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Uphara

2026-05-08T17:31:54Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: made basic details first draft

{{short description|Village in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{linkrot|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = '''Uphara'''
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = 25.08819592904939, 84.6963163365494
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = In Aurangabad, Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.08820|N|84.69633|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type6 = Secretary
| subdivision_type3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|M.P.]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Mukhi]]ya
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| subdivision_name6 = Sanjeet Kumar Mishra<ref name="auto">https://egramswaraj.gov.in/viewGpProfile.do?localBodyCode=93937&stateCode=10</ref>
| subdivision_name3 = [[Raja Ram Singh Kushwaha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS0435.htm|title=Pc Result Gen June 2024}}{{dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref>

([[Karakat Lok Sabha constituency]])
| subdivision_name4 = [[Amrendra Kushwaha|Amrendra Kushwaha]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Election Commission of India | website=Home | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04219.htm | access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref>
([[Goh Assembly constituency]])
| subdivision_name5 = Chandra Bhushan Kumar <ref name="auto"/>
| unit_pref = Hectare
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2.87
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 102
| population_total = 3276
| population_as_of = (as per census 2011)
| population_demonym =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title2 = Common
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]
| postal_code = 824203
| registration_plate = BR 26
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:918 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Literacy rate]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = 65.18%
| footnotes = {{plainlist|
* Nearest major highway- [[SH 68]]
* Village code 252937 (Census of India)
}}
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Magahi]]
| website = https://aurangabad.bih.nic.in
}}
'''Uphara''' (Hindi: उपहारा) is a village located in [[Goh Assembly constituency|Goh]] Block of [[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad]] District in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. The village comes under the postal code 824203 and is governed by [[Uphara Gram Panchayat]]. It is located about 12 kilometers from Goh and about 68 kilometers from [[Aurangabad]] District.
The village falls under the jurisdiction of the [[Magadh division]]. Situated on the bank of the [[Punpun River]], [[State Highway 68 (Bihar)|SH 68]] (Sheoganj, [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]] - Baidrabad, [[Arwal]]) passes through the village.

It has adequate [[infrastructure]], including a middle school, an additional [[Primary Health Centre, India|Primary Health Centre]] (now Health Wellness Centre), and a [[Regional Rural Bank]] (Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank).
Uphara is an electrified village.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/98-8-villages-in-bihar-now-have-electricity/articleshow/59933181.cms|title=98.8% villages in Bihar now have electricity|last=Kumar|first=Madan|date=5 August 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> and possesses a water tank for its water supply.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/DataEntry/HabitationDirectory/Reports/Rep_DirectoryList.aspx?Condition=VYDH5ZM40Uo%3D&id=wRDYszJ27GU%3D&StateName=KCxfo3r40fY%3D&level=7SNb4K4dTvw%3D&sublevel=zf5afxWBEDk%3D|title=Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|date=2009|website=Ministry and Drinking Water & Sanitation, National Rural Drinking Water Programme|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref>
It shares a border between Aurangabad and [[Arwal district]]s. Buses, auto-rickshaws and e-rickshaws provide regional transportation.

==Literacy rate and population==
According to the 2011 census,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/252937-upahra-bihar.html|title=Upahra Village Population - Goh - Aurangabad, Bihar|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> Uphara's population is 3276. Out of this, 1708 are male and 1568 female. Children in the age group of 0 to 6 years make up around 17% of the total population. The sex ratio of the village is 918 females per 1,000 males, which is slightly lower than the state average, while the child sex ratio is 935, indicating a more balanced demographic among younger residents.
In village, about 12.24% of the population belongs to the [[Dalit|Scheduled Caste]] community. The village has no residents from the [[Adivasi|Scheduled Tribe]] community.

The literacy rate in Uphara stands at 65.18%, which is slightly above the Bihar state average. Male literacy is around 74.79%, whereas female literacy lags behind at 54.67%, indicating a significant gender gap in education. However, the presence of Middle School Uphara, established in 1958, has contributed positively to educational access. This government-run school offers education from classes 1 to 8 and serves nearly 880 students, with an equal representation of male and female teaching staff.

==Transport==
Nearest railway staion is [[Rafiganj]] which is 32 km from Uphara while [[Gaya Junction railway station]] railway station is 56 km and [[Anugraha Narayan Road railway station]] is 63 km far from Uphara.
;Nearby airports
* [[Patna Airport]]
* [[Gaya Airport]]

==Politics==
Uphara village falls under the [[Goh Assembly constituency]] for state legislative elections and is part of the [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)]] for parliamentary elections.

==Notable attractions and tourism==
* Devi Sthan
* [[Chhat Puja]] and [[Mela]]
* [[Dusshera]]
* [[Dipawali]] festival
* Punpun River,

==Gallery==
<gallery>

File:Petrol Pump in Uphara.jpg|Indian Oil Petrol pump on SH 68 in Upahara

File:Bhola Singh Smriti Sthal.jpg|BHOLA SINGH SMRITI STHAL on Uphara-Senari road, Uphara

</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uphara, Bihar}}
[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

Bimal Kaur

2026-05-08T10:34:33Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting post

{{Short description|Indian politician (1950–1991)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Bibi (title)|Bibi]]
| name = Bimal Kaur
| honorific_suffix = [[Khalsa]]
| image = Photograph of Bimal Kaur, wife of Beant Singh.jpg
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Ropar Lok Sabha constituency|Ropar]]
| term_start = 2 December 1989
| term_end = 13 March 1991
| predecessor = [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| successor = [[Harchand Singh]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1950|11|07}}<ref name="Magazine" />
| birth_place = Goray, [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1991|09|02|1950|11|07}}
| death_place = [[Mohali]], Punjab
| occupation = politician
| known_for =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]]|1976|1984|reason=died}}
| children = 3, including [[Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa]]
| party = [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]]
}}

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
'''Bibi Bimal Kaur''' (7 November 1950 – 2 September 1991) was an Indian politician and the wife of [[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]], one of the two assassins of [[Indira Gandhi]].

== Early and personal life ==
Bibi Bimal Kaur Khalsa was born to Sardar Gurbachan Singh into [[Ramdasia]] [[Sikh]] family at Delhi, India. She married Beant Singh on 23 January 1976 at a local gurdwara.<ref name="Magazine" />

Bibi Bimal Kaur was a nurse at [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]] when her husband assassinated Indira Gandhi.<ref name="Magazine">{{cite web |title=Bibi Bimal Kaur Khalsa |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/540dd9b6e4b05c669b06779a/t/5f509a01d777713b49ff8e15/1599117865322/Shaheed+Bibi+Bimal+Kaur+Magazine+part+1.pdf |publisher=National Sikh Youth Federation |access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> Immediately after the assassination she was apprehended by the Indian security forces, she disappeared for several days, leaving her children Amrit, Sarabjeet and Jassi at home. She was detained, interrogated, and most likely tortured for two weeks.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Assassins: On the other side of Oct 31 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-assassins-on-the-other-side-of-oct-31/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=2 November 2014 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Damdami Taksal]] paid for her children's education for two years. Bibi Bimal Kaur stayed in Delhi until 1985 when she and the family moved to Punjab with the assistance of the Damdami Taksal.<ref name="Express">{{cite news |last1=Grewal |first1=Manraj |title=In Black & White Dreams after Darkness |agency=Indian Express |date=March 9, 2003}}</ref> From there she worked with Sikh Student Federations and began to call out the injustices of the government, the false encounter issues.

Her father-in-law, Beant Singh's father [[Baba Sucha Singh|Sucha Singh Maloa]], was also elected as a member of parliament.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley |title=Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants |date=3 August 2010 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0017-1 |pages=136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqvTRUrwt2UC |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Sarbjeet Singh, her son, was nominated by the SAD (A) headed by [[Simranjit Singh Mann]] to run for parliament from the [[Bathinda]] and [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=SAD candidate starts intensive campaigning |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040228/punjab1.htm |access-date=6 June 2024 |agency=The Tribune |date=February 27, 2004}}</ref> In 2024, Sarabjeet Singh won from [[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]] by a margin of more than 70 thousand votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Punjab, Haryana Election Results Live Updates: Independent candidate Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa wins from Faridkot over AAP Karamjit Singh Anmol |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/punjab-chandigarh-haryana-himachal-uttarakhand-election-results-2024-live-updates-lok-sabha-9368851/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Imprisonment and politics ==
She contested from two Vidhan Sabha seats in the [[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], [[Chamkaur Sahib Assembly Constituency|Chamkaur Sahib]] and [[Pakka Kalan Assembly Constituency|Pakka Kalan]] as an Independent candidate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab elections: Mood of the campaign five days before the poll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19851015-punjab-elections-mood-of-the-campaign-five-days-before-the-poll-802024-2014-01-10 |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=India Today |date=October 15, 1985 |language=en}}</ref> She finished second in both the constituencies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moderate Sikhs Win In Landslide Over Gandhi Party In The Punjab. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2VAAAAAIBAJ&dq=bimal+kaur&pg=PA3 |access-date=6 June 2024 |publisher=The Vindicator |date=28 Sep 1985 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report On The General Elections to the Punjab Vidhan Sabha |url=https://ceopunjab.gov.in/DownLoadDocument?t=2255&l=En&q=election |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Punjab |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606073205/https://ceopunjab.gov.in/DownLoadDocument?t=2255&l=En&q=election |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On April 30, 1986, then Chief Minister [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] ordered troops into [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]] again to flush out the [[Kharku]]s who were residing in the gurudwara complex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Nilova |title=Sikh Shrine Attacked by Indian Troops |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/05/01/sikh-shrine-attacked-by-indian-troops/3475b7f1-fd55-467b-90f4-1b4e600a6e62/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=29 December 2023}}</ref> On June 4, 1986, she went to Darbar Sahib with 3,500 members, to mark the anniversary of the [[Operation Blue Star]] and to speak on the atrocities of the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikhs charged with Murder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7orAAAAIBAJ&dq=Bimal+Kaur&pg=PA27 |access-date=6 June 2024 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=5 Jun 1986 |language=en}}</ref> at this time Surjit Barnala essentially had his guards throughout the Gurudwara complex to ensure stop the Khalistan movement. She delivered an incendiary speech.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assassin's Widow charged with Murder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPJGAAAAIBAJ&dq=bimal+kaur&pg=PA9 |access-date=6 June 2024 |publisher=The Lewiston Journal |date=6 Jun 1986 |language=en}}</ref> The crowd cheered for [[Khalistan]] and openly threatened to kill Surjit Singh Barnala.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikhs' threat to revenge extends to Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdEyAAAAIBAJ&dq=bimal+kaur&pg=PA40 |access-date=6 June 2024 |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |date=6 Jun 1986 |language=en}}</ref> In a confrontation with his men and Sikh protesters, a guard was killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikhs at Golden Temple Kill Guard and Wound 7 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/05/world/around-the-world-sikhs-at-golden-temple-kill-guard-and-wound-7.html |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=June 5, 1986}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bimal Kaur Khalsa vs Union Of India And Ors. on 20 October, 1987 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1076942/ |website=Indian Kanoon |access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>

After her speech, she was arrested, charged for murder, and served 2 years in jail.<ref name="Express" /> In 1989 she campaigned for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Ropar Lok Sabha constituency|Ropar]], and she won a seat with a ticket from [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikh Extremists Take Seats in Punjab polls |url=https://www.afr.com/politics/sikh-extremists-take-seats-in-punjab-polls-19891130-k3pl4 |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=30 November 1989 |language=en}}</ref> She now had further leverage, and political strength, both of which made her a more serious threat to the government.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fineman |first1=Mark |title=Kin of Indira Gandhi Killer Elected : India: Voters seem finally to have lost faith in the family that has ruled the country for decades. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-11-29-mn-154-story.html |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=29 November 1989}}</ref>

== Death ==
Bimal Kaur died on 2 September 1991.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beant Singh's Wife Dead |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zH1lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1755%2C1379423 |access-date=6 June 2024 |agency=The Indian Express |date=September 3, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bimal Kaur Khalsa is dead |url=https://sikhheritageeducation.com/bimal-kaur-khalsa-is-dead-wsn-service/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=SIKH HERITAGE EDUCATION}}</ref> The police said she died from electrocution from her washing machine. Some reports that reached the press indicated that Bimal Khalsa consumed cyanide. Both these reasons are disputed by her relatives. They said that she was picked up by police and poisoned with cyanide which they claimed was a common tactic against kharkus around that time. They demanded a [[post-mortem]] which, under normal circumstances, the police was bound to conduct on request but the police refused this.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jaijee |first1=Inderjit Singh |title=Politics of Genocide: Punjab, 1984-1998 |date=1999 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0415-7 |pages=119–120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPCGAAAAMAAJ&q=Bimal+Kaur+Khalsa |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral Performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Bathinda Rural Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Bathinda Rural Assembly constituency|1985}}}}

{{transcluded section|source=Ropar Lok Sabha constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Ropar Lok Sabha constituency|General elections 1989}}}}

== In popular culture ==
A Punjabi movie named as Chardi Kalan is going to be released on 29th May 2016 based on life of Bimal Kaur Khalsa where [[Roopi Gill]] is doing her role <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-details/chardikala/movieshow/130771422.cms/|title=Synopsis|date=29 May 2026 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3308.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khalsa, Bimal Kaur}}
[[Category:Indian women nurses]]
[[Category:Indian nurses]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths by electrocution]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Women in Punjab, India politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Rupnagar district]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:20th-century nurses]]

Carrom

2026-05-05T09:53:31Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting a details

{{Short description|Indian tabletop game}}
{{Other uses|Carom (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}

{{Infobox Game
| italic title = No
| title = Carrom
| subject_name = Carrom
| image =
| image_link = Carrom.jpg
| image_caption =
| years =
| genre = [[Board game]]
| players = 2–4
| playing_time =
| random_chance =
| ages =
| skills =
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Tiibetans playing carrom in Delhi.jpg|thumb|Tibetans playing carrom in Delhi]]

'''Carrom''' is a [[tabletop game]] of [[India|Indian]] origin in which players flip or flick discs, attempting to knock them to the corners of the board, in a similar fashion to [[cue sports|billiards]]. Throughout [[South Asia]], many clubs and cafés hold regular carrom [[tournaments]]. Carrom is commonly played by families, including children, and at social gatherings. Different standards and rules exist in different areas.

==Etymology==
The word ''carrom'' probably comes from ''carom'', which means 'to strike and rebound'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of CAROM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carom |website=www.merriam-webster.com |access-date=17 June 2023 |language=en |date=6 May 2023}}</ref>

==History==
The game of carrom originated in India.<ref>History of Physical Education, p.209, SR Tiwari, APH Publishing</ref> One carrom board with its surface made of glass is still present in one of the palaces in [[Patiala, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiancarrom.com/brief-of-the-game.htm |title=All India Carrom Federation |access-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216055759/http://indiancarrom.com/brief-of-the-game.htm |archive-date=16 February 2015 }}</ref> State-level competitions were being held in the different states of India during the early part of the 20th century. Serious carrom tournaments may have begun in [[Sri Lanka]] in 1935; by 1958, both India and Sri Lanka had formed official federations of carrom clubs, sponsoring tournaments and awarding prizes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carrom.org/game/?subcat=10/ |title=Carrom.org |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201211242/http://www.carrom.org/game/?subcat=10%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[International Carrom Federation]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carrom.org/icf/ |title=International Carrom Federation |date=December 2001 |access-date=26 March 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219091839/http://www.carrom.org/icf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://icf-media.beepworld.de/ |title=International Carrom Federation – Media Commission |access-date=26 March 2014 |year=2013 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209044558/http://icf-media.beepworld.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (ICF) was formed in the year 1988 in [[Chennai]], India. The formal rules for the Indian version of the game were published in 1988. In the same year the ICF officially codified the rules. The UKCF was formed in 1991 in London. The main work of this organisation is to promote the game of Carrom throughout the UK and ensure the participation of UK players in all major international championships.The UKCF have hosted 3 Euro cups in England and have had fantastic success in the tournament with UK players. UKCF organised national championships and league tournaments throughout the UK on an annual basis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biggamehunters.co.uk/acatalog/Carrom-Federations-and-Associations-.html|title=Carrom Federations and Associations|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621114953/https://www.biggamehunters.co.uk/acatalog/Carrom-Federations-and-Associations-.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The United States Carrom Association reports on competitions in the US and Canada and has a player ranking list as of the last tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscarrom.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020610025606/http://www.uscarrom.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 June 2002 |title=United States Carrom Association |year=2013 |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref>

A group of Carrom enthusiasts grouped together in 2004 and established the [[Pakistan Carrom Federation|Pakistani Carrom Federation]] or PCF. The PCF have worked to build clubs across [[Pakistan]] to promote and teach the game.

The German Carrom Federation was founded in 1986 with the objective of supporting and maintaining the game of Carrom. The federation oversees Germany Carrom Clubs and teams throughout Germany.

The Italian Carrom Federation was founded in 1995 by a group of Carrom enthusiasts and is responsible for the spread of the game throughout Italy. The federation is supported by a large number of volunteers who regularly run events throughout Italy to teach and educate about the game.

The Japan Carrom Federation was established in 1997. In 2001 they moved into their new headquarters in [[Tokyo]] from Hikone. Originally set up to allow players to compete in overseas tournament but held their first national championship in 2004 and now hold tournaments, demonstrations and training camps across Japan.

The board and pieces can be bought in Europe, North America, or Australia and are usually imported from India. The most expensive boards are made to a high standard with high quality wood and decorations though cheaper boards are available. Some of the largest exporters of carrom boards are in India, e.g. Precise, Surco, Syndicate Sports and Paul Traders.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.precisesports.com/ |title=Precise Sports |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924220914/http://www.precisesports.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surisports.com/ |title=SuriSports.com |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926005358/http://www.surisports.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syndicatesports.in/carrom.html |title=Syndicate Sports |access-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922190122/http://www.syndicatesports.in/carrom.html |archive-date=22 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiamart.com/paul-traders-jalandhar/ |title=Paul Traders carrom boards |publisher=IndiaMart.com |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922181931/http://www.indiamart.com/paul-traders-jalandhar/ |archive-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carromshop.com/carrom-manufacturer-list/ |title=Carrom Board Manufacturer List |publisher=Carrom Shop |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915171756/http://www.carromshop.com/carrom-manufacturer-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Equipment==
The game is usually played on a square board made of [[plywood]], with a pocket in each corner. The International Carrom Federation says that the square playing surface must be between exactly {{convert|73.5|and|74|cm|in}} along each side, that the edges be bounded by bumpers of wood, and the underside of each pocket be covered by a net capable of holding at least 10 carrom pieces.<ref name="Nets">{{cite web | title=Nets | url=http://www.carrom.org/icf/?subcat=20#g | publisher=International Carrom Federation | access-date=2012-07-18 | archive-date=26 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826144329/http://www.carrom.org/icf/?subcat=20#g | url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Carrom men===

{{Anchor|Carrom-men|reason=Old name, may be linked.}}[[File:Carromboard.JPG|thumb|Carrom men and one striker, arranged at the start of a game]]
Carrom is played using small disks of wood or plastic known as ''carrom men'' (sometimes abbreviated CM, c.m. c/m, etc.). These pieces, aside from the special ''[[#Queen|queen]]'', may also be known as ''seeds'', ''coins'', ''pawns'' (as in [[chess]]), or ''[[Puck (sports)|pucks]]''. Carrom men are designed to slide when struck and are made with a smooth surface that slides easily when laid flat on the board. They are struck by a ''Striker'' of a standard specification which is larger and heavier. Carrom follows similar "strike and pocket" games, like [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], with its use of rebounds, angles, and obstruction of opponent's carrom pieces.

A carrom set contains 19 pieces (striker not included) in three distinct [[Color|colours]]: 9 white carrom men, 9 black carrom men and 1 red queen.

ICF-approved pieces must have a diameter of no more than 3.18 cm and no less than 3.02 cm. The pieces must be between 7 and 9 mm thick. The pieces have a plain, rounded edge. The mass of the pieces must be between 5.0 and 5.5 g.

===Strikers===

Striker pieces are used to hit the carrom men and the queen across the board to the pockets, similar to how the [[cue ball]] is used in billiards. The carrom striker normally weighs 15 grams of size 4.1 cm diameter.

===Queen===
[[File:Carrom coin 3.jpg|thumb|upright|The queen]]
The red disk is called the queen; it is the most valuable piece. During board setup, it is placed at the centre of the circle. In accordance with the ICF rules, pocketing the queen adds 3 points to the player's total score. The dimensions of the queen must be the same as those of other carrom men.<ref>{{cite web | title=The queen | url=http://pscamohali.googlepages.com/queen | publisher=Punjabi State Carrom Association | access-date=2009-06-04 | archive-date=14 March 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314085802/http://pscamohali.googlepages.com/queen | url-status=live }}</ref>
* The player must pocket the queen and subsequently pocket a carrom man of the player's own colour. This is termed ''covering the queen''. If by mistake, a player puts a carrom man of the opposite team in the pocket after pocketing the queen, then the queen has to be placed in the centre of the board again.
* If the player fails to pocket a subsequent carrom man, the queen is replaced at the centre of the board.
* If the player pockets their opponent's last carrom man before pocketing the queen, then it's a foul.
* If a player puts the queen and a carrom man of the player's own colour in the pocket with one use of the striker, the queen is automatically covered, but it does not matter which went first.

===Powder===
Fine-grained powder is used on the board to enable the pieces to slide more easily. [[Boric acid]] powder is the most commonly used for this purpose.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Düzcükoğlu, H. |author2=Acaroğlu, M. |title=Lubrication Properties of Vegetable Oils Combined with Boric Acid and Determination of Their Effects on Wear |journal=Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Use, and Environmental Effects |volume=32 |issue=3 |year=2009 |pages=275–285 |doi=10.1080/15567030802606053|s2cid=97537085 }}</ref><ref name="Why is boric powder used in carrom boards?">{{cite web|title=Why is boric powder used in carrom boards? |url=http://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/why-is-boric-powder-used-in-carrom-boards.htm |publisher=Tata Chemicals: Let's Talk Chemistry |access-date=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718035007/http://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/why-is-boric-powder-used-in-carrom-boards.htm |archive-date=2012-07-18 }}</ref>

In the UK, many players use a version of [[anti-set-off spray powder]] from the printing industry{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} which has specific electrostatic properties with particles of 50 micrometres in diameter. The powder is made from pure, food-grade vegetable starch.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==Standardised rules and regulations==
{{main|International Carrom Federation}}
The ICF promulgates International Rules of Carrom (also termed "The Laws of Carrom"). ICF acts as the [[Sports governing body|governing body]] of carrom. The organisation also ranks players, sanctions tournaments and presents awards. ICF has many national affiliates such as the [[All-India Carrom Federation]], Australian Carrom Federation, and United States Carrom Association.

===Toss===
Order of play is determined by the process of "calling the carrom men" or "the toss". Before commencing each match, an [[Referee|umpire]] hides one black carrom man in one hand and one white carrom man on the other hand. The players guess which colour carrom men is being held in each hand. The player who guesses correctly wins the toss.

The winner of the toss strikes first, which is called the opening break. The winner of the toss has the option to change sides from white to black and give up the opening break. The winner of the toss may not pass this decision to the other player. If the winner of the toss chooses to change sides then the loser must strike first.

The player taking the first shot (or break) plays white carrom men. The opponent plays black. If that player cannot score any points then they lose the turn and their opponent can choose to play any carrom man, Black or White in favour.

===Shooting===
[[File:Boys playing ’Shove H’Apenny,.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Carrom being played in Tanzania]]
A successful pot entitles the player to shoot again. This means that, as in pool and snooker, it is possible for a player to pot all their pieces and cover the queen from the start of the game without the opponent being given the chance to shoot.

Any player pocketing the queen is required to ''cover it'' immediately by pocketing one of their carrom men on the entitlement shot. If after potting the queen the player fails to ''cover it'', then the queen is returned to the centre of the table. It is illegal to pot the Queen after the last piece since the queen must always be ''covered''.

Thumbing is allowed by International Carrom Federation which allows the player to shoot with any finger including the thumb (known as "thumbing", "thumbshot", or "thumb hit").

Crossing the diagonal lines on the board by coming in touch with it, pocketing the striker is a foul. A player needs to ensure that their striking hand does not infringe/cross the diagonal lines aerially/physically. A player committing a foul must return one carrom man that was already pocketed.

If a player pockets their striker, they have to pay a penalty. This penalty is usually 10 points.

==Variations==

===Professional===
* Each team or player is assigned a colour and can only pocket that colour of carrom men.
* Pocketing the queen must be followed by pocketing another coin on the consecutive strike.
* The queen can only be pocketed if the player has already pocketed a carrom man but has not yet pocketed the last carrom man of the player's colour as a carrom man must be pocketed to cover it.
* Once the queen is covered, whoever clears all their carrom men first wins the board.
* Game automatically ends after last coin is pocketed, even is striker is still in play or goes out after.
* Queen and cover can not be pocketed in the same strike, irrespective of the order they enter the pocket.
* The winner of a board collects one point for each of the opponent's carrom men left at the finish and three points for the queen if covered by the winner (if covered by the loser, no-one gets those points). No more points are collected for the queen after your score reaches 21.
* A game consists of 25 points.
* When placing the striker on the board to shoot, it must touch both baselines, either covering the end circle completely or not touching it at all. The striker may not touch the diagonal arrow line.
* Shooting styles can vary between players, but all shots must involve flicking the striker and not pushing it. While players may orient their bodies for aiming, they must remain seated for the shot.
* Carrom men can be struck directly only if they are not touching the player's baseline or situated behind the baseline. According to the new rule, if the carrom man is behind the baseline, the player can directly hit the carrom man by the carrom striker unlike before we have to strike the carrom men off any side of the carrom board or any other carrom piece on the board but not directly.
* Sinking the striker incurs a penalty of one piece and a loss of turn. If a piece is pocketed in the same shot as the striker that piece is also removed. These pieces are returned to the board in the center circle. If the striker is sunk before any of a player's carrom men, that player must later return a carrom man after sinking to make up for the deficit.
* If while the queen and a carrom man are sunk on the same shot, the queen is not considered covered regardless of the order that the pieces entered the pocket.
* If a piece jumps off the board, it is placed on the center spot. If pieces land on end or are overlapping, they are left that way.
* If the center spot is partially covered when replacing the queen or a jumped piece, the piece should cover as much red as possible. If totally covered, the piece is placed opposite the next player behind the red spot.
* One can touch any coin. However, if the player touches their last piece directly before the queen, penalty will be imposed.
* If a player sinks an opponent's piece, that player loses a turn. If a player sinks an opponent's last carrom piece they lose the board and three points are deducted from their score.
* If a player sinks their last piece before the queen, they lose the board, three points and one point for each of their opponent's pieces left.<ref name="carrom.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.carrom.org/game/?subcat=11 |title=The Game: How to Play |publisher=International Carrom Federation |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205075650/http://www.carrom.org/game/?subcat=11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* If the striker does not leave both lines, the player has another chance. After three tries without leaving the lines the player loses their turn.<ref name="carrom.org"/>
* These rules are mostly played in the UK, Sri Lanka, and India.

===Point===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
Point carrom is a variant that is popular with children or an odd number of players. Each player is allowed to pocket carrom men of any colour.
* Carrom men of either colour are assigned 1 point each.
* The queen gives 5 points.
* The black gives 1 points.
* The white gives 2 points.
* To get queen points, one needs to put a carrom man of any colour in the same pocket after the queen on the same or a subsequent strike in the same turn. If the player fails to "cover" the queen in this fashion, the queen is put back in the center of the board.
* The first player to reach 25 points is declared the winner.
* If no player reaches 25 points, the player with the highest points is declared the winner. If the scores are tied, a tie-breaker must be played. Players who are tied select a colour and are only allowed to pocket carrom men of the other colour on the rebound.
*

===Family-point===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
Family-point carrom (also known as simple-point carrom) is an informal variant suitable for an odd number of players. Each player is allowed to pocket carrom men of any colour.
* Typically, a black carrom man scores 10 points, and a white scores 20 points
* The queen scores 50 points.
* As in point carrom, the queen must be "covered" pocketing another carrom man in the same pocket on the same or subsequent strike in one's turn.
* With the points system, if one team/player gets queen points early in the game, the opponent still has a good chance to win by earning more points.
* This style of play is widely accepted in many areas of South-East Asia.

===Total-point===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
* The black carrom men are worth 1, 5, or 10 point(s) and the white ones are worth 2, 10, or 20 points (depending on exact game variant).
* The queen is assigned 5 or 50 points. As in the above two variants, it must have a carrom man pocketed after it.
* To win, a player must receive all the carrom men on the board.{{clarify|date=January 2018|reason=That doesn't make sense. I suppose that only one player can ever score, so this game could take years to conclude; it would be impossible to win if any opponent ever scored a single point.}}
* After the first round, the player or team with the lowest score puts all their carrom men in the center.
* The others must match this score in the center and the players play for the carrom men in the center.
* They repeat this until one team or player has all the carrom men.
* This style of play is widely accepted in many areas of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.

==Board variations==
Carrom boards are available in various board sizes and corner-pocket sizes. There are smaller boards and boards with larger pockets. Boards with larger pockets are used by beginners for easier gameplay. On traditional carrom boards, the corner pockets are only slightly larger than the carrom men, but smaller than the striker. On boards with larger pockets, it is possible to pocket the striker, resulting in a "{{Cuegloss|Scratch|scratch shot}}" as in [[Pocket billiards|pool]]. This results in a "due". On a due, the player has to return one previously pocketed carrom man to the board. The standardised association and federation size is a 74 × 74 cm<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carrompoolapk.com/carrom-board-faqs/ |title=Carrom Board Faqs |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314091609/https://carrompoolapk.com/carrom-board-faqs/ |url-status=live }}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref> (29 × 29 inch) square playing surface with 5–10 cm (2–4 in) borders. Other play-area sizes are not used in tournaments and competitions.

===North American carrom===
{{main|Pichenotte#Canadian–American carrom}}
North American carrom, played primarily in Canada and the [[northern United States]], is a variant developed around 1890 by [[Christian missionaries]] to Asia, who brought the game back with them. Concerned with young boys loitering around [[pool hall]]s (where gambling was common), an American Sunday school teacher named Henry L. Haskell altered the game for Western tastes. Much of the game is the same, but the striker's weight is reduced and the carrom men are smaller. Generally, instead of disks, carrom men (including the striker) are rings, originally of wood but today commercially made of plastic. In addition, as an alternative to using the fingers to flick the striker, some of the American carrom boards use miniature [[cue stick]]s. American carrom boards also have {{cuegloss|pockets}} built into the corners, rather than circular holes in the board, to make pocketing easier. While traditionally made boards vary widely, current commercially produced American carrom boards, by the Carrom Company of Michigan, are squares measuring 28 inches (71 cm) to a side, are printed with checkerboard and backgammon patterns, among others, and are sold with [[dice]], [[Skittles (sport)|skittles]], etc. to allow other games to be played on the same board. These boards may also be printed on the reverse with the circular pattern for playing [[crokinole]].

===Japanese carrom===
Carrom was introduced to Japan in the early 20th century. Carrom became popular as {{Nihongo3|Japanese for 'pounding board', 'fight ball board' or 'throw ball board'|闘球盤|{{transliteration|ja|'''''tōkyūban'''''}}}}, but fell in popularity in the [[Shōwa period]]. However, carrom became known as "Hikone Karomu" (Hikone carrom) in [[Hikone, Shiga]]. The Hikone carrom board has larger pockets (not unlike those of [[pichenotte]]), the discs are arranged in a ring (also like in Pichette), each player is given twelve discs instead of nine, and the queen (known as the "jack") is pocketed last (similar to [[Eight-ball]] or [[Blackball (pool)|Black ball]]).

===South African fingerboard===
It is similar to Carrom played in South Asia, but coins are used rather than rocks.

===Mexican fichapool===

Since 2008 there is a Mexican variation called '''fichapool''' or colloquially, ''fichapúl'' (from Spanish ''ficha''). The men (12 each side) as the strikers, are plastic rings. As the South African fingerboard, it has larger pockets.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==Commercial derivations==
Several companies made copies of Haskell's carrom game board. The Transogram Company made a version in the 1950s and called it ''Skooker''.{{r|varients}} [[Coleco]] made reproductions in the 1980s with names like "Carom-playing Games Board" with up to 202 derived replication games.{{r|varients}} Some variants in the 1970s were called "101 Games Board" and "Carom-playing 166 Games Board".{{r|varients}} An ice-box manufacturer made "Combinola" and "Crokinola" variants.<ref name=varients>{{cite web |url= http://thebiggamehunter.com/main-menu-bar/articles-2/articles-by-others/carrom-games/carroms/ |title= THE AMERICAN CARROM GAMEBOARD – SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE |last1= Lonsway |first1= Brian |date= 1998 |publisher= The Big Game Hunter |access-date= 24 May 2016 |archive-date= 18 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140118094905/http://thebiggamehunter.com/main-menu-bar/articles-2/articles-by-others/carrom-games/carroms/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Cultural depictions==

Films depicting Carrom include the 2003 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Munna Bhai (film series)|Munna Bhai M.B.B.S]]'', the 2010 Hindi film ''[[Striker (2010 film)|Striker]]'' and the 2018 Tamil film ''[[Vada Chennai]]''.

==Similar games==
Games similar to carrom include [[pichenotte]], [[pitchnut]], [[crokinole]], [[Chapayev (game)|Chapayev]], [[novuss]] and [[button football]].

==Vintage boards==

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Carrom 3.jpg
File:Carrom checkers.jpg
File:Carrom 5.jpg
File:Carrom 9.jpg
File:Carrom round-pattern.jpg
File:Carrom red target.jpg
File:Carrom yellow.jpg
File:Carrom stick.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://internationalcarrom.com/ International Carrom Federation]
* [https://uscarrom.org/ USCA] – United States Carrom Association
* [https://carrom.com.ua/ Carrom Ukraine] — Ukraine Carrom Federation
* [https://carrom.co.kr/ Carrom Korea] — Korea Carrom Federation
* [https://carrom.co.uk/ Carrom UK] — UK Carrom Club
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zp3mAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Henry+L.+Haskell%22+plywood&pg=RA4-PA61 Factory assembly steps of carroms games]

{{Cue sports}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Carrom| ]]
[[Category:Precision sports]]
[[Category:Disk-flicking games]]
[[Category:Tabletop cue games]]
[[Category:Indian board games]]
[[Category:Indian inventions]]

Ambur Assembly constituency

2026-05-01T00:57:21Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Basic Entry W/ Infobox.

