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Jagadhri

2021-05-14T09:00:34Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagadhri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline = Jagadhri_Yamunangar_Haryana_India_old_street_Mohalla_Raipurian.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = An old market road of Jagadhri
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.168|N|77.301|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yamunanagar district|Yamunanagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 281
| population_total = 124,894
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 135003
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 1732
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-02
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jagadhri''' is a city and a [[municipal council]] in the [[Yamunanagar district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Haryana]]. This town lies adjacent to the city of [[Yamunanagar]]. The demarcation line between the two is difficult to discern. Jagadhri is around 100 km away from [[Chandigarh]], the capital city of Haryana state. 

==Etymology==
Jagadhri, corrupted form of its old name Yugandhari, was named after the king of the Yugandharas. Yugandharas find mention in [[Mahabharata]] as well as Buddhist texts as region with warriors or mountains. Yugandhara likely was used for a region inhabited by a tribe of that name and it comprised some mountainous tracts also which were given the same name.<ref name=sadh2>[http://haryanajobalert.com/Admin/Upload/YJQMLC7Wyamunanagar.pdf Yamunanagar History], Gazatteer of Haryana: Yamunanagar.</ref>

==History==
Excavations have found the punch marked square coins, a Greek [[Greek drachma|hemidrachm]] coin of [[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greek king]] [[Apollodotus I]] or [[Apollodotus II]] (1st and 2nd century BCE ) and one of [[Antimachus I]]/[[Antimachus II]] (2nd century BCE), a gold coin of [[Samudragupta]] (ruled 336-380 CE) and other coins of the period up to the [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] and [[Tomara dynasty]] kings of Delhi. It was likely the capital city of a [[Janapada]].<ref name=sadh2/>
There are few places which have signs of [[Ashoka]] like [[Topra Kalan|Topra kalan]], Chaneti, Sugh and [[Lohgarh]]. Topra kalan is the place where the Ashoka pillar having Pali inscriptions was originally installed by Ashoka. This pillar was uprooted by Mughal invader [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Ferozeshah Tughlaq]] and was moved to Delhi and reinstalled. Chaneti has one full size Buddhist stupa excavated similar to those found in saanchi and sarnath. Sugh also had signs of Buddhism which have been razed by local natives. Lohgarh is the place where [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] established the first [[Sikh]] capital of the world and the Sikh kingdom coins were also minted here.

The town was known historically for its metal work and brass ware including utensils. Nowadays{{when|date=July 2015}} production of brass ware has fallen off, due to high costs and the city has successfully transitioned to the manufacture of aluminium and stainless steel products. Moreover, Jagadhri has also witnessed the growth of a new timber trade in the last decade.{{when|date=July 2015}}

There are many old temples, such as LathMar Mandir, Khera Mandir, Gauri Shankar Mandir and Guga Madi Mandir, Devi Mandir (Mansa Devi).

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Jagadhri had 26,716 households with a total population of 124,894 of which 67,685 were male and 57,209 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,011. The total number of literates in Jagadhri was 94,468, which constituted 75.6% of the population with male literacy of 78.3% and female literacy of 72.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jagadhri was 85.2%, of which male literacy rate was 88.3% and female literacy rate was 81.5%. The [[Scheduled Castes]] population was 15,460.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jagadhri |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=64458 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>

==Surrounding places of interest==

===Tajewala headworks===
[[Tajewala Barrage]], completed in 1873, is where the Yamuna loses its waters to the Western and Eastern Yamuna Canals that supply water for irrigation and the Delhi waterworks. The Tajewala was replaced by the [[Hathnikund Barrage]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tak|first=Prakash C.|author2=Jagdish P. Sati|author3=Anjum N. Rizvi|title=Status of waterbirds at Hathnikund Barrage wetland, Yamunanagar District, Haryana, India|date=April 2010|volume=2|issue=4|pages=841|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|access-date=10 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104520/http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Buria===
[[Buria]] is a famous town situated 8 km away from Jagadhari. It is said that [[Humayun]] came here for hunting in [[Shivalik Hills|Shivalik]] forests and constructed ''Rang-Mahal''. Many people guess the relation of 'Rang-Mahal' to [[Raja Birbal]], one of the [[Navaratnas]] of [[Akbar]].

Buria is also known as Buria Sahib because of a well-known [[Gurudwara]] related to [[Guru Teg Bahadur]], ninth guru of [[Sikh]]s. An old [[Shiva]] [[Hindu temple|Temple]] is also located in Buria. In nearby Dayalgarh, is the renovated old temple of Shree Paataaleshvar Mahadev with a garden and some ashrams of saints made during medieval times.

===Bilaspur & Kapalmochan===
Bilaspur town, named after the writer of the [[Mahabharata]] - Maharishi [[Ved Vyas|Vyasa]], is a historical place. It is supposed that there was an Ashram of Ved Vyas on the bank of a pond situated here. The statue of Uma Mahadev made in 9th-10th century, and statue of [[Ganesha]] made in 11th-12th century and remains of [[Gupta Empire]] prove the antecedence of Kapalmochan. People come from all parts of the country feel spiritual elevated by taking holy bath here in ponds (kunds) known as Rinmochan, Kapalmochan and Surya kund. There is also a Hindu temple and Gurudawara of Dasham patshahi where the tenth guru of the Sikhs [[Guru Gobind Singh]] stayed. On the occasion of Guru Nanak Dev Jayanti, a huge gathering of devotees of both Sikh and Hindu origin takes place.

===Panchmukhi Shri Hanuman Ji Mandir===
The temple is situated on the road coming from Bilaspur to [[Chhachhrauli]], 4 km away from Bilaspur and attracts large numbers of people. This temple has a Vigrah of [[Hanuman]] with five faces, contributing to temple's name, Panchmukhi (five faces). It is believed that wishes come true here, after the 20th day of the Diwali on the Occasion. It is believed that the five Pandavas visited this place and prayed to Lord Hanuman by creating his five faces. The premises of the Temple has been greatly renovated during the recent years and has good facilities for the devotees.

===Chhachhrauli===
{{Main|Chhachhrauli}}
The main tehsil situated in north east and 11 km from Jagadhri. In the past it was the capital of the Sikh state of [[Kalsia]]. Created by Raja Gurbaksh Singh in 1763. Today 'Ravi Mahal', Ghantaghar, Janak Niwas and the fort have their own dignity. There is also a Sainik Parivar Bhawan & Bal-kunj social welfare institution at Chhachrauli. It is known as "Cherapunjji of Haryana" as it receives the highest rainfall in Haryana.

===Ban Santur===
This village is situated north east from Chhachhrauli near Kalesar - it is supposed to be connected with [[Shantanu|King Shantanu]] of Mahabharata.

===Adi Badri===
{{Main|Adi Badri (Haryana)}}
It lies 23 km north of Yamuna Nagar town. It is approachable by road via Bilaspur and is about 2 km from the nearest village Kathgarh. Located in the foothills of the Shivalik Hills, it has the Adi-Badri Narayana, Shri Kedar Nath and Mantra Devi Temples in the background. Three mounds of antiquities have recently been excavated by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

===Chaneti===
{{ see also | Edicts of Ashoka | Bodh Stupa | Topra | History_of_Haryana#Buddhism | l4= Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Haryana | Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India | Buddhist pilgrimage sites }}

''[[Chaneti Buddhist Stupa]]'' is situated 3 km away from Jagadhri. It is round in shape, made of bricks, 8 meters in height, in the area of about 100 sq meters, is an old Buddhist [[Stupa]]. According to [[Hieun Tsang]], this was built by the [[Ashoka|King Ashoka]].<ref name="sadh2"/>

===Harnol & Topra===
'''Panjtirthi''' is situated 15 km away from Yamuna Nagar Topra Kalan to Harnol road. There are [[Rama|Lord Rama]], [[Sita]], [[Pandavas]], Shiv temples, a Gurudwara and sacred [[johad|pond]].

===Sadhaura===
{{Main|Sadaura}}
It is an old historical place. It was said that people coming from [[Haridwar]] and all the religious places of [[Himachal Pradesh]] used to take rest here. It was known as the 'Sadhu-raha' in the past.

===Sugh Ancient Mound===
{{Main|Sugh Ancient Mound}}

==Education==
*[[Sacred Heart School, Jagadhri]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management and Technology]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College, Jagadhri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Yamunanagar district]]

Kanwar Pal Gujjar

2021-05-14T08:55:21Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kanwar Pal Gujjar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|05|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = Vill. Bhadurpur [[Chhachhrauli]], [[Yamunanagar]], [[Haryana]]
| office1 = [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Haryana]]
| term_start1 = 14 November 2019
| term_end1 =
| 2blankname1 = Minister of
| 2namedata1 = [[Ministry of Education]], [[Forest]], [[Tourism]], [[Parliamentary Affairs]], [[Science]] and [[Technology]]
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| governor1 = [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]
| office2 = Speaker of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 26 October 2014
| term_end2 = 4 November 2019
| predecessor2 = Kuldeep Bishnoi
| successor2 = [[ Gian Chand Gupta]]
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| governor2 = [[Kaptan Singh Solanki]] [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]
| office3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency4 = [[Jagadhri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagadhri]]
| term_start4 = 26 October 2014
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Akram Khan (politician)]]
| successor4 = Himself
| spouse = Sunita Gujjar
| children = 3
| residence = 25-27, Lane Number 2, Shivpuri Colony, Bhagwangarh, Sector 35, [[Jagadhri]], [[Haryana]], [[Postal Index Number|PIN code]]-135003
| website =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| image =
}}
'''Kanwar Pal Gujjar''' was a speaker of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from 26 October 2014 to 4 November 2019. He belongs to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was elected to the assembly from [[Jagadhri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagadhri]] two times. He born in Yamunanagar, Haryana.

==Life and career==
Gujjar was born on 8 May 1960 in Bahadurpur to Chandan Singh and Jagwati Devi. He did matriculation from Haryana Board of School Education Chandigarh in 1976-1977 and then pursued [[Bachelor of Arts]] from [[Kurukshetra University]] in 1979, but dropped in the second year. Gujjar is married to Sunita Gujjar, with who he has two daughters and a son.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri KANWAR PAL |url=https://loksabhatv.nic.in/shri-kanwar-pal |accessdate=6 February 2020 |work=Lok Sabha TV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kanwarpal Gurjar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JAGADHARI(YAMUNANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=http://myneta.info/haryana2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=94 |website=myneta.info |accessdate=6 February 2020}}</ref>

He became MLA twice. He was elected MLA in 2000 when INLD-BJP ruled the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Kanwar-Pal-Gujjar-elected-Haryana-speaker-as-new-house-begins-on-lighter-note/articleshow/45028792.cms|title=Kanwar Pal Gujjar elected Haryana speaker as new house begins on lighter note | Chandigarh News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|accessdate=12 January 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gujjar, Kanwar Pal}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Yamunanagar district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Yamunanagar

2021-05-14T08:51:06Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}}
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Yamunanagar district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yamunanagar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.133|N|77.288|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yamunanagar district|Yamunanagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 255
| population_total = 216,628
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 687
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref>
| population_metro = 383,318
| population_metro_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 135001
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 1732
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-02
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 877 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = http://yamunanagar.nic.in/
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
| editor =
}}

'''Yamunanagar''' ({{audio| Yamuna Nagar.ogg|pronunciation}}), is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Yamunanagar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]]. This town is known for the cluster of plywood units and paper industries. It provides timber to larger industries. The older town is called [[Jagadhri]]. The [[Jagadhri railway station|Yamunanagar-Jagadhri railway station]] (YJUD) services the city. Despite its name, Jagadhri Railway Station is situated in Yamunanagar. There is also another railway station called Jagadhri Workshop in Yamunanagar.

==History==
This town was part of [[Ambala district]] before it was made as separate district in November 1989. The place was earlier known as Abdullahpur which was later renamed by the city's eminent people as Jamnanagar and later on as Yamunanagar. Before independence, it was a small village with most of the population around the railway station, which increased as a result of migration of refugees from [[West Punjab]] after the partition.<ref>{{cite web |title=At a glance |url=http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/Yamuna%20Nagar-at-a-glance |website=haryanatourism.gov.in |access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
Yamuna Nagar has the river [[Yamuna]] (its namesake) running through the district, which forms the eastern boundary with the neighbouring Saharanpur district. This boundary is also a state boundary, as [[Saharanpur]] is in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The district also separates the Yamuna system from the Satluj river system.

From Yamuna Nagar, Yamuna river enters plain area for the first time. The historical river Saraswati also originates from [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi badri]], also located in the district. Towards its northern edge is a sub-mountainous region, which has more forest cover and many streams; it is the area where the river Yamuna flows out of the hills and into the plains. The northern boundary is also an interstate boundary with the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north. [[Sirmaur district|Sirmour]] in Himachal is the district to its north with the towns of [[Nahan]] and [[Paonta Sahib]] close to the boundary with Yamunanagar.

===Climate===
Record High – 45.5 degrees
Record Low – -0.5 degrees
Record rainfall (24 hours) – 383mm in Jagadhri on 14 July 2016 .

Average Rainfall of Monsoon – 891 mm. Chhachhrauli and Bilaspur tehsils are the rainiest Tehsils in Haryana. They are known as "The Cherapunjjis of Haryana". [[Loo (wind)|Loo]] blows generally between 15 May to 20 June. Fog is common in December, January and February.

===Rivers===
The [[Western Yamuna Canal]] of the river [[Yamuna]] flows on one side of the city. This canal serves the irrigation needs of the farmers. The canal has century old path ways, known locally as ''pattris'', on both sides which serve as connecting routes between villages even today and also help the irrigation department to maintain the canal and serve as a perfect scenic walk—with water on one side and green lush farms on other. The river marks the boundary of the district with the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], which borders the city on the eastern side of river Yamuna. The neighbouring city is [[Saharanpur]] in the state of Uttar Pradesh. In the north, the district borders the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]] being the district and the towns of [[Nahan]] and [[Paonta Sahib]] being the towns nearby. Tajewala headworks—from where the Yamuna canal is diverted—also lies north of the city. [[Jagadhri]] is an adjoining town famous for its industrial brass sheet and stainless steel industry.

==Demographics==
As per provisional data of census 2011, Yamunanagar urban agglomeration had a population of 383,318, out of which males were 205,346 and females were 177,972. The population in the age range 0 to 6 years was 40,950. The total number of literates were 293,475, of which males were 163,791 and females were 129,684. The effective literacy rate. that is of population above 7 years of age was 85.72 percent.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 26 July 2012 }}</ref>

{{See also|List of cities in Delhi and Haryana}}

==Government and politics==
===Civic administration===
====Yamunanagar-Jagadhri Municipal Corporation====
The Yamunanagar-Jagadhri Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Municipal Commissioner]] Dharamvir Singh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the City of Yamuna nagar!|url=http://mcynr.com/|access-date=18 September 2020|website=mcynr.com|language=en}}</ref> The elected head is [[Mayor]] [[Madan Chauhan]].<ref name=":0" /> The city is divided into 22 wards for the purpose of development, each of which is represented by a municipal councillor.<ref name=":0" />

==Economy==
===Industries===
Yamuna Nagar is well known for its industries. It has emerged as an important industrial destination in the state. This has been despite its relatively isolated location within the state. Due to expanding industries, the city kept on extending geographically.

The city produces sugar machinery, paper machinery, and highly efficient equipment for petrochemical plants, which are shipped to various refineries across the country. The city is also known for its [[plywood]] industries, which is attributed to the easy accessibility of primary raw material – [[poplar tree]]. It has also one of India's largest railways, [[Carriage & Wagon Workshop, Jagadhari|carriage and wagon repair workshops]]. Recently, [[Reliance Infrastructure]] has also installed [[Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station]] in the town. [[Haryana Urban Development Authority]] has done major development work in the land stretch linking the city with [[Jagadhri]], the other part of twin city. Jagadhri is famous for its brass and stainless steel utensils.

==Tourism==
Located at the base of [[Shivalik Hills]], Yamuna Nagar has moderately developed tourism industry.
* [[Kalesar National Park]] is one of the tourist spots which can be seen here. The place is located at the borders of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
* [[Chaneti Buddhist Stupa]] is another notable tourist spot which according to [[Hieun Tsang]], was built by [[King Ashoka]].<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=Chaneti Budhist Stupa {{!}} District YamunaNagar {{!}} India |url=https://yamunanagar.nic.in/tourist-place/chaneti-bhudhist-stupa/ |website=yamunanagar.nic.in |access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Railways===
[[File:Railway Station, Yamunanagar.JPG|thumb|Railway Station Yamunanagar]]
Yamunanagar has Two Railway station named Yamuna Nagar-Jagadhri & Jagadhri Workshop Railway station. It is on the popular direct route [[Amritsar]]–[[Kolkata]] Main Line. The {{Convert|1042|m}} long Railway Bridge on [[River Yamuna]] connects Yamuna Nagar-Jagadhri with [[Saharanpur]]. The bridge is named after [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee]].

[[File:Bus Stand Yamunanagar.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand Yamunanagar]]

===Roadways===
Yamunanagar is well-connected to Delhi and other cities in [[Haryana]] such as [[Panipat]], [[Karnal]], [[Ambala]], [[Kurukshetra]], [[Kaithal]] and [[Rohtak]]. Four-laning of the highway connecting Yamunanagar to the state capital of [[Chandigarh]] via [[Panchkula]] was recently completed.

==Education==
[[File:M.L.N. School, Yamunanagar.jpg|thumb|[[Mukand Lal National College]]]]
Colleges and other educational institutes include:
* [[Mukand Lal National College]]

==Notable people==


* [[Sunil Dutt]], actor and politician, father of [[Sanjay Dutt]]
* [[Karnam Malleswari]], first female Olympic medallist from India
* [[Sumeet Passi]], footballer, plays for [[Indian national football team]] and [[Jamshedpur FC]]
* [[Sanjeev Rajput]], Arjuna awardee shooter
* [[Rani Rampal]], female hockey-player
* [[Deepika Thakur]], [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian field hockey]] player.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://yamunanagar.nic.in/ Yamunanagar district]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yamunanagar| ]]

Airtel India

2021-05-14T08:44:40Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian telecommunications company}}
{{About|the mobile network operator in India|[[Bharti Enterprises]] telecommunication brand|Bharti Airtel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Airtel India
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| logo = File:Airtel logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1995|07|07}}<ref name="airtel.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/investor-relations/company-profile/fact-sheet/ |title=Fact Sheet |publisher=Airtel}}</ref>
| founder = [[Sunil Bharti Mittal]]
| industry = [[Telecommunication]]s
| location = Bharti Crescent, 1, [[Nelson Mandela Road]], New Delhi, [[India]]<ref name="airtel.in"/>
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = [[Sunil Bharti Mittal]] {{Small|(Chairman and [[Managing director|MD]])}}
| products = [[Landline|Fixed line]] and [[mobile phone|mobile telephony]], [[Broadband Internet access|broadband]] and fixed-line internet services, [[digital television]] and [[Internet protocol television|IPTV]]
| parent = [[Bharti Airtel]]
| homepage = {{URL|www.airtel.in/}}
}}
'''Airtel India''' is the [[List of telecom companies in India#Wireless Operators|second largest provider]] of [[mobile telephony]] and [[List of telecom companies in India#Wireline operators|second largest provider]] of [[fixed telephony]] in India, and is also a provider of [[broadband Internet access|broadband]] and [[Pay television|subscription television]] services.<ref name="trai">{{cite web|url=https://main.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.40of2019.pdf|title=Press Release on Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 March, 2019|date=21 May 2019|website=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531194435/https://main.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.40of2019.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The brand is operated by several subsidiaries of [[Bharti Airtel]], with Bharti Hexacom and Bharti Telemedia providing broadband fixed line services and Bharti Infratel providing telecom passive infrastructure service such as telecom equipment and telecom towers.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=12424600 | work=Bloomberg | title=Bharti Hexacom Limited: Private Company Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=BHRI.NS | website=reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]]|access-date=29 December 2015|title=Profile: Bharti Infratel Ltd (BHRI.NS)}}</ref> Bharti Airtel Limited is part of [[Bharti Enterprises]] and is headed by [[Sunil Bharti Mittal]]. As of May 2021, Airtel India has over 355 million subscribers in India<ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel India APN Settings for Android & iPhone - 3G 4G 5G Internet Settings|url=https://www.wikilogy.com/apn-settings/india/bharti-airtel/|url-status=live|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=13 May 2021|website=Wikilogy APN}}</ref>.

Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve [[Cisco]] Gold Certification.<ref>{{cite web|author=Agencies |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bharti-Airtel-gets-Gold-Certification/663519/ |title=Bharti Airtel gets Gold Certification |publisher=Express India |date=22 August 2010 |access-date=21 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113193951/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bharti-Airtel-gets-Gold-Certification/663519/ |archive-date=13 January 2012 }}</ref> It also acts as a carrier for national and international long distance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at [[Chennai]], with a connection to [[Singapore]].<ref name="TRAI">{{cite web|date=31 October 2020|title=Press Release on Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 October 2020|url=https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.101of2020_0.pdf|website=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/top-three-telcos-have-61-market-share-116091300897_1.html|title=Top three telcos have 61% market share|last=Reporter|first=B. S.|date=13 September 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref> Airtel was named India's second most valuable brand in the first ever Brandz ranking by Millward Brown and [[WPP plc]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpp.com/wpp/press/2014/aug/19/hdfc-bank-named-indias-most-valuable-brand-in-brandz-ranking-as-service-sector-brands-dominate/|title=HDFC Bank named India's most valuable brand in BrandZ ranking|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827190951/http://www.wpp.com/wpp/press/2014/aug/19/hdfc-bank-named-indias-most-valuable-brand-in-brandz-ranking-as-service-sector-brands-dominate/|archive-date=27 August 2014|date=19 August 2014|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="top10">{{cite web|title=India's top 10 brands|url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/26/slide-show-1-tata-motors-is-indias-top-brand.htm|publisher=business.rediff.com|access-date=26 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101028074814/http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/26/slide-show-1-tata-motors-is-indias-top-brand.htm| archive-date= 28 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Mobile services==
[[File:Airtel.JPG|thumb|300px|Airtel office in [[Pune]], c. 2012]]
Airtel operates in all [[telecom circle]]s of India.

===3G===
On 18 May 2010, the [[Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction#2010 Spectrum Auction|3G spectrum auction]] was completed and Airtel paid the [[Government of India]] {{INRConvert|123|b}} for spectrum in 13 circles, the most amount spent by an operator in that auction. Airtel won 3G licences in 13 telecom circles of India: [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (West)]], [[Rajasthan]], [[West Bengal]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Assam]], [[Northeast India|North East]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]].<ref name="medianama2">{{cite web|first=Nikhil|last=Pahwa |url=http://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-3g-auction-india-ends-provisional-winners/ |title=Medianama.com |publisher=Medianama.com |access-date=23 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825194632/http://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-3g-auction-india-ends-provisional-winners/| archive-date= 25 August 2010 | url-status=live|date=19 May 2010 }}</ref> Airtel also operates 3G services in [[Maharashtra]] & [[Goa]], [[Kolkata]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] circles through an agreement with [[Vodafone Idea]]. This gives Airtel a 3G presence in all 22 out of 22 circles in India. Airtel is fined by DoT 3.50 billion for not stopping offering 3G Services through Roaming Pacts outside its Licensed Zones in Seven Circles.

On 20 September 2010, Bharti Airtel said that it had given contracts to [[Ericsson|Ericsson India]], [[Nokia Siemens Networks]] (NSN) to set up infrastructure for providing 3G services in the country. These vendors would plan, design, deploy and maintain 3G–HSPA (third-generation, high-speed packet access) networks in 13 telecom circles where the company had won 3G licences. While Airtel awarded network contracts for seven 3G circles to Ericsson India, NSN would manage networks in three circles. Chinese telecom equipment vendor [[Huawei]] Technologies was introduced as the third partner for three circles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6592626.cms?prtpage=1|title=Ericsson, NSN and Huawei to build 3G networks for Airtel – The Economic Times|publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com|date=20 September 2010|access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref>

Airtel launched 3G services in [[Bangalore]] on 24 January 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/telecom/Airtel-launches-3G-in-Karnataka/articleshow/7352596.cms |work=The Times of India|date=24 January 2011 |location=India | title=Airtel launches 3G in Karnataka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128210412/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/news/telecom/Airtel-launches-3G-in-Karnataka/articleshow/7352596.cms|archive-date=28 January 2011 }}</ref> On 27 January 2011, Airtel launched 3G in [[Chennai]] and [[Coimbatore]] in Tamil Nadu. On 27 July 2011, 3G services were launched in [[Kerala]]'s 3 largest cities – [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikode]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latesttechnology.online/2018/11/bharti-airtel-limited-indian-global.html |title=On 21 November 2018, Bharti Airtel Limited global telecommunications service provider company from India |publisher=Latesttechnology.online |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 }}</ref>

Airtel 3G services are available in 200 cities through its network and in 500 cities through intra-circle roaming arrangements with other operators. Airtel had about 5.4 million 3G customers of which 4 million are 3G data customers as of September 2012. Airtel has 3G licence in all 22 circles.<ref name="Q22012">{{cite web|title=Quarterly Report Q2 2012|url=http://www.airtel.in/QuarterlyResult/Quarterly_report_Q2_13.pdf|publisher=Airtel.in|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123131411/http://www.airtel.in/QuarterlyResult/Quarterly_report_Q2_13.pdf|archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref>

In October 2017, [[Bharti Airtel]] announced its acquisition of Tata DoCoMo having roughly 40 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharti Airtel acquires Tata's mobile arm|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/bharti-airtel-to-acquire-tatas-consumer-mobile-business/article19846171.ece|access-date=23 April 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

In June 2019, Airtel closed their 3G network in Kolkata. In Kolkata users can only access 4G and 2G networks. In an event, Airtel confirmed that it will shut down their 3G network all over India and re-farm the spectrum towards 4G by the year 2020. Then onwards Airtel will provide only 2G and 4G connectivity in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Navadha |title=Bharti Airtel looks to phase out 3G network across India by March |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/telecom/airtel-to-shut-down-3g-networks-across-india-by-march-2020-1564741548731.html |access-date=5 February 2020 |work=Livemint |date=2 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===4G===
On 19 May 2010, the broadband wireless access (BWA) or [[4G]] [[Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction#2010 Spectrum Auction|spectrum auction in India]] ended. Airtel paid {{INRConvert|33.1436|b}} for spectrum in 4 circles: [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]], Karnataka, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref name="medianama.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/06/223-indias-broadband-wireless-auction-ends-operator-circlewise-results/|title=India's Broadband Wireless Auction Ends; Operator & Circlewise Results|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> The company was allocated 20 MHz of BWA spectrum in 2.3 GHz frequency band. Airtel's [[Time-Division Long-Term Evolution|TD-LTE]] network is built and operated by [[ZTE]] in [[Kolkata]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Huawei]] in Karnataka, and [[Nokia Siemens Networks]] in Maharashtra and Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecomtalk.info/4g-india-3gs-way-in-depth-analysis/93871/|title=Will 4G in India go 3G's way? In Depth Analysis By CARE Research - TelecomTalk|first=Rudradeep|last=Biswas|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> On 10 April 2012, Airtel launched 4G services through dongles and modems using [[Time-Division Long-Term Evolution|TD-LTE]] technology in [[Kolkata]], becoming the first company in India to offer 4G services. The Kolkata launch was followed by launches in [[Bangalore]] (7 May 2012),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-services-launched-bangalore/93252/#more-93252 |title=Airtel 4G Services Launched in Bangalore |publisher=Telecomtalk.info |date=7 May 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}</ref> [[Pune]] (18 October 2012),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-lte-services-pune/101383/#more-101383 |title=Airtel 4G LTE Services Launched in Pune |publisher=Telecomtalk.info |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref> and [[Chandigarh]], [[Mohali]] and [[Panchkula]] (25 March 2013).<ref>{{cite web|first=Rudradeep|last=Biswas |url=http://telecomtalk.info/exclusive-airtel-to-launch-4glte-td-services-in-chandigarh-today/105283/ |title=Exclusive: Airtel to Launch 4G/LTE-TD Services in Chandigarh Today |publisher=Telecomtalk.info |date=20 March 2013 |access-date=21 March 2013}}</ref> Airtel obtained 4G licences and spectrum in the telecom circles of [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Kerala]] and [[Mumbai]] after acquiring Wireless Business Services Private Limited, a joint venture founded by Qualcomm, which had won BWA spectrum in those circles in the 4G spectrum auction.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/bharti-buys-49-per-cent-in-qualcomm-bwa-unit-for-165-million/article3452175.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Bharti buys 49 per cent in Qualcomm BWA unit for $165 million | date=24 May 2012}}</ref>

Airtel launched 4G services on mobile from February 2014. The first city to get the service was Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/telecom/Airtel-launches-4G-on-mobiles-at-same-price-as-3G/articleshow/30382502.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Airtel launches 4G on mobiles at same price as 3G – The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/bharti-airtel-offers-4g-services-on-mobiles-in-bangalore/articleshow/30362058.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Bharti Airtel offers 4G services on mobiles in Bangalore | date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Airtel has started their 4G services in [[Karnal]] and [[Yamunanagar]] in Haryana on 16 June 2015.<ref name="Airtel 4G in Haryana">[http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-launched-in-karnal-and-yamunanagar-011830/ Airtel 4G launch in Karnal and Yamunanagar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124932/http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-launched-in-karnal-and-yamunanagar-011830/ |date=17 June 2015 }}, ''News Exprezz'', 16 June 2015.</ref> Airtel 4G trials has been started in Delhi from 18 June 2015.<ref name="Airtel 4G">[http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-in-delhi-launch-on-18th-june-011804/ Airtel 4G launch in Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123426/http://www.newsexprezz.com/airtel-4g-in-delhi-launch-on-18th-june-011804/ |date=17 June 2015 }}, ''News Exprezz'', 16 June 2015.</ref> Airtel had 95,173,000 4G subscribers as of June 2019.<ref>https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/bsy/iportal/images/Quarterly-IR-Pack-Bharti-Airtel-Consolidated_D9EB4DDAFE7ECBC818A2D3987B78FCC1.pdf</ref>

As of June 2019, Airtel provides 4G coverage in all India in 22 circles.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.airtel.in/|title=India's leading provider of Prepaid & Postpaid Mobile Services in India - Airtel.in|website=Airtel}}</ref> Airtel extended its 4G network to 15 km off India's coastline, following a request by the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/4g-lte-how-reliance-jio-airtel-vodafone-idea-cellular-aircel-stack-up/51357478|title=4G LTE: How Reliance Jio, Airtel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular, Aircel stack up - ET Telecom|website=ETTelecom.com}}</ref> Airtel started its 4G in [[Andaman and Nicobar]] on 15 January 2019.<ref name="auto"/> Airtel covered 96% population in [[Rajasthan]] till March 2019.<ref name="auto"/> Airtel's network now covers approximately 98% of the population in these geographies.<ref name="auto"/>

====VoLTE====
On 3 November 2016, ''The Economic Times'' reported that Airtel had awarded a {{INR}}4.02 billion (US$60 million) contract to [[Nokia]] to implement Voice over Long-Term evolution (VoLTE) technology on the operator's network nationwide. Airtel had previously awarded a smaller contract to Nokia for trial of VoLTE technology in select circles in early 2016. Airtel subscribers would be able to place VoLTE calls in areas covered by LTE. If LTE was not available in the area, the call will fall back to 3G or 2G.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel signs Rs 402-crore deal with Nokia on VoLTE calling tech - The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/airtel-signs-rs-420-crore-deal-with-nokia-on-volte-calling-tech/articleshow/55192001.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>

=== 5G ===
Jan 2021 - Demonstrated live 5G network at [[Hyderabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jagmeet|last=Singh |date=28 January 2021|title=Airtel Claims to Be Ready for 5G Rollout, Demonstrates Live Experience|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-5g-network-rollout-plans-demonstration-jio-competitive-move-india-2359260|access-date=10 March 2021|work=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en}}</ref>

Feb 2021 - Announced partnership with [[Qualcomm]] to develop Open-[[Radio access network|RAN]] based 5G network.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel and Qualcomm to collaborate for 5G in India|url=https://www.airtel.in/press-release/02-2021/airtel-and-qualcomm-to-collaborate-for-5g-in-india|access-date=10 March 2021|website=www.airtel.in}}</ref>

==Network==

===Spectrum frequency holding summary===
Airtel India owns spectrum in 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz bands across the [[India|country]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://onlytech.com/india-telecom-spectrum-chart/|publisher=Only Tech|access-date=30 October 2019|title=Pan India Telecom Spectrum holding chart 2020 (updated)}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | [[Telecom circle]] coverage
! scope="col" | FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 850[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 5]]
! scope="col" | [[E-GSM]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 900[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 8]]
! scope="col" | [[GSM]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 1800[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 3]]
! scope="col" | [[UMTS]] / FD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 2100[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 1]]
! scope="col" | TD-[[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] 2300[[Frequency|MHz]] [[LTE frequency bands|Band 40]]
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] & [[Telangana]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Assam]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Bihar]] & [[Jharkhand]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Delhi]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Eastern Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (East)]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Haryana]] || {{na|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Karnataka]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Kerala]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Kolkata]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] & [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] & [[Goa]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Mumbai]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[North East India|North East]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Odisha]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[West Bengal]] || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|-
|[[Western Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh (West)]] || {{ya|color=}} || {{na|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}} || {{ya|color=}}
|}

===Project Leap===
On 30 November 2015, Airtel announced the launch of a network transformation programme called Project Leap. Under the programme, the company will invest {{INR}}60,000 crores over the next 3 years to upgrade its network across India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Airtel launches website to allow users to track Project Leap |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/airtel-launches-website-to-allow-users-to-track-project-leap/articleshow/50355970.cms |date=29 December 2015}}</ref> Airtel will deploy over 160,000 base stations nationwide, and also expand its mobile broadband coverage to over 500,000 villages. Under Project Leap, Airtel will introduce several technologies such as small cells, carrier aggregation solutions, WiFi hotspots, and several different spectrum bands to improve network coverage in indoor areas. The company will also deploy more than 5,50,000 km of domestic and international fibre, and upgrade its legacy networks and base stations over the three-year period.

Airtel Broadband will also benefit from Project Leap. The ISP's maximum offered speed will rise from 16 Mbit/s in 2016 to 50 Mbit/s when after the programme is implemented.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel to invest Rs 60,000 crore in 'Project Leap'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/airtel-to-invest-rs-60000-crore-in-project-leap/article7933714.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=6 September 2016|language=en-IN|date=30 November 2015}}</ref>

On 14 June 2016, Airtel launched the Open Network initiative under Project Leap. The Open Network service allows users to view Airtel's mobile network coverage and signal strength across India, in addition to network site deployment status. This was first launched on a trial basis in December 2015, before its official launch in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtels-open-network-launched-on-app-to-show-coverage-quality-across-india-849280|title=Airtel's Open Network Launched on App, Shows Coverage Across India|website=NDTV Gadgets 360}}</ref>

In February 2016, Airtel deployed [[LTE Advanced]] carrier aggregation technology in Kerala. Carrier aggregation combines the capacities of TD-LTE (2300 MHz spectrum band) and FD-LTE (1800) enabling better spectrum utilisation and efficiency. The network achieved data speeds of up to 135 Mbit/s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telecomtalk.info/airtel-4g-data-speeds-up-to-13mbps-in-bengaluru/156953/|title=Airtel to enable 4G data speeds up to 135 Mbps in Bengaluru, deploys 4G Advanced Carrier Aggregation - TelecomTalk|first=Rudradeep|last=Biswas|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref>

== Airtel Business ==
Jan 2020 - Announced partnership with [[Google Cloud Platform]] to offer [[Google Workspace]] to SMBs in India.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Anasia|last=D'mello|date=23 January 2020|title=G Suite to form part of Airtel's integrated B2B connectivity solutions for businesses - VanillaPlus - The global voice of Telecoms IT|url=https://www.vanillaplus.com/2020/01/23/50201-g-suite-form-part-airtels-integrated-b2b-connectivity-solutions-businesses/|access-date=10 March 2021|work=VanillaPlus|language=en-US}}</ref>

May 2020 - Announced 'Work@Home' solutions for corporate employees, which bundled collaboration tools including [[Google Meet]], [[Cisco Webex]] and [[Zoom (software)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel Launches 'Work@Home' Plans for Businesses|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/airtel-work-at-home-businesses-employees-4g-vpn-2230847|access-date=10 March 2021|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en}}</ref> Announced “High speed Airtel 4G Corporate Mi-Fi devices with complimentary G Suite pack”.

July 2020 - Partnered with [[Verizon Communications]] to launch [[BlueJeans]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Manish|date=14 July 2020|title=Verizon partners with Airtel to launch BlueJeans in India|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/07/14/airtel-bluejeans-verizon-partnership-india-launch/|access-date=10 March 2021|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Airtel IQ ===
A cloud communications suite, which Airtel has announced in Oct 2020, that it will operate as a separate business division.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Airtel enters the $ 1 billion Indian cloud communications market with Airtel IQ|url=https://www.airtel.in/press-release/10-2020/airtel-enters-the-1-billion-doller-indian-cloud-communications-market-with-airtel-iq|access-date=10 March 2021|website=www.airtel.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 2020|title=Airtel IQ cloud-based communication platform launched in India: Here's what it does|url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/airtel-iq-cloud-based-communication-platform-launched-in-india-here-s-what-it-does-71603707029479.html|access-date=10 March 2021|work=Hindustan Times Tech|language=en}}</ref>

=== Nxtra Datacenter ===
Nxtra Data Ltd, a subsidiary of Airtel, which operates data center services to corporate clients in the South Asian region. It currently operates 10 Tier-III [[Data center|Data centers]] across 7 locations in India.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 November 2020|title=Bharti Airtel unit Nxtra Data to set up two new data centre campuses in Mumbai, Pune|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/bharti-airtel-unit-nxtra-data-to-set-up-two-new-data-centre-campuses-in-mumbai-pune/articleshow/79017491.cms?from=mdr|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>

Aug 2020 - Announced strategic alliance with [[Amazon Web Services]] to offer AWS's servcies to SMBs in India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Khan|first=Danish|date=4 August 2020|title=Airtel set to ink strategic alliance with Amazon Web Services to tap SMB opportunity - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/airtel-set-to-ink-strategic-alliance-with-amazon-web-services-to-tap-smb-opportunity/77355014|access-date=10 March 2021|work=Economic Times|language=en}}</ref>

==Airtel Money==
Airtel has started a new [[mCommerce]] platform called Airtel Money in collaboration with Infosys and SmartTrust (now Giesecke & Devrient). The platform was launched on 5 April 2012, at Infosys' headquarters in Bangalore. Using Airtel Money, users can transfer money, pay bills and perform other financial transactions directly on the mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airtel.in/wps/wcm/connect/airtelmoney/airtelmoney/home/why_airtel_money |title=airtel mcommerce-mobile money bill payments and recharge |publisher=Airtel.in |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710030436/http://www.airtel.in/wps/wcm/connect/airtelmoney/airtelmoney/home/why_airtel_money |archive-date=10 July 2012 }}</ref>

==Airtel Broadband==

===V-Fiber===
Airtel launched its V-Fiber service in October 2016. Airtel V-Fiber is available in 103 cities in india with speeds up to 1 Gbit/s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airtel.in/broadband/|title=Airtel Broadband Plans - Internet Connection Plan|website=Airtel}}</ref> This service was later renamed as Xstream Fibre.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Priya |title=Airtel broadband is now Xstream Fibre: New plans, new prices, unlimited voucher and other key details to know |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/airtel-broadband-is-now-xstream-fibre-and-here-are-key-details-1614778-2019-11-01 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=India Today |date=1 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===IPTV===
Airtel Broadband launched its IPtV service in 2009. On 31 August 2016, the company shut down the service, and offered its 50,000 subscribers a free upgrade to [[Airtel Digital TV]]. The company stated that the move was part of its strategy to focus on a single television service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel to shut down IPTv service from 31st August, offers free migration to DTH platform|url=http://telecomtalk.info/airtel-iptv-free-migration-dth/156206/|website=Telecomtalk.info|access-date=6 September 2016|date=18 August 2016}}</ref>

==Net Neutrality Debate==
{{Details|Net neutrality in India}}

In April 2015, Airtel launched a marketing platform called [[Airtel Zero]], which allows application providers to pay for the data used by the consumers, enabling consumers to access specific mobile apps at zero data cost.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel launches 'Airtel Zero' |url=http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel+launches+-+airtel+zero-+a+win-win+platform+for+customers+and+marketers |access-date=15 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415024105/http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel%2Blaunches%2B-%2Bairtel%2Bzero-%2Ba%2Bwin-win%2Bplatform%2Bfor%2Bcustomers%2Band%2Bmarketers |archive-date=15 April 2015 }} Archived from [http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/corporate/airtel+launches+-+airtel+zero-+a+win-win+platform+for+customers+and+marketers Bharti Airtel News]</ref> [[Flipkart]], a leading Indian e-commerce firm reportedly was to become the launch partner of "Airtel Zero". The issue triggered debate on net neutrality in India<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Lalatendu|title=Net neutrality debate rages|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/net-neutrality-debate-rages/article7102338.ece|access-date=15 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=15 April 2015|ref=HinduNN|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and following protests [[Flipkart]] pulled out of Airtel Zero.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Mahim Prathap Singh|author2=Pradeesh Chandran|title=Following consumer backlash, Flipkart pulls out of Airtel Zero|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/we-are-in-favour-of-net-neutrality-flipkart-ceo/article7101557.ece|access-date=14 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=14 April 2015|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name=BGRFlipkart>{{cite news|title=Flipkart mobile app bears the brunt of the company's reported plans to join 'Airtel Zero'|url=http://www.bgr.in/news/flipkart-mobile-app-bears-the-brunt-of-the-companys-reported-plans-to-join-airtel-zero/|access-date=10 April 2015|work=[[Boy Genius Report|BGR India]]|date=9 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=FlipkartDownvote>{{cite news|title=Consumers downvote Flipkart app after net neutrality controversy|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/technology/story/consumers-downvote-flipkart-app-after-net-neutrality-controversy/1/429310.html|access-date=10 April 2015|work=[[India Today]]|date=9 April 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bharti Airtel]]
* [[Bharti Enterprises]]
* [[Airtel Payments Bank]]
* [[Wynk]]
* [[Telecommunications in India]]
* [[List of telecom companies in India]]
* [[List of mobile network operators]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://airtel.in}}

[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of India]]
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of India]]
[[Category:Internet service providers of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Bharti Airtel]]

Kurukshetra

2021-05-14T08:41:03Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{About|the municipality in India}}
{{for|neighbouring town|Thanesar}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurukshetra
| other_name = Dharmakshetra
| settlement_type = City
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|29.965717|N|76.837006|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_skyline = Hitopadesha.jpg
| image_caption = Bronze Chariot with Lord [[Krishna]] and [[Arjuna]] in Kurukshetra.
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kurukshetra District|Kurukshetra]]
| named_for = [[Kurukshetra War]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 1530
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |website=National Commission of Linguistic Minorities, India|archive-date = 15 November 2016 }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 136118
| area_code = 01744
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-07
| website = {{URL|kurukshetra.gov.in}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Kurukshetra''' ({{IPA-hi|kʊrʊkʃeːtɾə}}, {{audio|Kurukshetra.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is also known as '''Dharmakshetra''' ("Holy Place") and as the "Land of the [[Bhagavad Gita]]".

==Legends==
{{See also|Kurukshetra War|label 1 = }}
[[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A manuscript of [[Mahabharata]] depicting the war at Kurukshetra]]
According to the [[Puranas]], Kurukshetra is a region named after [[King Kuru]], the ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas in the [[Kuru kingdom]], as depicted in epic [[Mahabharata]]. The [[Kurukshetra War]] of the [[Mahabharata]] is believed to have taken place here. [[Thaneswar]] whose urban area is merged with Kurukshetra is a pilgrimage site with many locations attributed to Mahabharata.<ref>{{cite web | title = Kurukshetra (India)|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325415/Kurukshetra | access-date = 9 August 2014 }}</ref>

In the Vedas Kurukshetra is described not as a city but as a region ("[[Tirtha (Hinduism)#Kshetra|kshetra]]" means "region" in Sanskrit). The boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the central and western parts of the state of Haryana and southern Punjab. According to the [[Taittiriya Aranyaka]] 5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna (Srughna/Sugh in [[Sirhind]], Punjab), north of [[Khandava Forest|Khandava]] (Delhi and [[Mewat]] region), east of [[Thar Desert|Maru]] (desert), and west of Parin.<ref>[http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf Agarwal, Vishal: Is There Vedic Evidence for the Indo-Aryan Immigration to India?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528001253/http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf |date=28 May 2008 }}</ref>

According to the [[Vamana Purana]], King Kuru chose land at the banks of the [[Sarasvati River]] for embedding spirituality with eight virtues: austerity ([[Tapas (Sanskrit)|Tapas]]), truth ([[Satya]]), forgiveness (Kshama), kindness ([[Daya (Hinduism)|Daya]]), purity (Shuddha), charity ([[Dāna|Daana]]), devotion ([[Yajna]]), and conduct ([[Brahmacharya]]). Lord [[Vishnu]] was impressed with the acts of King Kuru and blessed him with two boons—first, that this land forever will be known as a Holy Land after his name as Kurukshetra (the land of Kuru); second that anyone dying on this land will go to heaven.

The land of Kurukshetra was situated between two rivers—the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] and the [[Drishadvati river|Drishadvati]].

==History==
Kurukshetra reached the zenith of its progress during the reign of King [[Harsha]], during which Chinese scholar [[Xuanzang]] visited Thanesar.

Kurukshetra was conquered by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] empire in the late 4th century BCE and subsequently became a center of Buddhism and Hinduism. The history of Kurukshetra is little-known in between the collapse of the Mauryans and the rise of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]] who conquered the region. After the decline of Kushan power in the region, Kurukshetra became independent only to become conquered by the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta empire]] in the early 4th century CE. Under Gupta rule, Kurukshetra experienced a cultural and religious revival and became a center for Hinduism. After the fall of the Gupta, the [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled over Kurukshetra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1996|isbn=1-884964-04-4|editor-last=Schellinger|editor-first=Paul|location=Chicago|pages=507–508|editor-last2=Salkin|editor-first2=Robert}}</ref>

Civil war broke out when [[Harsha]] (of the Pushyabhuti dynasty) died without a successor in 647. A Kashmiri army briefly conquered Kurukshetra in 733 but were unable to establish dominion in the area. In 736, the [[Tomara dynasty]] was founded and they took over the region. Around the early 9th century, Kurukshetra lost its independence to Bengal. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] sacked Kurukshetra in 1014 and Muslim raiders sacked it in 1034. Kurukshetra was incorporated into the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1206. Other than a short moment of independence from the result of a rebellion within the Sultanate in 1240, Kurukshetra was under the control of Delhi until 1388.<ref name=":0" />

Kurukshetra became independent once again after the steep decline of the Delhi Sultanate and the raids of [[Timur|Tamerlane]] near the region. The [[Sayyid dynasty]] incorporated Kurukshetra into their territory though the city likely enjoyed some autonomy. The area was much more firmly controlled under the subsequent [[Lodi dynasty]]. Some damages to Kurukshetra and its structures occurred during this period. Kurukshetra became part of the [[Mughal Empire]] after [[Babur]] quashed a local rebellion in 1526. Under [[Akbar]], Kurukshetra once again became a spiritual center not only for Hindus but also for Sikhs and Muslims.<ref name=":0" />

Between the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Kurukshetra was controlled by the forces of the [[Maratha Empire]] until the British took over Delhi in 1803. In 1805, the British took Kurukshetra after defeating the Maratha forces in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], who were controlling the city. Since 1947, Kurukshetra has become a popular spiritual center and has seen much infrastructure, development, and restoration of old structures.<ref name=":0" />

==Geography==
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:12, 9, 6|switch=zoomed in, zoomed mid, zoomed out}}
Kurukshetra city is surrounded by [[Patiala]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Amritsar]] to the northwest, [[Ambala]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Shimla]] to the north, [[Yamuna Nagar]], [[Jagadhri]], [[Dehradun]] to the northeast, [[Pehowa]], [[Cheeka]], [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]] to the west, [[Ladwa]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Roorkee]] to the east, [[Kaithal]], [[Jind]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] to the southwest, [[Karnal]], [[Panipat]], [[Sonipat]], [[New Delhi]] to the south, and [[Shamli]], [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Meerut]] to the southeast.

==Climate==
The climate of the district varies as the temperature in summer reaches as high as 47 °C, and as low 1 °C in winter, with rains in July and August.

==Demography==
In 2017, the government declared Kurukshetra a holy city and the sale, possession, and consumption of meat are banned within the limits of the Municipal Corporation due to its religious significance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/haryana-bans-meat-in-holy-towns-of-kurukshetra-pehowa/993170|title=Haryana bans meat in holy towns of Kurukshetra, Pehowa|work=The Indian Express|access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[Kurukshetra Junction railway station]] is a [[junction station]] at the junction of [[Delhi–Kalka line]] and Kurukshetra–Jind branch line.<ref>{{cite web | title = KKDE/Kurukshetra Junction Railway Station |work=India Rail Info| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/kurukshetra-junction-kkde/668 | access-date = 2014-08-29}}</ref> It is located in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It serves Kurukshetra and [[Thanesar]] city.

==Tourism==
Kurukshetra is an important Hindu pilgrimage destination, and there are several pilgrimage sites surrounding the city. The [[Hindi]] phrase ''[[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra|48 kos parikrama]]'' refers to a roughly 90-km traditional circle ([[Parikrama]]) around the holy city (1 kos equals about 3.00 km or 1.91 miles), and a complete ''[[parikrama]]'' refers to a pilgrimage to all these sites on foot.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/MAPs/ReligiousMap/map.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625103022/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/MAPs/ReligiousMap/map.jpg |archive-date=25 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/k’shetra-village-renamed-after-mahabharata’s-abhimanyu-481841|title=K'shetra village renamed after Mahabharata's Abhimanyu|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>

===Hindu religious sites===
* [[Brahma Sarovar]]: Every year [[lakh]]s (hundreds of thousands) of people come to take a holy bath at Brahma Sarovar on the occasion of "Somavati Amavasya" (Sacred No-Moon Day that happens on a Monday) and on solar eclipses. They believe that a bath in the holy Sarovar frees all sins and cycle of birth-death. The Sarovar is one of Asia's largest man-made ponds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/brahma-sarovar/as50366226.cms|title=Brahma Sarovar|last=Aggarwal|first=Chandni|website=Times of India Travel|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> [[Hindu genealogy registers at Kurukshetra, Haryana|Hindu genealogy registers]] are kept here.
*[[Sannihit Sarovar]]: The pond is believed to be the meeting point of seven sacred Saraswatis. The Sarovar, according to popular belief, contains sacred water. Bathing in the waters of the tank on the day of Amavasya (night of complete darkness) or on the day of an eclipse bestows blessings equivalent to performing the Ashvamedh Yajna.
*[[Jyotisar]]: The famous site where [[Bhagavad Gita]] was delivered to Arjuna under the tree. The tree of that time is witness to Gita.
*[[Kurukshetra Panorama and Science Centre]]: A mural depiction of the Mahabharata war.
*[[Dharohar Museum]]: A museum about the tradition and cultural depiction of Haryana located in [[Kurukshetra University]].
* [[Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple]]

===Historical sites===
* [[Sheikh Chilli's Tomb]]: This monument is maintained by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. It was built during the [[Mughal era]] in remembrance of Sufi Saint Sheikh Chehli, believed to be the spiritual teacher of Mughal Prince [[Dara Shikoh]]. The Prince's main 'Murshid' or 'Sheikh' (Spiritual Guide), however, is historically known to have been Hazrat Sheikh [[Mian Mir]] Sahib, of [[Lahore]],<ref>Lahore Gazetteer, 1887, p. 203</ref> although Sheikh Chehli might have been an additional teacher. Another theory is that the site of the so-called ''[[maqbara]]'' or tomb. Sheikh Chaheli’s Tomb and the madarasa are associated with the Sufi saint Abdu'r-Rahim alias Aabd-ul-Razak, popularly known as Shaikh Chehli (also pronounced Chilli).<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheikh Chaheli's Tomb {{!}} Places of Interest {{!}} Kurukshetra {{!}} Destinations {{!}} Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited. |url=https://haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/Sheikh-Chahelis-tomb |website=Haryana Tourism Corporation |publisher=Haryana Government |access-date=26 January 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

* The Pathar Masjid is built of red sandstone and is known for its fluted minaret.

* [[Nabha House]], a palatial building was constructed by the royal family of Nabha principality.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nabha House {{!}} Places of Interest {{!}} Kurukshetra {{!}} Destinations {{!}} Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited. |url=https://haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/nabha-house |publisher=Haryana Tourism Corporation |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Wildlife ==
* [[Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra]]
* [[Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary]]

==Educational institutes==
* [[Kurukshetra University]]
* [[National Institute of Design, Kurukshetra]]
* [[National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]]
* [[Shri Krishna AYUSH University]]
* [[University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University]]

==District administration==
* The [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], is in charge of the General Administration in the [[Districts of Haryana|district]]. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Haryana Civil Service and other Haryana state services.
* The [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], is responsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Police Service and other Haryana Police officials.
* The [[Deputy Conservator of Forests (India)|Deputy Conservator of Forests]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]], is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment, and Wildlife in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Forest Service and other Haryana Forest officials and Haryana Wildlife officials.
* Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Statistics, etc. These officers are from various Haryana state services.
*[[Shahbad]], [[Ladwa]], [[Pehowa]], Babain, Ismailabad, and [[Jhansa]] are other towns in the district with significant populations.

==In popular art==
[[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']] wrote an [[epic poem]] titled ''Kurukshetra'', a narrative poem based on the ''Santi Parva'' of the [[Mahabharata]]. He wrote the poem when memories of the [[Second World War]] were fresh in his mind.<ref name="Das 1995 908">{{cite book
| first = Sisir Kumar
| last = Das
| title = A History of Indian literature
| publisher = [[Sahitya Akademi]]
| year = 1995
| pages = 908
| isbn = 978-81-7201-798-9
}}</ref>

==Notable persons==
* [[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|Surinder Kaur]], Indian hockey player and member of the [[India women's national field hockey team|national field hockey team]]
* [[Rohit Sardana]], Indian journalist, anchor and media personality

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|File:Arjun Chowk near Brahma Sarovar - Kurukshetra.jpg
|The statue of Arjun at the Arjun Chowk.
|File:Brahma Sarovar Kurukshetra.jpg
|Brahma Sarovar
|File:Bhishma Kund-Kurukshetra.JPG
|Bhishma Kund
|File:Sannihit Sarovar.gif
|Sannahit Sarovar
|File:Sheikh Chilli Tomb, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.jpg
|Sheikh Chilli Tomb
|File:Sheikh Chilli maqbara.jpg
|Sheikh Chilli Maqbara.
|File:48 kos parikrama.jpg
|Map depicting all the ''48 kos parikrama'' sites displayed at [[Kurukshetra#Places of interest|Ban Ganga/Bhishma Kund]]
|File:Sudarshan Chakra Chowk near NIT - Kurukshetra.jpg
|Sudarshan Chakra Chowk near NIT
|File:Hitopadesha.jpg
|Bronze Chariot with Lord Krishna and Arjuna in Kurukshetra.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage}}
*{{Official website|http://kurukshetra.nic.in/}}
*[https://haryanatourism.gov.in/Kurukshetra-at-a-glance Kurukshetra] on the Tourism department website of the Haryana Government
*{{Britannica|325415}}

[[Category:Kurukshetra| ]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:History of Haryana]]
[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Shakti Peethas]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]

{{Geographic Location
|Northwest = [[Patiala]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Amritsar]]
|North = [[Ambala]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Shimla]]
|Northeast = [[Yamuna Nagar]], [[Jagadhri]], [[Dehradun]]
|West = [[Pehowa]], [[Cheeka]], [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]
|Centre = Kurukshetra city
|East = [[Ladwa]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Roorkee]]
|Southwest = [[Kaithal]], [[Jind]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]
|South = [[Karnal]], [[Panipat]], [[Sonipat]], [[New Delhi]]
|Southeast = [[Shamli]], [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Meerut]]
}}

Ambala Cantonment

2021-05-14T08:36:07Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ambala Cantonment
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nickname = Science City
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = GTRoad Ambala.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Grand Trunk Road]], at Ambala Cantonment, during British Raj
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.361915|N|76.8480778|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1843(cantonment)
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Cantonment Board Ambala
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 55,370<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800366-ambala-cantt--haryana.html|title=Ambala Cantt. City Population Census 2011 - Haryana|work=Census 2011}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |accessdate=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 1330XX
| registration_plate = HR 01, HR 85, HR 37
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ambala Cantonment''' is a [[cantonment]] town in [[Ambala district]] in the state of [[Haryana]], [[India]]. It is 200 km north of [[Delhi]] and 55 km southwest of [[Chandigarh]]. This cantonment was established in the year 1843 and is an important centre for manufacturing of scientific and surgical instruments.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
| title = Religions in Ambala Cantonment, 2011 Census data<ref name="Census2011"/>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|91.77}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|blue|4.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|2.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|red|1.26}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.28}}
| caption = Distribution of religions}}
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Ambala Cantonment had a population of 55,370. Males constitute 61% of the population and females 39%. Ambala Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 91.24%, higher than the national average of 74%; with 95.07% of the males and 85.32% of females literate. 11.41% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref name="Census2011"/>{{better source needed|reason=site not considered reliable|date=February 2019}}

==Economy==
Scientific and surgical instruments are manufactured in Ambala Cantonment.<ref name="YellowPages">[http://www.ambalayellowpages.com/about.html Ambala info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028010919/http://www.ambalayellowpages.com/about.html |date=28 October 2016 }}, yellowpages.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2019}}

==Transport==
===Railways===
[[Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station]] is a major junction. [[Delhi–Kalka line|Delhi-Kalka]] and Saharanpur-Ludhiana's railway lines pass through this junction<ref name="YellowPages"/>

===By road===
[[Grand Trunk Road|G.T. Road]] passes through Ambala Cantonment.