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{coord|12.78|N|78.7|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 48
| map_image = Constitution-Ambur.svg
| Existence =
| district = [[Tirupathur district|Tirupathur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
| established = 1957
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[A. C. Vilwanathan]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Ambur
| electors = 214,469
| reservation = None
}}
'''Ambur''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Tirupattur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 48. It comprises portions of [[Vellore taluk|Vellore]] and [[Vaniyambadi taluk]]s and is a part of [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections to the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 25 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160804211957/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20%26%20Order%20.pdf |archive-date= 4 August 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> It was in existence from the 1957 to 1971 state elections of [[Madras State]], following which it became a constituency of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Assembly
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|Second]]
|rowspan=2|1957
|[[V. K. Krishnamurthy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[S. R. Munusamy]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|Third]]
|1962
|[[P. Rajagopal (Ambur MLA)|P. Rajagopal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|Fourth]]
|1967
|[[M. Panneerselvam]]
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
|[[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|[[M. Panneerselvam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[A. Aslam Basha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}}
|-
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[R. Balasubramani]]<ref>Disqualification by Assembly Speaker 2017</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=48}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections|2019^]]
|rowspan="2"|[[A. C. Vilwanathan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. C. Vilwanathan]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Venkatesan|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Afsiya Towfik Fikrath|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Imdhiyas |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =214469 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. C. Vilwanathan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=90,476 |percentage=51.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nazar Mohamed. K |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,244 |percentage=39.81% |change=-9.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Maharunnisha |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=10,150 |percentage=5.75% |change=5.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Umar Farook. Asa |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=1,793 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja. S |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,638 |percentage=0.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,417 |percentage=0.80% |change=-0.21% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,232 |percentage=11.47% |change=-5.92% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,76,461 |percentage=74.15% |change= -1.72% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=314 |percentage=0.18% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,37,993 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 by-election===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Ambur<ref>{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC048.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062024/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC048.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[A. C. Vilwanathan]]
|votes = 96,455
|percentage = 55.93
|change = +55.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = J. Jothi Ramalinga Raja
|votes = 58,688
|percentage = 34.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = R. Balasubramani
|votes = 8,856
|percentage = 5.14
|change = +5.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = N. Selvamani
|votes = 3,127
|percentage = 1.81
|change = +1.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = A. Kareem Basha
|votes = 1,853
|percentage = 1.07
|change = +1.07
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 1,852
|percentage = 1.07
|change = +0.06
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 37,767
|percentage = 21.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,72,457
|percentage = 76.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Balasubramani. R. (E) |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,182 |percentage=49.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nazeer Ahmed. V. R. |party=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |votes=51,176 |percentage=31.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Madar Khaleellur Rahman |party=SUNP |votes=7,640 |percentage=4.74% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vasu. R. |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=7,043 |percentage=4.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Venkatesan. K. |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,760 |percentage=3.58% |change=-0.83% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ameen Basha. M. |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=4,643 |percentage=2.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,632 |percentage=1.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundar. N. |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=967 |percentage=0.60% |change=-0.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Zaheeruzaman |party=Independent politician |votes=748 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kalaikamaraj. N. |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=574 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murali Mohan. M. |party=Shiv Sena |votes=385 |percentage=0.24% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,006 |percentage=17.39% |change=13.67% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,61,075 |percentage=75.87% |change= -1.83% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,12,306 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |swing= 5.15% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Aslam Basha. A |party=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |votes=60,361 |percentage=44.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vijay Elanchezian. J |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,270 |percentage=40.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sampath E |party=Independent politician |votes=6,553 |percentage=4.78% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Venkatesan. G |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,047 |percentage=4.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shameel Ahmed V |party=Independent politician |votes=1,752 |percentage=1.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gopi C |party=Independent politician |votes=1,485 |percentage=1.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundar. N |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,468 |percentage=1.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Hameed S A |party=Independent politician |votes=1,414 |percentage=1.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Baseer Ahmed P |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,074 |percentage=0.78% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Syed Badruddin. N |party=Indian National League |votes=974 |percentage=0.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rahaman N |party=Independent politician |votes=751 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,091 |percentage=3.71% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,76,519 |percentage=77.70% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,149 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Panneerselvam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,937 |percentage=55.17% |change=-1.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Adimoolam M. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,449 |percentage=35.93% |change=-1.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Damodaran V. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=5,129 |percentage=8.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ashok John Joseph R. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=182 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,488 |percentage=19.24% |change=0.30% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,697 |percentage=64.42% |change= -3.29% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,754 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Panneerselvam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,554 |percentage=56.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajagopal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,947 |percentage=37.41% |change=-16.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. T. Velayutham |party=Republican Party of India |votes=3,499 |percentage=6.25% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,607 |percentage=18.94% |change=-1.13% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,000 |percentage=67.71% |change= 5.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,087 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.62% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Rajagopal (Ambur Mla)|P. Rajagopal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,505 |percentage=53.73% |change=31.25% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. Muniswamy |party=Republican Party of India |votes=15,979 |percentage=33.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Adimoolam |party=Independent politician |votes=5,988 |percentage=12.61% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,526 |percentage=20.07% |change=19.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,472 |percentage=62.06% |change= -8.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,473 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 31.25% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambur<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. K. Krishnamurthy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,562 |percentage=22.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sampangi Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=25,105 |percentage=22.07% |change= }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. R. Munusami]] |party=Independent politician |votes=17,047 |percentage=14.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Rathanasami (Sc) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,842 |percentage=13.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Athimeolam (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=15,585 |percentage=13.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. B. Rajagopal Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=14,592 |percentage=12.83% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=457 |percentage=0.40% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,13,733 |percentage=70.42% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,61,510 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tirupathur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]

Chidananda Dasgupta

2026-04-20T14:13:51Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting new details

{{Short description|Indian Bengali filmmaker}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chidananda Das Gupta
| image = ChidanandaDasguptaImg.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1921|11|20}}
| birth_place = [[Shillong]], [[Assam Province|Assam]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2011|05|22|1921|11|20}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation =
}}

'''Chidananda Das Gupta''' ({{langx|bn|চিদানন্দ দাশগুপ্ত}}) (20 November 1921<ref>Ravi Bhushan: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZodmAAAAMAAJ&q=Chidananda+Dasgupta+1921 Reference India: biographical notes on men & women of achievement of today & tomorrow], 1992, p. 186</ref> – 22 May 2011)—family name sometimes spelled 'Dashgupta' and '[[Dasgupta]]'<ref>His latest publication by Penguin, in 2006, spells family name as ''Das Gupta'', ''vide'' Publications section</ref>—was an Indian filmmaker, film critic, a [[film historian]] and one of the founders of [[Calcutta Film Society]] with [[Satyajit Ray]] in 1947. He lived and worked in [[Calcutta]] and [[Santiniketan]].

== Early life ==
Son of Shantilata and Manmathanath Dasgupta, a Brahmo missionary and social worker, he was born at [[Shillong]], [[India]] in 1921. In 1944 he married, Supriya Das, a daughter of Brahmananda Dashgupta, brother of poet [[Jibanananda Das]]. His daughter [[Aparna Sen]] is a well known actress and filmmaker. Actress [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] is his granddaughter.

Das Gupta first entered politics during the anti-British [[Quit India movement]] days of the 1940s, then began teaching at St. Columba's College, [[Hazaribagh#Bengali community|Hazaribagh]], personal assistant to [[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]] at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], [[Calcutta]], teaching at [[City College, Kolkata]], journalism, and then a plush job in advertising with Imperial Tobacco.

==The film society movement==
In 1947, Das Gupta, along with [[Satyajit Ray]], RP Gupta, [[Sunil Janah]], [[Bansi Chandragupta]], [[Harisadhan Dasgupta]] and others, founded the [[Calcutta Film Society]].

In 1959, the [[Federation of Film Societies of India]] was set up at the initiative of Das Gupta, Satyajit Ray, Mrs. [[Vijaya Mulay]], Mrs. [[Ammu Swaminathan]], Robert Hawkins, [[Diptendu Pramanick]], Abul Hassan and [[A. Roychowdhury]]. The Federation has played a major role in the spread of the film society movement in India.

==Writing and translations==
Das Gupta is well known for his essays and translations of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Manik Bandopadhyay]] and [[Jibanananda Das]]. He had a close association with poet Jibanananda Das during the latter's lifetime which gave him unique insights into the poetry of Jibanananda Das that is often alleged to be obscure and unintelligible.<ref>Blurb of ''Selected Poems – Jibanananda Das''</ref>

One of the most famous poems of [[Bengali poetry|Bengali literature]], namely, [[Banalata Sen]] by poet [[Jibanananda Das]] has been rendered into English by Das Gupta. It reads as follows:

::'''Banalata Sen'''

::For aeons have I roamed the roads of the earth. From the seas of Ceylon to the straits of Malaya I have journeyed, alone, in the enduring night, And down the dark corridor of time I have walked Through mist of Bimbisara, Asoka, darker Vidarbha. Round my weary soul the angry waves still roar; My only peace I knew with Banalata Sen of Natore.

::Her hair was dark as night in Vidisha; Her face the sculpture of Sravasti. I saw her, as a sailor after the storm Rudderless in the sea, spies of a sudden The grass-green heart of the leafy island. ‘Where were you so long?' she asked, and more With her bird's-nest eyes, Banalata Sen of Natore.

::As the footfall of dew comes evening; The raven wipes the smell of warm sun From its wings; the world's noises die. And in the light of fireflies the manuscript Prepares to weave the fables of night; Every bird is home, every river reached the ocean. Darkness remains; and time for Banalata Sen.<ref>''Beyond Land and Time'', edited by [[Faizul Latif Chowdhury]] and Golam Mustafa, 2008: Somoy Prokashon, Dhaka</ref>

==Writing about cinema==
Chidananda Das Gupta is best known as a film historian and film critic. He has written over 2000 articles on cinema in various periodicals. In 1957, he, Ray and others, started the ''Indian Film Quarterly''. His contributions to the British film magazine ''Sight and Sound'' have permanent archival value. He has studied closely the work of his friend Satyajit Ray, and his 1980 book ''The Cinema of Satyajit Ray'' remains one of the definitive works on Ray.

== Awards ==
In 2004 Chidananada Das Gupta was honoured at the [[Osian Film Festival]], 2004, with a Lifetime Achievement Award for writing on cinema.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/july112004/update6.asp Chidananda Dasgupta to be honoured at Cine fest – Deccan Herald] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520212817/http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/july112004/update6.asp |date=20 May 2011 }}</ref>

== Filmmaker ==
Das Gupta directed as many as seven films, namely ''The Stuff of Steel'' (1969), ''The Dance of Shiva'' (1968), ''Portrait of a City'' (1961), ''[[Amodini]]'' (1994), ''Zaroorat Ki Purti'' (1979), ''Rakhto'' (1973) and ''Bilet Pherat'' (1972)<ref>[http://www.citwf.com/person487763.htm CHIDANANDA DAS GUPTA: Film Database – CITWF]</ref> Of these he composed only two. These are ''Bilet Pherat'' and ''Amodini'', the latter starring both his daughter [[Aparna Sen]] and his granddaughter [[Konkona Sen Sharma]].<ref>[http://calcuttatube.com/2007/12/08/amodini-1994-classic-bengali-cinema-watch-the-bengali-movie-online/ Amodini (1994) – Classic Bengali Cinema – Watch the Bengali Movie Online {{!}} Calcutta Tube – Online Bengali/Hindi Movies – The Land of Indian Videos] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212235120/http://calcuttatube.com/2007/12/08/amodini-1994-classic-bengali-cinema-watch-the-bengali-movie-online/ |date=12 December 2007 }}</ref>

''Amodini'' was made in 1996. It was a one-hour forty-five-minute family comedy. Casting included Aparna Sen, Rachana Banerjee, Anusree Das, and [[Pijush Ganguly]], among others. A satirical Indian fairy tale, it is set in the perspective of the 18th century, when traditional social customs were strictly enforced and complied with. The storyline is about the exploits of a pretty and spoiled daughter of a rajah (king) who is forced to become the bride of her 15-year-old Brahmin houseboy after the man she was supposed to marry jilts her on her wedding day. If she does not marry before sunset, something horrible will happen to her; therefore, she must marry the servant boy. After the ceremony, the boy is exiled, and the union remains unconsummated. Years pass and tragedy befalls the rajah who has lost all his wealth. Suddenly the servant boy returns but is no longer a servant. Now, he has become wealthy and powerful enough to take the rajah's position from him. Even though he had married another by then, his former bride begged him to take her in.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120717020604/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie.aspx?m=65433&mp=syn Amodini (1996) – Synopsis – MSN Movies]</ref>

==Filmography==
*''The Stuff of Steel'' (1969)
*''The Dance of Shiva'' (1968)
*''Portrait of a City'' (1961)
*''[[Amodini]]'' (1994)
*''Zaroorat Ki Purti'' (1979)
*''Rakhto'' (1973)
*''Bilet Pherat'' (1972)

==Later life==
As an elderly man, Das Gupta was physically impaired from [[Parkinson's disease]]. He used wheel chair to move and his voice was barely audible. However he remained active. He always dressed up in trademark cream [[kurta]]-[[pyjama]]. His white stubble around the cheeks well passed for a [[French beard]]. It has been said that Chidananda Das Gupta was a picture of 'restraint' and 'dignity'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/22/stories/2004072200970100.htm |title=The Hindu : A lifetime's work, A lifetime's award |access-date=12 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050508123425/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/22/stories/2004072200970100.htm |archive-date=8 May 2005 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> He died on 22 May 2011 in Kolkata after catching [[bronchopneumonia]] brought on by Parkinson's disease.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aparna Sen's father, a noted film critic, dead|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/chidananda-dasgupta-passes-away/20110523.htm|access-date=24 May 2011|newspaper=Rediff|date=23 May 2011|agency=PTI}}</ref><ref name="Cherian2016">{{cite book|author=V. K. Cherian|title=India's Film Society Movement: The Journey and its Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iytwDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT86|date=31 October 2016|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-93-85985-62-1|pages=86–}}</ref>

==Publications==
* ''Seeing is Believing: Selected Writings on Cinema'', 2008, Penguin Books, New Delhi.
* ''Selected Poems – Jibanananda Das'', 2006, Penguin Books, New Delhi.
* ''The Cinema of Satyajit Ray'', 2001, National Book Trust.
* ''The Painted Face: Studies in India's Popular Cinemas'', 1991, Roli Books.
* ''Satyajit Ray: An anthology of statements on Ray and by Ray'': edited by Chidananda Das Gupta, 1981, Film India.
* ''Talking about Films'', 1981, Orient Longman.
* ''Unpopular Cinema'', Macmillan India Ltd.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310213726/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2004/07/23/stories/2004072301810100.htm Lifetime Achievement Award]}}
* {{IMDb name|0201869}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das Gupta, Chidananda}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali–English translators]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry in English translation]]
[[Category:Indian film historians]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in India]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Academic staff of City College, Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:People from Shillong]]
[[Category:Scholars from Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Best Critic National Film Award winners]]

2015 Indian Science Congress ancient aircraft controversy

2026-04-19T16:19:41Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Initial Pg Initial Version.

{{Short description|Protest against a conference presentation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}

The '''2015 Indian Science Congress ancient aircraft controversy''' refers to protests that occurred during the 102nd [[Indian Science Congress]] in [[Mumbai]] on 4 January 2015 when a paper claiming to prove that [[aircraft]] were invented in the [[Vedic age]] was allowed to be presented.<ref name="ControversialClaim">{{cite news|title=Ancient India Had Planes: Controversial Claim At Science Congress|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ancient-india-had-planes-controversial-claim-at-science-congress-643885|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[NDTV]]|date=5 January 2015}}</ref>

==Overview==
In December 2014, it was announced that Anand J. Bodas and his copresenter Ameya Jadhav, who claim that aircraft more advanced than today's versions existed in ancient India, would be allowed to speak at the [[Indian Science Congress]] and present a paper on aviation in the Vedic age. During an interview, he said that such aircraft were huge and could fly to other planets. He also said that those planes could fly backwards, left, or right, contrary to modern aircraft that can fly only forward.<ref name=AeroplanesInVedic>{{cite news|title=Aeroplanes in Vedic age could fly between planets: Speaker at Indian Science Congress|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/aeroplanes-vedic-age-could-fly-between-planets-speaker-indian-national-congress-232961-2014-12-26|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[India Today]]|date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=SlipVedic>{{cite news|title=Indian Science Congress organisers slip Vedic mythology about aviation into programme schedule|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Indian-Science-Congress-organisers-slip-Vedic-mythology-about-aviation-into-programme-schedule/articleshow/45643060.cms|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=26 December 2015}}</ref>

Bodas, who was a principal at a pilot training school in Kerala, and Jadhav, currently a lecturer at the Swami Vivekanand International School and Junior College in Mumbai,<ref name=VirusProof>{{cite news|title=At Science Congress, Vedic aeroplanes and virus-proof suits|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/at-science-congress-vedic-aeroplanes-and-virus-proof-suits/99/|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=3 January 2015}}</ref> cited a text called [[Vaimānika Shāstra|''Vaimanika Prakaranam'']] (also called ''Vaimānika Shāstra'') as evidence. Scientists from the Indian Institute of Science studied the text in 1974, concluding that "craft is a decided impossibility" and that the Vaimānika Shāstra was written no earlier than 1904.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gandhi|first1=Divya|title=An 'ancient' treatise no older than 1904|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sunday-anchor/sunday-anchor-grounded-before-takeoff/article6775677.ece|access-date=31 January 2016|agency=The Hindu|date=January 11, 2015}}</ref> Bodas stated that modern science rejects anything that it cannot explain. He claimed that of the 500 guidelines described in the text, only 100 to 120 survive today. He attributed this loss to the passage of time, foreign rulers of India and artefacts which had been stolen from India during that time.<ref name=SlipVedic/>

The five-day conference was held at the Kalina Campus of [[Mumbai University]] starting on 3 January 2015. The paper was presented on 4 January as a part of the larger [[Academic conference|symposium]] on "Ancient Sciences Through Sanskrit".<ref name=SlipVedic/> Other papers presented in the symposium were "Engineering applications of Ancient Indian botany", "Neuroscience of yoga: understanding the process", "Advances in surgery in Ancient India" and "Scientific principles of Ancient Indian architecture and civil engineering".<ref name=VirusProof/>

==Criticism and protests==
In late December 2014, Ram Prasad Gandhiraman, a scientist at [[NASA]]'s [[Ames Research Center]], started a petition to prevent the paper from being presented at the conference. By 31 December, 220 scientists and academics had signed the petition. Gandhiraman criticised the paper as pseudo-science and said that mythology should not be mixed with science.<ref name=PseudoScience>{{cite news|title=Pseudo-science must not figure in Indian Science Congress|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/cover-story/Pseudo-science-must-not-figure-in-Indian-Science-Congress/articleshow/45698353.cms|access-date=25 January 2015|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=31 December 2014}}</ref>

S. M. Deshpande, a professor at the [[Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]], who has written a paper with four others on aircraft in Sanskrit texts, said that we should not reject such claims as pseudoscience outright but examine them with intellectual curiosity. His paper, however, states that the aircraft described in the Vaimānika Shāstra text would not be capable of flying, and the text itself cannot be traced to any date before 1904.<ref name=PseudoScience/>

H.S. Mukunda, another professor at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, who was a co-author of the paper, criticised the organisers and said that both sides of the debate should be presented. He asked why there had been no working models made if the persons who presented the paper were convinced that they were right.<ref name=Disservice>{{cite news|title=The organisers did a disservice to science|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150112/jsp/knowhow/story_7878.jsp|access-date=4 April 2020|work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611151100/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150112/jsp/knowhow/story_7878.jsp|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref>

[[Roddam Narasimha]], director of [[National Aerospace Laboratories]] (NAL), said that there is no credible evidence that aviation existed in ancient India. He added that the Vaimānika Shāstra text has been studied scientifically, and the consensus is that descriptions in the text are unscientific.<ref name=SlipVedic/>

Notable Indian [[astrophysicist]] and founding director of the [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]] at Pune, India, [[Jayant Narlikar]] reacted to the controversy, saying that it was good to be proud of ancient Indian science, but scientists should not make claims about things they did not have [[Scientific evidence|proof]] of. He commented, "We can boast of things, but it should be restricted to what we have proof of. But we shouldn't claim things of which there is no evidence or proof, as it reduces the credibility of what our scientists have achieved in the past."
He further asserted, "Even the West recognises the knowledge of mathematics held by Indians. If we start making outlandish claims, the scientific community of the world will not look up to us as it does now".<ref>{{cite news|title=Outlandish claims diminish respect for ancient Indian science: Narlikar|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Outlandish-claims-diminish-respect-for-ancient-Indian-science-Narlikar/articleshow/45877872.cms|access-date=2 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 January 2015}}</ref>

[[Economist]] and [[Nobel laureate]] [[Amartya Sen]] commented that some evidence is required in the controversial claims made in the [[Indian Science Congress]] regarding the achievements of ancient Indians. He said, "The idea that human beings can fly is known to human beings from birth. The idea that human beings might be able to be on the air has been talked about a lot. If that was true, then we would like to find some evidence."
Further, he elaborated, "As our epics show, Indians have thought about flying for a long time. But it would be fanciful to say that India invented the aeroplane. If ancient India had airfare technology, we would like to see some evidence. I agree there are a lot of claims that have nothing to do with achievements."<ref name=sen>{{cite news|title=Claims made in Science might need evidence, says Amartya Sen|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india/claims-made-in-science-might-need-evidence-says-amartya-sen/521455-3.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201064626/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india/claims-made-in-science-might-need-evidence-says-amartya-sen/521455-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 February 2015|access-date=2 February 2015|work=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=6 January 2015}}</ref>

==Support==
Gauri Mahulikar, the head of the department of [[Sanskrit]] at Mumbai University, said that the paper would have been easily dismissed if it had been presented by Sanskrit professors. But, since Bodas was a pilot and Ameya Jadhav had a [[Master of Technology]] and a [[Master of Arts]] in [[Sanskrit]], it supposedly could not be rejected easily.<ref name=PseudoScience/>

==See also==
* [[Vimana]]
* [[Hindutva pseudohistory]]
* [[Ancient astronauts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|title=Abstract: Ancient Indian Aviation Technology|url=http://sanskritbhavan.com/abs/Aviation.html|publisher=Department of Sanskrit, [[Mumbai University]]|author1=Anand Bodas|author2=Ameya Jadhav|date=January 2015|access-date=2015-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104185955/http://sanskritbhavan.com/abs/Aviation.html|archive-date=2015-01-04|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book | last1=Mazur | first1=Eric Michael | last2=Taylor | first2=Sarah McFarland | title=Religion and Outer Space | publisher=Taylor & Francis | publication-place=Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY | date=2023-07-07|chapter=The Myth Of Ancient Indian Airplanes|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TBi-EAAAQBAJ| editor1=Wendy|editor2=Doniger | isbn=978-1-000-90469-7}}

[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:2015 controversies]]
[[Category:Transport controversies]]
[[Category:Hinduism and science]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]

Devi Singh Shekhawat

2026-04-19T05:28:56Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Devi Singh Shekhawat
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Bansur Assembly constituency|Bansur]]
| predecessor = [[Shakuntala Rawat]]
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = 1 September 1966
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]]
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Devi Singh Shekhawat''' (born 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=DEVI SINGH SHEKHAWAT (Winner) BANSUR (ALWAR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=147 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Bansur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bansur-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687435.html| title= Bansur Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Devi Singh Shekhawat of BJP Wins| publisher=News18| date = 3 December 2023|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bansur Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Bansur Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election/bansur-constituency/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Shekhawat is from [[Bansur]], Alwar district, Rajasthan. He is the son of Roshan Singh Shekhawat. He completed his B.Sc. in maths at a college affiliated with [[Rajasthan University]] in 1989.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Shekhawat won from Bansur Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 61,605 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Rohitash Kumar of [[Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]], by a margin of 7,420 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bansur Assembly Election results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bansur |access-date=8 January 2025 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bansur Assembly Election Results 2023: Bansur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/rajasthan/bansur-assembly-result-20063 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shekhawat, Devi Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Alwar district]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Jenuse Mohamed

2026-04-10T17:08:04Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created a entry added tags

{{Short description|Filmmaker and writer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jenuse Mohamed
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|02|04}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| years_active = 2015{{En dash}}present
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* [[Film maker]]
* [[Film director|director]]
* [[screenwriter]]
}}
}}

'''Jenuse Mohamed''' (born 4 February 1984) is an Indian filmmaker and writer, known for his work in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He made his directorial debut with ''[[100 Days of Love]]'' starring [[Dulquer Salmaan]] and [[Nithya Menen]]. The film was a commercial success and was dubbed into Tamil, Telugu and Hindi.<ref name="Will OK Kanmani create the same magic as 100 Days of Love">{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/mani-ratnams-ok-kanmani-and-100-days-of-love-starring-dulquer-salmaan-and-nithya-menen.html|title=100 Days Of Love starring Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen has opened to good reviews and decent res|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> His next venture, ''[[9 (2019 film)|9]]'', starring [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] and [[Wamiqa Gabbi]], was the first South Indian film to be produced by [[Sony Pictures]].<ref name="Prithviraj’s ‘Nine’ heads to Himalayan foothills for shoot">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/prithviraj-s-nine-heads-himalayan-foothills-shoot-79939|title=Prithviraj's 'Nine' heads to Himalayan foothills for shoot|date=April 20, 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

==Early life==

Jenuse Mohamed was born on 4 February 1984. His father [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] is a veteran National Award-winning filmmaker, known for his work in the Malayalam film industry. Jenuse holds a master's degree in Film Studies from London Film School. He is also an MBA graduate.

==Career==

Jenuse started his career as an assistant director in Malayalam cinema. He worked on several ad films during his time at Nirvana Films, headed by [[Prakash Varma]]. He then went on to assist his father and many other renowned filmmakers like [[Lal Jose]] and [[Aashiq Abu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kamals-son-jenuse-to-make-his-directorial-debut/articleshow/19493306.cms |title = Kamal's son Jenuse to make his directorial debut}}</ref> In 2015, he debuted as writer and director with the [[romantic comedy]], ''[[100 Days of Love]]''. It received mixed reviews but was a decent commercial success. In 2019, he directed his second film, ''[[9 (2019 film)|9]]'', a science fiction horror film. It was jointly produced by [[Prithviraj Productions]] and Sony Pictures. He is currently working on his third feature film in Telugu, ''Drive'', starring [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] and [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| {{Pending|{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

* All films are in Malayalam unless noted otherwise

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ As Director
|-
! Year
! Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2015 || ''[[100 Days of Love]]'' || Debut
|-
| 2019 || ''[[9 (2019 film)|9]]'' ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Drive (2025 film)|Drive]]'' ||[[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ As Actor
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Rekhachithram]]'' || Young Kamal || Debut
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohamed, Jenuse}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian directors]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]

Mohammad Hidayatullah Khan

2026-04-08T01:48:47Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created a entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{distinguish|Hidayatullah Khan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| children = 6; (including, Mohammed Umar Saifullah Khan)
| name = Md Hidayatullah Khan
| office = [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| office2 = Minister of Food and Civil Supplies
| term_start = 27 March 1989
| term_end = 19 March 1990
| term_start1 = 1980
| term_end1 = 1995
| prior_term1 = 1
| term1 = 1972–1977
| term_start2 = 1985
| term_end2 = 1988
| birth_name = Mohammad Hidayatullah Khan
| birth_place = [[Harsidhi]], [[East Champaran district]], [[Bihar]]
| death_place = Hai Hospital, [[Patna]], Bihar
| death_date = 7 April 2009
| birth_date = 1927
| constituency = [[Harsidhi Assembly constituency|Harsidhi]]
| constituency1 = [[Harsidhi Assembly constituency|Harsidhi]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]
| predecessor = Shiva Chandra Jha
| succeeded = Ghulam Sarwar
| predecessor1 = Yagul Kishore Prasad Singh
| succeeded1 = [[Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Barrister Mohammad Hidayatullah Khan''' (1927 – 7 April 2009) also known as '''Barrister Saheb''' was an Indian politician. He served as Speaker of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from 27 March 1989 to 19 March 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-07 |title=Bihar's ex-speaker Hidaytullah Khan dies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/patna/bihar-s-ex-speaker-hidaytullah-khan-dies/story-UX2RDTNAjXuQ92Z44PqD7O.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2009-04-08 |title=Ex-Bihar Assembly Speaker Hidayatullah Khan passes away |url=http://twocircles.net/2009apr08/ex_bihar_assembly_speaker_hidayatullah_khan_passes_away.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref> He was Minister of Food and Civil Supplies in [[Bindeshwari Dubey|Bindeshwari Dubey ministry]]. Khan was Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Harsidhi Assembly constituency]] for 4 terms. He was associated with [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=Harsidhi Assembly Seat: हरसिद्धि विधानसभा चुनाव के पिछले नतीजे II Bihar Election 2020 |url=https://bihar.punjabkesari.in/national/news/harsidhi-assembly-seat-results-2015-2010-2005-bihar-election-2020-1232216 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=25 साल बाद विधायक युगल किशोर ने पहनी थी चप्पल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/news/bihar-election-trivia/article1-bihar-election-assembly-constituency-BJP-congress-JDU-LJP-484349.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref> He was President of [[Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 1993 to 1994.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mohammad Hidayatullah}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]]

{{Bihar-INC-politician-stub}}

Molly Aunty Rocks!

2026-04-07T17:52:01Z

Neeraj Singh Creator:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Molly Aunty Rocks!
| image = Molly Aunty Rocks.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Teaser poster
| director = [[Ranjith Sankar]]
| producer = [[Ranjith Sankar]]
| writer = [[Ranjith Sankar]]
| starring = [[Revathi]] [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]
| music = [[Anand Madhusoodanan]]
| cinematography = [[Sujith Vaassudev]]
| editing = [[Lijo Paul]]
| studio = Dreams N' Beyond
| distributor = August Cinema
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|9|14}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Molly Aunty Rocks!''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy film]] written, directed and produced by [[Ranjith Sankar]]. The film stars [[Revathi]] alongside [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] in an extended cameo appearance. It was released on 14 September 2012 and received positive reviews from critics and audiences alike.<ref name="Revathy and Prithviraj in 'Molly Aunty Rocks'">{{cite web|title=Revathy and Prithviraj in 'Molly Aunty Rocks'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/revathy-and-prithviraj-in-molly-aunty-rocks/267640-71-216.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711024805/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/revathy-and-prithviraj-in-molly-aunty-rocks/267640-71-216.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-11|publisher=ibnlive.in.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Molly is an unstoppable woman, who will do only what she feels is right. Molly's world is unique and she is its unquestioned queen. Pranav, an Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax is an egoistic bureaucrat of the [[Indian Revenue Service]], who wants his system and power to rule over the subjects. When both of them clash, sparks fly and egos would not relent. Will Molly rock or will Pranav get her locked?

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Revathi]] as Molly Aunty
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Pranav Roy (special appearance)
* [[Lalu Alex]] as Benny
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha|K.P.A.C. Lalitha]]
* [[Mamukkoya]] as Salim
* [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]] as Ravi
* Sharath as Kochachan
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as Menon
* [[Sunil Sukhada]] as Shamsudheen
* Lakshmi Priya as Usha
* Rajesh Hebbar as Sunny
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
}}

==Release and reception==
The film released on 14 September 2012 got a positive reception. Sify rated the film as very good and praised Revathy for her performance. Sify says "Molly Aunty Rocks is a gripping and engaging tale of a woman, who is well aware about what she wants from life. She is egoistic but her thoughts are noble". Sify gives the verdict "Go for it. Good".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/molly-aunty-rocks-review-malayalam-15007745.html |title=Movie Review : Molly Aunty Rocks |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625033139/http://www.sify.com/movies/molly-aunty-rocks-review-malayalam-15007745.html |archive-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Paresh C Palicha on [[Rediff.com]] rates it 3/5 and says "Molly Aunty really Rocks". He says in his review "Hats off to writer-director Ranjit Sankar who has made a superhero out of Revathy. She hogs the limelight here in a way she has not done in the prime of her career.Revathy plays the part with dignity and grace. She remains likeable throughout because of the control she keeps and the special effort that the director has made to keep her a genuine person and not make her an oddity.Director Ranjit Sankar and Revathy make Molly Aunty rock."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-molly-aunty-really-rocks/20120917.htm | title=Review: Molly Aunty really Rocks | date=17 September 2012 | publisher=Rediff | first=Paresh C | last=Palicha | access-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> However, IBNLive termed the movie as average.<ref>http://ibnlive.in.com/...review-molly-aunty-rocks-is.../292443-71-212.html {{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Aswin J Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' was also not impressed with the film and gave it a rating of 2/5.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/movie-reviews/Molly-Aunty-Rocks/movie-review/16432786.cms|title = Molly Aunty Rocks Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Molly Aunty Rocks by Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Sify.com updated the Box Office status of Molly Aunty Rocks as "Molly Aunty is a Winner at BO". It says in the article "Director Ranjith Sankar's Molly Aunty Rocks has gained the maximum response from the viewers, among the four Malayalam releases of last weekend. "The collections were average for the first two shows on Friday and things started looking better from the evening shows. Sunday was really great and things are looking absolutely bright right now," says Ranjith Sankar."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/molly-aunty-is-a-winner-at-bo-news-malayalam-mjtko5fbagh.html |title=sify.com |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=21 September 2012 |archive-date=20 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920085433/http://www.sify.com/movies/molly-aunty-is-a-winner-at-bo-news-malayalam-mjtko5fbagh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Accolades ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Revathi]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|2578334}}
{{Ranjith Sankar}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ranjith Sankar]]

Aparajita Auddy

2026-04-07T14:20:50Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Basic Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|Bengali Actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aparajita Adhya
| image = Aparajita Auddy (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Aparajita Adhya
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|02|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Jol Nupur]], [[Bela Seshe]], [[Praktan]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1997{{endash}}present
| father = Bijon Kumar Adhya
| mother = Tripti Adhya
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Atanu Hazra]]|1997}}<ref name="indiatimes1"/>
| children =
}}
'''Aparajita Adhya'''<ref name="Her first car">{{cite web |title=Her first car |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060624/asp/weekend/story_6358359.asp |publisher=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |accessdate=14 December 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820234810/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1060624/asp/weekend/story_6358359.asp |archivedate=20 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (born {{circa|1978}})<ref name="indiatimes1">{{Cite web |title='Rannaghar' host Aparajita Auddy and hubby Atanu Hazra celebrate 22 years of togetherness |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/rannaghar-host-aparajita-auddy-and-hubby-atanu-hazra-celebrate-22-years-of-togetherness/articleshow/70393439.cms |date=2019-07-26 |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress who works primarily in the Bengali film and television industry.She achieved popularity after starring in the film [[Praktan]].

She has been an actress for many years. In 1997 she met her husband, Atanu Hazra, who was assisting at a shoot. They married despite her family's disapproval.<ref name="indiatimes1"/>

She has been nominated for an acting award<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Joy Filmfare Awards Bangla 2021: 5 Bengali divas in contention for the best female actor in lead role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/joy-filmfare-awards-bangla-2021-5-bengali-divas-in-contention-for-the-best-female-actor-in-lead-role/photostory/90286242.cms |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and she stars in the TV show ''[[Lokkhi Kakima Superstar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangla |first=TV9 |date=2022-01-22 |title=Aparajita Adhya: স্বামী উদাসীন, একার আয়ে সংসার চালানো অপরাজিতাই আসল 'লক্ষ্মী' |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/television/aparajita-adhya-to-be-seen-in-a-new-bengali-serial-laxmi-kakima-superstar-499334.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> She is a Vice President of the "West Bengal Motion Picture Artists' Forum"<ref>{{cite news |title=Artist Forum: আর্টিস্ট ফোরামের সভাপতি রঞ্জিত মল্লিক, কার্যনির্বাহী সভাপতি জিৎ|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/west-bengal-motion-picture-artists-forum-gets-new-committee-with-ranjit-mallick-as-the-new-president-dgtl/cid/1322712 |access-date=19 August 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=9 January 2022|quote=ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল মোশন পিকচার্স আর্টিস্টস ফোরামের নতুন সভাপতি নির্বাচিত হলেন প্রবীণ অভিনেতা রঞ্জিত মল্লিক। কার্যনির্বাহী সভাপতি জিৎ। সহ-সভাপতি পদে রইলেন পাঁচ শিল্পী— সব্যসাচী চক্রবর্তী, সুমন্ত মুখোপাধ্যায়, কৌশিক সেন, অপরাজিতা আঢ্য এবং ভরত কল। সাধারণ সম্পাদকের পদ পেয়েছেন শান্তিলাল মুখোপাধ্যায়। যুগ্ম সম্পাদক পদে দিগন্ত বাগচীর সঙ্গে নতুন সংযোজন অঙ্কুশ হাজরা।
}}</ref> along with fellow actors [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]], [[Kaushik Sen]], [[Bharat Kaul]] and Sumanta Mukherjee.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Director
|- 1998 Ranakhetra Haranath Chakraborty
|2025
|''Bansara''
|Atiul islam
|-
|rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Eta Amader Golpo]]''
|[[Manasi Sinha]]
|-
|5 No Swapnamay Lane
|[[Manasi Sinha]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Bogla Mama Jug Jug Jiyo]]''
|Dhrubo Banerjee
|-
|''[[Mon Kharap]]''
|[[Pavel (film director)|Pavel]]
|-
|''[[Cheeni 2]]''
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|-
|''[[Love Marriage (2023 film)|Love Marriage]]''
|Premendu Bikash Chaki
|-
|''[[Dilkhush]]''
|Rahool Mukherjee
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''[[Kothamrito]]''
|Jiit Chakraborty
|-
|''[[Kolkata Chalantika]]''
|[[Pavel (film director)|Pavel]]
|-
|''[[Bismillah (film)|Bismillah]]''
|[[Indraadip Dasgupta]]
|-
| ''[[Belashuru]]''|| [[Nandita Roy]] & [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
|-
|2021
| ''[[Ekannoborti]]''
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|-
| 2020 || ''Cheeni'' <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/mainak-bhaumik-all-praise-for-aparajita-adhya/articleshow/79604414.cms |title=Moinak Bhaumik all praise for Aparajita Adhya |work=The Times of India}}</ref>|| [[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''Ke Tumi Nandini'' || Pathikrit Basu
|-
| ''[[Mukherjee Dar Bou]]'' || Pritha Chakraborty
|-
| rowspan="8" |2018
|''[[Rosogolla (film)|Rosogolla]]''
|[[Pavel (film director)|Pavel]]
|-
| ''[[Haami]]'' || [[Nandita Roy]] and [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
|-
| ''Dhanbad Blues'' || Hoichoi Originals
|-
| ''[[Generation Ami]]'' || [[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|-
| ''[[Kishore Kumar Junior]]'' || [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
| ''Oskar'' || Partha Sarathi Manna
|-
| ''[[Maati (film)|Maati]]'' || [[Leena Gangopadhyay]] & Saibal Banerjee
|-
| ''[[Noor Jahaan]]''<ref>{{cite news |author=DEBOLINA SEN |title=NOOR JAHAN MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/noor-jahan/movie-review/63065003.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 February 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> || Abhimanyu Mukherjee
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2017 || ''[[Projapoti Biskut]]'' || [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
|-
|''[[Samantaral]]'' || Partha Chakraborty
|-
| ''[[Nabab]]'' || [[Joydeep Mukherjee]]
|-
| ''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''|| Akshay Roy
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Praktan]]''|| [[Nandita Roy]] &[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 || ''[[Bela Seshe]]''|| [[Nandita Roy]] &[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
|-
| ''[[Open Tee Bioscope]]''|| [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Goynar Baksho]]'' || [[Aparna Sen]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012 || ''[[Chupkatha]]'' || Souvick Sarkar, Dipankar
|-
| ''[[Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish]]'' || [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
|-
| ''[[Laptop (2012 film)|Laptop]]'' || [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Madly Bangalee]]'' || [[Anjan Dutt]]
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Bajimaat]]'' || [[Haranath Chakraborty]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Mahulbanir Sereng]]'' || [[Sekhar Das]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003 || ''Ke Apon Ke Par'' || Bappa Banerjee
|-
| ''[[Shubho Mahurat]]'' || [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
|-
| 2001 || ''Ebong Tumi Aar Ami'' || Goutam Basu
|-
| 1998 || ''Shimul Parul''|| rowspan="2" | [[Swapan Saha]]
|-
|-1998 || ''Ranakhetra'' ||
|1997
|''[[Moner Manush (1997 film)|Moner Manush]]''
|}