==Places of interest==
* [[European Cemetery]]

==Education==
Historic Colleges which were established before independence of [[India]] are also present. an example of that is [[Sanatan Dharma College]] on [[Ambala–Jagadhri Highway]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambala: Convocation |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040305/region.htm |date=5 March 2004| accessdate=6 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=S.D. College graduates get degrees|work=The Tribune, Chandigarh |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000415/haryana.htm#5 |date= 15 April 2000| accessdate=6 February 2019 }}</ref> [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala|Convent of Jesus and Mary]] is a girls' day-school in Ambala Cantonment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Divjot Kaur Jaggi a topper from Ambala Cantonment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/divjot-kaur-jaggi-a-topper-from-ambala-cantonment/articleshow/69208095.cms |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=6 May 2019}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:A Temple in Ambala.jpeg|Ambala Cantonment Temple.
File:Gurudwara Panjokhra Sahib, Haryana.jpg|Panjokhra sahib.
File:St Paul's Church Ambala Haryana - c1868.jpg|St Paul's Church before being bombed by the Pakistani Air Force in the 1965 conflict.
File:12920 (JAT-INDB) Malwa Express at Ambala Cantonment station.jpg|[[Ambala Cantonment railway station]].
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Cantonments of India]]
[[Category:Cantonments of British India]]
[[Category:Ambala]]

Kurushetra University

2021-05-14T08:25:24Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Short description|University in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Kurukshetra University
| native_name =
| image = Kurukshetra University logo.png
| logo =
| logo_size =
| motto = yogastha kuru karmāṇi
| established = {{start date|1956}}
| principal =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Haryana]]
| vice_chancellor = SN Sachdeva<ref>{{cite web|title=Statutory Officers|url=http://www.kuk.ac.in/information.php?m=Yg==&L01_id=Mw==&L01_direction=H&L02_id=MzQ=|website=www.kuk.ac.in|publisher=Kurukshetra University|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref>
| dean =
| type = [[Education]] and [[Research]]
| city = [[Kurukshetra]], [[Haryana]]
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|29.957691|N|76.815848|E|type:edu|format=dms|display=inline}}
| students =
| postgrad =
| faculty =
| free_label =
| free =
| mascot =
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| website = {{url|http://www.kuk.ac.in/}}
}}
'''Kurukshetra University''' is a university established on 11{{nbsp}}January 1956<ref name=ku>{{cite web | title = About us|publisher=Kurukshetra University | url = http://www.kuk.ac.in/information.php?m=dg==&L01_id=MQ==&L01_direction= | access-date = 2014-08-08 }}</ref> in [[Kurukshetra]] in the Indian state of [[Haryana]], {{convert|160|km}} from the capital, [[Delhi]].<ref name=toi14>{{cite web | title = Kurukshetra University declares results | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Kurukshetra-University-declares-results/articleshow/33964645.cms|date= 19 Apr 2014| access-date = 2014-08-08 | work = [[The Times of India]] }}</ref> It is a member of [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]].<ref>[http://www.acu.ac.uk/institutions/view?id=438 Kurukshetra University Info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201151808/http://www.acu.ac.uk/institutions/view?id=438 |date=1 December 2010 }} [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]].</ref> The university was the idea of the then [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] governor, Sir [[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]], a [[Sanskrit]] scholar.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070112/haryana.htm
| author = Yoginder Gupta
| title = Critical thinkers must for growth: Datta
| work = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]
| date = 2007-01-12
| access-date = 2008-11-08
}}</ref> The Department of Sanskrit was the first and the only department in the university when it was inaugurated by [[Bharat Ratna]] [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]], the first [[President of India|President of the Indian Republic]]. Its campus is spread over {{convert|473|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = A rating PU tops region in NAAC grading | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/A-rating-PU-tops-region-in-NAAC-grading/articleshow/4072099.cms |date=4 Feb 2009| access-date = 2014-08-08 | work = The Times of India}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:KU Audi.JPG|right|thumb|Auditorium of Kurukshetra University]]
The Department of Electronic Science in 2011, was awarded a {{INR Convert|2.96|c}} project on nanoscience by [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] (DST), Government of India.<ref>{{cite web | title = Kurukshetra University bags project to boost Nanoscience | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kurukshetra-University-bags-project-to-boost-Nanoscience/articleshow/7498222.cms |date=15 Feb 2011| access-date = 2014-08-08 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> In 2012, the Department of philosophy introduced an academic course on [[Gita]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Academics==

===Grading===
The university follows a weighted average pattern to calculate grades, with the 1st and 2nd semester contributing 20% to the aggregate marks and each further semester, up to the 8th, contributing 10%.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and College

| NIRF_U_2020 = 99
| NIRF_O_2020 = 150-200
}}

The university was ranked 99 among universities in India by the [[NIRF]] in 2020. It is one of the top 100 universities of India according to NIRF and at 68th position according to education world ranking 2020.

==Sports achievements==
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra has a number of achievements in sports. In 2015 the Boxing Team of Kurukshetra University won the All India Inter-University Boxing Championship among more than 100 Universities from all over India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cityairnews.com/content/aiu%E2%80%99s-all-india-inter-university-women-boxing-championship-2014-15-concluded|title=Punjab News Live, Headlines, Channel Live, Online, Live - Sikh News AIU's All India Inter University Women Boxing Championship 2014-15 concluded - City Air News|work=cityairnews.com}}</ref> All India Inter-University Boxing Championship was held at LPU, Jalandhar. Boxers from KUK won 3 Gold and 3 Bronze Medals under their boxing coach Rajesh Kumar Rajound.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabnewsexpress.com/news/38262-kurukshetra-women-win-varsities-boxing-trophy-.aspx|title=Kurukshetra women win Varsities Boxing Trophy|work=punjabnewsexpress.com|access-date=13 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413084319/http://punjabnewsexpress.com/news/38262-kurukshetra-women-win-varsities-boxing-trophy-.aspx|archive-date=13 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The University has been awarded [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy|Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy]], representing the highest award given for inter-university sports and university sportsperson performance in international and national arena by the [[Government of India]], in the year 1966–1967.<ref name="MAKA">{{cite web|title=List of winners of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy (1956-2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/MAULANA%20AZAD%20KALAM%20AZAD%20TROPHY%20%286%29_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>

==Colleges and schools==
The university has these colleges, schools and institutes:<ref>{{cite web|title=Kurukshetra University :: Kurukshetra|url=http://www.kuk.ac.in/hpcontent.php?action=hpcontent&id=Mzk=|website=www.kuk.ac.in|access-date=17 October 2017}}</ref>
* University Senior Secondary Model School
* Institute of Integrated and Honours Studies (Formerly University College)
* University College of Education
* Institute of Environmental studies
* Department of Law
* Department of Geophysics
* University School of Management
* University Institute of Engineering and Technology
* Institute of Management Studies
* Institute of Mass Communication & Media Technology

==Centre of excellence==
* '''Centre of excellence for research on [[Saraswati river]]''': [[Geologist|Geoscientific]] research on [[palaeochannel]]s & [[drainage basin]]<ref name=coe1/>
* '''Centre for advance research in [[Seismology|earthquake studies]]''': [[Seismic hazard]] map and 24x7 [[earthquake prediction|seismic monitoring]] of Haryana<ref name=coe1/>
* '''Centre for [[Applied science#Branches of applied science|applied]] [[biology]] in [[Environmental science|environment sciences]]''': Research on [[climate change]] and [[Pollution#Environment|pollution]]<ref name=coe1/>
* '''Centre for information technology and automation''': Research on [[big data]] and [[business analytics]]<ref name=coe1/>
* '''Centre for [[Advanced Materials|advanced material research]]''': [[Focused ion beam|Ion beam centre]] to research on [[Functional group|functional molecules]], [[optical materials]] and [[nanomaterials|nanostructures]]<ref name=coe1>p [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/ku-to-get-rs-100-cr-from-centre/690509.html KU Gets 100 crore for CoE], The Tribune, 2018.</ref>

=== Affiliated colleges ===
The university has 457 affiliated colleges and institutes.<ref name=ku/> Notable examples include:
* [[E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research]]
* [[Government Engineering College, Nilokheri]]
* [[Jind Institute of Engineering and Technology]]
* Karnal Institute of Technology and Management, Karnal
* [[Shri Krishan Institute Of Engineering & Technology]]
* [[JMIT]]

==See also==
* [[State University of Performing And Visual Arts]]
* [[State Institute of Film and Television]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.kuk.ac.in/}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kurukshetra University| ]]
[[Category:Universities in Haryana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in East Punjab]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy]]

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-14T08:21:44Z

Nghhrs:

{{Infobox person
|image=Rahul_Megh_Arya.jpg
|image_caption=Rahul Megh Arya
|nickname=Rahul
|native_name_lang=Hindi
|birth_name=Rahul
|birth_place=[[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]
|birth_date=1997/06/17
|nationality=Indian
|citizenship=India
|height=5.3 feet
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2015
|known_for=Rahul Megh Arya
|home_town=Shahzadpur,Haryana,India
|title=
|parents=Ramesh Chand(Father) Sunita Rani ( Mother)
|website=https://facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial
|name=Rahul Megh Arya
|criminal_charge=
|partner=
|mother=Sunita Rani
|father=Ramesh Chand
}}
'''Rahul Megh Arya'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Punjab Keasri |title=Rahul Megh Arya Punjab Keasri |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-becomes-a-full-package-of-entertainment-1100359 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Punjab Keasri}}</ref> (born 17 June 1997 at [[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]). He is one of the popular Tik-Tok <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Hans India |title=Rahul Megh Arya TikTok Sensation|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-complete-package-for-your-daily-entertainment-needs-594073 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Hans India}}</ref>and Like star known for his videos and modeling at exotic locations. The actor <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=IBT |title=Tik Tok Star Rahul Megh Arya Is Gearing Up For His Bollywood Debut |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-gearing-his-bollywood-debut-811026 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=IBT}}</ref> came to limelight with Tik-Tok and Youtube where people loved his intense, funny and romantic acting. He has a huge fan following <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Daily Hunt |title=Rahul Megh Arya News|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/tiktok+sensation+rahul+megh+arya+is+the+complete+package+for+your+daily+entertainment+needs-newsid-156511510 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref> from across the world. The actor has gained huge popularity in a short period of time and holds great future ahead in the industry.

==Career==
'''Rahul Megh Arya''' is an actor, model and Director <ref>{{cite news|last1=News |first1=Yahoo News |title=TikTok Sensation Rahul Megh Arya |url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-180329084.html |accessdate=12 May 2021}}</ref> .He is primarily known for his amazing Tik-Tok videos. The actor has thousands of followers on Instagram. He is one of the most loving online model and actor who rose to fame with Tik-Tok and YouTube <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Cine talker |title=TikTok star Rahul Megh Arya is the ‘dream man’ of every girl!! |url=https://www.cinetalkers.com/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-dream-man-of-every-girl/ |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Cine talker}}</ref>.

==External Links==
[https://instagram.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Instagram]]

[https://www.facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Facebook]]

[https://www.tiktok.com/@rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[TikTok App]]
 

==References==
<references />

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-14T08:20:24Z

Nghhrs: Nghhrs moved page Draft:Rahul Megh Arya to Rahul Megh Arya: Fixed

{{AfC submission|||ts=20210508135136|u=Nghhrs|ns=118}}
{{Infobox person
|image=Rahul_Megh_Arya.jpg
|image_caption=Rahul Megh Arya
|nickname=Rahul
|native_name_lang=Hindi
|birth_name=Rahul
|birth_place=[[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]
|birth_date=1997/06/17
|nationality=Indian
|citizenship=India
|height=5.3 feet
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2015
|known_for=Rahul Megh Arya
|home_town=Shahzadpur,Haryana,India
|title=
|parents=Ramesh Chand(Father) Sunita Rani ( Mother)
|website=https://facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial
|name=Rahul Megh Arya
|criminal_charge=
|partner=
|mother=Sunita Rani
|father=Ramesh Chand
}}
'''Rahul Megh Arya'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Punjab Keasri |title=Rahul Megh Arya Punjab Keasri |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-becomes-a-full-package-of-entertainment-1100359 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Punjab Keasri}}</ref> (born 17 June 1997 at [[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]). He is one of the popular Tik-Tok <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Hans India |title=Rahul Megh Arya TikTok Sensation|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-complete-package-for-your-daily-entertainment-needs-594073 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Hans India}}</ref>and Like star known for his videos and modeling at exotic locations. The actor <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=IBT |title=Tik Tok Star Rahul Megh Arya Is Gearing Up For His Bollywood Debut |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-gearing-his-bollywood-debut-811026 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=IBT}}</ref> came to limelight with Tik-Tok and Youtube where people loved his intense, funny and romantic acting. He has a huge fan following <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Daily Hunt |title=Rahul Megh Arya News|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/tiktok+sensation+rahul+megh+arya+is+the+complete+package+for+your+daily+entertainment+needs-newsid-156511510 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref> from across the world. The actor has gained huge popularity in a short period of time and holds great future ahead in the industry.

==Career==
'''Rahul Megh Arya''' is an actor, model and Director <ref>{{cite news|last1=News |first1=Yahoo News |title=TikTok Sensation Rahul Megh Arya |url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-180329084.html |accessdate=12 May 2021}}</ref> .He is primarily known for his amazing Tik-Tok videos. The actor has thousands of followers on Instagram. He is one of the most loving online model and actor who rose to fame with Tik-Tok and YouTube <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Cine talker |title=TikTok star Rahul Megh Arya is the ‘dream man’ of every girl!! |url=https://www.cinetalkers.com/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-dream-man-of-every-girl/ |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Cine talker}}</ref>.

==External Links==
[https://instagram.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Instagram]]

[https://www.facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Facebook]]

[https://www.tiktok.com/@rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[TikTok App]]
 

==References==
<references />

Panjab University

2021-05-14T08:12:20Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Short description|Public university in Chandigarh, India}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[University of the Punjab]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan}}
{{Other uses|Punjab University (disambiguation){{!}}Punjab University}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Panjab University
| image = Seal_Panjab_University.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of Panjab University
| motto =
| mottoeng = Lead us into the Light from Darkness
| established = {{Start date and age|14 October 1882}}
| type = [[public university|Public]]
| location = Sector 14 and Sector 25 [[Chandigarh, India]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] {{convert|550|acre|km2}}
| chancellor = [[Vice-President of India]]
| head_label =
| head =
| vice_chancellor = Raj Kumar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/new-vice-chancellor-of-punjab-university-prof-raj-kumar-takes-charge-5272348/|title=New Vice-Chancellor of Punjab University Professor Raj Kumar takes charge|date=2018-07-24|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
| faculty = 997<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| students = 18,409<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2020 |url=https://iqac.puchd.ac.in/docs/2020/20200106130328-overall-panjabuniversity20200106-.pdf |publisher=Panjab University}}</ref>
| undergrad = 9,932<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 5,972<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 2,505<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| city =
| mascot =
| colours = {{color box|red}}
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]], [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]]
| free_label =
| free =
| website = {{URL|puchd.ac.in/}}
| logo = PanjabUniversity.svg
}}
'''Panjab University''' ('''PU''') is a [[Collegiate university|collegiate]] [[Central University (India)|central university]] located in [[Chandigarh, India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh-s-sector-14-a-long-way-from-lahore/story-GlDKZtA8v0YgKj5vxwxxqM.html|title=Chandigarh’s Sector 14: A long way from Lahore|date=2018-07-11|work=hindustan times|access-date=2018-07-26|language=en}}</ref> Originated in 1882 as the [[University of the Punjab]] [[Lahore]], the university was formed as an effect of Hunter education committee (1882-83)
during the time of [[British Raj]]. It was relocated in Chandigarh in the year 1947 as the East Panjab University after the [[partition of India]], where the university was split between India and Pakistan.

The university has 78 teaching and research departments and 10 centres/chairs for teaching and research at the main campus located at Chandigarh. It has 188 affiliated colleges spread over the eight districts of Punjab state and union-territory of Chandigarh, with Regional Centres at [[Muktsar]], [[Ludhiana]] and [[Hoshiarpur]] cities in Punjab state.<ref>{{cite web | last=Service | first=Tribune News | title=3,872 appear for LLB entrance at PU | website=The Tribune | date=26 August 2015 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/3-872-appear-for-llb-entrance-at-pu/96994.html | access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated Colleges of PU|url=http://dcdc.puchd.ac.in/affiliateColleges.aspx|url-status=live|website=puchd.ac.in}}</ref> It is one of the most well ranked universities in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/panjab-university-overtakes-iits-jnu-in-ranking/article5422625.ece|title=Panjab University overtakes IITs, JNU in ranking|last=Joshua|first=Anita|date=2013-12-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The campus is residential, spread over {{convert|550|acre|km2}} in sector 14 and 25 of the city of Chandigarh. The main administrative and academic buildings are located in sector 14, beside a health centre, a sports complex, hostels and residential housing.<ref name="Vibhor MohanVibhor Mohan 2013">{{cite web | last=Vibhor MohanVibhor Mohan | first=TNN | title='Preserve Chandigarh's rich urban and architectural legacy' | website=The Times of India | date=15 July 2013 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Preserve-Chandigarhs-rich-urban-and-architectural-legacy/articleshow/21077306.cms | access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Panjab_University_1989_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|Panjab University featured on a 1989 stamp of India.]]
The present-day Panjab University traces its roots to the [[University of the Punjab]] established on 14 October 1882 at [[Lahore]] (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]). Most of the colleges affiliated to [[University of the Punjab]] were in the present Indian part of [[British India]].

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the university was split into two for [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]]. A new university was then established/relocated in the [[Punjab, India]] in 1947. To distinguish the two, the name of the university on the Indian side, the spelling for 'Punjab' was changed to Panjab. After 1947<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/StateUniv_total.pdf|title=UGC State Universities|publisher=University Grants Commission|date=27 May 2011|access-date=25 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515161533/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/StateUniv_total.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> the university had no campus of its own for nearly a decade. The administrative office was in [[Solan district|Solan]] and the teaching departments functioned from Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Delhi, and Amritsar.

In 1956 the university was relocated to Chandigarh, on a red sandstone campus designed by [[Pierre Jeanneret]] under the guidance of [[Le Corbusier]]. Until the re-organisation of Punjab in 1966, the university had its regional centres at [[Rohtak]], [[Shimla]], [[Jalandhar]] and its affiliated colleges were in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and U.T. of Chandigarh. With the re-organisation of Punjab, the university became an Inter-State Body Corporate catering to the newly organised state of Punjab and union-territory of Chandigarh.

==Campus==
The University's chequerboard layout was devised by Swiss-French Architect Pierre Jeanneret.

The main campus at Chandigarh is spread over 550 acres in sectors 14 and 25, the teaching area is in the north-east, with the Central Library, Fine Arts Museum, and three-winged structure of the Gandhi Bhawan forming its core; the sports complex, the health centre, the dolphinarium, student centre and the shopping centre in the middle; 16 university hostel and residential area in the south-east, stretching into the adjacent sector 25 which also houses the University Institute of Engineering and Technology and Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of dental Sciences and Hospital, UIAMS, and Institute of Biological sciences.

===Halls of residence===
There are eighteen hostels on the campus including eight hostels for men and eleven women hostels including a Working Women Hostel. A Sports Hostel has been built for visiting sports teams. Two more hostels are under construction, one each for boys and girls. There is one International hostel also. All the NRI/Foreign national girls students are accommodated there.<ref>http://hostels.puchd.ac.in/hostel-handbook-2019.pdf</ref>

===Health services===
The University Health Centre offers consultancy, clinical and emergency services. There are five full-time doctors, including one medical specialist, one surgical specialist and one dental specialist. Part-time consultants include a gynaecologist, a paediatrician, a radiologist, an eye specialist, an Ayurvedic doctor and two general physicians. They are supported by a paramedical staff.

Beside regular consultancy, medicines and emergency attention, employees and students have access to facilities like the clinical tests, ECG, X-Ray, ultrasonic treatment, diathermy and Yoga. The centre runs a Family Welfare Clinic with facilities of family planning, vaccination and immunisation of children (DPT, Polio and BCG). From time to time the Health Centre launches health awareness drives through lectures, film shows and workshops.

===Sports===
The University has playgrounds, a gymnasium and a swimming pool for its sports activities. The Directorate of Sports organises about 70 Inter-College and four to five Inter-University Competitions every year. The Directorate of Sports participates in 62 games both for men and women in the Inter-University Competitions and arranges training camps in these games under the supervision of expert coaches. The University has been awarded [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy|Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy]] fifteen times, the latest being in the year 2020. MAKA Trophy represents the highest award given for inter-university sports and university sportsperson performance in international and national arena by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="MAKA">{{cite web|title=List of winners of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy (1956-2018)|url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/MAULANA%20AZAD%20KALAM%20AZAD%20TROPHY%20%286%29_0_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|access-date=8 October 2020}}
*{{cite press_release|title=National Sports Awards -2019 announced
|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1582410|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=8 October 2020|date=20 August 2019}}
*{{cite press_release|title=National Sports Awards 2020 announced
|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1647633|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=8 October 2020|date=21 August 2020}}
</ref>
[[File:Gandhi Bhawan at Punjab University.jpg|thumb|[[Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh|Gandhi Bhawan]]]]
[[File:Chandigarh Museum.jpg|thumb|Fine Arts museum, Chandigarh]]

===Gandhi Bhawan===
'''The Gandhi Bhawan''' is a major landmark of the city of [[Chandigarh]]. Designed by the architect [[Pierre Jeanneret]], a cousin of [[Le Corbusier]], it is an auditorium hall that sits in the middle of a pond of water. Today it also houses a collection of books on [[Gandhi]].

===The Student Centre===
The Student Centre, popularly known as StuC, is a major landmark of the city of [[Chandigarh]] and hub for student activities. It was inaugurated in 1975. It houses the office of the university students' council. There used to be a cafeteria called Indian Coffee House with a panoramic view on the top floor of the centre but now it has shut down its operations.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/education/punjab-universitys-indian-coffee-house-bids-farewell-5809998/</ref> Besides this various events and plays are performed in the Student Centre.

===Library===
The Central Library is named after its late Vice-Chancellor of the University, [[A C Joshi|Prof. A.C. Joshi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A C Joshi Library |url=https://library.puchd.ac.in/ |website=Panjab University |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> It is located near the student centre.<ref>http://library.puchd.ac.in/</ref> It was designed by Swiss architect [[Pierre Jeanneret]]. The foundation stone of the Library was laid in 1958 by [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Dr. S. Radhakrishnan]], the then Vice-President of India, and it was formally inaugurated in 1963 by the then Prime Minister of India [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.puchd.ac.in/|title=University Library |publisher= Panjab University}}</ref> With a collection of 6,70,000 titles, it is one of the largest libraries in North India.

===Museums===
The university has four museums, and the Department of Indian theatre has its own theatre lab. The university has a botanical garden and a garden of medicinal plants on the campus.

====The Museum of Fine Arts====
The Museum of Fine Arts houses the early works of almost all of the major artists of modern India. The collection was created through the initiative of the art historian [[B. N. Goswamy]]. Originally, the building was supposed to house the collection of archaeological artefacts that had been discovered by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology. Today the museum of AIHC&A is housed in a modern annexe adjacent to the Fine Arts Museum.

==Organization and administration==
===Governance===
The day-to-day functioning of the University is headed by [[Vice Chancellor]] Raj Kumar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/pu-is-now-my-university-says-v-c-raj-kumar/story-b2kwUx6BTg8wAn6ZdkcwEN.html|title=PU is now my university, but he does not responsible enough to take the load of not being provided with the Original Marks cards to students through 1968-1973 of all residential departments of the said university. We students are left high and dry by this attitude. We want to know what does V-C Raj Kumar has to say to that|date=2018-07-24|work=hindustan times|access-date=2018-07-26|language=en}}</ref> The office of Dean of University Instruction (DUI) is the academic head of Panjab University and its Regional Centres.

=== Faculties ===

* '''Faculty of Engineering and Technology'''
[[File:UIET New Block.jpg|right|thumb|UIET Building]]

* [[University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University|University Institute of Engineering and Technology]] (UIET) is an on campus engineering institute. It offers undergraduate [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech.]] , postgraduate [[Master of Technology|M.Tech.]] and doctoral [[Doctor of Technology|D.Tech.]] courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uiet.puchd.ac.in/Acad_Courses.aspx |title=University Institute of Engineering & Technology |work=uiet.puchd.ac.in |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326014323/http://uiet.puchd.ac.in/Acad_Courses.aspx |archive-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:CCET New Building.jpg|right|thumb|CCET Building]]
* [[Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology]] (CCET) is an engineering & technology institute of Panjab University. It offers undergraduate ([[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech.]]) and doctoral ([[Doctor of Technology|D.Tech.]]) courses. Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (CCET) is under the administrative control of the Chandigarh Administration. Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh(CCET), formerly known as Central Polytechnic Chandigarh (CPC), was established in 1959 (which offered Diploma Courses in Engineering).
* [[University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University|University Institute for Chemical Engineering and Technology (UICET)]], originally called the department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, UICET came out of a demand to make the sciences of direct use to society. The department was disrupted during the partition of India when most of the faculty and students chose to come to India. For a few years it was housed in Delhi. Then in 1958, it shifted to its present premises in Chandigarh. In collaboration with Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. Professor R. E. Peck from IIT Chicago joined as the first Head. Over the years the department evolved into the University Institute for Chemical Engineering and Technology. In 1983, an Energy Research Institute was added within the UICET building to promote R&D in the field of renewable energy.

UICET is one of the regional centres of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2008 was the Golden Jubilee year of the institute. As part of the celebrations, the institute hosted CHEMCON-2008, the 61st annual session of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, which also included a joint US-India Conference on Energy.

* [[Panjab University Swami Sarvanand Giri Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur]] is an integral part of Panjab University acting as Regional Centre located at Hoshiarpur, started in 2006.

* '''Faculty of Law'''
The university has two departments for teaching law. The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) has ranked Faculty of Law, Panjab University 15 in the National Law Rankings 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/LawRanking.html|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref>

* Department of Law offers two courses:
** Degree of [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]], a three-year course, the eligibility for admission is graduation degree in any stream, with a minimum 45% marks.
** Degree in [[Master of Laws|LL.M]], a one-year course, which is offered after completion of [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]].

The department conducts a separate admission test, for both the courses, on the pattern of the Union Public Service Commission.

*The University Institute of Legal Studies was established as a separate department in 2004.

The institute offers [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]/[[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B(Hons.)]] and [[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com]]./[[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B (Hons.)]] five-years integrated courses, and has three hundred and sixty seats. This institute has been a partner institute for [[Surana and Surana Moots|Surana & Surana National Trial Advocacy Moot Court Competition]].

* '''Faculty of Business Management and Commerce'''
* '''<big>''University Business School''</big>''' imparts commerce and business management education. The '''Department of Commerce and Business Management''' was rechristened into '''University Business School (UBS)''' in 1995. The department offers various courses such as [[Master of Commerce|M.Com]] (Honours) , [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] (Commerce and Business Management) , [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] (General), [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] (Entrepreneurship), [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] (Human Resource Management), [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] (International Business) and [[Master of Business Administration|Executive M.B.A]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ubs.puchd.ac.in/show-courses.php|title=Courses at UBS|website=Panjab University|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[University Institute of Applied Management Sciences]] was started in 2008 by the Faculty of Business Management & Commerce, PU, Chandigarh. It is housed in ''Panjab University-South Campus'', Sector 25. UIAMS offers [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] course in industry ready sectoral areas and streams with specialization in functional areas like Marketing, Finance, Human Resources and Operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uiams.puchd.ac.in/index.php|title=About - University Institute of Applied Management Sciences Panjab University Chandigarh India|website=uiams.puchd.ac.in|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]] at UIAMS Chandigarh is a two-year course.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/pumet/1/568263.html|title=PU-MET 2016: Exam on March 12 : Notification|last=Delhi|first=IndiaToday.in New|date=12 January 2016|website=IndiaToday|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref> Students are given training offers with stipend by various leading companies during the course.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Rise-in-training-stipend-for-students/articleshow/10575072.cms|title=Rise in training stipend for students|last=Miglani|first=Neha|date=2 November 2011|website=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref> UIAMS graduates tend to benefit from good job placements in major companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Placement-cheer-at-UIAMS/articleshow/8562000.cms|title=Placement cheer at UIAMS|last=TN|first=N|date=25 May 2011|website=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100331/cth1.htm|title=Placements back to cheer students|date=31 March 2010|website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/at-panjab-university-four-departments-record-maximum-number-of-placements/|title=At Panjab University, four departments record maximum number of placements|date=15 February 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Panjab-University-students-hope-to-cash-in-on-campus-placements/articleshow/23230954.cms|title=Panjab University students hope to cash in on campus placements|last=Kachhava|first=Priyanka|date=29 September 2013|website=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref>
* '''University Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management (UIHTM) -''' An institute of the Panjab University, offers education, training, research and consultancy in the field of hospitality, tourism, travel and allied sectors. This institute was established in the year 2009 under the faculty of Business Management and Commerce.

===Constituent Colleges===
* Baba Balraj Panjab University Constituent College, Balachaur (SBS Nagar)
* Panjab University Constituent College, Mokham Khan Wala (Ferozepur)
* Panjab University Constituent College, Nihalsingh Wala (Moga)
* Panjab University Constituent College, Dharamkot (Moga)
* Panjab University Constituent College, Sikhwala (Sri Muktsar Sahib)
* Saheed Udham Singh Panjab University Constituent College, Guru Har Sahai (Ferozpur)

===Regional Centres===
* Panjab University Regional Centre – Ludhiana
* Panjab University Regional Centre – Muktsar
* [[Panjab University Swami Sarvanand Giri Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur]]
* Panjab University Rural Centre [[Kauni]]

==Academics==
===Departments and courses===
The university comprises of 78 departments, 15 centres/chairs on the campus and six Constituent Colleges located at Sikhwala (Sri Muktsar Sahib), Balachaur (SBS Nagar), Nihalsingh Wala (Moga), Dharamkot (Moga), Mokham Khan Wala (Ferozepur) and Guru Harsahai (Ferozepur) and one rural regional centre. Three regional centres are grouped under the faculties of Arts, Science, Languages, Law, Education, Design and Fine Arts, Business Management and Commerce, Engineering and Technology, Hotel Management and Tourism, Medical Sciences, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://puchd.ac.in/pu-administration2.php|title=Deans and Secretaries of Faculties - Panjab University, Chandigarh, India|website=puchd.ac.in|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> There are also departments of Evening Studies and Distance Learning. Most departments have their own libraries.<ref>{{cite web | title=Moolah beckons varsity students | website=Tribune News Service | date=2018-05-19 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/moolah-beckons-varsity-students/591453.html | access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> The Faculty of Languages also has courses in foreign languages. The Department of Chinese and Tibetan languages runs 7 courses. One in Buddhist Studies and three each in Tibetan and Chin. beside providing research guidance in Buddhist Studies.

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = 
| QS_W_2021 = 1001+
| QS_A_2020 = 291-300
| QS_BRICS_2019 = 195
| THE_W_2020=601-800
| THES_A_2020=149
| THES_E_2020=166
| NIRF_O_2020 = 44
| WEEK_U_2019 = 13
| OUTLOOK_U_2020 = 21
| NIRF_U_2020 = 26
| NIRF_E_2020 = 72
| NIRF_L_2020=15
| NIRF_B_2020=42
| NIRF_P_2020=2
| NIRF_D_2020 = 28
}}
The [[QS World University Rankings]] rankings ranked it 291–300 in Asia in 2020<ref name=Rankings_QS_A_2020/> and 195 among [[BRICS]] nations in 2019.<ref name=Rankings_QS_BRICS_2019/> It was ranked 601–800 in the world by the Times World University Rankings of 2020,<ref name=Rankings_THE_W_2020/> 149 in Asia<ref name=Rankings_THES_A_2020/> and 166 among Emerging Economies University Rankings in 2020.<ref name=Rankings_THES_E_2020/>

In India, the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements by the Ministry of Human Resource Development has ranked Panjab University 10 overall in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARIIA - Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements|url=https://www.ariia.gov.in/Ranking2019Public.html|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.ariia.gov.in}}</ref> The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) has ranked Panjab University 44th overall in 2020,<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_O_2020/> 26th among universities,<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2020/> 72nd in the engineering ranking,<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_E_2020/> 42 in the management ranking<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_B_2020/> and second in India in the pharmacy ranking.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_P_2020/>

==Research ==
===ICSSR===
The [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] has set up its North-Western Regional Centre on the campus. The centre runs a library, a seminar complex and a guest house for visiting scholars under its study-grants programme.

=== Institute of Social Science Education and Research ===
Institute of Social Science Education and Research (commonly known as ISSER or PU-ISSER) is a [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts institution]] and a constituent department of the Panjab University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isser.puchd.ac.in/|title=Institute of Social Science Education and Research Panjab University Chandigarh India|website=isser.puchd.ac.in|access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> The institute offers a five-year integrated, honour-school [[Master of Arts|Masters of Arts]] degree in the [[Social science|Social Sciences]].

===Research facilities===
The university has been recognised by the UGC as the "University with Potential for Excellence in Bio-Medical Sciences" with facilities for Stem Cell Research and Drug Development.

The university is one of six centres in the country for super-computing facilities to serve the north-western region in Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), DST. The government of India has identified the university as a Special Centre. The university provides internet connection for more than 1800 terminals for the use of faculty members and students. All the buildings of the University including hostels are connected through ATM and Gigabit technology.

The university has a DST supported Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre along with a Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL) and a University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC) to serve the scientific community on the campus and in the region. The Centre for Industry Institute Partnership Programme (CIIPP) promotes the academic-industry interface.

====Energy Research Centre====
The Energy Research Centre was established in 1983 at Panjab University to promote R&D and Extension activities in Renewable Energy. The Energy Research Centre is the only R&D centre in the country designated as a Nodal Agency for the implementation of the programmes of MNES.

The centre has been designated as a regional test centre for testing solar thermal equipment by MNES. The Bureau of Indian Standard has approved the centre for testing wood-burning stoves. The centre has provided consultancy to countries in the Asia-Pacific region such as the Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Kiribati and Tuvalu, in the area of renewable energy sources, energy management and environmental protection. The centre has helped the states of Haryana, Panjab and Himachal Pradesh in solving problems associated with energy planning, management and environmental protection.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

The centre has done work on solar thermal energy storage, solar detoxification, biomethanation of agricultural/industrial/forest wastes, biomass combustion and gasification, indoor air quality, energy and environmental conservation and management, and hydrodynamics of polymeric solutions. The Energy Research Centre has professional contacts with universities such as the [[University of Florida]], the [[University of Cincinnati]], SRI International USA, and [[Lakehead University]] in Canada. The centre has helped the states of [[Haryana]], Punjab and [[Himachal Pradesh]], U.T. Chandigarh, J&K State, and the North-Eastern states in solving problems associated with energy planning and management and Environmental protection.

====LHC project====
The university has participated in the project called International Collaboration for Research for Elementary Particles and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [[CERN]], Geneva CMS Experiment with a Government of India grant of Rs. 24.9 million.

==Student life==
===Cultural events===
"Cyanide" is the annual festival of DCET/UICET. The festival is often host to star performers, DJ nights and other events. Tatva is the student magazine of DCET/UICET. There is an annual debate competition called the Polemic. Aavishkar was the technical fest of UIET until 2013. Goonj is the techno-cultural fest and Umang is the annual sports fest of UIET.<ref>{{cite web| title= Cyanide - Let's Explode| url=https://www.thecollegefever.com/college-concert/cyanideuicet}}</ref>

Panjab University is active on social media websites such as [[Facebook]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140613/cth1.htm#20|title=PU joins Facebook’s Ivy League|website=The Tribune India|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> [[Twitter]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialPU|title=Panjab University (@OfficialPU) on Twitter|website=twitter.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> and [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/chandigarh/panjab-university-strengthens-its-online-reach/articleshow/64017895.cms|title=Panjab University strengthens its online reach with official Instagram account @officialpu.india|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-27}}</ref>

===Student council===
{{Main|Panjab University Campus Students Council}}
[[File: StuC PU.jpg|thumb|Student Centre, Panjab University]]
The office of the [[Panjab University Campus Students Council]] (PUCSC) is located in the student centre. The student centre is the hub of students' activities – academic, cultural, social and political – besides being a favourite eating and hanging out zone for students. The Students' Council consists of the departmental representatives and other office bearers i.e. President, Vice-President, Secretary and Joint-Secretary directly elected by the students from the various teaching departments on the campus. The Dean Student Welfare is ''ex officio'' Chairman of the council.

The Students' Council organises youth festivals, both national and international, academic debates, literary and cultural events and educational tours, besides looking after the interests of the students in general. In 2015, in a referendum by University, students voted for vehicle free campus in academic areas.<ref name="Service 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/ban-e-or-boon/129129.html|title=Ban(e) or boon?|last=Service|first=Tribune News|date=6 September 2015|website=The Tribune|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="TNN 2015">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/PU-students-vote-out-cars-from-campus/articleshow/48836153.cms|title=PU students vote out cars from campus|author=TNN|date=5 September 2015|website=The Times of India|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{Main|List of Panjab University people}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Panjab University| ]]
[[Category:1882 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1882]]
[[Category:State universities in India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy]]

Gian Chand Gupta

2021-05-14T08:01:04Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gian Chand Gupta
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =Gian_Chand_Gupta.jpg
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Speaker of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Panchkula (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchkula]]
| term = 4 November 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| residence =
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1948|5|25}}
| father = Late Shri Ram Sarup
| mother = Late Smt. Parvati Devi
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
}}
'''Gian Chand Gupta''' is incumbent Speaker of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] representing the [[Panchkula (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchkula constituency]] in [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=826 |title=Haryana Vidhan Sabha MLA |publisher=haryanaassembly.gov.in}}</ref>

On 4 November 2019, he was unanimously elected the Speaker of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[https://www.news18.com/amp/news/politics/bjps-gian-chand-gupta-unanimously-elected-speaker-of-haryana-assembly-2373433.html BJP's Gian Chand Gupta unanimously elected Speaker of Haryana assembly.]</ref>

==Political career==
State President B.J.P State Chandigarh (U.T.) during 1991-92, 1993-95, 1995-97,
Mayor, Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh (U.T.) from 23.12.1997 to 23.12.1998
State Treasurer, Bhartiya Janata Party, Haryana Pradesh during 2002-2005, 2009-2012.
State Vice President, Bhartiya Janata Party 2006-2008, Haryana State.
State Convener “Ajeewan Sahyog Nidhi” Haryana Pradesh
Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Haryana Vidhan Sabha from 24.04.2015 to 26.10.2019.
Government Chief Whip, Haryana from 08.03.2016 to 26.10.2019.
Presently; Speaker, Haryana Legislative Assembly since 4th November, 2019
He is mla from panchkula city
He belongs to BJP bhartiya janta party
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Gian Chand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Panchkula]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Bhupinder Singh Hooda

2021-05-14T07:57:02Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician and Former Chief Minister of Haryana}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bhupinder Singh Hooda
| image = File:Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png
| caption =
| office = [[List of current Indian opposition leaders|Leader of the Opposition]] in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 4 September 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Abhay Singh Chautala]]
| successor =
| office2 = 9th [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
| term_start2 = 5 March 2005
| term_end2 = 26 October 2014
| predecessor2 = [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| successor2 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| office3 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start5 = February 2000
| term_end5 = May 2004
| constituency5 = [[Kiloyi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
| predecessor5 = Shri Krishan Hooda
| successor5 = Shri Krishan Hooda
| term_start4 = June 2005
| term_end4 = October 2009
| constituency4 = [[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
| predecessor4 = Shri Krishan Hooda
| successor4 = ''Constituency renamed as [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]] after delimitation''
| office5 =
| term_start3 = 22 October 2009
| term_end3 =
| constituency3 = [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]]
| predecessor3 = Position established ''{{small|Himself as MLA of [[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]}}''
| successor3 =
| office6 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start6 = June 1991
| term_end6 = October 1999
| constituency6 = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| predecessor6 = [[Devi Lal]]
| successor6 = Inder Singh
| term_start7 = May 2004
| term_end7 = June 2005
| constituency7 = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| predecessor7 = Inder Singh
| successor7 = [[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Sanghi, [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[East Punjab]], India
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1972 – ''present'')
| spouse = {{Marriage|Asha Dahiya|1976}}
| children = 2, including [[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
| father = [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]]
| alma_mater = [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]], [[Panjab University]]
}}

'''Bhupinder Singh Hooda''' (born 15 September 1947) is an [[Indian National Congress]] politician who is the current [[Leader of the Opposition]] in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]. He also served as the [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] from 2005 to 2014.

When he began a second term in [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|October 2009]] after leading the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] to an election victory, it was the first time since 1972 that a Haryana electorate returned a ruling party back to power. Hooda is also a Member of the Bar Council of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and Haryana. In 2010, Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] constituted the Working Group on Agriculture Production under Hooda's chairmanship to recommend strategies and action plan for increasing agricultural production and productivity, including long-term policies to ensure sustained agricultural growth.

==Early life==
Bhupinder Singh Hooda was born to Chaudhary [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] and Har Devi Hooda at the Sanghi village in [[Rohtak district]] of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsL-7mlzEY8C&q=bhupinder+singh+hooda+jat&pg=PA141|title=Communal Crimes and National Integration: A Socio-legal Study|first=Praveen Kumar|last=Chaudhary|date=12 February 2011|publisher=Readworthy|access-date=12 February 2020|via=Google Books|isbn=9789350180402}}</ref><ref name="Som"/> His father [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] was a renowned freedom fighter.<ref name="Som">{{Cite web|url=http://sompatidar.blogspot.com/2010/02/freedom-fighters-pay-tribute-to.html|title=Som Patidar: Freedom Fighters Pay Tribute to Chaudhary Ranbir Singh|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>

He is an alumnus of [[Sainik School, Balachadi]], Jamnagar, Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=35950 |title=Public Information Bureau release on balachadi Sainik School}}</ref> He did his B.A. at [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]] after which he pursued law from the prestigious [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]. He started his political career from Youth Congress.

==Political career==
Chaudhry Bhupinder Singh Hooda was elected as a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]] from [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak Lok Sabha]] segment for four terms in 1991, 1996, 1998, 2004. He also remained the Leader of Opposition in Haryana's Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2004. He also served as the President of HPCC (Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee) from 1996 to 2001. In three consecutive Lok Sabha elections of 1991, 96 & 98, he defeated Ch. [[Devi Lal]] in electoral battles fought in the Jat heartland of Rohtak in Haryana.
He attended international Conferences like World Youth Festival in USSR, World Parliamentary Conference in China, International Conference in USSR as a delegate of AICC and OISCA and International Conferences in Japan and South Korea.

He is also President, All India Young Farmers' Association, Haryana ; Ex-Member, Market Committee, Rohtak; Director, Bank of India, 1989–92; Secretary, Farmers' Parliamentary Forum, 1991 onwards; Founder-Member and Working President of All India Freedom Fighters' Successors' Organisation; Working President, National Federation Railway Porters, Vendors and Bearers. Elected as a President for the Khadi & Village Industries Commission Employees Union & Patron for the National Khadi & Village Industries Board's Employees Federation – an apex body of all State K&V.I Board's Employees Unions.

To encourage youngsters to pick up Olympic sports, Hooda announced a cash award of Rs 25 million for the state athletes who would win gold medal in any discipline at the London Games. Cash prize money of Rs 15 million and Rs 10 million for silver and bronze medal winners has also been announced.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/news/Rs-2-5-Crore-for-gold-medal-in-Olympics-Haryana-CM/articleshow/15163327.cms|title=Rs 2.5 Crore for gold medal in Olympics: Haryana CM
|date= 27 July 2012 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref> Hooda has come under the scanner of the CBI for alleged misappropriation of funds and scams.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/cbi-names-bhupinder-singh-hooda-main-conspirator-in-rs-1000-crore-manesar-land-scam-5070604/|title=CBI names Bhupinder Singh Hooda main conspirator in Rs 1000 crore Manesar land scam|date=20 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|access-date=25 February 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2019, CBI's preliminary inquiry (PE) has revealed that Hooda and TC Gupta, a 1987 batch IAS officer and the then head of the town and planning department, allegedly hatched a criminal conspiracy with private builders to deliberately notify huge chunks of land in various sectors of Gurgaon for acquisition for public purpose. This led to the landowners selling their lands at throwaway prices to private builders. But the government ended up actually acquiring only a small proportion of these notified land tracts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cbi-registers-new-case-against-ex-haryana-cm-hooda-in-land-scam-carries-out-searches-at-30-locations/articleshow/67683397.cms|title=CBI books former Haryana CM Bhupinder Singh Hooda for 'illegal' land deals|first=Raghav|last=Ohri|date=26 January 2019|access-date=12 February 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Hooda married Asha Dahiya in 1976. He has two children.<ref name="Adil">{{cite news |last1=Adil |first1=Mohammad |title=Bhupinder Singh Hooda: Will the Congress heavyweight stomp his authority in Sonipat? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/bhupinder-singh-hooda-role-in-haryana-politics-and-elections-about-bhupinder-singh-hooda-from-congress-political-career-and-history/415772 |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190524195959/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/bhupinder-singh-hooda-role-in-haryana-politics-and-elections-about-bhupinder-singh-hooda-from-congress-political-career-and-history/415772 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> His son [[Deepender Singh Hooda]] was the MP of Rohtak from 2004 to 2019.

==Positions held==
===Position held in Pradesh Congress Committee===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Post
! Tenure
|-
|1.
|Block Congress Committee, Kiloi, Haryana.
|1972-1977
|-
|2.
|1.) Senior Vice-president, Haryana Pradesh Youth Congress. 2.) Chairman of Panchayat Samiti, Rohtak. 3.) Chairman of Panchayat Parishad of Haryana.
|1980-1987
|-
|3.
|President of the [[Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee]].
|1996-2001
|-
|4.
|Chairperson, Election Management Committee.
|[[Incumbent]]
|-
|}

===Lok Sabha===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Year
! Lok Sabha
! Constituency
! Margin
! Party
|-
|1.
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|30,573.
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|2.
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|2,664.
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|3.
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|383.
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|4.
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{formatnum:150435}}.
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|}

===Haryana Legislative Assembly===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Year
! Legislative Assembly
! Constituency
! Margin
! Party
|-
|1.
|[[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|9th
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|11,958. [54% vote share]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|2.
|[[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|10th
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|{{formatnum:103635}}. [97% vote share]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|3.
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|11th
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|72,100. [80% vote share]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|4.
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|12th
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|47,185. [60% vote share]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|5.
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|13th
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|58,312. [66% vote share]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|}

===Government of Haryana===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Post
! Date Appointed
! Tenure
|-
|1.
|Leader of the Opposition
|
|2002-2004
|-
|2.
|'''[[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]'''
|'''5 March 2005'''
|'''2005-2009'''
|-
|3.
|'''[[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]'''
|'''25 October 2009'''
|'''2009-2014'''
|-
|4.
|Leader of the Opposition
|4 September 2019
|[[Incumbent]]
|-
|}

==Criticism and scam cases==
There are six CBI cases and several other vigilance department investigations against Hooda underway.<ref name=chor5>{{cite news |title=हुड्डा की घेरेबंदी में जुटी हरियाणा सरकार, दो और मामलों में सीबीआई जांच के आदेश |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/chandigarh/bhupendra-singh-hooda-to-face-cbi-probe-in-two-more-cases/articleshow/63288447.cms |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=Navbharat Times |date=13 March 2018 |language=hi}}</ref> [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] is investigating several scams, mostly related to illegal land grab, that took place during his rule in Haryana. These investigations include the Gurugram-Manesar IMT land scam, [[Robert Vadra DLF land grab scam]], [[Gurugram Rajiv Gandhi Trust land grab scam]], [[Sonepat-Kharkhoda IMT land scam case]], [[Garhi Sampla Uddar Gagan land scam]], Panchkula-HUDA Industrial plots allotment scam, [[AJL-National Herald Panchkula land grab scam]], [[Haryana Forestry scam case]] and [[Haryana Raxil drug purchase scam]]. He has been already [[chargesheet]]ed in the Manesar-Gurugram land scam, while other cases are still under investigation (c. March 2018).<ref name=chor1>{{cite news |title=CBI to probe two more Hooda govt land deals |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana/cbi-to-probe-two-more-hooda-govt-land-deals-557679 |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=Tribune |date=14 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=chor5/>

==See also==
* [[Political families of Haryana|Dynastic politics of Haryana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chaudhari Devi Lal]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] |years=1991 – 1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Inder Singh (politician)|Captain Inder Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Inder Singh (politician)|Captain Inder Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] |years=2004 – 2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Om Prakash Chautala]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of chief ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]]|years=5 March 2005 – 26 October 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hooda, Bhupinder}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:12th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:14th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:People from Rohtak district]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2005–2009]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]

Selja Kumari

2021-05-14T07:52:54Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Selja Kumari
| image = Kumari Selja.jpg
| caption = Selja in 2006
| office1 = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]]
| term_start1 = 28 May 2009
| term_end1 = 19 January 2011
| predecessor1 = [[Ambika Soni]]
| successor1 = [[Subodh Kant Sahay]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]] of [[Rajya Sabha]] for [[Haryana]]
| constituency2 = [[Haryana]]
| term_start2 = 10 April 2014
| term_end2 = 2 April 2020
| predecessor2 = [[Ram Prakash]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| successor2 = [[Deepender Singh Hooda]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]] of [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Haryana]]
| constituency3 = [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]]
| term_start3 = 17 May 2004
| term_end3 = 16 May 2014
| predecessor3 = [[Rattan Lal Kataria]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| successor3 = [[Rattan Lal Kataria]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| constituency4 = [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]]
| term_start4 = 13 March 1991
| term_end4 = 1998
| predecessor4 = Het Ram, [[Lok Dal]]
| successor4 = Sushil kumar Indora [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]]
| office = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]]
| term_start = 28 October 2012
| term_end = 28 January 2014
| predecessor = [[Meira Kumar]]
| successor = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|9|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Parbhuwala]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]] (now in [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| residence = [[Hisar, India|Hissar]], [[Haryana]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Selja Kumari''' (born 24 September 1962) is an Indian politician and former parliamentarian. A member of the [[Indian National Congress]], she has been the [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]] and [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]] in the Government of India during [[Manmohan Singh#15th Lok Sabha|Manmohan Singh's premiership]].

Selja was first elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1991 from [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]], a constituency that she retained in the [[1996 Indian general election|1996 elections]]. Following her election to the [[15th Lok Sabha]] from [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]], she was appointed the [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]]. It was during this period that Selja worked to furthering the cause of [[women's rights]] as well as the rights of marginalised communities in India.

Selja unsuccessfully contested the [[2019 Indian general election|general elections in 2019]] from Ambala, and following that made a return to state politics, being elected the president of the Haryana unit of the Congress party later that year. She was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 2014 to 2020.

==Early life==
Selja Kumari was born on 24 September 1962 in [[Parbhuwala]] Hisar to [[Chaudhary Dalbir Singh]], who was a politician from the [[Indian National Congress]]. She studied at the [[Convent of Jesus and Mary (Delhi)|Convent of Jesus and Mary, New Delhi]] and later attended the [[Panjab University, Chandigarh|Panjab University]], where she completed [[Master's degree|masters]] and an [[Master of Philosophy|advanced postgraduate degree]].<ref name="profile"/>

==Political career==
===Early career and electoral debut (1990–2003)===
Selja began her political career in the [[Mahila Congress]] becoming its President in 1990. She was elected to the [[10th Lok Sabha]] in 1991 from [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]] in Haryana. She was Union Minister of State for Education and Culture in the [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]]-led Congress government. Despite the Congress debacle in [[Haryana]] in 1996, she was re-elected to the [[11th Lok Sabha]].<ref name="profile">{{cite web|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3589|title=Detailed profile: Kumari Selja|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref>

Selja began actively participating in international conferences and summits following her election to the [[14th Lok Sabha]] in [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]. She was elected as a member of the Governing Board of [[Commonwealth Local Government Forum]] in 2005. She continued to engage with other such organisations as the [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]] and also headed the Commonwealth Consultative Group on Human Settlements.<ref name="profile"/>

===Role under UPA governments (2004–2013)===
[[File:Kumari Selja in her office after taking over the charge as the Union Minister of Urban Employment & Poverty Alleviation in New Delhi on May 24, 2004.jpg|thumb|left|Selja in her office after taking over the charge as the Union Minister of Urban Employment & Poverty Alleviation in May 2004.]]

Selja also took the oath as the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation|Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation]] in the [[Manmohan Singh]]-led government that following the 2004 electoral victory.<ref name="profile"/>

Following her election to the [[15th Lok Sabha]] from [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]], Selja was appointed the [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]] in Manmohan Singh's second cabinet. She visited such countries as [[Italy]] and [[Cyprus]] aimed at improving international relations during her time in office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/45_Annual-Report-2010-2011.pdf|title=Annual Report 2010-11|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]|access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref>

In March 2011, Selja was issued notices by the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] High Court over a petition that has accused her of "forgery, criminal intimidation, fabrication and hatching a criminal conspiracy".
The petitioner, advocate B S Chahar, has alleged that Selja, who was "instrumental in instigating leaders and members of the [[Balmiki]] community against [[Jat]] leaders in [[Mirchpur]] case", tried to save herself from a litigation by pressurising the undertrials and forcing them to sign "blank and non judicial papers".<ref>{{cite news|title=HC notice to Kumari Selja for 'threatening' Mirchpur accused|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/hc-notice-to-kumari-selja-for-threatening/760712/|access-date=22 April 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=11 March 2011}}</ref>

Selja later took oath as [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment]] in 2012. She remained in office for five years until the completion of her term in May 2014, a period during which she worked on issues relating to [[women empowerment|empowerment of women]] and rights of marginalised communities.<ref name="profile"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the Ministers - Cabinet Minister|url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/cabinetminister.php|publisher=[[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (India)|Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]|access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref>

===Move to Rajya Sabha and beyond (2014–present)===
Selja was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]], from her home state of Haryana in 2014.<ref name="rajya">{{cite web |last1=Pushpan |first1=Shikha |title=Kumari Selja may lead Haryana Congress after party's rout in Lok Sabha polls: sources |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kumari-selja-may-lead-haryana-congress-after-partys-rout-in-lok-sabha-polls-sources-688667.html |website=[[News18]] |access-date=12 October 2019 |date=18 May 2014}}</ref> She unsuccessfully contested the [[2019 Indian general elections]] from [[Ambala]], losing out to [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]'s [[Rattan Lal Kataria]].<ref name="2019result">{{cite web |title=Live Ambala Lok Sabha Results |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/haryana-lok-sabha-election-results-2019/ambala |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref> Following that, she expressed a renewed interest in the politics of the state and was appointed the president of the Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee in September, 2019, just ahead of the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|assembly elections scheduled for October]].<ref name="pcc">{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Vikrant Singh |title=Congress appoints Kumari Selja as new state party president of Haryana |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kumari-selja-new-congress-state-president-haryana-assembly-elections-1595479-2019-09-04 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=12 October 2019 |language=en |date=4 September 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Selja Kumari}}
* [http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3589 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before='''Het Ram'''}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]] |years=1991 – 1998}}
{{s-aft|after='''Sushil Kumar Indora'''}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Rattan Lal Kataria]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]] |years=2004 – 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rattan Lal Kataria]]}}
|-
{{s-par|in-upr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ram Prakash]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rajya Sabha]] [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Haryana|Haryana]] |years=2014 - present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Meira Kumar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)|Union Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation]]|years = 22 May 2009 – 26 May 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Ambika Soni]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Tourism (India)|Union Minister of Tourism]]|years = 28 May 2009 – 19 January 2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Subodh Kant Sahay]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Selja}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:14th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:Union ministers of state of India with independent charge]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:Women in Haryana politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Culture Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]

Naraingarh

2021-05-14T07:47:58Z

Nghhrs:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Naraingarh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Narayangarh
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Mc-park-naraingarh.jpg
| image_alt = Mc Park Naraingarh
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|28|35|N|77|07|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = King of Sirmaur
| named_for = Vishnu (GOD)
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Corporation
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 481
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population = 28,832
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Naraiangarhiye
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 134203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 1734
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 890
| website = {{URL|https://haryana.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Naraingarh''' (also: '''Narayangarh''') is a city, [[municipal committee]] and [[Naraingarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|assembly constituency]] in the [[Ambala district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]], located on the border with the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Due to its geographical location, the Naraingarh plays an important role in local tourism, being located 52 km (32 miles) of [[Chandigarh]], the state capital, 144 km (89 miles) of [[Shimla]], and 230 km (142 miles) of [[New Delhi]] .

==Etymology==
The name Naraingarh (Narayangarh) is a [[portmanteau]] of ''Narayana'' and ''Garh''. ''Narayana'' refers to Hindu god [[Narayana]], is the supreme absolute being in Hinduism and is considered as the supreme deity in Vaishnavism, while ''Garh'' means fort.

[[Raja]] ''Lakshmi Narain'' of [[Sirmur State]], during the time of the disintegration of the [[Mughal empire]], built a fort at Kulsan, which he named after himself, Naraingarh. The fort has been now encroached upon by the [[tahsil]] offices and police station.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazetteer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Chapter-V.</ref>

== Demographics ==
===Population===
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Naraingarh had a total population of 22,832, of which 12,016 were males and 10,816 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 2,589. The total number of literates in Naraingarh was 17,512, which constituted 76.7% of the population with male literacy of 79.6% and female literacy of 73.4%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Naraingarh was 86.5%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 81.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes]] population was 5,834. Naraingarh had 4677 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Naraingarh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=63948 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

===Languages===
[[Hindi]] is the official language of Naraingarh. [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[English language|English]] are additional official languages.<ref name=nclmanurep2010/><ref name="punjabiofficial"/>

==Transport==
Naraingarh is connected by road to all of the other major cities of [[north India]] including [[Delhi]], [[Dehradun]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Paonta Sahib]] and [[Shimla]].

[[National Highway 707 (India)|NH 72]] passes through Naraingarh and connects it to [[Ambala]] , [[Shahzadpur, Haryana|Shahzadpur]], [[Nahan]], [[Paonta Sahib]] and [[Haridwar]]. [[National Highway 344 (India)|NH 73]] passes through Naraingarh and connects it to Punchkula, Shahzadpur, Saha,Yamunanagar, SaharanPur and Haridwar. State Highway 1 connects it to state capital Chandigarh and Raipur Rani.

==Villages by Population==
Following is a list of villages by population in Naraingarh Tehsil according to [[2011 Census of India]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Villages by Population (2010)
|-
! No
! Village
! Total Population
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 1
| Dera
| 7,872
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 2
| Shahzadpur
| 7,278
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 3
| Pathreri
| 5,645
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 4
| Gadhauli
| 4,949
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 5
| Badhauli
| 4,442
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 6
| Jatwar
| 4,230
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 7
| Kurali(B.S)
| 4,222
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 8
| Dhanana
| 4,052
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 9
| Panjlasa
| 3,203
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 10
| Korwa Khurd
| 2,957
|-
|}

==Geography and ecology==

===Location===

Naraingarh is located near the foothills of the [[Sivalik Hills|Sivalik]] range of the [[Himalaya]]s in northwest India. It covers an area of approximately 481 km2.<ref name="Government Information">{{cite web |url=http://chandigarh.gov.in/knowchd_general.htm |title=About Chandigarh |publisher=Government of Chandigarh |access-date=12 March 2015 }}</ref> It shares its borders with the states of Himachal Pradesh. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Narayangarh are {{Coord|30.47|N|77.13|E|}}.It has an average elevation of 325 metres (1065 ft).

The city, lying in the northern plains, has vast fertile and flat land. It has portions of [[Bhabar]] in the north east and [[Terai]] in rest of the area.

===Climate===

{{climate chart
|Naraingarh
|3.1|16.4|33
|5.3|20.1|39
|10.4|25.4|30
|15.9|31.5|9
|20.1|35.3|28
|22.4|35.6|145
|20.9|31.0|280
|20.3|29.7|308
|18.8|30.1|133
|14.0|28.8|22
|7.5|24.3|9
|3.7|19.1|22

|float=right
|clear=
}}
Naraingarh has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cwa) characterised by a seasonal rhythm: very hot summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (−1 °C to 46 °C OR 30.2 °F to 114 °F). The city also receives occasional winter rains from the [[Western Disturbance]] originating over the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

The western disturbances usually brings rain predominantly from mid-December till end of April which can be heavier sometimes with strong winds and hails if the weather turns colder (during March–April months) which usually proves disastrous to the crops. Cold winds usually tend to come from the north near [[Shimla]], capital of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and from the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], both of which receive their share of snowfall during wintertime.

The city experiences the following seasons and the respective average temperatures:
* '''Spring''': The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season (from February-end to early-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 13 °C to 20 °C and (min) 5 °C to 12 °C.
* '''Autumn''': In autumn (from September-end to mid November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 10° to 22° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 6 °C.
* '''Summer''': The temperature in summer (from mid-April to June-end) may rise to 44 °C. The temperatures might sometime rise to 44 °C in mid-June. Temperatures generally vary between 40 and 42 °C.
* '''Monsoon''': During monsoon (from early-July to mid-September), Naraingarh receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Naraingarh during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day.
* '''Winter''': Winters (November-end to February-end) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Naraingarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 5 °C to 14 °C and (min) -1 °C to 5 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3 days with sometimes hailstorms. The city witnessed bone-numbing chill as the maximum temperature on Monday, 7 January 2013 plunged to a 30-year low to settle at 6.1 degrees Celsius.

{{Weather box
|location = Naraingarh
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan record high C = 27.7
|Feb record high C = 32.8
|Mar record high C = 37.8
|Apr record high C = 42.7
|May record high C = 44.6
|Jun record high C = 45.3
|Jul record high C = 42.0
|Aug record high C = 39.0
|Sep record high C = 37.5
|Oct record high C = 37.0
|Nov record high C = 34.0
|Dec record high C = 28.5
|year record high C = 45.6
|Jan high C = 20.4
|Feb high C = 23.1
|Mar high C = 28.4
|Apr high C = 34.5
|May high C = 38.3
|Jun high C = 38.6
|Jul high C = 34.0
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 33.1
|Oct high C = 31.8
|Nov high C = 27.3
|Dec high C = 22.1
|year high C = 30.4
|Jan low C = 6.1
|Feb low C = 8.3
|Mar low C = 13.4
|Apr low C = 18.9
|May low C = 23.1
|Jun low C = 25.4
|Jul low C = 23.9
|Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep low C = 21.8
|Oct low C = 17.0
|Nov low C = 10.5
|Dec low C = 6.7
|year low C = 16.5
|Jan record low C = 0.0
|Feb record low C = 0.0
|Mar record low C = 4.2
|Apr record low C = 7.8
|May record low C = 13.4
|Jun record low C = 14.8
|Jul record low C = 14.2
|Aug record low C = 17.2
|Sep record low C = 14.3
|Oct record low C = 9.4
|Nov record low C = 3.7
|Dec record low C = 0.0
|year record low C = 0.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 33.1
|Feb rain mm = 38.9
|Mar rain mm = 30.4
|Apr rain mm = 8.5
|May rain mm = 28.4
|Jun rain mm = 145.2
|Jul rain mm = 280.4
|Aug rain mm = 307.5
|Sep rain mm = 133.0
|Oct rain mm = 21.9
|Nov rain mm = 9.4
|Dec rain mm = 21.9
|year rain mm = 1059.3
|Jan rain days = 2.6
|Feb rain days = 2.8
|Mar rain days = 2.6
|Apr rain days = 1.1
|May rain days = 2.1
|Jun rain days = 6.3
|Jul rain days = 12.3
|Aug rain days = 11.4
|Sep rain days = 5.0
|Oct rain days = 1.4
|Nov rain days = 0.8
|Dec rain days = 1.4
|year rain days = 49.8
|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)<ref name= IMD >
{{cite web
| title = Naraingarh Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=25 March 2015
|url-status=dead
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=21 May 2013

}}</ref>
|date=March 2015}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>

File:Mc-park-naraingarh.jpg|Municipality Park
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]
[[Category:Forts in Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Haryana]]

Naraingarh

2021-05-14T07:46:51Z

Nghhrs: Nghhrs moved page Draft:Naraingarh to Naraingarh: Moved

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Naraingarh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Narayangarh
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Mc-park-naraingarh.jpg
| image_alt = Mc Park Naraingarh
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|28|35|N|77|07|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = King of Sirmaur
| named_for = Vishnu (GOD)
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Corporation
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 481
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population = 28,832
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Naraiangarhiye
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 134203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 1734
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 890
| website = {{URL|https://haryana.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Naraingarh''' (also: '''Narayangarh''') is a city, [[municipal committee]] and [[Naraingarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|assembly constituency]] in the [[Ambala district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]], located on the border with the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Due to its geographical location, the Naraingarh plays an important role in local tourism, being located 52 km (32 miles) of [[Chandigarh]], the state capital, 144 km (89 miles) of [[Shimla]], and 230 km (142 miles) of [[New Delhi]] .

==Etymology==
The name Naraingarh (Narayangarh) is a [[portmanteau]] of ''Narayana'' and ''Garh''. ''Narayana'' refers to Hindu god [[Narayana]], is the supreme absolute being in Hinduism and is considered as the supreme deity in Vaishnavism, while ''Garh'' means fort.

[[Raja]] ''Lakshmi Narain'' of [[Sirmur State]], during the time of the disintegration of the [[Mughal empire]], built a fort at Kulsan, which he named after himself, Naraingarh. The fort has been now encroached upon by the [[tahsil]] offices and police station.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazetteer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Chapter-V.</ref>

== Demographics ==
===Population===
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Naraingarh had a total population of 22,832, of which 12,016 were males and 10,816 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 2,589. The total number of literates in Naraingarh was 17,512, which constituted 76.7% of the population with male literacy of 79.6% and female literacy of 73.4%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Naraingarh was 86.5%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 81.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes]] population was 5,834. Naraingarh had 4677 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Naraingarh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=63948 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>

===Languages===
[[Hindi]] is the official language of Naraingarh. [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[English language|English]] are additional official languages.<ref name=nclmanurep2010/><ref name="punjabiofficial"/>

==Transport==
Naraingarh is connected by road to all of the other major cities of [[north India]] including [[Delhi]], [[Dehradun]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Paonta Sahib]] and [[Shimla]].

[[National Highway 707 (India)|NH 72]] passes through Naraingarh and connects it to [[Ambala]] , [[Shahzadpur, Haryana|Shahzadpur]], [[Nahan]], [[Paonta Sahib]] and [[Haridwar]]. [[National Highway 344 (India)|NH 73]] passes through Naraingarh and connects it to Punchkula, Shahzadpur, Saha,Yamunanagar, SaharanPur and Haridwar. State Highway 1 connects it to state capital Chandigarh and Raipur Rani.

==Villages by Population==
Following is a list of villages by population in Naraingarh Tehsil according to [[2011 Census of India]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Villages by Population (2010)
|-
! No
! Village
! Total Population
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 1
| Dera
| 7,872
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 2
| Shahzadpur
| 7,278
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 3
| Pathreri
| 5,645
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 4
| Gadhauli
| 4,949
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 5
| Badhauli
| 4,442
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 6
| Jatwar
| 4,230
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 7
| Kurali(B.S)
| 4,222
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 8
| Dhanana
| 4,052
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 9
| Panjlasa
| 3,203
|-style="text-align:right;"
| 10
| Korwa Khurd
| 2,957
|-
|}

==Geography and ecology==

===Location===

Naraingarh is located near the foothills of the [[Sivalik Hills|Sivalik]] range of the [[Himalaya]]s in northwest India. It covers an area of approximately 481 km2.<ref name="Government Information">{{cite web |url=http://chandigarh.gov.in/knowchd_general.htm |title=About Chandigarh |publisher=Government of Chandigarh |access-date=12 March 2015 }}</ref> It shares its borders with the states of Himachal Pradesh. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Narayangarh are {{Coord|30.47|N|77.13|E|}}.It has an average elevation of 325 metres (1065 ft).

The city, lying in the northern plains, has vast fertile and flat land. It has portions of [[Bhabar]] in the north east and [[Terai]] in rest of the area.

===Climate===

{{climate chart
|Naraingarh
|3.1|16.4|33
|5.3|20.1|39
|10.4|25.4|30
|15.9|31.5|9
|20.1|35.3|28
|22.4|35.6|145
|20.9|31.0|280
|20.3|29.7|308
|18.8|30.1|133
|14.0|28.8|22
|7.5|24.3|9
|3.7|19.1|22

|float=right
|clear=
}}
Naraingarh has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cwa) characterised by a seasonal rhythm: very hot summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (−1 °C to 46 °C OR 30.2 °F to 114 °F). The city also receives occasional winter rains from the [[Western Disturbance]] originating over the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

The western disturbances usually brings rain predominantly from mid-December till end of April which can be heavier sometimes with strong winds and hails if the weather turns colder (during March–April months) which usually proves disastrous to the crops. Cold winds usually tend to come from the north near [[Shimla]], capital of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and from the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], both of which receive their share of snowfall during wintertime.

The city experiences the following seasons and the respective average temperatures:
* '''Spring''': The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season (from February-end to early-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 13 °C to 20 °C and (min) 5 °C to 12 °C.
* '''Autumn''': In autumn (from September-end to mid November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 10° to 22° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 6 °C.
* '''Summer''': The temperature in summer (from mid-April to June-end) may rise to 44 °C. The temperatures might sometime rise to 44 °C in mid-June. Temperatures generally vary between 40 and 42 °C.
* '''Monsoon''': During monsoon (from early-July to mid-September), Naraingarh receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Naraingarh during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day.
* '''Winter''': Winters (November-end to February-end) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Naraingarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 5 °C to 14 °C and (min) -1 °C to 5 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3 days with sometimes hailstorms. The city witnessed bone-numbing chill as the maximum temperature on Monday, 7 January 2013 plunged to a 30-year low to settle at 6.1 degrees Celsius.

{{Weather box
|location = Naraingarh
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan record high C = 27.7
|Feb record high C = 32.8
|Mar record high C = 37.8
|Apr record high C = 42.7
|May record high C = 44.6
|Jun record high C = 45.3
|Jul record high C = 42.0
|Aug record high C = 39.0
|Sep record high C = 37.5
|Oct record high C = 37.0
|Nov record high C = 34.0
|Dec record high C = 28.5
|year record high C = 45.6
|Jan high C = 20.4
|Feb high C = 23.1
|Mar high C = 28.4
|Apr high C = 34.5
|May high C = 38.3
|Jun high C = 38.6
|Jul high C = 34.0
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 33.1
|Oct high C = 31.8
|Nov high C = 27.3
|Dec high C = 22.1
|year high C = 30.4
|Jan low C = 6.1
|Feb low C = 8.3
|Mar low C = 13.4
|Apr low C = 18.9
|May low C = 23.1
|Jun low C = 25.4
|Jul low C = 23.9
|Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep low C = 21.8
|Oct low C = 17.0
|Nov low C = 10.5
|Dec low C = 6.7
|year low C = 16.5
|Jan record low C = 0.0
|Feb record low C = 0.0
|Mar record low C = 4.2
|Apr record low C = 7.8
|May record low C = 13.4
|Jun record low C = 14.8
|Jul record low C = 14.2
|Aug record low C = 17.2
|Sep record low C = 14.3
|Oct record low C = 9.4
|Nov record low C = 3.7
|Dec record low C = 0.0
|year record low C = 0.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 33.1
|Feb rain mm = 38.9
|Mar rain mm = 30.4
|Apr rain mm = 8.5
|May rain mm = 28.4
|Jun rain mm = 145.2
|Jul rain mm = 280.4
|Aug rain mm = 307.5
|Sep rain mm = 133.0
|Oct rain mm = 21.9
|Nov rain mm = 9.4
|Dec rain mm = 21.9
|year rain mm = 1059.3
|Jan rain days = 2.6
|Feb rain days = 2.8
|Mar rain days = 2.6
|Apr rain days = 1.1
|May rain days = 2.1
|Jun rain days = 6.3
|Jul rain days = 12.3
|Aug rain days = 11.4
|Sep rain days = 5.0
|Oct rain days = 1.4
|Nov rain days = 0.8
|Dec rain days = 1.4
|year rain days = 49.8
|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)<ref name= IMD >
{{cite web
| title = Naraingarh Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=25 March 2015
|url-status=dead
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=21 May 2013

}}</ref>
|date=March 2015}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>

File:Mc-park-naraingarh.jpg|Municipality Park
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]
[[Category:Forts in Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Haryana]]

Ambala

2021-05-14T07:44:19Z

Nghhrs:

{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}}
{{About|the city in Haryana, India|the film|Aambala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ambala
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.38|N|76.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century CE
| founder = Bhawwni Amba
| named_for = Bhawani Amba (Goddess)
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = | area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 264
| population_total = 207,934 (UA)<ref name="2011 census" />
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 24 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 4 February 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = English, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 1330xx,1340xx
| area_code = 0171
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| registration_plate = HR 01 (city), HR 04 (Naraingarh), HR 54 (Barara), HR 85 (Ambala Cantonment), HR37 (commercial)
| website = {{URL|https://ambala.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Ambala-Kos_Minar.jpg|thumb|[[Kos Minar]] near Ambala along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in [[Haryana]]]]

'''Ambala''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|m|ˈ|b|ɑː|l|ə}}),
is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Ambala district]] in the state of [[Haryana]], India, located on the border with the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and in proximity to both states capital [[Chandigarh]]. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: [[Ambala Cantonment]] (also known as Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as "Twin City".{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}} It has a large [[Indian Army]] and [[Indian Air Force]] presence within its cantonment area.

Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] and Tangri – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located {{cvt|47|km}} south of Chandigarh, {{cvt|50|km}} north of [[Kurukshetra]], {{cvt|148|km}} southwest of [[Shimla]], {{cvt|198|km}} north of [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|260|km}} southeast of [[Amritsar]].

==History==
===Etymology===
The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba" whose Temple still exists in Ambala city. The third version mentions that the name is a corruption of ''Amba Wala'' meaning ''the mango-village'', from mango groves which existed in its immediate neighbourhood.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazateer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Tourism Management|author1=Bajwa, J.S.|author2=Kaur, R.|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|isbn=9788131300473|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVXCiwdwPxsC}}</ref>

===Classical era===
Archaeological Surveyor C.J Rodgers found [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] coins as well as coins of [[Huna people|Hunas]], [[Mihirakula]] and [[Toramana]] which indicated that after the disintegration of the [[Mauryan empire]], the area was taken over by Indo-Parthians and later was incorporated in the domain of the Hunas.<ref name=hargazc1/>

===Late medieval era===
In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought and Sikhs captured Ambala from [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|year=2001|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|url=https://archive.org/stream/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty_djvu.txt}}</ref>

===British colonial era===
====The Ambala Cantonment====
[[File:GTRoad Ambala.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Grand Trunk Road]], at Ambala Cantonment, during the [[British Raj]]]]

=====Ambala Army Base =====
[[Ambala Cantonment|Ambala Army Cantonment]] was established in 1843 after the British were forced to leave its Karnal Cantonment following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42 in as there were not any known effective means to control malaria epidemic in those days. The cantonment houses the '2 Corps', one of the three Strike Corps of the [[Indian Army]].

=====Ambala Air Force Base=====
[[Ambala Air Force Base]] is one of the oldest and largest airbases that were inherited from the British by the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]]. It was from this airbase that [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]] and [[T-6 Texan|Harvards]] flown by Instructors of the Advanced Flying Training School took part in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]]. Subsequently, Ambala was the front line airfield for many years. It was home to various aircraft that were inducted into the [[Indian Air Force]]. [[de Havilland Vampire|Vampires]], [[Dassault Ouragan|Ouragans]], [[Hawker Hunter|Hunters]], etc. all flew from this base. The airbase was briefly attacked in 1965 by [[B-57 Canberra|B-57 bombers]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. Today, the Airbase houses the '7 Wing' with squadrons of [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguars]] and [[MiG-21]] Bisons. A unit of the French-made [[Dassault Rafale]] will also be based at Ambala airbase.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=Indian Air Force To Deploy Rafale Jets in Ambala, Hashimara |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-air-force-to-deploy-rafale-jets-in-ambala-hashimara-1972607 |access-date=10 March 2019 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=4 January 2019}}</ref>

=====European Cemetery=====
[[Ambala Cantonment]] is the location of historic [[European Cemetery]].

====Formation of Ambala district====
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across [[tehsils]] of Ambala, [[Saphera]], [[Jagadhri]], Pipli, Kharar, [[Ropar]] and [[Nalagarh]]. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, [[Pinjore]], [[Mani Majra]], [[Kasauli]] & [[Sanawar]] were also merged later into the district at different times.

====1857 rebellion====
{{See also | History_of_Haryana#Colonial_period | Ballabhgarh#History | Farrukhnagar#Under_British_Raj | Nahar Singh | Rao Tula Ram | label 1 = Haryana in 1857| label 2 = Ballabhgarh history | label 3 = Farrukhnagar history | label 4 = Nahar Singh | label 5 = Rao Tula Ram }}
For their participation in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|first war of independence]], the [[Chaudhary]]s and [[Lambardar]]s of villages who participated in rebellion were also deprived of their land and property, including 368 people of [[Hisar district|Hisar]] and [[Gurugram district|Gurugram]] were hanged or transported for life, and fine was imposed on the people of [[Thanesar]] (Rs 235,000), Ambala (Rs. 253,541) and [[Rohtak]] (Rs. 63,000 mostly on [[Ranghar]]s, [[Punjabi Shaikh|Shaikh]]s and [[Qassab|Muslim Kasai]]).<ref name=balidan1>Satish Chandra Mittal, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC Haryana, a Historical Perspective], p58.</ref>

===Post-independence===
====Hanging of Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse====
In November 1949, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] assassin [[Nathuram Godse]] was hanged at Ambala Central Jail<ref>''The Times'' (London), page 3, 16 November 1949</ref> along with [[Narayan Apte]], a co-conspirator.
Ambala Cantt is also mentioned in [[Kim (novel)]] by [[Rudyard Kipling]].

==Geography==
===Climate===
{{Weather box
| location = Ambala (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 29.1
| Feb record high C = 33.9
| Mar record high C = 41.7
| Apr record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 47.8
| Jun record high C = 47.8
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 43.9
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 39.4
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 29.4
| year record high C = 47.8
| Jan high C = 18.9
| Feb high C = 22.4
| Mar high C = 27.8
| Apr high C = 34.9
| May high C = 38.1
| Jun high C = 38.1
| Jul high C = 34.4
| Aug high C = 33.3
| Sep high C = 33.1
| Oct high C = 31.7
| Nov high C = 27.1
| Dec high C = 21.7
| year high C = 30.1
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 9.1
| Mar low C = 13.8
| Apr low C = 19.1
| May low C = 23.4
| Jun low C = 25.4
| Jul low C = 25.5
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 17.1
| Nov low C = 11.1
| Dec low C = 7.1
| year low C = 17.2
| Jan record low C = -1.3
| Feb record low C = -0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.4
| May record low C = 13.9
| Jun record low C = 17.8
| Jul record low C = 19.4
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 15.6
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 1.8
| Dec record low C = -0.6
| year record low C = -1.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 27.3
| Feb rain mm = 35.1
| Mar rain mm = 27.2
| Apr rain mm = 12.3
| May rain mm = 31.5
| Jun rain mm = 86.6
| Jul rain mm = 264.7
| Aug rain mm = 239.2
| Sep rain mm = 134.8
| Oct rain mm = 15.1
| Nov rain mm = 4.5
| Dec rain mm = 19.7
| year rain mm = 898.2
| Jan rain days = 1.9
| Feb rain days = 2.2
| Mar rain days = 1.8
| Apr rain days = 1.2
| May rain days = 2.7
| Jun rain days = 4.5
| Jul rain days = 9.1
| Aug rain days = 9.0
| Sep rain days = 4.8
| Oct rain days = 0.8
| Nov rain days = 0.6
| Dec rain days = 1.0
| year rain days = 39.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 63
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 45
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 51
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 60
|year humidity = 52
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Ambala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 35–36
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M63
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Ambala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/31-ambala.html|title=Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|81.94}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|14.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.44}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.25}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.78}}}}

{{As of|2011}} India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. there were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census India|access-date=29 December 2015|ref=2011 census}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Cloth Market===
The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in the region. It is located in sector 7, the central part of the city of Ambala. The market is known for catering to wedding related shopping. The most commonly bought items are [[saree]]s and [[silk]] clothing.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Cloth Market |url=https://www.yatra.com/india-tourism/shopping-in-ambala/cloth-market |website=[[Yatra.com]] |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}

==Transport==
Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of [[north India]]. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}} The Ambala Cantt bus stand witnesses roughly 50,000 commuters daily.{{citation needed|date = December 2011}}

National Highway [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] popularly known as [[GT road]] earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. [[National Highway 152 (India)|NH 152]] connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal.
Apart from the Interstate service, Ambala also houses one of the oldest local bus services in Haryana, which is run by both Haryana roadways and private companies. Other means of local transportation include [[auto rickshaw]]s and [[cycle rickshaw]]s.

===Roadways===
Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh.

Presently, [[Haryana Roadways]], Ambala has 209 buses, which carry about 34.88 Lac's passengers daily and cover a distance of about 19.79 Lacs Km daily. Out of these, total distance covered on interstate routes is {{cvt|24,711|km}} and {{cvt|41.469|km}} are operated within [[Haryana]] every day. The total staff of the depot (including that of sub depot Naraingarh) is 1085.

New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is {{cvt|6.7|acre}}. Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night.

Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently 51 such buses are plying in Ambala district.
The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station.

===Railways===
Ambala is a divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway Zone and is an important railway junction. Ambala Cantt station is among the top 100 booking stations in India. The city is served by three railway stations:
* [[Ambala Cantonment railway station|Ambala Cantt]] [UMB] (Junction on [[Delhi-Kalka line]] and [[Moradabad-Ambala line]]/[[Ambala-Attari line]])
* [[Ambala City railway station|Ambala City]] [UBC] (On [[Ambala-Attari line]])
* Dhulkot [DKT] (on [[Delhi-Kalka line]])

The Ambala Cantonment railway station was founded on the junction of the Delhi-Kalka and [[Ludhiana]]-[[Saharanpur]] lines. The historic Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka railway line dates back to 1889 while the Ludhiana-Saharanpur line was built in 1870. Situated {{cvt|200|km}} north of Delhi, this town is well connected by the rail and road network.{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}}

Ambala cantt railway station is main station of the city and is well connected with major cities of India.
[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]], which is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage site]], also comes under Ambala division.

[[Ambala Cantonment railway station]] serves maximum [[Shatabdi Express]] after [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]].
Ambala railway station was mentioned in the famous story '[[The Woman on Platform 8]]' by [[Ruskin Bond]], although in reality there is no platform 8 in Ambala Cantt.

==Education==
Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges include:-

* [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala]]
* [[E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research]]
* [[Government Polytechnic College, Ambala]]
* [[Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana]]
* [[Sanatan Dharma College]] (S.D. College)
* [[Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology]]
* [[Philadelphia Hospital & School of Nursing, Ambala]]


==Notable people==
[[File:BJP Party leader Sushma Swaraj2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sushma Swaraj]]]]


* [[Zohrabai Ambalewali]]
* [[Hansraj Behl]]
* [[Urvashi Butalia]]
* [[Simi Chahal]]
* [[Juhi Chawla]]
* [[Parineeti Chopra]]
* [[Swadesh Deepak]]
* [[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]]
* [[Manpreet Kaur]]
* [[Nasir Kazmi]]
* [[Sucheta Kripalani]]
* [[Shalabh Kumar]]
* [[Selja Kumari]]
* [[Kim Philby]]
* [[Om Puri]]
* [[Saghar Siddiqui]]
* [[Sanjiv Sam Gambhir]]
* [[Sushma Swaraj]]
* [[Zeba]]



==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*{{Britannica|18810}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ambala| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Ambala district]]
[[Category:Haryana]]

Shahzadpur, Haryana

2021-05-14T07:42:12Z

Nghhrs:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shahzadpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|26|46|N|77|02|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total = 7,278
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 134202
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shahzadpur''' is a Town in Shahzadpur Tehsil in [[Ambala District]] of [[Haryana]] State, [[India]]. It belongs to [[Ambala Division]] . It is located 30 km towards East from District headquarters [[Ambala]]. It is a Tehsil headquarter. Shahzadpur Pin code is 134202 and postal head office is Shahzadpur.<ref>[https://www.getpincodes.com/postoffice/shahzadpur-so-ambala-134202 ''Pincode 134202, Shahzadpur S.O Post Office in Ambala, Haryana''], ''getpincodes.com'', 3 May 2017.</ref>

== Demographics ==
Shahzadpur is a Town located in [[Naraingarh]] of [[Ambala]] district, [[Haryana]] with total 1356 families residing. Shahzadpur has population of 7,278 of which 3,888 are males while 3,390 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref name = shahmajcensus>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/57228-shahzadpur-haryana.html | title=Shahzadpur Village Population - Naraingarh - Ambala, Haryana | website = www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

In Shahzadpur population of children with age 0-6 is 841 which makes up 11.56% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Shahzadpur is 872 which is lower than [[Haryana]] state average of 879. Child Sex Ratio for the Shahzadpur as per census is 730, lower than [[Haryana]] average of 834.<ref name = shahmajcensus/>
Shahzadpur has higher literacy rate compared to [[Haryana]].<ref name = shahmajcensus/>

In 2011, literacy rate of Shahzadpur village was 85.41% compared to 75.55% of [[Haryana]]. In Shahzadpur Male literacy stands at 90.68% while female literacy rate was 79.51%.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Shahzadpur is administrated by Sarpanch who is elected representative of town.<ref name = shahmajcensus/>

== History ==
Shahzadpur, is a very old town in [[Ambala District]] of [[Haryana]], The town came under Sikh Rule in January 1764 after the Sikh forces took [[Sirhind]], the Sikhs also established their rule in this area of Shahzadpur Town, Sardar Karam Singh a Sikh Sandhu Jatt of Marahka Village in [[Sheikhupura District]] of [[Punjab]] (Now [[Pakistan]]), became the first Sikh ruler of Shahzadpur. He ruled for 20 years until his death in 1784, he never used to stay at Shahzadpur, Karam Singh spent the majority of his time at [[Talwandi Sabo]] Village in [[Bathinda]] District of [[Punjab]] which was one of the holiest Sikh religious centers.
Karam Singh was succeeded by his elder Son [[Gulab Singh]], who ruled until 1844. In 1844 he was succeeded by his son Sardar Shiv Kirpal Singh Sandhu, the Shahzadpur Sikh Rulers became extinct in 1809, after the [[Cis-Sutlej states]] had accepted the protection [[British East India Company]].
Their descendants ruled on until 1947 with power and were given Jagirs (Land), by the [[British Government]].

==Education==
There are a number of high Schools in Shahzadpur, providing both [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] education. Among these are the Government Senior Secondary School (which has both a boys only and a girls only students) and, M.R.S.D Senior Secondary School,
Maa Bhagwati Niketan Public School and Growing Tree Play School
(which all provide English and Hindi education).<ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.icbse.com/schools/mrsd-sr-sec-school/06020603207 | title = Mrsd Sr. Sec. School, Shazadpur, Ambala - Haryana |accessdate = 3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.entranceindia.com/cbse-schools-in-haryana/st-joseph-school-cbse-schools-in-shahzadpur-ambala/ | title = St Joseph School, CBSE Schools in Shahzadpur (Ambala) | work = Entranceindia | accessdate = 3 May 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]
[[Category:Forts in Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Haryana]]

Nayab Singh

2021-05-14T07:39:12Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nayab Singh Saini
| office = [[Lok Sabha|Member Of Parliament Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]
|predecessor = [[Raj Kumar Saini]]
|term_start = 2019
| office1 = Minister of State Labour & Employment and Mines,Haryana
|term_start1 = 2014
|term_end1 = 2019
| office2 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Haryana]]
| Constituency1 = [[Naraingarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naraingarh]]
| succeeded2 = Shelley
| preceded2 = Ramkishan Gurjar
|term_start2 = 2014
|term_end2 = 2019
| birth_date = 25 January 1970
| birth_place = Mirzapur Majra, [[Ambala]]
| children = 2
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| parents = Telu Ram
}}
'''Nayab Singh Saini''' (born 25 January 1970)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nayab Singh {{!}} National Portal of India|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/nayab-singh|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> is a member of the [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) who represents the [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra constituency]] in [[Haryana]], India.

== Early life and education ==
Nayab Singh Saini was born in a small village of Mizapur Majra in [[Ambala]] on 25 January 1970 in a [[Saini]] family.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-22|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019: BJP replaces rebel MP with Haryana minister Nayab Saini to retain Kurukshetra seat|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-bjp-replaces-rebel-mp-with-haryana-minister-nayab-saini-to-retain-kurukshetra-seat/story-Rit0tXMp9FSfWw4ScQpmJN.html|access-date=2020-09-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-22|title=Caste equations weigh heavy as BJP looks for its next Haryana chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/caste-equations-weigh-heavy-as-bjp-looks-for-its-next-haryana-chief-6280480/|access-date=2020-09-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He attended [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University|B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University]] in [[Muzaffarpur]] and Ch. Charan Singh University in [[Meerut]], gaining BA and LLB degrees.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-01|title=MLA Details|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701113631/http://www.haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=827|access-date=2020-09-01|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

== Early career ==
He joined the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], through which he met and became impressed by [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]. After some time he joined the [[BJP]] and thereafter held several local party offices, including as its president in the [[Ambala Cantonment]]. He has been a vote bank of OBCs and for a long time being a loyal to the party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-20|title=Caste balance intact, BJP names Dhankar as Haryana party chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/caste-balance-intact-bjp-dhankar-haryana-party-chief-6514663/|access-date=2020-09-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
He contested the election in [[Naraingarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naraingarh constituency]] in 2010 but was defeated by Ramkishan Gurjar, registering 3,028 votes of the 116,039 total votes polled. In 2014, he won the election by 24,361 votes. He was a state minister in Haryana assembly. Now he is elected as member of parliament from [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nayab Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KURUKSHETRA(HARYANA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=http://myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12185|access-date=2020-09-01|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==

*

<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Nayab}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:Members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University alumni]]

Dushyant Chautala

2021-05-14T07:29:27Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dushyant Chautala
| native_name =
| image = File:Dushyant Chautala.jpg
| caption =
| office = 6th [[List of deputy chief ministers of Haryana|Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| governor = [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]
| predecessor = [[Chander Mohan]]
| term_start = 27 October 2019
| term_end =
| office1 = [[President (corporate title)|President]], [[Jannayak Janta Party]]
| term_start1 = 9 December 2018
| predecessor1 = Office Established
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 24 October 2019
| constituency2 = [[Uchana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uchana]]
| predecessor2 = [[Premlata Singh]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term3 = 16 May 2014 – 23 May 2019
| predecessor3 = [[Kuldeep Bishnoi]]
| successor3 = [[Brijendra Singh (BJP politician)|Brijendra Singh]]
| constituency3 = [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
| office5 = [[President (corporate title)|President]], [[Table Tennis Federation of India]]
| term_start5 = 30 January 2017
| office4 = [[Indian Olympic Association#IOA Executive Council|Executive Member]], [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| term_start4 = 14 July 2019
| term_end4 =
| successor4 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|4|3}}
| birth_place = [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| party = [[Jannayak Janta Party]]
| otherparty = [[Indian National Lok Dal]] (till December 2018)
| father = [[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
| mother = [[Naina Singh Chautala]]
| alma_mater = [[California State University]] ([[BSc]]) [[National Law University, Delhi|National Law University]] ([[LLM]])
| website = {{url|http://m.dushyantchautala.com/index}}
}}

'''Dushyant Singh Chautala''' (born 3 April 1988) is a [[Jannayak Janta Party]] politician and current [[Chief minister (India)#Deputy chief minister|Deputy Chief Minister]] of [[Haryana]]. He is the president and co-founder of the [[Jannayak Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dec 9 |first1=PTI |title=INLD splits; Dushyant Chautala announces launch of Jannayak Janata Party {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/inld-splits-dushyant-chautala-announces-launch-of-jannayak-janata-party/articleshow/67013326.cms |access-date=29 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He represents [[Uchana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uchana Kalan]] constituency in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]], and was sworn-in as Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana after making an alliance with [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] in the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Oct 28 |first1=PTI |title=Haryana CM, deputy CM both promise to give state a 'stable, honest' govt {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/haryana-cm-deputy-cm-both-promise-to-give-state-a-stable-honest-govt/articleshow/71796515.cms |access-date=29 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

He also served as the [[Member of Parliament]] in the [[16th Lok Sabha]] representing [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Haryana]].In 2019 MP election he lost his seat to BJP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Results 2014 – North: Powered by Modi, BJP sweeps Delhi, Himachal and Uttarakhand |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/live-election-results-2014-delhi-punjab-haryana-himachal-jandk/ |access-date=29 October 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=16 May 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, he has been diagnosed with [[COVID-19]] and has been in home isolation.<ref>https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dushyant-chautala-haryana-deputy-chief-minister-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-2305933</ref><ref>https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/haryana-deputy-chief-minister-dushyant-chautala-tests-positive-for-covid-19/articleshow/78513721.cms</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dushyant Chautala was born in Daroli, [[Hisar (district)|Hisar]] District, [[Haryana]], on 3 April 1988 to [[Ajay Chautala]] and [[Naina Singh Chautala]]. He is the grandson of [[Om Prakash Chautala]](who is in jail for corruption) and the great grandson of former [[Deputy prime minister|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[Devi Lal (politician)|Chaudhary Devi Lal]]. He has a younger brother, Digvijay Chautala. He comes from one of the [[Political families of Haryana#Chautala clan|political dynasty of Haryana]] and his family belongs to the [[Jat]] community.<ref name="The Jat patriarch">{{cite journal|title=The Jat patriarch|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18091200.htm|journal=Frontline|volume =18|issue =9|date=April 2001|author=Sukumar Muralidharan}}</ref>

Dushyant Chautala completed his initial schooling from St. Mary School, Hisar and [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]. He completed his B.Sc., (Business Administration) (Management),<ref name=NPI1>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/dushyant-chautala|title=Dushyant Chautala {{!}} National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> from [[California State University, Bakersfield]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]. He has done 'Masters of Law' from [[National Law University, Delhi]].<ref>http://myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12171</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BrsInH7nmns/)}}</ref> He married Meghna Chautala on 18 April 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/whos-who-of-country-at-chautala-scions-wedding/articleshow/58306781.cms|title=Who's who of country at Chautala scion's wedding - Times of India}}</ref>

== Political career ==
In [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha Elections]], Dushyant Chautala defeated [[Kuldeep Bishnoi]] of the [[Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)]] by a margin of 31,847 votes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/elections-2014-kuldeep-bishnois-defeat-a-body-blow-to-leader-projected-as-future-cm/articleshow/35219538.cms|title=Elections 2014: Kuldeep Bishnoi's defeat a body blow to leader projected as future CM|date=2014-05-16|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140519/haryana.htm#6|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> to become the youngest ever elected Member of the Parliament for which he holds a record in the 'Limca Book of Records'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/dushyant-s-name-in-limca-book-of-records-as-youngest-mp/story-YpqFcQR39K3Bo1YdiwNJwO.html|title=Dushyant's name in Limca Book of Records as youngest MP|date=2015-01-24|website=www.hindustantimes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> In 2017, Chautala became the first Indian to be conferred with the highest civilian honor by the Cooperation Commission of Arizona, USA.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/hisar/chautala-dushyanta-honor-in-the-us/articleshow/57333845.cms |title = Hisar News: दुष्यंत चौटाला का अमेरिका में सम्मान - chautala dushyanta honor in the us|date = 25 February 2017}}</ref>

On 9 December 2018, Dushyant Chautala launched the new party [[Jannayak Janata Party]] (JJP) after differences in the family led to his expulsion from [[Indian National Lok Dal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dushyant-chautala-floats-new-party/article25705070.ece|title=Dushyant Chautala floats new party|date=2018-12-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-10|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/dushyant-chautala-launches-own-political-outfit-flag-in-name-of-devi-lal/articleshow/67018065.cms|title=Dushyant Chautala launches own political outfit, flag in name of Devi Lal - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> This saw gathering of over 6 lakh people in [[Jind]] while he was addressing the people, this is the highest ever gathering Haryana saw in a political event since 1986 during the public addressing of his great-grandfather and former [[Deputy Prime Minister]] of [[India]], [[Devi Lal]].{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} In 2018, Dushyant achieved a key recognition when he was selected among, [https://apolitical.co/lists/100-government-leaders/ '100 FUTURE LEADERS: The World's Most Influential Young People in Government']<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apolitical.co/lists/100-government-leaders|title=100 Future Leaders: The World's Most Influential Young People in Government |website=Apolitical|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lokesh-in-top-20-of-worlds-100-future-leaders-in-govt/article25627521.ece|title=Lokesh in top 20 of world's 100 future leaders in govt.|author=Staff Reporter|date=2018-11-30|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-10|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]], Dushyant Chautala, made a decent debut for his new party, the [[Jannayak Janata Party]] (JJP), winning 10 Assembly seats in a hung assembly, and many political analysts noted that he has claimed the legacy of former Deputy Prime Minister Devi Lal, as a leader from the [[Jat]] community.<ref name=Hin2>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/haryana-assembly/haryana-results-2019-dushyant-chautala-turns-true-legatee-of-devi-lal/article29789913.ece |title = Dushyant Chautala turns true legatee of Devi Lal|date = 25 October 2019 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Nistula | last=Hebbar | access-date=27 October 2019 }}</ref> His party, JJP joined hands with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to form new state government in 2019 with Dushyant Chautala as the Deputy Chief Minister of [[Haryana]] <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/haryana-assembly/amit-shah-announces-bjp-jjp-deal-in-haryana-jjp-to-get-deputy-cm-post/article29801319.ece |title = BJP JJP join hands to form government in Haryana|date = 25 October 2019}}</ref>

== Jannayak Janata Party formation ==
[[Jannayak Janata Party]] was formed by supporters of Dushyant Chautala in [[Jind]], [[Haryana]] on 9 December 2018. The name of JJP party was inspired from the legacy of former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]],
Chaudhary [[Devi Lal]], who was often respectfully referred to as "Jan Nayak" or people's leader.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020218/haryana.htm#5 |title = Sir Chhotu Ram Jayanti celebrated|date = 17 February 2002}}</ref>

Dushyant Chautala was in a turf war over leadership of the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) with his uncle Abhay Chautala. Matters came to a head when Abhay Chautala dissolved the student wing of the INLD, the INSO, which triggered Dushyant to announce the formation of the JJP.<ref name=Hin2 /> Youth employment, senior citizen pension, fair support price for farmers,and women safety are the main issues of JJP.
<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jjp-sounds-the-poll-bugle-in-haryana-holds-rally-in-rohtak/article29483513.ece |date = 22 September 2019}}</ref>

Under the leadership of Dushyant Chautala, [[Jannayak Janata Party]] fought its first election for [[Jind]] legislative assembly seat by-election. In the Jind by-election, JJP got 37631 votes and secured the second position.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jind-bypoll-counting-of-votes-begins/article26136002.ece] [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/as-inld-splits-dushyant-chautala-launches-jannayak-janata-party-in-haryana-1960107</ref>

=== Social Boycott ===
Several khap leaders from Jind’s Uchana area Saturday announced “social boycott” of Deputy CM Dushyant Chautala and Hisar MP Brijendra Singh for supporting the BJP government.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-06|title=Uchana khaps announce “social boycott” of Dushyant Chautala , BJP MP Brijendra Singh|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uchana-khaps-announce-social-boycott-of-dushyant-chautala-bjp-mp-brijendra-singh-7093236/|access-date=2021-01-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Key positions held ==
=== Positions held as a Member of Parliament ===

* Member, Standing Committee on Urban Development, 2014–2016 <ref name=NPI1 />
* Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015-2018 <ref name=NPI1 />
* Member, Standing Committee on Commerce, 2016-2019 <ref name=NPI1 />

=== Positions held in Sports Associations ===

* President, [[Table Tennis Federation of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ttfi.org/cmspages/index/committee|title=Executive Committee|website=ttfi.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ttfi.org/cmspages/index/about/|title=About TTFI|website=ttfi.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/dushyant-chautala-is-new-ttfi-president-4499106/|title=Dushyant Chautala is new TTFI president|date=2017-01-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
* Member, Executive Council, [[Indian Olympic Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.ind.in/executive-council|title=EXECUTIVE COUNCIL {{!}} Indian Olympic Association|website=www.olympic.ind.in|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Devi Lal]]
* [[Political families of Haryana|Dynastic politics of Haryana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chautala, Dushyant}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:California State University, Bakersfield alumni]]
[[Category:Chautala family]]
[[Category:Indian National Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Jannayak Janta Party politicians]]
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Sirsa district]]
[[Category:Members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Kurukshetra district]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]

Manohar Lal Khattar

2021-05-14T07:24:49Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Manohar Lal Khattar 2015.jpg
| caption =
| office = 10th [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
| deputy2 = [[Dushyant Chautala]] {{small|(from 27 October 2019)}}
| termstart2 = 26 October 2014
| termend2 =
| constituency2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
| governor2 = [[Kaptan Singh Solanki]] [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]
| order3 =
| office3 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart3 = 2014
| termend3 =
| predecessor3 = Sumita Singh
| constituency3 = [[Karnal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karnal]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|05|05|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metrojournalist.com/haryana-gets-manohar-lal-khattar-as-new-chief-minister/ |title=Haryana Gets Manohar Lal Khattar As New Chief Minister |publisher=Metro Journalist |date=21 February 2014 |access-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141021132911/http://www.metrojournalist.com/haryana-gets-manohar-lal-khattar-as-new-chief-minister/ |archive-date=21 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Nindana]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]] (now in [[Rohtak district]], [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| occupation =
| website = {{URL|manoharlalkhattar.in}}
| footnotes = <ref name="personal-web-profile">{{cite web| url=http://manoharlalkhattar.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MANOHAR-LAL-KHATTAR-Profile-A5-English.pdf| title=Profile of Manohar Lal Khattar| publisher=manoharlalkhattar.in| access-date=21 October 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020235159/http://manoharlalkhattar.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/MANOHAR-LAL-KHATTAR-Profile-A5-English.pdf| archive-date=20 October 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
'''Manohar Lal Khattar''' (born 5 May 1954) is an Indian politician serving as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|10th]] and current [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]. He is member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and a former [[RSS pracharak]]. He represented [[Karnal]] constituency in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]. He was sworn-in for the first time as [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] on 26 October 2014 after BJP's win in the [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]. He was sworn in a second time as the Chief Minister on 27 October 2019 after making an alliance with [[Jannayak Janta Party]] post-2019 [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] with [[Dushyant Chautala]] as his deputy

==Personal life==
Khattar was born on 5 May 1954 in Nindana village of Meham [[tehsil]] in [[Rohtak district]] of East Punjab (now in Haryana), in a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/how-the-bjp-cracked-haryana-s-caste-conundrum/amp-11571122458510.html|title=BJP and caste equation in Haryana|date=15 October 2019|publisher=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/the-vulnerable-punjabi-in-an-unthinkable-post-in-haryana/lite/|title=The ‘vulnerable Punjabi’ in an unthinkable post in Haryana|date=28 October 2014|publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref> His father, Harbans Lal Khattar, had migrated to the village from [[Jhang]] district of [[West Punjab]] following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947. His family initially settled in the Banyani [[village]] of [[Rohtak]] [[district]] and took up farming.<ref name="personal-web-profile"/>

Khattar completed his matriculation (final year of high school) from Pandit Neki Ram Sharma [[Government]] College, [[Rohtak]].<ref name="personal-web-profile"/> He then moved to [[Delhi]], and ran a shop near [[Sadar Bazaar, Delhi|Sadar Bazar]]<ref name="personal-web-profile"/> while completing his bachelor's degree from [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://myneta.info/haryana2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=99 | title=Profile: Manoharlal Khattar| publisher=MyNeta.com | date=19 October 2014 | access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==
Khattar joined [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in 1977, and became a full-time pracharak three years later. As a pracharak, he is a lifelong bachelor.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/evoking-memories-of-lawless-chautala-regime-helps-bjp-win-haryana-114101900212_1.html | title=Evoking memories of lawless Chautala-regime helps BJP win Haryana | publisher=Business Standard | work=Arhis Mohan | date=21 October 2014 | access-date=21 October 2014| last1=Mohan | first1=Archis }}</ref> He worked as a full-time pracharak for 14 years before moving to BJP, in 1994.<ref name="personal-web-profile"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Who is Manohar Lal Khattar? |work=India Today| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/manohar-lal-khattar-chief-minister-haryana-bjp/1/396929.html | date=21 October 2014|access-date = 21 October 2014 }}</ref>

During 2000–2014, Khattar was Organizational General Secretary of the BJP in Haryana.<ref name="personal-web-profile"/> He was the Chairman of BJP's Haryana Election Campaign Committee for [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha Elections]].<ref name="zee-accept">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/will-accept-decision-of-partys-parliamentary-board-says-bjps-cm-post-frontrunner-manohar-lal-khattar_1487306.html | title=Will accept decision of party's parliamentary board, says BJP's CM-post frontrunner Manohar Lal Khattar| publisher=Zee News | work=Zee Media Bureau | date=21 October 2014 | access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref> Subsequently, he became a member of BJP's National Executive Committee.<ref name="zee-accept"/>

In 2014, Khattar was nominated as BJP's candidate from [[Karnal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karnal constituency]] for the Haryana Legislative Assembly election, 2014. The party's workers and supporters in Karnal launched a signature campaign, asking the party leadership to field a local candidate instead of him.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/BJP-workers-launch-signature-campaign-against-outsiders-in-Karnal/articleshow/41135655.cms | title=BJP workers launch signature campaign against outsiders in Karnal| publisher=Times of India | work=Anita Singh| date=21 October 2014 | access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref> His opponent, the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate and [[Deepender Singh Hooda]], accused Khattar of being an "outsider" not native to Karnal. But Modi wave helped Mr. Khattar win elections by heavy margin.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/haryana-elections-khattar-rides-on-modi-wave-congress-plays-the-outsider-card-in-karnal/505127-37-64.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141011205508/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/haryana-elections-khattar-rides-on-modi-wave-congress-plays-the-outsider-card-in-karnal/505127-37-64.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 11 October 2014|title = Haryana elections: Khattar rides on Modi wave, Congress plays the outsider card in Karnal|date = 14 October 2014|access-date = 21 October 2014|website = IBN Live|publisher = Priyanka Rathi}}</ref>

In the elections, the BJP gained a majority in Haryana for the first time, and Khattar won his maiden election by a margin of 63,736 votes. During a party meeting, his name was proposed for the [[List of Chief Ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]] post by Haryana BJP President [[Ram Bilas Sharma (politician)|Ram Bilas Sharma]], seconded by other strong Chief Minister of Haryana claimant [[Rao Inderjeet Singh]] and supported by many [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]]. He became the BJP's first Chief Minister of Haryana after his swearing-in ceremony on 26 October 2014.<ref>{{cite web | title = Manohar Lal Khattar to be sworn in as Haryana CM on October 26 in oath ceremony at panchkula |work=India Today | url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/manohar-lal-khattar-chief-minister-haryana-bjp/1/396925.html |date=21 October 2014| access-date = 21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = BJP chooses Manohar Lal Khattar as Haryana Chief Minister|newspaper=The Economic Times | url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-chooses-manohar-lal-khattar-as-haryana-chief-minister/articleshow/44897179.cms | date=21 October 2014|access-date = 21 October 2014 }}</ref>

On 27 October 2019, Khattar was sworn-in as the Chief Minister for the second time, after making an alliance with [[Dushyant Chautala]]'s [[Jannayak Janta Party]] post [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana govt formation updates: Manohar Lal Khattar sworn-in for 'second innings' as CM, Dushyant Chautala takes oath deputy CM |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/manohar-lal-khattar-haryana-cm-dushyant-chautala-deputy-cm-oath-taking-ceremony-live-updates-bjps-manohar-lal-khattar-to-take-oath-as-cm-at-2-15-pm-jjps-dushyant-chautala-to-be-sworn-in-as-deputy-7559411.html |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=Firstpost |date=27 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manohar Lal Khattar takes oath as Haryana CM for second term, Dushyant Chautala as Dy CM |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/manohar-lal-khattar-takes-oath-as-haryana-cm-for-second-term-dushyant-chautala-to-be-dy-cm/videoshow/71784262.cms |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=27 October 2019}}</ref>

==Major initiatives==

===Police reforms===
Khattar announced that Haryana will have an all-woman police station in each district and around 500 woman constables will be recruited. He also started a 24×7 portal called ''Harsamay'' through which anybody can file a complaint online.<ref>{{cite web | title = Haryana: CM Khattar announces all-woman police stations for all districts |work=[[Hindustan Times]] | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/haryana-cm-khattar-announces-all-woman-police-stations-for-all-districts/article1-1343039.aspx |date=2 May 2015 }}</ref>

He has also suggested that Yoga to be a part of police constables training to help keep the police personnel mentally and physically fit. According to media reports, Khattar has said that Police recruitments would be made on Transparent Recruitment Policy (TRP) and 3,060 new houses would be constructed for police personnel at a cost of Rs 550 crore in next three years.<ref>{{cite web | title = CM Manohar Lal Khattar announces implementation of Haryana Control of Organised Crime Act |work=[[DNA]] | url = http://www.iamin.in/en/hisar/news/cm-manohar-lal-khattar-announces-implementation-haryana-control-organised-crime-act-59632 |date=13 May 2015 }}</ref>

===E-governance===
Manohar Lal Khattar has introduced e-services through Common Service Centres including biometric attendance system in all the government offices through which attendance of all officers will be available online and monitored.<ref>{{cite web | title = Haryana CM Manohar Lal Khattar to launch seven e-services on May 2 |work=[[DNA]] | url = http://www.iamin.in/en/kurukshetra/news/haryana-cm-manohar-lal-khattar-launch-seven-e-services-may-2-58670 |date=30 April 2015 }}</ref>

===Women's empowerment===
Manohar Lal Khattar's Government has been in news for taking steps to implement [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana]] scheme that was flagged off by India's Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. The child gender ratio has been improved in Haryana since he assumed power. It is now 889 girls per 1,000 boys. "Efforts are being made to further take it (child gender ratio) to above 900," Khattar has said in a public statement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=‘Haryana’s child sex ratio improves to 889 girls per 1,000 boys’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/haryana-s-child-sex-ratio-improves-to-889-girls-per-1-000-boys/story-GuQGxhXOeSSBRybJRfzXLP.html |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 January 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

===Construction of memorial===
Manohar Lal Khattar has publicly declared that his government will build a memorial to mark the sacrifice of Garud Commando Gursewak Singh, who was killed in a terrorist attack in Pathankot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Memorial to be build for slain Commando Gursewak: Manohar Lal Khattar |last1=PTI |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/50449803.cms |date=5 January 2016 |access-date=21 March 2017}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Manohar Lal Khattar is criticised for his remarks on rape and women issues.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Jyoti |title=Haryana CM Khattar didn’t say ‘bring girls from Kashmir’, but he sure found it funny |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/haryana-cm-khattar-didnt-say-bring-girls-from-kashmir-but-he-sure-found-it-funny/275477/ |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=ThePrint |date=11 August 2019}}</ref> During his election campaign for 2014 polls in India, he said: "If they (women) want freedom, why don't they just roam around naked? Freedom has to be limited."<ref>{{cite news |title=And Now Haryana’s New CM Khattar Wants Girls to Dress “Decently” |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/7/1027/And-Now-Haryanas-New-CM-Khattar-Wants-Girls-to-Dress-Decently |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Citizen |date=22 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roychoudhury |first1=Shibaji |title=Manohar Lal Khattar, who blamed women for India's rising rapes, is new Haryana CM |url=https://scroll.in/article/684700/manohar-lal-khattar-who-blamed-women-for-indias-rising-rapes-is-new-haryana-cm |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=Scroll.in |date=22 October 2014}}</ref> Likewise, on 16 November 2018, he has stated, "The biggest concern is that in 80-90% of rapes and eve-teasing cases, the accused and the victim know each other. In many cases, they know each other for a long time, and on one day, when there is an argument,... an FIR is lodged, saying that this person has raped me." This evoked strong condemnation from the opposition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manohar Lal Khattar: Haryana CM Khattar sparks controversy with rape remark |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/haryana-cm-khattar-sparks-controversy-with-remarks-on-rape/articleshow/66675908.cms |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=18 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Manohar Lal Khattar ministry (2014–)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons|Manohar Lal Khattar }}
* [http://manoharlalkhattar.in Official Website of Manohar Lal Khattar]
* [http://haryana.gov.in/ Government of Haryana, Official website]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Haryana]]|
years=26 October 2014 – present|
after= Incumbent
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers}}
{{Chief_Ministers_of_Indian_States}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khattar, Manohar Lal}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindu activists]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Rohtak district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]

Anil Vij

2021-05-14T07:20:43Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Anil Vij
| image = File:Anil Vij - Kolkata 2016-10-07 8232.JPG
| caption = Vij in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|03|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]] (now in [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| alma_mater = [[Punjab University, Chandigarh]]
| office =
| term_start =
| 1blankname =
| 1namedata =
| governor =
| office1 = [[Home Minister]], [[Government of Haryana]]
| 2blankname1 = Minister of
| 2namedata1 = Home, Ayush, [[Medical education]], [[Health ministry|Health]], [[Science]] and [[Technology]]
| term_start1 = 27 October 2019
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 1990
| term_end4 = 1991
| predecessor4 = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
| successor4 = Brij Anand
| constituency4 = [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]]
| term_start3 = 1996
| term_end3 = 2005
| predecessor3 = Brij Anand
| successor3 = Devender Kumar Bansal
| constituency3 = [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]]
| term_start2 = 2009
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = Devender Kumar Bansal
| successor2 =
| constituency2 = [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| successor1 =
| signature =
| awards =
| website = [https://www.facebook.com/anilvijambala Official Facebook Page]
| footnotes =
| date = 27 October
| year = 2019
| source =
}}

'''Anil Vij''' (born 15 March 1953)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/anil-kumar-vij.html| title=Anil Vij | work=elections.in| date=| access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref> is an Indian [[politician]] belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and Cabinet Minister in the [[Government of Haryana]] (appointed October 2014).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/assembly-elections-2014/haryana-news/Assembly-elections-2014-BJPs-Anil-Vij-is-first-winner-from-Haryana/articleshow/44875034.cms | title=Assembly elections 2014: BJP's Anil Vij is first winner from Haryana | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=19 October 2014 | access-date=19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/will-do-my-best-if-bjp-makes-me-haryana-cm-anil-vij_1486945.html | title=Will do my best if BJP makes me Haryana CM: Anil Vij | publisher=Zee News | work=Deepak Nagpal | date=19 October 2014 | access-date=19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/people-have-full-confidence-in-bjp-anil-vij/article1-1265036.aspx | title=People have full confidence in BJP: Anil Vij | work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=17 September 2014 | access-date=19 October 2014}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Vij joined [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]], a student wing of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], while he was studying at S. D. College, Ambala Cantt.

In 1970, he became General Secretary of ABVP.Vij joined the State Bank of India in 1974.

In 1990, when [[Sushma Swaraj]] was elected to [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]] seat became vacant. Vij was asked to resign from service and contest a by-election by the BJP Party.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}

He contested the election and won. In 1991 he became State President Of [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]]. In 1996 and 2000, he contested as an independent candidate and won both times.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=747|title=MLA Details|website=haryanaassembly.gov.in|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>

In 2005, Vij lost re-election. In 2009, he was elected as [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]'s [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]] (MLA) from [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]] constituency in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="auto"/>

In 2014, Vij was again elected as [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]].

In 2019, Vij was again elected for the sixth time as [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Ambala Cantonment (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambala Cantonment]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Results 2019: Haryana Minister Anil Vij Wins From Ambala Cantonment |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assembly-election-results-2019-haryana-minister-anil-vij-wins-from-ambala-cantonment-2122077 |last=PTI |access-date=11 November 2019 |work=NDTV.com |date=24 October 2019}}</ref>

On 20 November 2020, Vij becomes the first in his state to volunteer for the anti-COVID vaccine. He was administered a trial dose in a [[Ambala Cantonment]] hospital.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazali |first1=Mohammed |last2=Dey |first2=Stella |title=Haryana Minister Anil Vij Becomes First Volunteer Of Covid Vaccine Trials |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/haryana-minister-anil-vij-becomes-first-volunteer-of-covid-19-vaccine-covaxin-trials-2327890 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=20 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Want to speed up vaccine trial: Covaxin volunteer Anil Vij |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/haryana-health-minister-trial-dose-indigenous-vaccine-7058663/ |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cabinet Minister of Haryana==
On 26 October 2014, Vij was inducted in the [[Government of Haryana]] as a Cabinet Minister.<ref>{{cite news |title=Khattar expands Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/khattar-expands-cabinet/article7458408.ece |access-date=12 January 2021 |last=PTI |work=The Hindu |date=24 July 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref> with the independent charge of the following departments:
Department of Home affairs, Haryana [[Department of Ayush, Haryana|Ayush]], [[Department of Health Services, Haryana|Health Services]], [[Department of Medical Education, Haryana|Medical Education]], [[Department of Science & Technology, Haryana|Science & Technology]], and [[Department of Sports & Youth Affairs, Haryana|Sports & Youth Affairs, Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newincept.com/haryana/council-of-ministers-of-haryana.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426144626/http://www.newincept.com/haryana/council-of-ministers-of-haryana.html |archive-date=26 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vij, Anil}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Naraingarh

2021-05-14T07:14:13Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

Ambala

2021-05-14T07:06:07Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}}
{{About|the city in Haryana, India|the film|Aambala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ambala
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ambala Cantonment Railway Station
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.38|N|76.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century CE
| founder = Bhawwni Amba
| named_for = Bhawani Amba (Goddess)
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = | area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 264
| population_total = 207,934 (UA)<ref name="2011 census" />
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 24 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 4 February 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = English, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 1330xx,1340xx
| area_code = 0171
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| registration_plate = HR 01 (city), HR 04 (Naraingarh), HR 54 (Barara), HR 85 (Ambala Cantonment), HR37 (commercial)
| website = {{URL|https://ambala.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Ambala-Kos_Minar.jpg|thumb|[[Kos Minar]] near Ambala along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in [[Haryana]]]]

'''Ambala''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|m|ˈ|b|ɑː|l|ə}}),
is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Ambala district]] in the state of [[Haryana]], India, located on the border with the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and in proximity to both states capital [[Chandigarh]]. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: [[Ambala Cantonment]] (also known as Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as "Twin City".{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}} It has a large [[Indian Army]] and [[Indian Air Force]] presence within its cantonment area.

Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] and Tangri – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located {{cvt|47|km}} south of Chandigarh, {{cvt|50|km}} north of [[Kurukshetra]], {{cvt|148|km}} southwest of [[Shimla]], {{cvt|198|km}} north of [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|260|km}} southeast of [[Amritsar]].

==History==
===Etymology===
The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba" whose Temple still exists in Ambala city. The third version mentions that the name is a corruption of ''Amba Wala'' meaning ''the mango-village'', from mango groves which existed in its immediate neighbourhood.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazateer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Tourism Management|author1=Bajwa, J.S.|author2=Kaur, R.|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|isbn=9788131300473|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVXCiwdwPxsC}}</ref>

===Classical era===
Archaeological Surveyor C.J Rodgers found [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] coins as well as coins of [[Huna people|Hunas]], [[Mihirakula]] and [[Toramana]] which indicated that after the disintegration of the [[Mauryan empire]], the area was taken over by Indo-Parthians and later was incorporated in the domain of the Hunas.<ref name=hargazc1/>

===Late medieval era===
In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought and Sikhs captured Ambala from [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|year=2001|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|url=https://archive.org/stream/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty_djvu.txt}}</ref>

===British colonial era===
====The Ambala Cantonment====
[[File:GTRoad Ambala.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Grand Trunk Road]], at Ambala Cantonment, during the [[British Raj]]]]

=====Ambala Army Base =====
[[Ambala Cantonment|Ambala Army Cantonment]] was established in 1843 after the British were forced to leave its Karnal Cantonment following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42 in as there were not any known effective means to control malaria epidemic in those days. The cantonment houses the '2 Corps', one of the three Strike Corps of the [[Indian Army]].

=====Ambala Air Force Base=====
[[Ambala Air Force Base]] is one of the oldest and largest airbases that were inherited from the British by the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]]. It was from this airbase that [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]] and [[T-6 Texan|Harvards]] flown by Instructors of the Advanced Flying Training School took part in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]]. Subsequently, Ambala was the front line airfield for many years. It was home to various aircraft that were inducted into the [[Indian Air Force]]. [[de Havilland Vampire|Vampires]], [[Dassault Ouragan|Ouragans]], [[Hawker Hunter|Hunters]], etc. all flew from this base. The airbase was briefly attacked in 1965 by [[B-57 Canberra|B-57 bombers]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. Today, the Airbase houses the '7 Wing' with squadrons of [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguars]] and [[MiG-21]] Bisons. A unit of the French-made [[Dassault Rafale]] will also be based at Ambala airbase.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ANI |title=Indian Air Force To Deploy Rafale Jets in Ambala, Hashimara |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-air-force-to-deploy-rafale-jets-in-ambala-hashimara-1972607 |access-date=10 March 2019 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=4 January 2019}}</ref>

=====European Cemetery=====
[[Ambala Cantonment]] is the location of historic [[European Cemetery]].

====Formation of Ambala district====
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across [[tehsils]] of Ambala, [[Saphera]], [[Jagadhri]], Pipli, Kharar, [[Ropar]] and [[Nalagarh]]. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, [[Pinjore]], [[Mani Majra]], [[Kasauli]] & [[Sanawar]] were also merged later into the district at different times.

====1857 rebellion====
{{See also | History_of_Haryana#Colonial_period | Ballabhgarh#History | Farrukhnagar#Under_British_Raj | Nahar Singh | Rao Tula Ram | label 1 = Haryana in 1857| label 2 = Ballabhgarh history | label 3 = Farrukhnagar history | label 4 = Nahar Singh | label 5 = Rao Tula Ram }}
For their participation in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|first war of independence]], the [[Chaudhary]]s and [[Lambardar]]s of villages who participated in rebellion were also deprived of their land and property, including 368 people of [[Hisar district|Hisar]] and [[Gurugram district|Gurugram]] were hanged or transported for life, and fine was imposed on the people of [[Thanesar]] (Rs 235,000), Ambala (Rs. 253,541) and [[Rohtak]] (Rs. 63,000 mostly on [[Ranghar]]s, [[Punjabi Shaikh|Shaikh]]s and [[Qassab|Muslim Kasai]]).<ref name=balidan1>Satish Chandra Mittal, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC Haryana, a Historical Perspective], p58.</ref>

===Post-independence===
====Hanging of Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse====
In November 1949, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] assassin [[Nathuram Godse]] was hanged at Ambala Central Jail<ref>''The Times'' (London), page 3, 16 November 1949</ref> along with [[Narayan Apte]], a co-conspirator.
Ambala Cantt is also mentioned in [[Kim (novel)]] by [[Rudyard Kipling]].

==Geography==
===Climate===
{{Weather box
| location = Ambala (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 29.1
| Feb record high C = 33.9
| Mar record high C = 41.7
| Apr record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 47.8
| Jun record high C = 47.8
| Jul record high C = 46.7
| Aug record high C = 43.9
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 39.4
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 29.4
| year record high C = 47.8
| Jan high C = 18.9
| Feb high C = 22.4
| Mar high C = 27.8
| Apr high C = 34.9
| May high C = 38.1
| Jun high C = 38.1
| Jul high C = 34.4
| Aug high C = 33.3
| Sep high C = 33.1
| Oct high C = 31.7
| Nov high C = 27.1
| Dec high C = 21.7
| year high C = 30.1
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 9.1
| Mar low C = 13.8
| Apr low C = 19.1
| May low C = 23.4
| Jun low C = 25.4
| Jul low C = 25.5
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 17.1
| Nov low C = 11.1
| Dec low C = 7.1
| year low C = 17.2
| Jan record low C = -1.3
| Feb record low C = -0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.4
| May record low C = 13.9
| Jun record low C = 17.8
| Jul record low C = 19.4
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 15.6
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 1.8
| Dec record low C = -0.6
| year record low C = -1.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 27.3
| Feb rain mm = 35.1
| Mar rain mm = 27.2
| Apr rain mm = 12.3
| May rain mm = 31.5
| Jun rain mm = 86.6
| Jul rain mm = 264.7
| Aug rain mm = 239.2
| Sep rain mm = 134.8
| Oct rain mm = 15.1
| Nov rain mm = 4.5
| Dec rain mm = 19.7
| year rain mm = 898.2
| Jan rain days = 1.9
| Feb rain days = 2.2
| Mar rain days = 1.8
| Apr rain days = 1.2
| May rain days = 2.7
| Jun rain days = 4.5
| Jul rain days = 9.1
| Aug rain days = 9.0
| Sep rain days = 4.8
| Oct rain days = 0.8
| Nov rain days = 0.6
| Dec rain days = 1.0
| year rain days = 39.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 63
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 45
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 51
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 60
|year humidity = 52
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Ambala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 35–36
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M63
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Ambala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/31-ambala.html|title=Ambala City Population Census 2011 – Haryana|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|81.94}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|14.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.44}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.25}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.78}}}}

{{As of|2011}} India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. there were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census India|access-date=29 December 2015|ref=2011 census}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Cloth Market===
The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in the region. It is located in sector 7, the central part of the city of Ambala. The market is known for catering to wedding related shopping. The most commonly bought items are [[saree]]s and [[silk]] clothing.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Cloth Market |url=https://www.yatra.com/india-tourism/shopping-in-ambala/cloth-market |website=[[Yatra.com]] |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}

==Transport==
Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of [[north India]]. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}} The Ambala Cantt bus stand witnesses roughly 50,000 commuters daily.{{citation needed|date = December 2011}}

National Highway [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] popularly known as [[GT road]] earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. [[National Highway 152 (India)|NH 152]] connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal.
Apart from the Interstate service, Ambala also houses one of the oldest local bus services in Haryana, which is run by both Haryana roadways and private companies. Other means of local transportation include [[auto rickshaw]]s and [[cycle rickshaw]]s.

===Roadways===
Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh.

Presently, [[Haryana Roadways]], Ambala has 209 buses, which carry about 34.88 Lac's passengers daily and cover a distance of about 19.79 Lacs Km daily. Out of these, total distance covered on interstate routes is {{cvt|24,711|km}} and {{cvt|41.469|km}} are operated within [[Haryana]] every day. The total staff of the depot (including that of sub depot Naraingarh) is 1085.

New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is {{cvt|6.7|acre}}. Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night.

Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently 51 such buses are plying in Ambala district.
The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station.

===Railways===
Ambala is a divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway Zone and is an important railway junction. Ambala Cantt station is among the top 100 booking stations in India. The city is served by three railway stations:
* [[Ambala Cantonment railway station|Ambala Cantt]] [UMB] (Junction on [[Delhi-Kalka line]] and [[Moradabad-Ambala line]]/[[Ambala-Attari line]])
* [[Ambala City railway station|Ambala City]] [UBC] (On [[Ambala-Attari line]])
* Dhulkot [DKT] (on [[Delhi-Kalka line]])

The Ambala Cantonment railway station was founded on the junction of the Delhi-Kalka and [[Ludhiana]]-[[Saharanpur]] lines. The historic Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka railway line dates back to 1889 while the Ludhiana-Saharanpur line was built in 1870. Situated {{cvt|200|km}} north of Delhi, this town is well connected by the rail and road network.{{Citation needed |date=October 2013}}

Ambala cantt railway station is main station of the city and is well connected with major cities of India.
[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]], which is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage site]], also comes under Ambala division.

[[Ambala Cantonment railway station]] serves maximum [[Shatabdi Express]] after [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]].
Ambala railway station was mentioned in the famous story '[[The Woman on Platform 8]]' by [[Ruskin Bond]], although in reality there is no platform 8 in Ambala Cantt.

==Education==
Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges include:-

* [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala]]
* [[E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research]]
* [[Government Polytechnic College, Ambala]]
* [[Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana]]
* [[Sanatan Dharma College]] (S.D. College)
* [[Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology]]
* [[Philadelphia Hospital & School of Nursing, Ambala]]


==Notable people==
[[File:BJP Party leader Sushma Swaraj2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sushma Swaraj]]]]


* [[Zohrabai Ambalewali]]
* [[Hansraj Behl]]
* [[Urvashi Butalia]]
* [[Simi Chahal]]
* [[Juhi Chawla]]
* [[Parineeti Chopra]]
* [[Swadesh Deepak]]
* [[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]]
* [[Manpreet Kaur]]
* [[Nasir Kazmi]]
* [[Sucheta Kripalani]]
* [[Shalabh Kumar]]
* [[Selja Kumari]]
* [[Kim Philby]]
* [[Om Puri]]
* [[Saghar Siddiqui]]
* [[Sanjiv Sam Gambhir]]
* [[Sushma Swaraj]]
* [[Zeba]]



==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*{{Britannica|18810}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ambala| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Ambala district]]
[[Category:Haryana]]

Shahzadpur, Haryana

2021-05-14T06:52:54Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shahzadpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|26|46|N|77|02|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total = 7,278
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 134202
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shahzadpur''' is a Town in Shahzadpur Tehsil in [[Ambala District]] of [[Haryana]] State, [[India]]. It belongs to [[Ambala Division]] . It is located 30 km towards East from District headquarters [[Ambala]]. It is a Tehsil headquarter. Shahzadpur Pin code is 134202 and postal head office is Shahzadpur.<ref>[https://www.getpincodes.com/postoffice/shahzadpur-so-ambala-134202 ''Pincode 134202, Shahzadpur S.O Post Office in Ambala, Haryana''], ''getpincodes.com'', 3 May 2017.</ref>

== Demographics ==
Shahzadpur is a Town located in [[Naraingarh]] of [[Ambala]] district, [[Haryana]] with total 1356 families residing. Shahzadpur has population of 7,278 of which 3,888 are males while 3,390 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref name = shahmajcensus>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/57228-shahzadpur-haryana.html | title=Shahzadpur Village Population - Naraingarh - Ambala, Haryana | website = www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

In Shahzadpur population of children with age 0-6 is 841 which makes up 11.56% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Shahzadpur is 872 which is lower than [[Haryana]] state average of 879. Child Sex Ratio for the Shahzadpur as per census is 730, lower than [[Haryana]] average of 834.<ref name = shahmajcensus/>
Shahzadpur has higher literacy rate compared to [[Haryana]].<ref name = shahmajcensus/>

In 2011, literacy rate of Shahzadpur village was 85.41% compared to 75.55% of [[Haryana]]. In Shahzadpur Male literacy stands at 90.68% while female literacy rate was 79.51%.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Shahzadpur is administrated by Sarpanch who is elected representative of town.<ref name = shahmajcensus/>

== History ==
Shahzadpur, is a very old town in [[Ambala District]] of [[Haryana]], The town came under Sikh Rule in January 1764 after the Sikh forces took [[Sirhind]], the Sikhs also established their rule in this area of Shahzadpur Town, Sardar Karam Singh a Sikh Sandhu Jatt of Marahka Village in [[Sheikhupura District]] of [[Punjab]] (Now [[Pakistan]]), became the first Sikh ruler of Shahzadpur. He ruled for 20 years until his death in 1784, he never used to stay at Shahzadpur, Karam Singh spent the majority of his time at [[Talwandi Sabo]] Village in [[Bathinda]] District of [[Punjab]] which was one of the holiest Sikh religious centers.
Karam Singh was succeeded by his elder Son [[Gulab Singh]], who ruled until 1844. In 1844 he was succeeded by his son Sardar Shiv Kirpal Singh Sandhu, the Shahzadpur Sikh Rulers became extinct in 1809, after the [[Cis-Sutlej states]] had accepted the protection [[British East India Company]].
Their descendants ruled on until 1947 with power and were given Jagirs (Land), by the [[British Government]].

==Education==
There are a number of high Schools in Shahzadpur, providing both [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] education. Among these are the Government Senior Secondary School (which has both a boys only and a girls only students) and, M.R.S.D Senior Secondary School,
Maa Bhagwati Niketan Public School and Growing Tree Play School
(which all provide English and Hindi education).<ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.icbse.com/schools/mrsd-sr-sec-school/06020603207 | title = Mrsd Sr. Sec. School, Shazadpur, Ambala - Haryana |accessdate = 3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.entranceindia.com/cbse-schools-in-haryana/st-joseph-school-cbse-schools-in-shahzadpur-ambala/ | title = St Joseph School, CBSE Schools in Shahzadpur (Ambala) | work = Entranceindia | accessdate = 3 May 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ambala district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]
[[Category:Forts in Haryana]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Haryana]]

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-12T13:05:21Z

Nghhrs:

Justin Bieber

2021-05-12T12:22:50Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{short description|Canadian singer}}
{{redirect|Bieber}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Justin Bieber
| image = Justin Bieber in 2015.jpg
| caption = Bieber performing in 2015
| birth_name = Justin Drew Bieber
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|3|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/justin-bieber-522504|title=Justin Bieber Biography|work=[[The Biography Channel]]|publisher=[[A+E Networks]]|access-date=July 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d1963/Justin_Bieber | title = Inogolo – English Pronunciation Guide to the Names of People, Places, and Stuff – Justin Bieber | access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[London, Ontario]], Canada
| education = [[St. Michael Catholic Secondary School]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Hailey Baldwin]]|September 13, 2018}}
| parents = Jeremy Bieber [[Pattie Mallette]]
| signature = Signature Justin Bieber.svg
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer
}}
| agent = [[Scooter Braun]]
| years_active = 2007–present
| origin =
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Justin Bieber|Full list]]
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* drums
* piano
* keyboard
* guitar<ref name="mitchell">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268791/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber|title=Usher Introduces Teen Singer Justin Bieber|last=Mitchell|first=Gail|date=April 28, 2009|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref>
}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop music|Pop]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Island Records|Island]]
* [[Teen Island Records|Teen Island]]
* [[RBMG Records|RBMG]]
* [[School Boy Records|School Boy]]
* [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Ariana Grande]]
* [[Chance the Rapper]]
* [[Diplo]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
* [[Lil Twist]]
* [[Maejor]]
* [[Skrillex]]
* [[Usher (musician)|Usher]]
}}
| website = {{URL|justinbiebermusic.com}}
}}
}}

'''Justin Drew Bieber''' ({{IPAc-en|b|iː|b|ər}}; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer. He was discovered by American record executive [[Scooter Braun]] and signed with [[RBMG Records]] in 2008, gaining recognition with the release of his debut [[Extended play|EP]] ''[[My World (EP)|My World]]'' (2009) and soon establishing himself as a [[teen idol]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Preetam|title=Why is Justin Bieber both Famous and Infamous?|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-is-justin-bieber-both-famous-and-infamous-2011-11|access-date=April 25, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

Bieber's debut album, ''[[My World 2.0]]'' (2010), debuted atop the ''Billboard'' 200, making him the youngest solo male act to top the chart in 47 years.<ref name=":4" /> The album also contained the internationally successful single "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)|Baby]]", which became the highest certificated single of all time in the US.<ref name="yahoo_may2013">{{cite news|author=Glenn Peoples|date=May 17, 2013|title=Justin Bieber's 'Baby' With New Streaming Data Beats Out Elton John For RIAA's Top Platinum Single of All Time|work=Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1562681/justin-biebers-baby-with-new-streaming-data-beats-out|url-status=live|access-date=May 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520024912/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1562681/justin-biebers-baby-with-new-streaming-data-beats-out|archive-date=May 20, 2013}}</ref> His second album, ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]'' (2011), was the first [[Christmas album]] by a male artist to debut at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200,<ref name="BB200">{{cite web|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|date=November 9, 2011|title=Justin Bieber's 'Mistletoe' Brightens Billboard 200 with No. 1 Debut|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/465232/justin-biebers-mistletoe-brightens-billboard-200-with-no-1-debut|access-date=November 9, 2011|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> while his third album, ''[[Believe (Justin Bieber album)|Believe]]'' (2012), saw experimentation with [[dance-pop]] and mature themes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stewart|first=Allison|date=December 23, 2013|title=With 'Complete My Journals,' Justin Bieber ends a bad year with a bad album|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/with-complete-my-journals-justin-bieber-ends-a-bad-year-with-a-bad-album/2013/12/23/956f18fc-6be0-11e3-a523-fe73f0ff6b8d_story.html|access-date=December 3, 2020|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Following ''Believe'', Bieber's public image went through a drastic change through various controversies and legal issues during 2013 and 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rivera|first=Zayda|title=Justin Bieber confesses to 'rebelling a little bit': 'I was disappointed in myself'|newspaper=New York Daily News|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/justin-bieber-confesses-rebelling-bit-article-1.2219143|access-date=September 8, 2020}}</ref> leading to ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' dubbing him "Bad Boy" on their March 2014 issue.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoffman|first=Claire|last2=Hoffman|first2=Claire|date=2014-03-13|title=Justin Bieber: Bad Boy|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/justin-bieber-bad-boy-203535/|access-date=2021-04-29|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref>

His fourth album, ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'', was released in 2015. It was preceded by "[[Where Are Ü Now]]", a collaboration with [[Jack Ü]], which saw Bieber explore [[Electronic dance music|EDM]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Could Never Be the King of EDM, But These Are Some Great Remixes|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2014/03/justin-bieber-edm-remixes/|access-date=January 1, 2020|magazine=Complex}}</ref> and win the [[Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=February 15, 2016|title=Justin Bieber Wins His First Grammy Ever: See His Response|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/grammys/6875328/justin-bieber-wins-first-grammy-grammys-2016|access-date=August 12, 2020|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> ''Purpose'' produced three number-one singles: "[[What Do You Mean?]]", "[[Love Yourself]]", and "[[Sorry (Justin Bieber song)|Sorry]]". Bieber diversified on later collaborations, with "[[Cold Water (song)|Cold Water]]", "[[Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)|Let Me Love You]]", "[[I'm the One (DJ Khaled song)|I'm the One]]", and "[[I Don't Care (Ed Sheeran and Justin Bieber song)|I Don't Care]]" reaching the top five in the U.S., while his remix to "[[Despacito (Justin Bieber song)|Despacito]]" tied the then-record for [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most weeks at number one|most weeks atop the ''Billboard'' Hot 100]], and "[[10,000 Hours (song)|10,000 Hours]]" won the [[Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2021/music/news/2021-grammys-winners-list-1234926947/|title=Grammys 2021: The Complete Winners List|first=Ellise|last=Shafer|magazine=Variety|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref> His fifth album, ''[[Changes (Justin Bieber album)|Changes]]'' was released in 2020, while his sixth album, ''[[Justice (Justin Bieber album)|Justice]]'' (2021), produced the US number-one single "[[Peaches (Justin Bieber song)|Peaches]]".<ref name=":5" />

Among the world's [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists]], with over 150 million records sold, Bieber is credited with three [[Diamond Certified|Diamond]] certifications from the [[Riaa|RIAA]] for "Baby", "Sorry" and "Despacito". He has received [[List of awards and nominations received by Justin Bieber|numerous accolades]], including two [[Grammy Award]]s, a [[MTV Europe Music Award#Most nominated and winning artists|record 21 MTV Europe Music Awards]], 20 [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' Music Awards]], 18 [[American Music Award]]s, two [[Brit Awards]], four [[MTV Video Music Award]]s, and a [[Latin Grammy Award]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Wins His First-Ever Latin Grammy|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8039417/justin-bieber-wins-first-ever-latin-grammy|work=Billboard|access-date=November 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Bieber one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2011, and he was included on ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} list of the top ten [[Forbes Celebrity 100|most powerful celebrities]] in 2011, 2012, and 2013.<ref>Forbes 100:

* 2011: {{cite magazine|title=The World's Most Powerful Celebrities 2011|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2012/celebrities/celebrity-100_2011.html |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}
* 2012: {{cite news|title=Jennifer Lopez Tops Forbes Celebrity 100|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1685235/jennifer-lopez-forbes-celebrity-100/|last1=Mitchell|first1=John|publisher=[[MTV News]]|access-date=December 6, 2014}}
* 2013: {{cite magazine|author=Dorothy Pomerantz|date=June 26, 2013|title=Oprah Winfrey Regains No. 1 Slot On Forbes 2013 List Of The Most Powerful Celebrities|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/06/26/oprah-winfrey-regains-no-1-slot-on-forbes-2013-list-of-the-most-powerful-celebrities/|magazine=Forbes|access-date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> Outside music, Bieber's marriage to [[Hailey Baldwin]] has received considerable media attention, and he also starred in the concert films ''[[Justin Bieber: Never Say Never]]'' (2011) and ''[[Justin Bieber's Believe]]'' (2013), while his personal issues were chronicled in the documentary series ''[[Justin Bieber: Seasons]]'' (2020).

==Early life==
Bieber was born on March 1, 1994, at St Joseph's Hospital in [[London, Ontario]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=February 28, 2012 |title=Justin Bieber's Mom Joins Fight to Keep Canadian Pregnant Teen Shelter Open |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-biebers-mom-joins-fight-295774 |access-date=March 28, 2012}}</ref> and was raised in [[Stratford, Ontario]].<ref name=Parvis /> He is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and [[Pattie Mallette]], who were never married.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Bieber's Mom, Pattie Mallette: 7 Things to Know |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/11/justin-biebers-mom-pattie-mallette-7-things-to-know/ |last=Marikar |first=Sheila |date=November 19, 2012 |work=ABC News |access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref> Mallette's mother Diane and stepfather Bruce helped her raise her son.<ref name="thestar">{{Cite news |last=Infantry |first=Ashante |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Justin Bieber guide added to hometown of Stratford's tourism website |work=Toronto Star |location=Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/article/809366--justin-bieber-guide-added-to-hometown-of-stratford-s-tourism-website |access-date=December 16, 2011}}</ref> Bieber's ancestry includes French-Canadian, Irish, English, Scottish, and German.{{Sfn | Bieber | 2010 | pp = 22, 23}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Bieber tops celebrity birthdays for March 1 – Celebrities – Entertainment |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2014/02/27/justin-bieber-tops-celebrity-birthdays-for-march-1 |website=Toronto Sun |access-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Bieber: One day with the most Googled name on the planet – Music – The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/nov/13/justin-bieber-interview |last=Jon Ronson |website=The Guardian |access-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref>

Through his father Jeremy, Bieber has three younger half-siblings. Jeremy and his ex-girlfriend Erin Wagner, who broke up in 2014 after seven years together, have two children, daughter Jazmyn and son Jaxon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomasos |first=Christine |date=March 4, 2014 |title=Justin Bieber's Dad Jeremy Splits From Longtime Girlfriend Erin Wagner |work=Celebeat |url=https://www.celebeat.com/articles/12441/20140304/justin-biebers-dad-jeremy-splits-from-longtime-girlfriend-erin-wagner.htm |access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> Jeremy married his girlfriend Chelsey in February 2018, and they have a daughter named Bay.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomasos |first=Christine |date=March 2, 2014 |title=Justin Bieber Birthday: Selena Gomez Not Part of Celebration That Included Father, Little Brother and Sister |work=The Christian Post |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/justin-bieber-birthday-selena-gomez-not-part-of-celebration-that-included-father-little-brother-and-sister-115460/ |access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bailey |first=Alyssa |date=August 16, 2018 |title=Justin Bieber Introduces the World to His New Baby Sister |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a22749425/justin-bieber-baby-sister-bay-bieber-instagram/ |access-date=August 16, 2018}}</ref> Bieber also has a stepsister named Allie, the daughter of his stepmother.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomasos |first=Christine |date=August 16, 2018 |title=Justin Bieber welcomes baby half sister |work=NewsDay |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/celebrities/justin-bieber-baby-half-sister-1.20505526 |access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> Pattie worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a single mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father.<ref name="nyimage">{{Cite news |last=Hoffman |first=Jan |date=December 31, 2009 |title=Justin Bieber is Living the Tween Idol Dream |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/fashion/03bieber.html}}</ref>

Bieber attended a [[French immersion|French-language immersion]] elementary school in Stratford, the [[Jeanne Sauvé|Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School]].<ref name="thestar" /> Growing up, he learned to play the piano, drums, guitar, and trumpet.<ref name="Parvis">{{Cite book |last=Parvis |first=Sarah E |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQ8YQQv45GkC&pg=PA13 |title=Kansas City, MO |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4494-0181-8 |editor-last=McMeel |editor-first=Andrews |location=London |pages=13–17 |access-date=August 4, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Colurso">{{Cite news |last=Colurso |first=Mary |date=December 17, 2010 |title=Temperature's rising as Justin brings Bieber fever to Birmingham |work=Alabama |url=http://blog.al.com/mcolurso/2010/12/temperatures_rising_as_justin.html |access-date=January 11, 2011}}</ref> He graduated from high school in [[Stratford, Ontario]], the [[St. Michael Catholic Secondary School]] in 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Bieber Graduates From High School |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/02/justin-bieber-graduates-high-school/?_r=0 |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 20, 2015}}</ref> with a 4.0 GPA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FYI: Justin Bieber Is Actually Smart, Reveals He Graduated High School With a 4.0 GPA |url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2015-07-15/justin-bieber-martha-stewart-interview-high-school-gpa/ |last=Laurie |first=Kaitlyn |website=Celebuzz! |publisher=Celebuzz.com |access-date=August 20, 2015}}</ref> In early 2007, aged 12, Bieber sang [[Ne-Yo]]'s "[[So Sick]]" for a local singing competition in Stratford and was placed second.<ref name = Colurso /><ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Usher Introduces Teen Singer Justin Bieber |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268791/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber |last=Mitchell |first=Gail |date=April 28, 2009 |website=Billboard |access-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref> Mallette posted a video of the performance on [[YouTube]] for their family and friends to see. She continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Bieber's popularity on the site grew.<ref name="herrera">{{Cite news |last=Herrera |first=Monica |date=July 13, 2009 |title='Time' is right for teen singer Justin Bieber |publisher=Thomson Reuters |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSTRE56I2BM20090719 |access-date=July 22, 2009}}</ref> In the same year, Bieber busked shows in front of Avon Theatre steps with a rented guitar during tourism season.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fishburn|first=Alison|date=February 11, 2020|title=How a small-town Canadian museum became a shrine to Justin Bieber|url=https://theoutline.com/post/8661/justin-bieber-museum-steps-to-stardom-stratford-perth-changes?zd=1&zi=365kyghn|work=The Outline|access-date=November 15, 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
===2008–2009: Career beginnings and ''My World''===
[[File:Justin Bieber 2.png|thumb|right|Bieber at a signing event in 2009|255x255px]]When searching for videos of a different singer, [[Scooter Braun]], a former marketing executive of [[So So Def Recordings]], clicked on one of Bieber's 2007 [[YouTube]] videos by accident.<ref name="nyimage"/> Impressed, Braun tracked down the theatre Bieber was performing in, located Bieber's school, and finally contacted Mallette, who was reluctant because of Braun's Judaism. She remembered praying, "God, I gave him to you. You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label!", and, "God, you don't want this Jewish kid to be Justin's man, do you?" However, church elders convinced her to let Bieber go with Braun. At 13, Bieber went to [[Atlanta]], Georgia, with Braun to record demo tapes.<ref name="nyimage"/> Bieber began singing for [[Usher (singer)|Usher]] one week later.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://neonlimelight.com/2009/08/11/neon-limelight-interviews-usher-protege-justin-bieber-accidental-star/ |title=Neon Limelight Interviews: Usher Protegé Justin Bieber: Accidental Star|work= Neon Limelight |author= TJ|date= August 11, 2009|access-date=August 11, 2009}}</ref>

Bieber was soon signed to [[RBMG Records|Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG)]], a joint venture between Braun and Usher.<ref name="coverstory">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/959001/justin-bieber-the-billboard-cover-story|title=Justin Bieber – The Billboard Cover Story|last=Herrera|first=Monica|date=March 19, 2010|work=Billboard|access-date=May 7, 2010}}</ref> [[Justin Timberlake]] was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber but lost the bidding war to Usher (partly because of the idea that two associated Justins would confuse the market).<ref name="coverstory"/><ref name="Vena">{{cite web|url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621324/usher-justin-timberlake-battled-it-out-justin-bieber.jhtml | title= Usher and Justin Timberlake Battled It Out For Justin Bieber|last1= Vena|first1= Jocleyn|last2= Kos|first2= Saimon|date= September 12, 2009 | publisher = MTV | access-date=January 11, 2011}}</ref>

Usher then sought assistance in finding a label home for the artist from then manager [[Chris Hicks (record executive)|Chris Hicks]], who helped engineer an audition with his contact [[L.A. Reid]] of [[The Island Def Jam Music Group]].<ref name="hitquarters">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_CH.html | title = Interview with Chris Hicks|publisher= [[HitQuarters]]|date= August 23, 2011|access-date=August 25, 2011}}</ref> Reid signed Bieber to [[Island Records]] in October 2008 (resulting in a joint venture between RBMG and [[Island Records]]) and appointed Hicks as executive Vice-President of Def Jam, where he could manage Bieber's career at the label.<ref name="mitchell"/><ref name = "herrera"/><ref name = "coverstory" /><ref name="hitquarters"/> Bieber then moved to Atlanta with his mother to pursue further work with Braun and Usher.<ref name="coverstory"/> Braun became Bieber's manager in 2008.<ref name="herrera" />
[[File:Justin Bieber 2010 2.jpg|left|thumb|279x279px|Bieber performing at the 2010 [[White House Easter Egg Roll]], displaying his trademark earlier haircut]]
Bieber's first single, "[[One Time (Justin Bieber song)|One Time]]", was released to radio while Bieber was still recording his debut album.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{Cite news |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268791/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber|title= Usher Introduces Teen Singer Justin Bieber|last=Mitchell|first=Gail|date=April 28, 2009|work=Billboard|publisher=e5 Global Media}}</ref> The song reached number 12 on the [[Canadian Hot 100]] during its first week of release in July 2009<ref name="herrera" /> and later peaked at number 17 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart in the United States. During fall 2009, it had success in international markets.<ref name="BABYBILL"/> The song was [[Platinum record|certified platinum]] in Canada and the US and [[Gold record|gold]] in Australia and New Zealand.<ref name="ARIA">{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_singles.asp?chart=1U50|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208082123/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_singles.asp?chart=1U50|archive-date=February 8, 2010|title=Justin Bieber AIRA Singles Certification|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|work=ARIA Charts|access-date=March 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="RIANZ">{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart |quote=Note: Week commence on Monday, March 29, 2010 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of New Zealand |access-date=March 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323190927/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archive-date=March 23, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="RIAA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50 |title=RIAA – Gold and Platinum – June 15, 2010 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=January 10, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405034755/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50 |archive-date=April 5, 2013}}</ref> His first release, an [[extended play]] titled ''[[My World (EP)|My World]]'', was released on November 17, 2009. The album's second single, "[[One Less Lonely Girl]]", and two promo singles, "[[Love Me (Justin Bieber song)|Love Me]]" and "[[Favorite Girl]]", were released exclusively on the [[iTunes Store]] and charted within the top 40 of the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref name="BABYBILL"/>

"One Less Lonely Girl" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top 20 in Canada and the US, and was certified gold in the latter.<ref name="BABYBILL"/> ''My World'' was eventually certified platinum in the US and double platinum in both Canada and the United Kingdom.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 |title=Justin Bieber RIAA album certifications |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] |access-date=January 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101194153/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50 |archive-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="PlatinumCanada">{{cite news|url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php#album |title=November 2010 – Gold & Platinum Certifications |publisher=Canadian Recording Industry Association |access-date=December 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430201954/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archive-date=April 30, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Award - bpi |url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/8584-2321-2 |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]] |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> To promote the album, Bieber performed on several live shows such as [[mtvU]]'s VMA 09 Tour, European program ''[[The Dome (TV program)|The Dome]]'', [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]]'s ''[[The Next Star]]'', ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|The Today Show]]'',<ref name="Island DefJam article">{{Cite news|url=http://www.islanddefjam.com/artist/news_single.aspx?nid=5118&artistID=7342|title=The Today Show + Justin Bieber=Awesome|date=September 11, 2009|work=Island Def Jam|publisher=Universal Music Group|access-date=September 22, 2009}}</ref><ref name="VMATour">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/videos/misc/434200/one-time-live.jhtml|title=MTVU VMA Tour live performances |date=September 9, 2009|publisher=MTV| access-date=September 28, 2009}}</ref> ''[[The Wendy Williams Show]]'', ''[[Lopez Tonight]]'', ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'', ''[[It's On with Alexa Chung]]'', ''[[Good Morning America]]'', ''[[Chelsea Lately]]'', and [[BET]]'s ''[[106 & Park]]''. Bieber also guest starred in an episode of ''[[True Jackson, VP]]'' in late 2009.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Adam|first1=Markovitz|title=Justin Bieber on 'True Jackson, VP': Watch an exclusive clip|url=https://ew.com/article/2009/11/11/justin-bieber-true-jackson-vP|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=May 8, 2015}}</ref>

Bieber performed [[Ron Miller (songwriter)|Ron Miller]] and Bryan Wells's "Someday at Christmas" for US President [[Barack Obama]] and first lady [[Michelle Obama]] at the [[White House]] for ''[[Christmas in Washington]]'', which aired on December 20, 2009, on US television broadcaster [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/12/02/justin-bieber-joins-mary-j-blige-and-others-for-christmas-in-washington/ |title= Justin Bieber joins Mary J Blige and others for 'Christmas In Washington'| date= December 2, 2009| last= Ram| first = Archana | work= Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> Bieber was also one of the performers for ''[[Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve]]'' with [[Ryan Seacrest]], on December 31, 2009.<ref name="NewYears">{{cite press release|url = http://www.nbcmiami.com/entertainment/television/Fergie_Joins_Dick_Clark__Ryan_Seacrest_As_West_Coast_Host_Of_Annual__New_Year_s_Rockin__Eve_-78714997.html |title=Fergie to host New Year's celebration with Dick Clark and Ryan Seacrest|date=December 7, 2009 |publisher= NBC Universal|work= NBC Miami}}</ref>

===2010–2011: ''My World 2.0'' and ''Never Say Never''===
Bieber was a presenter at the [[52nd Annual Grammy Awards]] on January 31, 2010. He was invited to be a vocalist for [[We Are the World 25 for Haiti|the remake]] of "[[We Are the World]]" (a song written by [[Michael Jackson]] and [[Lionel Richie]]) for its 25th anniversary to benefit [[Haiti]] after [[2010 Haiti earthquake|the earthquake]]. Bieber sings the opening line, which was sung by [[Lionel Richie]] in the original version.<ref name="WeAretheworld2">{{cite web|url = http://www.mtv.com/news/1631018/we-are-the-world-remake-brings-lil-wayne-kanye-west-pink-usher-more-together-for-haiti/|title='We Are The World' Remake Brings Lil Wayne, Kanye West, Pink, Usher, More Together For Haiti|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|publisher=MTV News|date= February 2, 2010|access-date=February 2, 2010}}</ref>

On March 12, 2010, a version of [[K'naan]]'s "[[Wavin' Flag]]", recorded by a collective of Canadian musicians known as [[Young Artists for Haiti]], was released. Bieber is featured in the song, performing the closing lines.{{Sfn | Shapiro | 2010 | p = [https://books.google.com/?id=LyrqE1c66mwC&pg=PA136 136]}}

In January 2010, "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)|Baby]]" was released from his debut album ''[[My World 2.0]]''. The song featured [[Ludacris]], and became an international hit. It charted at number five on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100, peaked at number three on the [[Canadian Hot 100]]<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Justin Bieber – Chart History|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/305459/Justin%2BBieber/chart?page=2&f=793|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> and reached the top ten in several international markets.<ref name="BABYBILL">{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=justin bieber|chart=all}}|title=Justin Bieber Chart History|work=Billboard|publisher=e5 Global Media|access-date=March 11, 2010}}</ref> Two promo singles, "[[Never Let You Go (Justin Bieber song)|Never Let You Go]]" and "[[U Smile]]", were top thirty hits on the US Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada.<ref name="BABYBILL"/> According to review aggregator [[Metacritic]], the album has received generally favourable reviews.<ref name="Metacritic">{{cite web|url=https://metacritic.com/music/artists/bieberjustin/myworld20?part=rss | title =Justin Bieber – My World 2.0 |access-date=March 23, 2010|work=Metacritic|publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref> It debuted at number one on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], making Bieber the youngest solo male act to top the chart since [[Stevie Wonder]] in 1963.<ref name=":4">{{cite web| url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/958784/justin-bieber-tops-billboard-200-with-my-world-20 | title= Justin Bieber Tops Billboard 200 With 'My World 2.0'|publisher= e5 Global Media|work = Billboard | date =March 31, 2010}}</ref> ''My World 2.0'' also debuted at number one on the [[Canadian Albums Chart]], [[Irish Albums Chart]], [[Australian Albums Chart]], and the [[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|New Zealand Albums Chart]]<ref name="BABYBILL" /> and reached the top ten of fifteen other countries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://acharts.us/album/52011|title=Justin Bieber – My World – Music Charts|access-date=April 14, 2010 |work=αCharts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://acharts.us/album/54188|work= αCharts|title= Justin Bieber – My World 2.0 – Music Charts | access-date=April 14, 2010}}</ref>

To promote the album, Bieber appeared on several live programs including ''[[The View (U.S. TV series)|The View]]'', the 2010 [[Kids' Choice Awards]], ''[[Nightline]]'', ''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]'', ''[[The Dome (TV program)|The Dome]]'' and ''[[106 & Park]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jsyk.com/2010/03/23/justin-bieber-makes-millions-happy-with-the-release-of-my-world/ | title = Justin Bieber Makes Millions Happy With the Release of 'My World 2.0' | publisher = AOL | work = JSYK | access-date = March 23, 2010 | date = March 23, 2010 | last = Cheung | first = Nadine | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100325015332/http://www.jsyk.com/2010/03/23/justin-bieber-makes-millions-happy-with-the-release-of-my-world/ | archive-date = March 25, 2010 | url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> [[Sean Kingston]] appeared on the album's next single "[[Eenie Meenie]]". The song reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the top-twenty of most other markets. On April 10, 2010, Bieber was the musical guest on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.longislandpress.com/2010/02/21/justin-bieber-coming-back-to-ny-for-saturday-night-live/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232318/http://www.longislandpress.com/2010/02/21/justin-bieber-coming-back-to-ny-for-saturday-night-live/|archive-date = July 13, 2011 |title=Justin Bieber Coming Back To NY For Saturday Night Live|work=Long Island Press|access-date=April 10, 2010|date=February 21, 2010}}</ref> On July 4, 2010, Bieber performed at the [[Macy's]] Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ikBY9CwvRqvB7M_GA8M9NJbrK35wD9GOJFEG0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708220110/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ikBY9CwvRqvB7M_GA8M9NJbrK35wD9GOJFEG0|archive-date=July 8, 2010|title=Fireworks follow sun-scorched July{{nbsp}}4{{nbsp}}festivals|agency=The Associated Press|access-date=July 4, 2010|date=July 4, 2010|last=Beja|first=Marc}}</ref> The following single from ''[[My World 2.0]]'', "[[Somebody to Love (Justin Bieber song)|Somebody to Love]]", was released in April 2010, and a [[remix]] was released featuring Bieber's mentor [[Usher (singer)|Usher]]. On June 23, 2010, Bieber went on his first official headlining tour, the [[My World Tour]], starting in [[Hartford, Connecticut]], to promote ''My World'' and ''My World 2.0''. In May 2010, Bieber featured in [[Soulja Boy]]'s song "Rich Girl".<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/music/reviews/a7478/soulja-boy-featuring-justin-bieber/|title=New Music Featuring Justin Bieber!|work=Seventeen|access-date=October 18, 2018|date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> In July 2010, it was reported that Bieber was the most searched-for celebrity on the Internet.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/music/2010/07/07/14633631-wenn-story.html | title = Bieber the king of the Internet | newspaper = [[Toronto Sun]] | date = July 7, 2010}}</ref> That same month, his music video for "Baby" surpassed [[Lady Gaga]]'s "[[Bad Romance]]" (2009) as the most viewed, and also the most disliked, YouTube video ever.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bieber's 'Baby' YouTube's most-watched video |url=http://www.today.com/id/38284173/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/biebers-baby-youtubes-most-watched-video/|work=Today|access-date=March 30, 2011|date=July 16, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kosner|first=Anthony Wing|title=PSY's Gangnam Style Tops Bieber's Baby To Become Most Viewed YouTube Video Ever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2012/11/24/psys-gangam-style-tops-biebers-baby-to-become-most-viewed-youtube-video-ever/|magazine=Forbes|access-date=May 9, 2014|date=November 24, 2012}}</ref> However, [[Taylor Swift]]'s video for her single "[[Blank Space]]" (2014) surpassed its number of views in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6737360/taylor-swift-blank-space-vevo-record-most-views | title=Taylor Swift's 'Blank Space' Is Now the Most Viewed Video on Vevo | work=Billboard | date=October 20, 2015 | access-date=October 20, 2015}}</ref> In September 2010, it was reported that Bieber accounted for 3% of all traffic on [[Twitter]], according to an employee of the social-networking site.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx|title= Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic|publisher=TVGuide |access-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Justin Bieber 2011 2.jpg|thumb|right|Bieber performing in Indonesia during his [[My World Tour]] in 2011]]
On ''My World 2.0'', Bieber's voice was noted to be deeper than it was in his debut [[extended play|EP]], due to [[vocal change|puberty]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1675015/justin-bieber-new-album/ | title=Justin Bieber Graduates To 'Adult Game' On New Album | publisher=MTV | date=November 28, 2011 | access-date=November 29, 2011 | author=Vena, Jocelyn}}</ref> In April 2010, the singer remarked regarding his vocals: "It cracks. Like every teenage boy, I'm dealing with it and I have the best vocal coach in the world{{nbsp}}... Some of the notes I hit on "Baby" I can't hit any more. We have to lower the key when I sing live."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/justin-biebers-voice-breaking_1140484 |title=Justin Bieber's Voice Breaking | date =April 27, 2010|publisher=Contact music |access-date=October 31, 2010}}</ref> Bieber guest-starred in the season premiere of the [[CBS]] American crime drama ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'', which aired on September 23, 2010. He played a "troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother", who is also a serial bomber. Bieber was also in a subsequent episode of the series, which aired on February 17, 2011, in which his character is killed.<ref>{{cite web|first=Willa|last=Paskin|title=Justin Bieber Got Shot and Killed on CSI Last Night|url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/02/justin_bieber_got_shot_and_kil.html|work=Vulture|access-date=May 9, 2014|date=February 18, 2011}}</ref> Bieber performed a medley of his singles "U Smile", "Baby", and "Somebody to Love", and briefly played the drums, at the [[2010 MTV Video Music Awards]] on September 12, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1647731/justin-biebers-triple-threat-vma-performance-making-the-show/ | title=Justin Bieber's Triple-Threat VMA Performance: Making The Show | publisher=MTV | date=September 13, 2010 | access-date=September 14, 2010 | last=Vena|first=Jocelyn}}</ref> Bieber announced in October 2010 that he would be releasing an acoustic album, called ''[[My Worlds Acoustic]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ziegbe|first=Mawuse|title=Justin Bieber Announces Acoustic Album Release Date|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1650709/justin-bieber-announces-acoustic-album-release-date/|publisher=MTV|access-date=October 25, 2010|date=October 24, 2010}}</ref> It was released on November 26, 2010 in the United States and featured acoustic versions of songs from his previous albums, and accompanied the release of a new song titled "[[Pray (Justin Bieber song)|Pray]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/11/10/justin-bieber-acoustic/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526102218/http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/11/10/justin-bieber-acoustic/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 26, 2012|title=How Will Justin Bieber's My Worlds Acoustic Rank Against Great Unplugged Albums?|publisher=MTV|date=November 10, 2010|access-date=November 14, 2010}}</ref>

A 3-D part-biopic, part-concert film starring Bieber entitled ''[[Justin Bieber: Never Say Never]]'', was released on February 11, 2011, directed by ''[[Step Up 3D]]'' director [[Jon Chu|Jon M. Chu]]. It topped the box office with an estimated gross of $12.4 million on its opening day from 3,105 theatres.<ref name="BOM">[https://boxofficemojo.com/daily/chart/?sortdate=2011-02-11&p=.htm Justin Bieber: Never Say Never]. [[Box Office Mojo]]. Retrieved February 12, 2011.</ref> It grossed $30.3 million for the weekend and was narrowly beaten by the romantic comedy ''[[Just Go with It]]'', which grossed $31 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellwood|first=Gregory|title=Box Office: 'Never Say Never' as Justin Bieber beats Adam Sandler Friday for no. 1|url=http://www.hitfix.com/articles/box-office-never-say-never-as-justin-bieber-beats-adam-sandler-friday-for-no-1|publisher=Hit Fix|access-date=February 13, 2011|date=February 12, 2011}}</ref> ''Never Say Never'' reportedly exceeded industry expectations, nearly matching the $31.1 million grossed by [[Miley Cyrus]]'s 2008 3-D concert film, [[Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert]], which holds the record for the top debut for a music-documentary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3080&p=.htm|title='Just', 'Justin', 'Juliet' Jumpin'|website=Box Office Mojo|date=February 14, 2011|access-date=February 14, 2011}}</ref> ''Never Say Never'' grossed a total of $98,441,954 worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bieber3d.htm|title=Justin Bieber: Never Say Never (2011)|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=August 16, 2012}}</ref> The film is accompanied by his second remix album, ''[[Never Say Never – The Remixes]]'', released February 14, 2011, and features remixes of songs from his debut album, with guest appearances from [[Miley Cyrus]], [[Chris Brown]], and [[Kanye West]], among others.<ref name="Dinh2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1656968/justin-bieber-never-say-never-remixes.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber's Never Say Never – The Remixes Due Valentine's Day|work=[[MTV News]] (Viacom)|access-date=January 31, 2011|date=January 31, 2011|first=James|last=Dinh}}</ref> One song from the album, "[[That Should Be Me|That Should Be Me (remix)]]", featured with American country band [[Rascal Flatts]], won him his first award in country music for Collaborative Video of the Year in ''[[CMT Music Awards]]'' in June 2011. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Bieber one of the 100 most influential people in the world on [[Time 100|their annual list]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Justin Bieber, Bruno Mars, Chris Colfer Make Time's 100 Most Influential List | date = April 21, 2011 | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/1662416/time-100-most-influential-people-justin-bieber/ | newspaper = MTV | location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> In June 2011, Bieber was ranked No.{{nbsp}}2 on the [[Forbes]] list of Best-Paid Celebrities under 30. He is the youngest star, and 1 of 7 musicians on the list, having raked in $53 million in a 12-month period.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2011/06/09/top-earning-celebrities-under-30_slide_3.html|title=Full List: The Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30|work=Forbes|access-date=June 13, 2011|first=Dorothy|last=Pomerantz}}</ref> The same month, his collaborative single "[[Next to You (Chris Brown song)|Next to You]]" with American singer [[Chris Brown]] has released. The unfinished video for that song was leaked online on June 6, and the official video was released on June 17. On November 1, 2011, Bieber released the [[Christmas music|Christmas-themed]] ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]'', his second studio album. It debuted at No.{{nbsp}}1 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], selling 210,000 copies in its first week of release.<ref name="bb200">{{cite web|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/465232/justin-biebers-mistletoe-brightens-billboard-200-with-no-1-debut|title=Justin Bieber's 'Mistletoe' Brightens Billboard 200 with No. 1 Debut|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=November 9, 2011|access-date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> The first single from the album, "[[Mistletoe (Justin Bieber song)|Mistletoe]]" peaked at number one on the US ''Billboard'' Holiday Digital Songs chart.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/464633/justin-bieber-hangs-mistletoe-atop-holiday-songs-chart|title=Justin Bieber Hangs 'Mistletoe' Atop Holiday Songs Chart|work=Billboard|access-date=October 19, 2018|first=Gary|last=Trust}}</ref> Bieber re-recorded Mariah Carey's single "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" with Carey as well for the album.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-19-1285020|title=Mariah Carey and Justin Bieber team up for new version of 'All I Want For Christmas Is You'|work=NME|access-date=October 19, 2018|author=}}</ref>

===2012–2014: ''Believe'', ''Journals'', and other appearances===
In late 2011, Bieber began recording his third studio album, entitled ''[[Believe (Justin Bieber album)|Believe]]''. The following week, Bieber appeared on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'' to announce that the first single would be called "[[Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song)|Boyfriend]]", and was released on March 26, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|title=Justin Bieber Announces New Single, 'Boyfriend'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1680212/justin-bieber-boyfriend-single/|publisher=MTV|access-date=March 2, 2012|date=March 1, 2012}}</ref> The song debuted at number two on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart, selling a total of 521,000 digital units, the second-highest-ever debut digital sales week.<ref name= debut>{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/497102/justin-biebers-boyfriend-debuts-at-no-2-on-hot-100 | title =Justin Bieber's 'Boyfriend' Debuts at No. 2 on Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|date= April 4, 2012 |access-date=April 4, 2012| work = Billboard| publisher= Prometheus Global Media}}</ref> Bill Werde of ''Billboard'' noted that it failed to debut at number one because the digital download of the track was available only through the [[iTunes Store]], "restricting the buying option for those [who] do not frequent the Apple retail store".<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/editor-s-note-what-role-did-bundling-and-1006670752.story|title=Editor's Note: What Role Did Bundling and Exclusives Play in Madonna and Justin Bieber's Big Debuts?|date=April 4, 2012|work=Billboard|access-date=April 4, 2012| last = Werde |first= Bill}}</ref> "Boyfriend" became Bieber's first single ever to reach the top position on the [[Canadian Hot 100]] by debuting at number one and staying on for one week.<ref name=debut /> Bieber was featured on American [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] group [[Far East Movement]]'s song "[[Live My Life (song)|Live My Life]]", from their fourth studio album ''[[Dirty Bass]]'', in February 2012. The song emerged online five days before its scheduled release date and peaked within the top thirty of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/editor-s-note-what-role-did-bundling-and-1006670752.story|title=Justin Bieber and Far East Movement collaborate on Live My Life|date=February 24, 2012 |work=Metro |publisher=Metro|access-date=October 18, 2018| last = Reporter |first= Metro Web}}</ref> The first promotional single from the album, "[[Die in Your Arms]]", was released on May 29, 2012 and the second promotional single, "[[All Around the World (Justin Bieber song)|All Around the World]]" featuring American rapper [[Ludacris]], followed the next week.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://metro.co.uk/2012/05/29/justin-biebers-new-single-die-in-your-arms-released-online-448529/|title=Justin Bieber's new single Die In Your Arms released online|date=May 29, 2012 |work=Metro |publisher=Metro |access-date=January 10, 2019| last = Deen|first= Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.eonline.com/news/321246/first-listen-justin-bieber-joined-by-ludacris-for-all-around-the-world-single|title=First Listen! Justin Bieber Joined by Ludacris for "All Around the World" Single |date=June 5, 2012|work=E! News|publisher=E!News|access-date=January 10, 2019| last = Macatee|first= Rebecca}}</ref> The second single from ''Believe'', "[[As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)|As Long as You Love Me]]" featuring rapper [[Big Sean]], was released on June 11, 2012. It peaked at number six on the ''[[Billboard Hot 100]]''.<ref>{{cite news | title = Justin Bieber To Release 'As Long as You Love Me' as Second 'Believe' Single| date = June 27, 2012 | url = https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/justin-bieber/news/as-long-as-you-love-me-single/ | newspaper = Capital| location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref>

[[File:Believe Tour 12, 2012.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Bieber performing during his [[Believe Tour]] in October 2012]]

His third studio album, ''Believe'', was released on June 19, 2012 by [[Island Records]]. The album marked a musical departure from the [[teen pop]] sound of his previous releases, and incorporated elements of [[dance-pop]] and [[contemporary R&B|R&B]] genres.<ref name="BILLBOARDBIO">{{cite web|url= {{BillboardURLbyName|artist=justin bieber|bio=true}} |title= Justin Bieber Biography & Awards|work= Billboard|access-date=June 15, 2010}}</ref> Intent on developing a more "mature" sound, Bieber collaborated with a wide range of urban producers for the release as well as some long-time collaborators, including [[Rodney Jerkins|Darkchild]], [[Hit-Boy]], [[Diplo]], and [[Max Martin]]. ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' praised Bieber's musical shift, calling the album both a "reinvention and a reintroduction".<ref name="ew">{{cite magazine|last=Anderson|first=Kyle|url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,20603635,00.html|title=Believe (2012)|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=June 13, 2012|access-date=June 17, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' noted the deeper voice and more "intense" beats found on the album, although it lampooned one of his euphemisms for newfound sexual maturity ("If you spread your wings, you can fly away with me").<ref name = "rs">{{cite magazine| last= Dolan|first= Jon| url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/believe-20120615 | title = Believe | magazine =[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 15, 2012|access-date=June 17, 2012}}</ref> ''Believe'' debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], becoming his fourth number-one album.<ref>{{cite news | title = Mumford & sons' 'Babel' fastest seller of 2012 | date = October 3, 2012 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/oct/03/mumford-sons-babel-fastest-seller-2012 | newspaper = The Guardian | location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | title= Mumford & sons' 'Babel' scores biggest debut | magazine = Billboard.com | url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/474818/mumford-sons-babel-scores-biggest-debut-of-year-bows-at-no-1-on-billboard-200|access-date=November 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="bbdebut">{{cite web|last = Caulfield | first= Keith|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/482565/justin-biebers-believe-is-years-biggest-debut-bows-at-no-1|title= Official: Justin Bieber's 'Believe' Is Year's Biggest Debut, Bows at No. 1|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date= June 26, 2012| access-date=June 27, 2012}}</ref> The album sold 57,000 copies in its first week in Canada, debuting atop the [[Canadian Albums Chart]].<ref name="canada">{{cite web|last=Dowling|first=Marianne|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/B/Bieber_Justin/2012/06/27/19925461.html|title=Bieber's 'Believe' debuts at Nº 1|publisher=[[Jam!]] [[Canadian Online Explorer|CANOE]]|date=June 27, 2012|access-date=June 27, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ApYxNBML?url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/B/Bieber_Justin/2012/06/27/19925461.html|archive-date=September 21, 2012}}</ref> In September 2012, Bieber was featured on "[[Beautiful (Carly Rae Jepsen and Justin Bieber song)|Beautiful]]", a song from [[Carly Rae Jepsen]]'s second studio album, ''[[Kiss (Carly Rae Jepsen album)|Kiss]]'' (2012).<ref>{{cite news | title = 'Beautiful': Carly Rae Jepsen & Justin Bieber's Song Mirrors One Direction's Hit (AUDIO)| date = September 5, 2012 | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/05/beautiful-carly-rae-jepsen-justin-bieber_n_1859187.html | newspaper = HuffPost | location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> In October 2012, the third single from ''Believe'', "[[Beauty and a Beat]]" featuring rapper [[Nicki Minaj]], was released. The music video held the record for the most video views in 24 hours when it was released, with 10.6 million views.<ref>{{cite news | title = Justin Bieber's 'Beauty And A Beat' Video Confirms "Personal Footage" Theft Was A Hoax| date = October 12, 2012 | url = https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/justin-bieber/news/beauty-and-a-beat-video-hoax/ | newspaper = Capital| location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref>