==Television==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Channel
! Character
|-
|1999–2005
|''[[Ek Akasher Niche]]''
| rowspan="5" |[[Zee Bangla]]
|Minu
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|''Beauty Parlour''
|
|-
|''Iskaboner Bibi''
|
|-
|''Priyotama''
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Neel Seemana]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003 ||''Taka Na Sona''||[[Tara TV]]|| Host
|-
|''Tamasa Rekha''
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|Supporting role
|-
|''Shudhu Tomari Jonyo''
|[[ETV Bangla]]
|Episodic role
|-
|2005
|''Bishprantar''
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|Lead role
|-
|2008–2010
|''Kurukshetra''
|[[Akash Aath]]
|Ananya / Anu (lead role)
|-
| 2010–2011 || ''[[Gaaner Oparey]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]]|| Rani
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011–2012 || ''[[Adwitiya]]'' || Monimala / Monima
|-
| ''[[Kanakanjali (TV series)|Kanakanjali]]'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Pratima Chowdhury
|-
| 2012 || ''Rannabati Galgoppo Bhoj''|| [[Sananda TV]] || Host
|-
| 2011–2014 || ''[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Pratima Roy Chowdhury
|-
| 2014–2015 || ''Sera Bouthan'' || [[ETV Bangla]] || Host
|-
| 2013–2015 || ''[[Jol Nupur]]'' || rowspan="3" | [[Star Jalsha]] || Aparajita / Pari / Ranga pishi
|-
| 2014–2015 || ''Chokher Tara Tui'' || Aparupa
|-
| 2015-2017 || ''[[Punyi Pukur]]'' || Radharani Banerjee
|-
| 2016 || ''Rannaghore Rockstar Season 2''|| [[Colors Bangla]] || Host
|-
| 2017-2018 || ''[[Sanyashi Raja]]'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Indubala
|-
| 2018-2020 || ''[[Rannaghor]]'' || [[Zee Bangla]] || Host
|-
| 2020-2021 || ''Rannabanna'' || [[Star Jalsha]] || Host
|-
| 2022-2023 || ''[[Lokkhi Kakima Superstar (TV Series)|Lokkhi Kakima Superstar]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Zee Bangla]] || Lokkhi Das (Lead role)<ref>{{cite news |title=Aparajita Adhya: স্বামী উদাসীন, একার আয়ে সংসার চালানো অপরাজিতাই আসল 'লক্ষ্মী' |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/television/aparajita-adhya-to-be-seen-in-a-new-bengali-serial-laxmi-kakima-superstar-499334.html |work=TV9 Bangla |date=22 January 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023- 2024 || ''[[Ghore Ghore Zee Bangla]]'' || Host
|-
|''Jol Thoi Thoi Bhalobasha''
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|Kojagori Basu (Lead role)
|}

== Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Character !! Film/TV show
|-
| 2012
|Zee Bangla Gourav Samman
|
| Protima
| [[Kanakanjali]]
|-
| 2013
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2013
| Priyo Maa
| Protima
|[[Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena]]
|-
| 2014
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2014
|
|
|
|-
| 2015
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2015
| Priyo Nonod
| Paari
|[[Jol Nupur]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016
|rowspan="2"|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2016
|Special Award in memory of Pijush Ganguly for [[Jol Nupur]]
| Paari
|[[Jol Nupur]]
|-
|Priyo Misti Somporko
|Radharani-Kakon
|[[Punyi Pukur]]
|-
|2016
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2016
|rowspan="2"|Priyo Sashuri
|rowspan="2"|Radharani
|rowspan="2"|[[Punyi Pukur]]
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2017
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2017
|-
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|WBFJA Awards]]
|''[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Supporting Actress]]''
|rowspan="2"| Malini
|rowspan="2"|[[Praktan]]
|-
|''[[2nd Filmfare Awards East|Filmfare Awards Bangla 2017]] ''
|''[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]''
|-
| 2018
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2018
|Priyo Misti Somporko
|Indubala-Bimboboti
|[[Sanyashi Raja]]
|-
| 2019
|Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2019
|rowspan="2"| Priyo Sodosyo
|rowspan="2"| Host
|rowspan="2"|[[Rannaghor]]
|-
| 2020
|Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2020
|-
| 2021
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2021
| Favourite Style Icon Female (Non-Fiction)
| Host
|Ranna Banna
|-
|rowspan="5"| 2022
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
|''[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]''
|rowspan="3"| Mishti
|rowspan="3"| Cheeni
|-
|[[5th Filmfare Awards Bangla|Filmfare Awards Bangla 2022]]
|''[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]''
|-
|19th Tele Cine Awards
|Best Sipporting Actor Female
|-
|Anandalok Puraskar
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role
| Malini
| ''[[Ekannoborti]]''
|-
|Telly Adda Awards 2022
|''Versatile Actress''
|[[Lokkhi Kakima Superstar]]
|Lokkji
|-
| 2023
|Zee Bangla Sonar Sansar 2023
| Priyo Sodosyo
| Host
|[[Ghore Ghore Zee Bangla]]
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2024
|rowspan="2"|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards 2024
|Priyo Maa
|rowspan="2"| Kojagori
|rowspan="2"|Jol Thoi Thoi Bhalobasha
|-
| Jolshar Mojadar Sodossya
|-
|BFTA Award
|Best Actress in Comic Role
| Mishti
| Cheeni 2
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commons-inline}}
* {{IMDb name|3533508}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Auddy, Aparajita}}
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards East winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards Bangla winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Ashok Kumar Kansal

2026-04-04T03:30:33Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Some Bio V1.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ashok Kumar Kansal
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Muzaffarnagar (Assembly constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]]
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2007
| term_end = 2012
| predecessor = [[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
| successor = [[Chitranjan Swaroop]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1958|08|01}}
| birth_place = [[Muzaffarnagar district]], Uttar Pradesh
| death_date =
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| citizenship = India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
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| profession = Business, politician
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'''Ashok Kumar Kansal''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] of India. He represented the [[Muzaffarnagar (Assembly constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]] constituency of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=death>{{cite news|title= Member Profile|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|accessdate=1 July 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/14.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=1 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kansal, Ashok Kumar}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffargarh District]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Fauna of India

2026-03-28T01:55:17Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: general added structure per standard format and improved wording

{{Short description|Native animals of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
[[File:Bengal Tiger looking at us in Jim Corbett National Park.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Bengal tiger]]]]
[[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|[[Indian elephant]]|thumb]]
{{Wildlife of India}}

[[India]] is the world's 8th most [[biodiversity|biodiverse]] region with a 0.46 BioD score on [[diversity index]], 102,718 species of fauna and 23.39% of the nation's geographical area under forest and tree cover in 2020.<ref name=bod1/> India encompasses a wide range of biomes: desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago. Officially, four out of the 36 [[Biodiversity Hotspots]] in the world are present in India: the [[Himalayas]], the [[Western Ghats]], the [[Indo-Burma]] and the [[Nicobar Islands]]. To these may be added the [[Sundarbans]] and the Terrai-Duar Savannah grasslands for their unique foliage and animal species.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/children/wild-wonderlands/article34686553.ece | title=Here's a look at 6 biodiversity hotspots of India | newspaper=The Hindu | date=31 May 2021 | last1=Bagli | first1=Katie }}</ref>
These hotspots have numerous [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] species.<ref name="TERI website">[http://www.teriin.org/biodiv/hotspot.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109182255/http://www.teriin.org/biodiv/hotspot.htm|date=9 November 2005}}</ref> Nearly 5% of India's total area is formally classified under [[Protected areas of India|protected areas]] .

India, for the most part, lies within the [[Indomalayan realm]], with the upper reaches of the [[Himalayas]] forming part of the [[Palearctic realm]]; the contours of 2000 to 2500m are considered to be the altitudinal boundary between the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic zones. India displays significant [[biodiversity]]. One of seventeen [[megadiverse countries]], it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all [[bird|avian]], 6.2% of all [[reptile|reptilian]], 4.4% of all [[amphibian]] and 11.7% of all fish.

The region is also heavily influenced by [[Monsoon|summer monsoon]]s that cause major seasonal changes in vegetation and habitat.
India forms a large part of the [[Indomalaya]]n biogeographical zone and many of the floral and faunal forms show Malayan affinities with only a few [[taxa]] being unique to the Indian region. The unique forms include the snake family [[Uropeltidae]] found only in the [[Western Ghats]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. Fossil taxa from the [[Cretaceous]] show links to the [[Seychelles]] and Madagascar chain of islands.<ref>Jean-Claude Rage (2003) Relationships of the Malagasy fauna during the Late Cretaceous: Northern or Southern routes? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(4):661-662 [http://app.pan.pl/acta48/app48-661.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214205519/http://app.pan.pl/acta48/app48-661.pdf |date=14 December 2004 }}</ref> The Cretaceous fauna include reptiles, amphibians and fishes and an extant species demonstrating this [[phylogeography|phylogeographical]] link is the [[purple frog]]. The separation of India and Madagascar is traditionally estimated to have taken place about 88 million years ago. However, there are suggestions that the links to Madagascar and Africa were present even at the time when the Indian subcontinent met Eurasia. India has been suggested as a ship for the movement of several African taxa into Asia. These taxa include five frog families (including the [[Myobatrachidae]]), three [[caecilian]] families, a [[lacertidae|lacertid]] lizard and freshwater snails of the family [[Pomatiopsidae]].<ref name="briggs">Briggs, JC (2003) The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. Journal of Biogeography, 30:381–388</ref> A thirty million-year-old [[Oligocene]]-era fossil tooth from the [[Bugti Hills]] of central Pakistan has been identified as from a lemur-like primate, prompting controversial suggestions that the lemurs may have originated in Asia.<ref>Marivaux L., Welcome J.-L., Antoine P-O., Métais G., Baloch I.M., Benammi M., Chaimanee Y., Ducrocq S., and Jaeger J.-J. (2001) A fossil lemur from the Oligocene of Pakistan. Science, 294: 587–591.</ref><ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1022_TVlemur.html Oligocene Lemur fossil hints at Asian origin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006135255/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1022_TVlemur.html |date=6 October 2017 }}. Retrieved February 2007.</ref> Lemur fossils from India in the past led to theories of a lost continent called [[Lemuria (continent)|Lemuria]]. This theory however was dismissed when [[continental drift]] and [[plate tectonic]]s became well established.

India is home to several well-known large mammals, including the [[Asian elephant]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[Asiatic lion]], [[Indian leopard]] and [[Indian rhinoceros]]. Some of these animals are engrained in Indian culture, often being associated with deities.
These large mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India, with several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries catering to these needs. The popularity of these charismatic animals has greatly helped conservation efforts in India. The tiger has been particularly important, and [[Project Tiger]], started in 1972, was a major effort to conserve the tiger and its habitats.<ref>[http://projecttiger.nic.in/ Project Tiger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211162057/http://projecttiger.nic.in/ |date=11 February 2016 }} Accessed Feb, 2007</ref> Project Elephant, though less known, started in 1992 and works for elephant protection.<ref>[http://envfor.nic.in/pe/pe.html Project Elephant] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119021317/http://www.envfor.nic.in/pe/pe.html |date=19 January 2007 }} Accessed Feb, 2007</ref> Most of India's rhinos today survive in the [[Kaziranga National Park]].

Some other well-known large Indian mammals are ungulates such as the [[Bubalus bubalis|water buffalo]], [[nilgai]], [[gaur]] and several species of deer and antelope. Some members of the dog family such as the [[Indian wolf]], [[Bengal fox]], [[golden jackal]] and the [[dhole]] or wild dogs are also widely distributed. It is also home to the [[striped hyena]]. Many smaller animals such as [[macaque]]s, [[langur]]s and [[mongoose]] species are especially well known due to their ability to live close to or inside urban areas.

The majority of conservation research attention on wildlife in India is focused within protected areas, though there is considerable wild fauna outside such reserves including in farmlands and in cities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prajapathi |first1=Utkarsh |last2=Koli |first2=Vijay K. |last3=Sundar |first3=K. S. Gopi |date=2021 |title=Vulnerable sloth bears are attracted to human food waste: a novel situation in Mount Abu town, India |journal=Oryx |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=699–707|doi=10.1017/S0030605320000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Choudaj |first1=Kiran |last2=Wankhade |first2=Varsha |date=2023 |title=Study of the interrelationship between woody plants and birds in Pune urban area, insights on negative impacts of exotic plants |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-022-00269-3 |journal=Tropical Ecology |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=264–275|doi=10.1007/s42965-022-00269-3 |bibcode=2023TrEco..64..264C |s2cid=252193648 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dhindsa |first1=Manjit S. |last2=Saini |first2=Harjeet K. |date=1994 |title=Agricultural ornithology: an Indian perspective |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703176 |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=391–402|doi=10.1007/BF02703176 |s2cid=19183508 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Fauna of India ==
{{see also | Indian natural history | Flora of India | Wildlife of India | Endangered Mammals of India | List of Indian state birds }}
{{Too many photos|date=February 2024}}
[[File:FAMILY TIME.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Asiatic lion]] pride]]
[[File:Greater one-horned rhinoceros at Chitwan.jpg|[[Indian rhinoceros]]|thumb]]
[[File:Gaur bull Kodaikanal "Biff".jpg|[[Gaur]]|thumb]]
[[File:Paonroue.JPG|[[Indian peafowl]]|thumb]]
[[File:Indian Cobra, crop.jpg|[[Indian cobra]]|thumb]]
[[File:ElephasGanesa.jpg|thumb|left|''Elephas ganesa'', a fossil elephant from the Siwaliks]]
[[File:Ophrysia superciliosa hm.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Illustration of a [[Himalayan quail]] from [[Allan Octavian Hume|A. O. Hume]]'s work. Last seen in 1876]]
[[File:Nilgiri langur.jpg|[[Nilgiri langur]]|thumb]]
[[File:Indian vulture on cliff.jpg|[[Indian vulture]]|thumb]]
[[File:RedPandaFullBody.JPG|[[Red panda]]|thumb]]
[[File:Lepidochelys olivacea.jpg|[[Olive ridley turtle]]|thumb]]

The [[Zoological Survey of India|Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)]], with its headquarters in [[Kolkata]] (the capital of [[West Bengal]]) and 16 regional stations, is responsible for surveying the faunal resources of India. Possessing a tremendous diversity of climate and physical conditions, India has a great variety of [[fauna]], numbering 89,451 species.

The mammals include the [[Indian elephant]], the [[gaur]] or erroneously the [[Gaur|Indian bison]] - the largest of existing [[Bovinae|bovines]], the great [[Indian rhinoceros]], and the [[wild water buffalo]]. [[Deer]] and [[Antelope|antelopes]] include the [[barasingha]], the [[sangai]], [[chital]], [[sambar deer]], [[Indian hog deer]], [[Himalayan musk deer]], [[Indian muntjac]], [[northern red muntjac]], [[Indian spotted chevrotain]], [[Kashmir stag]], [[Tibetan antelope]], [[blackbuck]], [[chausingha]], [[Goa (antelope)|goa]], [[Indian gazelle]], and [[nilgai]]. There are also wild donkeys like [[Indian wild ass]] and [[kiang]], and [[Caprinae|caprines]] like [[Bhutan takin]], [[Mishmi takin]], [[red serow]], [[Himalayan serow]], [[red goral]], [[Himalayan goral]], [[markhor]], [[Siberian ibex]], [[Nilgiri tahr]], [[Himalayan tahr]], [[urial]], [[argali]], and [[blue sheep]]. These [[Caprinae|caprines]] are generally found in the [[Himalayas]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Ladakh]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]], as well as the [[Dooars|Dooars forest]] and the [[Terai]] region, floodplains at the base of the [[Himalayas]]. A notable exception is the [[Nilgiri tahr]], which is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Nilgiri Hills]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. There are several big cats; the [[Asiatic lion]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[snow leopard]], [[clouded leopard]], [[Turkestan lynx]] and [[caracal]]. Lesser cat species include [[fishing cat]], [[Asiatic wildcat]], [[jungle cat]], [[Pallas's cat]], [[Bengal cat]], [[marbled cat]], [[Asian golden cat]], [[rusty-spotted cat]], and [[leopard cat]]. There are also canines such as [[Ussuri dhole]], [[Indian jackal]], [[Indian wolf]], [[Bengal fox]], [[Tibetan wolf]], and [[Tibetan fox]]. Another [[carnivore]] is the [[striped hyena]].

Several birds, like [[greater flamingos]], [[Brahminy duck]]s, [[white-breasted waterhen]], [[pheasant-tailed jacana]], [[Eurasian spoonbill]]s, [[lesser flamingo]]s, [[purple heron]]s, [[great egret|great]] and [[cattle egret]], [[Indian pond heron]]s, [[oriental magpie-robin]]s, [[Nicobar pigeon]]s, [[Indian myna]]s, [[Indian roller]]s, [[slaty-breasted rail]]s, [[greater coucal]]s, [[black-bellied tern]]s, [[Indian pitta]]s, [[Indian paradise flycatcher]]s, [[sarus crane]]s, [[Siberian crane]]s, [[demoiselle crane]]s, [[great hornbill]]s, [[rose-ringed parakeet]]s, [[vernal hanging parrot]]s, [[knob-billed duck]]s, [[painted stork]]s, and [[Asian openbill]]s are found in the various habitats of the country. The [[Indian peafowl]] is the national bird of India. [[Pheasant|Pheasants]] include [[red junglefowl]], [[grey junglefowl]], [[Himalayan monal]]s, [[satyr tragopan]]s, and [[kalij pheasant]]s; the [[great Indian bustard]] is also common in [[Grassland|grasslands]]. [[Bird of prey|Predatory birds]] include the [[Northern goshawk]], [[shikra]], [[black kite]], [[white-bellied sea eagle]], [[golden eagle]], [[peregrine falcon]], [[Indian vulture]], [[slender-billed vulture]], and [[white-backed vulture]]. The [[house crow]] and [[Indian jungle crow]] are some crow species in India. [[Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse]] is a [[sandgrouse]] found in India.

There are several species of small mammals in India. These include the [[Asian house shrew]], the [[northern hog badger|northern]] and [[greater hog badger]], the [[Chinese ferret-badger]], the [[honey badger]], the [[Indian pangolin]], and the [[Chinese pangolin]]. [[Arboreal locomotion|Arboreal]] small mammals include the [[Nilgiri marten]], [[small-toothed palm civet]], [[Asian palm civet]], [[small Indian civet]], [[large Indian civet]], [[binturong]], and [[red panda]]. The bears of India are [[sun bear]], [[sloth bear]], [[Himalayan black bear]], and [[Himalayan brown bear]].

There are also many [[Primate|primates]] in India. The [[ape]]s of India are the [[Gibbon|gibbons]]; [[western hoolock gibbon]] and [[eastern hoolock gibbon]]. [[Macaque|Macaques]] include [[rhesus macaque]], [[bonnet macaque]], [[lion-tailed macaque]], [[Northern pig-tailed macaque]], [[stump-tailed macaque]], [[Arunachal macaque]], [[white-cheeked macaque]] and [[Assamese macaque]] among others. The various species of [[Colobinae|langurs]] include [[purple-faced langur]], the [[Nilgiri langur]], the [[Gee's golden langur]] and [[capped langur]]. There is also the [[Phayre's leaf monkey]] and [[slender loris]]. The [[Suidae|suids]] in India are [[Indian boar]] and the critically endangered [[pygmy hog]]. There are [[Lagomorpha|lagomorphs]] like the critically endangered [[hispid hare]], the [[woolly hare]] and the [[black-naped hare]]. The [[Royle's pika]] and [[Himalayan marmot]] are some of the montane small mammals. There is also the large [[Malabar giant squirrel]], [[Indian palm squirrel]], [[Indian giant flying squirrel]], [[Indian gerbil]], porcupine species [[Indian crested porcupine]], and hedgehog species [[bare-bellied hedgehog]] and [[Indian hedgehog]]. Another predator in India is the [[spotted linsang]], a civet-like creature.

Many animals are domesticated in India, and seeing them in the streets of villages and even cities is common. Bovines include the [[zebu]], which descended from the extinct [[Indian aurochs]], the [[domestic water buffalo]], the [[gayal]], which is a domesticated gaur, and in the northern regions [[domestic yak]], which descended from the also native [[wild yak]]. [[Dromedary camel]] can be found in desert states like [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. [[Mongrel]] dogs are a common sight in most cities of India. Other small mammals found throughout urban areas are several species of mongoose, as well as the [[Himalayan mole]] and [[white-tailed mole]]. These mongoose species are [[ruddy mongoose]], [[Indian grey mongoose]], [[Indian brown mongoose]], [[small Indian mongoose]], [[stripe-necked mongoose]], and [[crab-eating mongoose]]. Smaller rodents include the [[little Indian field mouse]], [[house mouse]], [[flat-haired mouse]], the [[greater bandicoot rat|greater]] and [[lesser bandicoot rat]], [[black rat]], and [[Malabar spiny dormouse]]. There is a diverse array of bats, such as the [[Indian flying fox]], [[lesser short-nosed fruit bat]], [[Kolar leaf-nosed bat]], [[Indian roundleaf bat]], [[wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat]], and [[great woolly horseshoe bat]]. The [[desert locust]] is infamous for destroying crops.

Rivers and lakes harbour [[mugger crocodiles]] and [[gharials]]. The [[saltwater crocodile]] is found along the eastern coast and in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. A project for breeding crocodiles started in 1974, has been instrumental in saving the crocodile from extinction. Snakes include [[king cobra]], [[Indian cobra]], [[monocled cobra]], [[Indian rock python]], [[reticulated python]], [[Sri Lankan green vine snake]], [[Brahminy blind snake]], [[white-lipped pit viper]], [[Salazar's pit viper]], [[bamboo pit viper]], [[Russell's viper]], [[saw-scaled viper]] and [[Indian krait]], with aquatic species including [[beaked sea snake]], [[annulated sea snake]], [[yellow-bellied sea snake]], and [[yellow-lipped sea krait]]. The cobras are an important part of Indian culture. India's coasts are home to sea turtles; these include the [[leatherback sea turtle]], [[green sea turtle]], [[hawksbill sea turtle]], [[loggerhead sea turtle]], and [[olive ridley sea turtle]]. [[Indian softshell turtle]]s, [[Indian peacock softshell turtle]]s, [[red-crowned roofed turtle]]s, critically endangered [[northern river terrapin]]s, [[Indian pond terrapin]]s, [[Assam roofed turtle]]s, [[keeled box turtle]], [[tricarinate hill turtle]], [[Cochin forest cane turtle]], and [[Indian flapshell turtle]]s are found in mangrove vegetation, lagoons, and freshwater and brackish bodies. Tortoises include the [[Indian star tortoise]], [[Asian giant tortoise]], [[elongated tortoise]], and [[Travancore tortoise]]. The [[Asian water monitor]], [[desert monitor]], [[yellow monitor]], and [[Bengal monitor]] are the monitor lizards in India; there are also several gecko species, like the [[golden gecko]], [[common house gecko]], and [[Tokay gecko]], and the only chameleon, [[Indian chameleon]]. Other lizards range from [[garden lizard]]s, [[Sitana ponticeriana| Pondichéry fan-throated lizard]]s, and [[spiny-tailed lizard]]s to [[Kashmir rock agama]]s, [[Haridwar agama]]s, and [[Monilesaurus rouxii|Roux's forest calotes]].

Frogs include [[purple frog]], [[Chunam tree frog]], [[Malabar gliding frog]], [[Indian balloon frog]], [[Melanobatrachus|Indian black microhylid frog]], [[Minervarya agricola|common Indian cricket frog]], [[Hoplobatrachus tigerinus|Indus Valley bullfrog]], and [[Indian green frog]], alongside toad species such as [[Duttaphrynus melanostictus|Asian common toad]], [[marbled toad]], [[Amboli toad]], and [[Malabar torrent toad]]. A notable newt is the [[Himalayan newt]]; it is the only salamander in India. There are also caecilian species, like the [[yellow-striped caecilian]] and [[Bombay caecilian]].

Fish are a major part of the Indian economy. The fish include [[tilapia]], [[Atlantic pomfret]], [[hilsa]], [[barramundi]], [[rohu]], [[largetooth sawfish]], [[Pearse's mudskipper]], [[giant oceanic manta ray]], [[leopard torpedo]], among thousands of others. Hilsa and barramundi are important in the [[fishing in India|fishing industry]] of India, especially in [[West Bengal]], as are [[Sperata aor|long-whiskered catfish]], [[reba carp]], [[Chitala chitala|Indian knifefish]], [[bronze featherback]], [[Sardinella fimbriata|fringescale sardinella]], [[Eleutheronema tetradactylum|fourfinger threadfin]], [[catla]], [[Anabas testudineus|climbing perch]], [[Ailia coila|Gangetic ailia]], [[Gudusia chapra|Indian river shad]], [[Bombay duck]], [[Mola carplet]], [[walking catfish]], [[mrigal carp]], [[Planiliza parsia|goldspot mullet]], [[Peprilus paru|butterfish]], [[greenback mullet]], [[Ompok pabda|pabdah catfish]], [[swamp barb]], [[pool barb]], [[olive barb]], [[Heteropneustes fossilis|Asian stinging catfish]], [[Channa striata|striped snakehead]], [[Mystus gulio|long whiskers catfish]], and [[paradise threadfin]]. These also include sharks, such as [[pelagic thresher shark|pelagic]] and [[common thresher shark]]s, [[great white shark]], [[shortfin mako shark|shortfin]] and [[longfin mako shark]]s, [[scalloped hammerhead shark|scalloped]] and [[great hammerhead shark]]s, [[tiger shark]], and [[sand tiger shark]]. [[Bull sharks]] and [[Ganges shark]]s are also found in freshwater areas and brackish areas such as the [[Sundarbans National Park]], part of the world's largest mangrove forest, the [[Sundarbans]]. [[Common remora]] and [[white suckerfish]] are commonly found attached to these sharks. Coral reefs in India are rich in fish such as [[royal angelfish]], [[emperor angelfish]], [[Apolemichthys xanthurus|Indian yellowtail angelfish]], [[ocellaris clownfish]], [[tomato clownfish]], [[Clark's anemonefish]], [[powder blue tang]], [[pea puffer]], [[white-spotted puffer]], [[Chelonodontops patoca|milk-spotted pufferfish]], [[Chlorurus sordidus|daisy parrotfish]], [[Hipposcarus harid|longnose parrotfish]], [[Scarus ghobban|blue-barred parrotfish]], [[turkey moray]], [[giant moray]], [[Indian mud moray eel]], [[Chinese trumpetfish]], [[redtoothed triggerfish]], and [[Chaetodon falcula|blackwedged butterflyfish]].

Aquatic and coastal ecosystems are also home to invertebrates such as the [[Macrobrachium rosenbergii|giant river prawn]] and [[Penaeus monodon|giant tiger prawn]], as well as crabs such as [[coconut crab]], [[Ocypode macrocera|red ghost crab]], [[Tachypleus gigas|Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab]], [[mangrove horseshoe crab]], [[Scylla olivacea|orange mud crab]], [[Austruca perplexa|fiddler crab]], [[Portunus pelagicus|blue swimmer crab]], and [[Leptarma biju|tree-spider crab]], and lobsters such as the [[Panulirus polyphagus|mud spiny lobster]] and [[Thenus|flathead lobster]], alongside bivalves including the [[Atrina pectinata|fan mussel]], [[Pinctada margaritifera|black-lip pearl oyster]], [[Lepas anatifera|pelagic gooseneck barnacle]], and [[Villorita cyprinoides|black clam]].

Marine dolphins along the coast of India include [[bottlenose dolphin]], [[common dolphin]], [[spinner dolphin]], [[striped dolphin]], and [[pantropical spotted dolphin]] among others. [[Finless porpoise]] are found along the coast as well. The endangered [[Irrawaddy dolphin]] is found in freshwater areas, such as [[Chilika Lake]], alongside the [[Ganges river dolphin]] and [[Indus river dolphin]]. [[Blue whale]]s, [[humpback whale]]s, [[sperm whale]]s, [[dwarf sperm whale]]s, [[orca]]s, [[common minke whale]]s, [[Bryde's whale]]s, [[Cuvier's beaked whale]]s, and [[pygmy killer whale]]s are the most common whales. The semi-aquatic mammals in India are otters. The species of otters are [[Asian small-clawed otter]], [[Eurasian otter]], and [[smooth-coated otter]]. The increasingly endangered [[dugong]] is found throughout coastal estuaries and brackish water bodies.

A notable dragonfly is the [[Epiophlebia laidlawi|Himalayan relict dragonfly]]. India is also known for its butterflies, such as [[lesser grass blue]], [[common blue Apollo]], [[common mime]], [[Papilio polytes|common Mormon]], and [[common Pierrot]]. The [[orchid mantis]] is an iconic mantis found in the Western Ghats of India. [[Carausius morosus|Laboratory stick insect]]s and [[leaf insect]]s are found in abundance.

[[Stegodon]] elephants, ''[[Indosaurus]]'', ''[[Rajasaurus]]'', [[Himalayan quail]], and [[pink-headed duck]] are notable extinct animals from India. The Himalayan quail and pink-headed duck are only presumed extinct. However, there are other quails, such as [[rain quail]] in India, and the pink-headed duck's relative, the [[Indian spot-billed duck]].

Depletion of vegetative cover due to expansion of agriculture, [[habitat destruction]], over-exploitation, pollution, introduction of toxic imbalance in community structure, [[epidemic]]s, [[flood]]s, [[drought]]s, and [[cyclone]]s, contribute to the loss of flora and fauna. More than 39 species of mammals, 72 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, three species of amphibians, two species of fish, and a large number of butterflies, moths, and beetles are considered vulnerable and endangered.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hawk|first=Indian|date=2021|title=Fauna of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/profile/fauna.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819104719/http://knowindia.gov.in/profile/fauna.php|archive-date=19 August 2017|url-status=dead|website=Know India}}</ref>

==Biodiversity==
{{see also | Ecoregions in India }}

India is listed 12th among the [[Biosphere reserves of India|mega-biodiverse nations]] in the world with a BioD score of 0.46 on the [[diversity index]] ''"which is calculated by its percentage of species in each group relative to the total global number of species in each group"''. With 23.39% of its geographical area under forest and tree cover, India is rich in biodiversity. A 2020 faunal survey of India by the [[Zoological Survey of India]] (ZSI) reported a total of 102,718 species of fauna, with 557 new species including 407 newly described species and 150 new country records. Among the new finds, 486 species were invertebrates (mostly insects), and 71 were vertebrate species, mostly fishes and reptiles. New species were reported from [[Wildlife of Karnataka|Karnataka]] (66 species), [[Wildlife of Kerala|Kerala]] (51), [[Wildlife of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] (46) and [[List of protected areas of West Bengal|West Bengal]] (30). From 2010 to 2020, 4,112 species, including 2,800 new species and 1,312 new records, were added to the Indian fauna.<ref name=bod1>[https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/india-adds-557-new-species-to-its-fauna-zoological-survey-of-india/article36141615.ece India adds 557 new species to its fauna: Zoological Survey of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913071118/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/india-adds-557-new-species-to-its-fauna-zoological-survey-of-india/article36141615.ece |date=13 September 2021 }}, The Hindu, 27 Aug 2021.</ref>

There is insufficient information about the invertebrate fauna of India, with significant work having been done only in a few groups of insects, notably the [[butterfly|butterflies]], [[Odonata]] and [[Hymenoptera]], mostly in ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]'' series.

There are about 2,546 species of fishes (about 11% of the world species) found in Indian waters. About 197 species of amphibians (4.4% of the world total) and more than 408 reptile species (6% of the world total) are found in India. Among these groups the highest levels of endemism are found in the amphibians.

There are about 1361 species of birds recorded from India, with some variations, depending on taxonomic treatments, accounting for about 12% of the world species.<ref>[http://www.wcmc.org.uk/igcmc/main.html WCMC website] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011128135101/http://www.wcmc.org.uk/igcmc/main.html |date=28 November 2001 }}</ref>

There are about 410 species of mammals known from India, which is about 8.86% of the world species.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nameer |first=P. O. |date=1998 |title=Checklist of Indian mammals |publisher=Kerala Forest Department |place=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref>

India has the greatest number of cat species in the world.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VU69BAAAQBAJ|title=Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: General Background and Ecology of Vertebrates|last1=Sharma|first1=B. K.|last2=Kulshreshtha|first2=Seema|last3=Rahmani|first3=Asad R.|date=2013-09-14|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781461408000|page=482|language=en}}</ref>

The [[World Conservation Monitoring Centre]] gives an estimate of about 15,000 species of flowering plants in India.

==Biodiversity hotspots==

===The Western Ghats===
{{Main|Western Ghats}}
The Western Ghats are a chain of hills that run along the western edge of peninsular India. Their proximity to the ocean and through orographic effect, they receive high rainfall. These regions have [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|moist deciduous forest]] and [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests|rain forest]]. The region shows high species diversity as well as high levels of endemism. Nearly 77% of the amphibians and 62% of the reptile species found here are found nowhere else.<ref name="RJRD">Daniels, R. J. R. (2001) [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug102001/240.pdf Endemic fishes of the Western Ghats and the Satpura hypothesis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191139/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug102001/240.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}. Current Science 81(3):240-244</ref> The region shows biogeographical affinities to the [[Malay Peninsula|Malayan]] region, and the Satpura hypothesis proposed by [[Sunder Lal Hora]] suggests that the hill chains of Central India may have once formed a connection with the forests of northeastern India and into the Indo-Malayan region. Hora used torrent stream fishes to support the theory, but it was also suggested to hold for birds.<ref>Ripley, Dillon S. (1947) [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2405549 Avian relicts and double invasions in Peninsular India and Ceylon(Sri Lanka)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205125548/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2405549 |date=5 December 2022 }}. Evolution 2:150–159</ref> Later studies have suggested that Hora's original model species were a demonstration of [[convergent evolution]] rather than speciation by isolation.<ref name="RJRD"/>

More recent [[phylogeography|phylogeographic]] studies have attempted to study the problem using molecular approaches.<ref>Karanth, P. K. (2003) [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/nov102003/1276.pdf Evolution of disjunct distributions among wet-zone species of the Indian subcontinent: Testing various hypotheses using a phylogenetic approach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031243/https://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/nov102003/1276.pdf |date=16 December 2018 }} Current Science, 85(9): 1276-1283</ref> There are also differences in taxa which are dependent on time of divergence and geological history.<ref>Biswas, S. and Pawar S. S. (2006) [http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/mar2006/95.pdf Phylogenetic tests of distribution patterns in South Asia: towards an integrative approach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031527/https://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/mar2006/95.pdf |date=16 December 2018 }}; J. Biosci. 31 95–113</ref> Along with Sri Lanka this region also shows some fauna similarities with the Madagascan region especially in the reptiles and amphibians. Examples include the ''Sinophis'' snakes, the [[purple frog]] and Sri Lankan lizard genus ''[[Nessia]]'' which appears similar to the Madagascan genus ''[[Acontias]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pdn.ac.lk/socs/zaup/reptiles/affinities.html |title=affinities |access-date=30 August 2006 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051931/http://www.pdn.ac.lk/socs/zaup/reptiles/affinities.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Numerous floral links to the Madagascan region also exist.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Madagasc/biomad1.html |title=Bio geography of Madagascar |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-date=18 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118113039/http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Madagasc/biomad1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An alternate hypothesis that these taxa may have originally evolved out-of-India has also been suggested.<ref>Karanth, P. 2006 [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252006/789.pdf Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411223533/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252006/789.pdf |date=11 April 2019 }}. Current Science 90(6):789-792</ref>

Bio geographical quirks exist with some taxa of Malayan origin occurring in [[Sri Lanka]] but absent in the [[Western Ghats]]. These include insects groups such as the plants such as those of the genus ''[[Nepenthes]]''.

===The Eastern Himalayas===
The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing [[Bhutan]], [[northeastern India]], [[West Bengal]], and
southern, central and eastern [[Nepal]]. The region is geologically young and shows high altitudinal variation. It has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the one-horned rhinoceros (''[[Rhinoceros unicornis]]''), the [[Wild Asian water buffalo]] (''Bubalus bubalis (Arnee)'') and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species.<ref>[http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/where_we_work/eastern_himalayas/eastern_himalayas_info.xml Conservation International 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825232127/http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/where_we_work/eastern_himalayas/eastern_himalayas_info.xml |date=25 August 2006 }}</ref><ref>[http://assets.panda.org/downloads/final_ehimalayas_ep.pdf Ecosystem Profile: Eastern Himalayas Region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928092502/http://assets.panda.org/downloads/final_ehimalayas_ep.pdf |date=28 September 2011 }}, 2005</ref> The [[Dooars]] forest in the [[Terai]] is a biologically diverse area, with Himalayan biodiversity as well as tropical biodiversity. The relict dragonfly (''[[Epiophlebia laidlawi]]'') is an endangered species found here with the only other species in the genus being found in [[Japan]]. The region is also home to the Himalayan newt (''[[Tylototriton verrucosus]]''), the only [[salamander]] species found within Indian limits.<ref>[http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27738 Amphibian Species of the World - Desmognathus imitator Dunn, 1927] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233130/http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27738 |date=10 March 2007 }}</ref>

==Extinct and fossil forms==
During the early Tertiary period, the Indian tableland, what is today peninsular India, was a large island. Prior to becoming an island, it was connected to the African region. During the tertiary period, this island was separated from the Asian mainland by a shallow sea. The Himalayan region and the greater part of Tibet lay under this sea. The movement of the Indian subcontinent into the Asian landmass created the great Himalayan ranges and raised the sea bed into, what is today, the plains of northern India.