The [[Believe Tour]], which further promoted the album, began in September 2012 in [[Glendale, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/05/30/nbc-presents-justin-bieber-all-around-the-world-thursday-june-21/136186/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120629053129/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/05/30/nbc-presents-justin-bieber-all-around-the-world-thursday-june-21/136186/ |url-status = dead |archive-date = June 29, 2012 |title= NBC Presents 'Justin Bieber: All Around the World' Thursday, June 21 |publisher= TV By the Numbers |date = May 30, 2012 |access-date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> On December 14, 2012, Bieber appeared on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'', where he announced plans to release an acoustic album titled ''[[Believe Acoustic]]'', which was released on January 29, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|title=Justin Bieber Confirms January 29 Release For Believe Acoustic EP|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1698931/justin-bieber-believe-acoustic-album/|publisher=MTV|access-date=December 15, 2012|date=December 14, 2012}}</ref>

Bieber returned to ''Saturday Night Live'' as the host and musical guest on the February 9, 2013 episode. His appearance was panned by critics<ref>[http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2013/02/11/justin-bieber-hosts-snl-whats-the-verdict/ "Justin Bieber hosts 'SNL': What's the verdict?"]. [[CNN Entertainment]]. February 11, 2013.</ref><ref>Ryan, Mike (February 10, 2013). [https://huffingtonpost.com/mike-ryan/snl-scorecard-justin-bieber_b_2657680.html "'SNL' Scorecard: Justin Bieber's Show Was All About Justin Bieber"]. ''[[The Huffington Post]]''.</ref> and cast members, including [[Kate McKinnon]], who said Bieber was not comfortable with his hosting duties, and [[Bill Hader]], who said he did not enjoy the presence of Bieber or his entourage. Hader added that in his eight years on the television program, Bieber was the only host who lived up to his reputation.<ref>Tewari, Nidhi (August 26, 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140829045729/http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/564035/20140826/justin-biber-snl-host-bad-book.htm#.U_3eRUhJnZd ""]. ''[[International Business Times]]''.</ref><ref>Gicas, Peter (May 23, 2013). [http://www.eonline.com/news/422260/bill-hader-compares-saturday-night-live-hosts-disses-justin-bieber-calls-justin-timberlake-a-class-act "Bill Hader Compares ''Saturday Night Live'' Hosts: Disses Justin Bieber, Calls Justin Timberlake a 'Class Act'"]. [[E! Online]].</ref>

On March 7, 2013, Bieber fainted backstage at London's [[The O2 Arena|O2 Arena]] after complaining of breathing problems throughout his concert performance and was taken to the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|title=BIEBER RECOVERING AFTER FAINTING AT LONDON CONCERT|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bieber-recovering-after-fainting-london-concert|agency=Associated Press|access-date=March 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014113446/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bieber-recovering-after-fainting-london-concert|archive-date=October 14, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Bieber cancelled his second [[Lisbon]], Portugal concert at the [[Pavilhão Atlântico]], which was to be held on March 12, because of low ticket sales. The concert held in the same venue on March 11 did go on as scheduled.<ref>{{cite news|title=JUSTIN BIEBER CANCELS Concert in Portugal|url=http://www.tmz.com/2013/03/10/justin-bieber-cancels-concert-portugal/|work=TMZ|access-date=March 12, 2013}}</ref> In mid-August 2013, a remixed duet version of Michael Jackson's previously unreleased song "[[Slave to the Rhythm (Michael Jackson song)|Slave to the Rhythm]]", featuring Bieber, [[Internet leak|leaked]] online.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/justin-bieber-michael-jackson-song-slave-2-the-rhythm-leaks-online-190813/ | title=Justin Bieber and Michael Jackson track 'Slave 2 the Rhythm' leaks online | publisher=MTV | date=August 19, 2013 | access-date=August 20, 2013 | author=Slight, Lucy | archive-date=July 16, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716155441/http://www.mtv.com.au/news/justin-bieber-michael-jackson-song-slave-2-the-rhythm-leaks-online-190813 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In response to criticism over this remix, the [[Michael Jackson Estate]] stated that it had not authorized the release of this recording, and has since made attempts to remove the song from as many web sites and YouTube channels as possible.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.inquisitr.com/912400/justin-bieber-michael-jackson-slave-to-the-rhythm-estate-releases-statement/ | title=Justin Bieber, Michael Jackson Duet: Estate Releases Statement | publisher=inquisitr.com | date=August 20, 2013 | access-date=May 21, 2014}}</ref> Later, a song titled "Twerk" by rapper [[Lil Twist]], featuring Bieber as well as [[Miley Cyrus]], also leaked.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/lil-twist/news/justin-bieber-miley-cyrus-twerk-lil-twist-track-leaks | title=Justin Bieber, Miley Cyrus 'Twerk' Lil Twist Track Leaks | publisher=MTV | date=August 29, 2013 | access-date=August 30, 2013}}</ref> In September, Bieber was featured in [[Maejor|Maejor Ali]]'s song "[[Lolly (song)|Lolly]]" with rapper [[Juicy J]].<ref name="Weekly, InTouch">{{cite web | url=https://www.intouchweekly.com/posts/has-justin-bieber-gone-too-far-in-new-song-lolly-listen-here-25514/ | title=Has Justin Bieber Gone Too Far in New Song "Lolly"? Listen Here! | publisher=InTouch | date=February 5, 2014 | access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> A music video for "Melodies", the debut single of American singer [[Madison Beer]], was released in the same month featuring Bieber in a cameo appearance.<ref name="MTV">{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2305391/madison-beer-justin-bieber-melodies-video/ | title=Even Justin Bieber's Impressed By Madison Beer's 'Melodies' Video! | publisher=MTV| date=September 13, 2013 | access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref>

On October 3, 2013, Bieber announced that he would release a new song every Monday for 10 weeks as a lead-up to the film ''[[Justin Bieber's Believe]]'', which entered production in May 2012 and was released on December 25, 2013. The film is a follow-up to Bieber's first theatrical film ''Justin Bieber: Never Say Never'', with Jon M. Chu returning as director.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman |first=Gil |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1701640/justin-bieber-believe-movie-theaters.jhtml |title=Justin Bieber 'Believe' Movie To Hit Theaters |publisher=MTV |date=February 8, 2013 |access-date=July 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman |first=Gil |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1714986/justin-bieber-heartbreaker-release-count-down.jhtml |title=Justin Bieber Starts Countdown To 'Heartbreaker' – Music, Celebrity, Artist News |publisher=MTV |date=October 3, 2013 |access-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/justin-bieber/392967-justin-bieber-new-song-all-that-matters-info-here |title=Justin Bieber Teases New Song 'All That Matters' |publisher=MTV UK |date=October 11, 2013 |access-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> The first song of Music Mondays, "[[Heartbreaker (Justin Bieber song)|Heartbreaker]]", was released on October 7. The second song, "[[All That Matters (Justin Bieber song)|All That Matters]]", was released on October 14, followed by "[[Hold Tight (Justin Bieber song)|Hold Tight]]" on October 21, "[[Recovery (Justin Bieber song)|Recovery]]" on October 28, "[[Bad Day (Justin Bieber song)|Bad Day]]" on November 4, and "[[All Bad]]" on November 11. The seventh song, "[[PYD (song)|PYD]]" featuring [[R. Kelly]], was released on November 18; it was followed by "[[Roller Coaster (Justin Bieber song)|Roller Coaster]]" on November 25, and "[[Change Me (Justin Bieber song)|Change Me]]" on December 2. The final song, "[[Confident (Justin Bieber song)|Confident]]" featuring [[Chance the Rapper]], was released on December 9, 2013. That same day, it was announced that all 10 tracks will be featured on an upcoming collection called ''[[Journals (album)|Journals]]''. It reportedly featured five additional unreleased songs, a music video for "All That Matters", and a trailer for ''[[Justin Bieber's Believe|Believe]]''. ''Journals'' was only available for purchase via iTunes for a limited time only: from December 23, 2013, to January 9, 2014. The titles of the five new additional songs are: "One Life", "Backpack" featuring [[Lil Wayne]], "What's Hatnin' " featuring [[Future (rapper)|Future]], "Swap It Out", and "Memphis" featuring [[Big Sean]] and [[Diplo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/12/13/justin-bieber-delays-journals/ |title=Justin Bieber Delays 'Journals' |work=Rap-Up |date=December 13, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref> Bieber released a song titled "[[Home to Mama]]" featuring Australian singer [[Cody Simpson]] in November 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McGahan|first1=Michelle|title=Justin Bieber and Cody Simpson's 'Home to Mama' Will Make You Swoon [LISTEN]|url=http://popcrush.com/justin-bieber-cody-simpsons-home-to-mama-listen/| website = popcrush.com|publisher=Popcrush|access-date=August 20, 2015}}</ref> The same month, Bieber topped ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' magazine's [[Forbes 30 Under 30|''Forbes'' 30 Under 30]] annual ranking, which lists the highest-earning celebrities under 30 for that year.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pomerantz|first1=Dorothy|title=Justin Bieber Tops Forbes' List Of The Highest-Earning Celebrities Under 30|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2014/11/24/justin-bieber-tops-forbes-list-of-the-highest-earning-celebrities-under-30/#3e1931521a73|work=Forbes|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref>

Because of the disbanding of [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]]'s division, The Island Def Jam Music Group, in April 2014, Bieber and a number of artists were subsequently transferred to another Universal Music-related division, [[Def Jam Recordings]], causing Bieber to no longer be signed to Island Records.<ref name="The NY Times">{{cite news|last1=Sisario|first1=Ben|title=Universal Music Group Breaks Up Its Island Def Jam Division|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/02/business/media/universal-music-group-breaks-up-its-island-def-jam-division.html?_r=1|access-date=September 1, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/artists?legacy=0 |title=Artists Archive |publisher=Def Jam |date=April 17, 2014 |access-date=November 13, 2015}}</ref>

===2015–2017: ''Purpose''===
[[File:Justin Bieber and Scooter Braun in Rosemont, Illinois (2015).jpg|thumb|left|Bieber and his manager [[Scooter Braun]] in Rosemont, Illinois in 2015]]
In February 2015, Bieber released a song "[[Where Are Ü Now]]", with [[Jack Ü]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Warwick|first1=Charlotte|title=Justin Bieber releases AMAZING remix of old song 'Where Are You Now' featuring Skrillex and Diplo|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/music/news/a1075545/justin-bieber-releases-where-are-you-now-remix/| website = sugarscape.com|publisher=Sugarscape|access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> The song won a [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] for Best Dance Recording at the [[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016 Grammy Awards]]. In March 2015, Bieber made an appearance in the music video for [[Carly Rae Jepsen]]'s single "[[I Really Like You]]".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Ashley|title=Watch Tom Hanks, Justin Bieber Dance in Carly Rae Jepsen's 'I Really Like You' Video|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/tom-hanks-justin-bieber-dance-779761|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=March 6, 2015}}</ref>

In March 2015, Bieber was the featured roastee in [[Comedy Central|Comedy Central's]] annual [[Comedy Central Roast|roast special]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bonner|first1=Mehera|title=Justin Bieber Roast on Comedy Central: Funniest Jokes About the "King Joffrey" of Pop, Martha Stewart, and More!|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/comedy-central-roast-of-justin-bieber-recap-the-10-funniest-jokes-2015313| website = usmagazine.com|publisher=Usmagazine|access-date=August 30, 2015}}</ref> Bieber filmed an episode for the Fox TV reality series ''[[Knock Knock Live]]'', and aired before the show was cancelled after two episodes.
On August 28, 2015, Bieber released a new single titled "[[What Do You Mean?]]" as the lead single from his fourth studio album ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]''. The song is a blend of teen pop, [[electronic dance music]] and acoustic R&B and became Bieber's first number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Benjamin|first1=Jess| title=Justin Bieber's New Album 'Purpose': See The Shirtless Cover Art|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2015/05/justin-bieber-new-album-complete-guide| website = Fuse|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2021}} He became the youngest male artist to debut at the top of that chart, earning him a [[Guinness World Record]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} On October 23, 2015, Bieber released the album's second single titled "[[Sorry (Justin Bieber song)|Sorry]]" as an instant download, with the pre-order of the album on iTunes. The song debuted at number two on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6663036/justin-bieber-next-album-november-13 |title=Justin Bieber: New Album Gets November 13 Release Date, Per Sources | work=Billboard |access-date=November 13, 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2021}} After eight non-consecutive weeks at number two, on the week charting January 23, 2016, "Sorry" climbed to the top spot of the chart and became Bieber's second number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} The third single from ''Purpose'', "[[Love Yourself]]" also peaked at number one in the US, making Bieber the first male artist in almost a decade to have three number-ones from an album since [[Justin Timberlake]] last did it with his album ''[[FutureSex/LoveSounds]]'' in 2006/2007.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} "Company" was announced as the fourth single on March 8, 2016.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} On February 12, 2016, Bieber's first four albums were released on vinyl for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title = Justin Bieber's First Four Releases Coming On Vinyl In February 2016, Including 'Journals' {{!}} Idolator|url = http://www.idolator.com/7618572/justin-bieber-albums-vinyl-february-2016-journals| website = Music News, Reviews, and Gossip on Idolator.com|access-date =February 17, 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Justin Bieber at the BRIT Awards 2016.jpg|thumb|Bieber during a performance at the 2016 [[Brit Awards]] at [[The O2 Arena|the O2 Arena]] in London, England]]
''Purpose'' was released on November 13, 2015, and debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200, becoming Bieber's sixth album to debut at the top of that chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6770300/justin-bieber-scores-sixth-no-1-album-on-billboard-200-charts-purpose|title=Justin Bieber Scores Sixth No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Purpose'|work=Billboard|access-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/6678427/justin-bieber-what-do-you-mean-track-review | title=Justin Bieber Finds The Answer on 'What Do You Mean?': Track Review | work=Billboard | date=August 28, 2015 | access-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref> It was the fourth best-selling album of 2015 with worldwide sales of 3.1 million copies.<ref name="IFPI2016">{{cite web|title=Global Music Report|url=http://www.ifpi.org/downloads/GMR2016.pdf|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|date=April 12, 2016|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> As of June 2016, it had sold 4.5 million copies globally.<ref name="wwsales">{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber's Company Video Offers Blond Hair Porn, Tour Life, Emotions and More|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/3182386/justin-bieber-company-video/|author=Mackinley, Page|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=July 24, 2016|publisher=INQUISITR}}</ref> On November 11, 2015, Bieber announced he would embark on the [[Purpose Tour]]. The worldwide concert tour started in [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] on March 9, 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-details-massive-north-american-purpose-tour-20151111 | title=Justin Bieber Details Massive North American 'Purpose' Tour | work=Rolling Stone | date=November 11, 2015 | access-date=November 11, 2015}}</ref> On July 24, 2017, Bieber cancelled the remaining dates of his Purpose Tour "due to unforeseen circumstances".<ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber cancels final tour dates |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/24/entertainment/justin-bieber-tour-canceled/index.html| website = CNN|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Chiu|first1=Melody|title='Super Exhausted': Why Justin Bieber Canceled His Purpose World Tour|url=http://people.com/music/why-justin-bieber-canceled-purpose-world-tour/|access-date=July 25, 2017|magazine=People|date=July 24, 2017}}</ref>

On July 22, 2016, Bieber released a new single with [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] trio [[Major Lazer]] and Danish singer [[MØ]] titled "[[Cold Water (song)|Cold Water]]". It debuted at number two on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 songs chart, becoming Bieber's third number-two debut on the ranking, passing [[Mariah Carey]]'s record to become the artist with the most number-two debuts.<ref name="Hot 100">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7454444/major-lazer-justin-bieber-mo-cold-water-hot-100-sia|title=Major Lazer, Justin Bieber & MO's 'Cold Water' Splashes in at No. 2 on Hot 100 as Sia Stays Up Top|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 1, 2016|date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, Bieber was featured on French DJ [[DJ Snake]]'s single "[[Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)|Let Me Love You]]". The song peaked at number four on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Staff|first1=Billboard|title=Listen to Justin Bieber & DJ Snake's 'Let Me Love You' Collab|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/7461714/justin-bieber-dj-snake-let-me-love-you| website = billboard.com|publisher=billboard|access-date=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Later, Bieber was featured on American singer [[Post Malone]]'s single "[[Deja Vu (Post Malone song)|Deja Vu]]", which later appeared as the fourth single from the latter's debut studio album ''[[Stoney (album)|Stoney]]'' in September 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Getz|first1=Dana|title=Justin Bieber, Post Malone: Deja Vu released|url=https://ew.com/article/2016/09/09/justin-bieber-post-malone-deja-vu/| website = Entertainment|publisher=Entertainment|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> Bieber then appeared in the documentary ''Bodyguards: Secret Lives from the Watchtower'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Gets Real About Fan Encounters In New Documentary Trailer|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2953669/justin-bieber-fans-bodyguard-documentary/| website = MTV News|access-date=January 5, 2017}}</ref>

===2017–2019: Collaborations===
On April 16, 2017, Puerto Rican singers [[Luis Fonsi]] and [[Daddy Yankee]] released a remix for their song "[[Despacito]]" featuring Bieber. The song was Bieber's first release of 2017 and the first in which he sings in [[Spanish language|Spanish]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee Drop 'Despacito' Remix Featuring Justin Bieber: Listen|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7760528/luis-fonsi-justin-bieber-despacito/| website = Billboard|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> The remix boosted the original song to the Hot 100's Top 10, being the first mostly Spanish language top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 since [[Macarena (song)|Macarena]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Remix Boosts Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee's 'Despacito' to Hot 100's Top 10|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7768225/justin-bieber-remix-luis-fonsi-daddy-yankee-despacito-hot-100-top-10| website = Billboard|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> The remix is the most viewed song of all time on the crowdsourced media knowledge base [[Genius (website)|Genius]], with 21.2 million views.<ref>{{cite web|title=Genius Top Songs|url=https://genius.com/#top-songs| website = Genius|access-date=January 6, 2018}}</ref>

Bieber, along with rappers [[Quavo]], Chance the Rapper, and [[Lil Wayne]], provided vocals on [[DJ Khaled]]'s single "[[I'm the One (DJ Khaled song)|I'm the One]]", released on April 28, 2017. The song debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming Bieber's second number-one debut and his fourth song to top the chart.<ref name="I'm the One">{{cite web|title=DJ Khaled – Chart history {{!}} Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/299939/DJ+Khaled/chart?f=379| website = www.billboard.com|access-date=May 10, 2017|language=en}}</ref> One week later, "Despacito" topped the charts in the US, making the single the first mostly Spanish-language Hot 100 No. 1 in more than 20 years, becoming his fifth number one single and which made Bieber the first artist ever to notch new No. 1s in back-to-back weeks.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7793159/luis-fonsi-daddy-yankee-despacito-justin-bieber-number-one|title=Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee's 'Despacito,' Featuring Justin Bieber, Hits No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=May 15, 2017|access-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> On June 9, 2017, French DJ [[David Guetta]]'s single "[[2U (David Guetta song)|2U]]", in which Bieber was featured, was released. The first music video for "2U" features [[Victoria's Secret|Victoria's]] [[Victoria's Secret Swim Special|Secret]] models lip synching to the song.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/david-guetta/news/interview-david-guetta-about-2-u-justin-bieber-victorias-secret|title=We Spoke To David Guetta About '2U', Justin Bieber & Victoria's Secret {{!}} MTV UK|access-date=June 8, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.idolator.com/7664266/david-guetta-justin-bieber-cover-2u|title=David Guetta & Justin Bieber Reveal The Cover Of "2U"|date=June 7, 2017|work=idolator|access-date=June 8, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/7824746/victorias-secret-sara-sampaio-justin-bieber-david-guetta-2u|title=Victoria's Secret Model Sara Sampaio Teases Justin Bieber & David Guetta's '2U': Watch|work=Billboard|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref>

On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single "[[Friends (Justin Bieber and BloodPop song)|Friends]]" with American record producer and songwriter [[BloodPop]]. Songwriters [[Julia Michaels]] and [[Justin Tranter]] reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single "[[Sorry (Justin Bieber song)|Sorry]]" in 2015 on his studio album ''Purpose''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber's 'Friends' is his best song in ages|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/08/17/justin-bieber-friends-hear-his-brand-new-single-bloodpop/576152001/|author=McDermott, Page|date=August 18, 2017|access-date=August 18, 2017|newspaper=USA TODAY}}</ref> Bieber did not attend the [[60th Annual Grammy Awards|2018 Grammy Awards Show]] to perform the nominated song "Despacito", claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2018/01/justin-bieber-reportedly-to-skip-2018-grammys.html|title=Justin Bieber Will Spare Us His Bad Spanish by Reportedly Skipping the Grammys|work=Vulture|last=Lockett|first=Dee|date=January 26, 2018|access-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, Bieber reunited with DJ Khaled in "[[No Brainer (song)|No Brainer]]", co-featuring again with Chance the Rapper and Quavo. He also featured in the accompanying music video.<ref>{{cite web |title=DJ Khaled Drops 'No Brainer' Video Featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper |url=https://variety.com/2018/music/news/dj-khaled-no-brainer-featuring-justin-bieber-quavo-hear-listen-1202888306/ |website=variety.com |publisher=Variety |access-date=August 17, 2018 |date=July 27, 2018}}</ref>

On May 10, 2019, British singer [[Ed Sheeran]] and Bieber released the single "[[I Don't Care (Ed Sheeran and Justin Bieber song)|I Don't Care]]", from Sheeran's album ''[[No.6 Collaborations Project]]'' (2019). The pair had previously collaborated, with Sheeran co-writing Bieber's 2015 song "Love Yourself", and Major Lazer's 2016 song "Cold Water", which featured Bieber. "I Don't Care" became a worldwide hit, reaching number-one in 26 countries, while peaking at number 2 in the United States.<ref name="EOnline">{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1038328/why-fans-think-justin-bieber-and-ed-sheeran-are-collaborating-on-new-music|title=Why Fans Think Justin Bieber and Ed Sheeran Are Collaborating on New Music|last=Morin|first=Alyssa|date=3 May 2019|website=[[E! Online]]|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> Bieber later featured on a remix of [[Billie Eilish]]'s breakthrough single "[[Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song)|Bad Guy]]", which was released on July 11.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strauss |first1=Matthew |title=Justin Bieber Joins Billie Eilish on New "bad guy" Remix: Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/justin-bieber-joins-billie-eilish-on-new-bad-guy-remix-listen/ |website=Pitchfork |access-date=12 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On October 4, 2019, Bieber and country music duo [[Dan + Shay]] released the song "[[10,000 Hours (song)|10,000 Hours]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/10/04/justin-bieber-and-dan-shay-release-new-10000-hours-song-and-video/|title=Justin Bieber and Dan + Shay release new '10,000 Hours' song and video|first=Eric|last=Hegedus|date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> debuting at number four on the US ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/Dan-Shay/chart-history/HSI |title=Dan + Shay |website=Billboard.com |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>

=== 2020–present: ''Changes'', ''Justice'', and ''Freedom'' ===
On December 24, 2019, Bieber announced that he would be releasing his fifth studio album and embarking on his fourth concert tour in 2020.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/12/justin-bieber-announces-album-single-tour-docuseries|title=Justin Bieber Announces New Album, Tour, Docuseries and Single "Yummy"|website=Complex|access-date=February 19, 2020}}</ref> The album's first single, "[[Yummy (Justin Bieber song)|Yummy]]", was released on January 3, 2020. It debuted at number two on the ''Billboard Hot 100''.<ref name="billboard1">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/Justin-Bieber/chart-history/HSI |title=Justin Bieber |website=Billboard.com |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> On December 31, 2019, Bieber also released a trailer announcing his 10-episode YouTube Originals documentary series ''[[Justin Bieber: Seasons|Seasons]]'', which will appear in episodes on Mondays and Wednesdays, starting on January 27, 2020.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/dec/24/justin-bieber-announces-first-new-album-in-five-years|title=Justin Bieber announces first new album in five years|author=|date=December 24, 2019|access-date=February 19, 2020|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Appearing on ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'' on January 28, 2020, Bieber finally confirmed the release date of his fifth studio album, ''[[Changes (Justin Bieber album)|Changes]]'', to be February 14, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|author=Halle Kiefer |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/justin-bieber-announces-new-album-will-drop-valentines-day.html |title=Justin Bieber Announces New Album Will Drop Valentine's Day |website=Vulture.com |date=2020-01-28 |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> The same day, he also released a promotional single for the album, "[[Get Me (Justin Bieber song)|Get Me]]", featuring singer [[Kehlani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8549413/justin-bieber--changes-album-get-me|title=Justin Bieber Announces 'Changes' Album, Shares 'Get Me' With Kehlani: Stream It Now {{pipe}} Billboard|date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128100211/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8549413/justin-bieber--changes-album-get-me|archive-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> On February 7, Bieber released "[[Intentions (Justin Bieber song)|Intentions]]" (featuring [[Quavo]]) as the second single from the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8550388/justin-bieber-quavo-intentions |title=Justin Bieber & Quavo Team up For Powerful Music Video 'Intentions': Watch |website=Billboard.com |date=2020-02-07 |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> It reached number five on the ''Billboard Hot 100.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-15|title=DaBaby's "Rockstar" Tops Hot 100 for Second Week|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9402603/dababy-rockstar-number-one-second-week-hot-100|access-date=2020-06-16|website=Billboard}}</ref><ref name="billboard1"/> ''[[Changes (Justin Bieber album)|Changes]]'' was released on February 14 the Valentine's Day, debuting at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], his seventh US number-one album.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8551699/justin-bieber-changes-no-1-billboard-200-album-chart |title=Justin Bieber Earns Seventh No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Changes' |website=Billboard.com |date=2020-02-23 |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>

On January 27, 2020, at the premier of Bieber's ''Seasons'' documentary series, Bieber announced a new single, "La Bomba", featuring Colombian singer [[J Balvin]], in which Bieber would sing in both English and Spanish.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Willen |first1=Claudia |title=Justin Bieber sings in Spanish for upcoming track in new docuseries despite not speaking the language: 'I'm just good at imitating' |url=https://www.insider.com/justin-bieber-imitates-spanish-new-song-album-docuseries-video-2020-1 |publisher=Insider |access-date=20 April 2020 |date=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Flores |first1=Griselda |title=Are Justin Bieber and J Balvin Collaborating (Again)? |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/9325519/justin-bieber-j-balvin-la-bomba-video-collaboration |publisher=Billboard |access-date=20 April 2020 |date=28 February 2020}}</ref> On February 28, 2020, a clip of the music video shoot was leaked which included a portion of the song.<ref>{{cite web |title=Justin Bieber Hip Shaking and Spinning in New Music Video Shoot |url=https://www.tmz.com/2020/02/28/justin-bieber-j-balvin-dances-la-bomba-music-video/ |publisher=TMZ |access-date=20 April 2020 |date=28 February 2020}}</ref> On May 8, 2020 American singer [[Ariana Grande]] and Bieber released the single "[[Stuck with U]]", which topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ariana Grande & Justin Bieber's First Collab 'Stuck With U' Is Dropping & Here's Everything We Know About The Song |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/ariana-grande/justin-biebers-stuck-with-u-collab-song-2020/ |publisher=Capital FM |access-date=8 May 2020 |date=4 May 2020}}</ref>
On September 18, 2020, Bieber released a collaboration with [[Chance the Rapper]] titled "[[Holy (Justin Bieber song)|Holy]]", which Bieber called the start of his new era.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/18/entertainment/justin-bieber-chance-rapper-scli-intl/index.html|title=Justin Bieber and Chance the Rapper get 'Holy' in a star-studded new video|work=[[CNN]]|last=Spary|first=Sara|date=September 18, 2020|access-date=September 21, 2020}}</ref> It peaked at number three on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. "[[Holy (Justin Bieber song)|Holy]]" would be the first single from Bieber's upcoming sixth studio album. On October 15, 2020, he released "[[Lonely (Justin Bieber and Benny Blanco song)|Lonely]]", a collaboration with [[Benny Blanco]] which would be the second single from his upcoming album.<ref>{{cite news|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=October 15, 2020|title=Snapchat Now Lets You Add Songs to Posts, Launches With Preview of New Justin Bieber, Benny Blanco Track|url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/snapchat-sounds-songs-justin-bieber-benny-blanco-1234804771/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=October 20, 2020}}</ref> The song peaked at number twelve on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Bieber and [[J Balvin]] were featured on a remix of [[24kGoldn]]'s single, "[[Mood (song)|Mood]]", which was released on November 6, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Aniftos|first=Rania|date=November 6, 2020|title=Justin Bieber & J Balvin Add a New 'Mood' to 24kGoldn & Iann Dior's Official Remix|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9479280/justin-bieber-j-balvin-mood-24kgolden-iann-diorr|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=November 15, 2020}}</ref> On November 20, 2020, [[Shawn Mendes]] and Bieber released "[[Monster (Shawn Mendes and Justin Bieber song)|Monster]]", for Mendes' fourth studio album, ''[[Wonder (Shawn Mendes album)|Wonder]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9487143/shawn-mendes-justin-bieber-monster/|title=Shawn Mendes & Justin Bieber Face the 'Monster' Inside In Powerful New Single|publisher=Billboard|date=November 20, 2020|last=Aniftos|first=Rania|access-date=December 11, 2020}}</ref> It peaked at number eight on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. On January 1, 2021, Bieber released the third single "[[Anyone (Justin Bieber song)|Anyone]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/01/hear-justin-biebers-new-years-new-single-anyone.html|title=Justin Bieber Enters 2021 By Entering the Ring In His New Year's New 'Anyone' Video|website=[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]|date=January 1, 2021|last=Kiefer|first=Halle|access-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> from his upcoming studio album, and peaked at number six on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

On February 26, 2021, Bieber officially announced that his sixth studio album was to be called [[Justice (Justin Bieber album)|''Justice'']] and would be released on March 19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9532076/justin-bieber-announces-justice-album-date/|title=Justin Bieber Announces 'Justice' Album|website=Billboard}}</ref> On March 5, 2021, Bieber released the album's fourth single, "[[Hold On (Justin Bieber song)|Hold On]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9532992/justin-bieber-hold-on-single|title=Justin Bieber Hops on Motorcycle to Tease 'Hold On' Single|website=Billboard}}</ref> ''Justice'' was released on March 19, 2021, to generally positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peters |first1=Mitchell |title=Fans Choose Justin Bieber's 'Justice' Album as This Week's Favorite New Music |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9544002/justin-bieber-justice-album-best-new-music/ |website=Billboard |access-date=23 March 2021 |language=en |date=21 March 2021}}</ref> The fifth single, "[[Peaches (Justin Bieber song)|Peaches]]" was released on March 30, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Nicholas|date=March 19, 2021|title=Justin Bieber Drops New Album Justice and Accompanying Music Video for Latest Single 'Peaches'|url=https://people.com/music/justin-bieber-drops-justice-album-peaches-music-video/|access-date=March 19, 2021|website=People|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321113648/https://people.com/music/justin-bieber-drops-justice-album-peaches-music-video/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Justice'' debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], becoming Bieber's eight number-one project, while "Peaches" debuted at number one on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] becoming his seventh number-one single.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=McIntyre |first1=Hugh |title=Justin Bieber Invades The Hot 100 With Songs From His New Album 'Justice' |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/03/30/justin-bieber-invades-the-hot-100-with-songs-from-his-new-album-justice/?sh=477c32612444 |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=30 March 2021}}</ref> As a result, Bieber became the first solo male artist in history to simultaneously debut at No. 1 on both [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] and [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] charts. He joins only [[BTS]] and [[Taylor Swift]] in having achieved this feat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=March 30, 2021|title=Justin Bieber Debuts at No. 1 on Hot 100 With 'Peaches,' Becomes 1st Solo Male to Open Atop Hot 100 & Billboard 200 in Same Week|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9547815/justin-bieber-peaches-number-one-debut-hot-100/|access-date=March 30, 2021|work=Billboard}}</ref>

In [[Easter]] 2021, Bieber surprised-released ''[[Freedom (EP)|Freedom]]'', a [[gospel music|gospel]]-inspired EP consisting of six songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/justin-bieber-gospel-ep-easter-sunday|title=Justin Bieber drops surprise gospel EP on Easter Sunday titled 'Freedom'|first=Tyler|last=McCarthy|date=April 5, 2021|website=Fox News}}</ref> On April 11, 2021, ''Justice'' was confirmed to chart atop the ''Billboard 200'', surpassing [[Demi Lovato]]'s ''[[Dancing with the Devil... the Art of Starting Over]]'' by less than 1,000 units and making ''Justice'' Bieber's first full-length album to spend more than one week at the top of the chart in more than a decade.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McIntyre |first1=Hugh |title=Justin Bieber Returns To No. 1 On The Albums Chart, Beating Demi Lovato By A Tiny Sum |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/04/11/justin-bieber-returns-to-no-1-on-the-albums-chart-beating-demi-lovato-by-a-tiny-sum/?sh=29e85b383389 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=11 April 2021}}</ref>

==Artistry==
===Musical style===
[[File:Michael Jackson in 1988.jpg|thumb|right|130px|Bieber has credited musicians such as [[Michael Jackson]] as his biggest influence.|alt=Michael Jackson performing]]
Bieber's music is mainly [[Pop music|pop]] and [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blanchet |first1=Brenton |title='Changes' secures Justin Bieber's status as an R&B star |url=https://www.ubspectrum.com/article/2020/02/changes-secures-justin-biebers-status-as-an-r-b-star |publisher=The Spectrum |access-date=8 April 2020 |date=17 February 2020}}</ref> In 2010, [[Jody Rosen]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' asserted that the content of his music was "offering a gentle introduction to the mysteries and heartaches of adolescence: songs flushed with romance but notably free of sex itself".<ref name="Rosen">{{cite journal|last=Rosen |first=Jody |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/32714131/review/32735160/my_world_20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325091525/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/32714131/review/32735160/my_world_20 |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |title=My World 2.0 : Justin Bieber : Review |journal=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=[[Jann S. Wenner]] |at=Album Reviews |date=March 22, 2010 |access-date=June 25, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 2012, Bieber told ''[[V (American magazine)|V]]'' magazine that he doesn't want to sing about sex, drugs and swearing. He stated "I want to do it at my own pace. I don't want to start singing about things like sex, drugs and swearing. I'm into love, and maybe I'll get more into making love when I'm older. But I want to be someone who is respected by everybody."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/justin-bieber-280-1277373|title=Justin Bieber: 'I don't want to sing about sex, drugs and swearing'|date=January 10, 2012|access-date=October 23, 2018|work=[[NME]]}}</ref> But since then, Bieber gradually altered his artistry, with Peter Gicas of ''[[E! Online]]'' describing "[[PYD (song)|PYD]]" as "sexed-up", while ''[[In Touch Weekly]]'' magazine describing his song with [[Maejor|Maejor Ali]] and [[Juicy J]] "[[Lolly (song)|Lolly]]" might make his fans a bit uncomfortable because of its lyrics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/au/news/482140/justin-bieber-releases-sexed-up-new-song-pyd-featuring-r-kelly-listen-now|title=Justin Bieber Releases Sexed-Up New Song "PYD" Featuring R. Kelly—Listen Now|last=Gicas|first=Peter|date=November 18, 2013|access-date=March 20, 2018|work=E! Online}}</ref><ref name="Weekly, InTouch"/> After his hit in 2015 on [[Jack Ü]]'s track "[[Where Are Ü Now]]", Bieber released the [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]-fuelled album ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'' a collaboration with [[Diplo]], [[DJ Snake]] and [[Major Lazer]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edm.com/articles/2016/5/31/major-lazer-justin-bieber-collab|title=Justin Bieber is Teaming Up with EDM's Biggest Trio for New Collab|date=May 31, 2016|newspaper=EDM.com|language=en-US|access-date=January 11, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113165040/http://edm.com/articles/2016/5/31/major-lazer-justin-bieber-collab|archive-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>

===Influences===
Bieber has cited [[Michael Jackson]], [[The Beatles]], [[Boyz II Men]], [[Mariah Carey]], [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Tupac Shakur|Tupac]], and [[Usher (musician)|Usher]] as his musical inspirations.<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712223416/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/01/justin-bieber-on-his-musical-inspirations-his-fans-and-trying-to-be-a-regular-kid|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/01/justin-bieber-on-his-musical-inspirations-his-fans-and-trying-to-be-a-regular-kid|title=Justin Bieber on his musical inspirations, his fans, and trying to be a regular kid|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=July 12, 2012|date=January 4, 2011|access-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/artists/justin-bieber/related-artists/?filter=influencedBy |title=Justin Bieber Music Influences |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 26, 2014 |archive-date=March 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314023225/http://www.mtv.com/artists/justin-bieber/related-artists/?filter=influencedBy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Justin Bieber|url = http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/justin-bieber-1/#_| website = Interview Magazine|access-date = November 13, 2015}}</ref> ''Believe'' was influenced by Timberlake, for which Bieber was trying to "create a new sound that people aren't really used to hearing ... like when [Timberlake] did ''[[FutureSex/LoveSounds]]'': It was a new sound... acoustic guitar over hard drums."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1672847/justin-bieber-my-world-new-album-justin-timberlake/|title=Justin Bieber's Next Album Inspired By Justin Timberlake|work=MTV|access-date=May 4, 2015|date=October 19, 2011}}</ref> Bieber and his work have influenced various recording artists including [[Why Don't We]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7858088/why-dont-we-interview-something-different-tour-justin-bieber/|title=Pop Quintet Why Don't We Explain Why They're Not Just Another Boy Band & How Justin Bieber Inspired Them|work=Billboard|access-date=November 14, 2020|date=July 10, 2017}}</ref> [[Johnny Orlando]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exclusivehollywood.co.uk/justin-bieber-johnny-orlando-follow|title=Justin Bieber FOLLOWS Johnny Orlando On Twitter After Mentioning Tour|work=Exclusive Hollywood|access-date=November 14, 2020|date=December 29, 2019}}</ref> [[Niall Horan]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Never Forget That Six Years Ago, Katy Perry Decided Niall Horan's Fate On The X Factor|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2869056/niall-horan-six-year-x-factor-anniversary/|last=Roth|first=Madeline|website=MTV News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and [[Billie Eilish]], with Eilish's mom recalled she and her husband considered taking Eilish to therapy over her obsession with Bieber's single and music video for "[[As Long As You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)|As Long As You Love Me]]" in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/billie-eilish-justin-bieber-coachella/|title=Billie Eilish Finally Met Her First Love Justin Bieber at Coachella|work=V|access-date=November 14, 2020|date=April 15, 2019}}</ref> Singers [[Dua Lipa]] and [[Charlie Puth]] have stated that they were influenced by the discovery of Bieber on YouTube which inspired them to achieve the same.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Dua Lipa went from aspiring singer to one of today's top global female pop stars|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/dua-lipa-aspiring-singer-todays-top-global-female/story?id=58393549|website=ABC News|access-date=6 May 2020|quote="I thought that was the easiest thing I could reach out to — social media and YouTube. It never had that kind of Justin Bieber effect I was hoping for," Lipa said. "But it created a formal portfolio for me, and then I started getting some messages from producers and people being like, 'Hey if you want to come and use the studio you can come and just write.' And that's how I started."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Savage|first=Mark|date=2 April 2020|title=How Dua Lipa released an album from isolation|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52117012|access-date=6 May 2020|quote="Deep down I wanted to have that Justin Bieber effect where someone would find me on YouTube!"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B8jWTHKl2RY/|title=Charlie Puth on Instagram: "I don't usually do this but here we go. #Changes by Justin Bieber is out now. I had nothing to do with this album, but I genuinely am a..."|website=Instagram|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19|quote="In fact, his viral leap into superstardom as a result of YouTube is what inspired me to achieve the same"}}</ref>

===Voice===
Bieber initially sang with a [[boy soprano]] voice,<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber and Other Famous Boy Sopranos|url=https://itchyfish.com/justin-bieber-and-other-famous-boy-sopranos/ |date=August 17, 2010 |website = Itchy Fish |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref> before his [[Voice change|voice broke]], as was evidenced during the debut performance of "[[Pray (Justin Bieber song)|Pray]]" at the [[American Music Awards of 2010|2010 American Music Awards]]. [[Sean Michaels (writer)|Sean Michaels]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described puberty as "the biggest threat to his career" at the time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber faces the biggest threat to his career: puberty|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/feb/11/justin-bieber-voice-drop | website = [[The Guardian]] |access-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> [[Jody Rosen]] commented that Bieber sings with "swing and rhythmic dexterity" on his debut album, noting his tone to be "nasal".<ref name="Rosen"/>

Bieber started to receive voice coaching from [[Jan Smith]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jansmith.com/the-truth-about-bieber/|title=The Truth About Bieber|date=March 1, 2015|work=Jan Smith Studios|access-date=June 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

As an adult singer, Bieber's voice type is [[tenor]], with a vocal range spanning from the [[baritone]] A2 to the high tenor F5.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://takelessons.com/blog/baritone-pop-songs-z02|title=It's a Tenor's World: How to Survive as a Baritone Singing Pop|date=June 16, 2015|work=TakeLessons.com Blog|access-date=June 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://therangeplace.boards.net/thread/1369/justin-bieber|title=Vocalist Research and Discussion/Justin Bieber|work=The Range Place (forum)|access-date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> In a review of his ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'' album, Neil McCormick of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' complimented his "soft, supple and seductive singing".<ref>{{cite web|title = Justin Bieber and One Direction's new albums: 'biting the hand that feeds them'|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/one-direction-made-in-the-am-justin-bieber-purpose-review/| website = The Telegraph|access-date = November 14, 2015}}</ref> Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' also praised Bieber's "affectedly breathy voice", noting that "the voice soon palls, but the songs are often interesting."<ref>{{cite web|title = Justin Bieber: Purpose review – a look back and a fresh start|url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/12/justin-bieber-purpose-review-fourth-album| work=The Guardian|access-date = November 14, 2015|first = Caroline|last = Sullivan}}</ref>

==Business ventures and endorsements==
In 2010, Bieber signed a deal with [[Proactiv]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/956759/justin-bieber-joins-proactivs-zit-geist |title=Justin Bieber Joins Proactiv's Zit-Geist |magazine=Billboard |date=August 20, 2010 |access-date=November 7, 2018 |author=Netherby, Jennifer}}</ref> In the same year, Bieber partnered with [[OPI Products|Nicole by OPI]] to launch a nail polish line "The One Less Lonely Girl Collection", which sold exclusively in [[Walmart]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/justin-bieber-joins-forces-with-nicole-by-opi |title=Justin Bieber Launches The One Less Lonely Girl Collection with Nicole by OPI |magazine=Teen Vogue |date=October 7, 2010 |access-date=November 7, 2018 |author=Shin Park, Jane}}</ref> Bieber's nail polish line sold one million bottles less than two months after its release.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/02/12/naturally-justin-biebers-nail-polish-line-sells-1-million-bottles/ |title=Naturally, Justin Bieber's Nail-Polish Line Sells 1 Million Bottles |magazine=Time |date=February 12, 2012 |access-date=November 7, 2018 |author=Friedman, Megan}}</ref> Bieber endorsed [[Adidas]], beside [[Derrick Rose]] and [[Venus Williams]], in 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lancemadden/2012/10/17/justin-biebers-endorsement-gives-adidas-big-boost-off-field/ | title=Justin Bieber's Endorsement Gives Adidas Big Boost Off Field | magazine=Forbes | date=October 17, 2012 | access-date=May 10, 2014 | author=Madden, Lance}}</ref> He became the new "face" and "body" of [[Calvin Klein]] in early 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etonline.com/fashion/155940_justin_bieber_reveals_his_calvin_klein_workout/|title=Justin Bieber Reveals His Ab-tastic Calvin Klein Workout, But Did He Stuff Those Briefs?|work=Entertainment Tonight|last=Bueno|first=Antoinette|date=January 7, 2015|access-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref> [[Entertainment Tonight]] reported that Bieber had used MYO-X, a dietary supplement, in preparation for the photo shoot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/fashion/155940_justin_bieber_reveals_his_calvin_klein_workout|title=Justin Bieber Reveals His Ab-tastic Calvin Klein Workout, But Did He Stuff Those Briefs?|website=Entertainment Tonight}}</ref> Bieber was criticized for "...{{nbsp}}hyping the latest 'miracle' supplement MYO-X, to his 59 million [[Twitter]] fans".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theimproper.com/117405/justin-bieber-hypes-sketchy-diet-doctors-miracle-body-building-drug/|title=Justin Bieber Hypes Sketchy Diet Doctor's 'Miracle' Body Building Drug}}</ref> In June 2015, Bieber teamed up with StarShop, a new shopping app launched by [[Kevin Harrington (entrepreneur)|Kevin Harrington]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://observer.com/2015/06/kevin-harrington-teams-up-with-celebs-for-new-curated-shopping-app-starshop/| title=Kevin Harrington Teams Up With Celebs for New Curated Shopping App 'StarShop'|publisher=OBSERVER/Innovation | date=June 5, 2015 | access-date=June 21, 2015 | author=Lazzaro, Sage}}</ref> Bieber endorses [[Beats Electronics|Beats By Dre]], [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.|Elizabeth Arden]] and [[Best Buy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/best-buy-and-dre-s-beats-planning-new-collaboration/218617201/|title=Best Buy and Dre's Beats planning new collaboration|work=Star Tribune|access-date=December 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://celebrityendorsers.com/celeb/justin-bieber/|title=Justin Bieber – Endorsements, Interests, Charity Work|work=Celebrity Endorsers|access-date=December 24, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Bieber has been credited with boosting the careers of other singers such as [[Carly Rae Jepsen]] and [[Madison Beer]] when he tweeted about them.<ref name="Rolling Stone">{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/justin-bieber-gives-singer-carly-rae-jepsen-a-boost-86989/ | title=Justin Bieber Gives Singer Carly Rae Jepsen a Boost | magazine=Rolling Stone| date=March 12, 2012 | access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref><ref name="HuffingtonPost">{{cite web | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/19/madison-beer-13-year-old-_n_1686544.html | title=Madison Beer, 13-Year-Old Singer, Discovered By Justin Bieber (VIDEO) | publisher=MTV| date=July 19, 2012 | access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref>

He has released four fragrances.<ref name="Vena, Jocelyn">{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1666305/justin-bieber-someday-fragrance/| title=Justin Bieber Launches 'Someday' Fragrance | publisher=MTV | date=June 23, 2011 | access-date=June 21, 2015 | author=Vena, Jocelyn}}</ref> He launched his debut fragrance, Someday, in 2011;<ref name="Vena, Jocelyn"/> it grossed more than three million US dollars in sales, at [[Macy's]], in just under three weeks, which industry experts regard as a successful celebrity-led launch.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/Justin-Bieber-Someday-Perfume-Breaks-Sales-Records-18310191| title=Bieber Breaks Beauty Sales Records Once Again With His Someday Perfume | publisher=PopSugar | date=July 15, 2011 | access-date=June 21, 2015 | author=Richards, Jaime}}</ref> On the heels of that 2011 best-seller, he launched his second fragrance, Girlfriend, in June 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/update-justin-bieber-launches-second-fragrance-girlfriend-20120621| title=Update: Justin Bieber Launches Second Fragrance, 'Girlfriend' | magazine=RollingStone | date=June 21, 2012 | access-date=June 21, 2015 | author=Nika, Colleen}}</ref> His third fragrance, The Key, was launched in July 2013,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://style.mtv.com/2013/07/15/justin-bieber-the-key-fragrance-commercial-teaser/ | title=Justin Bieber Launches The Key Fragrance, Unveils Commercial Teaser | publisher=MTV | date=July 15, 2013 | access-date=June 21, 2015 | author=Wilson, Gaby | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622071423/http://style.mtv.com/2013/07/15/justin-bieber-the-key-fragrance-commercial-teaser/ | archive-date=June 22, 2015 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and his latest fragrance, Justin Bieber Collector's Edition, launched in 2014.

In January 2019, Bieber launched his own clothing line, "Drew" and has various items, all with either the smiley face logo or simply "drew" written across the front. Bieber trademarked the name for his company in February 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8495651/justin-bieber-launches-drew-clothing-line|title=Justin Bieber Launches His Street Style 'Drew' Clothing Line|date=2019-01-29|website=Billboard|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-15}}</ref> In September 2019, after a year long collaboration with Schmidt's Naturals CEO, Michael Cammarata, Bieber released his deodorant line, "Here+Now".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allure.com/story/justin-bieber-schmidts-naturals-deodorant-collaboration|title=Justin Bieber Made a Natural Deodorant (Yes, Seriously)|last=Prinzivalli|first=Leah|website=Allure|language=en|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mensjournal.com/style/michael-cammarata-on-partnering-with-justin-bieber-creating-natural-products-and-more/|title=Michael Cammarata on Partnering With Justin Bieber, Creating Natural Products, and More|date=2002-09-06|website=Men's Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/justin-biebers-here-now-deorderant-set-to-launch-this-fall/|title=There's Gonna Be One Less Smelly Girl! Justin Bieber Launches New Deodorant Line|date=2019-05-21|website=Life & Style|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> In October 2020, Bieber released limited edition of the Crocs x Justin Bieber clog, a collaboration with [[Crocs]] brand. The design pulls from the Classic Clog range as well as Bieber's signature yellow from his personal clothing brand, Drew. It sold across select Crocs and partner e-commerce channels, and also sold at Crocs retail stores in China and South Korea as well as on Bieber clothing line's website.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/justin-bieber-crocs-release-date-price-details-wheretobuy-1538565|title=Justin Bieber x Crocs Release Date, Price Details and Where to Buy|date=2020-10-13|website=NewsWeek|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-15}}</ref>

==Public image==
===General===
[[File:Justin Bieber Hallenstadion Zurich Switzerland.jpg|thumb|right|Bieber performing in [[Zürich]], 2011]]

Bieber has been referred to as the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music#B|Prince of Pop]]"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/1094436/the-prince-of-pop|title=The Prince Of Pop|date=2012-06-08|website=Billboard|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> and "King of Teen Pop"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Phoebe|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/9409800/Teen-stars-in-2012.html|title=Teen stars in 2012|journal=Daily Telegraph|date=2012-07-19|access-date=2020-04-30|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|quote="Canadian singer remains the king of teen pop, with a devoted fan base"}}</ref> by contemporary journalists. Usher commented that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, "I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly". As a result, when he was younger, Usher, Braun, Bieber's bodyguard, and other adults surrounding Bieber constantly coached him on handling fame and his public image.<ref name = "nyimage" /> After signing Bieber, Usher appointed one of his former assistants, Ryan Good, to be Bieber's [[road manager]] and [[Personal stylist|stylist]]. Good, once nicknamed Bieber's "swagger coach", created a "streetwise look" for the singer which consisted of baseball caps, hoodies, dog chains, and flashy sneakers. Amy Kaufman of ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'' comments, "Though a product of a middle-class suburban upbringing in [[Stratford, Ontario]], Bieber's manner of dress and speech ('Wassup man, how you doin'?' or 'It's like, you know, whateva' ') suggest he's mimicking his favourite rappers."<ref name="kaufman">{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|url=https://azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/2010/04/13/20100413justin-bieber-tour.html|title=Adults work hard to manage Justin Bieber's image|publisher=Azcentral|date=April 13, 2010|access-date=October 31, 2010}}</ref> In 2013, Bieber said he was "very influenced by [[African-American culture|black culture]]", but he neither thought "of it as black or white" nor tried to "act or pose in a certain way". To him, it was "a lifestyle—like a suaveness or a [[wikt:swag#Etymology 2|swag]]".<ref name=willsmith/> Wax statues of him with the hairstyle from his early career are on display at the [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museums in New York City, London, and Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url= http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659922/justin-bieber-wax-figure.jhtml |title=Justin Bieber Wax Figures Unveiled|publisher=MTV|date= March 15, 2011|access-date=April 8, 2011}}</ref>

{{quote box | width=30% | align=left| quote=He's the only person in humanity who's grown up the way he has – with smartphones and cameras on him 24/7{{nbsp}}... Another kid can go out and have a good night on the town, and no one gives a crap, but Justin is the most Googled person on the planet – for four years straight!|source= —Scooter Braun, Bieber's manager, in 2013<ref name=willsmith>{{cite web|title= Justin Bieber Reveals Will Smith Counsels Him Weekly in Rare, Raw Interview|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=31 January 2015|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-bieber-reveals-will-smith-657535}}</ref>}}

Bieber was often featured in teen magazines such as ''[[Tiger Beat]]'',<ref name="nyimage" /> and has been labelled a "teen heartthrob".<ref>{{cite news|last=Rizzo|first= Monica|url= http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jan/3/justin-bieber-teen-heartthrob-calls-tough-rules-af/?page=all|title= Justin Bieber: Teenage heartthrob calls for tough rules after paparazzo's death|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, he was frequently criticized for looking and sounding younger than his age,<ref name = "Collins">{{cite news|last=Collins|first=Nick|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/7873834/Why-is-Justin-Bieber-so-loved-and-hated.html |title=Why is Justin Bieber so loved and hated?|newspaper= The Telegraph|date= July 6, 2010|access-date=July 27, 2010 | location = London}}</ref> and the following year for an [[Androgyny|androgynous]] appearance, which had been commonly noted in the media, including his appearance on the cover of ''[[LOVE (magazine)|LOVE]]'' magazine's androgyny issue in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| work = MTV | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1656680/justin-bieber-graces-cover-loves-androgyny-issue.jhtml |title=Justin Bieber Graces Cover Of Love's 'Androgyny Issue'}}</ref> His teen-pop music, image (especially as a heartthrob to girls), and the media attention he receives have additionally been criticized.<ref name = "Collins"/> He has been a target of Internet bloggers and [[Internet forum|message board]] posters, especially users of the Internet message board [[4chan]] and of YouTube.<ref>{{cite news|title=4Chan Starts #Jail4Bieber Hoax, Accuses Justin Bieber Of Sexually Assaulting Minor|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/4chan-starts-jail4bieber-hoax-accuses-justin-bieber-sexually-assaulting-minor-1129569|newspaper=IB Times|access-date=March 16, 2013|date=March 15, 2013}}</ref> Nick Collins of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said that "Bieber's character appears to strike a particularly sour note with his Internet critics" who have questioned his manner of speech, among other things.<ref name = "Collins" />

In his 20s, especially after his marriage in 2018, Bieber's persona changed. As his fan base got older and he got married, Bieber transitioned away from the teenage heartthrob image, taking on a more mature personality and a more soft-spoken style of speech.<ref>{{cite web |title=Justin Bieber 'is a changed man' |url=https://santamariatimes.com/people/justin-bieber-is-a-changed-man/article_c85ac0e8-8249-5f03-bd6c-b3dafe557832.html |publisher=Santa Maria Times |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Van Houten |first1=Mariella |title=Justin Bieber Is a Completely Different Person From What You Remember |url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/justin-bieber-is-a-completely-different-person-from-what-you-remember.html/ |website=Showbiz Cheatsheet |access-date=31 March 2020 |date=9 Feb 2019}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' in February 2019, Bieber said that he would "laugh at his past self".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Haskell |first1=Rob |title=Justin and Hailey Bieber Open Up About Their Passionate, Not-Always-Easy but Absolutely All-In Romance |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/justin-bieber-hailey-bieber-cover-interview |website=Vogue |access-date=31 March 2020 |date=7 February 2019}}</ref>

===YouTube and {{vanchor|Twitter}}===

Bieber's early fanbase developed on YouTube and predated the release of his debut album ''My World''.<ref name=popularyountbe>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/matsononmusic/2012302174_the_essential_unseriousness_of.html |title=Matson on Music {{pipe}} The essential unseriousness of Bieber Fever |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=June 1, 2012}}</ref> According to [[Jan Hoffman]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'', part of Bieber's appeal stems from his YouTube channel. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' noted that Bieber's fanbase, "Beliebers", was among the top words of 2010.<ref name=Chicagtribune>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-12-29/features/ct-tribu-words-work-year-end-20101229_1_jetblue-flight-attendant-steven-slater-new-oxford-american-dictionary |title=Top buzzwords of 2010 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=December 29, 2010 |access-date=April 29, 2012 |first=Heidi |last=Stevens}}</ref> Long before the November 2009 release of ''My World'', his YouTube videos attracted millions of views.<ref name = "nyimage" /> Braun recognized the appeal. Before flying him to Atlanta, Braun wanted to "build him up more on YouTube first" and had Bieber record more home videos for the channel. "I said: 'Justin, sing like there's no one in the room. But let's not use expensive cameras.' We'll give it to kids, let them do the work, so that they feel like it's theirs", recalled Braun.<ref name = "nyimage" /> Bieber continues to upload videos to the same channel and has opened a [[Twitter]] account, from which he interacts with fans regularly;<ref name = "herrera"/> his account was reported to have more than six million followers in November 2010.<ref>{{cite web | last = Vena | first = Jocelyn| url = http://www.mtv.com/news/1651843/justin-bieber-hits-6-million-twitter-followers/ | title = Justin Bieber Hits 6 Million Twitter Followers |publisher=MTV|date=November 9, 2010|access-date=December 31, 2010}}</ref> Bieber surpassed [[Lady Gaga]] for being the most followed person on Twitter in January 2013. In early November 2013, [[Katy Perry]] surpassed him for having the most followers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sean|last=Hollister|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/11/3/5061834/katy-perry-passes-justin-bieber-as-most-popular-person-on-twitter |title=Katy Perry passes Justin Bieber as most popular person on Twitter |work=The Verge |date=November 3, 2013 |access-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>

As of 2017, Bieber was the second [[List of most followed users on Twitter|most followed user of Twitter]], while his [[Vevo]] channel made him the third [[List of most subscribed users on YouTube|most subscribed user of YouTube]] until by 2018 where it became the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|second-most-subscribed user of YouTube]]. The music video for Bieber's song "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)|Baby]]" is the second most disliked on YouTube, receiving over 9.93 million dislikes since its upload in 2010, being only surpassed by the [[YouTube Rewind|2018 YouTube Rewind]] in December 2018.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|date=May 3, 2016|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-36191146|title=''Ghostbusters'' trailer 'most disliked' on YouTube|work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of World Records]]'' listed "Baby" as the most disliked video on YouTube and on the Internet as of 2013<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Glenday|editor1-first=Craig|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2ExOXxw6cAC&pg=PA304|title=Guinness World Records 2013|publisher=[[Random House]]|page=304|isbn=9780345547118}}</ref> and six of Bieber's music videos (more than any other artist) listed in [[List of most disliked YouTube videos|the top 40 most disliked videos on YouTube]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/12139708/Justin-Bieber-video-is-most-complained-about-of-all-time-on-YouTube.html|title=Justin Bieber video is most complained about of all time on YouTube|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}}</ref> Bieber was frequently a trending topic on Twitter when the feature first launched<ref name=biebstwits16>{{cite web|url=https://tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx |title=Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic|work=TV Guide |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=April 24, 2012}}</ref> because his fans frequently discussed him on the network,<ref name=bieberlink8>{{cite web |url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1657695/20110210/index.jhtml |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110215210524/http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1657695/20110210/index.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 15, 2011 |title=Justin Bieber Vintage Video: 'I Love Twitter' |work=VH1 |access-date=April 26, 2012 }}</ref> and he was named the top trending star on Twitter in 2010;<ref name=toptriender>{{Cite journal|title=Bieber Tops Twitter Trend List| journal=World Entertainment News Network|date=December 16, 2010|publisher=COMTEX News Network, Inc|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/122734894|access-date=April 26, 2012}}</ref> [[Klout]] gave his account a score of 100.<ref name=bieberlink6>{{cite news|last=Poeter |first=Damon |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2403567,00.asp |title=Tweet or Die: Employers Hiring Based on Applicants' Klout Scores? |work=PCMag |date=January 1, 1970 |access-date=April 26, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Massarotto2010">{{cite book|author=Marco Massarotto|title=Social Network|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZowqKn7G40C&pg=PT201|access-date=April 26, 2012|date=October 18, 2010|publisher=Apogeo Editore|isbn=978-88-503-1233-7|pages=201–202|language=it}}</ref> In April 2013, the social media analysis company [[Socialbakers]] concluded that 16.7 million of Bieber's 37 million Twitter followers were not genuine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Poeter |first=Damon | url = https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2417702,00.asp | title = Report: Justin Bieber's Twitter Followers Mostly Fake | work=[[PC Magazine]] |access-date=April 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/half-of-justin-biebers-twitter-fans-are-fake/story-e6frf96o-1226618681579 | title = Half of Justin Bieber's Twitter fans are fake | work=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=April 18, 2013}}</ref>

As of April 2021, his YouTube channel has 62 million subscribers and 24.2 billion total views.