Once connected to the Asian mainland, many species moved into India. The Himalayas were created in several upheavals. The Siwaliks were formed at the last and the largest number of fossils of the Tertiary period are found in these ranges.<ref name="prater">Prater, S. H. (1971) The Book of Indian Animals. BNHS</ref>

The Siwalik fossils include [[mastodon]]s, [[hippopotamus]], [[rhinoceros]], [[sivatherium]], a large four-horned ruminant, [[giraffe]], [[horse]]s, [[camel]]s, [[Gaur|bison]], [[deer]], [[antelope]], [[gorilla]]s, [[pigs]], [[chimpanzee]]s, [[orangutan]]s, [[baboon]]s, [[langur]]s, [[macaque]]s, [[cheetah]]s, [[Saber tooth cat|sabre-toothed cats]], [[lion]]s, [[tiger]]s, [[sloth bear]], [[Aurochs]], [[leopard]]s, [[Gray wolf|wolves]], [[dhole]]s, [[porcupine]]s, [[rabbit]]s and a host of other [[mammal]]s.<ref name="prater"/>

Many fossil tree species have been found in the intertrappean beds,<ref>Stewart R. Hinsley [http://www.malvaceae.info/Fossil/Wood.html Notes on fossil wood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119185436/http://www.malvaceae.info/Fossil/Wood.html |date=19 November 2017 }}. Retrieved September 2006.</ref> including ''Grewioxylon'' from the Eocene and ''Heritieroxylon keralensis'' from the middle [[Miocene]] in Kerala and ''Heritieroxylon arunachalensis'' from the Mio-[[Pliocene]] of Arunachal Pradesh and at many other places. The discovery of ''[[Glossopteris]]'' fern fossils from India and Antarctica led to the discovery of Gondwanaland and led to the greater understanding of [[continental drift]]. Fossil ''[[Cycads]]''<ref>Robert Buckler (1999) A brief review of the fossil cycads. [http://www.plantapalm.com/vce/evolution/fossils.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224053853/http://www.plantapalm.com/vce/evolution/fossils.pdf |date=24 February 2012 }}</ref> are known from India while seven ''Cycad'' species continue to survive in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?region=ind |title=Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney, Australia |access-date=10 August 2006 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401122145/http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?region=ind |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Singh, Rita, P. Radha (2006) A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India. Volume 58(2):119-123</ref>

''[[Titanosaurus indicus]]'' was perhaps the first dinosaur discovered in India by [[Richard Lydekker]] in 1877 in the Narmada valley. This area has been one of the most important areas for paleontology in India. Another dinosaur known from India is ''[[Rajasaurus narmadensis]]'',<ref>Rajasaurus and Indian Dinosaur. Geological Survey of India. [http://www.gsi.gov.in/rajasaur.pdf PDF] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528000848/http://www.gsi.gov.in/rajasaur.pdf |date=28 May 2008 }}</ref> a heavy-bodied and stout carnivorous abelisaurid (theropod) dinosaur that inhabited the area near present-day Narmada river. It was 9 m in length and 3 m in height and somewhat horizontal in posture with a double-crested crown on the skull.

Some fossil snakes from the [[Cenozoic]] era are also known.<ref>Rage J.-C., Bajpai S., Thewissen J. G. M. & Tiwari B. N. 2003. Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae. Geodiversitas 25 (4) : 695-716 [http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/geodiv/g03n4a6.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221235530/http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/geodiv/g03n4a6.pdf |date=21 February 2012 }}</ref>

Some scientists have suggested that the Deccan lava flows and the gases produced were responsible for the global extinction of dinosaurs. However, these have been disputed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/11195/EGU05-J-11195-1.pdf |title=Floodvolcanism is the main cause of mass extinctions: Nice try, but where is the evidence? PDF |access-date=21 February 2006 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043641/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/11195/EGU05-J-11195-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/volcanism.htm Volcanism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504212202/http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/volcanism.htm|date=4 May 2006}}</ref>

''[[Himalayacetus subathuensis]]'', the oldest-known whale fossil of the family Protocetidae (Eocene), about 53.5 million years old was found in the Simla hills in the foothills of the Himalayas. This area was underwater (in the Tethys sea) during the Tertiary period (when India was an island off Asia). This whale may have been capable of living partly on land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/classification/Whalefossils.shtml |title=Whale fossils |access-date=21 February 2006 |archive-date=16 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216032339/https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/classification/Whalefossils.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Bajpai, S. and Gingerich P.D. (1998) A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:15464–15468 [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDFfiles/PDG344_himalayacetus_opt.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222060959/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDFfiles/PDG344_himalayacetus_opt.pdf |date=22 December 2005 }}</ref> Other fossil whales from India include ''Remingtonocetus'' approximately 43-46 million years old.

Several small mammal fossils have been recorded in the intertrappean beds, however larger mammals are mostly unknown. The only major primate fossils have been from the nearby region of Myanmar.

* See also [[Geology of India]]

===Recent extinctions===
The exploitation of land and forest resources by [[human]]s along with hunting and trapping for food and sport has led to the extinction of many species in India in recent times.{{citation needed|date=October 2010}}

Probably the first species to vanish during the time of the Indus Valley civilisation was the species of wild cattle, ''Bos primegenius nomadicus'' or the wild [[zebu]], which vanished from its range in the [[Indus]] valley and western India, possibly due to inter-breeding with domestic cattle and resultant fragmentation of wild populations due to loss of habitat.<ref name="IWH2">Rangarajan, M. (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=a89yMml_etQC&pg=PA4 India's Wildlife History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205125547/https://books.google.com/books?id=a89yMml_etQC&pg=PA4 |date=5 December 2022 }}, p. 4 {{ISBN|81-7824-140-4}}</ref>

Notable mammals which became or are presumed extinct within the country itself include the Indian / [[Asiatic cheetah]], [[Javan rhinoceros]] and [[Sumatran rhinoceros]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Vivek|last=Menon|title=A field guide to Indian mammals|publisher=Dorling Kindersley, Delhi|year=2003|isbn=0-14-302998-3}}</ref> While some of these large mammal species are confirmed extinct, there have been many smaller animal and plant species whose status is harder to determine. Many species have not been seen since their description.
''Hubbardia heptaneuron'', a species of grass that grew in the '''spray''' zone of the [[Jog Falls]] prior to the construction of the Linganamakki reservoir, was thought to be extinct but a few were rediscovered near Kolhapur.<ref>[https://archive.today/20030310045600/http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/news/ebulletin2002/ebulletindec02.html IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) E-Bulletin] - December 2002. Retrieved October 2006.</ref>

Some species of birds have gone extinct in recent times, including the [[pink-headed duck]] (''Rhodonessa caryophyllacea'') and the [[Himalayan quail]] (''Ophrysia superciliosa''). A species of warbler, ''[[Acrocephalus orinus]]'', known earlier from a single specimen collected by [[Allan Octavian Hume]] from near Rampur in [[Himachal Pradesh]] was rediscovered after 139 years in [[Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.rdb.or.id/detailbird.php?id=693 Threatened birds of Asia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013154616/http://www.rdb.or.id/detailbird.php?id=693 |date=13 October 2006 }}. Retrieved October 2006.</ref><ref>The Nation, [http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/03/07/headlines/headlines_30028700.php March 6, 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527090228/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/03/07/headlines/headlines_30028700.php |date=27 May 2007 }}</ref> Similarly, the [[Jerdon's courser]] (''Rhinoptilus bitorquatus''), named after the zoologist [[Thomas C. Jerdon]] who discovered it in 1848, was rediscovered in 1986 by Bharat Bhushan, an ornithologist at the [[Bombay Natural History Society]] after being thought to be [[extinct]].

==Species estimates==
[[File:Thumb strip india biodiv.jpg|thumb|100px|Glimpses of biodiversity]]
An estimate of the numbers of species by group in India is given below. This is based on Alfred, 1998.<ref>Alfred, J.R.B. (1998) [http://zsienvis.nic.in/newsletter/vol4%2520mar97.PDF Faunal Diversity in India: An Overview: In Faunal Diversity in India, i-viii] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410051128/http://zsienvis.nic.in/newsletter/vol4%20mar97.PDF |date=10 April 2009 }}, 1-495. (Editors. Alfred, JRB, et al., 1998). ENVIS Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.</ref>
{| cellspacing="0" border="1"
|-
| style="height:17px; width:262px; text-align:left;" | '''Taxonomic group'''
| style="width:125px; text-align:left;" | '''World species'''
| style="width:101px; text-align:left;" | '''Indian species'''
| style="width:66px; text-align:left;" | '''% in India'''
|-
| style="text-align:left; height:17px; background:silver;" | '''PROTISTA'''
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Protozoa
| style="text-align:right;" | 31250
| style="text-align:right;" | 2577
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.24
|-
| style="text-align:left; height:17px; background:silver;" | Total (Protista)
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 31250
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 2577
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 8.24
|-
| style="text-align:left; height:17px; background:silver;" | '''ANIMALIA'''
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
| style="text-align:left; background:silver;" | 
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Mesozoa
| style="text-align:right;" | 71
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 14.08
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Porifera
| style="text-align:right;" | 4562
| style="text-align:right;" | 486
| style="text-align:right;" | 10.65
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Cnidaria
| style="text-align:right;" | 9916
| style="text-align:right;" | 842
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.49
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Ctenophora
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Platyhelminthes
| style="text-align:right;" | 17500
| style="text-align:right;" | 1622
| style="text-align:right;" | 9.27
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Nemertinea
| style="text-align:right;" | 600
| align=left |

| align=left |
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Rotifera
| style="text-align:right;" | 2500
| style="text-align:right;" | 330
| style="text-align:right;" | 13.2
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Gastrotricha
| style="text-align:right;" | 3000
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.33
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Kinorhyncha
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Nematoda
| style="text-align:right;" | 30000
| style="text-align:right;" | 2850
| style="text-align:right;" | 9.5
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Nematomorpha
| style="text-align:right;" | 250
| align=left |

| align=left |
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Acanthocephala
| style="text-align:right;" | 800
| style="text-align:right;" | 229
| style="text-align:right;" | 28.62
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Sipuncula
| style="text-align:right;" | 145
| style="text-align:right;" | 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 24.14
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Mollusca
| style="text-align:right;" | 66535
| style="text-align:right;" | 5070
| style="text-align:right;" | 7.62
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Echiura
| style="text-align:right;" | 127
| style="text-align:right;" | 43
| style="text-align:right;" | 33.86
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Annelida
| style="text-align:right;" | 12700
| style="text-align:right;" | 840
| style="text-align:right;" | 6.61
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Onychophora
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| style="background:silver; height:17px; text-align:left;" | Arthropoda
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 987949
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 68389
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 6.9
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Crustacea
| style="text-align:right;" | 35534
| style="text-align:right;" | 2934
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.26
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Insecta
| align=left | 853000
| align=left | 53400
| style="text-align:right;" | 6.83
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Arachnida
| style="text-align:right;" | 73440
| align=left | 
| style="text-align:right;" | 7.9
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Pycnogonida
| style="text-align:right;" | 600
| align=left | 
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.67
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Pauropoda
| style="text-align:right;" | 360
| align=left |
| align=left | 
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Chilopoda
| style="text-align:right;" | 3000
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.33
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Diplopoda
| style="text-align:right;" | 7500
| style="text-align:right;" | 162
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.16
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Symphyla
| style="text-align:right;" | 120
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.33
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Xiphosura
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 50
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Phoronida
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 27.27
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)
| style="text-align:right;" | 4000
| style="text-align:right;" | 200
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Endoprocta
| style="text-align:right;" | 60
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 16.66
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Brachiopoda
| style="text-align:right;" | 300
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Pogonophora
| style="text-align:right;" | 80
| align=left |

| align=left |
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Praipulida
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| align=left |
| align=left | 
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Pentastomida
| style="text-align:right;" | 70
| align=left |

| align=left |
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Chaetognatha
| style="text-align:right;" | 111
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
| style="text-align:right;" | 27.02
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Tardigrada
| style="text-align:right;" | 514
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
| style="text-align:right;" | 5.83
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Echinodermata
| style="text-align:right;" | 6223
| style="text-align:right;" | 765
| style="text-align:right;" | 12.29
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Hemichordata
| style="text-align:right;" | 120
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Chordata
| style="text-align:right;" | 48451
| style="text-align:right;" | 4952
| style="text-align:right;" | 10.22
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Protochordata (Cephalochordata+Urochordata)
| style="text-align:right;" | 2106
| style="text-align:right;" | 119
| style="text-align:right;" | 5.65
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Pisces
| style="text-align:right;" | 21723
| style="text-align:right;" | 2546
| style="text-align:right;" | 11.72
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Amphibia
| style="text-align:right;" | 7533
| style="text-align:right;" |350
| style="text-align:right;" | 4.63
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Reptilia
| style="text-align:right;" | 5817
| style="text-align:right;" | 456
| style="text-align:right;" | 7.84
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Aves
| style="text-align:right;" | 9026
| style="text-align:right;" | 1232
| style="text-align:right;" | 13.66
|-
| style="height:17px; text-align:left;" | Mammalia
| style="text-align:right;" | 4629
| style="text-align:right;" | 390
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.42
|-
| style="text-align:left; height:17px; background:silver;" | Total (Animalia)
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 1196903
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 868741
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 7.25
|-
| style="text-align:left; height:17px; background:silver;" | Grand total (Protosticta+Animalia)
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 1228153
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 871318
| style="text-align:right; background:silver;" | 7.09
|}

==Taxonomic lists and indices==
[[File:Akwa18_puntius2.jpg|thumb|''[[Denison Barb]]'' is endemic to the [[Western Ghats]] region of India.]]
[[File:Praying mantis india.jpg|thumb|right|A [[praying mantis]]]]
[[File:Harpegnathos saltator fight.jpg|thumb|''[[Harpegnathos saltator]]'']]
[[File:BannerghattaBlackSpiderFr.jpg|thumb|An [[Idiopidae|Idiopid]] spider endemic to India]]

This section provides links to lists of species of various taxa found in India.

===Animals===

====Invertebrates====

* Molluscs
** [[List of non-marine molluscs of India]]
* Arachnids
**[[List of spiders of India|Spiders of India]]
* Insects
** Odonata
*** [[List of odonates of India|Dragonflies and damselflies of India]]
** Lepidoptera
*** [[List of butterflies of India|Butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)|Papilionid butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)|Pierid butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Nymphalidae)|Nymphalid butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)|Lycaenid butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)|Hesperid butterflies of India]]
**** [[List of butterflies of India (Riodinidae)|Riodinid butterflies of India]]
*** [[List of moths of India|Moths of India]]
** Hymenoptera
*** [[List of ants of India|Ants of India]]

====Vertebrates====
*[[List of fish in India|Fishes of India]]
*[[List of amphibians of India|Amphibians of India]]
*[[List of reptiles of South Asia|Reptiles of India]]
**[[List of snakes of South Asia|Snakes of India]]
*[[List of birds of South Asia|Birds of South Asia]]
*[[List of birds of India|Birds of India]]
*[[List of mammals of India|Mammals of India]]

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

* [[Ecoregions in India]]
** [[Endangered mammals of India]]
** [[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma|Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]
** [[Flora of India]]
** [[List of Indian state birds]]
** [[Wildlife of India]]
* Other related
** [[Indian natural history]]
** [[Endemic birds of South Asia]]
** [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
** [[India Nature Watch]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101222012410/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/species_database.html SPECIES CHECKLIST: Species Diversity in India]; ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database); [[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII)
* [http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=List_of_all_mammals_of_India_and_their_taxonomic_status Biodiversity of India: List of all mammals of India and their taxonomic status] based on data from the [http://www.ibin.co.in/ IBIN Portal], Encyclopedia of Life and Catalogue of Life 2010 checklist.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091227234702/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/database.html ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database)]; [[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII)
* [http://www.ecoheritage.cpreec.org/index.php ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sights of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195115/http://www.ecoheritage.cpreec.org/index.php |date=12 January 2019 }}; ENVIS; C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre is a Centre of Excellence of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Animals of India}}
* [http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/maps/biodivin.htm Tata Energy Research Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430135404/http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/maps/biodivin.htm |date=30 April 2018 }}
* [http://www.zeroextinction.org/search_form_country.cfm Alliance for Zero extinction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215055249/http://www.zeroextinction.org/search_form_country.cfm |date=15 December 2005 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060222165950/http://envis.nic.in/ffc.asp The official Indian Environment information site]
* [http://www.biodiversityofindia.org Biodiversity of India], a community-driven, Mediawiki based initiative to document the biodiversity of India.

{{Geography of India}}
{{Asia topic|Fauna of}}

[[Category:Fauna of India| ]]

2018 AIFF Super Cup

2026-03-21T22:04:03Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Initial Info W/ Sources.

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Super Cup
| year = 2018
| other_titles = Hero Super Cup
| image = Kalinga Stadium during ISL.jpg
| caption = [[Kalinga Stadium]] hosted the final on 20 April 2018
| image_size = 300px
| country = India
| venue = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
| dates = 15 – 16 Match (qualifiers) 31 March – 20 April (main competition)
| num_teams = 20
| defending champions =
| champions = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| count = 1
| runner-up = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| continentalcup1 =
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| matches = 19
| goals = 67
| attendance = 53969
| top goal scorer = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (6 goals)
| player = [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]]
| prevseason = [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|2016–17]] ([[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Indian football calendar for 2024-25 season announced |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2024-01-indian-football-calendar |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Khel Now |language=en}}</ref>
| nextseason = [[2019 Super Cup (India)|2019]]
| updated =
}}

The '''2018 AIFF Super Cup''', officially known as the '''2018 Hero Super Cup''' for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]] and the 39th season of the national [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]] [[association football|football]] competition in [[Football in India|India]]. The competition was sponsored by [[Hero MotoCorp]]. The Super Cup replaced the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] as the national knockout competition.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Indian football calendar for 2024-25 season announced |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2024-01-indian-football-calendar |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Khel Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hussain|first1=Sabi|title=Super Cup set to be a 16-team affair|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/super-cup-set-to-be-a-16-team-affair/articleshow/62629294.cms|access-date=12 March 2018|work=Times of India|date=24 January 2018|archive-date=9 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809123335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/super-cup-set-to-be-a-16-team-affair/articleshow/62629294.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The competition began with the qualifiers on 15 March 2018 and concluded with the final on 20 April 2018.<ref name="Draw">{{cite news|last1=Saharoy|first1=Shilarze|title=Chennaiyin to face Aizawl in Super Cup on March 31|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/chennaiyin-to-face-aizawl-in-super-cup-on-march-31/articleshow/63273453.cms|access-date=12 March 2018|work=Times of India|date=12 March 2018|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618022509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/chennaiyin-to-face-aizawl-in-super-cup-on-march-31/articleshow/63273453.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The entire tournament took place in the [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="Draw"/>

The competition featured teams from both the [[I-League]] and the [[Indian Super League]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|title=Inaugural Super Cup's final round from Mar 31-Apr 22: AIFF|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|access-date=19 February 2018|work=Times of India|date=19 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Both leagues contain 10 teams each; the top six teams from both qualified for the tournament automatically, while the bottom four sides contested in the qualifiers.<ref name="TOI"/>

[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] won the title by defeating [[East Bengal]] in the [[2018 Indian Super Cup final|final]].

==Teams==
A total of 16 teams are participating in the competition proper.<ref name="TOI"/> The top six teams from both the [[I-League]] and [[Indian Super League]] qualified for the Super Cup automatically while the bottom four sides have participated in the qualifiers.<ref name="TOI"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:; text-align:center;"
| style="width:25%;"| '''Qualification round''' (8 teams){{#tag:ref|Teams listed based on final position in either [[2017–18 I-League|I-League]] or [[2017–18 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]].|group="note"}}
| style="width:25%;"| '''Main competition''' (12 teams){{#tag:ref|Teams listed based on final position in either [[2017–18 I-League|I-League]] or [[2017–18 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]].|group="note"}}
|- valign="top"
|
;I-League
* [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
* [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
* [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
* [[Indian Arrows]]

;Indian Super League
* [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
* [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
* [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
* [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]

|
;I-League
* [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
* [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
* [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
* [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
* [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
* [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]

;Indian Super League
* [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
* [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
* [[FC Goa|Goa]]
* [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
* [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
* [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|}

==Schedule==
On 12 March 2018, the [[All India Football Federation]] announced the schedule and full format of the tournament.<ref name="Drew">{{cite news|title=Final Round of Hero Super Cup to Kick-off on March 31|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8798|access-date=12 March 2018|work=The All India Football Federation|date=12 March 2018|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313035821/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8798|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the participation of [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] and [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] in the [[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]], the schedule for the quarter-finals shall be decided at a later date.<ref name="Drew"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Phase
!Round
!Match dates
|-
|colspan=2|Qualification round
|15–16 March 2018
|-
|rowspan=4|Main tournament
|Round of 16
|31 March – 6 April 2018
|-
|Quarter-finals
|8–13 April 2018
|-
|Semi-finals
|16–17 April 2018
|-
|Final
|20 April 2018
|}

==Bracket==
<onlyinclude>{{32TeamBracket-Info
| paramstyle = numbered
|byes=1
|3rdplace=no
|widescore=yes
|RD1 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup#Qualification round|Qualification round]]
|RD2 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup#Round of 16|Round of 16]]
|RD3 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]
|RD4 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|RD5 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup Final|Final]]


|||||
|||||
|||||
|16 March|'''[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] ([[Overtime (sports)#Association football|a.e.t.]])'''|'''2'''|[[Indian Arrows]]|1
|||||
|||||
|||||
|16 March|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]|'''4'''|[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]|1
|15 March|[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]|1|'''[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] ([[Overtime (sports)#Association football|a.e.t.]])'''|'''2'''
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|15 March|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|0|'''[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]'''|'''2'''
|||||
|||||

|31 March|'''[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] ([[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pen.]])'''|'''2 (5)'''|[[Chennaiyin F.C.|Chennaiyin]]| 2 (3)
|5 April|'''[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]'''|'''2'''|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]|1
|2 April|[[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]|0 (4)|'''[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] ([[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pen.]])'''|'''0 (5)'''
|3 April|'''[[FC Goa|Goa]]'''|'''3'''|[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]|1
|1 April|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]|1|'''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''|'''2'''
|4 April|[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]|2|'''[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]'''|'''3'''
|1 April|'''[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]'''|'''2'''|[[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]|1
|6 April|'''[[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]'''|'''3'''|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|2

|8 April|[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]|0|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''1'''
|12 April|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]|1|'''[[FC Goa|Goa]]'''|'''5'''
|11 April|'''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''|'''3'''|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]|1
|13 April|'''[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]'''|'''3'''|[[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]|1

|16 April|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''|'''1'''|[[FC Goa|Goa]]|0
|17 April|[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|2|'''[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]'''|'''4'''

|20 April|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]|1|'''[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]'''|'''4'''

|||||
}}</onlyinclude>

==Qualification round==
After the conclusion of the [[2017–18 I-League|I-League]] and [[2017–18 Indian Super League|Indian Super League]] seasons, the [[All India Football Federation]] announced the draw for the qualification round of the Super Cup.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhubaneswar to host Super Cup|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhubaneswar-to-host-super-cup/articleshow/63223537.cms|access-date=12 March 2018|work=Times of India|date=8 March 2018|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808005147/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhubaneswar-to-host-super-cup/articleshow/63223537.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Football box
|id= "Delhi Dynamos vs. Churchill Brothers"
|date = 15 March 2018
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|score = 1–2
|aet= yes
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/churchill-brothers-defeat-delhi-dynamos-thanks-to-plazas-brace Report]
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 = [[Kalu Uche|Uche]] {{goal|6}}
|goals2 = [[Willis Plaza|Plaza]] {{goal|34||106}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 2,000 
|referee= [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "NorthEast United vs. Gokulam Kerala"
|date = 15 March 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/kisekka-fires-gokulam-kerala-to-a-win-over-northeast-united Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Henry Kisekka|Kisekka]] {{goal|43||74}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1,500 
|referee= Tejas Nagvenkar
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Mumbai City vs. Indian Arrows"
|date = 16 March 2018
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|score = 2–1
|aet= yes
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/mumbai-stall-arrows-brilliance-with-a-late-revival Report]
|team2 = [[Indian Arrows]]
|goals1 = [[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|90|pen.}} [[Éverton Santos|Santos]] {{goal|104}}
|goals2 = [[Rahul Praveen|Praveen]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 3,000 
|referee= Ajitkumar Lairenlakpam
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "ATK vs. Chennai City"
|date = 16 March 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|score = 4–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/atk-slot-four-past-hapless-chennai-city Report]
|team2 = [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|goals1 = [[Hitesh Sharma (footballer)|Sharma]] {{goal|37}} [[Zequinha (footballer, born 1987)|Zequinha]] {{goal|58}} [[Ashutosh Mehta|Mehta]] {{goal|76}} [[Robbie Keane|Keane]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2 = [[Jean-Michel Joachim|Joachim]] {{goal|45+7}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 3,000 
|referee=
}}

==Round of 16==
The [[All India Football Federation]] announced the draw for the round of 16 of the competition on 12 March 2018.<ref name="Drews">{{cite news|title=Super Cup Draw Announced, Final Round to Kick Off on March 31|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8798|access-date=12 March 2018|work=The All India Football Federation|date=12 March 2018|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313035821/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8798|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Football box
|id= "Chennaiyin vs. Aizawl"
|date = 31 March 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/aizawl-defeat-chennaiyin-5-3-on-penalties-to-secure-quarter-final-berth Report]
|team2 = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1 = [[Maílson Alves|Alves]] {{goal|89}} [[Dhanachandra Singh|D. Singh]] {{goal|114}}
|goals2 = [[Andrei Ionescu|Ionescu]] {{goal|22||91}}
|penaltyscore=3–5
| penalties1 =
* [[Bikramjit Singh|B. Singh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Rafi]] {{penmiss}}
* [[Dhanachandra Singh|D. Singh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Dhanpal Ganesh|Ganesh]] {{pengoal}}
| penalties2 =
* {{pengoal}} [[Andrei Ionescu|Ionescu]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Léonce Dodoz Zikahi|Dodoz]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Masih Saighani|Saighani]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Lalchhawnkima]]
* {{pengoal}} Lalmuankima
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 5,000 
|aet=yes
|referee= [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Bengaluru vs. Gokulam Kerala"
|date = 1 April 2018
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/bengaluru-break-gokulam-keralas-heart-to-enter-quarter-final Report]
|team2 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 = [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|69}} [[Udanta Singh|U. Singh]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2 = [[Henry Kisekka|Kisekka]] {{goal|33}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 4,233 
|referee= Tejas Nagvenkar
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Churchill Brothers vs. Mohun Bagan"
|date = 1 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/churchill-falter-in-front-of-dickas-brace-for-mohun-bagan Report]
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Willis Plaza|Plaza]] {{goal|30}}
|goals2 = [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda|Dipanda]] {{goal|45+3|pen.|70}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 8,120 
|referee= Venkatesh R
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Minerva Punjab vs. Jamshedpur"
|date = 2 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/jamshedpur-win-5-4-on-penalties-to-bid-minerva-goodbye Report]
|team2 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|penaltyscore=4–5
|penalties1=
* [[William Opoku|Opoku]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Guy Eric Dano|Dano]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Moinuddin Khan (footballer)|Khan]] {{penmiss}}
* [[Akashdeep Singh Kahlon|A. Singh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Kamalpreet Singh|K. Singh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Kiran Chemjong|Chemjong]] {{penmiss}}
* [[Bali Gagandeep|Gagandeep]] {{penmiss}}
|penalties2=
* {{pengoal}} [[Kervens Belfort|Belfort]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Wellington Priori|Priori]]
* {{penmiss}} [[Memo (footballer)|Memo]]
* {{pengoal}} [[André Bikey|Bikey]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Sumeet Passi|Passi]]
* {{penmiss}} [[Bikash Jairu|Jairu]]
* {{pengoal}} [[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]]
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 3,256 
|aet=yes
|referee= [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Goa vs. ATK"
|date = 3 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/goas-attacking-prowess-cost-atk-quarter-final-berth Report]
|team2 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|goals1 = [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] {{goal|45+1}} [[Hugo Boumous|Boumous]] {{goal|70}} [[Brandon Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|77}}
|goals2 = [[Robbie Keane|Keane]] {{goal|50}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 2,583 
|referee= [[Rowan Arumughan]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "Pune City vs. Shillong Lajong"
|date = 4 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|score = 2–3
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/shillong-lajongs-dramatic-comeback-stun-pune-city Report]
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1 = [[Jonatan Lucca|Lucca]] {{goal|17}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho]] {{goal|21}}
|goals2 = [[Abdoulaye Koffi|Koffi]] {{goal|29}} [[Rakesh Pradhan|Pradhan]] {{goal|61}} [[Samuel Lalmuanpuia|Lalmuanpuia]] {{goal|90+2|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 728 
|referee= [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "East Bengal vs. Mumbai City"
|date = 5 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/katsumi-al-amna-lead-east-bengals-charge-against-mumbai-city Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|22}}
|goals2 = [[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|26}} [[Mahmoud Amnah|Amnah]] {{goal|73}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 4,354 
|referee= Venkatesh R
}}
----
{{Football box
|id= "NEROCA vs. Kerala Blasters"
|date = 6 April 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/kerala-blasters-stunned-by-nerocas-12-minute-rampage Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Jean-Michel Joachim|Joachim]] {{goal|68}} [[Aryn Williams|Williams]] {{goal|79}} [[Felix Chidi Odili|Odili]] {{goal|81|pen.}}
|goals2 = [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]] {{goal|11}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni|Prasanth]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1,865
|referee= [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
}}

==Quarter-finals==
The dates for the quarter-final matches were scheduled to be announced at a later date to accommodate [[2018 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] commitments of [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] and [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]].<ref name="Drews"/> After [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] and [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] advanced to the quarter-finals, the following fixtures were confirmed for the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supercup.in/schedule-fixtures|title=Super Cup - Fixtures and Results|access-date=1 April 2018|archive-date=2 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101446/http://www.supercup.in/schedule-fixtures|url-status=live}}</ref> During the game between [[Jamshedpur FC]] and [[FC Goa]], six players (three each from both the teams) were [[sent off]] at the half-time for violent conduct.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/report/39wssqvs2kjik7nxlkw9hmmwa|title=Super Cup 2018: Red cards spoil the contest as five-star FC Goa thrash Jamshedpur|date=12 April 2018|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413043033/http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/report/39wssqvs2kjik7nxlkw9hmmwa|url-status=live}}</ref> In the games against [[NEROCA F.C.]], [[Sunil Chhetri]] scored the first hat-trick of the tournament.

{{Football box
|date = 8 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/raltes-injury-time-penalty-takes-east-bengal-to-the-semi-finals Report]
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Laldanmawia Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|90+6|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 3,286 
|referee= [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = 11 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/mohun-bagan-overcome-shillong-lajong-to-enter-semi-finals Report]
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1 =
* [[Sheikh Faiaz|Faiaz]] {{goal|12}}
* [[Nikhil Kadam|Kadam]] {{goal|22}}
* [[Akram Moghrabi|Moghrabi]] {{goal|59}}
|goals2 =
* [[Abdoulaye Koffi|Koffi]] {{goal|28}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 4,200 
|referee= [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = 12 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|score = 1–5
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/goa-score-five-past-hapless-jamshedpur Report]
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 =
* [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Biswas]] {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2 =
* [[Brandon Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|34}}
* [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] {{goal|69|pen.}}
* [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|M. Singh]] {{goal|77}}
* [[Hugo Boumous|Boumous]] {{goal|79||89}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1,200 
|referee= Venkatesh R
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = 13 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/chhetris-brilliance-breaks-nerocas-resistance Report]
|team2 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|goals1 =
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|12||55||90+4}}
|goals2 =
* [[Pritam Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{goal|45+3}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1,100 
|referee= Tejas Nagvenkar
}}

==Semi-finals==
The semi-finals were played on 16 April and 17 April 2018 at the [[Kalinga Stadium]].<ref name="Drews"/>

{{Football box
|date = 16 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/east-bengal-strike-late-to-trump-goa-to-the-final Report]
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 = [[Dudu Omagbemi|Dudu]] {{goal|78}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 4,200 
|referee= [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
}}
----
{{Football box
| date = 17 April 2018
| time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| round =
| event =
| team1 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| score = 2–4
| report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/10-men-bengaluru-sink-bagans-boat-to-enter-final Report]
| team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| goals1 =
* [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda|Dipanda]] {{goal|42||90+3}}
| goals2 =
* [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|62||65||88|pen.}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|90+1}}
| stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
| attendance = 3,600 
| referee = Tejas Nagvenkar
}}

==Final==
{{main|2018 Indian Super Cup final}}
The final was played on 20 April 2018 at the [[Kalinga Stadium]] and Bengaluru won the inaugural Super Cup by defeating East Bengal in the final.<ref name="Drews"/>

{{Football box
|date = 20 April 2018
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–4
|report = [https://www.supercup.in/news/bengaluru-humble-east-bengal-to-become-hero-super-cups-first-champions Report]
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 = [[Ansumana Kromah|Kromah]] {{goal|28}}
|goals2 = [[Rahul Bheke|Bheke]] {{goal|39}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|69|pen.|90+1}} [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|71}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 9,500
|referee= [[C. R. Srikrishna]] (Tamil Nadu)
}}

==Goalscorers==
;6 goals
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]] ([[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]])

;5 goals
* {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] ([[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]])

;4 goals
* {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Aser Pierrick Dipanda]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])

;3 goals
* {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hugo Boumous]] ([[FC Goa|Goa]])

;2 goals
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Andrei Ionescu]] ([[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]])
* {{flagicon|CIV}} [[Abdoulaye Koffi]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] ([[FC Goa|Goa]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Brandon Fernandes]] ([[FC Goa|Goa]])
{{div col end}}

;1 goal
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Robbie Keane]] ([[ATK (football club)|ATK]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Udanta Singh]] ([[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Bheke]] ([[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]])
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Maílson Alves]] ([[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhanachandra Singh]] ([[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]])
* {{flagicon|TRI}} [[Willis Plaza]] ([[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]])
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Katsumi Yusa]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|SYR}} [[Mahmoud Amnah]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Laldanmawia Ralte]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Ansumana Kromah]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir Singh]] ([[FC Goa|Goa]])
* {{flagicon|UGA}} [[Henry Kisekka]] ([[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]] ([[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]])
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]] ([[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]] ([[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sheikh Faiaz]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nikhil Kadam]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Akram Moghrabi]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Achille Emaná]] ([[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]])
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Michel Joachim]] ([[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]])
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aryn Williams]] ([[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]])
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Felix Chidi Odili]] ([[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pritam Singh (footballer)|Pritam Singh]] ([[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]])
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Jonatan Lucca]] ([[FC Pune City|Pune City]])
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho]] ([[FC Pune City|Pune City]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakesh Pradhan]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Samuel Lalmuanpuia]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[2017–18 I-League]]
* [[2017–18 Indian Super League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==External links==
* [http://www.supercup.in Official website]
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/tournaments-details.htm?tnmt_id=118 Super Cup on All India Football Federation website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313034934/https://www.the-aiff.com/tournaments-details.htm?tnmt_id=118 |date=13 March 2018 }}.

{{AIFF Super Cup}}
{{2017–18 in Indian football}}
{{2018 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2018 Super Cup}}
[[Category:2018 AIFF Super Cup| ]]
[[Category:AIFF Super Cup seasons]]
[[Category:2017–18 in Indian football|Super Cup]]
[[Category:2018 in Asian domestic association football cups]]

Bhramar Mukherjee

2026-03-21T19:02:01Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New A Stub W/ Refs.

{{Short description|Indian-American biostatistician, data scientist}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Bhramar Mukherjee
| image = Bhramar_Mukherjee.jpg
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| occupation = [[Biostatistician]], [[data scientist]], professor and researcher.
| title = Anna MR Lauder Professor of Biostatistics
| alma_mater =
[Scottish Church College]https://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/ 
[[Presidency College Calcutta|Presidency College]] ([[BSc]]) [[Indian Statistical Institute]] (M.Stat) [[Purdue University]] ([[M.S.|MS]], [[PhD]])
| thesis_title = Optimal designs for estimating the path of a stochastic process.
| thesis_url = https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI3043760/
| thesis_year = 2001
| doctoral_advisor = William J. Studden
| workplaces = [[University of Michigan]] [[Yale University]]
}}
'''Bhramar Mukherjee''' is an [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] [[biostatistician]], [[data scientist]], professor and researcher. She is the Anna MR Lauder Professor of Biostatistics at [[Yale University]].

Mukherjee's research has been focused on the development and application of statistical methods in [[epidemiology]], [[environmental health]] and [[Predictive medicine|disease risk assessment]].

Mukherjee is a fellow of the [[American Statistical Association]], the [[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]] and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. She is an elected member of the [[International Statistical Institute]] and the [[National Academy of Medicine]].