==Personal life==
As Bieber resides in the United States, he is reported to possess an [[O visa|O-1 visa]] for temporary resident status, based on "extraordinary ability or achievement" in a field.<ref>Hilary Lewis (January 23, 2014),[https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-bieber-arrested-dui-673440 Justin Bieber Arrested for DUI] ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref> Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining [[Citizenship in the United States|US citizenship]], and has praised Canada as being "the best country in the world", citing [[Health care in Canada|its mostly government-funded health care system]] as a model example.<ref name = "RS" /> However, in September 2018, [[TMZ]] reported that Bieber had begun the process of becoming an American citizen, following his marriage to [[Hailey Baldwin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/09/justin-bieber-dual-american-citizenship|title=Justin Bieber Is Becoming a Dual Canadian-American Citizen|first=Emma|last=Stefansky|website=Vanities}}</ref>

===Relationships===
Bieber's father, Jeremy Bieber, is a former carpenter and [[pro-am]] mixed martial artist. In March 2014, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' characterized Jeremy as having "split with Justin's mom when Justin was a toddler, and wasn't always around afterward. But he has, as of late, accepted a place of honor in his superstar son's entourage".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hoffman|first1=Claire|title=Justin Bieber: Bad Boy|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-bad-boy-20140313|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>

From 2008 to 2009, Bieber was in a relationship with Caitlin Beadles; the two remained friends, and Beadles attended Bieber's wedding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/music/justin-biebers-ex-caitlin-beadles-attends-his-wedding/|title=Justin Bieber's Ex Caitlin Beadles Attends His Wedding to Hailey Baldwin in South Carolina|website=PEOPLE.com}}</ref> From December 2010 to March 2018, Bieber was in an [[on-again, off-again relationship]] with singer and actress [[Selena Gomez]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ziegbe|first= Mawuse|url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654905/justin-bieber-calls-selena-gomez-amazing-person.jhtml |title=Justin Bieber Calls Selena Gomez 'An Amazing Person'|publisher=MTV|date=December 23, 2010|access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez's Dating History|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-dating-history|work=Teen Vogue|access-date=November 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/news/a45332/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-relationship-timeline/|author=Anna Lewis, Dusty Baxter-Wright|magazine=Cosmopolitan|date=March 28, 2018|title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez: a timeline of their relationship}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-break-up-for-good-rumors |author=Marissa G. Muller |magazine=W Magazine |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez May Have Broken Up for Good This Time}}</ref> In an interview on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'', Bieber stated that some of his songs including "[[Sorry (Justin Bieber song)|Sorry]]", "[[Mark My Words]]", and "[[What Do You Mean?]]" are about his relationship with Gomez.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/11/09/justin-bieber-selena-gomez-inspired-songs/|title=Justin Bieber talks Selena Gomez-inspired songs on Ellen |first=Jessica |last=Goodman |access-date=January 12, 2020}}</ref> From August to September 2016, he was briefly linked to model [[Sofia Richie]], briefly deleting his [[Instagram]] account after receiving negative feedback from fans and participating in a short back-and-forth with Gomez regarding a photo he posted of himself and Richie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-justin-bieber-quits-instagram-selena-gomez-20160816-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Justin Bieber quits Instagram after public spat with Selena Gomez over Sofia Richie|date=August 16, 2016|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

Bieber became engaged to model [[Hailey Baldwin]] on July 7, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/09/entertainment/justin-bieber-hailey-baldwin-confirm/index.html |title=Justin Bieber confirms engagement to Hailey Baldwin |first=Lisa |last=Respers France |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=July 11, 2018}}</ref> They had briefly dated from December 2015 to January 2016 before splitting, then reconciled in May 2018. Bieber and Baldwin reportedly obtained a marriage license in September 2018,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/14/entertainment/justin-bieber-hailey-baldwin-marriage-license/index.html |title=Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin got their marriage license |first=Chloe |last=Melas |work=[[CNN]] |date=September 15, 2018 |access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> leading to reports that they had a civil marriage.<ref name=Maybe>{{cite news |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a23141558/hailey-baldwin-justin-bieber-marriage-report-tweet/ |title=Hailey Baldwin Breaks Her Silence on Justin Bieber Marriage Reports |first=Alyssa |last=Bailey |work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |date=September 14, 2018 |access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> On September 14, 2018, Baldwin stated on Twitter that she and Bieber had not yet married, but deleted the tweet afterward.<ref name=Maybe/> On November 23, 2018, Bieber stated he was married to Baldwin.<ref name="Married">{{cite news |title=Justin Bieber confirms he is a 'married man' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/23/entertainment/justin-bieber-married/index.html |work=CNN}}</ref> Bieber and Baldwin had an official ceremony in [[Bluffton, South Carolina]] on September 30, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/music/justin-bieber-hailey-baldwin-married-again-south-carolina-ceremony/|title=Take Two! Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin Marry (Again) in South Carolina Ceremony: All the Details|work=People}}</ref>

===Beliefs===
Bieber has described himself as a faithful adherent of Christianity, said he communicates with God via prayer, and that "He's the reason I'm here".<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |first=Jon|last=Ronson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/nov/13/justin-bieber-interview|title=Justin Bieber: One day with the most Googled name on the planet|work=The Guardian |location=UK|date=November 13, 2010|access-date=January 25, 2011}}</ref> He reflected his faith in a music video with Brandon Burke, titled "#iPledge", in which he talks about God's forgiveness.<ref name="Martinez">{{cite web|author=Jessica Martinez|title=Justin Bieber Talks God's Forgiveness in Christian Rapper's Video|date=May 9, 2014|work=[[The Christian Post]]|access-date=September 4, 2017|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/justin-bieber-talks-gods-forgiveness-in-christian-rappers-video-119449/}}</ref> Bieber was baptized on January 9, 2014 by [[Pentecostal]] pastor [[Carl Lentz]] of [[Hillsong Church]], New York, after a [[born again]] experience. He has described Lentz as a good friend.<ref>TAFFY BRODESSER-AKNER, gq.com, [https://www.gq.com/story/inside-hillsong-church-of-justin-bieber-kevin-durant Inside Hillsong, the Church of Choice for Justin Bieber and Kevin Durant], USA, December 17, 2015</ref><ref>Emy LaCroix, hollywoodlife.com, [http://hollywoodlife.com/2017/07/27/who-is-carl-lentz-facts-justin-bieber-pastor-hillsong-church/ Who Is Carl Lentz? 5 Things To Know About Justin Bieber's Longtime Pastor Friend], USA, July 27, 2017</ref> When asked how he wants to raise his children, Bieber said, "I'm a Jesus follower. When you accept Jesus, you walk with the Holy Spirit. I just want to be led by the Holy Spirit."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lowe |first1=Zane |title=The Changes Interview |url=https://itunes.apple.com/ca/music-movie/the-changes-interview/1498657123 |publisher=Apple Music |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=15 February 2020}}</ref> Many of Bieber's tattoos have religious significance including the medium-sized cross on his chest and a tiny cross under his eye. Bieber also covered up the "Son of God" text tattooed on his abdomen with a large design that features two angels, gothic arches, a skeleton and a serpent.<ref>{{cite web| title = Justin Bieber's Tattoo Artist Reveals Meaning Behind Torso Ink| work = E! Online| access-date = December 11, 2017| url = http://www.eonline.com/news/888556/justin-bieber-s-tattoo-artist-bang-bang-reveals-meaning-behind-new-torso-ink}}</ref>

Regarding [[sexual abstinence]], Bieber told music magazine ''Rolling Stone'' in 2011, "I don't think you should have sex with anyone unless you love them." He added that he does not "believe in [[abortion]]", and that it is "like killing a baby". When asked about the case of abortion with regard to rape, however, he said, "I guess I haven't been in that position, so I wouldn't be able to judge that."<ref name="RS">{{cite web|url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-talks-sex-politics-music-and-puberty-in-new-rolling-stone-cover-story-20110216 | title =Justin Bieber Talks Sex, Politics, Music and Puberty In New 'Rolling Stone' Cover Story |work=Rolling Stone |date=February 16, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Baby Baby —better be born in Canada; Bieber disses American health care —and says no to abortion|first=Lynn |last=Saxberg|work=The Ottawa Citizen |date = February 17, 2011|page= A.4}}</ref> His view on sexual orientation is quoted as "everyone's own decision",<ref name = "RS2">{{Cite journal | url = http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/02/17/justin-bieber-being-gay-is-a-decision-and-abortion-is-wrong-even-as-a-result-of-rape/ | publisher = Pink | place = United Kingdom | quote= Being gay is a decision & abortion is wrong even as a result of rape | first = Justin | last = Bieber | type = interview | title = Rolling Stone |access-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref> and he has contributed to the [[It Gets Better Project]],<ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1653033/justin-bieber-posts-it-gets-better-video.jhtml | title = Justin Bieber Posts 'It Gets Better' Video |access-date=March 15, 2011 | publisher = MTV | type = news}}</ref> a non-profit group aiming to prevent [[suicide among LGBT youth]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.itgetsbetter.org/ | title = It Gets Better | type = project |access-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref>

===Philanthropy===
Bieber supports [[Pencils of Promise]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://act.mtv.com/posts/adam-braun-the-promise-of-a-pencil/ | title=Adam Braun On His New Book, Surviving A Near-Death Experience + Justin Bieber As A Role Model | publisher=MTV | date=March 18, 2014 | access-date=May 10, 2014 | author=Parker, Joey}}</ref> a charity founded by Adam Braun, the younger brother of Bieber's manager. The organization builds schools in developing countries, and Bieber became manager for the organization's campaign in [[Guatemala]]. He serves as a celebrity spokesman for the organization<ref name=pop>{{cite news|author=Shirley Halperin|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/adam-braun-pencils-promise-how-216267|title=Adam Braun on Pencils of Promise and How Justin Bieber Is 'Making the World Better'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 28, 2011|access-date=June 30, 2013}}</ref> by running ads for the charity and its campaign "Schools4All".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schools4all.org |title=Schools4All official website |publisher=Schools4all.org |access-date=July 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625160138/http://www.schools4all.org/ |archive-date=June 25, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=mtvschools>{{cite news|author=Caroline Walker|url=http://act.mtv.com/posts/justin-bieber-wants-a-schools-for-all-b-to-visit-you-or-c-both/|title=Justin Bieber wants (a) Schools for all (b) To visit you, or (c) Both?|publisher=MTV website|date=April 15, 2011|access-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> He promises to visit schools that donate the most funds to the organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Partners with Pencils of Promise for Second Annual Schools4All Campaign|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/justin-bieber-partners-with-pencils-of-promise-for-second-annual-schools4all-campaign-181856771.html|publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref> He takes part in the charity's fund-raising galas and donates parts of the proceeds from his concerts and Someday line of fragrances,<ref name=someday>{{cite news|author=Shirley Halperin|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-bieber-time-im-think-213063|title=Justin Bieber: 'With Time Off, I'm Able to Think, Pray and Grow Up'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 20, 2011|access-date=June 30, 2013}}</ref> and various merchandising to the charity. In 2010, Bieber supported a campaign for [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) by urging fans to adopt abandoned pets from shelters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/justin-bieber-supports-new-peta-campaign/story-w9QYlS66zTy9HX8CJNZGeN.html|title= Justin Bieber supports new PETA campaign|work=hindustantimes|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Bieber donated his hair to [[Ellen DeGeneres]] during his appearance in her talkshow ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'' in March 2011. His hair sold on [[eBay]] for more than $40,000 and the proceeds benefited the animal rescue charity, The Gentle Barn.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/03/03/134222026/Justin-BIEbers-Hair-Raising-Funds-For-Charity|title=Justin Bieber's Hair Raises Funds For Charity|work=NPR|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Following the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|earthquake and tsunami]] in Japan in March 2011, Bieber donated proceeds from his concerts in Japan to [[Japanese Red Cross]] in May 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a320228/justin-bieber-donates-japan-concert-proceeds/|title=Justin Bieber donates Japan concert proceeds|work=digitalspy|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> In December 2011, Bieber donated $100,000 to Whitney Elementary School in Las Vegas to provide students from low income families.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/justin-bieber/news/school-donation/|title=Justin Bieber Donates $100,000 To Las Vegas Elementary School|work=Capitalfm|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Bieber supported [[Charity:Water]], a nonprofit that brings potable drinking water to people in developing countries. On his birthday in 2011 and 2012, he launched his campaign to urge his followers to donate on Twitter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/justin-bieber-birthday-charity_n_1314498|title=Justin Bieber's 18th Birthday Wish Is To Raise Money For Charity Water|work=HuffPost|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Bieber was named top charitable celeb of 2011 by American news aggregator and blog [[HuffPost]].

In 2013, Bieber launched his online #GiveBackPhilippines campaign for helping the victims of [[Typhoon Haiyan]] and travelled to the [[Philippines]] after raising $3 million. His work in the country earned him a star on the [[Eastwood City Walk of Fame|Philippine Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Awarded Star On Philippine Walk Fame For Typhoon Haiyan Campaign|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/1138293/justin-bieber-star-philippines-walk-of-fame-typhoon-haiyan/|publisher=inquisitr}}</ref> He also supports Children's Miracle Network Hospitals and Alzheimer's Association.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://celebrityendorsers.com/celeb/justin-bieber/|title=Justin Bieber – Endorsements, Interests, Charity Work|work=Celebrity Endorsers|access-date=October 21, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/branding/1179109/thanks-dr-dre-and-gaga-celebrity-endorsements-boost-headphone|title=Thanks Dr. Dre And Gaga: Celebrity Endorsements Boost Headphone Sales|work=Billboard|access-date=October 21, 2017|language=en}}</ref> In September 2017, Bieber donated $25,000 to the [[American Red Cross]] to help people in [[Texas]] after the severe destruction caused by [[Hurricane Harvey]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iheartradio.ca/news/justin-bieber-donates-to-hurricane-harvey-relief-1.3234126|title=Justin Bieber Donates To Hurricane Harvey Relief|work=iHeartRadio|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref>

In February 2020, Bieber made a donation to Beijing Chunmiao Children Aid Foundation in China to support [[COVID-19]] relief.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8550976/justin-bieber-donates-chinese-charity-coronavirus|title=Justin Bieber Donates to Chinese Charity Amid Coronavirus Spread|work=Billboard|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref> Bieber and Ariana Grande collaborated on the single "Stuck With U", released in May 2020 as the first of series of singles coordinated by entertainment executive Scooter Braun, who is also Bieber's manager, to support the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Curto |first1=Justin |title=It Took the Coronavirus to Get Justin Bieber and Ariana Grande on the Same Song |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/justin-bieber-ariana-grande-stuck-with-u-collab.html |publisher=Vulture |access-date=8 May 2020 |date=1 May 2020}}</ref> All net proceeds from the song went to the First Responders Children's Foundation to fund grants and scholarships for children of first responders and health care workers who worked on the front lines during the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asmelash |first1=Leah |title=Ariana Grande and Justin Bieber are collaborating on a new track, and you could be in the music video |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/02/entertainment/ariana-grande-justin-bieber-stuck-with-u-trnd/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=8 May 2020 |date=3 May 2020}}</ref> In September 2020, Bieber and [[Chance the Rapper]] announced that they've partnered with [[Cash App]] and will donate $250,000 to fans who are struggling during the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9455223/justin-bieber-chance-the-rapper-donation-250k|title=Justin Bieber and Chance The Rapper Are Donating $250,000 to Fans Battling 'Hard Times'|work=Billboard|access-date=November 15, 2020|language=en}}</ref>

In March 2021, Bieber visited the [[California State Prison, Los Angeles County|California State Prison]] in [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] along with his wife [[Hailey Baldwin|Hailey]] and pastor Judah Smith at the invitation of [[Scott Budnick (film producer)|Scott Budnick]].<ref name="VisittoCAprison">{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Katie |title=Bieber visited the LA County prison to meet with a group of inmates & learn about the maximum-security institution's faith-based programs. |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9550106/justin-bieber-prison-visit-pastor-hailey/ |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=1 April 2021}}</ref> Bieber met with inmates involved in The Urban Ministry Institute and expressed support for Budnick's [[Anti-Recidivism Coalition]]. During the visit, Bieber committed to provide buses to transport relatives of the inmates who have been unable to see them due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in California]].<ref name="VisittoCAprison"/> Bieber said of his visit to the prison as a "life-changing experience that I will never forget".<ref name="ABCradio">{{cite news |title=Justin Bieber says mission trip to California state prison was a "life-changing experience" |url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2021/4/2/justin-bieber-says-mission-trip-to-california-state-prison-w.html |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=[[ABC News Radio]] |date=2 April 2021}}</ref>

===Legal issues and controversies===
Bieber had several run-ins with the law around the world before his first arrest in 2014,<ref name=APImage>{{cite news|author1=Anderson, Curt |author2=Kay, Jennifer|title=Bieber's image: From boy-next-door to bad boy|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/biebers-image-boy-next-door-bad-boy|access-date=January 25, 2014|agency=Associated Press|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBB23sQt?url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/biebers-image-boy-next-door-bad-boy|archive-date=March 19, 2014}}</ref> including when he was accused of reckless driving in his neighbourhood in 2012, and charged in Brazil with [[vandalism]] in 2013.<ref name=APImage/><ref name=BBCFirstArrest>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber on Miami drink-drive charge after 'road racing'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25863200|work=BBC News|access-date=January 25, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBBhoxOK?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25863200|date=January 23, 2014}}</ref> One of his neighbours in [[Calabasas, California]], accused Bieber of throwing eggs at his home on January 9, 2014, and causing thousands of dollars of damage.<ref name=APImage/><ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber investigated by LA sheriffs over alleged 'egging' incident|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/12/justin-bieber-investigated-la-sheriff-egging|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QxB4Wwze?url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/12/justin-bieber-investigated-la-sheriff-egging}}</ref><ref name="BBCegg">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28237329|title=Justin Bieber gets two years' probation in egging case|work=[[BBC Online|BBC News]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QxB6rKSX?url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28237329}}</ref> On January 23, 2014, Bieber was arrested in [[Miami Beach, Florida]], together with singer [[Khalil (singer)|Khalil]], on suspicion of [[driving under the influence]] (DUI), driving with an over six month expired license, and [[resisting arrest]] without violence.<ref name="BBCFirstArrest" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/01/23/justin-bieber-arrested-for-drag-racing-dui-in-miami/4792013/|title=Justin Bieber arrested in Miami|newspaper=USA Today|date=January 23, 2014|access-date=January 23, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCWL3rt?url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/01/23/justin-bieber-arrested-for-drag-racing-dui-in-miami/4792013/|first1=Ann|last1=Oldenburg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber arrest report|url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/item/Justin-Bieber-arrest-report-26674.php|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|access-date=January 30, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCZN785?url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/item/Justin-Bieber-arrest-report-26674.php|date=January 23, 2014}}</ref> Police said that Bieber told authorities he had consumed alcohol, smoked marijuana, and taken prescription drugs.<ref name=APImage/> He was released from these charges on a $2,500 [[bail|bond]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber Leaves Jail After DUI Charge|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1199785/justin-bieber-leaves-jail-after-dui-charge|publisher=[[Sky News]]|access-date=January 23, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCgI4pC?url=http://news.sky.com/story/1199785/justin-bieber-leaves-jail-after-dui-charge}}</ref> A toxicology report revealed that Bieber had [[THC]] (a principal constituent of [[cannabis]]) and the [[Anxiolytic|anti-anxiety medication]] [[alprazolam|Xanax]] in his system at the time of his arrest.<ref>{{cite news |last=Saad |first=Nardine |title=Justin Bieber's toxicology report released; Toronto mayor sympathizes |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-justin-bieber-toxicology-weed-drugs-rob-ford-20140130,0,3910534.story |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=January 31, 2014 |archive-date=March 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCihyGi?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-justin-bieber-toxicology-weed-drugs-rob-ford-20140130,0,3910534.story |date=January 30, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/01/30/justin-bieber-toxicology-report-marijuana-xanax/5053177|title=Justin Bieber toxicology report: Marijuana, Xanax|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=January 31, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCn4fyk?url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2014/01/30/justin-bieber-toxicology-report-marijuana-xanax/5053177/|first1=Ann|last1=Oldenburg|date=January 30, 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Justin Bieber mugshot, front.jpg|thumb|right|Bieber's January 2014 mugshot, after being detained by police in Miami Beach, Florida]]

Following Bieber's arrest on the DUI charge, more than 270,000 people petitioned the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|White House]] seeking to have him deported from the United States. Although the number of signatures received was sufficient to require a response under published [[We the People (petitioning system)|White House guidelines]], the Obama Administration declined substantive comment on the petition.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.entmania.com/2014/04/19/white-house-responds-deport-justin-bieber-petition-refuse-comment/|title=White House Responds To 'Deport Justin Bieber' Petition, Refuse To Comment|work=ENTmania.com|access-date=June 20, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702075432/http://www.entmania.com/2014/04/19/white-house-responds-deport-justin-bieber-petition-refuse-comment/|archive-date=July 2, 2015}}</ref> Immigration Law expert [[Harlan York]] noted that the likelihood of Bieber being deported was extremely slim. York stated, "About a decade ago, the Supreme Court ruled that driving under the influence, typically, is not a basis to deport someone."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.wetpaint.com/2014-01-31-not-in-danger-deportation-expert/|title = Is Justin Bieber in Danger of Deportation? Not Really, Says a Legal Expert Exclusive|date = January 1, 2014|access-date = June 25, 2015| website = wetpaint.com|last = Lear|first = Samantha}}</ref>

On July 9, 2014, Bieber was charged with one [[misdemeanor|misdemeanour]] count of vandalism in California for throwing eggs at his Calabasas neighbour's home in January.<ref name=BBCegg/><ref name=LATegg>{{cite news|last1=Rocha|first1=Veronica|last2=Truong|first2=Debbie|title=Justin Bieber pleads no contest to vandalism in egging incident|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-justin-bieber-vandalism-20140709-story.html|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QxAreKYt?url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-justin-bieber-vandalism-20140709-story.html}}</ref><ref name=ReutersEgg>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber gets two years probation for egg pelting|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/07/09/uk-people-justinbieber-idUKKBN0FE1XQ20140709|work=Reuters|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QxAu2PrV?url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/07/09/uk-people-justinbieber-idUKKBN0FE1XQ20140709}}</ref> Police earlier claimed that they had video footage of him high-fiving friends after the eggs were thrown.<ref name=BBCegg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Winton|first1=Richard|title=Justin Bieber high-fived friends after neighbor's home egged, cops say|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-justin-bieber-video-high-five-20140425-story.html|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=July 10, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QxB01buH?url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-justin-bieber-video-high-five-20140425-story.html}}</ref> With him pleading [[Nolo contendere|no contest]] to the charge, the [[Los Angeles County Superior Court]] sentenced him on July 9 to pay US$80,900 in [[restitution]], serve two years' [[probation]], complete twelve weeks of [[anger management]], and five days of [[community service]] in what the district attorney termed a negotiated settlement. Since then, he has permanently moved to [[Beverly Hills, California]].<ref name=BBCegg/><ref name=LATegg/><ref name=ReutersEgg/>

On August 13, 2014, the January DUI case was settled with a [[plea bargain]]; Bieber pleaded guilty to resisting an officer without violence and a lesser charge of [[driving without due care and attention]]. He was fined US$500 and sentenced to attend a 12-hour anger management course and a program that teaches the impact of drunken driving on victims. As part of the plea bargain, he made a US$50,000 contribution to ''Our Kids'', a local children's charity.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Curt|title=Justin Bieber pleads guilty in deal in Florida|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/sources-justin-bieber-reaches-plea-deal-fla|agency=Associated Press|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815202111/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/sources-justin-bieber-reaches-plea-deal-fla|archive-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Bieber pleads guilty to careless driving in deal|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/showbiz/justin-bieber-miami-plea/|publisher=CNN|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823140001/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/showbiz/justin-bieber-miami-plea/|archive-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

{{quote box | width=30% | align=right| quote=I didn't want to come off arrogant or conceited, or basically how I've been acting the past year, year and a half{{nbsp}}... although what's happened in the past has happened, I just want to{{nbsp}}... be kind and loving and gentle and soft.|source= —Bieber reflects in a video posted in January 2015<ref>{{cite web|title= Justin Bieber Apologizes: 'I'm Not Who I Was Pretending to Be'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-apologizes-im-not-who-i-was-pretending-to-be-20150129|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=31 January 2015}}</ref>}}

On September 1, 2014, Bieber was arrested and charged with assault and dangerous driving near his hometown of [[Stratford, Ontario]], after a collision between a minivan and Bieber's all-terrain vehicle on August 29. Ontario police said that he then "engaged in a physical altercation" with an occupant of the minivan. He was released shortly and his lawyer blamed the incident on "the unwelcome presence of [[paparazzi]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gillies|first1=Rob|title=Bieber charged with assault over photo incident|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ontario-police-bieber-charged-assault|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903052508/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ontario-police-bieber-charged-assault|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBC: Quad bike">{{Cite news|title=Justin Bieber charged with assault and dangerous driving|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29028038|author=Chris Hemmings|date=September 2, 2014|access-date=September 2, 2014|archive-date= September 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902230241/http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29028038}}</ref> On September 8, Toronto dropped an assault charge against him originally brought up on January 29 for an incident with a limousine driver in December 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Martell|first1=Allison|last2=Hodgson|first2=Jeffrey|title=Canadian police charge Justin Bieber with assaulting limo driver|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/30/people-justinbieber-toronto-idUKL2N0L32MB20140130|work=Reuters|access-date=January 30, 2014|archive-date=March 19, 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6OBCpcTUD?url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/30/people-justinbieber-toronto-idUKL2N0L32MB20140130|date=January 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UPDATE 2-Justin Bieber assault charge dropped in Canada|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/08/people-justinbieber-toronto-idUSL1N0R90XP20140908|work=Reuters|access-date=September 11, 2014|archive-date=September 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911142021/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/08/people-justinbieber-toronto-idUSL1N0R90XP20140908}}</ref> In November 2014, he was ordered to appear in [[Argentina]] within 60 days by a [[Buenos Aires]] court to give testimony on an alleged assault on a photographer on November 9, 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Michaels|first1=Sean|title=Justin Bieber must return to Argentina – and Interpol are on his trail|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/nov/14/justin-bieber-return-to-argentina-interpol|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=November 16, 2014}}</ref> When he failed to do so, an [[arrest warrant]] was issued and two of his bodyguards were released in Argentina in April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Argentine court orders arrest of Justin Bieber over assault claim|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/0102d98b45554c5bb167682a4299f66f|agency=Associated Press|access-date=April 15, 2015}}</ref>

In June 2014, a video emerged of a 15-year-old Bieber telling a joke about black people, which used the word "nigger" multiple times.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Video of young Justin Bieber telling racist joke leaks|url=https://ew.com/article/2014/06/01/justin-bieber-racist-joke-nword-video|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=June 1, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref> In the same month, a second video showed a 15-year-old Bieber giggling as he croons his song "[[One Less Lonely Girl]]", but parodying the main lyric as "One less lonely nigger", and stating that if he were to kill one, he would be "part of the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Here's Another Video of Justin Bieber Being Racist|url=http://time.com/2822814/justin-bieber-racist-video/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=June 4, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber Loses Again: How His Racist Jokes Will Impact His Career|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6106554/justin-bieber-racist-jokes-opinion-videos-apology| website = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=June 5, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref> He apologized the day the latter was released: "Facing my mistakes from years ago has been one of the hardest things I've ever dealt with."<ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber apologizes (again) for racist parody, KKK remarks|url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-justin-bieber-apologizes-for-racist-parody-kkk-remarks-20140605-story.html|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 5, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref>

In July 2017, the Chinese government banned Justin Bieber from performing in China. A Chinese Bieber fan reached out to the [[Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture]] requesting the reason for the ban. The Bureau released a statement, explaining "Justin Bieber is a gifted singer, but he is also a controversial young foreign singer", and "In order to maintain order in the Chinese market and purify the Chinese performance environment, it is not suitable to bring in badly behaved entertainers."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bjwh.gov.cn/eportal/ui?pageId=301632&msgDataId=b81fe91dd4344385a37df41dc7bb4b2e|publisher=[[Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau|Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture]]|access-date=August 18, 2017|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818215748/http://www.bjwh.gov.cn/eportal/ui?pageId=301632&msgDataId=b81fe91dd4344385a37df41dc7bb4b2e|archive-date=August 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Justin Bieber banned from China in order to 'purify' nation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/news/controversial-justin-bieber-banned-china-order-purify-nation|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|Telegraph UK]]|date=July 21, 2017|access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref>

In June 2020, Bieber was accused of [[sexual assault]] by an anonymous woman, merely known as "Danielle", who claimed on [[Twitter]] that the singer had made non-consensual sexual acts at a [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts|Four Seasons]] hotel in [[Austin, Texas]] in March 2014 while with then-girlfriend [[Selena Gomez]].<ref name=June2020>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/06/two-women-accuse-justin-bieber-of-sexual-assault.html|title=Justin Bieber Accused of Sexual Assault by Two Women|first=Devon|last=Ivie|date=June 21, 2020|website=Vulture}}</ref> The woman claimed that she had been inspired to tell her story by Twitter user 'itsgabby', who had accused actor [[Ansel Elgort]] of sexual assault the week prior.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Highley |first1=Jacob |title=Ansel Elgort Accused Of Sexual Assault On Twitter |url=https://theblast.com/134216/ansel-elgort-accused-of-sexual-assault-on-twitter |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=The Blast |date=19 June 2020}}</ref> In a series of tweets, Bieber denied all the allegations stating that sexual abuse "is something I don't take lightly", providing evidence that he was not present in the alleged location within the said time that the alleged incident took place, proving that he was innocent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ew.com/news/justin-bieber-denies-sexual-assault-allegation-shares-receipts-defending-himself/|title=Justin Bieber denies 2014 sexual assault allegation, shows receipts of Airbnb stay with Selena Gomez|website=EW.com}}</ref> He further said that his team would be taking legal action against the accuser, whose [[Twitter]] account and statement had disappeared shortly after Bieber had responded to the claim.

===Health===
Bieber has struggled with mental health issues,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vincent |first1=Brittany |title=Justin Bieber Shares How 'Access to Whatever I Wanted' Shaped his Struggles with Mental Health |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3137819/justin-bieber-mental-health/ |publisher=MTV |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=3 September 2019}}</ref> particularly [[Depression (mood)|depression]] and [[anxiety]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Justin Bieber says he's 'been struggling a lot' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/justin-bieber-instagram-post-struggling-1.5051486 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Abrams |first1=Margaret |title=Justin Bieber reveals struggles with anxiety and opens up about his marriage in new Seasons documentary trailer |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/alist/justin-bieber-reveals-struggles-with-anxiety-and-opens-up-about-his-marriage-in-new-seasons-a4346121.html |publisher=Evening Standard |date=27 January 2020}}</ref> at various points during his career.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ariola |first1=Katrina |title=Justin Bieber: How The 'Yummy' Singer Suffered From The Consequences Of Hollywood Fame |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/justin-bieber-how-yummy-singer-suffered-consequences-hollywood-fame-2916374 |work=International Business Times |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=5 February 2020}}</ref> He has generally been open about these issues.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Katie |title=ENTERTAINMENT Justin Bieber posts emotional message about use of 'heavy drugs,' depression |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5849139/justin-bieber-message-about-use-of-heavy-drugs-depression/ |publisher=Global News |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=3 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bueckert |first1=Kate |title=Justin Bieber being open about his mental health will help youth, experts say |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/justin-bieber-mental-health-break-career-youth-1.5077602 |publisher=CBC |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=30 March 2019}}</ref>

On January 8, 2020, Bieber announced on his Instagram that he had been diagnosed with [[Lyme disease]], saying that speculation by other people that he looked like he was on drugs was false. He also revealed that he has [[infectious mononucleosis]], which affected his neurological and overall health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/justin-bieber-reveals-lyme-disease-diagnosis-n1112721|title=Justin Bieber reveals Lyme disease diagnosis|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>

==Achievements==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Justin Bieber}}

Throughout his career, Bieber has sold an estimated 150 million records worldwide as of 2019,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-48580157|title=Justin Bieber challenges Tom Cruise to UFC fight|last=Bell|first=Chris|work=[[BBC News]]|date=June 10, 2019|access-date=June 10, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|world's best-selling music artists]].<ref name="Kilkenny">{{cite news|url=http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/05/16/justin-bieber-live-in-canadian-homecoming/|title=Justin Bieber live in Canadian homecoming|first=Carmel|last=Kilkenny|work=[[Radio Canada International]]|date=May 16, 2016|access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref> In 2011, Bieber was honoured with a star in front of Avon Theater in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, where he used to busk when he was younger. On November 23, 2012, Bieber was presented with the [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]] by the Prime Minister of Canada, [[Stephen Harper]]. He was one of 60,000 Canadians to receive the Diamond Jubilee medal that year.<ref>{{cite web | title = Justin Bieber awarded Diamond Jubilee Medal by Stephen Harper| url = http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/justin-bieber-awarded-diamond-jubilee-medal-by-stephen-harper-1.1051944|date=November 23, 2012|publisher=CTV news}}</ref> In 2013, Bieber received a [[Diamond award]] from the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) to recognize his single "Baby" as the highest-certified digital song of all time (record later broken by [[Luis Fonsi]] and [[Daddy Yankee]]'s "[[Despacito]]" which he is credited on).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1562681/justin-biebers-baby-with-new-streaming-data-beats-out |title=Justin Bieber's 'Baby' With New Streaming Data Beats Out Elton John For RIAA's Top Platinum Single of All Time |magazine=Billboard |date=May 17, 2013 |access-date=September 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Warner |first=Denise |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2013/08/01/justin-bieber-baby-digital-best-seller/ |title=Justin Bieber's 'Baby' the best-selling digital song ever|work=Entertainment Weekly |date=August 1, 2013 |access-date=September 2, 2013}}</ref> Bieber has earned 14 [[Grammy Award|Grammy nominations]] (including two wins),<ref name="GRAMMY Awards">{{cite web|title=GRAMMY Award Results for Justin Bieber|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/justin-bieber|website=GRAMMY Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/bieber-weeknd-mitchell-grammys-1.3449189| title = Justin Bieber, The Weeknd win their first Grammys| last = Nathoo| first = Zulekha| date = February 15, 2016| access-date = February 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/grammys/la-et-env-grammys-nominees-2010-list,0,2463095.htmlstory|title=Grammy Awards 2011: Winners and nominees for 53rd Grammy Awards|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 3, 2011}}</ref> two [[Brit Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.stv.tv/music/228552-brit-awards-2011-justin-bieber-wins-international-breakthrough-act/|title=Brit Awards 2011: Justin Bieber wins International Breakthrough Act|publisher=[[STV (TV network)|STV Entertainment]]|date=February 15, 2011|access-date=September 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.brits.co.uk/nominees|title = NOMINEES|access-date = February 16, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160207020755/http://www.brits.co.uk/nominees|archive-date=February 7, 2016 }}</ref> six [[NRJ Music Awards|NRJ Music Award]] nominations (Bieber won four awards out of six nominations, but he has six awards because he was honoured twice with special awards),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/nrj-music-awards-2011-mw0002113965|title=AllMusic Review by Jon O'Brien|work=All Music|access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebrity-gossip.net/nrj-music-awards-2012/2012-nrj-music-awards-show-winners-580455|title=2012 NRJ Music Awards: The Show, The Winners|work=Celebrity Gossip|access-date=September 14, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130021828/http://www.celebrity-gossip.net/nrj-music-awards-2012/2012-nrj-music-awards-show-winners-580455|archive-date=January 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rivieratimes.com/index.php/provence-cote-dazur-article/items/nrj-music-awards-in-cannes-and-the-nominees-are.html |title=NRJ Music Awards in Cannes: and the nominees are{{nbsp}}...|access-date=April 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530064500/http://www.rivieratimes.com/index.php/provence-cote-dazur-article/items/nrj-music-awards-in-cannes-and-the-nominees-are.html |archive-date=May 30, 2013}}</ref> nineteen [[Billboard Music Awards]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fyimusicnews.ca/articles/2015/05/19/justin-bieber-wins-social-artist-billboard-award-tops-13-total-career-nods|title=Justin Bieber Wins Social Artist Billboard Award, Tops 13 Total Career Nods|access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref> and numerous fan voted accolades which include eighteen [[American Music Awards]] and<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/amas/6770287/justin-bieber-american-music-awards-history|title=Justin Bieber: His American Music Awards History|work=Billboard |date=November 22, 2015 |access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref> twenty three [[Teen Choice Awards]].<ref>Teen Choice Awards:
*{{cite web|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/14/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: First Round Of Nominees Announced|date=June 14, 2010|access-date=August 31, 2011|publisher=MTV Networks|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606092606/http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/14/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees|archive-date=June 6, 2012}}
*{{cite web|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/28/teen-choice-2010-nominees/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Second (Giant) Wave Of Nominees Announced!|date=June 28, 2010|access-date=August 31, 2011|publisher=MTV Networks|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105174040/http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/28/teen-choice-2010-nominees/|archive-date=November 5, 2013}}
*{{cite web|url=http://news-briefs.ew.com/2010/08/09/teen-choice-awards-winners-201/|title=2010 Teen Choice Awards winners announced|date=August 9, 2010|access-date=August 31, 2011|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=CNN}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/teen_choice_awards_nominees_announced/249838|title=Teen Choice Awards Nominations Announced: It's a Harry Potter vs. Twilight Showdown!|date=June 29, 2011|access-date=August 31, 2011|publisher=[[E! Online]]}}
*{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2011/08/teen-choice-awards-2011-winners.html|title=Teen Choice Awards 2011 winners|date=August 7, 2011|access-date=August 31, 2011|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}
*{{cite web|last1=Geier|first1=Thom|url=https://thewrap.com/teen-choice-awards-2016-complete-winners-list-bieber-gomez/|title=Teen Choice Awards 2016: The Complete Winners List|website=[[TheWrap]]|date=July 31, 2016|access-date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> He also has won twenty one [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] (one is a special award), which is the most awards received by a single artist to date.<ref>{{cite web|last=FLYNN |first= CAITLIN |url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/119337-how-many-mtv-emas-did-justin-bieber-win-he-was-the-nights-biggest-winner-twitter|title=How Many MTV EMAs Did Justin Bieber Win? He Was The Night's Biggest Winner & Twitter Has A Lot Of Feelings About It|work=Bustle|date=October 25, 2015 |access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref>

On November 13, 2015, the release of ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'' marked his sixth album to debut at number one. He also became the first artist, since [[Elvis Presley]] in 2005, to replace his own song as number one on the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Geffen |first=Sasha |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2681699/adele-justin-bieber-billboard-chart-records/|title=How Many Records Can Adele and Justin Bieber break?|work=MTV |publisher=MTV News |date=December 5, 2015 |access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref> As of 2016, Bieber has received fourteen titles in the [[Guinness World Records]], which include eight that were achieved from the success of his album ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'' and was featured in the 2017 Edition. These records included the most streamed track on [[Spotify]] in one week, the most streamed album on Spotify in one week, the most simultaneous tracks and most simultaneous new entries on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] by a solo artist, the first act to occupy all top three positions simultaneously on the UK Singles Chart, the most followers on [[Twitter]] by a male, the most viewed music channel on [[YouTube]] by an individual, and the most subscribers on YouTube for a musician by a male.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stephenson |first=Kristen |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2016/8/justin-bieber-scores-eight-titles-in-guinness-world-records-2017-edition-441436|title=Justin Bieber scores eight titles in Guinness World Records 2017 Edition|work=Guinness World Records |date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref>

Bieber was included among the top ten in [[Forbes 30 Under 30|The Highest-Paid Celebrities Under 30 annual list]] in the world by ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' magazine. He has been listed six times in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017.<ref>Forbes 100:
* 2011: {{cite magazine|title=Full List: The Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30|url=https://www.forbes.com/2011/06/09/top-earning-celebrities-under-30_slide.html|magazine=[[Forbes]]}}
* 2012: {{cite magazine|last1=Milligan|first1=Lauren|title=Top 10 Under 30|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/forbes-top-30-under-30-taylor-swift-lady-gaga-justin-bieber|magazine=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|access-date=October 23, 2018}}
* 2013: {{cite magazine|title=2013 30 Under 30|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/eeel45eiegl/justin-bieber-19-3/#553e3a21566f|magazine=Forbes|access-date=October 23, 2018|author=Dorothy Pomerantz|date=June 26, 2013}}
* 2014: {{cite magazine|title=Justin Bieber Tops Forbes' List Of The Highest-Earning Celebrities Under 30|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2014/11/24/justin-bieber-tops-forbes-list-of-the-highest-earning-celebrities-under-30/#5000c0bb1a73|magazine=Forbes|access-date=October 23, 2018|author=Dorothy Pomerantz|date=November 24, 2014}}
* 2016: {{cite magazine|title=The 30 Highest-Paid Celebrities Under 30 In 2016|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2016/11/15/the-30-highest-paid-celebrities-under-30-in-2016/#5ba4cf2768b4|magazine=[[Forbes]]}}
* 2017: {{cite magazine|title=The World's 30 Highest-Paid Celebrities Under 30|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2017/11/15/30-highest-paid-celebrities-under-30/|magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

"Steps to Stardom", an exhibit on Bieber's early career, opened in his hometown of Stratford, Ontario in February 2018 at the Stratford Perth Museum, offering a collection of mementoes from his formative years and rise to international stardom.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2018/01/04/justin-bieber-museum-exhibit-to-open-in-hometown-stratford-ont-next-month.html|title=Justin Bieber museum exhibit to open in hometown, Stratford, Ont., next month|last=Friend|first=David|date=January 4, 2018|work=The Toronto Star / The Canadian Press|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref> The items on display include a professional drum kit he owned as a younger child, his Grammy Award, microphones, his [[Stratford Warriors]] hockey jacket, and personal letters, including one from [[Michelle Obama]].<ref name=":1" /> Bieber made a number of visits to the museum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cp24.com/entertainment-news/celebrity-news/justin-bieber-brings-hailey-baldwin-to-hometown-exhibit-on-his-career-1.4116853|title=Justin Bieber brings Hailey Baldwin to hometown exhibit on his career|last=Friend|first=David|date=October 1, 2018|work=CP24 / The Canadian Press|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/justin-bieber-referred-to-hailey-baldwin-wife|title=Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin Reportedly Told a Fan They Were Married|last=Dodson|first=Claire|work=Teen Vogue|access-date=November 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref> "Steps to Stardom" was originally scheduled to close in October 2018 but board of the museum extended its stay for at least another year after the exhibit broke attendance records set by its Anne Frank House exhibit in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/offbeat/justin-bieber-hometown-exhibit-gets-extension/ar-BBOikW2|title=Justin Bieber hometown exhibit gets extension|last=Friend|first=David|date=October 12, 2018|work=MSN / The Canadian Press|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|Justin Bieber discography}}

;Studio albums
* ''[[My World 2.0]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Believe (Justin Bieber album)|Believe]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Purpose (Justin Bieber album)|Purpose]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Changes (Justin Bieber album)|Changes]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Justice (Justin Bieber album)|Justice]]'' (2021)

==Filmography==
{{Main|Justin Bieber videography}}

* ''[[Justin Bieber: Never Say Never]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Men in Black 3]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Katy Perry: Part of Me]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Zendaya: Behind the Scenes]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Justin Bieber's Believe]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Behaving Badly (film)|Behaving Badly]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Lip Sync Battle]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Zoolander 2]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Killing Hasselhoff]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Justin Bieber: Seasons]]'' (2020)


==Tours==
{{Main|List of live performances by Justin Bieber}}

* [[My World (EP)#Promotion|Urban Behavior Tour]] (2009)
* [[My World Tour]] (2010–2011)
* [[Believe Tour]] (2012–2013)
* [[Purpose World Tour]] (2016–2017)
*[[Justice World Tour]] (2022)

==See also==
* [[List of Billboard Social 50 number-one artists|List of ''Billboard'' Social 50 number-one artists]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists]]
* [[List of blue-eyed soul artists]]
* [[List of highest-grossing concert tours]]
* [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels]]
* [[List of most-followed Instagram accounts]]
* [[List of most-followed Twitter accounts]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Justin Bieber}}
{{Wikiquote|Justin Bieber}}
*{{Official website|http://www.justinbiebermusic.com}}
*{{IMDb name|3595501}}

[[Category:Justin Bieber| ]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian singers]]
[[Category:Boy sopranos]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Canadian child singers]]
[[Category:Canadian Christians]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian guitarists]]
[[Category:Canadian male guitarists]]
[[Category:Canadian male singers]]
[[Category:Canadian memoirists]]
[[Category:Canadian pop singers]]
[[Category:Canadian songwriters]]
[[Category:Canadian tenors]]
[[Category:Canadian venture capitalists]]
[[Category:Canadian YouTubers]]
[[Category:Child pop musicians]]
[[Category:Franco-Ontarian people]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners for dance and electronic music]]
[[Category:Island Records artists]]
[[Category:Juno Award for Pop Album of the Year winners]]
[[Category:Juno Fan Choice Award winners]]
[[Category:Latin Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
[[Category:Male YouTubers]]
[[Category:Musicians from London, Ontario]]
[[Category:People from Stratford, Ontario]]
[[Category:People with Lyme disease]]
[[Category:School Boy Records artists]]
[[Category:Webby Award winners]]
[[Category:Canadian hip hop singers]]
[[Category:Dance-pop musicians]]
[[Category:Music YouTubers]]
[[Category:Shorty Award winners]]
[[Category:21st-century memoirists]]
[[Category:Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients]]

TikTok App

2021-05-12T11:51:03Z

Nghhrs: Sr-Global Wikipedia

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{short description|Video-sharing service}}
{{about||the film|Tiktok (film)|other uses|Tick tock (disambiguation){{!}}Tick tock}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox software
| title = TikTok Douyin
| name = TikTok
| logo = [[File:TikTok logo.svg|220px]]<hr/>[[File:douyin logo.png|154px]]
| screenshot = TikTok.com Screenshot.png
| screenshot size = 200
| caption = Screenshot of TikTok.com website.
| developer = [[ByteDance]]
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2016|5}} 
| discontinued = No
| latest release version = 15.5.0
| latest release date = 31 March 2020
| operating system = [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
| size = 308.3 MB (iOS)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/app/tiktok-real-short-videos/id835599320?mt=8|title=TikTok – Real Short Videos|website=App Store|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608072028/https://itunes.apple.com/app/tiktok-real-short-videos/id835599320?mt=8|archive-date=8 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
 55.21 MB (Android)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ss.android.ugc.trill|title=TikTok|website=Play Store|access-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626182744/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ss.android.ugc.trill|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| language = Arabic, Bengali, Burmese, Cambodian, Cebuano, Czech, Dutch, English, Filipino, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kannada, Korean, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese
| language count = 40
| language footnote = <ref name="tunes">{{cite web|title=TikTok - Make Your Day|url=https://itunes.apple.com/app/tiktok-real-short-videos/id835599320|work=[[iTunes]]|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503083727/https://itunes.apple.com/app/tiktok-real-short-videos/id835599320|archive-date=3 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| genre = [[Video hosting service|Video sharing]]
| license = [[Proprietary software]] with [https://www.tiktok.com/legal/terms-of-use Terms of Use]
| website = {{URL|https://www.tiktok.com|tiktok.com}} {{URL|https://www.douyin.com|douyin.com}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Douyin
|c=抖音
|p=Dǒuyīn
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|d|ou|3|.|yin|1}}
|l="vibrating sound"
}}
'''TikTok''', known in China as '''Douyin''' is a [[Online video platform|video-sharing]] [[social networking service]] owned by Chinese company [[ByteDance]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Isaac|first=Mike|date=2020-10-08|title=U.S. Appeals Injunction Against TikTok Ban|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/08/technology/us-appeals-injunction-against-tiktok-ban.html|access-date=2020-10-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The social media platform is used to make a variety of short-form videos, from genres like dance, comedy, and education, that have a duration from 15 seconds to one minute (three minutes for some users).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/09/tiktok-app-musically-guide.html |title=A Guide to TikTok for Anyone Who Isn't a Teen |last=Schwedel |first=Heather |date=4 September 2018 |website=Slate Magazine |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321115418/https://slate.com/technology/2018/09/tiktok-app-musically-guide.html |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Al-Heeti |first1=Abrar |title=TikTok is reportedly experimenting with 3-minute videos |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/tiktok-is-reportedly-experimenting-with-longer-three-minute-videos/ |access-date=15 December 2020 |publisher=CNET |date=2020-12-02}}</ref> TikTok is an international version of Douyin, which was originally released in the Chinese market in September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok, WeChat and the growing digital divide between the US and China|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/09/22/tiktok-wechat-and-the-growing-digital-divide-between-the-u-s-and-china/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111194424/https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/22/tiktok-wechat-and-the-growing-digital-divide-between-the-u-s-and-china/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, TikTok was launched in 2017 for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] in most markets outside of [[mainland China]]; however, it only became available worldwide after merging with another Chinese social media service, [[Musical.ly]], on 2 August 2018.