== Education ==
Mukherjee was born and raised in [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. She received her B.Sc. in statistics from [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in Kolkata in 1994 and her M. Stat from [[Indian Statistical Institute]] in 1996. In the late 1990s, she moved to the United States, where she received her M.S. in mathematical statistics in 1999 and then her Ph.D. in statistics in 2001, both from [[Purdue University]].<ref name=YALE>{{cite web|url=https://ysph.yale.edu/profile/bhramar-mukherjee/|title=Bhramar Mukherjee, Ph.D, MS.|website=Yale University|access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
After completing her Ph.D., Mukherjee joined [[University of Florida]] as an assistant professor of Statistics and taught there until 2006, when she left to join the University of Michigan as the John G. Searle Assistant Professorship. She became associate professor in 2009, full professor in 2013 and was awarded the John D. Kalbfleisch Collegiate Professorship at the University of Michigan in 2015. She was appointed the associate chair of Department of Biostatistics at University of Michigan in 2014 and became the first woman chair of the department in 2018.<ref name=HARV>{{cite web|url=https://hsph.harvard.edu/biostatistics/news/dr-bhramar-mukherjee-to-receive-the-2024-marvin-zelen-leadership-award/|title=Dr. Bhramar Mukherjee to Receive the 2024 Marvin Zelen Leadership Award!|website=Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|date=25 March 2024 |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>

In 2016, Mukherjee was appointed the associate director of cancer control and population studies at University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theindianpanorama.news/unitedstates/indian-origin-researcher-to-lead-us-universitys-cancer-centre/|title=Indian-Origin Researcher to lead US University's Cancer Centre|website=The Indian Panorama|date=4 December 2015 |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> She became the newly appointed associate director for Quantitative Data Sciences in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sph.umich.edu/news/2024posts/bhramar-mukherjee-to-lead-data-science-and-data-equity-at-yale-school-of-public-health.html|title=Bhramar Mukherjee to Lead Data Science and Data Equity at Yale School of Public Health|website=University of Michigan School of Public Health|access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>

In 2024, Mukherjee left University of Michigan to join Yale University, where she was appointed the Anna MR Lauder Professor of Biostatistics and the inaugural Senior Associate Dean of Public Health Data Science and Data Equity at the [[Yale School of Public Health]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/award-winning-statistician-joins-yale-school-of-public-health-leadership/|title=Award-Winning Statistician Joins Yale School of Public Health Leadership|website=Yale School of Public Health|access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>

Mukherjee was announced as president-elect for Eastern North American Region (ENAR) of the [[International Biometric Society]] (IBS) in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/bhramar-mukherjee-selected-as-enar-president-elect/|title=Bhramar Mukherjee Selected as ENAR President-Elect|website=Yale School of Medicine|access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>

== Research and work ==
Mukherjee's research has primarily focused on the development and application of statistical methods in epidemiology, analysis of observational data and disease risk assessment.<ref name=HARV/>

One of the focal points of Mukherjee's research is to understand how the interaction between genes and environment increases or decreases cancer risk. In this area, she has studied how lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity coupled with the genetic makeup of an individual impact their cancer risk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/files/illuminate-big-data-and-cancer.pdf|title=Cancer Bytes – How U-M researchers are using big data to transform cancer care|access-date=2 June 2025|website=Rogel Cancer Center}}</ref> In 2018, Mukherjee and her colleagues conducted a phenome-wide association study to see if the [[Polygenic score|polygenic risk scores]] for different cancers are associated with multiple [[phenotype]]s. Their study showed that polygenic risk scores can help in stratifying the risk of different cancers in patients.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.genengnews.com/insights/polygenic-risk-scores-show-utility-for-stratifying-disease-risk/|title=Polygenic Risk Scores Show Utility for Stratifying Disease Risk|date=21 February 2018 }}</ref>

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mukherjee and her study team worked on modeling the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/it-is-the-coronavirus-that-is-killing-the-economy-not-just-the-lockdown-says-prof-bhramar-mukherjee/articleshow/76914246.cms|title=It is the coronavirus that is killing the economy, not just the lockdown|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 July 2020 }}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
*2011 – Elected member, The International Statistical Institute<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isi-web.org/index.php/about-isi/who-is-isi/members/indivual|title=Individual Members|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2017-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729010059/https://www.isi-web.org/index.php/about-isi/who-is-isi/members/indivual|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2012 – [[American Statistical Association#Fellowship|Fellow, American Statistical Association]]<ref name=ASA>{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.amstat.org/blog/2018/03/01/bhramar-mukherjee/|title=Bhramar Mukherjee|date=March 2018|access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=American Statistical Association}}</ref>
*2016 – Gertrude Cox Award, [[Washington Statistical Society]]<ref>{{Cite newsletter |url=https://washstat.org/newsletters/wss1608.pdf#12 |title=2015–2016 WSS Annual Report |work=Washington Statistical Society Newsletter |date=September 2016 |page=12 |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref>
*2017 – [[Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic |title=Historic Fellows |website=American Association for the Advancement of Science}}</ref>
*2022 – Elected member, The National Academy of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nam.edu/member/bhramar-mukherjee/ |title=Bhramar Mukherjee |access-date=3 June 2025 |website=National Academy of Medicine }}</ref>
*2023 – Karl E Peace Award for statistical contribution towards betterment of society awarded by the American Statistical Association<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amstat.org/your-career/awards/karl-e-peace-award-for-outstanding-statistical-contributions-for-the-betterment-of-society|title=Karl E. Peace Award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the Betterment of Society|website=American Statistical Association|access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>
*2023 – Jerome Sacks award for outstanding cross-disciplinary research awarded by the [[National Institute of Statistical Sciences]]<ref>{{ cite web|url=https://www.niss.org/news/celebrating-niss-awards-2023|title=Celebrating NISS Awards 2023|date=6 August 2023 }}</ref>
*2023 – John D Kalbfleisch Distinguished University Professorship, University of Michigan<ref>{{cite news |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/regents-approve-distinguished-university-professors-for-2023/ |title=Regents approve Distinguished University Professors for 2023 |last=Kelton |first=Katie |work=The University Record |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref>
*2024 – Marvin Zelen Award for Leadership in Statistical Sciences, Harvard Biostatistics<ref name=HARV/>
*2024 – Overseas Fellow, [[Churchill College]], [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/fellows/professor-bhramar-mukherjee/|title=Professor Bhramar Mukherjee |website=Churchill College, Cambridge |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>
*2025 – Elected fellow, [[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://imstat.org/2025/05/05/congratulations-to-the-2025-class-of-ims-fellows/|title=Congratulations to the 2025 Class of IMS Fellows!|website=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref>
*2025 – Elected member, [[Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ctbythenumbers.news/ctnews/36-elected-to-connecticut-academy-of-science-and-engineering|title=36 Elected to Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering|website=Connecticut by the Numbers|date=2 April 2025 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref>

==Selected articles ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Sinha |first1=S. |last2=Mukherjee |first2=B. |last3=Ghosh |first3=M. |last4=Mallick |first4=B. K. |last5=Raymond |first5=J. C. |title=Bayesian semi-parametric analysis of matched case-control studies with missing exposure |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |year=2005 |volume=100 |pages=591–601|doi=10.1198/016214504000001411 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=B. |last2=Chatterjee |first2=N. |title=Exploiting gene-environment independence for analysis of case-control studies: An empirical-Bayes type shrinkage estimator to trade off between bias and efficiency |journal=Biometrics |year=2008 |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=685–694 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00953.x |pmid=18162111}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kastrinos |first1=F. |last2=Mukherjee |first2=B. |last3=Tayob |first3=N. |last4=Sparr |first4=J. |last5=Raymond |first5=V. M. |last6=Wang |first6=F. |last7=Bandipalliam |first7=P. |last8=Stoffel |first8=E. M. |last9=Gruber |first9=S. B. |last10=Syngal |first10=S. |title=The Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Lynch Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |year=2009 |volume=302 |issue=16 |pages=1790–1795 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1529 |pmid=19861671 |pmc=4091624}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=B. |last2=DeLancey |first2=J. O. |last3=Raskin |first3=L. |title=Risk of Non-Melanoma Cancers in CDKN2A Mutation Carriers |journal=Journal of the National Cancer Institute |year=2012 |volume=104 |issue=12 |pages=953–956 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djs221 |pmid=22534780 |pmc=3379723}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=C. |last2=Haupert |first2=S. R. |last3=Zimmermann |first3=L. |last4=Shi |first4=X. |last5=Fritsche |first5=L. G. |last6=Mukherjee |first6=B. |title=Global Prevalence of Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |journal=Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=226 |issue=9 |pages=1593–1607 |date=November 2022|doi=10.1093/infdis/jiac136 |pmid=35429399 |pmc=9047189}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Beesley |first1=L. J. |last2=Mukherjee |first2=B. |title=Statistical inference for association studies using electronic health records: handling both selection bias and outcome misclassification |journal=Biometrics |year=2022 |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=214–226 |doi=10.1111/biom.13400 |pmid=33179768|hdl=2027.42/172018 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kundu |first1=R. |last2=Shi |first2=X. |last3=Morrison |first3=J. |last4=Barrett |first4=J. |last5=Mukherjee |first5=B. |title=A framework for understanding selection bias in real-world healthcare data |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society |volume=187 |issue=3 |pages=606–635 |date=May 2024|doi=10.1093/jrsssa/qnae039 |pmid=39281782 |pmc=11393555}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Bhramar}}
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:Purdue University]]
[[Category:Indian Statistical Institute alumni]]
[[Category:American statisticians]]
[[Category:Women scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]
[[Category:Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]]
[[Category:Yale University faculty]]
[[Category:American women data scientists]]
[[Category:American data scientists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Melvin G Babu

2026-03-14T23:01:06Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created a post

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Melvin G Babu
| birth_date =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Mavelikkara]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2017–present
| awards =
}}

'''Melvin G Babu''' is an [[India|Indian]] actor and [[Content creation|content creator]] who appears in the [[Malayalam Cinema]]. He is best known for portraying ''Kuttan'' in ''[[Anugraheethan Antony]]'' (2021), ''Eby Kuruvilla'' in ''[[Jo and Jo]] ''(2022) and ''Joyal'' in ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web| title= 'തെറി പറയുന്നവരോട് പ്രതികരിക്കാന്‍ നേരമില്ല'; 'ഫയങ്കര' ടാലന്റഡ് മെൽവിൻ|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/entertainment/2022/05/18/actor-melvin-interview.html| website = Malayala Manorama|date=19 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title= അനിഖയും മെല്‍വിനും പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിലെത്തിയ 'ഓ മൈ ഡാർലിങ്'; ആമസോൺ പ്രൈമിൽ ചിത്രം ട്രെൻഡിങ് ലിസ്റ്റില്‍ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/anikha-melvin-in-oh-my-darling-movie-ott-amazon-release-1.8522865| website = Mathrubhumi |date=May 2023 }}</ref> He is also known as a content creator in the name ''FT Guys'' (Fayankara Talented Guys).<ref>{{Cite news| title= Malayalam filmmakers are turning to social media platforms to scout for new acting talent|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/social-media-platforms-are-the-new-scouting-grounds-for-malayalam-filmmakers-looking-for-new-talent/article66879865.ece| website = The Hindu |date=29 May 2023 |last1=Anand |first1=Shilpa Nair }}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2021, Melvin started his film career by playing the character of Kuttan in the movie ''[[Anugraheethan Antony]]''. He was praised for the timely comedies and witty counter dialogues in that film. In 2021, Melvin played Eby Kuruvilla, lead role in the film ''[[Jo and Jo]]'' which was released in theatres and [[Amazon Prime]]. Later in the same year he did the hero role as Joyal (Joel) in the film ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' opposite to [[Anikha Surendran]]<ref>{{Cite web| title= Oh My Darling OTT release date: When, where to watch Anikha Surendran, Melvin G Babu's romcom|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/oh-my-darling-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-anikha-surendran-melvin-g-babus-romcom/5140464f20373| website = OTTplay}}</ref> which was also released in theatres and [[Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=Melvin G Babu and Anikha Surendran talks about oh my darling movie |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/video-gallery/cinema/melvin-g-babu-and-anikha-surendran-talks-about-oh-my-darling-movie/videoshow/98197915.cms| website = Time of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Anikha Surendran to make her debut as heroine with 'Oh My Darling'|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1003440&u=anikha-surendran-to-make-her-debut-as-heroine-with-oh-my-darling-trailer-is-out-1003440
| website = Kerala Kaumudi}}</ref> The movie was in trending list in [[Amazon Prime]] .<ref>{{Cite web| title= അനിഖയും മെല്‍വിനും പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിലെത്തിയ 'ഓ മൈ ഡാർലിങ്'; ആമസോൺ പ്രൈമിൽ ചിത്രം ട്രെൻഡിങ് ലിസ്റ്റില്‍ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/anikha-melvin-in-oh-my-darling-movie-ott-amazon-release-1.8522865| website = Mathrubhumi |date=May 2023 }}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Anugraheethan Antony]]'' || Kuttan ||<ref>{{Cite web| title=മെൽവിൻ 'കട്ട്' പറയുമ്പോൾ സണ്ണി പാലത്തിൽ നിന്ന് താഴേയ്ക്ക് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2021/04/09/anugraheethan-antony-making-video-sunny-wayne-gourikishan.html| website = Malayala Manorama }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title= Anugraheethan Antony Movie Review: A heartwarming tale of love, death, and second chances |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/malayalam/2021/apr/03/anugraheethan-antony-movie-review-a-heartwarming-tale-of-love-death-and-second-chances-23755.html| website = Indian Express|date=3 April 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Jo and Jo]]'' || Eby Kuruvilla ||<ref>{{Cite web| title= 'തെറി പറയുന്നവരോട് പ്രതികരിക്കാന്‍ നേരമില്ല'; 'ഫയങ്കര' ടാലന്റഡ് മെൽവിൻ|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/entertainment/2022/05/18/actor-melvin-interview.html| website = Malayala Manorama|date=19 May 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' || Joyal ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=പ്രണയനിമിഷങ്ങള്‍ പങ്കിട്ട് അനിഖയും മെല്‍വിനും; ന്യൂജനറേഷന്‍ ഏറ്റെടുത്ത് ഓ മൈ ഡാര്‍ലിംഗിലെ പ്രണയഗാനം|url=https://www.twentyfournews.com/2023/03/13/oh-my-darling-movie-song-viral-social-media.html|website= Twentyfour News (flowers TV) |date=13 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title= Oh My Darling Actress Anikha Surendran Breaks Silence On Viral Kissing Scenes In Film|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/oh-my-darling-actress-anikha-surendran-breaks-silence-on-viral-kissing-scenes-in-film-7176379.html| website = News18 |date=27 February 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Thekku Vadakku]]'' ||Friend ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-25 |title=Vinayakan and Suraj Venjaramoodu's Thekku Vadakku gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/25/vinayakan-and-suraj-venjaramoodus-thekku-vadakku-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Bromance (2025 film)|Bromance]]'' || Yahiya ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mathew Thomas - Arjun Ashokan Starrer 'Bromance' Starts Rolling|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mathew-thomas-arjun-ashokan-starrer-bromance-starts-rolling/articleshow/111980061.cms|access-date=27 July 2024|website=[[The Times Of India]] |date=24 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|12471125}}
*{{Instagram|melvingbabu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Melvin G}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dakshina Kosala

2026-03-09T07:48:16Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Historical region in central India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name = Dakṣiṇa Kosala
| common_name = Dakshina Kosala
| image_map = South Asia historical AD375 EN.svg
| map_caption = Dakshina Kosala, {{circa}} 375 CE.
| capital = [[Bhadravati, Maharashtra|Bhadravati]]; [[Sirpur, Mahasamund|Sirpur]]; Tummana; [[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratnapura]]
| today = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], western [[Odisha]], part of [[Maharashtra]]
}}

'''Dakshina Kosala''' ([[IAST]]: Dakṣiṇa Kosala, "southern [[Kosala]]") is a historical region of central [[India]]. It was located in what is now [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] along with some parts of Western [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Nava Kishor Das |title=Odisha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz7m_yM-hJsC |year=2012 |publisher=Seagull |isbn=978-81-7046-293-4 |page=5 |quote=Dakshina Kosala is the territory now divided in the districts of Chhattisgarh and neighbouring areas of western Odisha.}}</ref> At its greatest extent, it may have also included a part of the [[Vidarbha]] region in present-day [[Maharashtra]].{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=162-163}}

Its capitals at various times included [[Bhadravati, Maharashtra|Bhadravati]], [[Sirpur, Mahasamund|Sirpur]] (ancient Shripura), Tuman (ancient Tummana), and [[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratanpur]] (ancient Ratnapura).{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=163-165}}

== Extent ==

Dakshina Kosala ("South Kosala"), sometimes simply called Kosala, is hard to distinguish from [[Kosala|Uttara Kosala]] ("North Kosala") in present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]].{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=161 footnote}}

Epigraphic evidence suggests that the area bounded by the [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]], [[Raipur district|Raipur]], [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Anuppur district|Anuppur]] [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]] districts was definitely a part of the Dakshina Kosala region. The inscriptions found in these districts record grants of villages located in the Kosala country, and the rulers mentioned in these inscriptions are given the titles indicating their lordship over Dakshina Kosala (such as ''Kosaladhisha'', ''Kosaladhipati'', and ''Kosala-narendra'').{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=162}}

According to the 7th century Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]], the extent of the contemporary Kosala kingdom was 6,000 [[li (unit)|li]] in circuit, that is, around 81,000 square miles in area.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|pp=161-162}} This suggests that in the 7th century, the Dakshina Kosala region encompassed an area much larger than the region bounded by the above-mentioned districts. The [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamshi]] inscriptions suggest that other areas of present-day Odisha, bordering Sambalpur, were also part of the Dakshina Kosala. During Xuanzang's period, Kosala appears to have extended from [[78th meridian east]] to the [[85th meridian east]] in the east–west direction.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=162}}

The northern boundary of Kosala was located a little to the south of [[Amarakantaka]], which was a part of the [[Panduvamshis of Mekala|Mekala]] kingdom.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=162}} The [[Puranas]], including the ''[[Vayu Purana]]'' and the ''[[Matsya Purana]]'', mention Mekala and Kosala as distinct regions. The ancient epigraphs, such as the [[Balaghat]] inscription of the [[Vakataka]] king Prithvishena II, also distinguish between these two regions. However, at one place, the ''Vayu Purana'' mentions the Mekalas as one of the Pancha Kosalas ("Five Kosalas"), which suggests that at some point, the chiefs of the Mekala region were subordinate to the rulers of the Kosala proper.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=162}}

In the south, the Dakshina Kosala region, at its greatest extent, appears to have included a part of present-day [[Vidarbha]] region of [[Maharashtra]]. The legend of king [[Nala]] states that he reached the capital of Kosala: the description of the route of his march suggests that this capital was present-day [[Bhadravati, Maharashtra|Bhadravati]].{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=163}}

In the 19th century [[Alexander Cunningham]], the founder of [[Archaeological Survey of India]], mentioned Dakshina Kosala as a synonym of [[Mahakoshal]] (or Maha-Kosala), without mentioning any source for this claim.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=161|ps=:"General Cunningham endeavoured to fix the boundaries of Daksina Kosala, to which he gave the alternative name of Maha-Kosala, without stating where he found that name."}} However, none of the ancient texts or inscriptions support the claim that Dakshina Kosala and Mahakoshal refer to the same geographical unit.<ref>{{cite book |author=Madan Mohan Upadhyay |title=Inscriptions of Mahakoshal: Resource for the History of Central India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzkaAAAAYAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=B.R. |isbn=978-81-7646-496-3 |pages=2–3 |quote=Mahakoshal as a territorial unit synonymous with Kosala or Daksina Kosala (modern Chhattisgarh) has never appeared in the ancient Indian literature as well as epigraphs. }}</ref> The ancient Sanskrit texts frequently mention Dakshina Kosala, but do not mention Mahakoshal as the name of a region.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=161 footnote}}

In ancient times{{when|date=March 2020}} Dakshina Kosala (South Kosala) comprised modern Chhattisgarh and the adjoining territory in the State of Orissa up to the boundary of the Katak District.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} In the Puranas this country is mentioned with Traipura (the tract around Tripuri near Jabalpur), Kalinga (part of the state of Orissa) and Mekala (the region near the source of the Narmada).<ref>What is india:Inscriptions of the kalachuri-chedi era.Source-{ Coins & Currency Systems Of North-Central Indian Kingdoms,(Kalachuri Inscriptions)}.</ref>{{page needed|date=March 2020}}

=== Capitals ===

Besides Bhadravati, the other capitals of Dakshina Kosala at various times included [[Sirpur, Mahasamund|Sirpur]] (ancient Shripura), Tuman (ancient Tummana), and [[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratanpur]] (ancient Ratnapura). Bhadravati may have been the capital of Dakshina Kosala as late as during Xuanzang's time,{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=163}} although Sirpur is another candidate for the contemporary capital of the region.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|pp=165-166}}

The 601 CE [[Arang]] inscription of king Bhimasena II suggests that Shripura was the capital of the local Rishitulyakula kings, possibly since the 5th century.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=164}} In the subsequent period, it served as the capital of the [[Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala|Panduvamshi]] kings, who are described as the lords of Kosala in their inscriptions.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|pp=164-165}}

Tummana and Ratnapura became the capitals of Dakshina Kosala centuries later. Tummana was founded by Kalingaraja, a descendant of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Tripuri Kalachuri]] king Kokalla I (c. 875 CE). Ratnapura was established by Ratnadeva, a later descendant of Kalingaraja and a king of the [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratnapura Kalachuri]] dynasty.{{sfn|Hira Lal|1986|p=163}}

== Legends ==

In ancient Indian literature as well as the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'' & ''[[Puranas]]'' there are many references to the ancient [[Kosala Kingdom]] of northern India. Surya Vanshi [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] kings ruled [[Kosala]] with [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] as their capital. Sri Ramachandra was a king of that clan, based on whose character and activities, the ''Ramayana'' was written. This work mentions that after [[Rama]], the kingdom was divided among his two sons, [[Lava]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]]. North Kosala went to Lava as his share with Shravasti Nagari as his capital while Kusha received South Kosala. He established his new capital, Kushasthalipura on the river Kushavrate near the [[Vindhya]] mountain range, which divides north and south India. Kushasthalipura is identified as near [[Malhar, Chhattisgarh|Malhar]] in the present-day [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] state.

As part of his military campaigns, [[Sahadeva]] targeted the kingdoms in the regions south of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Vanquishing the invincible Bhismaka, Sahadeva then defeated the king of Kosala in battle and the ruler of the territories lying on the banks of the Venwa, as well as the Kantarakas and the kings of the eastern Kosalas.<ref>Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 30</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2015}}

== History ==
In the first century BC, Mahameghavahana, a king of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]] conquered Kosala. It was conquered by
[[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] of [[Satavahana dynasty]] in the early part of the 2nd century AD and remained a part of the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana kingdom]] until the second half of the second century AD.<ref name="js"/><ref name="temple">{{cite web |last1=Patnaik |first1=Jeeban Kumar |title=Temples of South Kosala 6th century A D 11th century A D a case study of stellate temples |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/187259 |website=University |date=1998}}</ref> During the second and third centuries AD the [[Mahameghavahana|Megha dynasty or Meghavahanas]] regained their suzerainty over South Kosala.<ref name="js">{{cite book |last1=Sahu |first1=J. K. |title=THE MEGHAS OF KOSALA |date=1977 |pages=49–54 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139050?read-now=1&seq=2}}</ref> Samudragupta during his daksinapatha expedition, defeated [[Mahendra of Dakshina Kosala|Mahendra of Kosala]] who probably belonged to the Megha dynasty. As a result, South Kosala during the fourth century AD, came under the overlordship of the [[Gupta Empire]].<ref name="temple"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bosma |first1=Natasja |title=Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A Rich Centre of Early Śaivism |date=June 2018 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=9789492444684 |pages=338 |edition=E-book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOm9DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Mahendra+of+Kosala%22&pg=PA1 |access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>

After the fall of the [[Gupta Empire|imperial Guptas]], the Dakshina Kosala region was ruled by a number of small dynasties, including the [[Rajarsitulyakula]], [[Panduvamshis of Mekala]] (Pāṇḍavas of Mekala), the [[Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala]] (Pāṇḍuvaṃśīs of Śripura), and the [[Sharabhapuriya dynasty|Sharabhapuriyas]].<ref name="temple"/> The chronology of these dynasties not very clear, because their inscriptions are dated in [[regnal year]]s instead of a [[calendar era]].{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=1}} The only ancient inscription found in this region that appears to be dated in a calendar era is the [[Rajarsitulyakula|Arang copper-plate inscription of Bhimasena II of Sura family]]. However, it is not connected to any other records from the area, and therefore, is not much useful for reconstructing the region's chronology.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|pp=1-2}}

The Pāṇḍavas of Mekala are known from two [[Malhar, Chhattisgarh|Malhar]] inscriptions issued by king Śūrabala, the last member of the dynasty.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=3}} The king claimed descent from the legendary hero [[Pandu|Pāṇḍu]] of the [[lunar dynasty]] (somavaṃśa).{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=5}}

The Amarāryakulas (Amarārya family) are known from the Malhar inscription of Vyaghraraja.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=6}} [[D. C. Sircar]] believes this family to be same as the Sharabhapuriyas, Ajaya Mitra Shastri believes it to an independent dynasty, while [[Hans T. Bakker]] believes it to be a vassal of the Sharabhapuriyas.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|pp=7-8}}

The Sharabhapuriyas initially ruled as Gupta vassals, and may have fought with the [[Nala dynasty|Nalas of Pushkari]].{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=10}} They laid foundation of the distinct Dakshina Kosala style of art and architecture.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=13}}

The Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala seem to have been related to the Panduvamshis of Mekala, and initially served as feudatories to the Sharabhapuriyas.{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=14}} The early kings of the dynasty were [[Vaishnavite]]s, but its last known king Mahāśivagupta Bālārjuna called himself a devotee of [[Shiva]] (''parama-māheśvara''), and also patronized the [[Buddhism|Buddhists]]. The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]] visited the region during his reign, and described his kingdom ("Kiao-sa-lo" or Kosala) as follows:{{sfn|Hans T. Bakker|1994|p=21}}

{{cquote|The capital is about 40 [[li (unit)|li]] round; the soil is rich and fertile, and yields abundant crops. [...] The population is very dense. The men are tall and black complexioned. The disposition of the people is hard and violent; they are brave and impetuous. There are both heretics and believers here. They are earnest in study and of a high intelligence. The king is of the [[Kshatriya|Kshattriya]] race; he greatly honours the law of Buddha, and his virtue and love are far renowned. There are about one hundred [[sangharama|saṅghārāmas]], and somewhat less than 10,000 priests; they all alike study the teaching of the [[Mahayana|Great Vehicle]]. There are about seventy Deva temples, frequented by heretics of different persuasions. Not far to the south of the city is an old saṅghārāma, by the side of which is a [[stupa|stūpa]] that was built by [[Ashoka|Aśoka-rāja]].}}

The Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala may have been related to the later [[Somavamshi dynasty]], who ruled in present-day [[Odisha]].{{sfn|A. M. Shastri I|1995|pp=172-175}}

== See also ==
* [[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Hans T. Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |chapter=Observations on the History and Culture of Dakṣiṇa Kosala |editor1=Nalini Balbir |editor2=J Bautze |title=Festschrift : Klaus Bruhn zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres |publisher=Inge Wezler |location=Reinbek |year=1994 |oclc=37840411 |url=https://www.academia.edu/17301262 |pages=1–66 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Hira Lal |title=The Extent and Capital of Daksina Kosala |journal=Indian Antiquary |volume=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aG5DAAAAYAAJ |year=1986 |orig-year=1933 |publisher=Swati }}
* {{cite book |author=Ajay Mitra Shastri |author-link=Ajay Mitra Shastri |title=Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins, and Somavaṁśins: Part I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Idd9i5nP160C&pg=PA47 |year=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0635-1 |ref={{harvid|A. M. Shastri I|1995}} }}
{{refend}}

{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms of the Ikshwaku clan]]
[[Category:Kingdoms in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Kosala]]

Munak, Karnal

2026-03-07T17:27:55Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created post

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Munak
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
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| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord | 29.5203112 | 76.8400526 |display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnal district|Karnal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Rajputs(Muslim rajput)
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| population_as_of = 2020
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| demographics_type1 = Haryanvi, hindi and Punjabi
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Haryanvi, hindi and Punjabi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 132040
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-01749-XXXXXX
| blank2_name = Sex Ratio
| blank2_info = 955:1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-05
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Munak''' and adjacent '''Kheri Munak''' is a village and development block in [[Gharaunda|Assandh]] sub-district of [[Karnal district]], [[Haryana]], India.<ref name=cen1>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/59362-kheri-munak-haryana.html census 2011 of Munak], [[Census of India]], 2011.</ref><ref name=kon2/> [[Munak canal]], which diverts [[Western Yamuna Canal]]'s water to [[New Delhi]], originates here at Munak regulator.<ref name=can1/><ref name=can2/>

==History==
Munak Canal was constructed in British Raj, Canal Rest house also constructed in British Raj and is still in very good condition.
The rest house is maintaining by the Irrigation Department of Haryana.
[[Munak canal]] was re-constructed here from 2003 to 2012.<ref name="can1">{{cite news|last1=Joshi|first1=Mallica|last2=Halder|first2=Ritam|title=Canal that quenches Delhi's thirst|url=https://www.kent.co.in/pdf/news/Annexure-1.pdf|access-date=22 February 2016|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=18 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="can2">{{cite news|last1=Lalchandani|first1=Neha|title=Delhi Jal Board to ready Munak Canal link in 2 months |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-Jal-Board-to-ready-Munak-Canal-link-in-2-months/articleshow/45802642.cms|access-date=22 February 2016|agency=TNN|issue=Delhi|work=The Times Of India|date=8 Jan 2015}}</ref>

The village was the subject of a video showing its historical beauty.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 February 2016 |title=Munak|publisher=Rajkamal Productions|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXSX3QxPJRY}}</ref>

It was upgraded to a [[Community development block in India|block]] in October 2016 by the Chief Minister [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]'s administration.<ref name=kon2>[https://www.uniindia.com/khattar-approves-creation-of-14-new-blocks/states/news/658779.html Khattar approves creation of 14 new blocks], United News of India, 18 Oct 2016.</ref>

==Demography==
It has a population 20,000 people in 3500 households, as per 2011 [[census of India]]

Maharana Pratap Stadium is situated in Munak Village where the children of Munak Village play as well as prepare for the army.<ref name="cen1" />

==Education==
[[Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal]]  is located at [[Anjanthali]] near Munak.<ref name=kon1>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-s-first-horticulture-university-to-be-set-up-at-karnal-115100701257_1.html Haryana's first horticulture university to be set up at Karnal], Business Standard, 7 Oct 2015</ref><ref name=mhu1>[https://www.mhu.ac.in Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal], official website.</ref>

Govt. senior secondary school, Munak

Govt. primary school, Munak

Govt. girls high school, Munak

Bharat public school, Munak

Maharana Pratap public school, Munak

Maa vashno international school, Munak

Aryakulam international school

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Karnal district]]
[[Category:Karnal]]

Net domestic product

2026-03-03T17:05:36Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: fixed content per standard format and corrected details

{{Short description|Macroeconomic indicator}}
The '''net domestic product''' ('''NDP''') equals the [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) minus [[depreciation]] on a country's [[capital (economics)|capital]] goods.<ref>{{cite book |first=Rudiger |last=Dornbusch |authorlink=Rudi Dornbusch |first2=Stanley |last2=Fischer |authorlink2=Stanley Fischer |first3=Richard |last3=Startz |title=Macroeconomics |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Irwin |year=2004 |isbn=0-07-282340-2 |pages=22–23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-XtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/help/glossary/net-domestic-product-ndp|title=Net domestic product (NDP) {{!}} U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)|website=www.bea.gov|access-date=2019-02-23}}</ref>

<math>GDP - D = NDP</math>

Net domestic product accounts for capital that has been consumed over the year in the form of housing, vehicle, or machinery deterioration. The depreciation accounted for is often referred to as "[[capital consumption allowance]]" and represents the amount of capital that would be needed to replace those depreciated assets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capital-consumption-allowance-cca.asp|title=Capital Consumption Allowance (CCA)|last=Kenton|first=Will|website=Investopedia|access-date=2019-02-23}}</ref> The portion of [[Fixed investment|investment]] spending that is used to replace worn out and obsolete equipment — depreciation — while essential for maintaining the level of output, does not increase the economy’s capacities in any way. If GDP were to grow simply as a result of the fact that more money was being spent to maintain the capital stock because of increased depreciation, it would not mean that anyone had been made better off.<ref name=":0">Spant, R. (2003). Why net domestic product should replace gross domestic product as a measure of economic growth. ''International Productivity Monitor'', 39-43.</ref> Because of this some economists view NDP as a better measure of social and economic well being than GDP.<ref name=":0" /><ref>England, R. W. (1998). Measurement of social well-being: alternatives to gross domestic product. ''Ecological Economics'', ''25''(1), 89-103.</ref>

If the country is not able to replace the capital stock lost through depreciation, then GDP will fall. In addition, a growing gap between GDP and NDP indicates increasing obsolescence of capital goods, while a narrowing gap means that the condition of [[capital stock]] in the country is improving. It reduces the value of capital that is why it is separated from GDP to get NDP.

== See also ==
*[[Gross domestic product]]
*[[Measures of national income and output|National income accounting]]
*[[Net national product]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Net Domestic Product}}
[[Category:Gross domestic product]]
[[Category:Macroeconomic indicators]]

Bumper (film)

2026-03-03T02:40:58Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: adjusted section additionally

{{Short description|Indian film by M. Selvakumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bumper
| image = Bumper film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = M. Selvakumar
| writer = M. Selvakumar
| screenplay =
| producer = {{Ubl|S. Thiagaraja
| T. Anandajothi}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]]
* [[Shivani Narayanan]]
}}
| cinematography = Vinothrathinasamy
| editing = [[Kasi Viswanathan|Mu. Kasiviswanathan]]
| music = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| studio = Vetha Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2023|07|07|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Bumper''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy thriller]] film written and directed by M. Selvakumar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2021 |title=Vetri's next titled 'Bumper' based on Kerala lottery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-next-titled-bumper-based-on-kerala-lottery/articleshow/87221260.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413231527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetris-next-titled-bumper-based-on-kerala-lottery/articleshow/87221260.cms |archive-date=13 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]] and [[Shivani Narayanan]] in the lead roles with [[Hareesh Peradi]], [[GP Muthu|G. P. Muthu]], [[Thangadurai (actor)|Thangadurai]], Kavitha Bharathi portraying supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2022 |title=First Look Of Vetri-Shivani Starrer 'Bumper' Produced By Vetha Pictures And Directed By Selvakumar To Be Released On Vinayaka Chathurthi |url=https://industryhit.com/t/first-look-of-vetri-shivani-starrer-bumper-produced-by-vetha-pictures-and-directed-by-selvakumar-to-be-released-on-vinayaka-chathurthi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412180416/https://industryhit.com/t/first-look-of-vetri-shivani-starrer-bumper-produced-by-vetha-pictures-and-directed-by-selvakumar-to-be-released-on-vinayaka-chathurthi/ |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=IndustryHit.Com}}</ref>

The film's title ''Bumper'' refers to the Kerala Lottery.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2023 |title=Bumper movie: A ticket to success? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/10/a-ticket-to-success-2564272.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412191943/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/10/a-ticket-to-success-2564272.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was released on 7 July 2023.

== Plot ==
Pulipandi and his friends, who commit numerous crimes because they want to make money. The criminals were ultimately discovered after the police undertook an extensive search for suspects. After learning about the investigation, Pulipandi and his friends escaped to Sabarimala. They casually purchased a lottery ticket in Pampa due to the dire situation. In a time of crisis, he didn't give the ticket much consideration, but the prize money of 10 crores had been awarded to them; sadly, he had lost the bumper ticket. The concluding section of this film, which is packed with many twists and turns, is about whether or not he finally found the lottery ticket and settled his life.

== Cast ==
* [[Vetri (actor)|Vetri]] as Puli Pandi
* [[Shivani Narayanan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vetri joins hands with Bigg Boss Tamil fame Shivani Narayanan for Bumper |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vetri-joins-hands-with-bigg-boss-tamil-fame-shivani-narayanan-for-bumper/14b853895b766 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412180416/https://www.ottplay.com/news/vetri-joins-hands-with-bigg-boss-tamil-fame-shivani-narayanan-for-bumper/14b853895b766 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Hareesh Peradi]]
* [[GP Muthu|G. P. Muthu]]
* [[Thangadurai (actor)|Thangadurai]] as Bootha Pandi (Vetri's friend)
* Kavitha Bharathi
* Dilip Alexander

== Production ==
This film is a directorial debut for M. Selvakumar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vetri to star in Tamil film 'Bumper' based on Kerala lottery |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/23/vetri-to-star-in-tamil-film-bumper-based-on-kerala-lottery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412180416/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/23/vetri-to-star-in-tamil-film-bumper-based-on-kerala-lottery.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> The film was produced by S. Thiagaraja and T. Anandajothi under the banner Vedha Pictures. The film's cinematography was done by Vinothrathinasamy. The editing of the film was handled by Mu. Kasivishwanathan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=Vetri's Bumper completes censor formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/13/vetris-bumper-completes-censor-formalities-42269.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417094854/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/13/vetris-bumper-completes-censor-formalities-42269.html |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was shot in [[Thoothukudi]], [[Punalur]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Erumely|Erumeli]], and [[Sabarimala (place)|Sabarimala]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2022 |title=Vetri & Shivani's Bumper post production in full swing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shivanis-bumper-post-production-in-full-swing/articleshow/92616680.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413231455/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shivanis-bumper-post-production-in-full-swing/articleshow/92616680.cms |archive-date=13 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Shivani Narayanan joins Vetri's next, Bumper |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/21/shivani-narayanan-joins-vetris-next-bumper-29161.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412180415/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jan/21/shivani-narayanan-joins-vetris-next-bumper-29161.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The title poster of the film was released on 26 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2022 |title=Title look poster of Vetri & Shivani's Bumper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/title-look-poster-of-vetri-shivanis-bumper/articleshow/89136308.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413231526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/title-look-poster-of-vetri-shivanis-bumper/articleshow/89136308.cms |archive-date=13 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The first look poster for the film was released on 31 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2022 |title=Vetri's Bumper first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/31/vetris-bumper-first-look-out-34265.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412180415/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/31/vetris-bumper-first-look-out-34265.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 2022 |title=Vetri & Shivani Narayanan's Bumper first look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shivani-narayanans-bumper-first-look/articleshow/93923827.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413222946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetri-shivani-narayanans-bumper-first-look/articleshow/93923827.cms |archive-date=13 April 2023 |access-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The teaser for the film was released on 6 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=19 April 2023 |title=Bumper is a film for current generation: M Selvakumar |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2023/04/19/bumper-is-a-film-for-current-generation-m-selvakumar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625104054/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2023/04/19/bumper-is-a-film-for-current-generation-m-selvakumar |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> The trailer was released on 25 June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Vetri's Bumper trailer is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jun/25/vetris-bumper-trailer-is-here-44963.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625103208/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jun/25/vetris-bumper-trailer-is-here-44963.html |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by [[Govind Vasantha]]. All songs were penned by [[Karthik Netha]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Bumper
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2022–2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Tamil
| label = Tips Tamil
| producer = Govind Vasantha
| prev_title = [[Jackson Bazaar Youth]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Little Miss Rawther]]
| next_year = 2023
}}
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Saraname Saraname Saranam Ayyane
| extra1 = [[K. S. Harisankar]]
| lyrics1 = [[Karthik Netha]]
| length1 = 4:01
| title2 = Kudi Kudi Thoothukudi Kudi
| extra2 = [[Kapil Kapilan]], [[Govind Vasantha]]
| lyrics2 = Karthik Netha
| length2 = 3:53
| total_length = 7:54
}}

== Reception ==
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3 out of 5 and stated that "Bumper has an interesting premise that helps hold the attention of the viewers, but it could have been much better if certain portions had been trimmed."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bumper Movie Review : A well-intentioned film that talks about honesty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bumper/movie-review/101534453.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706075513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bumper/movie-review/101534453.cms |archive-date=2023-07-06 |access-date=2023-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ''[[Samayam]]'' critic wrote that "The bumper film is interesting. But it would have been better if some scenes were deleted." and gave 3 out 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=பம்பர் விமர்சனம் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-review/bumper-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/101541802.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161812/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-review/bumper-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/101541802.cms |archive-date=2023-07-07 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> Jayabhuvaneshwari B of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 stars and wrote that "''Bumper'' loses a jackpot due to its draggy screenplay and meandering away from the central plot."<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Bumper Movie Review: A dawdling and predictable film with a heartfelt message |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/07/bumper-movie-review-a-dawdling-and-predictable-film-with-a-heartfelt-message-45363.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161910/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/jul/07/bumper-movie-review-a-dawdling-and-predictable-film-with-a-heartfelt-message-45363.html |archive-date=2023-07-07 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Dinamalar]]'' critic rated 3 stars out 5 stars and gave mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=பம்பர் - விமர்சனம் {3/5} : பம்பர் - பணமா, பாசமா… - Bumper |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3320/Bumper/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|id=tt27448769}}

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Oru Thavaru Seidhal

2026-03-03T02:26:27Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Made a pg.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oru Thavaru Seidhal
| image = Oru Thavaru Seidhal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Mani Damodharan
| writer = Mani Damodharan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = P. Keerthana
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]]
*[[Ramachandran Durairaj]]
*[[Namo Narayana]]
*[[Upasana RC]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vijaya Krishna Magesh
| editing = Vithu Jeeva
| music = K. M. Rayan
| studio = KMP Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|4|5}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Oru Thavaru Seidhal''''' ({{Translation|If a wrongdoing is done}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Mani Damodharan and starring [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Ramachandran Durairaj]], [[Namo Narayana]] and [[Upasana RC]]. The film was released on 5 April 2024 to mixed reviews.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Parameshwaran
*[[Ramachandran Durairaj]]
*[[Namo Narayana]] as Ulaganathan
*[[Upasana RC]] as Munishwari
*Paari
*Srithar
*Sura Surendhar
*Thasmiga Lakshman
* Santhosh
}}
== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "While its exploration of deepfakes and their potential societal impact offers food for thought, its uneven execution keeps it from being a truly impactful thriller. Fans of crime-comedies with a technological bent might find some enjoyment in this film".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Abhinav |title=Oru Thavaru Seidhal Movie Review : Oru Thavaru Seidhal: Deepfakes and Dark Comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-thavaru-seidhal/movie-review/109032841.cms |work=The Times of India |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503230246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-thavaru-seidhal/movie-review/109032841.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "It is at best a short film, but Mani extends it so much that it loses all its potency".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=5 April 2024 |title=Oru Thavaru Seidhal Movie Review: This political satire with a flimsy premise stretches itself too far |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Apr/05/oru-thavaru-seidhal-movie-review-this-political-satire-with-a-flimsy-premise-stretches-itself-too-far |website=Cinema Express |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515060352/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Apr/05/oru-thavaru-seidhal-movie-review-this-political-satire-with-a-flimsy-premise-stretches-itself-too-far |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "To cut a long story short, this is a film that is highly recommended. This film might not have popular stars or a huge production house backing it but it definitely is a worthy entertainer that deserves your attention and support".<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=Oru Thavaru Seidhal Review: A Refreshing Political Crime Drama That Wins Your Heart |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/oru-thavaru-seidhal-review-a-refreshing-political-crime-drama-that-wins-your-heart-review-109052826 |website=Times Now |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814005533/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/oru-thavaru-seidhal-review-a-refreshing-political-crime-drama-that-wins-your-heart-review-109052826 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|32022424}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kamala Subramaniam

2026-02-16T01:54:26Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created basic info v1

{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Short description|Indian translator and writer}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kamala Subramaniam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|10|4}}
| birth_place = Bangalore, [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|2|21|1916|10|4}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, translator
| language = English
| nationality = Indian
| notableworks = ''Mahabharata'' (1965) ''Srimad Bhagavatam'' (1979) ''Ramayana'' (1981)
| spouse = V. S. Subramaniam
| relatives = T. P. Kailasam (father)
}}

'''Kamala Subramaniam''' (4 October 1916 – 21 February 1983) was an [[India|Indian]] translator and writer known for her [[English language|English]] retellings of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Ramayana]]'', and the ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad Bhagavatam]]''. Her works were published by [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] and remain in print in multiple editions.<ref name="HT2022">{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Renuka |date=11 September 2022 |title=Kamala Subramaniam: An epic life well-served |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/kamala-subramaniam-an-epic-life-wellserved-101664370444489.html |access-date=5 October 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Renuka |date=2025-06-22 |title=Finding the soul of India through a foreign language |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2025/Jun/22/finding-the-soul-of-india-through-a-foreign-language |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Subramaniam was born in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] in 1916.<ref name="HT2022" /> She was the daughter of [[Kannada]] playwright and poet [[T. P. Kailasam]].<ref name="HT2022" /> She studied English literature under B. M. Srikantiah at [[Central College, Bengaluru|Central College, Bangalore]].<ref name="HT2022" /> In 1937 she married V. S. Subramaniam, an [[ENT surgery|ENT surgeon]] based in [[Chennai|Madras]].<ref name="HT2022" />

== Career ==
Subramaniam began writing early and published essays under the pen name "Ketaki".<ref name="HT2022" /> From the 1960s she focused on large-scale retellings of Sanskrit epics in English prose.

Her ''[[Mahabharata]]'' was first issued in 1965 and runs to more than 800 pages.<ref name="HT2022" /> In 1979 she published ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad Bhagavatam]]'' through Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Subramaniam |first=Kamala |title=Srimad Bhagavatam |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1979 |location=Bombay |oclc=2945300}}</ref> Her ''[[Ramayana]]'' was released in the early 1980s.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Renuka |date=8 June 2025 |title=Kamala Subramaniam's translation of the Valmiki Ramayana is a rediscovery |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/opinions/2025/Jun/08/kamala-subramaniams-translation-of-the-valmiki-ramayana-is-a-rediscovery |access-date=5 October 2025 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-02 |title=Re-reading the Ramayana of Valmiki |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/rereading-the-ramayana-of-valmiki-101669973673050.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Her style was described as a condensation rather than a literal translation. She removed ornamental passages while preserving narrative continuity and philosophical themes.<ref name="HT2022" /> According to the ''[[The New Indian Express|New Indian Express]]'', her ''Ramayana'' offers “a rediscovery” for readers by balancing readability with fidelity to [[Valmiki]].<ref name=":0" />

== Reception ==
Subramaniam’s trilogy of epics has been widely read in India and abroad. The ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' noted that “many of us learn our theology in childhood via Subramaniam’s lucid renditions”.<ref name="HT2022" /> Critics emphasized her ability to present complex texts in accessible English while retaining their ethical and spiritual weight.<ref name="HT2022" /><ref name=":1" />

== Personal life and death ==
In the late 1960s she underwent [[Surgical oncology|cancer surgery]], after which she devoted herself to completing her epic retellings.<ref name="HT2022" /> She died on 21 February 1983.<ref name="HT2022" />

== Legacy ==
Her retellings remain in circulation through Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan and have gone through numerous reprints.<ref name="HT2022" /> Commentators have described her as one of the few modern authors to produce substantial English versions of all three canonical [[Hindu texts]].<ref name="HT2022" />

== References ==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Sanskrit–English translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]

1930 in India

2026-02-15T20:12:12Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Expanded content with additional details

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2013}}
{{Year in India|1930}}
Events in the year '''1930 in India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[Emperor of India]] – [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]
* Viceroy of India – [[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|The Lord Irwin]]

==Events==
[[File:Gandhi at Dandi, 5 April 1930.jpg|thumb|150px|Gandhi at Dandi, 6 April 1930, at the end of the [[Salt Satyagraha|Salt March]]]]
* National income - {{INR}}31,435 million
* 26 January – The [[Indian National Congress]] declares January 26 as Independence Day, or the day for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).
* 28 February - Sir C V Raman Received Nobel Prize in Physics.
* 2 March – [[Mohandas Gandhi]] informs British [[viceroy of India]] that [[civil disobedience]] would begin nine days later.
* 12 March – Mohandas Gandhi sets off to a 200-mile protest march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest the British monopoly on [[salt]] – more will join them during the [[Salt March]] that ends on 5 April.
* 6 April – In an act of [[civil disobedience]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]] breaks British law after marching to the sea and taking [[salt]].
* 18 April – [[Chittagong armoury raid]] also known as Chittagong uprising.
* 30 April – The [[Vedaranyam March|Vedaranyam Salt satyagraha]] led by [[Rajaji]] and [[Sardar Vedaratnam|Sardar Vedarathinam Pillai]] culminates in South India
* 4–5 May – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested again.
* October – First Round Table Conference opens in London.<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 263</ref>
* 28 December – Mohandas Gandhi leaves for Britain for negotiations

==Law==
* Publication of the report of the Simon Commission.<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 263</ref>
*Sale of Goods Act
*Hindu Gains of Learning Act

==Births==

*3 June – [[George Fernandes]], politician (died [[2019 in India|2019]])<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations|title=Human Rights in India: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnHGvjghV9EC&pg=PA118|year=1976|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=118}}</ref>
*6 June – [[Sunil Dutt]], actor, producer, director and politician (died [[2005 in India|2005]]).
*7 June – [[Chitrananda Abeysekera]], Sri Lankan veteran broadcaster (died [[1992 in Sri Lanka|1992]])
*10 June – [[Satya Priya Mahathero]], Bangladeshi Buddhist pundit, religious leader and social worker (died [[2019 in Bangladesh|2019]])
*17 June – [[Anup Kumar (Bengali actor)|Anup Kumar]], actor (died [[1998 in India|1998]]).
*26 June – [[Mehli Irani]], cricketer (died [[2021 in India|2021]])
*30 June – [[Nabeesa Ummal]], politician (died [[2023 in India|2023]])
*9 July – [[Kailasam Balachander]], Producer, Director, Actor (died [[2014 in India|2014]]).
*11 July – [[Shafiqur Rahman Barq]], politician
*10 August – [[R. Nagaswamy]], historian and archaeologist (died [[2022 in India|2022]]).
*5 November – [[Arjun Singh (former politician)|Arjun Singh]], politician and Minister (died [[2011 in India|2011]]).
*15 November – [[Geeta Bali]], actress (died [[1965 in India|1965]]).
*18 November – [[Jai Narain Prasad Nishad]], politician (died [[2018 in India|2018]])<ref>{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm-7YfQrb8gC|year=2000|publisher=Parliament Secretariat|page=647}}</ref>
*23 November – [[Geeta Dutt]], [[playback singer]] (died [[1972 in India|1972]]).
*13 December – [[Jacob Thoomkuzhy]], [[Syro-Malabar Church|Syro-Malabar]] hierarch (died [[2025 in India|2025]]).

===Full date unknown===
*[[Bahadoor]], actor (died [[2000 in India|2000]]).

==Deaths==
* 10 February – [[Akshay Kumar Maitreya]], historian (born 1861)<ref>{{cite web |title=Maitreya, Akshay Kumar |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Maitreya,_Akshay_Kumar |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>
* 12 May [[Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal]] (born [[1858 in India|1858]])
* 16 September – [[Martial Paillot]], French Roman Catholic missionary, history professor and parish priest
* 28 September – T K Madhavan, the architect of Vaikam Sayagraham and organizing secretary of SNDP Yogam

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1930}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1930 In India}}
[[Category:1930 in India| ]]
[[Category:1930 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1930 in Asia]]
[[Category:1930s in India]]

{{India-year-stub}}

Kerala Grameena Bank

2026-02-03T02:37:23Z

Neeraj Singh Creator:

{{Short description|Indian regional rural Bank}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Kerala Grameena Bank
| former_name = Kerala Gramin Bank (2013–2025)
| logo = KGB logo.png
| native_name = '''കേരള ഗ്രാമീണ ബാങ്ക്'''
| type = [[Regional rural bank]]
| industry = [[Banking]] [[Financial services]]
| fate =
| predecessor = [[South Malabar Gramin Bank]] [[North Malabar Gramin Bank]]
| successor = 
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013|07|08}}
| founder = 
| defunct = 
| hq_location_city = [[Malappuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| hq_location_country =
| area_served = [[Kerala]], India
| num_locations = 635 branches (2026)
| key_people = Vimala Vijaya Bhaskar ([[Chairman]] )
| products = {{Bulleted_list|[[Retail banking|Consumer banking]]|[[Commercial bank|Corporate banking]]|[[Financial services|Finance and insurance]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s|[[Private banking]]|[[Savings]]|[[Asset management]]|[[Wealth management]]}}
| owner = [[Government of India]] (50%)
[[Government of Kerala]] (15%)
[[Canara Bank]] (35%)
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| website = {{URL|https://kgb.bank.in/}}
}}

'''Kerala Grameena Bank (KGB)''' is an Indian [[regional rural bank]] (RRB), headquartered in [[Malappuram]], [[Kerala]]. Like other RRBs, the [[Government of India]] holds the majority 50% shares, while the [[Government of Kerala]] holds 15% and [[Canara Bank]] owns the remaining 35% stake. On October 23, 2025, [[Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]] renamed several [[Regional Rural Bank]]s (RRBs) to align them with their states. According to Government of India Notification No. S.O. 4836(E) '''Kerala Gramin Bank''' became '''Kerala Grameena Bank'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egazette |title=Egazette |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/267093.pdf |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Egazette}}</ref>

== History ==
The bank was formed by amalgamating [[North Malabar Gramin Bank]] and [[South Malabar Gramin Bank]] on 8 July 2013 by the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]. The bank serves the area previously operated by the two banks. It is sponsored by [[Canara Bank]]. Like other RRBs, [[Government of India]] holds the majority 50 percent shares, while the [[Government of Kerala|state government]] and [[Canara Bank]] holds 15 percent and 35 percent, respectively. As of 2013, KGB had 504 branches and a total [[net worth]] of ₹471.58 crore and deposits of ₹7,266 crore and advances of ₹7,761 crore, with a total business of ₹15,027 crore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/formation-of-kerala-gramin-bank-notified-following-merger-of-two-rrbs/article4897744.ece |title=Formation of Kerala Gramin Bank notified following merger of two RRBs |work=Business Line|date=2013-07-09 |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Viswanath |first=Chandrakanth |url=http://newindianexpress.com/business/KGB-to-expand-operations-in-all-Panchayats/2013/07/15/article1684401.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060705/http://newindianexpress.com/business/KGB-to-expand-operations-in-all-Panchayats/2013/07/15/article1684401.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2013 |title=KGB to expand operations in all Panchayats |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2013-07-15 |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref>
[[File:KGBhq.jpg|thumb|alt=Kerala Grameena Bank Headquarters at [[Malappuram]]|Kerala Grameena Bank Headquarters at [[Malappuram]]]]
On October 23, 2025, [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]] renamed the bank from Kerala Gramin Bank to Kerala Grameena Bank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Renames Multiple Regional Rural Banks Across India |url=https://thekanal.in/en-IN/details/government-renames-multiple-regional-rural-banks-across-india-10547 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=thekanal.in}}</ref>

==Performance==
In 2021-2022 fiscal year, KGB made a profit of ₹124.14 crore, nearly four times compared to the profit of the previous fiscal year. The net interest income had grown by 23 percent and non-interest income by 27 percent. KGB had a deposit of ₹21,834 crore. The bank registered 8.4% growth in deposit. The credit also increased by 4.5 percent. With a clientele base of 92.34 lakh, KGB's total business grew by 6.50 percent to reach ₹41,113 crore, which was ₹38,607 crore in the previous fiscal.<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Kerala Gramin Bank improves performance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-gramin-bank-improves-performance/article65504678.ece |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 June 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[Kerala Bank]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|Https://www.kgb.bank.in|name=Official website}}

[https://netbanking.kgb.bank.in Internet Banking]

{{Canara Bank}}
{{Banking in India}}

[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]
[[Category:Banks based in Kerala]]
[[Category:Banks established in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Canara Bank]]

{{india-company-stub}}
{{asia-bank-stub}}

N. S. Chidambaram

2026-01-28T17:12:58Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created pg

{{Short description|Tamil journalist and scientific Tamil writer}}

'''N. S. Chidambaram''' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[journalist]] and Tamil scientific writer. He retired as a school [[physics]] teacher. For 19 years, he publishes a monthly [[magazine]] called ''Arivuchudar''. He currently runs a monthly magazine called ''Ariviyal Oli''. He received the National Science Award in year 2011 for this [[magazine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=அறிவியல் ஒளி இதழ் ஆசிரியருக்கு தேசிய அறிவியல் விருது |url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2012/Feb/22/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-462066.html |accessdate=26 February 2024 |agency=தினமணி}}</ref> He also received Pure Tamil Media Award in the year 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=தமிழ் அகராதியியல் நாள் விழா 13 பேருக்கு தூய தமிழ்ப் பற்றாளா் விருது |url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2022/Nov/08/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-13-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-3945957.html |accessdate=26 February 2024 |agency=தினமணி}}</ref> The [[government of Tamil Nadu]] honoured him with a state award "Singharavelar Award for the year 2022" for his scientific writing in Tamil Language.<ref>{{cite news |title=தமிழறிஞர்களுக்கு 2022ம் ஆண்டுக்கான விருதுகள் வழங்கல்... |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=3558352 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222230528/https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=3558352 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 22, 2024 |access-date=26 February 2024 |agency=தினமலர்}}</ref>

==Books==
* [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Laureates]] of Physics (Volume 1–15)(நோபெல் பரிசு பெற்ற இயற்பியலறிஞர்கள் (1–15 தொகுதி))

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chidambaram, N. S.}}
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Indian science writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Diocese of Jaipur

2026-01-26T06:45:04Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting a stub

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Jaipur
| latin = Dioecesis Iaipurensis
| local = जयपुर के सूबा
| image = Jaipur - Cathédrale Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation - 2.jpg
| image_size = frameless
| image_alt = The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation in Jaipur
| caption = The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation in Jaipur
| coat =
| coat_size =
| coat_alt =
| coat_caption =

| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory =
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra|Agra]]
| metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra|Agra]]
| deaneries =
| headquarters =
| coordinates =

| area_km2 = 129,060
| area_footnotes =
| population = 25,828,271
| population_as_of = 2006
| catholics = 4,096
| catholics_percent = 0.0
| parishes = 
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
| rite = [[Roman Rite]]
| established = 20 July 2005
| dissolved =
| cathedral = Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation in [[Jaipur]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Our Lady of the Annunciation]]
| priests = 

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| bishop = [[Joseph Kallarackal]]
| metro_archbishop = [[Raphy Manjaly]]
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops =
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general =
| judicial_vicar =
| emeritus_bishops = [[Oswald Lewis (bishop)|Oswald Lewis]]

| map = Map of Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaipur.png
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaipur''' (''Dioecesis Iaipurensis'') in [[India]] was created on 20 July 2005, when the [[Diocese of Ajmer|Diocese of Ajmer and Jaipur]] was split. It is a suffragan diocese of the [[Archdiocese of Agra]]. The parish church [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation in Jaipur|Our Lady of the Annunciation]] at [[Malviya Nagar (Jaipur)|Malviya Nagar]] is now the cathedral for the diocese.

The diocese covers 21 districts of the state of [[Rajasthan]]. Neighboring dioceses are the [[Diocese of Ajmer]] to the south, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Delhi|Archdiocese of Delhi]], the [[Diocese of Jalandhar]] and the [[Diocese of Simla-Chandigarh]] to the north, the [[Archdiocese of Agra]] and the [[Diocese of Gwalior]] to the east and [[Pakistan]] to the west.

==Leadership ==
* [[Oswald Lewis (bishop)|Oswald Lewis]] (20 July 2005<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 24 April 2023 | publisher = Holy See Press Office |url =https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/07/20/0384/00906.html | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 20.07.2005 | language = it }}</ref> – 22 April 2023)<ref name=kall>{{cite press release | access-date = 24 April 2023 | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date= 22 April 2023 | title= Resignations and Appointments, 22.04.2023 | url =https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/04/22/230422c.html }}</ref>
* [[Joseph Kallarackal]] (22 April 2023<ref name=kall/> – present)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jaip0.htm GCatholic.org]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djaip.html Catholic-hierarchy.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155131/http://www.fides.org/eng/news/2005/0507/21_5400.html Vatican press release on the creation]
{{commons category}}

{{coord|26.8587|N|75.8145|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaipur}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2005]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Rajasthan]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}
{{Rajasthan-geo-stub}}

Ajgaibinath Dham

2026-01-24T03:18:50Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Some Details Basic Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ajgaibinath Dham
| image = Ajgaibinath_temple_Day-View.png
| caption =
| map_type = India Bihar
| map_caption = Location in Bihar
| coordinates={{coord|25|15|08.6|N|86|44|03.5|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Bhagalpur]]
| location = [[Sultanganj]]
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Mahashivratri]], [[Shravani Mela]]
| architecture_style = [[Hindu temple]] architecture
| creator = Ancient sages (believed)
| established = [[Ancient era]]
}}

'''Ajgaibinath Dham''' (also known as '''Ajgaivinath Dham''') is an ancient [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Sultanganj]], [[Bhagalpur district]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]. Dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]], the temple holds immense religious and historical significance. It is uniquely situated on a rock [[island]] in the [[Ganges]] River and serves as a major [[pilgrimage]] destination, especially during the [[Shravani Mela]], when devotees collect holy water from the [[Ganges]] and carry it to [[Baidyanath Temple]] in [[Deoghar]]. The temple's name is derived from "Aj" (meaning invincible) and "Gaivinath" (a title of [[Shiva]]), and it is believed to be self-manifested.<ref name="gnttv">{{cite web |url=https://www.gnttv.com/religion/story/ajgaibinath-temple-is-very-special-for-shiva-devotees-know-why-priests-do-not-go-to-deoghar-1116213-2024-11-05 |title=Ajgaibinath Temple is very special for Shiva devotees |publisher=GNT TV |date=2024-11-05|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

== History and religious significance ==
The origins of Ajgaibinath Dham are traced back to the [[Treta Yuga]], with legends suggesting that [[Lord Rama]] worshipped Shiva here before his battle against Ravana. The temple has also been a site of deep [[meditation]] for ancient sages. Architecturally, it is a rock-carved temple, featuring a sacred Shiva Linga continuously bathed by the [[Ganges]]' waters.<ref name="prabhat1">{{cite news |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhagalpur/bhandara-in-ajgaibinath-mandir-sultanganj-bihar-news-in-shravani-mela?noamp=mobile |title=Bhandara in Ajgaibinath Mandir during Shravani Mela |publisher=Prabhat Khabar|date=2024-08-01|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref><ref name="zeenews1">{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/ranchi/sawan-2023-history-of-ajgaibinath-dham-mahant-not-enter-baidyanath-dham-know-the-reason/1762751 |title=History of Ajgaibinath Dham: Why Mahants don't enter Baidyanath Dham |publisher=Zee News|date=2023-07-03|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

The temple plays a central role in the annual [[Kanwar Yatra]], during which thousands of devotees collect water from Ajgaibinath Dham and nearby Ghats namely [[Namami Gange Ghat]] and carry it to [[Baidyanath Temple|Baidyanath Dham]] in [[Deoghar]]. The site is revered for its uninterrupted worship traditions, and it holds a unique distinction—its priests refrain from visiting [[Baidyanath Temple|Baidyanath Dham]], citing an age-old religious belief.<ref name="jagran1">{{cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-sawan-2023-devotees-take-jal-from-ajgaivinath-temple-sultanganj-bhagalpur-for-deoghar-23459156.html |title=Devotees take holy water from Ajgaibinath Temple to Deoghar |publisher=Dainik Jagran|date=2023-07-02|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref><ref name="livehindustan1">{{cite web |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-ajgaibinath-temple-is-very-special-for-shiva-devotees-know-why-priests-here-do-not-go-to-devghar-8540252.html |title=Why priests at Ajgaibinath Temple do not visit Deoghar |publisher=Live Hindustan|date=2023-08-06|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The temple is built on a small hill-like rock in the Ganga. Its surroundings and the tranquil flow of the river make it a peaceful and picturesque site. The temple features ancient carvings of deities and symbols that reflect the art and architectural styles of early Indian dynasties. The temple is made in [[Nagara Style]] of Art. The rocky foundation ensures the temple has withstood centuries of river currents, floods, and erosion, making it an enduring architectural wonder. It is shaped like a boat and it has a [[shikhara]] which was donated by Rani Kalavati in 1885.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar Sharma |first=Pawan |date=6 August 2023 |title='Ajgaibinath temple is very special for Shiva devotees. Know why priests here do not go to Deoghar" |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-ajgaibinath-temple-is-very-special-for-shiva-devotees-know-why-priests-here-do-not-go-to-devghar-8540252.html?utm_source=microsoft-livehindustan |website=[[Live Hindustan|Hindustan (newspaper)]]}}</ref>

== Folklore ==
The Mahants (head priests) of the Ajgaibinath Temple in Sultanganj traditionally do not visit the Baidyanath Temple in Deoghar, and this practice has deep-rooted religious and mythological reasons tied to beliefs and customs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sawan 2023: अजगैबीनाथ धाम का रोचक है इतिहास, महंत नहीं करते बैद्यनाथ धाम में प्रवेश, वजह उड़ा देगी होश |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/ranchi/sawan-2023-history-of-ajgaibinath-dham-mahant-not-enter-baidyanath-dham-know-the-reason/1762751 |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>

# According to a popular legend, Lord Shiva chose this place as his dwelling, blessing it with his eternal presence.
# '''Sage Jahnu and Ganga''': It is believed that Sage Jahnu, who is mentioned in the Mahabharata and Puranas, meditated near this region. The river Ganga is also linked to the legend of Sage Jahnu, who swallowed her and released her later, earning her the name '''Jahnavi'''.
# '''Sacred Site for Meditation''': Many sages and saints are believed to have meditated at this temple due to its tranquil location near the river and its spiritual vibrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-17 |title=अजगैबीनाथ मंदिर का है विशेष महत्व, मांगलिक कार्य के लिए कराना पड़ता है बुकिंग, यहां से ले सकते हैं रसीद |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/bhagalpur-ancient-temple-of-bhgahalpur-ajgaibinath-temple-has-religious-importance-booking-to-be-done-for-auspicious-work-local18-8838286.html |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Tourism and development ==
Ajgaibinath Dham has been at the center of restoration efforts, with authorities working to preserve its historical and [[cultural heritage]]. The [[Vice-Chancellor]] of a local university initiated a conservation plan, and religious organizations have advocated for its recognition as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref name="livehindustan2">{{cite news |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-vice-chancellor-dr-jawahar-lal-visits-ajgaivinath-temple-initiates-restoration-plans-201738016893307.html |title=Vice-Chancellor Dr. Jawahar Lal visits Ajgaibinath Temple, initiates restoration plans |publisher=Live Hindustan|date=2025-01-25|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref><ref name="bhaskar">{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/bhagalpur/sultanganj/news/ajgaibinath-temple-should-be-included-in-the-world-heritage-and-developed-134374895.html |title=Ajgaibinath Temple should be included in World Heritage Sites |publisher=Dainik Bhaskar|date=2025-01-27|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

The temple has become a significant religious [[tourism]] site, attracting both domestic and international visitors. A [[River cruise|cruise]] service from [[Kolkata]], RV Pandav, now facilitates access for foreign tourists.<ref name="livehindustan3">{{cite news |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-foreign-tourists-arrive-at-ajgaivinath-temple-via-rv-pandav-cruise-in-kolkata-201737494896200.html |title=Foreign tourists arrive at Ajgaibinath Temple via RV Pandav Cruise |publisher=Live Hindustan|date=2025-01-22|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref> However, [[Natural environment|environmental]] concerns such as severe riverbank [[erosion]] pose threats to its accessibility and structural stability, prompting urgent conservation efforts.<ref name="livehindustan4">{{cite web |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/bhagalpur/story-continuous-erosion-disrupts-access-to-ajgaivinath-temple-201736978147209.html |title=Continuous erosion disrupts access to Ajgaibinath Temple |publisher=Live Hindustan|date=2025-01-16|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

To further elevate its religious prominence, a proposal has been approved to rename [[Sultanganj]] as "Ajgaibinath Dham."<ref name="zeenews2">{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhagalpur/sultanganj-will-now-be-ajgaibinath-dham-municipal-council-passes-proposal-to-change-name-decision-on-state-gov/2308504 |title=Sultanganj will now be Ajgaibinath Dham: Municipal council passes proposal |publisher=Zee News|date=2024-06-26|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref> Furthermore, [[Sultanganj]] Railway Station is set to be renamed after the temple to reflect its [[cultural]] and [[Spirituality|spiritual]] importance.<ref name="financialexpress">{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-sultanganj-railway-station-in-bihar-to-be-renamed-heres-why-3656366/ |title=Sultanganj Railway Station to be renamed after Ajgaibinath Temple |publisher=Financial Express|date=2024-11-04|access-date=2025-02-01}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Baidyanath Temple]]
* [[Sultanganj]]
* [[Deoghar]]
* [[Namami Gange Ghat]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Hindu holy cities}}
{{Bihar}}
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu worship]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bhagalpur District]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Bihar]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Bhagalpur District]]
[[Category:Pilgrimage in Bihar]]

Bhai Mahavir

2026-01-19T00:01:19Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: further refine information for accuracy and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Bhai Mahavir
|image = Dr. B. Mahavir Pic Black and White.jpg
|caption = Dr. Bhai Mahavir
|order = 12th
|office = Governor of Madhya Pradesh
|term_start = 22 April 1998
|term_end = 7 May 2003
|1blankname = Chief Minister
|1namedata = [[Digvijaya Singh]]
|predecessor = [[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]]
|successor = [[Ram Prakash Gupta]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1921|10|30|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2016|12|3|1922|10|30|df=y}}
|death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
|spouse = Krishna Kumari
|children = 2 (One : Pratibha Sharma)
|father = [[Bhai Parmanand]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Bhai Mahavir''' (30 October 1922 – 3 December 2016) was an Indian politician who was governor of the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] between April 1998 and March 2003. He was a [[RSS pracharak|pracharak]] of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and served as a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He has authored many books and had served two terms prior to his governorship as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]. He had an M.A. and Ph.D. in economics and studied law (LLB) from the University of Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajbhavanmp.and.in/Mahavir.asp |title=Former Governors of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Raj Bhavan, Bhopal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162434/http://www.rajbhavanmp.ind.in/mahavir.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>

== Life and career ==
Bhai Mahavir was the son of [[Bhai Parmanand]], a [[Mohyal]] ([[Saraswat Brahmin]]), member of [[Arya Samaj]] and a leader of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]].{{sfn|Bapu|2013}} He grew up with an Arya Samaj background and went to study at the [[Dayanand College|Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College]] in [[Lahore]]. His ancestors were famous martyrs of Sikhism i.e. Bhai Matidas and Bhai Satidas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=देश पर शहीद भाई मती दास-जती दास के वंशज थे डॉ.महावीर|url=https://www.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-mahavir-was-descendants-of-martyre-of-bhai-mati-dasjati-das-15147461.html|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>

Mahavir joined the RSS in 1938, in a ''shakha'' established by Raja Bhau Paturkar in Lahore. He became a [[RSS pracharak|pracharak]] in 1942, and worked in that capacity in [[Jalandhar]] for 2 years. Between 1944 and 1947 he was the Secretary of RSS in Lahore. {{sfn|Jaffrelot|2011|p = 288}} After the [[Partition of India|partition]], he settled down in Jalandhar and worked as a lecturer. He moved to Delhi in 1956, working as a lecturer in the Panjab University College established for the Panjabi refugees.{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2011|p = 288}}

Towards the end of 1950, [[Shyama Prasad Mookerjee]] gathered in Delhi a core group of activists to form a new political party, the future [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]. Bhai Mahavir was among this group, along with [[Vasantrao Oak]] and [[Balraj Madhok]], all RSS'' Pracharaks''. The three of them founded the Panjab-Delhi branch of the Jana Sangh in Jalandhar on 27 May 1951, which later became part of the nationwide `Bharatiya' Jana Sangh established on 21 October. Mahavir was named a General Secretary of the nationwide party. He served in that capacity for one year, succeeded by [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]] in 1952. He continued on the Working Committee of the Jana Sangh, along with several other RSS leaders who controlled the policy line of Jana Sangh. {{sfn|Jaffrelot|1996|pp = 117-119}}{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2011|p = 289}} After the death of Mookerjee in 1953, the RSS members of the Working Committee forced out the next elected President [[Mauli Chandra Sharma]], in effect taking full control of the Jana Sangh. {{sfn|Jaffrelot|1996|p = 122}}

Mahavir continued in senior positions in the Jana Sangh and later in [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] during 1968-74 and 1978–84. In 1998, he was appointed the Governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and served a full term till 2003.

== Personal life ==
Bhai Mahavir had two daughters and three grandchildren. He was married to Krishna Kumari who died in New Delhi on 14 December 2012. Bhai Mahavir died at his home in Delhi on 3 December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=मप्र के पूर्व राज्यपाल भाई महावीर का निधन, शिवराज ने शोक जताया|url=http://www.india.com/hindi-news/india-hindi/former-madhya-pradesh-governor-bhai-mahavir-died-mourned-by-shivraj/|publisher=India.com|access-date=18 January 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118213117/http://www.india.com/hindi-news/india-hindi/former-madhya-pradesh-governor-bhai-mahavir-died-mourned-by-shivraj/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
'''Sources'''
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bapu |first=Prabhu |title=Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0415671651 }}
* {{cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=1996 |isbn=978-1850653011 }}
* {{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe |authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|year=2011|publisher=C Hurst & Co|isbn=978-1849041386 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Governors of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahavir, Bhai}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jhansi]]
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Governors of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]

{{Delhi-BJP-politician-stub}}

Anjuman Syedzadgan

2026-01-18T08:03:31Z

Neeraj Singh Creator:

{{Short description|Indian representative body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Anjuman Syedzadgan Ajmer
| formation = 1947
| full_name = Anjuman Moinia Fakhria Chishtiya Khuddam Khwaja Saheb ( Syedzadgan)
| type = Registered Society
| headquarters = Dargah Bazar, [[Ajmer]]
| membership = 2100
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Syed Ghulam Qibria Chishty
| leader_title2 = Secretary
| leader_name2 = Syed Sarwar Chishty
}}

'''Anjuman Moinia Fakhriya Chishtiya Khuddam Khwaja Saheb''' or '''Anjuman Khuddam Syedzadgan'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-03-08 |title=Ajmer dargah head to boycott Pakistan PM |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ajmer-dargah-head-to-boycott-pakistan-pm/article4488451.ece |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is an Indian representative body of Khadims of [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah|Ajmer Sharif]] Dargah for the affairs and rights of the Khadim Community,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Currie |first=P. M. |title=The shrine and cult of Muʻīn al-Dīn Chishtī of Ajmer |date=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-562202-2 |location=Delhi |oclc=20989915}}</ref> registered under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860|Society Registration Act, 1860]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khadims at Ajmer dargah remember its 'peace-loving faithful' - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/khadims-at-ajmer-dargah-remember-its--peaceloving-faithful-/255118/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Shoeb |last2=Gaur |first2=Kshitiz |title=Ajmer dargah still awaits Asif Ali Zardari's Rs 5cr {{!}} Jaipur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/ajmer-dargah-still-awaits-asif-ali-zardaris-rs-5cr/articleshow/15263799.cms |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anjuman Syed Zadgan: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Anjuman Syed Zadgan {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/anjuman-syed-zadgan |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Syed Nazeer |title=Muin ul Awliya |date=April 1989 |publisher=Syed Anwar Ali Chishty Publication, Ajmer |location=Ajmer Sharif |pages=200 |language=ur}}</ref>

The Khadims of Ajmer Sharif (trans: Caretakers of Ajmer Sharif) is a community founded in [[Ajmer]] only who belongs to the [[Sayyid]] lineage and are descendants of Syed Khwaja Fakhruddin Gurdezi.<ref>Bhattacharyya, B. (2009). Theory and Practice of Case Method of Instruction. Excel Books India. {{ISBN|978-81-7446-558-0}}.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Dargah Committee, Ajmer]]
* [[Anderkoti]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Islamic organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Sufism in India]]
[[Category:Ajmer]]
{{India-ethno-stub}}
{{Islam-stub}}
{{India-org-stub}}

.242 Rimless Nitro Express

2026-01-09T12:52:54Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New Some Article Added Tags.