TikTok and Douyin have almost the same user interface but no access to each other's content. Their servers are each based in the market where the respective app is available.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/forget-the-trade-war-tiktok-is-chinas-most-important-export |title=Forget The Trade War. TikTok Is China's Most Important Export Right Now. |date=16 May 2019 |work=BuzzFeed News |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524023340/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/forget-the-trade-war-tiktok-is-chinas-most-important-export |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The two products are similar, but features are not identical. Douyin includes an in-video search feature that can search by people's face for more videos of them and other features such as buying, booking hotels and making geo-tagged reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Niewenhuis|first=Lucas|date=2019-09-25|title=The difference between TikTok and Douyin|url=https://supchina.com/2019/09/25/the-difference-between-tiktok-and-douyin/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=SupChina|language=en-US}}</ref> Since its launch in 2016, TikTok/Douyin rapidly gained popularity in [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], the United States, Turkey, Russia, and other parts of the world.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohsin |first1=Maryam |title=10 TikTok Statistics That You Need to Know in 2020 [Infographic] |url=https://www.oberlo.com/blog/tiktok-statistics#5_TikTok_Usage_by_Country |website=oberlo.com |access-date=27 May 2020 |date=17 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205041457/https://www.oberlo.com/blog/tiktok-statistics#5_TikTok_Usage_by_Country |archive-date=5 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=50 TikTok Stats That Will Blow Your Mind [Updated 2020] |url=https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/ |website=Influencer Marketing Hub |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604073536/https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/ |archive-date=4 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=RouteBot |title=Top 10 Countries with the Largest Number of TikTok Users |url=https://www.brandsynario.com/tik-tok-download/ |website=routenote.com |access-date=27 May 2020 |date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220043546/https://www.brandsynario.com/tik-tok-download/ |archive-date=20 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of October 2020, TikTok surpassed over 2 billion mobile downloads worldwide.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=2019-01-11|title=50 TikTok Stats That Will Blow Your Mind in 2020 [UPDATED ]|url=https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Influencer Marketing Hub|language=en-US|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604073536/https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Carman|first=Ashley|date=2020-04-29|title=TikTok reaches 2 billion downloads|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241788/tiktok-app-download-numbers-update-2-billion-users|access-date=2020-10-12|website=The Verge|language=en|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729003408/https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241788/tiktok-app-download-numbers-update-2-billion-users|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2020年春季报告：抖音用户规模达5.18亿人次，女性用户占比57%|url=https://games.sina.cn/cyfw/cyxw/2020-04-22/detail-iirczymi7765035.d.html|language=zh|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023650/https://games.sina.cn/cyfw/cyxw/2020-04-22/detail-iirczymi7765035.d.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://datareportal.com/social-media-users|title=GLOBAL SOCIAL MEDIA OVERVIEW|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806235517/https://datareportal.com/social-media-users|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vanessa Pappas is the CEO of TikTok, having assumed the position following the resignation of Kevin A. Mayer on 27 August 2020.<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=https://fortune.com/2020/08/27/tiktok-ceo-kevin-mayer-quits-us-sale |title=TikTok CEO Kevin Mayer quits after 4 months |work=Fortune (magazine) |publisher=Bloomberg News |date=27 August 2020 |access-date=27 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Steven |last=Zeitchik |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/18/kevin-mayer-disney-tiktok/ |title=In surprise move, a top Disney executive will run TikTok |work=The Washington Post |date=18 May 2020 |access-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625210032/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/18/kevin-mayer-disney-tiktok/ |archive-date=25 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-28|title=Australian appointed interim chief executive of TikTok|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-28/australian-vanessa-pappas-appointed-tiktok-interim-ceo/12606814|access-date=2020-10-15|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> On 3 August 2020, US President [[Donald Trump]] threatened to ban TikTok in the United States on 15 September if negotiations for the company to be bought by [[Microsoft]] or a different "very American" company failed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/3/21352878/trump-us-ban-tiktok-microsoft-acquisition-treasury-interview-deadline|title=Trump threatens that TikTok will "close down" on September 15th unless an American company buys it|first=Adi|last=Robertson|date=3 August 2020|website=The Verge|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813235326/https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/3/21352878/trump-us-ban-tiktok-microsoft-acquisition-treasury-interview-deadline|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 August, Trump signed two [[s:Executive Order 13942|executive orders]] banning US "transactions" with TikTok and [[WeChat]] to its respective parent companies ByteDance and [[Tencent]], set to take effect 45 days after the signing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/06/us-senate-tiktok-ban|title=Trump bans US transactions with Chinese-owned TikTok and WeChat|last=Singh|first=Maanvi|date=6 August 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> A planned ban of the app on 20 September 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2020/09/commerce-department-prohibits-wechat-and-tiktok-transactions-protect|title=Commerce Department Prohibits WeChat and TikTok Transactions to Protect the National Security of the United States|website=U.S. Department of Commerce|access-date=18 September 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920143218/https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2020/09/commerce-department-prohibits-wechat-and-tiktok-transactions-protect|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Arbel|first=Tali|date=6 August 2020|title=Trump bans dealings with Chinese owners of TikTok, WeChat|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/719d8c83f689929c9c9d8c9aa5593fc8|url-status=live|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807071140/https://apnews.com/719d8c83f689929c9c9d8c9aa5593fc8}}</ref> was postponed by a week and then blocked by a federal judge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/19/tech/donald-trump-tiktok-deal-approval/index.html|title=Trump says he has approved a deal for TikTok|first=Brian|last=Fung|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-signs-off-on-deal-allowing-tiktok-to-continue-u-s-operations-11600551352|title=Trump Signs Off on TikTok Deal With Oracle, Walmart|first=Andrew Restuccia, John D. McKinnon and Georgia|last=Wells|date=20 September 2020|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/19/technology/trump-oracle-and-tiktok.html|title=Trump Approves Deal Between Oracle and TikTok|first1=Ana|last1=Swanson|first2=David|last2=McCabe|first3=Erin|last3=Griffith|date=19 September 2020|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/judge-suggests-tiktok-ban-would-be-a-fairly-significant-deprivation/ar-BB19tAvo TikTok ban: Judge rules app won't be blocked in the US, for now]; [[CNN]] by way of [[MSN]]; published September 28, 2020; accessed February 7, 2021</ref> The app has been banned by the government of [[India]] since June 2020 along with 223<ref name="full list">{{cite web |last1=Sabat |first1=Surabhi |title=Full List Of 224 Chinese Apps Banned In India Till Date; Including PUBG, TikTok And Shein |url=https://www.republicworld.com/technology-news/apps/how-many-chinese-apps-banned-in-india-till-now-see-the-full-list.html |website=Republic World |access-date=16 September 2020 |date=2 September 2020 |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111194421/https://www.republicworld.com/technology-news/apps/how-many-chinese-apps-banned-in-india-till-now-see-the-full-list.html |url-status=live }}</ref> other Chinese apps in response to a [[2020 China–India skirmishes|border clash]] with China.<ref name="india_ban">{{cite news|first=Pankaj|last=Doval|date=30 June 2020|title= TikTok, UC Browser among 59 Chinese apps blocked as threat to sovereignty|website= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/chinese-apps-banned-in-india-tiktok-uc-browser-among-59-chinese-apps-blocked-as-threat-to-sovereignty/articleshow/76699679.cms|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200630043219/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/chinese-apps-banned-in-india-tiktok-uc-browser-among-59-chinese-apps-blocked-as-threat-to-sovereignty/articleshow/76699679.cms|archive-date= 30 June 2020|url-status= live}}</ref> Pakistan banned TikTok citing 'immoral' and 'indecent' videos on 9 October 2020 but reversed its ban ten days later on 19 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/19/tech/tiktok-ban-pakistan-reversed/index.html|title=Pakistan reverses TikTok ban after 10 days|first=Charles Riley, CNN|last=Business|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kastrenakes|first=Jacob|date=2020-10-09|title=Pakistan bans TikTok for "immoral" and "indecent" videos|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21509817/tiktok-pakistan-ban-immoral-indecent-content|access-date=2020-10-12|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan bans TikTok for allowing 'immoral and indecent' content |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/10/09/pakistan-bans-tiktok-for-allowing-immoral-and-indecent-content/ |website=Android Police |access-date=10 October 2020 |date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Then in March 2021, a Pakistani court ordered a new TikTok ban due to complaints over "indecent" content.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahmad|first=Asif Shahzad, Jibran|date=2021-03-11|title=Pakistan to block social media app TikTok over 'indecency' complaint|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-socialmedia-tiktok-idUSKBN2B329C|access-date=2021-03-11}}</ref>

[[Morning Consult]] ranked TikTok as the third fastest growing brand of 2020, after only [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]] and [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fastest Growing Brands of 2020|url=https://morningconsult.com/fastest-growing-brands-2020/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=Morning Consult|language=en-US}}</ref> In May 2021, TikTok appointed Shou Zi Chew as their new CEO.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok Names ByteDance CFO Shou Zi Chew as New CEO|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/tiktok-ceo-shou-zi-chew-bytedance-cfo-singapore-kevin-mayer-2425785|access-date=2021-05-01|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Evolution ===
[[File:ByteDance Logo.svg|thumb|ByteDance Ltd., the Chinese company owning and operating TikTok]]

Douyin was launched by ByteDance in Beijing, China in September 2016, originally under the name A.me, before rebranding to Douyin ({{lang|zh|抖音}}) in December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1001728/the-app-that-launched-a-thousand-memes|title=The App That Launched a Thousand Memes {{!}} Sixth Tone|date=20 February 2018|work=Sixth Tone|access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191256/http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1001728/the-app-that-launched-a-thousand-memes|archive-date=23 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|title=Is Douyin the Right Social Video Platform for Luxury Brands? {{!}} Jing Daily|date=11 March 2018|work=Jing Daily|access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915044636/https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|archive-date=15 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ByteDance planned on Douyin expanding overseas. The founder of ByteDance, Zhang Yiming, stated that "China is home to only one-fifth of Internet users globally. If we don’t expand on a global scale, we are bound to lose to peers eyeing the four-fifths. So, going global is a must."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340547035 |title=TIKTOK'S RISE TO GLOBAL MARKETS 1 |access-date=7 June 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023625/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340547035_TIKTOK%27S_RISE_TO_GLOBAL_MARKETS_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Douyin was developed in 200 days and within a year had 100 million users, with more than one billion videos viewed every day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|title=How Douyin became China's top short-video App in 500 days|last=Graziani|first=Thomas|date=30 July 2018|website=WalktheChat |access-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025317/https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://technode.com/2018/06/15/8-lessons-douyin/|title=8 Lessons from the rise of Douyin (Tik Tok) · TechNode|date=15 June 2018|website=TechNode |access-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311192049/https://technode.com/2018/06/15/8-lessons-douyin/|archive-date=11 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok was launched in the international market in September 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Tik_Tok_a_Global_Music_Video_Platform_and_Social_Network_Launches_in_Indonesia-187963.shtml|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia|access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111648/https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Tik_Tok_a_Global_Music_Video_Platform_and_Social_Network_Launches_in_Indonesia-187963.shtml|archive-date=15 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 January 2018, the TikTok app ranked No. 1 among free app downloads on app stores in [[Thailand]] and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thailand.shafaqna.com/EN/TH/738296|title=Tik Tok, Global Short Video Community launched in Thailand with the latest AI feature, GAGA Dance Machine The very first short video app with a new function based on AI technology|website=thailand.shafaqna.com|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010511/http://thailand.shafaqna.com/EN/TH/738296|archive-date=10 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

TikTok has been downloaded more than 130 million times in the United States, and has reached 2 billion downloads worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carman |first1=Ashley |title=TikTok reaches 2 billion downloads |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241788/tiktok-app-download-numbers-update-2-billion-users |website=The Verge |access-date=1 August 2020 |language=en |date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729003408/https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241788/tiktok-app-download-numbers-update-2-billion-users |archive-date=29 July 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Doyle |first1=Brandon |title=TikTok Statistics - Everything You Need to Know [Sept 2020 Update] |url=https://wallaroomedia.com/blog/social-media/tiktok-statistics/#:~:text=Total%20App%20Downloads%20%E2%80%93%20The%20TikTok,Tower%200n%20April%2029%2C%202020. |website=Wallaroo Media |access-date=21 November 2020 |date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806153343/https://wallaroomedia.com/blog/social-media/tiktok-statistics/#:~:text=Total%20App%20Downloads%20%E2%80%93%20The%20TikTok,Tower%200n%20April%2029%2C%202020. |url-status=live }}</ref> according to data from mobile research firm Sensor Tower that excludes Android users in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/21/tech/tiktok-app/index.html|title=TikTok is the latest social network sensation|last=Yurieff|first=Kaya|date=21 November 2018|website=Cnn.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104123943/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/21/tech/tiktok-app/index.html|archive-date=4 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, many celebrities including [[Jimmy Fallon]] and [[Tony Hawk]] began using the application in 2018;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/15/18095446/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-tony-hawk-downloads-revenue|title=TikTok surges past 6M downloads in the US as celebrities join the app|last=Alexander|first=Julia|date=15 November 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224105355/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/15/18095446/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-tony-hawk-downloads-revenue|archive-date=24 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-musically-app-downloads-1203032629/|title=TikTok App Nears 80 Million U.S. Downloads After Phasing Out Musical.ly, Lands Jimmy Fallon as Fan|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=20 November 2018|website=Variety |access-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102085913/https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-musically-app-downloads-1203032629/|archive-date=2 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> other celebrities such as [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Jessica Alba]], [[Will Smith]], and [[Justin Bieber]] joined TikTok as well and many other celebrities have followed.<ref>{{cite web|title=A-Rod & J.Lo, Reese Witherspoon and the Rest of the A-List Celebs You Should Be Following on TikTok|url=https://people.com/celebrity/celebrities-on-tiktok/|website=PEOPLE.com |access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528054649/https://people.com/celebrity/celebrities-on-tiktok/|archive-date=28 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 September 2019, TikTok and the US [[National Football League]] (NFL) announced a multi-year partnership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/09/03/the-nfl-joins-tiktok-in-multi-year-partnership/ |title=The NFL joins TikTok in multi-year partnership |website=TechCrunch |access-date=5 September 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023621/https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/03/the-nfl-joins-tiktok-in-multi-year-partnership/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The agreement occurred just two days before the NFL's 100th season kick-off at the [[Soldier Field]], where TikTok hosted activities for fans in honor of the deal. The partnership entails the launch of an official NFL TikTok account, which is to bring about new marketing opportunities such as sponsored videos and hashtag challenges. In July 2020, TikTok, excluding Douyin, reported close to 800 million monthly active users worldwide after less than four years of existence.<ref name="auto"/>

=== Musical.ly merger ===
{{Further|Musical.ly}}

On 9 November 2017, TikTok's parent company, ByteDance, spent up to US$1 billion to purchase musical.ly, a startup headquartered in [[Shanghai]] with an overseas office in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], California, US.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|title=Social-Media App Musical.ly Is Acquired for as Much as $1 Billion|last1=Lin|first1=Liza|last2=Winkler|first2=Rolfe|date=9 November 2017|website=wsj.com|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401173155/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BusinessInsider">{{Cite news|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&IR=T|title=Social video app Musical.ly acquired for up to $1 billion|work=Business Insider|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&IR=T|archive-date=5 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Musical.ly was a social media video platform that allowed users to create short lip-sync and comedy videos, initially released in August 2014. It was well known, especially to the younger audience. Looking forward to leveraging the US digital platform's young user base, TikTok merged with musical.ly on 2 August 2018 to create a larger video community, with existing accounts and data consolidated into one app, keeping the title TikTok.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Dami|date=2 August 2018|title=The popular Musical.ly app has been rebranded as TikTok|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/2/17644260/musically-rebrand-tiktok-bytedance-douyin}}</ref> This ended musical.ly and made TikTok a worldwide app, excluding China, since China already has Douyin.<ref name="BusinessInsider" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/music/news/musically-is-going-away-users-to-be-shifted-to-bytedance-e2-80-99s-tiktok-video-app/ar-BBLovl1|title=Musical.ly Is Going Away: Users to Be Shifted to Bytedance's TikTok Video App|website=msn.com|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142054/https://www.msn.com/en-us/music/news/musically-is-going-away-users-to-be-shifted-to-bytedance-e2-80-99s-tiktok-video-app/ar-BBLovl1|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://beebom.com/musical-ly-app-to-be-shut-down-users-will-be-migrated-to-tiktok/|title=Musical.ly App To Be Shut Down, Users Will Be Migrated to TikTok|last=Kundu|first=Kishalaya|date=2 August 2018|website=Beebom|language=en-US|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005154207/https://beebom.com/musical-ly-app-to-be-shut-down-users-will-be-migrated-to-tiktok/|archive-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Expansion in other markets ===
As of 2018, TikTok has been made available in over 150 markets, and in 75 languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/17/c_137330644.htm|title=Chinese video sharing app boasts 500 mln monthly active users - Xinhua | English.news.cn|website=xinhuanet.com|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010150345/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/17/c_137330644.htm|archive-date=10 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://jingdaily.com/douyin-not-for-luxury-brands/|title=Why China's Viral Video App Douyin is No Good for Luxury {{!}} Jing Daily|date=13 June 2018|work=Jing Daily|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212084421/https://jingdaily.com/douyin-not-for-luxury-brands/|archive-date=12 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok was downloaded more than 104 million times on [[Apple Inc.|Apple's]] App store during the full first half of 2018, according to data provided to [[CNBC]] by Sensor Tower.

After merging with musical.ly in August, downloads increased and TikTok became the most downloaded app in the US in October 2018, which musical.ly had done once before.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.prnasia.com/story/187963-0.shtml|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia-PR Newswire APAC|website=en.prnasia.com|access-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925203535/http://en.prnasia.com/story/187963-0.shtml|archive-date=25 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|title=How Douyin became China's top short-video App in 500 days – WalktheChat|date=25 February 2018|work=WalktheChat|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025317/https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2019, TikTok, together with Douyin, hit one billion downloads globally, excluding Android installs in China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sensortower.com/ios/publisher/publisher/1322881000|title=TikTok Pte. Ltd.|work=Sensortower|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524013144/https://sensortower.com/ios/publisher/publisher/1322881000|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, media outlets cited TikTok as the 7th-most-downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/10-most-downloaded-apps-of-the-decade-facebook-dominated-2010-2019/|title=Facebook was the most-downloaded app of the decade|last=Rayome|first=Alison DeNisco|website=CNET |access-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218120846/https://www.cnet.com/news/10-most-downloaded-apps-of-the-decade-facebook-dominated-2010-2019/|archive-date=18 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also the most-downloaded app on Apple's App Store in 2018 and 2019, surpassing [[Facebook]], [[YouTube]] and [[Instagram]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/19/short-video-apps-like-douyin-tiktok-are-dominating-chinese-screens.html|title=The biggest trend in Chinese social media is dying, and another has already taken its place|last=Chen|first=Qian|date=18 September 2018|work=CNBC|access-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085446/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/19/short-video-apps-like-douyin-tiktok-are-dominating-chinese-screens.html|archive-date=16 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/02/tiktok-surpassed-facebook-instagram-snapchat-youtube-in-downloads-last-month/|title=TikTok surpassed Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat & YouTube in downloads last month|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211095541/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/02/tiktok-surpassed-facebook-instagram-snapchat-youtube-in-downloads-last-month/|archive-date=11 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2020, a deal was confirmed between ByteDance and [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] in which the latter will serve as a partner to provide cloud hosting.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Novet|first=Jordan|date=13 September 2020|title=Oracle stock surges after it confirms deal with TikTok-owner ByteDance|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/14/microsoft-bid-for-tiktoks-us-operations-rejected-by-bytedance.html|access-date=2 October 2020|website=CNBC|language=en|quote=Shares of Oracle surged Monday morning after it confirmed it has been chosen to serve as TikTok owner ByteDance’s “trusted technology provider” in the U.S.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=25 September 2020|title=Here's where things stand with the messy TikTok deal|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/25/tiktok-deal-timeline-the-latest-in-the-messy-saga-as-ban-looms.html|access-date=28 September 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> [[Walmart]] intends to invest in TikTok.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Corkery|first=Michael|date=23 September 2020|title=Beyond TikTok, Walmart Looks to Transform|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/business/walmart-tiktok-groceries.html|access-date=2 October 2020|issn=0362-4331|quote=Walmart’s planned investment in TikTok is being called “transformative.”}}</ref> This deal would stall in 2021 as newly-elected President [[Joe Biden|Biden]]'s [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] put a hold on the previous US ban under President [[Donald Trump|Trump]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Biden Administration Pauses Trump's TikTok Ban, Backs Off Pressure To Sell App |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/10/966584204/biden-administration-pauses-trumps-tiktok-ban-backs-off-pressure-for-tiktok-to-s}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TikTok Sale to Oracle, Walmart Is Shelved as Biden Reviews Security |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-sale-to-oracle-walmart-is-shelved-as-biden-reviews-security-11612958401}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ByteDance is walking away from its TikTok deal with Oracle now that Trump isn't in office, report says |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bytedance-ending-oracle-deal-because-trump-is-out-scmp-2021-2}}</ref> In November 2020, TikTok signed a licensing deal with [[Sony Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok signs deal with Sony Music to expand music library|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/tiktok-signs-deal-sony-music-170116348.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2020, [[Warner Music Group]] signed a licensing deal with TikTok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/warner-music-group-inks-licensing-deal-with-tiktok/|title=Warner Music Group inks licensing deal with TikTok|date=4 January 2021|website=Music Business Worldwide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Warner Music signs with TikTok as more record companies jump on social media bandwagon |url=https://themusicnetwork.com/warner-music-tiktok-deal/ |website=themusicnetwork.com |access-date=2021-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Warner Music Group: Modernized And Ready To Play In The New Streaming World |url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/4419318-warner-music-tuned-up-for-new-streaming-world |website=seekingalpha.com |access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>

== Douyin (抖音) ==
{{redirect-distinguish|Douyin|Doujin}}
As a separate app from TikTok, Douyin officially known as ''Dǒuyīn duǎn shìpín'' (抖音短视频; lit. Douyin Short Video)''','''<ref>{{Cite web|title=抖音短视频|url=https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/%E6%8A%96%E9%9F%B3%E7%9F%AD%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91/id1142110895|access-date=22 September 2020|website=App Store|language=zh-cn|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503083727/https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/%E6%8A%96%E9%9F%B3%E7%9F%AD%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91/id1142110895|url-status=live}}</ref> is primarily downloaded in China and has a slightly older audience than TikTok, as their user base ranges from children to middle-aged adults. The app uses two different types of verification, an influencer personal verification similar to that of TikTok and a business verification requiring a license and yearly fee. Business verified users could promote to a specific audience, which allows them to choose where they want their video to be seen, such as a specific physical location. Douyin also has its store, in which users can tag and advertise their products, and users can request to work with an influencer for brand deals.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 March 2020|title=A Thorough Guide to Influencing on Douyin - For Individuals and Businesses (2020)|url=https://www.nanjingmarketinggroup.com/blog/influencers-brands-douyin|access-date=3 June 2020|website=Nanjing Marketing Group|language=en|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023627/https://www.nanjingmarketinggroup.com/blog/influencers-brands-douyin|url-status=live}}</ref> Part of the app's popularity has been attributed to its marketing campaigns that launched several Chinese celebrities' activities to engage their fans' interest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chinamusicbusinessnews.com/?p=1843|title=Douyin launches partnership with Modern Sky to monetize music|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010353/http://chinamusicbusinessnews.com/?p=1843|archive-date=10 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Features and trends ==
The TikTok mobile app allows users to create short videos, which often feature music in the background and can be sped up, slowed down, or edited with a filter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How to Use TikTok: Tips for New Users|language=en|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-use-tik-tok/|access-date=27 May 2020|issn=1059-1028|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814235926/https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-use-tik-tok/|archive-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> They can also add their own sound on top of the background music. To create a music video with the app, users can choose background music from a wide variety of [[music genre]]s, edit with a filter and record a 15-second video with speed adjustments before uploading it to share with others on TikTok or other social platforms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-use-tik-tok/|title=How to Use TikTok: Tips for New Users|last=Matsakis|first=Louise|date=6 March 2019|work=Wired|access-date=24 May 2019|issn=1059-1028|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814235926/https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-use-tik-tok/|archive-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> They can also film short lip-sync videos to popular songs.

The "For You" page on TikTok is a feed of videos that are recommended to users based on their activity on the app. Content is generated by TikTok's artificial intelligence (AI) depending on the content a user liked, interacted with, or searched. Users can also choose to add to favorites or select "not interested" on videos for their page. TikTok combines the user's enjoyed content to provide videos that they would also enjoy. Users and their content can only be featured on the "for you" page if they are 16 or over as per TikTok policy. Users under 16 will not show up under the "for you" page, the sounds page, or under any hashtags.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 January 2019|title=TikTok Restricts Users Under 16 From Being Discovered|url=http://vm.tiktok.com/R9KGdN/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716192803/http://vm.tiktok.com/R9KGdN/|archive-date=16 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019|website=TikTok}}</ref>

The app's "react" feature allows users to film their reaction to a specific video, over which it is placed in a small window that is movable around the screen.<ref name="TechCrunch">{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/03/tiktok-reactions/|title=TikTok adds video reactions to its newly-merged app|work=TechCrunch|access-date=20 November 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120140013/https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/03/tiktok-reactions/|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Its "duet" feature allows users to film a video aside another video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/lifestyle/30346044|title=Tik Tok lets you duet with yourself, a pal, or a celebrity|website=The Nation|language=en|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626182740/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/lifestyle/30346044|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The "duet" feature was another trademark of Musical.ly.

Videos that users do not want to post yet can be stored in their "drafts". The user is allowed to see their "drafts" and post when they find it fitting.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to make and find drafts on TikTok using your iPhone or Android|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-get-to-drafts-on-tiktok|last=Liao|first=Christina|website=Business Insider|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426172302/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-get-to-drafts-on-tiktok|archive-date=26 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The app allows users to set their accounts as "private." When first downloading the app, the user's account is public by default. The user can change to private in their settings. Private content remains visible to TikTok, but is blocked from TikTok users who the account holder has not authorized to view their content.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/01/29/its-time-to-pay-serious-attention-to-tiktok/|title=It's time to pay serious attention to TikTok|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023621/https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/29/its-time-to-pay-serious-attention-to-tiktok/|url-status=live}}</ref> Users can choose whether any other user, or only their "friends", may interact with them through the app via comments, messages, or "react" or "duet" videos.<ref name="TechCrunch" /> Users also can set specific videos to either "public", "friends only", or "private" regardless if the account is private or not.<ref name=":1" />

Users are also allowed to report accounts depending on the account's content, either being spam or inappropriate. In TikTok's support center under "For Parents," they reassure the parents that inappropriate content for their children can be blocked and reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.tiktok.com/en/privacy-safety/for-parents-en|title=Support Center | TikTok|website=support.tiktok.com|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424184447/https://support.tiktok.com/en/privacy-safety/for-parents-en|archive-date=24 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

When users follow other users, a "following" page is located on the left of the "for you" page. This is a page only to see the videos from the accounts a user follows.

Users can also add videos, hashtags, filters, and sounds to their "saved" section. When creating a video, they can refer to their saved section, or create a video straight from it. This section is visible only to the user on their profile allowing them to refer to any video, hashtag, filter, or sound they've previously saved.

Users can also send their friends videos, emojis, and messages with direct messaging.

TikTok has also included a feature to create a video based on the user's comments.

Influencers often use the "live" feature. This feature is only available for those who have at least 1,000 followers and are over 16 years old. If over 18, the user's followers can send virtual "gifts" that can be later exchanged for money.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to 'go live' on TikTok and livestream video to your followers|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-go-live-on-tiktok|last=Delfino|first=Devon|website=Business Insider|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528175142/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-go-live-on-tiktok|archive-date=28 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How To Go Live & Stream on TikTok|url=https://social.techjunkie.com/tiktok-go-live-stream/|website=Tech Junkie|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023621/https://social.techjunkie.com/tiktok-go-live-stream/|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the newest features as of 2020 is the "Virtual Items" of "Small Gestures" feature. This is based on China's big practice of social gifting. Since this feature was added, many beauty companies and brands created a TikTok account to participate and advertise this feature. With quarantine in the United States, social gifting has grown in popularity. According to a TikTok representative, the campaign was launched as a result of the lockdown, "to build a sense of support and encouragement with the TikTok community during these tough times."<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 May 2020|title=TikTok's social gifting campaign attracts beauty brands|url=https://www.glossy.co/beauty/tiktoks-social-gifting-campaign-attracts-beauty-brands|access-date=12 June 2020|website=Glossy|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612174934/https://www.glossy.co/beauty/tiktoks-social-gifting-campaign-attracts-beauty-brands|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

TikTok announced a "family safety mode" in February 2020 for parents to be able to control their children's digital well-being. There is a screen time management option, restricted mode, and can put a limit on direct messages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing Family Safety Mode and Screentime Management in Feed |url=https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/family-safety-mode-and-screentime-management-in-feed/ |date=16 August 2019 |website=Newsroom {{!}} TikTok |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503004640/https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/family-safety-mode-and-screentime-management-in-feed |archive-date=3 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 February 2020 |title=TikTok gives parent remote control of child's app |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51561050 |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530224001/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51561050 |archive-date=30 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Viral trends ===
A variety of trends have risen within TikTok, including [[Internet meme|memes]], [[Lip sync|lip-synced]] songs, and comedy videos. Duets, a feature that allows users to add their own video to an existing video with the original content's audio, have sparked many of these trends.

Trends are shown on TikTok's explore page or the page with the search logo. The page enlists the trending [[hashtag]]s and challenges among the app. Some include #posechallenge, #filterswitch, #dontjudgemechallenge, #homedecor, #hitormiss, #bottlecapchallenge and more. In June 2019, the company introduced the hashtag #EduTok which received 37 billion views. Following this development, the company initiated partnerships with [[EdTech|edtech]] startups to create educational content on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|title=TikTok ties up with edtech startups for content creation|url=https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/tiktok-ties-up-with-edtech-startups-for-content-creation/70991509|access-date=20 April 2020|website=ETtech.com|language=en|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023624/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/tiktok-ties-up-with-edtech-startups-for-content-creation/70991509|url-status=live}}</ref>

The app has spawned numerous [[Viral phenomenon|viral trends]], [[Internet celebrity|Internet celebrities]], and music trends around the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Does Tik Tok Outperform Tencent's Super App WeChat and Become One of China's Most Popular Apps? (Part 1)|url=https://kr-asia.com/bytedance-general-manager-zhang-nan-tik-tok-meshes-with-chinas-consumption-upgrade-trends/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711025929/https://kr-asia.com/bytedance-general-manager-zhang-nan-tik-tok-meshes-with-chinas-consumption-upgrade-trends/|archive-date=11 July 2018|access-date=29 October 2018|website=kr-asia.com}}</ref> Many stars got their start on [[musical.ly]], which merged with TikTok on 2 August 2018. These users include [[Loren Gray]], [[Baby Ariel]], [[Kristen Hancher]], [[Zach King]], [[Lisa and Lena]], [[Jacob Sartorius]], and many others. Loren Gray remained the most-followed individual on TikTok until [[Charli D'Amelio|Charli D’Amelio]] surpassed her on 25 March 2020. Gray's was the first TikTok account to reach 40 million followers on the platform. She was surpassed with 41.3 million followers. D'Amelio was the first to ever reach 50, 60, and 70 million followers. Until now Charli D’Amelio remains the [[List of most-followed TikTok accounts|most-followed individual]] on the platform. Other creators rose to fame after the platform merged with [[musical.ly]] on 2 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=TikTok Star Charli D'Amelio Officially Leaves the Hype House|url=https://people.com/tv/tik-tok-charli-damelio-leave-hype-house/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513184350/https://people.com/tv/tik-tok-charli-damelio-leave-hype-house/|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=27 May 2020|website=PEOPLE.com|language=EN}}</ref>

One notable TikTok trend is the "hit or miss" meme, which begain from a snippet of iLOVEFRiDAY's song "[[Mia Khalifa (Diss)|Mia Khalifa]]." The song has been used in over four million TikTok videos and helped introduce the app to a larger Western audience.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 March 2020|title=TikTok's Renegade dance : An internet success across the United States|url=https://us.blastingnews.com/opinion/2020/03/tiktoks-renegade-dance-an-internet-success-across-the-united-states-003085731.html|access-date=27 May 2020|website=Blasting News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web|date=12 February 2019|title=How TikTok Gets Rich While Paying Artists Pennies|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/article/the-great-music-meme-scam-how-tiktok-gets-rich-while-paying-artists-pennies/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526211142/https://pitchfork.com/features/article/the-great-music-meme-scam-how-tiktok-gets-rich-while-paying-artists-pennies/|archive-date=26 May 2019|access-date=20 May 2019|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> TikTok also played a major part in making "[[Old Town Road]]" by [[Lil Nas X]] one of the biggest songs of 2019 and the longest running number-one song in the history of the [[Billboard Hot 100]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|title=How Lil Nas X Took 'Old Town Road' From TikTok Meme to No. 1 {{!}} Diary of a Song|date=9 May 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptKqFafZgCk|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110153141/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptKqFafZgCk|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Koble|first=Nicole|date=28 October 2019|title=TikTok is changing music as you know it|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/what-is-tiktok|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123115730/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/what-is-tiktok|archive-date=23 November 2019|access-date=26 November 2019|website=[[British GQ]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Leskin|first=Paige|date=22 August 2019|title=The life and rise of Lil Nas X, the 'Old Town Road' singer who went viral on TikTok and just celebrated Amazon Prime Day with Jeff Bezos|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-tiktok-life-rise-bio-2019-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914003241/https://www.businessinsider.com/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-tiktok-life-rise-bio-2019-8|archive-date=14 September 2019|access-date=26 November 2019|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Spanos|first=Brittany|date=December 2019|title=How Lil Nas X and 'Old Town Road' Defy Categorization|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-american-ingenuity-180973492/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119070033/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-american-ingenuity-180973492/|archive-date=19 November 2019|access-date=26 November 2019|website=[[Smithsonian]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick D.|date=20 November 2019|title=Lil Nas X makes Grammy history as the first openly gay rapper nominated in top categories|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-11-20/grammy-nominations-2020-lil-nas-x-old-town-road|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127045635/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-11-20/grammy-nominations-2020-lil-nas-x-old-town-road|archive-date=27 November 2019|access-date=26 November 2019|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>

TikTok has allowed many other bands to gain a wider audience, often including foreign fans. For example, despite never having toured in Asia, the band [[Fitz and the Tantrums]] developed a large following in South Korea following the widespread popularity of their song "[[HandClap]]" on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shaw|first=Lucas|title=TikTok Is the New Music Kingmaker, and Labels Want to Get Paid|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-10/tiktok-is-the-new-music-kingmaker-and-labels-want-to-get-paid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414113435/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-10/tiktok-is-the-new-music-kingmaker-and-labels-want-to-get-paid|archive-date=14 April 2020|access-date=22 April 2020|website=[[Bloomberg.com]]}}</ref> "Any Song" by R&B and rap artist [[Zico (rapper)|Zico]] became number 1 on the Korean music charts due to the popularity of the #anysongchallenge, where users dance the choreography of "Any Song". "Any Song" was on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] chart for 17 weeks, breaking the record for the longest time a song was number 1 on the charts.<ref>{{cite web|title='Any Song' is a viral hit thanks to TikTok challenge: Rapper Zico's catchy song and dance have become a craze all around the world|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/01/23/etc/Any-Song-is-a-viral-hit-thanks-to-TikTok-challenge-Rapper-Zicos-catchy-song-and-dance-have-become-a-craze-all-around-the-world/3072996.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605081148/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/01/23/etc/Any-Song-is-a-viral-hit-thanks-to-TikTok-challenge-Rapper-Zicos-catchy-song-and-dance-have-become-a-craze-all-around-the-world/3072996.html|archive-date=5 June 2020|access-date=27 May 2020|website=koreajoongangdaily.joins.com|language=en}}</ref> The platform has received some criticism for not paying royalties to artists whose music is used on their platform.<ref name="pitchfork" />

In June 2020, TikTok users and [[K-pop]] fans "claimed to have registered potentially hundreds of thousands of tickets" for [[2020 Trump Tulsa rally|President Trump's campaign rally in Tulsa]] through communication on TikTok,<ref>{{cite web|title=TikTok Teens and K-Pop Stans Say They Sank Trump Rally|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/style/tiktok-trump-rally-tulsa.html|date=21 June 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 June 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622000614/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/style/tiktok-trump-rally-tulsa.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> contributing to "rows of empty seats"<ref>{{cite web|title=The President's Shock at the Rows of Empty Seats in Tulsa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/us/politics/trump-tulsa-rally.html|date=21 June 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 June 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621234822/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/us/politics/trump-tulsa-rally.html|archive-date=21 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at the event.

TikTok has banned [[Holocaust denial]], but other conspiracy theories have become popular on the platform, such as [[Pizzagate]] and [[QAnon]] (two conspiracy theories popular among the US [[alt-right]]) whose hashtags reached almost 80 million views and 50 million views respectively by June 2020.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Dellinger|first=A. J.|date=22 June 2020|title=Conspiracy theories are finding a hungry audience on TikTok|url=https://www.mic.com/p/conspiracy-theories-are-finding-a-hungry-audience-on-tiktok-23620372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708121051/https://www.mic.com/p/conspiracy-theories-are-finding-a-hungry-audience-on-tiktok-23620372|archive-date=8 July 2020|access-date=24 June 2020|website=Mic|language=en}}</ref> The platform has also been used to spread misinformation about the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], such as clips from ''[[Plandemic]]''.<ref name=":8" /> TikTok removed some of these videos, and has generally added links to accurate COVID-19 information on videos with tags related to the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Strapagiel|first=Lauren|date=27 May 2020|title=COVID-19 Conspiracy Theorists Have Found A New Home On TikTok|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/laurenstrapagiel/pandemic-conspiracy-theorists-disinformation-tiktok|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622011451/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/laurenstrapagiel/pandemic-conspiracy-theorists-disinformation-tiktok|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en}}</ref>

On 10 August 2020, Emily Jacobssen wrote and sang "Ode To Remy," a song praising the [[protagonist]] from the 2007 [[Pixar]] [[computer-animated film]] ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]''. The song rose to popularity when musician Daniel Mertzlufft composed a backing track to the song. In response, began creating a "crowdsourced" project called ''[[Ratatouille the Musical|Ratatouille The Musical]]''. Since Mertzlufft's video, many new elements including costume design, additional songs, and a [[Programme (booklet)|playbill]] have been created.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Felicia|date=21 November 2020|title=Presenting: The Official (Fake) Ratatouille Playbill|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/presenting-the-official-fake-ratatouille-playbill|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Playbill|language=en}}</ref> The trend has been even been noticed by [[Lou Romano]], who voiced Alfredo Linguini in the original film; [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] performer [[Kevin Chamberlin]]; and [[Disney Channel]] actor [[Milo Manheim]]. On New Year's Day 2021, a full one-hour virtual presentation of ''[[Ratatouille the Musical]]'' premiered on the [[TodayTix]]; The production featured elements created via TikTok. It starred [[Titus Burgess]] as Remy, [[Wayne Brady]] as Django, [[Adam Lambert]] as Emile, Chamberlin as Gusteau, [[Andrew Barth Feldman]] as Linguini, [[Ashley Park (actress)|Ashley Park]] as Colette, [[Priscilla Lopez]] as Mabel, [[Mary Testa]] as Skinner, and [[André De Shields]] as Ego.

{{see|TikTok food trends}}
Several food trends have emerged on the platform, such as [[Dalgona coffee]].

== Influencer marketing ==
TikTok has provided a platform for users to create content not only for fun, but also for money. As the platform has grown significantly over the past few years, it has allowed companies to advertise and rapidly reach their intended demographic through [[influencer marketing]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Dilon|first=Cell|date=2020|title=TikTok Influences on Teenagers and Young Adults Students: The Common Usages of the Application TikTok|url=https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/download/5917/2148/|website=American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences}}</ref> The platform's AI algorithm also contributes to the influencer marketing potential, as it picks out content according to the user's preference.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Haenlein|first1=Michael|last2=Anadol|first2=Ertan|last3=Farnsworth|first3=Tyler|last4=Hugo|first4=Harry|last5=Hunichen|first5=Jess|last6=Welte|first6=Diana|date=2020-10-13|title=Navigating the New Era of Influencer Marketing: How to be Successful on Instagram, TikTok, & Co.|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0008125620958166|journal=California Management Review|volume=63|pages=5–25|language=en|doi=10.1177/0008125620958166|s2cid=222347758}}</ref> Sponsored content is not as prevalent on the platform as it is on other social media apps, but brands and influencers still can make as much as they would if not more in comparison to other platforms.<ref name=":13" /> Influencers on the platform who earn money through engagement, such as likes and comments, are referred to as "meme machines".<ref name=":12" />

In 2021, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that viral TikTok videos by young people relating the emotional impact of books on them, tagged with the label "BookTok", significantly drove sales of literature. Publishers were increasingly using the platform as a venue for influencer marketing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harris|first=Elizabeth A.|date=2021-03-20|title=How Crying on TikTok Sells Books|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/20/books/booktok-tiktok-video.html|access-date=2021-03-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==User characteristics and behavior==

=== Users ===
{{See also|List of most-followed TikTok accounts}}

In the three years after it launched in September 2016, TikTok acquired 800 million active users.<ref name=":5" /> Its users include [[Zach King]], [[Loren Gray]], [[Baby Ariel]], [[Lisa and Lena]], [[Will Smith]], [[Dwayne Johnson]], [[Brent Rivera]], [[Addison Rae]], [[Jason Derulo]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Camila Cabello]], [[Lilly Singh]], [[Selena Gomez]], [[Noah Schnapp]] and [[Charli D'Amelio]], the most-followed individual on the platform.

==== Demographics ====
Globally, 44% of TikTok users are female while 56% are male.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.oberlo.com/blog/tiktok-statistics|title=10 TikTok Statistics That You Need to Know in 2019 [Infographic]|date=22 October 2019|website=Oberlo|language=en-US|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205041457/https://www.oberlo.com/blog/tiktok-statistics|archive-date=5 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok's geographical use has shown that 43% of new users are from India.<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=https://mediakix.com/blog/top-tik-tok-statistics-demographics/|title=13 TikTok Stats for Marketers: TikTok Demographics, Statistics, & Key Data|date=7 March 2019|website=Mediakix|language=en-US|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204072918/https://mediakix.com/blog/top-tik-tok-statistics-demographics/|archive-date=4 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok tends to appeal to younger users, as 41% of its users are between the ages of 16 and 24. Among these TikTok users, 90% say they use the app daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-marketing-trends-predictions-2020|title=Analyzing Tik Tok user growth and usage patterns in 2020|last=Meola|first=Andrew|website=Business Insider|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225032607/https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-marketing-trends-predictions-2020|archive-date=25 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As of July 2020, there were over 90 million monthly active users in the United States alone.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Sherman|first=Alex|date=24 August 2020|title=TikTok reveals detailed user numbers for the first time|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/24/tiktok-reveals-us-global-user-growth-numbers-for-first-time.html|access-date=14 September 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>

=== Use by businesses ===
In October 2020, the ecommerce platform [[Shopify]] added TikTok to its portfolio of social media platforms, allowing online merchants to sell their products directly to consumers on TikTok.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f11fe4a8-84ea-4f11-aa94-79fe8ed0688e |title=TikTok moves into social ecommerce with Shopify deal |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Tim |last2=Murphy |first2=Hannah |work=Financial Times |date=27 October 2020 }}</ref>

Some [[small business]]es have used TikTok to advertise and to reach an audience wider than the geographical region they would normally serve. The viral response to many small business TikTok videos has been attributed to TikTok's algorithm, which shows content that viewers at large are drawn to, but which they are unlikely to actively search for (such as videos on unconventional types of businesses, like [[beekeeping]] and [[logging]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Boring, mundane businesses have an exhilarating, viral life on TikTok |url=https://www.theverge.com/21440183/tiktok-small-local-business-landscaping-beekeeping-home-renovation |website=The Verge |date=21 September 2020 }}</ref>

In 2020, digital media companies such as [[Group Nine Media]] and [[Global Media & Entertainment|Global]] used TikTok increasingly, focusing on tactics such as brokering partnerships with TikTok influencers and developing branded content campaigns.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://digiday.com/marketing/theres-more-opportunity-publishers-on-tiktok-are-taking-branded-content-into-their-own-hands/ |title='There's more opportunity': Publishers on TikTok are taking branded content into their own hands |last1=Barber |first1=Kayleigh |last2=Joseph |first2=Seb |work=Digiday |date=23 November 2020 }}</ref> Notable collaborations between larger brands and top TikTok influencers have included [[Chipotle]]'s partnership with [[David Dobrik]] in May 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/chipotle-tiktok-strategy-includes-influencers-paid-content-guacamole-2020-4 |title=How Chipotle became one of the highest performing brands on TikTok by dominating user challenges and partnering with influencers like David Dobrik |last=Ciment |first=Shoshy |work=Business Insider |date=26 April 2020 }}</ref> and [[Dunkin' Donuts]]' partnership with [[Charli D'Amelio]] in September 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.restaurantbusinessonline.com/technology/tiktok-proves-potent-marketing-channel-some-restaurants |title=TikTok proves potent marketing channel for some restaurants |last=Guszkowski |first=Joe |work=Restaurant Business |date=4 October 2020 }}</ref>

== Country bans and attempted bans ==
{{Main|Censorship of TikTok}}

===China===
In April 2020, TikTok officially cooperated with mainland China's Internet censorship mechanism and began to prohibit the use of overseas version of Douyin in mainland China. Different from general blockade, TikTok adopted an IP lock zone, mainly for mainland China; Hong Kong and Macau were not affected. The direct consequence of the lock zone is that Chinese users cannot log in to TikTok using a [[VPN]]. Officials have also restricted the numbers of China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom. The phone numbers of the above three cannot log in to TikTok. Even so, there are a large number of cracked versions of TikTok on the Chinese Internet. The cracked version of TikTok can watch videos normally, but the phone number restriction has not been cracked and users cannot log in.

In January 2021, the Great Firewall of China’s blocking measures on TikTok were further upgraded, and the monitoring of the cracked version of TikTok was increased, and measures such as node blocking and IP blocking were adopted to interfere with the normal watching of videos by mainland users: that is, users watch normally. but ater a few videos, the video cannot be refreshed, and you need to re-enter the software before you can continue watching.

The official website www.tiktok.com of the overseas version of TikTok is currently blocked by the Great Firewall, and the Chinese language of the official website of the overseas version only provides Traditional Chinese, as officially used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, instead of Simplified Chinese.

=== India ===

TikTok was banned completely in India by the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] on 29 June 2020, along with 223 other Chinese apps,<ref name="full list" /> with a statement saying they were "prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of state and public order".<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 June 2020|title=India bans TikTok and dozens more Chinese apps|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53225720|access-date=11 August 2020|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811185240/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53225720|url-status=live}}</ref> The ban was made permanent in January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Kanishka|date=2021-01-25|title=India to impose permanent ban on 59 Chinese apps, including TikTok - Indian media|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-india-china-apps-idUSKBN29U2G6|access-date=2021-01-25}}</ref> In February 2021, TikTok announced that due to the ban it will cut more than 2000 jobs in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Business|first=Michelle Toh, CNN|title=TikTok is laying off employees in India as ban becomes permanent|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/27/tech/tiktok-india-chinese-apps-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-02-11|website=CNN}}</ref>

=== United States ===
On 6 August 2020, U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] signed [[executive order]] 13942<ref>{{Cite web|title=Executive Order on Addressing the Threat Posed by TikTok|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-addressing-threat-posed-tiktok/|access-date=2020-12-08|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-11|title=Addressing the Threat Posed by TikTok, and Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/08/11/2020-17699/addressing-the-threat-posed-by-tiktok-and-taking-additional-steps-to-address-the-national-emergency|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Federal Register}}</ref> which would ban TikTok transactions in 45 days if it is not sold by [[ByteDance]]. Trump also signed a similar order against the [[WeChat]] application owned by the Chinese multinational company [[Tencent]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Carvajal |first=Nikki |title=Trump issues executive order banning TikTok from operating in 45 days if it's not sold by Chinese parent company |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/06/politics/trump-executive-order-tiktok/index.html |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=CNN |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810020022/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/06/politics/trump-executive-order-tiktok/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":11" />

On 14 August 2020, Trump issued order DCPD-202000608<ref>{{Cite web|title=Order Regarding the Acquisition of Musical.ly by ByteDance Ltd|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/order-regarding-acquisition-musical-ly-bytedance-ltd/|access-date=2020-12-08|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=govinfo|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/DCPD-202000608/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.govinfo.gov|language=en}}</ref> giving ByteDance 90 days to sell or spin off its U.S. TikTok business.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Wendy|date=17 October 2020|title=White House Presses To Move Forward With TikTok Ban|url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/356940/white-house-presses-to-move-forward-with-tiktok-ba.html}}</ref> In the order, Trump said that there is "credible evidence" that leads him to believe that ByteDance "might take action that threatens to impair the national security of the United States."<ref>{{cite web |last1= Trump |first1= Donald J. | title= Order Regarding the acquisition of musical. Ly by Bytedance Ltd. |url= https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/EO-on-TikTok-8-14-20.pdf|access-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200815193531/https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/EO-on-TikTok-8-14-20.pdf | archive-date=15 August 2020}}</ref>

TikTok considered selling the American portion of its business, and held talks with companies including [[Microsoft]], [[Walmart]], and [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Li|first=Jane|title=TikTok's deal with Oracle and Walmart is in its own lame-duck period|url=https://qz.com/1931773/tiktok-deal-with-oracle-walmart-is-in-its-own-lame-duck-period/|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Quartz|language=en}}</ref>

On September 18, TikTok filed a lawsuit, ''[[TikTok v. Trump]]''. On 23 September 2020, TikTok filed a request for a preliminary injunction to prevent the app from being banned by the Trump administration.<ref name="tiktokinjunction">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/technology/tiktok-injunction-ban-app.html | title = TikTok Files for Injunction to Stop Ban of App | first = Mike | last= Isaac | date = 23 September 2020 | access-date= 26 September 2020 | work = [[New York Times]] }}</ref> U.S. judge [[Carl J. Nichols]] temporarily blocked the Trump administration order that would effectively ban TikTok from being downloaded in U.S. app stores starting midnight on 27 September 2020. Nichols allowed the app to remain available in the U.S. app stores, but declined to block the additional Commerce Department restrictions that could have a larger impact on TikTok's operations in the U.S. These restrictions were set to take place 12 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Judge Halts Trump's TikTok Ban, Hours Before It Was Set To Start|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/27/917452668/u-s-judge-halts-trumps-tiktok-ban-hours-before-it-was-set-to-start|access-date=28 September 2020|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref>

Three TikTok influencers filed a lawsuit, ''Marland v. Trump''.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|last=Wells|first=Georgia|date=2020-11-26|title=TikTok Stars Proved Key in Strategy to Fight U.S. Ban|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-three-tiktok-stars-beat-back-u-s-plans-to-ban-the-app-11606418513|access-date=2020-12-08|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> On October 30, Pennsylvania judge Wendy Beetlestone ruled against the [[United States Department of Commerce|Commerce Department]], blocking them from restricting TikTok.<ref name=":14" /> On November 12, the Commerce Department stated that it would obey the Pennsylvania ruling and that it would not try to enforce the restrictions against TikTok that had been scheduled for November 12.<ref name=":14" />

The Commerce Department appealed the original ruling in ''TikTok v. Trump''. On December 7, Washington D.C. district court judge [[Carl J. Nichols]] issued a preliminary [[injunction]] against the [[United States Department of Commerce|Commerce Department]], preventing them from imposing restrictions on TikTok.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wells|first=Georgia|date=2020-12-08|title=TikTok Download Ban Is Blocked by Second Judge|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-download-ban-is-blocked-by-second-judge-11607390564|access-date=2020-12-08|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Judge Halts Trump's TikTok Ban, The 2nd Court To Fully Block The Action|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/07/944039053/u-s-judge-halts-trumps-tiktok-ban-the-2nd-court-to-fully-block-the-action|access-date=2020-12-08|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peters|first=Jay|date=2020-12-07|title=Second judge says Trump can't ban TikTok|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/7/22160239/tiktok-ban-judge-trump-administration-us-commerce-department|access-date=2020-12-08|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>

=== Indonesia and Bangladesh ===

TikTok has been intermittently blocked in countries including [[Indonesia]] and [[Bangladesh]] on different bases.<ref name="2018-07-05-dw">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/indonesia-blocks-pornographic-tik-tok-app/a-44537230|title=Indonesia blocks 'pornographic' Tik Tok app |date =7 May 2018|website=DW.COM|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090524/https://www.dw.com/en/indonesia-blocks-pornographic-tik-tok-app/a-44537230|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2019-02-25-dw">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-anti-porn-war-bans-blogs-and-google-books/a-47684058|title=Bangladesh 'anti-porn war' bans blogs and Google books|date= 25 February 2019 |website=DW.COM|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024928/https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-anti-porn-war-bans-blogs-and-google-books/a-47684058|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===

On 11 October 2020, [[Pakistan]] became the next country to ban the [[social media]] platform after not complying with [[Internet censorship in Pakistan|issues regarding the content on the platform]] brought up by their government.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|last=Masood|first=Salman|date=2020-10-11|title=Pakistan Bans TikTok, Citing Morals. Others Cite Politics.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/11/technology/tiktok-pakistan-ban.html|access-date=2020-11-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> TikTok representatives are currently speaking with Pakistani officials in hopes of building better relations and allowing the people of Pakistan to create on the platform.<ref name=":17" />

== Controversies ==
=== Addiction concerns ===
Some users may find it hard to stop using TikTok.<ref name="scmp">{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2146904/i-risked-my-life-please-mobile-app-tik-tok-has-hong-kong|title=Lip syncing, finger dancing – Hong Kong kids go crazy for Tik Tok|date=19 May 2018|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090454/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2146904/i-risked-my-life-please-mobile-app-tik-tok-has-hong-kong|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, an addiction-reduction feature was added to Douyin.<ref name="scmp" /> This encouraged users to take a break every 90 minutes.<ref name="scmp" /> Later in 2018, the feature was rolled out to the TikTok app. TikTok uses some top [[influencers]] such as Gabe Erwin, Alan Chikin Chow, James Henry, and Cosette Rinab to encourage viewers to stop using the app and take a break.<ref>{{cite web|title=TikTok influencers are telling people to stop using the app|url=https://www.inputmag.com/features/tiktok-tips-telling-users-log-off-get-outdoors-sleep|last=Stokel-Walker|first=Chris|website=Input|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224152400/https://www.inputmag.com/features/tiktok-tips-telling-users-log-off-get-outdoors-sleep|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Many were also concerned with users' [[attention span]]s with these videos. Users watch short 15-second clips repeatedly and studies say that this could report to a decrease in attention span. This is a concern as many of TikTok's audience are younger children, whose brains are still developing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Su|first=Xiaochen|date=8 May 2020|title=The Trouble With TikTok's Global Rise|url=https://international.thenewslens.com/article/134846|access-date=12 June 2020|website=The News Lens International Edition|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612181540/https://international.thenewslens.com/article/134846|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Content concerns ===
Many countries showed concerns regarding the content of TikTok which is thought to be obscene, immoral, vulgar and encouraging of [[pornography]]. There have been temporary blocks and warnings issued by countries including [[Indonesia]],<ref name="2018-07-05-dw" /> [[Bangladesh]],<ref name="2019-02-25-dw" /> [[India]],<ref name=":9">{{cite web|title='It Encourages Pornography': Madras High Court Asks Government to Ban Video App TikTok|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/it-encourages-pornography-madras-high-court-asks-government-to-ban-video-app-tiktok-2088337.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404062759/https://www.news18.com/news/india/it-encourages-pornography-madras-high-court-asks-government-to-ban-video-app-tiktok-2088337.html|archive-date=4 April 2019|access-date=4 April 2019|publisher=[[CNN-News18|News18]]}}</ref> and [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 July 2020|title=Pakistan warns TikTok over 'obscene, immoral' content|url=https://nation.com.pk/21-Jul-2020/pakistan-warns-tiktok-over-obscene-immoral-content|access-date=23 July 2020|website=The Nation|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723095832/https://nation.com.pk/21-Jul-2020/pakistan-warns-tiktok-over-obscene-immoral-content|archive-date=23 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan puts TikTok on 'final notice' over 'obscenity' concerns|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2020/07/200721153748436.html|access-date=23 July 2020|website=www.aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722141949/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2020/07/200721153748436.html|archive-date=22 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> over the content concerns. In 2018, Douyin was reprimanded by Chinese media watchdogs for showing "unacceptable" content, such as videos depicting adolescent pregnancies.<ref name="2018-12-19-tc">{{cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2018/12/19/tiktok-parent-bytedance-sues-chinese-news-site-that-exposed-fake-news-problem/|title=TikTok parent ByteDance sues Chinese news site that exposed fake news problem|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023655/https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/19/tiktok-parent-bytedance-sues-chinese-news-site-that-exposed-fake-news-problem/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 July 2020, [[Egypt]] sentenced five women to two years in prison over TikTok videos on charges of violating public morals. The court also imposed a fine of 300,000 [[Egyptian pound]]s (UK£14,600) on each defendant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/27/egypt-jails-women-for-two-years-over-tiktok-videos|title=Egypt jails women for two years over TikTok videos|access-date=27 July 2020|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727171211/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/27/egypt-jails-women-for-two-years-over-tiktok-videos|archive-date=27 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Concerns have been voiced regarding content relating to, and the promotion of spreading hateful words and far-right extremism, such as anti-semitism, racism and xenophobia. Some videos were shown to expressly deny the existence of the [[Holocaust]] and for its viewers to take up arms and fight in the name of white supremacy and the [[swastika]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weimann & Masri |title=Research Note: Spreading Hate on TikTok |journal=Studies in Conflict & Terrorism |date=2020-05-25 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/1057610X.2020.1780027 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1780027?casa_token=8kzlD3RmDnIAAAAA%3AIbqWwrF_0Oj6qWbfrEcTb6uSnbXeXtvA4k_7bcWK4p-aqFYCTxmgJkO_Rjr6gqsmE-VbSIfrKONFgw}}</ref> As TikTok's main audience is young children<ref>{{cite web |last1=BBC |title=TikTok 'family safety mode' gives parents some app control |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-51561050 |website=BBC News |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> and the popularity of extremist and hateful content is growing, calls for tighter restrictions on their flexible boundaries have been made. TikTok have since released tougher parental controls to filter out inappropriate content and to ensure they are protection and security.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stokel-Walker|first1=Chris|title=TikTok will make under-16s' accounts private by default to protect them from groomers|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-tightens-privacy-of-accounts-belonging-to-under-16s-2021-1?r=US&IR=T|url-status=live|access-date=2 March 2021|website=BusinessInsider}}</ref>

Slowly turning into a hub of influencer marketing, Abu Dhabi (UAE) partnered with TikTok to promote its tourism, in April 2021. Under the channel name “Visit Abu Dhabi”, the Emirate aimed to engage with influencers who would showcase only the best of it to a worldwide audience.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tcaabudhabi.ae/en/media.centre/news/the.department.of.culture.and.tourism.abu.dhabi.partners.with.tiktok.for.destination.promotion.aspx|title=The Department of Culture and Tourism - Abu Dhabi Partners with TikTok for Destination Promotion|accessdate=27 April 2021|website=Department of Culture and Tourism}}</ref> It came following the January 2021 winter campaign, initiated through a partnership between the UAE Government Media Office partnered and TikTok to promote the country’s tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://campaignme.com/the-uae-government-media-office-and-tiktok-bring-people-together-to-discover-the-uaes-hidden-gems-in-worlds-coolest-winter/|title=The UAE Government Media Office and TikTok bring people together to discover the UAE's hidden gems in World's Coolest Winter|accessdate=14 January 2021|website=Campaign Middle East}}</ref> However, on the other side, the content creators in the country remained restricted. Under article 28 of Cyber-Crime Law, the UAE prohibits every person from publishing media content that violates its public image or poses a threat to its state security and to its highest interests. Many are often arrested or face charges for posting any photos or videos that are not in accordance with the country’s image-building strategy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/expat-waiter-arrested-for-adding-fake-scream-and-gunshot-sound-to-dubai-parking-lot-tiktok-video-1.78498823|title=Expat waiter arrested for adding fake scream and gunshot sound to Dubai parking lot TikTok video|accessdate=11 April 2021|website=Gulf News}}</ref>

==== Misinformation ====
In January 2020, [[Media Matters for America]] said that TikTok hosted [[misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic]] despite a recent policy against misinformation.<ref>{{cite web |title=TikTok is hosting videos spreading misinformation about the coronavirus, despite the platform's new anti-misinformation policy |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/fake-news/tiktok-hosting-videos-spreading-misinformation-about-coronavirus-despite-platforms-new |last=Kaplan |first=Alex |date=28 January 2020 |website=[[Media Matters for America]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518132317/https://www.mediamatters.org/fake-news/tiktok-hosting-videos-spreading-misinformation-about-coronavirus-despite-platforms-new |archive-date=18 May 2020 |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> In April 2020, the government of India asked TikTok to remove users posting misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kalra |first=Aditya |date=7 April 2020|title=India asks TikTok, Facebook to remove users spreading coronavirus misinformation |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-socialmedia-idUSKBN21P2QI |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505144912/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-socialmedia-idUSKBN21P2QI|archive-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> There were also multiple conspiracy theories that the government is involved with the spread of the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |title=On TikTok, COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Flourish Amid Viral Dances|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/tiktok-conspiracy-theories-bill-gates-microchip-vaccine-996394/ |last=Dickson|first=E.J. |date=13 May 2020 |website=Rolling Stone |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527140407/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/tiktok-conspiracy-theories-bill-gates-microchip-vaccine-996394/|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As a response to this, TikTok launched a feature to report content for misinformation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our efforts towards fighting misinformation in times of COVID-19 |url=https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/our-efforts-towards-fighting-misinformation-in-times-of-coronavirus/ |date=16 August 2019 |website=Newsroom {{!}} TikTok |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529215753/https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/our-efforts-towards-fighting-misinformation-in-times-of-coronavirus |archive-date=29 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Content censorship and moderation by the platform ====
{{Main article|Minority censorship on TikTok}}

In January 2019, the Chinese government said that it would start to hold app developers like ByteDance responsible for user content shared via apps such as Douyin,<ref name="2019-01-14-metro">{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/01/14/chinese-government-start-blaming-social-apps-users-post-8341950/|title=Chinese government to start blaming social apps for what their users' post|date=14 January 2019|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090533/https://metro.co.uk/2019/01/14/chinese-government-start-blaming-social-apps-users-post-8341950/|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and listed 100 types of content that the Chinese government would censor.<ref name="2019-01-18-variety">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/china-douyin-tiktok-kuaishou-iqiyi-short-form-video-restrictions-1203110494/|title=Farewell to Concubines: China Tightens Restrictions on Short-Form Videos|first=Rebecca|last=Davis|date=18 January 2019|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302025024/https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/china-douyin-tiktok-kuaishou-iqiyi-short-form-video-restrictions-1203110494/|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that certain content unfavorable to the Chinese Communist Party has already been limited for users outside of China such as content related to the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests]] or [[Tibetan independence movement|Tibetan independence]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/15/tiktoks-beijing-roots-fuel-censorship-suspicion-it-builds-huge-us-audience/|title=TikTok's Beijing roots fuel censorship suspicion as it builds a huge U.S. audience|last1=Harwell|first1=Drew|date=15 September 2019|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190916022522/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/15/tiktoks-beijing-roots-fuel-censorship-suspicion-it-builds-huge-us-audience/?noredirect=on|archive-date=16 September 2019|last2=Romm|first2=Tony|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/25/revealed-how-tiktok-censors-videos-that-do-not-please-beijing|title=Revealed: how TikTok censors videos that do not please Beijing|last=Hern|first=Alex|date=25 September 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 October 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015127/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/25/revealed-how-tiktok-censors-videos-that-do-not-please-beijing|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok has blocked videos about [[human rights in China]], particularly those that reference [[Xinjiang internment camps]] and abuses of ethnic and religious minorities such as the [[Uyghurs]], and disabled the accounts of users who post them.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/tiktok-is-the-latest-window-into-chinas-police-state/|title=TikTok – Yes, TikTok – Is the Latest Window Into China's Police State|last=Cockerell|first=Isobel|date=25 September 2019|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002081715/https://www.wired.com/story/tiktok-is-the-latest-window-into-chinas-police-state/|archive-date=2 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/11/27/suspension-wont-silence-teen-speaks-embedding-message-xinjiang-uyghurs-tiktok-make-vid/|title='Suspension won't silence me': Teen speaks out after embedding message about Xinjiang Uyghurs in TikTok make-up vid|last1=Chan|first1=Holmes|date=27 November 2019|publisher=[[Hong Kong Free Press]]|access-date=27 November 2019|last2=Grundy|first2=Tom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127204519/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/11/27/suspension-wont-silence-teen-speaks-embedding-message-xinjiang-uyghurs-tiktok-make-vid/|archive-date=27 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Handley|first=Erin|date=28 November 2019|title=TikTok parent company complicit in censorship and Xinjiang police propaganda: report|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-28/tiktok-huawei-surveillance-censorship-in-xinjiang-china-report/11745494|url-status=live|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226141359/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-28/tiktok-huawei-surveillance-censorship-in-xinjiang-china-report/11745494|archive-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|last=Lipes|first=Joshua|date=28 July 2020|title='You Would Want Somebody to Speak up For You': TikToker Who Posted Viral Video on Uyghurs|work=Radio Free Asia|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/video-07282020180119.html|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729183529/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/video-07282020180119.html|archive-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> TikTok's policies also ban content related to a specific list of foreign leaders such as [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Donald Trump]], [[Barack Obama]], and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] because it can stir controversy and attacks on political views.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/25/revealed-how-tiktok-censors-videos-that-do-not-please-beijing |title=Revealed: how TikTok censors videos that do not please Beijing |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=25 September 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=25 September 2019 |issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015127/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/25/revealed-how-tiktok-censors-videos-that-do-not-please-beijing |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its policies also ban content critical of [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] and content considered pro-[[Kurdish nationalism|Kurdish]].<ref name=":4" /> TikTok was reported to have censored users supportive of the [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests]] in India and those who promote Hindu-Muslim unity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51262944 |title=Censorship claims emerge as TikTok gets political in India |last=Christopher |first=Nilesh |date=31 January 2020 |work=BBC News |access-date=1 February 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131192244/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51262944 |archive-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> On 27 November 2019, TikTok temporarily suspended the account of 17-year-old Afghan-American user Feroza Aziz after she posted a video, disguised as a makeup tutorial, drawing attention to the internment camps of Muslim Uyghurs in [[Xinjiang]], China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-50582101|title=TikTok apologises and reinstates banned teen|last1=Lee|first1=David|date=28 November 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=28 November 2019|last2=Tannahill|first2=Jordan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128134035/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-50582101|archive-date=28 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok later apologized and said that her account was suspended as a result of human error, and her account has since been reinstated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/teen-tik-tok-china-osama-bin-laden |title=TikTok Denies Censoring A Teen Who Criticized China's Concentration Camps – They Said They Banned Her After A Joke About Osama Bin Laden Thirst |website=BuzzFeed News |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127235554/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/teen-tik-tok-china-osama-bin-laden |archive-date=27 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2020, TikTok suspended the account of another user whose viral video called attention to human rights of the Uyghurs.<ref name=":10" />