{{Short description|UK centerfire rifle cartridge}}
{{Infobox Firearm Cartridge
|name= .242 Rimless Nitro Express
|image=
|caption=
|origin= [[United Kingdom]]
|type= Rifle

|designer= [[Kynoch]]
|design_date=1923
|manufacturer=
|production_date=1923–present
|number=
|variants=

|is_SI_specs=
|parent=
|case_type=[[Rim (firearms)#Rimless|Rimless]], bottleneck
|bullet=.253
|neck=.281
|shoulder=.405
|base=.465
|rim_dia=.465
|rim_thick=
|case_length=2.38
|length=3.2
|rifling=
|primer=.217/54


|is_SI_ballistics=
|bw1=100
|btype1=
|vel1=2800
|en1=1740
|bw2=
|btype2=
|vel2=
|en2=
|bw3=
|btype3=
|vel3=
|en3=
|test_barrel_length=
|balsrc=Cartridges of the World.{{r|Barnes}}
}}
The '''.242 Rimless Nitro Express''', also known as the '''.242 Vickers''' and initially called the '''.242 Manton''', was a rimless bottleneck [[Centerfire ammunition|centerfire]] rifle [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] developed by [[Kynoch]] for [[Joseph Manton|J. Manton]] & Co of [[Calcutta]] and introduced in 1923.{{r|Barnes|IWM}}

The .242 Rimless is very similar to the [[.243 Winchester]] in performance, although the cartridge is significantly longer. It fired a 100 gr projectile at 2800 fps.{{r|Barnes|IWM}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+.242 Vickers Performance Comparison
! Cartridge !! Bullet weight !! Muzzle velocity !! Muzzle energy
|-
| '''.242 Rimless Nitro Express''' || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2800|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|1740|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.240 Apex]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2900|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|1865|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.240 Weatherby Magnum]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|3406|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2576|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.243 Winchester]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2960|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|1945|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.243 Winchester Super Short Magnum]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|3110|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2147|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.244 H&H Magnum]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|3500|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2720|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[.246 Purdey]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2950|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|1930|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[6 mm Lee Navy]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2680|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|1595|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[6 mm Remington]] || {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} || {{convert|3100|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} || {{convert|2133|ft·lbf|J|abbr=on}}
|}

==See also==
*[[Nitro Express]]
*[[List of rifle cartridges]]
*[[6 mm caliber#Rifle cartridges|6mm rifle cartridges]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=Barnes>{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=Frank C. |author-link=Frank Barnes (gunsmith) |date=2000 |editor=M.L. McPherson |title=[[Cartridges of the World]] |edition=9th |location=Iola, WI |publisher=Krause Publications |pages=351 |isbn=978-0-87341-909-3 }}</ref>

<ref name=IWM>{{cite web |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30027351 |title= Kynoch: .242 Vickers Rimless Nitro Express |author= |date=2020 |website=Imperial War Museums |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cartridgecollector.net/242-rimless-nitro-express-vickers ".242 Rimless Nitro Express (Vickers)", ''cartridgecollector.net''], retrieved 12 February 2017.

{{DEFAULTSORT:242}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:British firearm cartridges]]

{{ammo-stub}}

E. Chandrasekharan

2025-12-24T09:44:00Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: refined page to improve readability and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP one source|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = E. Chandrasekharan
| image =E. Chandrasekharan.jpg
| image_size = 210px
| caption = E. Chandrasekharan
| office = [[First Vijayan ministry|Minister for Revenue and Housing]], [[Government of Kerala]]
| term_start = 25 May 2016
|term_end=3 May 2021
| predecessor = [[Adoor Prakash]]
| office2 = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 1 June 2011
|predecessor2=''constituency created''
| constituency2 = [[Kanhangad (State Assembly constituency)|Kanhangad]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|12|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Perumbala]], [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]], [[Kerala]], India
| nationality = [[India]]n
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| spouse = Savithri
| children = 1
| parents = {{ubl|P. Kunhiraman Nair|E. Parvathi Amma}}
| source = http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/mem/e_chandrasekharan.htm
| successor = [[K. Rajan (politician)|K. Rajan]]
}}

'''Edayillam Chandrasekharan''' (born 26 December 1948) is an Indian [[politician]] from [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]], and is the former Revenue Minister of Kerala in the [[First Vijayan ministry|Pinarayi Vijayan Ministry]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/29%2520Chandrasekharan%2520E.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123045411/http://niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/29%20Chandrasekharan%20E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He is the son of P. Kunhiraman Nair and Edayillam Parvathi Amma; born at Perumbala on 26 December 1948.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/members/e_chandrasekharan.htm|title = Members - Kerala Legislature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/29%2520Chandrasekharan%2520E.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123045411/http://niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/29%20Chandrasekharan%20E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He is presently representing [[Kanhangad (State Assembly constituency)|Kanhangad]] assembly constituency since 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/members/e_chandrasekharan.htm|title = Members - Kerala Legislature}}</ref> Additionally, Member, C.P.I., State Secretariat (Since 2005) [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI).

==Positions held==
*Taluk Secretary, A.I.Y.F., Kasaragod (1970)
*District Secretary, A.I.Y.F., Kannur (1975)
*Member, CPI, State Council (1976)
*State Joint Secretary, A.I.Y.F. (1979)
*Member, C.P.I., Kasaragod Taluk Committee
*District Secretariat Member Kannur
*Member, Chemmanadu Grama Panchayat (1979–84)
*Assistant District Secretary, C.P.I., Kasaragod (1984)
*District Secretary, C.P.I. (1987)
*State Executive Member, C.P.I. (1998)
*Member, Kerala State Village Development Board (1987–91)
*Director Board Member, Kerala Agro Machineries Corporation (1991–96)
*Member, State Land Reforms Review Committee (2008-2010)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|E. Chandrasekharan}}
* [https://niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/content/member_homepage/2352 Chandrashekharan MLA]

{{Pinarayi Vijayan Cabinet 2016 |state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrasekharan, E.}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Revenue ministers of Kerala]]

Sarada (lizard)

2025-12-16T03:59:14Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: made initial data first draft

{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Sarada''
| image = Superb large fan-throated lizard Sarada superba by Krishna Khan.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Sarada superba]]'' adult male.
| taxon = Sarada
| authority = Deepak, Karanth and Giri, 2016<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/><ref name=RDB/>
| type_species = ''[[Sarada deccanensis|Sitana deccanensis]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1870
}}

'''''Sarada''''' is a genus of [[lizard]]s in the family [[Agamidae]].<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/><ref name=RDB/> The common name '''large fan-throated lizards''' has been coined for this genus. It is the sister genus of ''[[Sitana]]''; together they form a group known as the fan-throated lizards. The genus, consisting of three species, was erected in 2016 on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies from across peninsular India.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016">{{cite journal|title= Systematics and phylogeny of ''Sitana'' (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species|journal= Contributions to Zoology|volume= 85|issue= 1|pages= 67–111|year= 2016|author1= Deepak, V.|author2= Giri, Varad B.|author3= Asif, M.|author4= Dutta, S.K.|author5= Vyas, R.|author6= Zambre, Amod M.|author7= Bhosale, Harshal|author8= Karanth, K. Praveen|doi= 10.1163/18759866-08501004|url= http://www.contributionstozoology.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8501a04|doi-access= free|archive-date= 2017-02-15|access-date= 2016-09-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170215234204/http://www.contributionstozoology.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8501a04|url-status= dead}}</ref>

The scientific name ''Sarada'' finds its origin in a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] word ({{Lang|mr|सरडा}} [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: saraḍā) used to refer to [[Agamidae]]. All known members of this genus are restricted to two [[India]]n states, [[Maharashtra]] and northern parts of [[Karnataka]].<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>

==Species==
The three species are listed here alphabetically:<ref name=RDB/>
*''[[Sarada darwini]]'' Deepak, Karanth, Dutta and Giri, 2016 – Darwin's large fan-throated lizard
*''[[Sarada deccanensis]]'' (Jerdon, 1870) – Deccan fan-throated lizard
*''[[Sarada superba]]'' Deepak, Zambre, Bhosale and Giri, 2016 – superb large fan-throated lizard

==References==
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB genus|genus=Sarada |date=17 September |year=2016}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q25352078}}

[[Category:Sarada (lizard)]]
[[Category:Lizard genera]]
[[Category:Lizards of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Veerappan Deepak]]

Dariyapur, Naubatpur

2025-12-11T15:46:28Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: starting post

{{Short description|Village and Gram Panchayat in Naubatpur, Patna, Bihar}}

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Daryapur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| mapframe = no
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.51|N|84.96|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| area_total_ha = 408
| population_total = 4284
| population_as_of = 2011
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 801109
}}

'''Dariyapur''' (also spelled '''Dariapur''') is a village and [[Gram Panchayat]] in [[Naubatpur]] block of [[Patna district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/299 |title=Census of India 2011 - Bihar - Series 11 - Part XII B - District Census Handbook, Patna |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |year=2014 |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref>

==Geography==
Dariyapur is located in Naubatpur subdivision, approximately 4 km from the sub-district headquarters of Naubatpur and 38 km from the district headquarters Patna.<ref name="census2011"/> The village has a geographical area of 408 hectares.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Dariyapur had a population of 4,284, comprising 2,232 males and 2,052 females, with a [[sex ratio]] of 919 females per 1,000 males.<ref name="census2011"/> The village has 727 households.

The village had 777 children in the age group 0-6 years. The literacy rate of Dariyapur was 53.80%, with male literacy at 62.63% and female literacy at 44.20%.<ref name="census2011"/>

==Administration==
Dariyapur functions as its own Gram Panchayat and is part of Naubatpur block panchayat. The village code is 245491 according to Census 2011 records.<ref name="census2011"/> The postal pincode is 801109.

== Gram Panchayat and Governance ==
Dariyapur Gram Panchayat is registered on the eGramSwaraj portal, the Government of India's digital platform for Panchayati Raj institutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://egramswaraj.gov.in/ |title=eGramSwaraj Portal |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref> The Panchayat manages local governance functions including rural development, infrastructure projects, and welfare schemes.

The village participates in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program, which provides employment opportunities to rural households.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nregastrep.nic.in/ |title=NREGA MIS Reports |publisher=Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref>

== Development and Schemes ==
As part of Bihar's rural development initiatives, Dariyapur has access to various central and state government schemes. The village is covered under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) for rural road connectivity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pmgsy.nic.in/ |title=Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana |publisher=Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref>

The Panchayat directory maintained by the Government of Bihar lists Dariyapur as an active Gram Panchayat in Naubatpur block.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://panchayatdarpan.gov.in/ |title=Panchayat Darpan Portal |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
The village has a primary school, P.S. Dariapur Tola, which serves the local community. As per 2011 census data, the village had access to public and private bus services within 5-10 km distance, and a railway station is available within 10+ km distance.<ref name="census2011"/>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Patna district]]

Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow

2025-11-26T01:16:49Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: made the article and citations

{{Short description|Indian monastic organisation for men}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=July 2015}}{{refimprove|date=July 2015}}}}

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow श्री रामकृष्ण मठ, लखनऊ
| image = Emblem-Ramakrishna-Mission-Transparent.png
| alt =
| caption = [[Ramakrishna_Mission#Emblem|Emblem]]
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|26|52|27|N|80|56|24|E|type:landmark_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Lucknow]]
| location = Nirala Nagar, Lucknow
| elevation_m =
| festivals =
| architecture = Fusion of [[Hindu]], [[Buddhist]], [[Rajput]], [[Christian architecture|Christian]] styles
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions = none
| year_completed = 1987
| creator = [[Ramakrishna Mission]]
| website = {{url|http://www.ramakrishnalucknow.org|ramakrishnalucknow.org}}
}}

'''Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow''' is a [[Monasticism|monastic organisation]] for men created by [[Ramakrishna]] (1836–1886), a 19th-century saint of [[Bengal]]. The motto of the Ramakrishna Math and [[Ramakrishna Mission]] is: "For one's own salvation, and for the welfare of the world". It contains idols of [[Ramakrishna]], [[Swami Vivekananda]] and [[Sarada Devi|Holy Mother Sarada Devi]].<ref name=NP>{{Cite web|title = Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow|url = http://www.nativeplanet.com/lucknow/attractions/ramakrishna-math/|website = www.nativeplanet.com|accessdate = 2015-07-19}}</ref>

== History ==
In 1857, with the end of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]], the Nawabi era also came to a halt. English took over the reins of several regions in [[North India|Northern India]]. To help them in their work, several educated people and senior officials from [[Bengal]] travelled out to various regions, with some coming and settling in [[Lucknow]]. Around this time the Great Indian Sage, [[Swami Vivekananda]], took upon himself the task of spreading the message of his teacher, Sri Ramakrishna: ''That God lives in each human being, so service to man is service to God''. With this, a new school of thought began to evolve in the late nineteenth century in India. In no time he had a great following, especially from amongst the youth of the country.

The first set-ups in Northern India took shape in the religiously historical towns of [[Kankhal]], [[Varanasi]], [[Vrindavan|Vrindaban]] and [[Allahabad]]. Soon, the set-up arrived in Lucknow and a centre was established under the leadership of Sarat Chandra Bandhopadhaya. He had a large following of devoted youths who would gather every evening to discuss the paths laid out by Swamiji to relieve India of misery and pain. What inspired these torchbearers most was that Swamiji had himself travelled through their city on different occasions, on one such occasion, he had reached Lucknow with some of his brother disciples.

Swami Vivekananda reached Lucknow in 1888, while on pilgrimage to Varanasi and [[Ayodhya]]. The Islamic culture and history of this ancient Nawabi state had impressed Swamiji to such a great extent that he revisited the place when his followers from Lucknow requested him to spend some time with them. In the summer of 1897, Vivekananda thus broke journey on his way to [[Kathgodam]] to be with these friend-followers. Exactly a year later, May 1898, he again visited Lucknow. This time he was on his way to meet the Seviers who had invited him to [[Almora]]. This visit is indeed historical as his brother disciples [[Turiyananda]], [[Niranjanananda Saraswati|Niranjananda]], as well as his own disciples [[Sadananda]], [[Sister Nivedita]], and Macleod accompanied him.

During this tour Swamiji was acquainted with a local Muslim leader in Nainital, Md. Sarfaraz Hussain. He wrote a letter to Hussain on 10 June 1898 which reveals Vivekananda's belief that synthesis of all religious ideals is the exact essence of India.

Towards the end of the following year Vivekananda once again for the last time halted in this city, though for a few hours, during his visit to Mayavati.

It was with these inspiring landmarks, that Sarat Chandra Bandopadhaya had begun the task of serving the people here. He with his men had a tiny shack in Gulab-Niketan, Hewett Road. Not much had been recorded during Bandopadhaya's time. Later many from far and wide were drawn towards the activities of this centre especially when one Brahmachari Biresh Chaitanya took up the missionary work. People say that in all probability it was Sarat who gave up on his worldly life and had been named Biresh Chaitanya.

With the passage of time the need for a larger space was felt. At this juncture, an eminent Bengalee Barrister of the city and music lover, [[Atulprasad Sen|Atul Prasad Sen]] coaxed the city municipality to hand over some worthy place to these monks. An apt place in Aminabad was given immediately to the group and work began with full fervour from this new centre. The centre began functioning under a managing committee in an organized way since early 1924, when it came to be known as the [[Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama]]. It was then affiliated to its headquarters at [[Belur Math|Belur]], in [[Howrah district|Howrah District]], [[West Bengal]] in July 1925.

The first records available are from the Accounts details of different centres that are kept at Belur Math. The records of 1924-25 states that a group of dedicated monks are running a centre from Aminabad under the management of a local committee. The records further state that annually there visited 17,628 patients who were attended to in the outdoor unit. Besides, 215 ailing were given financial aid. Both during the communal strife and the [[Floods in Lucknow]], this group took up immense relief in 1924. A school was also run, where free education was imparted during the evening hours to the labourers and their children. Around 24 students from them were also given financial aid to pursue further studies. A small library was set up for the general public within the same premises.

The next records are those available in the records of General Body Meeting of the year 1925-1927. Here the status of the new Sevashrama at Lucknow was publicly announced. It was during these years that for the first time someone from Belur Math was assigned to take up the reins of the work of the Missionary at Lucknow. Swami Deveshananda, popularly addressed as Prabhas Maharaj thus reached Lucknow in July 1925. In the following General Body Meeting records (1928- 1930), the number of patients at the Outdoor clinic increased by a hundred (17728), along with this for the first time an Emergency Department was opened, and an indoor facility was set up with only two beds.

The next three years witnessed 143 patients visiting the Outdoor clinic daily, whereas 141 patients were attended to in the indoor facility. There were 60 students attending the night school whereas the library had 1377 books. Around this time the local committee was finally set up under the leadership of Swami Sarvananda from Belur Math. Nalini Behari Haldar, the then secretary of the committee, helped him. Swami Deveshananda continued to work along with the newly appointed Head.

At the annual meeting at Belur, suggestions to have a hospital at Lucknow was taken up in July 1925. A dispensary was started in Aminabad which catered to the medical needs of all irrespective of caste or creed. The generous attitude of the monks here attracted hundreds of patients from all over the city, and in no time it popularly came to be known as' Swami-ji- ka dawakhana'; (The Swamiji's Hospital).

[[Swami Lokeshwarananda]] (himself a doctor) was especially sent, from Belur Math in 1938, who became extremely popular during his stay in Lucknow. In the following year, May 1939, Swami Virajananada, the President of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, Belur, visited the clinic. He was extremely moved and happy, looking at the work of the Sadhus in Lucknow. The Sadhus would spend not less than four to five hours daily attending to each patient personally.

Around this time a library and a school was set up in the same premises. In 1949 Swami Gaurishwarananda (Rammoy Maharaj) was sent as the head of the centre in Lucknow and he served the centre till 1966 when he left for Belur Math. He was a direct disciple of [[Sarada Devi|Sri Ma Sarada Devi]]. His childlike simplicity and love for nature made him a popular Sadhu in no time. Till date, he is remembered as one of the most affectionate monks of the Math in Lucknow.

At one time all this appeared almost impossible, especially with the kind of problems the monks had to face in Aminabad. With the Sevashram having no outward symbol, people from a different community were planning to build their worship centre in the park right opposite the monastery. Besides violating the municipality rule, this would also mean a source of disturbance to the usual serene and quiet atmosphere that is imperative for the Ramakrishna Math. It was a difficult task to convince these enthusiasts that a temple dedicated to Sri Ramakrishna, Sarada Ma and Vivekananda was present inside the premises that they believed was only a medical centre.

The local devotees came to the support of the monks and quickly constructed a tiny Shiva temple and began to worship it. Rammoy Maharaj remained amazed at this help extended by the devotees, which solved the problem once and for all. Work carried on smoothly thereafter. The Shiva temple since then has been worshipped, till date people believe that this temple has divine powers of removing all hurdles.

During his tenure, the Sevashram moved from its 43-year-old abode in Aminabad to Chandganj in the trans-Gomti area. Impressed with the missionary work, the then Chief Minister, [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta|Chandrabhanu Gupta]], the first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, handed over 4.86 acres of land to the Monks who were all out to serve the people in this area.

After the land was handed over by Chandrabhanu Gupta, construction work of the Vivekananda Polyclinic and the Ashrama gradually gained momentum. The area soon was named Vivekanandapuram. On 5 January 1967, the Sevashram finally shifted here under Swami Sridharananda (Salil Mahraj) who was heading the institute in Lucknow at that time. In June 1970, the President of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission, Belur, Swami Vireshwarananda formally inaugurated the Polyclinic.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Ramakrishna Math & Mission, Lucknow|url = http://www.ramakrishnalucknow.org/thebeginning.php|website = www.ramakrishnalucknow.org|accessdate = 2015-07-19}}</ref>

== Temple ==
The new temple was constructed adjacent to the old shrine and opened on 2 February 1987. The temple is built in marble, a favourite of the Mughal architect emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. The marble has been especially obtained from the mines of [[Bundi]] and [[Makrana]]. To add an element of contrast, a style innovated by the Mughals, (using red sandstone along with marble) has been adopted in this temple.

The figures from mythology such as the '''Shankha''' (conch shell), '''Chakra''' (disc), '''Padma''' (lotus), '''Trishul''' (Trident), '''Damaru''' (drum), '''Vajra''' (Thunderbolt) and '''Hansas''' (swans) have all been painted with red cement. These have been placed right from the gateway to the temple door.

The temple stands out as a unique combination of various styles of architecture that includes those imbibed by the [[Chandela|Chandellas]], [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]] and [[Pallavas]] of Southern India besides the Mughals and the Jains.

=== Gateway ===
There is an elaborate gate that leads to the main temple; the stairway is made out of streaked Makarana Marble, like the rest of the temple.

Both sides of this gateway are adorned by the figures of '''Gaja''', (the elephant), '''Nandi''' (the bull), '''Shardul''' (the lion) and '''[[Garuda]]''', the carriers of [[Lakshmi]], [[Shiva]], [[Shaktism|Shakti]] and [[Vishnu]] respectively. Red cement has been used aesthetically in figures etc. Though figurines from Indian mythology have been placed artistically right up to the door of the main shrine,

At the main gate of the temple, the Logo (monogram) of the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission has been fixed inside huge glass frames right above the door. At the gate of the Natmandir two intricately carved wooden ''dwarpalas'' (doorkeepers) - Jaya and Vijaya, of about three feet height appear guarding the temple.

These are well synchronized with carvings on the wooden doors of about eight feet by fourteen feet. Keeping to mythology, [[Ganesha|Ganeshji]] is seated right above the Gate of Natmandir. It has been beautifully etched out in combinations of brass and copper. A similar form is seen on the Gate of Garbha Mandira below which is the [[Dashavatara]] (ten incarnations of Vishnu) carved on a wooden panel. The door to the Garbha Griha is flanked on either side by carved peacocks, which are associated to [[Kartikeya|God Kartikeya]]. All these including the two flags that are on the top of this door reminds of the Southern [[Gopurams]].

=== The Garbha Mandir (Sanctum Santorum) ===
The Garbha Griha which is the innermost chamber of the temple has nine domes, which is a copy similar to the temple dedicated to Shri Ramakrishna at [[Belur Math]]. Four domes in four corners surround a centre dome and lending a stair-like effect with identical four domes that are constructed right beneath the upper four domes.

Emulating the Bengal school of architecture, four umbrellas have been built on four sides of the main dome. The windows and terraces are a copy of the Rajput style of architecture, while the cemented lattice design (Jali) resembles Muslim architecture. The height of main dome is 90 feet from the ground. Inside the Sanctum Sanctorum cut out profiles from photos of Sri Ramakrishna, Sri Sri Ma Sarada Devi and Swami Vivekananda have been placed. These are worshipped daily. The photos have been enlarged digitally and then painted in oil colour media.

The canopy on the top is fixed on a wooden frame on which a Hansh (swan), lotus, and a damru (a tiny drum) and a trishul (trident) have been carved out. The 'Holy Trinity' is seated under this canopy, on three respective marble pedestals, atop which a wooden lotus has been carved out. A Hamsa(Swan), Padma(Lotus) and Vajra (thunderbolt) have been fixed at the middle of each of these pedestals at about one foot from the floor. Above the deity is the main dome decorated in heavy Zari, which is essentially Muslim style. By the side of the Sanctum Sanctorum is the Shayan Ghar (resting-place) for deities the furniture, which have been especially designed and made in [[Gujarat]]. To create the apt ethos, different symbols like [[Kamadhenu]] (wish-fulfilling celestial cow), [[Airavata|Airavat]] (celestial elephant) related to Hindu Mythology have liberally used on the doors and glass panes.

=== The Nat Mandir (Prayer Hall) ===
The floor of the congregation hall is done up decoratively with geometric patterns created out of contrasting colours of white marble and brown Kumri range stone. Lotus made out of large copper plates have been placed artistically on the floor, which once again adds to the religious mood of the temple. The ceiling of the Natmandir (prayer hall) is dome shaped, typical of a Jain temple. In the centre of the ceiling is a beautifully carved wooden, circular panel from which hangs a big chandelier with 256 lights have been arranged in three different tiers. Two circular beams support the inner dome, on which hang pictures of the 15 direct disciples of Sri Ramakrishna. Between each is carved out two wheels one inside the other denoting the spread of religion - dharma chakra. These wheels closely resemble the wheels of the [[Konark Sun Temple|Sun temple at Konark]].

On the extreme northern side of the circular beams the monogram of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission has been placed with Swamiji's explanation in English. Keeping in view the widely celebrated [[Durga Puja]], the Natmandir was designed to adjust the Durga mandap within the same temple complex. The Durga Mandap is thus an extended part of the main building with its door facing outside for the benefit of all devotees who throng to watch the ceremonial Puja held every year. The size of Natmandir is of 5,100 square feet with its dome shaped like an inverted lotus, the petals of which are curled out, an idea imported from the [[Pagoda|Buddhist Pagodas]] of the Far East. This 51 feet high dome, circular in shape, with sixteen petals weighs 250 tons and rests on four pillars.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Ramakrishna Math & Mission, Lucknow|url = http://www.ramakrishnalucknow.org/math_temple.php|website = www.ramakrishnalucknow.org|accessdate = 2015-07-19}}</ref>

== Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama ==
The polyclinic was inaugurated by Swami Vireshwarananda, the President of the Math and Mission, in June 1970.<ref name=NP />

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ramakrishnalucknow.org/index.php ramakrishnalucknow.org, Official Website of Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow]

{{Lucknow}}

[[Category:Temples in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ramakrishna Math and Mission branches]]
[[Category:Hindu monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]

2019 Hyderabad Open (badminton)

2025-11-18T03:39:07Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: quick rework references for clarity and corrected details

{{short description|2019 badminton tournament in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox badminton event
|name = {{nowrap|2019 Hyderabad Open}}
|image =
|caption =
|dates = 6–11 August
|number_edition =
|level = G2L6
|prize_money = 75000
|other =
|venue = [[G. M. C. Balayogi SATS Indoor Stadium]]
|location = [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]
|MS = [[Sourabh Verma]]
|country_MS = IND
|WS = [[Yeo Jia Min]]
|country_WS = SGP
|MD1 = [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri]]
|country_MD1 = INA
|MD2 = [[Bagas Maulana]]
|country_MD2 = INA
|WD1 = [[Baek Ha-na]]
|country_WD1 = KOR
|WD2 = [[Jung Kyung-eun]]
|country_WD2 = KOR
|XD1 = [[Hoo Pang Ron]]
|country_XD1 = MAS
|XD2 = [[Cheah Yee See]]
|country_XD2 = MAS
|previous = [[2018 Hyderabad Open (badminton)|2018]]
|next =
}}

The '''2019 Hyderabad Open''' (officially known as the '''IDBI Federal Life Insurance Hyderabad Open 2019''' for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at [[G. M. C. Balayogi SATS Indoor Stadium]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]], from 6 to 11 August 2019 and had a total purse of $75,000.
{{TOC right}}

==Tournament==
The 2019 Hyderabad Open was the fifth Super 100 tournament of the [[2019 BWF World Tour]] and also part of the [[Hyderabad Open (badminton)|Hyderabad Open]] championships, which had been held since 2018. This tournament was organized by the [[Badminton Association of India]] and sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation|BWF]].<ref name="pros">{{cite web|title=Prospectus Hyderabad Open 2019|url=https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/events/3395/docs/Hyderabad%20Open%202019%20_%20Prospectus.pdf|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|accessdate=16 July 2019|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915083052/https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/events/3395/docs/Hyderabad|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Venue===
This international tournament was held at [[G. M. C. Balayogi SATS Indoor Stadium]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]].<ref name="pros"/>

===Point distribution===
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the [[BWF World Ranking|BWF points system]] for the [[BWF Tour Super 100]] event.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Ranking System |url=https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |accessdate=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510005434/https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=75|Winner
!width=75|Runner-up
!width=75|3/4
!width=75|5/8
!width=75|9/16
!width=75|17/32
!width=75|33/64
!width=75|65/128
!width=75|129/256
|-
|align=center|5,500
|align=center|4,680
|align=center|3,850
|align=center|3,030
|align=center|2,110
|align=center|1,290
|align=center|510
|align=center|240
|align=center|100
|}

===Prize money===
The total prize money for this tournament was US$75,000. Distribution of prize money was in accordance with BWF regulations.<ref name="pros"/>

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;text-align:center"
|-
| style="width:104px;"|'''Event'''
| style="width:68px;"|'''Winner'''
| style="width:68px;"|Finals
| style="width:68px;"|Semi-finals
| style="width:80px;"|Quarter-finals
| style="width:68px;"|Last 16
|-
| style="background:#dfe2e9;" | '''Singles'''
|$5,625
|$2,850
|$1,087.50
|$450
|$262.50
|-
| style="background:#dfe2e9;" | '''Doubles'''
|$5,925
|$2,850
|$1,050
|$543.75
|$281.25
|}

==Men's singles==
===Seeds===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sameer Verma]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Parupalli Kashyap]] ''(third round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhankar Dey]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Shesar Hiren Rhustavito]] ''(third round)''
#'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma]] (champion)'''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Firman Abdul Kholik]] ''(third round)''
{{colend}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1= 
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Heo Kwang-hee]]
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=10
| RD1-score1-3=23
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew]]'''
| RD1-score2-1=16
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3='''25'''

| RD1-seed3=7
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''23'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin|Iskandar Zulkarnain]]
| RD1-score4-1=21
| RD1-score4-2=16
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1= 
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew]]
| RD2-score1-1=13
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=16
| RD2-seed2=7
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2=14
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Third Round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|IND}} S Thakur
| RD1-score03-1=15
| RD1-score03-2=10
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Heo Kwang-hee|Heo K-h]]'''
| RD1-score04-1='''21'''
| RD1-score04-2='''21'''
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]'''
| RD1-score07-1='''22'''
| RD1-score07-2='''21'''
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=Q3
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chong Yee Han|Chong Y H]]
| RD1-score08-1=20
| RD1-score08-2=17
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed11=PFQ
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kartikey Gulshan Kumar|K Gulshan Kumar]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''21'''
| RD1-score11-2='''21'''
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|IND}} [[Harsheel Dani|H Dani]]
| RD1-score12-1=18
| RD1-score12-2=12
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed15=PFQ
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Sen|C Sen]]
| RD1-score15-1=19
| RD1-score15-2='''25'''
| RD1-score15-3=10
| RD1-seed16=PFQ
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Andre Marteen|A Marteen]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''21'''
| RD1-score16-2=23
| RD1-score16-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sameer Verma|Sa Verma]]
| RD2-score01-1=18
| RD2-score01-2=11
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Heo Kwang-hee|Heo K-h]]'''
| RD2-score02-1='''21'''
| RD2-score02-2='''21'''
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=Q1
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Bharadwaj B.M]]
| RD2-score03-1=15
| RD2-score03-2=14
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''21'''
| RD2-score04-2='''21'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=6
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Shesar Hiren Rhustavito|S H Rhustavito]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''21'''
| RD2-score05-2='''21'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=PFQ
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kartikey Gulshan Kumar|K Gulshan Kumar]]
| RD2-score06-1=16
| RD2-score06-2=15
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kalle Koljonen|K Koljonen]]'''
| RD2-score07-1=18
| RD2-score07-2='''21'''
| RD2-score07-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed08=PFQ
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|INA}} [[Andre Marteen|A Marteen]]
| RD2-score08-1='''21'''
| RD2-score08-2=17
| RD2-score08-3=15

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Heo Kwang-hee|Heo K-h]]'''
| RD3-score01-1=10
| RD3-score01-2='''21'''
| RD3-score01-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]
| RD3-score02-1='''21'''
| RD3-score02-2=15
| RD3-score02-3=13

| RD3-seed03=6
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|INA}} [[Shesar Hiren Rhustavito|S H Rhustavito]]
| RD3-score03-1=21
| RD3-score03-2=15
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kalle Koljonen|K Koljonen]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''23'''
| RD3-score04-2='''21'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Heo Kwang-hee|Heo K-h]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''21'''
| RD4-score01-2='''21'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kalle Koljonen|K Koljonen]]
| RD4-score02-1=10
| RD4-score02-2=18
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

====Section 2====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Third Round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed03=Q8
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Dong-hun|Kim D-h]]'''
| RD1-score03-1=14
| RD1-score03-2='''21'''
| RD1-score03-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siril Verma|Si Verma]]
| RD1-score04-1='''21'''
| RD1-score04-2=14
| RD1-score04-3=19

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|USA}} [[Timothy Lam|T Lam]]
| RD1-score07-1=7
| RD1-score07-2=13
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''21'''
| RD1-score08-2='''21'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed11=Q4
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yeoh Seng Zoe|Yeoh S Z]]'''
| RD1-score11-1=15
| RD1-score11-2='''21'''
| RD1-score11-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|AUT}} [[Luka Wraber|L Wraber]]
| RD1-score12-1='''21'''
| RD1-score12-2=9
| RD1-score12-3=13

| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen|L Sen]]
| RD1-score15-1=17
| RD1-score15-2=15
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''21'''
| RD1-score16-2='''21'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=4
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Parupalli Kashyap|P Kashyap]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''23'''
| RD2-score01-2=19
| RD2-score01-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed02=Q8
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Dong-hun|Kim D-h]]
| RD2-score02-1=21
| RD2-score02-2='''21'''
| RD2-score02-3=17

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|INA}} [[Sony Dwi Kuncoro|S D Kuncoro]]
| RD2-score03-1=2r
| RD2-score03-2=
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD2-score04-1=1
| RD2-score04-2=
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=5
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhankar Dey|S Dey]]'''
| RD2-score05-1=19
| RD2-score05-2='''21'''
| RD2-score05-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed06=Q4
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Yeoh Seng Zoe|Yeoh S Z]]
| RD2-score06-1='''21'''
| RD2-score06-2=13
| RD2-score06-3=16

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Chico Aura Dwi Wardoyo|C A D Wardoyo]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''26'''
| RD2-score07-2='''21'''
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]
| RD2-score08-1=24
| RD2-score08-2=17
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=4
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Parupalli Kashyap|P Kashyap]]
| RD3-score01-1='''21'''
| RD3-score01-2=15
| RD3-score01-3=19
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD3-score02-1=17
| RD3-score02-2='''21'''
| RD3-score02-3='''21'''

| RD3-seed03=5
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhankar Dey|S Dey]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''21'''
| RD3-score03-2='''21'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|INA}} [[Chico Aura Dwi Wardoyo|C A D Wardoyo]]
| RD3-score04-1=16
| RD3-score04-2=15
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''21'''
| RD4-score01-2='''21'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=5
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhankar Dey|S Dey]]
| RD4-score02-1=11
| RD4-score02-2=16
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Third Round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed01=
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Feixiang|Sun FX]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''21'''
| RD1-score01-2='''24'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Sheng Xiaodong|Sheng XD]]
| RD1-score02-1=17
| RD1-score02-2=22
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|THA}} [[Pannawit Thongnuam|P Thongnuam]]
| RD1-score05-1=19
| RD1-score05-2=16
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Adulrach Namkul|A Namkul]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''21'''
| RD1-score06-2='''21'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed09=
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Soo Teck Zhi|Soo T Z]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''21'''
| RD1-score09-2='''21'''
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Pratap Singh|S P Singh]]
| RD1-score10-1=16
| RD1-score10-2=17
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed13=PFQ
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Jia Wei|Tan J W]]'''
| RD1-score13-1=0
| RD1-score13-2=
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurusai Dutt|Gurusaidutt]]
| RD1-score14-1=3r
| RD1-score14-2=
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD2-seed01=
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Feixiang|Sun FX]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''21'''
| RD2-score01-2='''21'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Goh Giap Chin|Goh G C]]
| RD2-score02-1=18
| RD2-score02-2=16
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|THA}} [[Adulrach Namkul|A Namkul]]
| RD2-score03-1=17
| RD2-score03-2=14
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=7
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma|So Verma]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''21'''
| RD2-score04-2='''21'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Soo Teck Zhi|Soo T Z]]
| RD2-score05-1='''21'''
| RD2-score05-2=3
| RD2-score05-3=14
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Jayaram|A Jayaram]]'''
| RD2-score06-1=18
| RD2-score06-2='''21'''
| RD2-score06-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed07=PFQ
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Jia Wei|Tan J W]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''21'''
| RD2-score07-2='''21'''
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=3
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar|Prannoy K]]
| RD2-score08-1=17
| RD2-score08-2=10
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Feixiang|Sun FX]]
| RD3-score01-1=16
| RD3-score01-2=11
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=7
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma|So Verma]]'''
| RD3-score02-1='''21'''
| RD3-score02-2='''21'''
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Jayaram|A Jayaram]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''21'''
| RD3-score03-2='''21'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=PFQ
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Jia Wei|Tan J W]]
| RD3-score04-1=18
| RD3-score04-2=13
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=7
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma|So Verma]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''21'''
| RD4-score01-2='''21'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Jayaram|A Jayaram]]
| RD4-score02-1=18
| RD4-score02-2=9
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

====Section 4====
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Third Round
| RD4=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed01=Q6
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Balraj Kajla|B Kajla]]
| RD1-score01-1=17
| RD1-score01-2='''21'''
| RD1-score01-3=15
| RD1-seed02=Q7
| RD1-team02='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bai Yupeng|Bai YP]]'''
| RD1-score02-1='''21'''
| RD1-score02-2=19
| RD1-score02-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|CAN}} [[B. R. Sankeerth]]
| RD1-score05-1=17
| RD1-score05-2=20
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ihsan Maulana Mustofa|I M Mustofa]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''21'''
| RD1-score06-2='''22'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed09=Q2
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryamann Tandon|A Tandon]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''21'''
| RD1-score09-2='''21'''
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kevin Arokia Walter|K A Walter]]
| RD1-score10-1=12
| RD1-score10-2=14
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ikhsan Rumbay|I Rumbay]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''21'''
| RD1-score13-2=21
| RD1-score13-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kaushal Dharmamer|K Dharmamer]]
| RD1-score14-1=15
| RD1-score14-2='''23'''
| RD1-score14-3=7

| RD2-seed01=Q7
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bai Yupeng|Bai YP]]'''
| RD2-score01-1=16
| RD2-score01-2='''23'''
| RD2-score01-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed02=Q5
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Yadav Chittaboina|R Y Chittaboina]]
| RD2-score02-1='''21'''
| RD2-score02-2=21
| RD2-score02-3=15