In October 2019, TikTok removed about two dozen accounts that were responsible for posting [[Use of social media by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS propaganda]] on the app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/21/tiktok-removes-two-dozen-accounts-used-for-isis-propaganda.html|title=TikTok removes two dozen accounts used for ISIS propaganda|last=Feuer|first=William|date=22 October 2019|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022103227/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/21/tiktok-removes-two-dozen-accounts-used-for-isis-propaganda.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-states-tiktok-posts-include-beheading-videos-11571855833 |title=Islamic State's TikTok Posts Include Beheading Videos |last=Wells |first=Georgia |date=23 October 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=25 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025214023/https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-states-tiktok-posts-include-beheading-videos-11571855833 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In countries where [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT discrimination]] is the socio-political norm, TikTok moderators have blocked content that could be perceived as being positive towards LGBT people or LGBT rights, including same-sex couples holding hands, including in countries where homosexuality has never been illegal.<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/26/tiktoks-local-moderation-guidelines-ban-pro-lgbt-content |title=TikTok's local moderation guidelines ban pro-LGBT content |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=26 September 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=26 September 2019 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926144822/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/26/tiktoks-local-moderation-guidelines-ban-pro-lgbt-content |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Criddle |first=Cristina |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51474114|title=Transgender users accuse TikTok of censorship|date=12 February 2020 |work=BBC News |access-date=12 February 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213170813/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51474114 |archive-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> Former U.S. employees of TikTok reported to ''[[The Washington Post]]'' that final decisions to remove content were made by parent company employees in Beijing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/11/05/inside-tiktok-culture-clash-where-us-views-about-censorship-often-were-overridden-by-chinese-bosses/ |title=Inside TikTok: A culture clash where U.S. views about censorship often were overridden by the Chinese bosses |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |date=5 November 2019|work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=9 November 2019 |last2=Romm |first2=Tony |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110030035/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/11/05/inside-tiktok-culture-clash-where-us-views-about-censorship-often-were-overridden-by-chinese-bosses/|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In response to censorship concerns, TikTok's parent company hired [[K&L Gates]], including former U.S. Congressmen [[Bart Gordon]] and [[Jeff Denham]], to advise it on its content moderation policies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://qz.com/1729040/chinas-tiktok-taps-former-us-lawmakers-to-advise-on-content-moderation-policies/|title=TikTok wants to prove it's not a new front in China's information war|last=Li|first=Jane|date=16 October 2019|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017030721/https://qz.com/1729040/chinas-tiktok-taps-former-us-lawmakers-to-advise-on-content-moderation-policies/|archive-date=17 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/tiktok-hires-legal-experts-for-content-moderation-amid-censorship-concerns/|title=TikTok hires legal experts for content moderation amid censorship concerns|last=Lee|first=Cyrus|date=16 October 2019|publisher=[[ZDNet]]|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019181922/https://www.zdnet.com/article/tiktok-hires-legal-experts-for-content-moderation-amid-censorship-concerns/|archive-date=19 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> TikTok also hired lobbying firm Monument Advocacy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-12/tiktok-revamps-lobbying-as-washington-targets-chinese-ownership|title=TikTok Revamps Lobbying as Washington Targets Chinese Ownership|last1=Brody|first1=Ben|date=12 November 2019|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]|access-date=12 November 2019|last2=Wilson|first2=Megan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113022322/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-12/tiktok-revamps-lobbying-as-washington-targets-chinese-ownership|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2020, internal documents leaked to ''[[The Intercept]]'' revealed that moderators had been instructed to suppress posts created by users deemed "too ugly, poor, or disabled" for the platform, and to censor political speech in livestreams, punishing those who harmed "national honor" or broadcast streams about "state organs such as police" with bans from the platform.<ref name=theintercept/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/17/tiktok-tried-to-filter-out-videos-from-ugly-poor-or-disabled-users|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=TikTok 'tried to filter out videos from ugly, poor or disabled users'|first=Alex|last=Hern|date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317174644/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/17/tiktok-tried-to-filter-out-videos-from-ugly-poor-or-disabled-users|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dodds|first=Laurence|date=12 July 2020|title=Inside TikTok's dystopian Chinese censorship machine|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/07/12/inside-tiktoks-dystopian-chinese-censorship-machine/|url-status=live|access-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712114053/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/07/12/inside-tiktoks-dystopian-chinese-censorship-machine/|archive-date=12 July 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> In June 2020, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that some previously non-political TikTok users were airing pro-Beijing views for the explicit purpose of boosting subscribers and avoiding "shadow" bans.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Xiao|first=Eva|date=17 June 2020|title=TikTok Users Gush About China, Hoping to Boost Views|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-users-gush-about-china-hoping-to-boost-views-11592386203|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619062523/https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-users-gush-about-china-hoping-to-boost-views-11592386203|archive-date=19 June 2020}}</ref> In July 2020, the company announced it was pulling out of Hong Kong responding to the [[Hong Kong national security law]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Byford|first=Sam|date=7 July 2020|title=TikTok pulls out of Hong Kong due to new security law|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/7/21315637/tiktok-hong-kong-security-chinese-government-pompeo-us-ban|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707045737/https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/7/21315637/tiktok-hong-kong-security-chinese-government-pompeo-us-ban|archive-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>

In June 2020, ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that TikTok was "[[shadow banning]]" videos related to the [[Sino-Indian border dispute]] and the [[2020 China–India skirmishes]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Chandrima|date=6 June 2020|title=Does TikTok censor content that's critical of China?|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/does-tiktok-censor-content-thats-critical-of-china/articleshow/76228715.cms|url-status=live|access-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706133916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/does-tiktok-censor-content-thats-critical-of-china/articleshow/76228715.cms|archive-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

In November 2020, a former TikTok executive stated to a UK parliamentary committee that TikTok censored content critical of China and particularly content related to the [[Uyghur genocide]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shead|first=Sam|date=2020-11-05|title=TikTok invites UK lawmakers to review algorithm after being probed on China censorship concerns|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/05/tiktok-invites-uk-lawmakers-to-review-algorithm-after-china-probe.html|access-date=2020-11-07|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>

In January 2021, TikTok banned Trump content deemed to be inciting violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2021/01/11/tiktok-bans-trump-before-trump-bans-tiktok/|title=TikTok banned Trump before Trump could ban TikTok|website=Fortune|access-date=11 January 2021|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111194426/https://fortune.com/2021/01/11/tiktok-bans-trump-before-trump-bans-tiktok/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 February 2021, TikTok received a praise from Russian officials because social app's cooperation with them in deletion of "forbidden" content, mostly related to [[2021 Russian protests|protest activity in Russia.]] In particular, as media censorship agency [[Roskomnadzor]] official Evgeniy Zaitsev stated that, "we need to highlight TikTok among other social media platforms because it has office in Russia and actively cooperated with us, which cannot be said about others".<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 February 2021|title=В Роскомнадзоре похвалили TikTok за удаление постов с призывами к протестам|language=Russian|trans-title=Roskomnadzor praised the TikTok for deletion of posts with calls for protest activity|work=[[Interfax.ru]]|url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/749258|access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref> Also, the [[State Duma]] deputy [[Alexander Khinshtein]] said that TikTok new anti-fake news policies go well with the ideology of Russian content censorship law and edition of those "should be considered a very positive signal".<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 February 2021|title=Хинштейн: функция для борьбы с фейками в TikTok вписывается в идеологию принятого в РФ закона|language=Russian|trans-title=Khinstein: function to block fake content in TikTok fits well into ideology of recently adopted law in Russia|work=[[Парламентская газета]]|url=https://www.pnp.ru/social/khinshteyn-novaya-funkciyu-dlya-borby-s-feykami-v-tiktok-vpisyvaetsya-v-ideologiyu-prinyatogo-v-rossii-zakona.html|access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref>

=== User privacy concerns ===
[[Digital privacy|Privacy]] concerns have also been brought up regarding the app.<ref name="Wong2019">{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Queenie|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/tiktok-accused-of-secretly-gathering-user-data-and-sending-it-to-china/|title=TikTok accused of secretly gathering user data and sending it to China|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=2 December 2019|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506065834/https://www.cnet.com/news/tiktok-accused-of-secretly-gathering-user-data-and-sending-it-to-china/|archive-date=6 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bergman|first1=Ronen|last2=Frenkel|first2=Sheera|last3=Zhong|first3=Raymond|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/08/technology/tiktok-security-flaws.html|title=Major TikTok Security Flaws Found|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=8 January 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410180937/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/08/technology/tiktok-security-flaws.html|archive-date=10 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In its privacy policy, TikTok lists that it collects [[Usage data|usage information]], [[IP address]]es, a user's [[Mobile network operator|mobile carrier]], [[Organizationally unique identifier|unique device identifier]]s, [[Keystroke dynamics|keystroke patterns]], and [[Geographic data and information|location data]], among other data.<ref name="Mahadevan2020">{{cite web|last=Mahadevan|first=Tara C.|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2020/02/reddit-ceo-calls-tiktok-fundamentally-parasitic|title=TikTok Responds After Reddit CEO Calls It 'Fundamentally Parasitic'|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228191214/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2020/02/reddit-ceo-calls-tiktok-fundamentally-parasitic|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PrivacyPolicy">{{cite web|url=https://www.tiktok.com/legal/privacy-policy?lang=en|title=Privacy Policy (If you are a user having your usual residence in the US)|publisher=TikTok|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426000353/https://www.tiktok.com/legal/privacy-policy?lang=en|archive-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> Web developers Talal Haj Bakry and Tommy Mysk said that allowing videos and other content being shared by the app's users through [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] puts the users' data privacy at risk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Army joins Navy in banning TikTok|url=https://www.scmagazine.com/home/security-news/army-joins-navy-in-banning-tiktok/|date=3 January 2020|website=SC Media|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423121251/https://www.scmagazine.com/home/security-news/army-joins-navy-in-banning-tiktok/|archive-date=23 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2020, [[Check Point|Check Point Research]] discovered a [[Vulnerability (computing)|security flaw]] in TikTok which could have allowed hackers access to user accounts using [[SMS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/tiktok-flaws-could-have-allowed-hackers-access-to-user-accounts-through-an-sms/story-2bRiI7rtvIC9GF38h9SHhN.html|title=TikTok flaws could have allowed hackers access to user accounts through an SMS|date=8 January 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=8 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108163200/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/tiktok-flaws-could-have-allowed-hackers-access-to-user-accounts-through-an-sms/story-2bRiI7rtvIC9GF38h9SHhN.html|archive-date=8 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[Reddit]] CEO [[Steve Huffman]] criticised the app, calling it "[[spyware]]," and stating "I look at that app as so fundamentally parasitic, that it's always listening, the fingerprinting technology they use is truly terrifying, and I could not bring myself to install an app like that on my phone."<ref name="Hamilton2020">{{cite web|last=Hamilton|first=Isobel Asher|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/reddit-ceo-steve-huffman-says-tiktok-is-parasitic-2020-2|title=Reddit's CEO described TikTok as 'parasitic' and 'spyware'|date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426183949/https://www.businessinsider.com/reddit-ceo-steve-huffman-says-tiktok-is-parasitic-2020-2|archive-date=26 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Matney|first=Lucas|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/26/reddit-ceo-tiktok-is-fundamentally-parasitic/|title=Reddit CEO: TikTok is 'fundamentally parasitic'|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]|date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424201432/https://techcrunch.com/2020/02/26/reddit-ceo-tiktok-is-fundamentally-parasitic/|archive-date=24 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Responding to Huffman's comments, TikTok stated "These are baseless accusations made without a shred of evidence."<ref name=Mahadevan2020/> [[Wells Fargo]] banned the app from its devices due to privacy and security concerns.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Levitt|first=Hannah|date=11 July 2020|title=Wells Fargo Tells Workers to Remove TikTok App From Work Phones|work=Bloomberg News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-11/wells-fargo-tells-workers-to-remove-tiktok-app-from-work-phones|url-status=live|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711063344/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-11/wells-fargo-tells-workers-to-remove-tiktok-app-from-work-phones|archive-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>

In May 2020, the [[Dutch Data Protection Authority]] announced an investigation into TikTok in relation to privacy protections for children.<ref>{{cite news |last=Deutsch |first=Anthony |date=8 May 2020 |title=Dutch watchdog to investigate TikTok's use of children's data |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-dataprivacy-tiktok-idUSKBN22K1UE |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513054358/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-dataprivacy-tiktok-idUSKBN22K1UE|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bodoni |first=Stephanie |date=8 May 2020 |title=TikTok Faces Dutch Privacy Probe Over Children's Data |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-08/tiktok-faces-dutch-privacy-probe-over-safety-of-children-s-data|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513065744/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-08/tiktok-faces-dutch-privacy-probe-over-safety-of-children-s-data|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> In June 2020, the [[European Data Protection Board]] announced that it would assemble a task force to examine TikTok's user privacy and security practices.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yun Chee |first=Foo |date=10 June 2020 |title=EU watchdog sets up TikTok task force, warns on Clearview AI software |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-privacy-tiktok-clearview-idUSKBN23H2PM |url-status=live |access-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611170414/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-privacy-tiktok-clearview-idUSKBN23H2PM |archive-date=11 June 2020 }}</ref>

In August 2020, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that TikTok tracked Android user data, including [[MAC address]]es and [[IMEI]]s, with a tactic in violation of Google's policies.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Poulsen|first1=Kevin|last2=McMillan|first2=Robert|date=11 August 2020|title=TikTok Tracked User Data Using Tactic Banned by Google|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-tracked-user-data-using-tactic-banned-by-google-11597176738|url-status=live|access-date=12 August 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812015305/https://www.wsj.com/articles/tiktok-tracked-user-data-using-tactic-banned-by-google-11597176738}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brandom|first=Russell|date=11 August 2020|title=TikTok collected device identifiers for over a year in violation of Android policies|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/11/21364017/tiktok-mac-address-collected-identifier-android-violation|access-date=11 September 2020|website=[[The Verge]]|language=en}}</ref> The report sparked calls in the U.S. Senate for the [[Federal Trade Commission]] to launch an investigation.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Choi|first=Euirim|date=13 August 2020|title=Senators Ask FTC to Investigate TikTok Data Collection|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/senators-ask-ftc-to-investigate-tiktok-data-collection-11597355356|access-date=14 August 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814152243/https://www.wsj.com/articles/senators-ask-ftc-to-investigate-tiktok-data-collection-11597355356|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== US COPPA fines ====
{{See also|Children's Online Privacy Protection Act}}

On 27 February 2019, the United States [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) fined ByteDance US$5.7 million for collecting information from minors under the age of 13 in violation of the [[Children's Online Privacy Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Lieber|first=Chavie|date=28 February 2019|title=TikTok is the latest social media platform accused of abusing children's privacy – now it's paying up|url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/28/18244996/tiktok-children-privacy-data-ftc-settlement|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831085424/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/28/18244996/tiktok-children-privacy-data-ftc-settlement|archive-date=31 August 2019|access-date=1 March 2019|website=Vox}}</ref> ByteDance responded by adding a kids-only mode to TikTok which blocks the upload of videos, the building of user profiles, direct messaging, and commenting on others' videos, while still allowing the viewing and recording of content.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Dami|title=TikTok stops young users from uploading videos after FTC settlement|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18243510/tiktok-age-young-user-videos-ftc-settlement-13-childrens-privacy-law|work=The Verge|url-status=live|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228011906/https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18243510/tiktok-age-young-user-videos-ftc-settlement-13-childrens-privacy-law|archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> In May 2020, an advocacy group filed a complaint with the FTC saying that TikTok had violated the terms of the February 2019 [[consent decree]], which sparked subsequent Congressional calls for a renewed FTC investigation.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bartz|first=Diane|date=14 May 2020|title=Advocacy group says TikTok violated FTC consent decree and children's privacy rules|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tiktok-privacy-children-ftc-idUSKBN22Q0E2|url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514165854/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tiktok-privacy-children-ftc-idUSKBN22Q0E2|archive-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=14 May 2020|title=TikTok Is Still Violating U.S. Child-Privacy Law, Groups Charge|url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/tiktok-is-still-violating-u-s-child-privacy-law-groups-charge-1234606854/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527182217/https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/tiktok-is-still-violating-u-s-child-privacy-law-groups-charge-1234606854/|archive-date=27 May 2020|access-date=27 May 2020|website=Variety|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Dan|date=14 May 2020|title=Advocacy Groups Ask FTC to Reinvestigate TikTok Over Alleged COPPA Violations|url=https://www.law.com/corpcounsel/2020/05/14/advocacy-groups-ask-ftc-to-reinvestigate-tiktok-over-alleged-coppa-violations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604115713/https://www.law.com/corpcounsel/2020/05/14/advocacy-groups-ask-ftc-to-reinvestigate-tiktok-over-alleged-coppa-violations/|archive-date=4 June 2020|access-date=27 May 2020|website=Corporate Counsel|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Maggie|date=28 May 2020|title=Democrats call on FTC to investigate allegations of TikTok child privacy violations|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/499970-democrats-call-on-ftc-to-investigate-potential-tiktok-child-privacy|url-status=live|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603163346/https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/499970-democrats-call-on-ftc-to-investigate-potential-tiktok-child-privacy|archive-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> In July 2020, it was reported that the FTC and the [[United States Department of Justice]] had initiated investigations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bartz|first=Diane|date=8 July 2020|title=Exclusive: U.S. probing allegations TikTok violated children's privacy - sources|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tiktok-privacy-children-exclusive-idUSKBN248373|url-status=live|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708233112/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tiktok-privacy-children-exclusive-idUSKBN248373|archive-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>

==== UK Information Commissioner's Office investigation ====
In February 2019, the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Information Commissioner's Office]] launched an investigation of TikTok following the fine ByteDance received from the United States [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC). Speaking to a parliamentary committee, Information Commissioner [[Elizabeth Denham]] said that the investigation focuses on the issues of private data collection, the kind of videos collected and shared by children online, as well as the platform's open messaging system which allows any adult to message any child. She noted that the company was potentially violating the [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR) which requires the company to provide different services and different protections for children.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hern|first=Alex|date=2 July 2019|title=TikTok under investigation over child data use|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/02/tiktok-under-investigation-over-child-data-use|url-status=live|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708081842/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/02/tiktok-under-investigation-over-child-data-use|archive-date=8 July 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

====Italian Data Protection Authority====
On 22 January 2021, the Italian Data Protection Authority ordered the blocking of the use of the data of users whose age has not been established on the social network.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-22|title=Italy takes action against Tik Tok following girl's death|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/nation/story/2021-01-22/italy-takes-action-against-tik-tok-following-girls-death|access-date=2021-01-22|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy tells TikTok to block users after death of young girl|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/italy-tells-tiktok-block-users-after-death-young-girl|access-date=2021-01-22|website=TODAYonline}}</ref> The order was issued after the death of a 10-year-old Sicilian girl, which occurred after the execution of a challenge shared by users of the platform that involved attempting to choke the user with a belt around the neck. The block is set to remain in place until 15 February, when it will be re-evaluated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy tells TikTok to block users after death of young girl|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-tells-tiktok-to-block-users-after-death-of-young-girl-2021-1|access-date=2021-01-22|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

=== Cyberbullying ===
As with other platforms,<ref name="2018-11-16-cnetfr">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnetfrance.fr/news/les-dangers-de-tik-tok-pour-vos-enfants-et-comment-s-en-premunir-39876613.htm|title=Les dangers de Tik Tok pour vos enfants et comment s'en prémunir|website=CNET France|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024645/https://www.cnetfrance.fr/news/les-dangers-de-tik-tok-pour-vos-enfants-et-comment-s-en-premunir-39876613.htm|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> journalists in several countries have raised privacy concerns about the app, because it is popular with children and has the potential to be used by [[sexual predator]]s.<ref name="2018-11-16-cnetfr" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wnct.com/news/national/tik-tok-app-raises-concerns-for-young-users/1461767694|title=Tik Tok app raises concerns for young users|last=WSPA|date=20 September 2018|website=WNCT|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301164646/https://www.wnct.com/news/national/tik-tok-app-raises-concerns-for-young-users/1461767694|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2147993/tik-tok-worlds-most-popular-iphone-app-under-fire-over-lack|title=Tik Tok, currently the world's most popular iPhone app, under fire over lack of privacy settings – Tech News – The Star Online|first=Karen|last=Zhang|website=scmp.com|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303082457/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2147993/tik-tok-worlds-most-popular-iphone-app-under-fire-over-lack|archive-date=3 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/j5zbmx/tiktok-the-app-super-popular-with-kids-has-a-nudes-problem|title=TikTok, the App Super Popular With Kids, Has a Nudes Problem|first1=Jason|last1=Koebler|first2=Joseph|last2=Cox|date=6 December 2018|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228232537/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/j5zbmx/tiktok-the-app-super-popular-with-kids-has-a-nudes-problem|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Several users have reported endemic [[cyberbullying]] on TikTok,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/krishrach/tik-tok-users-bullying-abuse-complaints|title=TikTok Creators Say They Are Being Bullied And The Company Isn't Helping|website=BuzzFeed News|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024539/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/krishrach/tik-tok-users-bullying-abuse-complaints|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jan/06/clock-is-ticking-experts-urge-caution-as-popularity-of-tiktok-surges-1921096.html|title=Clock is ticking: Experts urge caution as popularity of TikTok surges|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090558/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jan/06/clock-is-ticking-experts-urge-caution-as-popularity-of-tiktok-surges-1921096.html|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> including racism<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/98559/what-is-tiktok-and-is-it-safe|title=What is TikTok and is it safe?|website=The Week UK|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024726/https://www.theweek.co.uk/98559/what-is-tiktok-and-is-it-safe|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[ableism]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Drayton |first1=Tiffanie |title=Mom of child with autism pleads with TikTok to remove 'Autism Challenge' videos |url=https://www.dailydot.com/irl/tiktok-autism-challenge/ |website=The Daily Dot |access-date=21 September 2020 |date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Moss |first1=Haley |title=As an autistic person, the offensive #AutismChallenge TikTok trend reinforced my decision to stay away from the app |url=https://www.insider.com/autismchallenge-tiktok-trend-will-keep-me-away-from-app-2020-5 |website=Insider |access-date=21 September 2020 |date=15 May 2020 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200519023445/https://www.insider.com/autismchallenge-tiktok-trend-will-keep-me-away-from-app-2020-5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Olivia |title=The Latest TikTok Trend Is Bringing Out The Worst In People |url=https://gritdaily.com/the-latest-tiktok-trend-new-teacher-challenge/ |website=Grit Daily |access-date=21 September 2020 |date=27 August 2020}}</ref> In December 2019, following a report by German digital rights group [[Netzpolitik.org]], TikTok admitted that it had suppressed videos by disabled users as well as LGBTQ+ users in a purported effort to limit cyberbullying.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6250923/tiktok-policy-suppressing-persons-lgbtq-disabilities/|title=TikTok admits to suppressing videos from some persons with disabilities, LGBTQ2 community|last=Lao|first=David|date=3 December 2019|publisher=[[Global News]]|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004235/https://globalnews.ca/news/6250923/tiktok-policy-suppressing-persons-lgbtq-disabilities/|archive-date=6 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theintercept">{{Cite news|last1=Biddle|first1=Sam|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/tiktok-app-moderators-users-discrimination/|title=Invisible Censorship – TikTok Told Moderators to Suppress Posts by "Ugly" People and the Poor to Attract New Users|date=16 March 2020|work=[[The Intercept]]|access-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live|last2=Ribeiro|first2=Paulo Victor|last3=Dias|first3=Tatiana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317011112/https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/tiktok-app-moderators-users-discrimination/|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> TikTok's moderators were also told to suppress users with "abnormal body shape", "ugly facial looks", "too many wrinkles", or in "slums, rural fields" and "dilapidated housing" to prevent bullying.<ref name="Biddle">{{cite web|title=Invisible Censorship: TikTok Told Moderators to Suppress Posts by "Ugly" People and the Poor to Attract New Users|url=https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/tiktok-app-moderators-users-discrimination/|last1=Biddle|first1=Sam|last2=Ribeiro|first2=Paulo Victor|date=16 March 2020|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|last3=Dias|first3=Tatiana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317011112/https://theintercept.com/2020/03/16/tiktok-app-moderators-users-discrimination/|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Microtransactions===
Tiktok has received criticism for enabling children to spend large sums of money purchasing coins to send to other users.<ref>https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/girl-11-blows-mums-3500-19122959</ref>

== Legal issues ==
===Tencent lawsuits===
[[Tencent]]'s [[WeChat]] platform has been accused of blocking Douyin's videos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://asiatimes.com/article/tencent-and-toutiao-come-out-swinging-at-each-other/|title=Tencent and Toutiao come out swinging at each other|access-date=11 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/tencent-sues-toutiao-alleged-defamation-demands-1-yuan-and-apology|title=Tencent sues Toutiao for alleged defamation, demands 1 yuan and apology|work=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|TODAYonline]]|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133612/https://www.todayonline.com/world/tencent-sues-toutiao-alleged-defamation-demands-1-yuan-and-apology|archive-date=11 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, Douyin sued Tencent and accused it of spreading false and damaging information on its WeChat platform, demanding [[CNY|CN¥]]1 million in compensation and an apology. In June 2018, Tencent filed a lawsuit against [[Toutiao]] and Douyin in a Beijing court, alleging they had repeatedly defamed Tencent with negative news and damaged its reputation, seeking a nominal sum of CN¥1 in compensation and a public apology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tencent-toutiao-lawsuit/tencent-sues-toutiao-for-alleged-defamation-demands-1-yuan-and-apology-idUSKCN1IX4MB|title=Tencent sues Toutiao for alleged defamation, demands 1 yuan and apology|last=Jiang|first=Sijia|publisher=Reuters|date=1 June 2018|access-date=11 October 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133631/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tencent-toutiao-lawsuit/tencent-sues-toutiao-for-alleged-defamation-demands-1-yuan-and-apology-idUSKCN1IX4MB|archive-date=11 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, Toutiao filed a complaint the following day against Tencent for allegedly [[unfair competition]] and asking for CN¥90 million in economic losses.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yijun|first=Yin|date=June 4, 2018|title=Tencent and ByteDance Take Ongoing Feud to Court|work=[[Sixth Tone]]|url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1002406/tencent-and-bytedance-take-ongoing-feud-to-court|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref>

=== Data transfer class action lawsuit ===
In November 2019, a [[class action]] lawsuit was filed in California that alleged that TikTok transferred personally identifiable information of U.S. persons to servers located in China owned by Tencent and [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50640110 |title=TikTok sent user data to China, US lawsuit claims |date=3 December 2019 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205021729/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50640110|archive-date=5 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/california-class-action-lawsuit-accuses-tiktok-of-illegally-harvesting-data-and-sending-it-to-china |title=California Class-Action Lawsuit Accuses TikTok of Illegally Harvesting Data and Sending It to China |last=Montgomery |first=Blake |date=2 December 2019 |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203142027/https://www.thedailybeast.com/california-class-action-lawsuit-accuses-tiktok-of-illegally-harvesting-data-and-sending-it-to-china |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/f/614859/tiktok-lawsuit-privacy-china-cfius-investigation-global-internet/ |title=TikTok's second lawsuit in a week brings a US ban a shade closer |last=Chen |first=Angela |date=5 December 2019 |work=[[MIT Technology Review]] |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023725/https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/05/75079/tiktok-lawsuit-privacy-china-cfius-investigation-global-internet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The lawsuit also accused ByteDance, TikTok's parent company, of taking user content without their permission. The plaintiff of the lawsuit, college student Misty Hong, downloaded the app but said she never created an account. She realized a few months later that TikTok has created an account for her using her information (such as biometric) and made a summary of her information. The lawsuit also alleged that information was sent to Chinese tech giant [[Baidu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gdpr.report/news/2019/12/04/privacy-tiktok-found-secretly-transferring-user-data-to-china/ |title=#Privacy: TikTok found secretly transferring user data to China |first=Meera |last=Narendra |date=4 December 2019 |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023718/https://gdpr.report/news/2019/12/04/privacy-tiktok-found-secretly-transferring-user-data-to-china/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2020, twenty lawsuits against TikTok were merged into a single class action lawsuit in the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=4 August 2020|title=Class-Action Lawsuit Claims TikTok Steals Kids' Data And Sends It To China|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/08/04/898836158/class-action-lawsuit-claims-tiktok-steals-kids-data-and-sends-it-to-china|url-status=live|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023655/https://www.npr.org/2020/08/04/898836158/class-action-lawsuit-claims-tiktok-steals-kids-data-and-sends-it-to-china}}</ref> In February 2021, TikTok agreed to pay $92 million to settle the class action lawsuit.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allyn|first=Bobby|date=February 25, 2021|title=TikTok To Pay $92 Million To Settle Class-Action Suit Over 'Theft' Of Personal Data|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971460327/tiktok-to-pay-92-million-to-settle-class-action-suit-over-theft-of-personal-data|access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Likee]]
* [[List of most-liked TikTok videos]]
* [[List of most-followed TikTok accounts]]
* [[Timeline of social media]]
* [[Triller (app)|Triller]]
* [[Byte (app)|Byte]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.tiktok.com/en/ Official website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.bytedance.com/en/ ByteDance official website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.douyin.com/ Douyin] {{in lang|zh}}

{{Online social networking}}
{{Most popular social media accounts}}

[[Category:TikTok| ]]
[[Category:2016 software]]
[[Category:2010s fads and trends]]
[[Category:2020s fads and trends]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:ByteDance]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Freeware]]
[[Category:Internet culture]]
[[Category:IOS software]]
[[Category:Mobile applications]]
[[Category:Music software]]
[[Category:Social networking services]]
[[Category:Video hosting]]
[[Category:Video software]]
[[Category:Youth culture]]
[[Category:Delisted applications]]
[[Category:Social media companies]]

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-08T02:40:50Z

Nghhrs:

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{{Infobox person
|image=Rahul_Megh_Arya.jpg
|image_caption=Rahul Megh Arya
|nickname=Rahul
|native_name_lang=Hindi
|birth_name=Rahul
|birth_place=[[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]
|birth_date=1997/06/17
|nationality=Indian
|citizenship=India
|height=5.3 feet
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2015
|known_for=Rahul Megh Arya
|home_town=Shahzadpur,Haryana,India
|title=
|parents=Ramesh Chand(Father) Sunita Rani ( Mother)
|website=https://facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial
|name=Rahul Megh Arya
|criminal_charge=
|partner=
|mother=Sunita Rani
|father=Ramesh Chand
}}
'''Rahul Megh Arya'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Punjab Keasri |title=Rahul Megh Arya Punjab Keasri |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-becomes-a-full-package-of-entertainment-1100359 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Punjab Keasri}}</ref> (born 17 June 1997 at [[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]). He is one of the popular Tik-Tok <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Hans India |title=Rahul Megh Arya TikTok Sensation|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-complete-package-for-your-daily-entertainment-needs-594073 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Hans India}}</ref>and Like star known for his videos and modeling at exotic locations. The actor <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=IBT |title=Tik Tok Star Rahul Megh Arya Is Gearing Up For His Bollywood Debut |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-gearing-his-bollywood-debut-811026 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=IBT}}</ref> came to limelight with Tik-Tok and Youtube where people loved his intense, funny and romantic acting. He has a huge fan following <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Daily Hunt |title=Rahul Megh Arya News|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/tiktok+sensation+rahul+megh+arya+is+the+complete+package+for+your+daily+entertainment+needs-newsid-156511510 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref> from across the world. The actor has gained huge popularity in a short period of time and holds great future ahead in the industry.

==Career==
Rahul Megh Arya <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Asian Age |title=Tiktok star Rahul Megh Arya is entertaining netizens in his own style |url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/040120/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-entertaining-netizens-in-his-own-style.html |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Asian Age}}</ref>is an actor, model and Director. He is primarily known for his amazing Tik-Tok videos. The actor has thousands of followers on Instagram. He is one of the most loving online model and actor who rose to fame with Tik-Tok and YouTube <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Cine talker |title=TikTok star Rahul Megh Arya is the ‘dream man’ of every girl!! |url=https://www.cinetalkers.com/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-dream-man-of-every-girl/ |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Cine talker}}</ref>.

==External Links==
[https://instagram.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Instagram]]

[https://www.facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Facebook]]

[https://www.tiktok.com/@rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[TikTok App]]
 

==References==
<references />

Panchkula

2021-05-08T02:27:13Z

Nghhrs: Panchkula

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{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Panchkula district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panchkula
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Yagya Shala, within the Mansa Devi temple complex, Panchkula near Chandigarh.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Yagya Shala, within the [[Mata Mansa Devi Mandir|Mansa Devi temple complex]] in Panchkula
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname = Chandigarh Tricity
| motto =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.74|76.80|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = [http://mcpkl.ulbhry.org/ Municipal Corporation Panchkula]
| leader_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Upinder Kaur Ahluwalia]]<ref name="Saini 2013">{{cite web | last=Saini | first=Manveer | title=Upinder Walia is 1st mayor of Panchkula MC | website=The Times of India | date=5 July 2013 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Upinder-Walia-is-1st-mayor-of-Panchkula-MC/articleshow/20920987.cms | access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web | title=Ahluwalia is Panchkula’s first woman Mayor | website=Indian Express | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ahluwalia-is-panchkulas-first-woman-mayor/1137897/ | access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_ha =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_ha =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_ha =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 = 32.6
| area_blank1_ha =
| area_blank2_title = 
| area_blank2_km2 = 
| area_blank2_ha =
| area_note =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 365
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=57862|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population = 211,355
| population_note = 2011 Census
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 134 109 - 134 116
| area_code = +91-172-XXX-XXXX
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| registration_plate = HR-03
| website = {{URL|https://panchkula.nic.in}}
{{URL|https://mcpanchkula.org}}
| footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Indian English|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Panchkula''' is a [[planned city]] and district headquarter in the [[Panchkula district]], part of [[Ambala division]] in [[Haryana]], [[India]]. The origin of the name Panchkula came from the place where five irrigation canals meet. It forms a part of an adjoining area to the Chandigarh, Mohali and Zirakpur. It is approximately 4 km (2.4 miles) southeast of Chandigarh, 105 km (65 miles) southwest of [[Shimla]], 44 km (27 miles) from [[Ambala]] and 259 km (162 miles) northeast of [[New Delhi]], the national capital. It is a part of the [[Chandigarh capital region]] or Greater Chandigarh. The [[Chandigarh]]-[[Mohali]]-Panchkula metropolitan region collectively forms a [[Chandigarh Tricity]], with a combined population of over 2 million.

The city hosts the [[Chandimandir Cantonment]], the headquarters of the [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]] of the [[Indian Army]]. In 2011, Panchkula city had a population of 211,355 of which male and female were 111,731 and 99,624 respectively. It is a planned city like [[Chandigarh]], with a sector system.

==Etymology==
The word is derived from the local word ''panch'' ({{lang-sa|पंच}}) (''five'') and ''kula'' ({{lang-sa|कुला}}) (''canals'') "The city of 5 canals", possibly referring to five irrigation canals that distribute water from the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]].<ref name="HR-review">{{Cite web|title=Haryana Review 2013, page 30|url=http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/HR-Review-January-2013.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508155230/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/HR-Review-January-2013.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2016|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref>

==History==
The city is named after Panchkula village that is situated on the Ambala Kalka highway, near the junction with the Chandigarh road. The city was planned and developed by the state of Haryana in the 1970s. Panchkula was supposed to be the capital.

===Ramgarh Fort===
{{anchor | Ramgarh Fort }}
The fort was built by the [[Rajput]] rulers of [[Kahlur|Kahlur State]], headquarter of which was [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]] in Himachal Pradesh. King of Bilaspur built the Ramgarh Fort 360 years ago.<ref name=harsamvad1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/Haryana%20Samvad%20October%202018.pdf Haryana Samvad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129225259/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/Haryana%20Samvad%20October%202018.pdf |date=29 November 2018 }}, Oct 2018, p38-40.</ref> In 1687, its rulers offered [[Guru Gobind Singh]] a horse, a sword and Rs 500000 when he was relocating his troops from [[Paonta Sahib]] to [[Anandpur Sahib]] after the [[Battle of Bhangani]]. In the 1750s, it fell to eventually a fief to [[Sirmur State]], but became independent in 1804. It is currently occupied by the progeny of Kalee Chand, younger son of King of Bilaspur Sangar Chand (r. 1197-1220), and run as a heritage hotel.

===Sikh sites===
'''[[Nada Sahib]]''' (named after Nada Shah who was a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh, 2 km south east of Panchkula), '''Lakhnaur Sahib''' (native place of [[Mata Gujri]] mother of [[Guru Gobind Singh]], has a [[charpai]] belonging to Guru Gobind Singh, 6 kilometres south of Ambala), '''Panjokhra Sahib''' (visited by the 8th guru of Sikhs [[Guru Har Krishan]], 8 km east of Ambala) and '''Haryoli''' (temple of [[Rishis]] [[Markandeya]] hold an annual fair in September–October where he meditated to lord Shiva at the age of 12, located 15 km to southeast of [[Ambala Cantonment]]) are the popular ancient religious sites.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazetteer], Revenue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref>

==Geography and climate==

Panchkula district has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate having, hot summers, cool winters, good monsoon rainfall. It has great variation in temperature (-1 °C to 43 °C). Sometimes winter frost occurs during December and January. The district also receives winter rains from the western disturbance. The rainfall is mostly received in the monsoon. [[Morni]] hills constitute the highest point of the district as well as of Haryana. The [[Ghaggar]] is the only perennial river, which is very shallow outside of the monsoons. The mountains and hills of [[Kasauli]] are clearly visible from Panchkula.

Generally, the slope of the district is from north east to south west and in this direction, most of the rivers/streams rain-fed torrents flow down and spread much gravel and pebbles in their beds. Only the Sirsa river, in [[Kalka]] Tehsil flows towards the north-west. The soils in the district are mainly light [[loam]].

The underground water in the district is generally fresh and suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes. The underground water level is generally high in the southern parts and low in north and north-east which is hilly tract. The district lies in the [[Himalayas]] boundary fault zones and earthquakes of moderate to high intensity have occurred in the past.

===Average temperature===
*Spring: It lasts from February-end to early-April. Temperatures vary between (max) 13 °C to 20 °C and (min) 5 °C to 12 °C.
*Autumn: In autumn (from September-end to mid-November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 10° to 22° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 6 °C.
*Summer: The temperature in summer (from mid-April to June-end) may rise even above 40 °C. Temperatures generally remain between 30 °C to 39 °C (94 – 101F).
*Monsoon: During monsoon (from early-July to mid-September), Panchkula receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain-bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from the south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. The maximum amount of rain received by the city of Panchkula during monsoon season is 195.5  mm in a single day.
*Winter: Winters (November-end to February-end) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Panchkula. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 5 °C to 14 °C and (min) -1 °C to 5 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3  days with sometimes hail-storms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c00526.htm|title=World Weather Information Service - Chandigarh|work=wmo.int}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Panchkula<ref name=census/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|91.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FFFF00|5.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|2.30}}
{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|1.40}}
}}{{unreliable source?|date=September 2020}}
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the people of the city are mainly [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]], with substantial [[Sikh]] and [[Muslim]] minorities.<ref name=census>http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/29-panchkula.html</ref> Despite being a part of the Hindi-speaking [[Haryana]], a plurality of the city's population speaks [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as a first language.<ref>The total population of Panchkula as of 2020 is 6.27 lakhs {{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Badal-wants-back-Punjabi-speaking-areas-of-Haryana-from-new-BJP-govt/articleshow/44949956.cms|title=Badal wants back Punjabi speaking areas of Haryana from new BJP govt - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2021-05-08}}</ref>

In 2011, Panchkula had 48,772 households in the city, with a population of 211,355, of which male and female were 111,731 and 99,624 respectively.<ref name=":0" />

== Government and politics ==
[[File:Panchkula sector 17.jpg|thumb|A street in Sector 17]]The city is a part of the [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala Lok Sabha]] constituency represented by BJP's [[Rattan Lal Kataria]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Standard|first=Business|title=Ambala Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Ambala Election Result 2019 {{!}} Ambala Winning MP & Party {{!}} Ambala Lok Sabha Seat|url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/haryana/ambala-sc-election-results-22_1244.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref> and [[Panchkula (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panchkula state assembly]] constituency, represented by BJP's [[Gian Chand Gupta]] since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Haryana Vidhan Sabha Speaker Gian Chand Gupta tests positive for coronavirus|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryana-vidhan-sabha-speaker-gian-chand-gupta-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-130683|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

=== City administration ===
Panchkula municipality is governed under [http://www.bareactslive.com/HRY/hl402.htm the Haryana Municipal Act, 1973]. According to the 2011 Census, Panchkula is governed by a municipal council,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Census of India Haryana Town Amenities (Excel Row 5)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB.html|access-date=15 September 2020|website=Census of India Website}}</ref> but it has since upgraded to the status of a municipal corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Corporation, Panchkula {{!}} District Administration Panchkula, Government of Haryana, India {{!}} India|url=https://panchkula.nic.in/hi/public-utility/municipal-corporation-panchkula/|access-date=2020-09-15|language=hi-IN}}</ref> The population of the municipality, as per Census 2011, is 210,175.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census India PR Cities 1 Lakh and Above|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf}}</ref>

Since 2017, Mr Rajesh Jogpal ([[Haryana Public Service Commission|HCS]]) headed the corporation as its municipal commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-29|title=Municipal Corporation, Panchkula|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129213651/http://www.mcpanchkula.org/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> In December, 2019, he was transferred and replaced by [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Sumedha Kataria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-30|title=Panchkula MC commissioner Rajesh Jogpal transferred|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/panchkula-mc-commissioner-rajesh-jogpal-transferred-6190787/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The first woman Mayor of Panchkula was Upinder Kaur Alhuwalia, who served the term from 2013-18.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-04|title=Upinder Walia is new mayor of Panchkula MC|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/upinder-walia-is-new-mayor-of-panchkula-mc/story-uE6VWYz1QzHrIEweyI1bKN.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahluwalia is Panchkula's first woman Mayor - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ahluwalia-is-panchkula-s-first-woman-mayor/1137897/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> In 2018, the state decided to hold direct elections for the post,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Leaders welcome direct election for Mayor|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/leaders-welcome-direct-election-for-mayor-650585|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> and as of August 2020, they are yet to be held.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aug 20|first=Arvind Bishnoi / TNN /|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=13:43|title=Panchkula councillors spring to action with polls around the corner {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/panchkula-councillors-spring-to-action-with-polls-around-the-corner/articleshow/77651232.cms|access-date=2020-09-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2020, the Panchkula Municipal Corporation was bifurcated, with [[Kalka]] and [[Pinjore]] separating from the corporation and getting their own municipal council status.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-07|title=Panchkula civic body bifurcated, Kalka to have its own council|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/panchkula-civic-body-bifurcated-kalka-to-have-its-own-council-6493715/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The city is divided into 20 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] for the purpose of administration,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Stage set for civic polls in Panchkula|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/stage-set-for-civic-polls-in-panchkula6579301/|access-date=2020-09-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Seven wards of Panchkula MC reserved for women|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/seven-wards-of-panchkula-mc-reserved-for-women-138581|access-date=2021-05-08|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> and is built over an area of 32.6 square km.<ref name=":0" />

=== Civic utilities ===
Water supply and sewerage in Panchkula is maintained by [[Haryana Shahari Vikas Pradhikaran|Haryana Urban Development Authority]] (HUDA), the Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED) of the state, as well as the municipal corporation at the local level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Supply Status {{!}} Public Health Engineering Department, Haryana, India|url=https://phedharyana.gov.in/WSStatus|access-date=2021-05-08|website=phedharyana.gov.in}}</ref> As of 2008, 80 MLD of water is supplied to Panchkula city, and it is treated by chlorination.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-11-04|title=Central Pollution Control Board|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104041100/http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_153_Foreword.pdf|access-date=2021-05-08|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

Panchkula also produces 115 MT (metric tons or 1000 kgs) of waste per day, out of which only about 40 MT is processed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-21|title=Solid Waste Management Practices in Urban India - National Institute of Urban Affairs Report|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021125101/https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|access-date=2021-05-08|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> As per the [[National Institute of Urban Affairs]] (NIUA) report, 100% door to door collection has been ensured in all wards through waste pickers.<ref name=":1" /> Jhariwala village has a sanitary landfill for the waste, where unsegregated waste is dumped. The city also has a community composting facility, material recovery facility and biogas plant.<ref name=":1" /> As of 2008, the city generated 64 MLD of sewage and had three [[Sewage treatment|sewage treatment plants]] (STPs) that were functional with a capacity of 18, 39 and 15 MLD respectively.<ref name=":2" />

Panchkula city has an [https://tcpharyana.gov.in/Development_Plan/ColouredCopy/INTERIM_MASTER_PLAN_Panchkula.pdf interim master plan] that has been published by the Town and Country Planning department of Haryana state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana|url=https://tcpharyana.gov.in/DevelopmentPlan.htm|access-date=2021-05-08|website=tcpharyana.gov.in}}</ref>

== Economy ==

=== Employment ===

Panchkula IT Park (also known as Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructural Development Corporation Technology Park) is the state of art infrastructure to facilitate information technology in the city. It spreads over 74 acres developed by HSIIDC situated in sector 22 on foothills of [[Shivalik Hills]] or outer [[Himalayas]] and on the banks of [[Ghaggar River]]. It is well connected to Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

=== Tourism ===
There are various tourist attractions in and around Panchkula including:
[[Image:A temple in Mansa Devi temple complex, Panchkula near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|Patiala temple, constructed 1840 AD by [[Maharaja of Patiala]], within the [[Mata Mansa Devi Mandir|Mansa Devi temple complex]] in Panchkula]]

*[[Mata Mansa Devi Mandir]] is one of the most prominent temples in North India and is dedicated to Goddess [[Mansa Devi]], a form of [[Shakti]].
*[[Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum]] nicknamed Khajuraho of North India for its erotic sculptures, comprises the restored ruins of an ancient Hindu temple dating from between 8th and 11th century AD.
*[[Nada Sahib]] is a Sikh Gurudwara in the Panchkula district of the Indian state of Haryana. Situated on the banks of the Ghaggar-Hakra River in the Sivalik Hills.
*[[Morni]], the hill resort at Morni Hills, an offshoot of the [[Sivalik Hills]], are about {{convert|45|km|mi}} from the city. The hills were named for Queen Morni, who is said to have ruled this city.
*[[Pinjore Gardens]], also known as Yadavindra Gardens, are about {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} from the city, and cover a total area of {{convert|100|ha}}. The work of creating the gardens began in the seventeenth century. Pinjore Gardens is the venue for an annual mango festival. The garden houses a mini zoo, historic places, Japanese garden, nursery and a number of picnic spots. According to Hindu theology, the [[Pandava]] brothers rested in Pinjore during their exile.
*[[National Cactus and Succulent Botanical Garden and Research Centre]] a {{convert|7|acre|abbr=on}} cactus garden in the center of Panchkula, was established in 1987, and is known for its rare and endangered species of Indian [[succulent plant]]s.
*[[Kaushalya Dam]] is an earth-filled barrage dam on [[Kaushalya river]] in Pinjore. It is an important wetland that is home to many endangered migratory birds.[[File:Kaushalya-Dam.jpg|thumb|Kaushalya Dam]]
*[[Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Pheasant Breeding Centre, Morni]], [[Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore]], [[Pheasant Breeding Centre, Berwala]].

== Sports ==
Panchkula has its own Sports Complex in Sector 3 includes [[Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium]], Panchkula Golf Course, Olympic Athletic Track and other multi-purpose facilities for sports.

[[Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium]] has a cricket stadium, badminton hall, football ground, athletic Track and accommodation facilities for the sportsperson.

Panchkula Golf Course was set up in 2003 over a 135-acres of land. This 18 hole golf course is located in sector 3 in the foothills of [[Shivalik Hills]] on the banks of [[Ghaggar River]], just off the [[Himalayan Expressway]].

==Education==

=== Colleges ===
*Government College, Sector 1
*Government College for Girls, Sector 14
*Mother Teresa Saket College of Physiotherapy, Chandimandir Cantonment
*[[National Institute of Fashion Technology]], Sector 26

=== CBSE affiliated school ===
* Army Public School, Chandimandir Cantonment
* Bhawan Vidyalaya, Sector 15
* Blue Bird, Sector 16
* CL DAV, Sector 11
* DAV Public School, Sector 8
* DC Model Senior Secondary School, Sector 7
* Doon Public School, Sector 21
* [https://www.hallmarkpublicschool.com/ Hallmark Public School, Sector 15]
* Hansraj Public School, Sector 6
* Haryana Model School, Sector 10
* Holy Child School, Morni Road
* Jainendra Public School, Sector 1
* Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1 (KV1), Chandimandir Cantonment
* Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 (KV2), Chandimandir Cantonment
* Manav Mangal School, Sector 11
* New India Smart School, Sector 15
* St. Soldier Divine Public School, Sector 16
* Satluj Public School, Sector 4
* Shishu Niketan, MDC, Sector 5
* [[The British School Panchkula]], Sector 8
* The Gurukul, Sector 20
* The Sky World School, Sector 21

=== CISCE affiliated schools ===
* Little Flower Convent School, Sector 14
* St. Xavier's High School, Sector 20
* Saupin's School, Sector 9

==Healthcare==
=== Government run hospitals ===
* Command Hospital, Chandimandir Cantonment
* General Hospital, Sector 6
* Government Pet Animal Medical Center Cum Teaching Hospital, Sector 3
* Government dispensaries in some sectors
* Saket Orthopedic Hospital, Sector 1.

=== Private hospitals ===
* Alchemist Hospital, Sector 21
* Alchemist Eye Institute, Sector 21
* Blessings Hospital, Sector 15
* Chakravarty Nursing Home, Sector 10
* Clove Dental, Sector 20
* Dhawan Hospital, Sector 7
* Drishti Eye Hospital, Sector 10
* Gokul Surgical Hospital, Sector 15
* Happy Family Hospital, Sector 5 MDC
* Institute of Reproduction & Child Cares, Sector 17
* Ivy Hospital, Sector 5C MDC
* Jindal Nursing Home, Sector 17
* Kare Partners Mother And Child Hospital, Sector 2
* Malhotra Super Specialty Hospital, Sector 25
* Mind Peace Clinic Sector 14
* Mirchia Hospital Sector 15
* Noheria Nursing Home, Sector 8
* Ojas Hospital, Sector 26
* Orthomax Hospital, Sector 15
* Paras Hospital, HSIIDC Park, Sector 22
* Paras Bliss Hospital Sector 5 MDC
* Phoenix Hospital, Sector 16
* Raffles Hospital Sector 14
* Sunny Hospital, Sector 4
* Wings Hospital, Sector 25

==Notable people from Panckula==

*[[Ved Prakash Malik]] - Four star general who commanded the [[Indian Army]] during the [[Kargil War]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Panchkula-City-of-Generals-gets-2-more-after-farewell-to-arms/articleshow/13696287.cms|title=Panchkula: 'City of Generals' gets 2 more after 'farewell to arms' |newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref>
*[[Ayushmann Khurrana]] - Indian actor, singer, and television host
*[[Aparshakti Khurana]] - Indian actor, radio jockey and a television host, brother of Ayushman Khurana
*[[Sargun Mehta]] - Indian actress
*[[Manan Vohra]] — Cricketer
*[[Rekha Sharma]], politician, Chairperson of the [[National Commission for Women]](NCW)
*

==See also==
* [[Ajitgarh]]
* [[Amar Ujala]]
* [[Chandigarh]]
* [[Zirakpur]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*{{Official website|http://panchkula.nic.in}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
{{Haryana}}

[[Category:Panchkula| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Panchkula district]]
[[Category:Planned cities in India]]

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-08T01:29:49Z

Nghhrs:

{{Infobox person
|image=Rahul_Megh_Arya.jpg
|image_caption=Rahul Megh Arya
|nickname=Rahul
|native_name_lang=Hindi
|birth_name=Rahul
|birth_place=[[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]
|birth_date=1997/06/17
|nationality=Indian
|citizenship=India
|height=5.3 feet
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2015
|known_for=Rahul Megh Arya
|home_town=Shahzadpur,Haryana,India
|title=
|parents=Ramesh Chand(Father) Sunita Rani ( Mother)
|website=https://facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial
|name=Rahul Megh Arya
|criminal_charge=
|partner=
|mother=Sunita Rani
|father=Ramesh Chand
}}
'''Rahul Megh Arya'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Punjab Keasri |title=Rahul Megh Arya Punjab Keasri |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-becomes-a-full-package-of-entertainment-1100359 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Punjab Keasri}}</ref> (born 17 June 1997 at [[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]). He is one of the popular Tik-Tok <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Hans India |title=Rahul Megh Arya TikTok Sensation|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-complete-package-for-your-daily-entertainment-needs-594073 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Hans India}}</ref>and Like star known for his videos and modeling at exotic locations. The actor <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=IBT |title=Tik Tok Star Rahul Megh Arya Is Gearing Up For His Bollywood Debut |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-gearing-his-bollywood-debut-811026 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=IBT}}</ref> came to limelight with Tik-Tok and Youtube where people loved his intense, funny and romantic acting. He has a huge fan following <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Daily Hunt |title=Rahul Megh Arya News|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/tiktok+sensation+rahul+megh+arya+is+the+complete+package+for+your+daily+entertainment+needs-newsid-156511510 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref> from across the world. The actor has gained huge popularity in a short period of time and holds great future ahead in the industry.

==Career==
Rahul Megh Arya <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Asian Age |title=Tiktok star Rahul Megh Arya is entertaining netizens in his own style |url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/040120/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-entertaining-netizens-in-his-own-style.html |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Asian Age}}</ref>is an actor, model and Director. He is primarily known for his amazing Tik-Tok videos. The actor has thousands of followers on Instagram. He is one of the most loving online model and actor who rose to fame with Tik-Tok and YouTube <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Cine talker |title=TikTok star Rahul Megh Arya is the ‘dream man’ of every girl!! |url=https://www.cinetalkers.com/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-dream-man-of-every-girl/ |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Cine talker}}</ref>.

==External Links==
[https://instagram.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Instagram]]

[https://www.facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Facebook]]

[https://www.tiktok.com/@rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[TikTok App]]
 

==References==
<references />

Rahul Megh Arya

2021-05-06T02:33:02Z

Nghhrs: TikTok Star Rahul Megh Arya

{{Infobox person
|image=Rahul_Megh_Arya.jpg
|image_caption=Rahul Megh Arya
|nickname=Rahul
|native_name_lang=Hindi
|birth_name=Rahul
|birth_place=[[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]
|birth_date=1997/06/17
|nationality=Indian
|citizenship=India
|height=5.3 feet
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2015
|known_for=Rahul Megh Arya
|home_town=Shahzadpur,Haryana,India
|title=
|parents=Ramesh Chand(Father) Sunita Rani ( Mother)
|website=https://facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial
|name=Rahul Megh Arya
|criminal_charge=
|partner=
|mother=Sunita Rani
|father=Ramesh Chand
}}
'''Rahul Megh Arya'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Punjab Keasri |title=Rahul Megh Arya Punjab Keasri |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/national/news/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-becomes-a-full-package-of-entertainment-1100359 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Punjab Keasri}}</ref> (born 17 June 1997 at [[Panchkula]], [[Haryana]]). He is one of the popular Tik-Tok <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Hans India |title=Rahul Megh Arya TikTok Sensation|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/tiktok-sensation-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-complete-package-for-your-daily-entertainment-needs-594073 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Hans India}}</ref>and Like star known for his videos and modeling at exotic locations. The actor <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=IBT |title=Tik Tok Star Rahul Megh Arya Is Gearing Up For His Bollywood Debut |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/tik-tok-star-rahul-megh-arya-gearing-his-bollywood-debut-811026 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=IBT}}</ref> came to limelight with Tik-Tok and Youtube where people loved his intense, funny and romantic acting. He has a huge fan following <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Daily Hunt |title=Rahul Megh Arya News|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/thehansindia-epaper-hans/tiktok+sensation+rahul+megh+arya+is+the+complete+package+for+your+daily+entertainment+needs-newsid-156511510 |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Daily Hunt}}</ref> from across the world. The actor has gained huge popularity in a short period of time and holds great future ahead in the industry.

==Career==
Rahul Megh Arya <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Asian Age |title=Tiktok star Rahul Megh Arya is entertaining netizens in his own style |url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/040120/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-entertaining-netizens-in-his-own-style.html |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Asian Age}}</ref>is an actor, model and Director. He is primarily known for his amazing Tik-Tok videos. The actor has thousands of followers on Instagram. He is one of the most loving online model and actor who rose to fame with Tik-Tok and YouTube <ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=Cine talker |title=TikTok star Rahul Megh Arya is the ‘dream man’ of every girl!! |url=https://www.cinetalkers.com/tiktok-star-rahul-megh-arya-is-the-dream-man-of-every-girl/ |accessdate=6 May 2021 |publisher=Cine talker}}</ref>.

==External Links==
[https://instagram.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Instagram]]

[https://www.facebook.com/rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[Facebook]]

[https://www.tiktok.com/@rahulmeghofficial/ Rahul Megh Arya] on [[TikTok]]
 

==References==
<references />