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|INA}} [[Ihsan Maulana Mustofa|I M Mustofa]]
| RD2-score03-1=12
| RD2-score03-2=15
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=8
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Firman Abdul Kholik|F A Kholik]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''21'''
| RD2-score04-2='''21'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=Q2
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryamann Tandon|A Tandon]]
| RD2-score05-1='''21'''
| RD2-score05-2=13
| RD2-score05-3=11
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin|I Zulkarnain]]'''
| RD2-score06-1=16
| RD2-score06-2='''21'''
| RD2-score06-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ikhsan Rumbay|I Rumbay]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''21'''
| RD2-score07-2=21
| RD2-score07-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]]
| RD2-score08-1=17
| RD2-score08-2='''23'''
| RD2-score08-3=15

| RD3-seed01=Q7
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bai Yupeng|Bai YP]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''21'''
| RD3-score01-2=13
| RD3-score01-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed02=8
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|INA}} [[Firman Abdul Kholik|F A Kholik]]
| RD3-score02-1=16
| RD3-score02-2='''21'''
| RD3-score02-3=16

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin|I Zulkarnain]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''21'''
| RD3-score03-2='''21'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|INA}} [[Ikhsan Rumbay|I Rumbay]]
| RD3-score04-1=16
| RD3-score04-2=15
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=Q7
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Bai Yupeng|Bai YP]]
| RD4-score01-1=16
| RD4-score01-2='''21'''
| RD4-score01-3=13
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Iskandar Zulkarnain Zainuddin|I Zulkarnain]]'''
| RD4-score02-1='''21'''
| RD4-score02-2=12
| RD4-score02-3='''21'''
}}

==Women's singles==
===Seeds===
{{colbegin}}
#'''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min]] (champion)'''
#{{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young]] ''(final)''
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Yiman]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk]] ''(semi-finals)''
#{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ksenia Polikarpova]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Pai Yu-po]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brittney Tam]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Choirunnisa]] ''(first round)''
{{colend}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=15
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|THA}} [[Phittayaporn Chaiwan]]
| RD1-score2-1=11
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=18

| RD1-seed3=4
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|THA}} [[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk]]
| RD1-score3-1=14
| RD1-score3-2=13
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min]]'''
| RD2-score1-1=12
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed2=2
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young]]
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2=17
| RD2-score2-3=19
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong|S Katethong]]
| RD1-score2-1=12
| RD1-score2-2=19
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=Q1
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]
| RD1-score3-1=11
| RD1-score3-2=13
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ji Shuting|Ji ST]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=6
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Pai Yu-po|Pai Y-p]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|USA}} [[Jennie Gai|J Gai]]
| RD1-score6-1=19
| RD1-score6-2=14
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chiang Ying-li|Chiang Y-l]]
| RD1-score7-1=17
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=20
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Sim Yu-jin|Sim Y-j]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2=16
| RD1-score8-3='''22'''

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=19
| RD2-score1-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ji Shuting|Ji ST]]
| RD2-score2-1=17
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=15

| RD2-seed3=6
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Pai Yu-po|Pai Y-p]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=7
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Sim Yu-jin|Sim Y-j]]
| RD2-score4-1=12
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=15

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=18
| RD3-score1-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed2=6
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Pai Yu-po|Pai Y-p]]
| RD3-score2-1=16
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=19
}}

====Section 2====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=3
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Yiman|Zhang YM]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Riya Mookerjee|R Mookerjee]]
| RD1-score2-1=15
| RD1-score2-2=13
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Yulia Yosephine Susanto|Y Y Susanto]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mugdha Agrey|M Agrey]]
| RD1-score4-1=13
| RD1-score4-2=15
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=7
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brittney Tam|B Tam]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2=16
| RD1-score5-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|THA}} [[Chananchida Jucharoen|C Jucharoen]]
| RD1-score6-1=17
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=18

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} V Gummadi
| RD1-score7-1=16
| RD1-score7-2=10
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Phittayaporn Chaiwan|P Chaiwan]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Yiman|Zhang YM]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|INA}} [[Yulia Yosephine Susanto|Y Y Susanto]]
| RD2-score2-1=15
| RD2-score2-2=13
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=7
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brittney Tam|B Tam]]
| RD2-score3-1=8
| RD2-score3-2=11
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Phittayaporn Chaiwan|P Chaiwan]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=3
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Yiman|Zhang YM]]
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=16
| RD3-score1-3=20
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Phittayaporn Chaiwan|P Chaiwan]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=19
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3='''22'''
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anura Prabhudesai|A Prabhudesai]]
| RD1-score1-1=18
| RD1-score1-2=19
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Natalia Perminova|N Perminova]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Ying Ying|Lee Y Y]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=19
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=PFQ
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashmita Chaliha|A Chaliha]]
| RD1-score4-1=13
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=17

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Qi Xuefei|Qi XF]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sri Krishna Priya Kudaravalli|S K P Kudaravalli]]
| RD1-score6-1=15
| RD1-score6-2=10
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rituparna Das|R Das]]
| RD1-score7-1=13
| RD1-score7-2=13
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=4
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk|P Buranaprasertsuk]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Natalia Perminova|N Perminova]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Ying Ying|Lee Y Y]]
| RD2-score2-1=13
| RD2-score2-2=14
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Qi Xuefei|Qi XF]]
| RD2-score3-1=16
| RD2-score3-2=17
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=4
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk|P Buranaprasertsuk]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Natalia Perminova|N Perminova]]
| RD3-score1-1=14
| RD3-score1-2=19
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=4
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Porntip Buranaprasertsuk|P Buranaprasertsuk]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

====Section 4====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|USA}} [[Disha Gupta|D Gupta]]
| RD1-score1-1=14
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=10
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Uthejitta Rao Chukka|S U R Chukka]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=17
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3=Q2
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=17
| RD1-score3-2='''22'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|INA}} [[Choirunnisa]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=20
| RD1-score4-3=12

| RD1-seed5=Q4
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|WAL}} [[Jordan Hart|J Hart]]
| RD1-score6-1=12
| RD1-score6-2=18
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=Q3
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard|N Aimsaard]]
| RD1-score7-1=11
| RD1-score7-2=11
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young|An S-y]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Uthejitta Rao Chukka|S U R Chukka]]
| RD2-score1-1=10
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=8
| RD2-seed2=Q2
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2=9
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=Q4
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]
| RD2-score3-1=18
| RD2-score3-2=13
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young|An S-y]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=Q2
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]
| RD3-score1-1=17
| RD3-score1-2=16
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=2
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[An Se-young|An S-y]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==Men's doubles==
===Seeds===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] / [[Chirag Shetty]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri]] / [[B. Sumeeth Reddy]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Bodin Isara]] / [[Maneepong Jongjit]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Jhe-huei]] / [[Yang Po-hsuan]] ''(semi-finals)''
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ou Xuanyi]] / [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang Nan]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kaixiang]] / [[Liu Cheng (badminton)|Liu Cheng]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra]] / [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] / [[Ramchandran Shlok]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1= 
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bagas Maulana]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''22'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=4
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Jhe-huei]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Yang Po-hsuan]]
| RD1-score2-1=20
| RD1-score2-2=18
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kang Min-hyuk (badminton)|Kang Min-hyuk]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Jae-hwan (badminton)|Kim Jae-hwan]]
| RD1-score3-1=14
| RD1-score3-2=15
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=Q4
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Chan]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1= 
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bagas Maulana]]'''
| RD2-score1-1= '''21'''
| RD2-score1-2= '''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=Q4
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Chan]]
| RD2-score2-1=18
| RD2-score2-2=18
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=PFQ
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Muhammad Amar Mohd Sani|M A Mohd Sani]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Muhammad Amir Mohd Sani|M A Mohd Sani]]
| RD1-score1-1=18
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=18
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaibhaav]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Raj (badminton)|P Raj]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=17
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|THA}} [[Tinn Isriyanet|T Isriyanet]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kittinupong Kedren|K Kedren]]
| RD1-score3-1=13
| RD1-score3-2=17
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Won-ho|Kim W-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Kyung-hoon (badminton)|Park K-h]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=7
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra|P Chopra]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|R Kapoor]]
| RD1-score5-1=18
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=14
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri|M S Fikri]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bagas Maulana|B Maulana]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=13
| RD1-score6-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vighnesh Devlekar|V Devlekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deep Rambhiya|D Rambhiya]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Senthil Vel Govindarasu|S V Govindarasu]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohamed Rehan Raju|M R Raju]]
| RD1-score8-1=14
| RD1-score8-2=19
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaibhaav]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Raj (badminton)|P Raj]]
| RD2-score1-1=12
| RD2-score1-2=12
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Won-ho|Kim W-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Kyung-hoon (badminton)|Park K-h]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri|M S Fikri]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bagas Maulana|B Maulana]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vighnesh Devlekar|V Devlekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deep Rambhiya|D Rambhiya]]
| RD2-score4-1=12
| RD2-score4-2=19
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Won-ho|Kim W-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Kyung-hoon (badminton)|Park K-h]]
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=21
| RD3-score1-3=17
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Muhammad Shohibul Fikri|M S Fikri]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bagas Maulana|B Maulana]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=9
| RD3-score2-2='''23'''
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

====Section 2====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Jhe-huei|Lee J-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Yang Po-hsuan|Yang P-h]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=Q3
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn|C Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Weeraphat Phakjarung|W Phakjarung]]
| RD1-score2-1=15
| RD1-score2-2=8
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohanraj Elumalai|M Elumalai]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Velavan Vasudevan|V Vasudevan]]
| RD1-score3-1=16
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=17
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Tze Jian|Lim T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Juan Shen|Low J S]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=12
| RD1-score4-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed5=8
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramchandran Shlok|R Shlok]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Deswal|G Deswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepak Khatri|D Khatri]]
| RD1-score6-1=11
| RD1-score6-2=8
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Khim Wah|Lim K W]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Zhen Ting|Lim Z T]]
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2=18
| RD1-score7-3=19
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie|Chia W J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Man Wei Chong|Man W C]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=16
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Jhe-huei|Lee J-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Yang Po-hsuan|Yang P-h]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''22'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Tze Jian|Lim T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Juan Shen|Low J S]]
| RD2-score2-1=13
| RD2-score2-2=20
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=8
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramchandran Shlok|R Shlok]]'''
| RD2-score3-1=18
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chia Wei Jie|Chia W J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Man Wei Chong|Man W C]]
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2=13
| RD2-score4-3=19

| RD3-seed1=4
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lee Jhe-huei|Lee J-h]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Yang Po-hsuan|Yang P-h]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=8
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramchandran Shlok|R Shlok]]
| RD3-score2-1=19
| RD3-score2-2=9
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} V K H Ranganatha {{flagicon|IND}} A Surya
| RD1-score1-1=15
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=12
| RD1-seed2=Q1
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee Yong Kai|T Hee Y K]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Hean|Loh K H]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=19
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|INA}} [[Pramudya Kusumawardana|P Kusumawardana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Yeremia Rambitan|Y Rambitan]]
| RD1-score3-1=15
| RD1-score3-2=20
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=6
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kaixiang|Huang KX]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Cheng (badminton)|Liu C]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''22'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Hang Yee|Low H Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Eng Cheong|Ng E C]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=17
| RD1-score5-2='''22'''
| RD1-score5-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|SGP}} [[Danny Bawa Chrisnanta|D B Chrisnanta]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Andy Kwek Jun Liang|A Kwek J L]]
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=20
| RD1-score6-3=18

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kang Min-hyuk (badminton)|Kang M-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Jae-hwan (badminton)|Kim J-h]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2=18
| RD1-score7-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed8=3
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|THA}} [[Bodin Isara|B Isara]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Maneepong Jongjit|M Jongjit]]
| RD1-score8-1=19
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=11

| RD2-seed1=Q1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee Yong Kai|T Hee Y K]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Hean|Loh K H]]
| RD2-score1-1=15
| RD2-score1-2=17
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=6
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kaixiang|Huang KX]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Cheng (badminton)|Liu C]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Low Hang Yee|Low H Y]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Eng Cheong|Ng E C]]
| RD2-score3-1=19
| RD2-score3-2=20
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kang Min-hyuk (badminton)|Kang M-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Jae-hwan (badminton)|Kim J-h]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''22'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=6
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Huang Kaixiang|Huang KX]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liu Cheng (badminton)|Liu C]]
| RD3-score1-1=19
| RD3-score1-2=17
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kang Min-hyuk (badminton)|Kang M-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Jae-hwan (badminton)|Kim J-h]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

====Section 4====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=Q4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung|Na S-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Chan|Wang C]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Utkarsh Arora|U Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shivam Sharma (badminton)|S Sharma]]
| RD1-score2-1=9
| RD1-score2-2=15
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga|K P Garaga]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=15
| RD1-score3-3=17
| RD1-seed4=5
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ou Xuanyi|Ou XY]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang N]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=18
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|THA}} [[Supak Jomkoh|S Jomkoh]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Wachirawit Sothon|W Sothon]]
| RD1-score5-1=9
| RD1-score5-2='''27'''
| RD1-score5-3=14
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Inkarat Apisuk|I Apisuk]] {{flagicon|THA}} T Viriyangkura'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=25
| RD1-score6-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed7=Q2
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|INA}} [[Kenas Adi Haryanto|K A Haryanto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Rian Agung Saputro|R A Saputro]]
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2=8
| RD1-score7-3=13
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri|M Attri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy|B. S Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=16
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed1=Q4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung|Na S-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Chan|Wang C]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=15
| RD2-score1-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed2=5
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ou Xuanyi|Ou XY]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang N]]
| RD2-score2-1=19
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=16

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|THA}} [[Inkarat Apisuk|I Apisuk]] {{flagicon|THA}} T Viriyangkura
| RD2-score3-1=14
| RD2-score3-2=8
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri|M Attri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy|B. S Reddy]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=Q4
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung|Na S-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Chan|Wang C]]'''
| RD3-score1-1=19
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed2=2
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri|M Attri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy|B. S Reddy]]
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2=11
| RD3-score2-3=17
}}

==Women's doubles==
===Seeds===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] / [[N. Sikki Reddy]] ''(final)''
#{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Émilie Lefel]] / [[Anne Tran]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chayanit Chaladchalam]] / [[Phataimas Muenwong]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Ng Wing Yung]] / [[Yeung Nga Ting]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Ni Ketut Mahadewi Istarani]] / [[Tania Oktaviani Kusumah]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Setyana Mapasa]] / [[Gronya Somerville]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Dandu]] / [[Sanjana Santosh]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]] / [[Poorvisha S. Ram]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Wu Yi Ting]]
| RD1-score2-1=12
| RD1-score2-2=12
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akane Araki]] {{flagicon|JPN}} Riko Imai
| RD1-score4-1=10
| RD1-score4-2=9
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy]]
| RD2-score1-1=17
| RD2-score1-2=17
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=13
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=Q2
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Pearly Tan Koong Le|P Tan K L]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Muralitharan Thinaah|M Thinaah]]
| RD1-score2-1=13
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=16

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chasinee Korepap|C Korepap]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kwanchanok Sudjaipraparat|K Sudjaipraparat]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ningshi Block Hazarika|N B Hazarika]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thanushree Ramesh|T Ramesh]]
| RD1-score4-1=4
| RD1-score4-2=14
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=8
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi|M Jakkampudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram|P S. Ram]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Annu Dhankar|A Dhankar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anubha Kaushik|A Kaushik]]
| RD1-score6-1=10
| RD1-score6-2=6
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mallika Dang|M Dang]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rudrani Jaiswal|R Jaiswal]]
| RD1-score7-1=11
| RD1-score7-2=5
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Pramodika Hendahewa|T P Hendahewa]] {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage|K Sirimannage]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|THA}} [[Chasinee Korepap|C Korepap]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kwanchanok Sudjaipraparat|K Sudjaipraparat]]
| RD2-score2-1=19
| RD2-score2-2=16
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=8
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi|M Jakkampudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram|P S. Ram]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''22'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Pramodika Hendahewa|T P Hendahewa]] {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Kavidi Sirimannage|K Sirimannage]]
| RD2-score4-1=20
| RD2-score4-2=15
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=8
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi|M Jakkampudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram|P S. Ram]]
| RD3-score2-1=16
| RD3-score2-2=15
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

====Section 2====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Ng Wing Yung|Ng W Y]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Yeung Nga Ting|Yeung N T]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Riya Mookerjee|R Mookerjee]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anura Prabhudesai|A Prabhudesai]]
| RD1-score2-1=10
| RD1-score2-2=13
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Harika Veludurthi|H Veludurthi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshaya Warang|A Warang]]
| RD1-score3-1=16
| RD1-score3-2=12
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Catherine Choi|C Choi]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Josephine Wu|J Wu]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=7
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Dandu|P Dandu]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjana Santosh|S Santosh]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=1
| RD1-score5-2=
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda|R Panda]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arathi Sara Sunil|A S Sunil]]
| RD1-score6-1=0r
| RD1-score6-2=
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan|Fan K Y]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Wu Yi Ting|Wu Y T]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shenan Christian|S Christian]]
| RD1-score8-1=10
| RD1-score8-2=11
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Ng Wing Yung|Ng W Y]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Yeung Nga Ting|Yeung N T]]
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=16
| RD2-score1-3=18
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Catherine Choi|C Choi]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Josephine Wu|J Wu]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=11
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=7
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Dandu|P Dandu]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjana Santosh|S Santosh]]
| RD2-score3-1=21
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=18
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan|Fan K Y]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Wu Yi Ting|Wu Y T]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''23'''
| RD2-score4-2=16
| RD2-score4-3='''21'''

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Catherine Choi|C Choi]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Josephine Wu|J Wu]]
| RD3-score1-1=9
| RD3-score1-2=26
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan|Fan K Y]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Wu Yi Ting|Wu Y T]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''28'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=Q3
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kuhoo Garg|K Garg]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anoushka Parikh|A Parikh]]
| RD1-score1-1=15
| RD1-score1-2=16
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=Q1
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Gao Ziyao|Gao ZY]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Qin|Peng Q]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chang Ye-na|Chang Y-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Hye-rin|Kim H-r]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''22'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=5
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|INA}} [[Ni Ketut Mahadewi Istarani|N K M Istarani]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Tania Oktaviani Kusumah|T O Kusumah]]
| RD1-score4-1=20
| RD1-score4-2=9
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard|N Aimsaard]]
| RD1-score5-1=16
| RD1-score5-2=21
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na|Baek H-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun|Jung K-e]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''23'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ruethaichanok Laisuan|R Laisuan]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supamart Mingchua|S Mingchua]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFQ
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aparna Balan|A Balan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant|P Sawant]]
| RD1-score8-1=19
| RD1-score8-2=15
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=Q1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Gao Ziyao|Gao ZY]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Qin|Peng Q]]
| RD2-score1-1=13
| RD2-score1-2=17
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chang Ye-na|Chang Y-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Hye-rin|Kim H-r]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na|Baek H-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun|Jung K-e]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|THA}} [[Ruethaichanok Laisuan|R Laisuan]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supamart Mingchua|S Mingchua]]
| RD2-score4-1=13
| RD2-score4-2=15
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chang Ye-na|Chang Y-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Hye-rin|Kim H-r]]
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=19
| RD3-score1-3=16
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na|Baek H-n]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun|Jung K-e]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=13
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

====Section 4====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akane Araki|A Araki]] {{flagicon|JPN}} R Imai'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Haritha Manazhiyil Harinarayanan|H M Harinarayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saruni Sharma|S Sharma]]
| RD1-score2-1=9
| RD1-score2-2=6
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=Q4
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[B Venkata Ramya Tulasi BAILUPUDI|B V R T Bailupudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranjal Prabhu Chimulkar|P Prabhu Chimulkar]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=w
| RD1-score3-2=/
| RD1-score3-3=o
| RD1-seed4=6
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Setyana Mapasa|S Mapasa]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Gronya Somerville|G Somerville]]
| RD1-score4-1=
| RD1-score4-2=
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]
| RD1-score5-1=16
| RD1-score5-2=10
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFQ
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jan Eun-seo|Jang E-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jeong Na-eun|Jeong N-e]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti|S F S Ramadhanti]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Ribka Sugiarto|R Sugiarto]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Émilie Lefel|É Lefel]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Anne Tran|A Tran]]
| RD1-score8-1=11
| RD1-score8-2=11
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akane Araki|A Araki]] {{flagicon|JPN}} R Imai'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=Q4
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[B Venkata Ramya Tulasi BAILUPUDI|B V R T Bailupudi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranjal Prabhu Chimulkar|P Prabhu Chimulkar]]
| RD2-score2-1=10
| RD2-score2-2=14
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=PFQ
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jan Eun-seo|Jang E-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jeong Na-eun|Jeong N-e]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=19
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|INA}} [[Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti|S F S Ramadhanti]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Ribka Sugiarto|R Sugiarto]]
| RD2-score4-1=15
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=16

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akane Araki|A Araki]] {{flagicon|JPN}} R Imai'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=19
| RD3-score1-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed2=PFQ
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jan Eun-seo|Jang E-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jeong Na-eun|Jeong N-e]]
| RD3-score2-1=18
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=16
}}

==Mixed doubles==
===Seeds===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra]] / [[N. Sikki Reddy]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] / [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie]] / [[Peck Yen Wei]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Joshua Hurlburt-Yu]] / [[Josephine Wu]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Mak Hee Chun]] / [[Chau Hoi Wah]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurabh Sharma]] / [[Anoushka Parikh]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Danny Bawa Chrisnanta]] / [[Tan Wei Han]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|Rohan Kapoor]] / [[Kuhoo Garg]] ''(second round)''
{{colend}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1= 
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=19
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mathias Christiansen]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Alexandra Bøje]]
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=16
| RD1-score2-3=17

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Hoo Pang Ron]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheah Yee See]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=17
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=Q1
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=15
| RD1-score4-3=15

| RD2-seed1= 
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso]]
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=16
| RD2-score1-3=11
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Hoo Pang Ron]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheah Yee See]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=16
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra|P Chopra]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=PFR
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubham Yadav|S Yadav]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saruni Sharma|S Sharma]]
| RD1-score2-1=9
| RD1-score2-2=8
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga|K P Garaga]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poorvisha S. Ram|P S. Ram]]
| RD1-score3-1=19
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=11
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Andika Ramadiansyah|A Ramadiansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bunga Fitriani Romadhini|B F Romadhini]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=19
| RD1-score4-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed5=6
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurabh Sharma|S Sharma]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anoushka Parikh|A Parikh]]
| RD1-score5-1=14
| RD1-score5-2=14
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana|A Maulana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso|M C Bandaso]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|THA}} [[Vichayapong Kanjanakeereewong|V Kanjanakeereewong]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Ruethaichanok Laisuan|R Laisuan]]
| RD1-score7-1=15
| RD1-score7-2=15
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Won-ho|Kim W-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Hye-rin|Kim H-r]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranav Chopra|P Chopra]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=13
| RD2-score1-3=11
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Andika Ramadiansyah|A Ramadiansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bunga Fitriani Romadhini|B F Romadhini]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=11
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana|A Maulana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso|M C Bandaso]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=18
| RD2-score3-3='''22'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Won-ho|Kim W-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Hye-rin|Kim H-r]]
| RD2-score4-1=19
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=20

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|INA}} [[Andika Ramadiansyah|A Ramadiansyah]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Bunga Fitriani Romadhini|B F Romadhini]]
| RD3-score1-1=13
| RD3-score1-2=14
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Adnan Maulana|A Maulana]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso|M C Bandaso]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

====Section 2====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Joshua Hurlburt-Yu|J Hurlburt-Yu]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Josephine Wu|J Wu]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=15
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Maneesha]]
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=15
| RD1-score2-3=14

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|THA}} [[Weeraphat Phakrajung|W Phakrajung]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Chasinee Korepap|C Korepap]]
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=16
| RD1-score3-3=14
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Rehan Naufal Kusharjanto|R N Kusharjanto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lisa Ayu Kusumawati|L A Kusumawati]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=17
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed5=PFQ
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Man Wei Chong|Man W C]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Pearly Tan Koong Le|P Tan K L]]
| RD1-score5-1=19
| RD1-score5-2=17
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mathias Christiansen|M Christiansen]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Alexandra Bøje|A Bøje]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohamed Rehan Raju|M R Raju]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anees Kowsar Jamaludeen|A K Jamaludeen]]
| RD1-score7-1=5
| RD1-score7-2=16
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=Q2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung|Na S-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jang Eun-seo|Jang E-s]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Joshua Hurlburt-Yu|J Hurlburt-Yu]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Josephine Wu|J Wu]]
| RD2-score1-1=19
| RD2-score1-2='''27'''
| RD2-score1-3=19
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Rehan Naufal Kusharjanto|R N Kusharjanto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lisa Ayu Kusumawati|L A Kusumawati]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2=25
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mathias Christiansen|M Christiansen]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Alexandra Bøje|A Bøje]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=18
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=Q2
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Na Sung-seung|Na S-s]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jang Eun-seo|Jang E-s]]
| RD2-score4-1=19
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=11

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|INA}} [[Rehan Naufal Kusharjanto|R N Kusharjanto]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lisa Ayu Kusumawati|L A Kusumawati]]
| RD3-score1-1=15
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=15
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mathias Christiansen|M Christiansen]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Alexandra Bøje|A Bøje]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2=15
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Utkarsh Arora|U Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karishma Wadkar|K Wadkar]]
| RD1-score1-1=19
| RD1-score1-2=16
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Yeung Shing Choi|Yeung S C]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan|Fan K Y]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|USA}} [[Vinson Chiu|V Chiu]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Breanna Chi|B Chi]]
| RD1-score3-1=17
| RD1-score3-2=16
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=PFQ
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} T Viriyangkura {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kwanchanok Sudjaipraparat|K Sudjaipraparat]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=Q3
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Law Cheuk Him|Law C H]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Wu Yi Ting|Wu Y T]]
| RD1-score5-1=12
| RD1-score5-2=13
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Hoo Pang Ron|Hoo P R]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheah Yee See|Cheah Y S]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Sunjith Jr.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sruthi Kurien|S Kurien]]
| RD1-score7-1=12
| RD1-score7-2=11
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=3
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie|Chen T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei|Peck Y W]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Yeung Shing Choi|Yeung S C]] {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Fan Ka Yan|Fan K Y]]
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2=10
| RD2-score1-3=10
| RD2-seed2=PFQ
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} T Viriyangkura {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kwanchanok Sudjaipraparat|K Sudjaipraparat]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=19
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Hoo Pang Ron|Hoo P R]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheah Yee See|Cheah Y S]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=3
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie|Chen T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei|Peck Y W]]
| RD2-score4-1=16
| RD2-score4-2=19
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=PFQ
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|THA}} T Viriyangkura {{flagicon|THA}} [[Kwanchanok Sudjaipraparat|K Sudjaipraparat]]
| RD3-score1-1=19
| RD3-score1-2='''23'''
| RD3-score1-3=19
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Hoo Pang Ron|Hoo P R]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheah Yee See|Cheah Y S]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2=21
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

====Section 4====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First Round
| RD2=Second Round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=Q1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn|R Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=15
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Kyung-hoon (badminton)|Park K-h]] {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Baek Ha-na|Baek H-n]]
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=19
| RD1-score2-3=15

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishant Dua|N Dua]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]]
| RD1-score3-1=8
| RD1-score3-2=11
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|R Kapoor]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kuhoo Garg|K Garg]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vighnesh Devlekar|V Devlekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant|P Sawant]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=Q4
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramchandran Shlok|R Shlok]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda|R Panda]]
| RD1-score6-1=14
| RD1-score6-2=15
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supak Jomkoh|S Jomkoh]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supissara Paewsampran|S Paewsampran]]'''
| RD1-score7-1=w
| RD1-score7-2=/
| RD1-score7-3=o
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy|S Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]
| RD1-score8-1=
| RD1-score8-2=
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=Q1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn|R Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=8
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Kapoor (badminton)|R Kapoor]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kuhoo Garg|K Garg]]
| RD2-score2-1=9
| RD2-score2-2=12
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vighnesh Devlekar|V Devlekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant|P Sawant]]
| RD2-score3-1=23
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=13
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supak Jomkoh|S Jomkoh]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supissara Paewsampran|S Paewsampran]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''25'''
| RD2-score4-2=16
| RD2-score4-3='''21'''

| RD3-seed1=Q1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchapol Makkasasithorn|R Makkasasithorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|THA}} [[Supak Jomkoh|S Jomkoh]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Supissara Paewsampran|S Paewsampran]]
| RD3-score2-1=19
| RD3-score2-2=17
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament?id=B9850CDE-A098-4CF6-BF97-EFCF02E339F1 Tournament Link]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before=[[2018 Hyderabad Open (badminton)|2018 Hyderabad Open]] | title=[[Hyderabad Open (badminton)|Hyderabad Open]] | years= | after=[[2020 Hyderabad Open (badminton)|2020 Hyderabad Open]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[2019 Thailand Open (badminton)|2019 Thailand Open]] | title=[[2019 BWF World Tour|BWF World Tour]] [[2019 BWF season]] | years= | after=[[2019 Akita Masters]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{2019 BWF World Tour}}

[[Category:Hyderabad Open (badminton)]]
[[Category:2019 BWF World Tour|Hyderabad Open]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian sport|Hyderabad Open (badminton)]]
[[Category:August 2019 sports events in India|Hyderabad Open (badminton)]]

Radha Shyam Temple

2025-10-30T17:45:56Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Made a place.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Radha Shyam Temple
| native_name = রাধাশ্যাম মন্দির
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Bishnupur Radhashyam.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| Peetham =
| caption =

| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| deity = [[Radha Krishna|Radha Shyam]] (Divine couple in Hinduism)
| tradition =
| organizational_status =
| functional_status =
| governing_body =
| temple_board =
| festival =
| festivals =
| tower =
| temple_tank =
| temple_tree =

| location = [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]
| locale =
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_relief =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|23|4|20.85661|N|87|19|35.04274|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =

| architecture_type = [[Bengal temple architecture]]
| architecture_style = [[Ratna Style|''eka-ratna'']] style
| founded_by = [[Chaitanya Singha]]
| creator =
| established = {{Start date and age|1758}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed =
| date_demolished =

| facade_direction = South
| length = {{convert|12.5|m|ft}}
| width = {{convert|12.5|m|ft}}
| height_max = {{convert|10.7|m|ft}}
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_footnotes =

| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =

| embedded =
| designation1 =Monument of National Importance (India)
| designation1_type =Cultural
| designation1_offname =Radha Shyam Temple
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date =
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_parent =
| designation1_number =N-WB-23
| designation1_free1value=
| designation1_free2value=
| designation1_free3value=

| website =

| footnotes = {{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=20–21}}
}}
'''Radha Shyam Temple''',{{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=20–21}} also known as '''Rādhāśyāma Mandir''', is a Krishna temple in [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]] town of [[Medinipur division]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. In this temple, the Hindu god [[Krishna]] is worshiped in the form of Shyam; along with Shyam, the [[murti]] of [[Radha]] is also worshipped.{{sfn|Biswas|1992|p=20}}

== History and architecture ==
According to the foundation plaque found in the temple, the temple was founded in 1758 by King [[Chaitanya Singha]] of [[Mallabhum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ASI, Kolkata Circle |url=https://www.asikolkata.in/bankura.aspx#RADHA_Shyam_Temple |website=www.asikolkata.in}}</ref><ref name="anandabazar1">{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shantanu |title=Mallabhūma biṣṇupura |script-title=bn:মল্লভূম বিষ্ণুপুর |trans-title=Mallabhum Bishnupur |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/travel/weekend-trips/holiday-trip-to-temple-city-bishnupur-dgtl-1.742239 |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=ABP |date=18 January 2018 |language=bn}}</ref> The temple is a unique example of eka-ratna temple architecture, which belongs to the [[Ratna Style|''ratna'']] style developed in medieval Bengal.

The roof of this temple is square and curved, with curved edges and a domed ''shikhar'' (tower) in the middle.{{sfn|Biswas|1992|p=20}} The temple is known for its ornamentation, which adorns the surrounding walls of this temple. The ornamentations are mainly placed on [[terracotta]] plaques set into the walls.{{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=20–21}} The walls of the temple are decorated with scenes from the ''[[Ramayana]]'', Anantasayin [[Vishnu]] and widely recurring figures of [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]].{{sfn|Biswas|1992|p=21}}

Currently the temple is preserved as one of the archeological monuments by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ASI, Kolkata Circle |url=https://www.asikolkata.in/bankura.aspx#RADHA_Shyam_Temple |website=www.asikolkata.in}}</ref> Since 1998, the Radha Shyam temple is on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Site's]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in India|Tentative list]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Temples at Bishnupur, West Bengal |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1087/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>File:Terracotta work on Radha Shyam Temple.jpg
File:Radhashyam Temple, Bishnupur 05.jpg

File:Bishnupur Radha Shyam Temple Bishnupur West Bengal 05.jpg

File:Bishnupur Radha Shyam Temple Bishnupur West Bengal 09.jpg

File:Terracotta work on Radhashyam Temple.JPG

File:Stucco work on Radhashyam Temple, Bishnupur 2.JPG

</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Biswas |first1=S. S. |title=Bishnupur |date=1992 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/details/bishnupur00bisw |access-date=11 March 2024 |chapter=The Temples}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Pika |title=Temple to Love: Architecture and Devotion in Seventeenth-Century Bengal |date=2005 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington and Indianapolis}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Amiya Kumar |title=Bām̐kuṛā jēlāra purākīrti |script-title=bn:বাঁকুড়া জেলার পুরাকীর্তি |trans-title=Antiquities of Bankura District |date=1971 |publisher=Public Works Department, West Bengal |location=Kolkata}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline|Radhashyam Temple, Bishnupur}}
*{{Wikivoyageinline|Bishnupur (Rarh)}}
{{Mallabhum}}

[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu Temple completed in 1758]]
[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]
[[Category:Temples in Bishnupur, Bankura]]

P. U. Chitra

2025-10-17T09:28:18Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Made a stub.

{{short description|Indian middle-distance runner|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| image = PU Chitra 2017.jpg
| caption = Chitra at the 2017 Asian Championships
| birth_name = Palakkeezhil Unnikrishnan Chithra<ref>{{cite web |author=Shahina, K. K. |title=PU Chithra: The Girl With Borrowed Shoes |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/sports/pu-chithra-the-girl-with-borrowed-shoes |publisher=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]] |accessdate=5 August 2018 |date=4 August 2017}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|6|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], India
| height = 160 cm<ref name=ind>[https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/PALAKEEZH-UNNIKRISHNAN-Chitra-3000714/ Chitra Palakeezh Unnikrishnan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904191928/https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/PALAKEEZH-UNNIKRISHNAN-Chitra-3000714/ |date=4 September 2018 }}. asiangames2018.id</ref>
| weight = 48 kg
| sport = Track and field
| coach = Nikolai Snesarev (national) N.S. Sijin (personal)<ref name=ind/>
| event = 800–5000 m
| pb = 800 m – 2:12.21 (2013) 1500 m – 4:13.52 (2019) 3000 m – 9:51.13 (2013) 5000 m – 16:36.91 (2015)<ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/india/pu-chithra-014448737 P. U. Chitra]. IAAF</ref>
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Women's [[sport of athletics|athletics]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]] | [[Athletics at the 2018 Asian Games|1500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati/Shillong]] | [[Athletics at the 2016 South Asian Games|1500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 South Asian Games|1500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games]] }}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games|2017 Ashgabat]] | 1500 m }}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Athletics Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships|2017 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2017 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]]}}
}}

'''Palakkeezhil Unnikrishnan Chitra''' (born 9 June 1995) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] middle-distance runner who specialises in the 1500m distance. She won gold medals at the 2016 South Asian Games and 2017 Asian Championships and a bronze at the 2018 Asian Games. She won gold medal at the 2019 Doha Asian Athletics Championships

== Personal life and background ==

Chitra was born on 9 June 1995, at Mundur in Kerala's Palakkad District to a couple who worked as daily-wage labourers. Small monthly support of Rs. 600 [8.15 dollars approximately] and Rs. 25 per day from the Kerala Sports Council [0.34 dollars approximately] helped her continue with her training while schooling at Mundur Higher Secondary School. [<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title=Parents daily-wagers, daughter Asian champion P U Chitra passed over for world meet: 'if only they knew' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/parents-daily-wagers-daughter-asian-champion-p-u-chitra-passed-over-for-world-meet-if-only-they-knew-4768882/ |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>] Chitra went on to win medals for India and even won two Tata Nano cars in 2013 when she has adjudged the best athlete in the National School Athletics meet in Etawah (Uttar Pradesh) and the Kerala State School Meet. [<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2013 |first=Biju Babu |last=Cyriac |title=Chitra: Chitra, the rising star of Kerala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/top-stories/chitra-the-rising-star-of-kerala/articleshow/26833863.cms |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>]

== Career ==
Chitra made it to state-level and national-level school competitions, and she drew attention in the 2009 Kerala State School Athletics meet by winning gold in the 3,000m event and silver in 1,500m race. In the 2011 National School Games in Pune, Maharashtra, she won gold medals in the 1,500m, 3,000m, 5,000m events and a Bronze in 3 km cross country race. Chitra almost repeated the Pune performance in 2012 Kerala State School Games, Thiruvananthapuram and finished on the top of the podium in 1,500m, 3,000m and 5,000m events. In 2013, she won gold medals at the state, national and at continental levels. In the Kerala State School Games in Ernakulam, Chitra defended all her gold medals that she had won the previous year. At the National School Games in Uttar Pradesh's Etawah, She again won gold medals in the 1,500m, 3,000m, 5,000m events. She also converted the bronze she had won in 3 km cross country in 2011 to gold. At the first-ever Asian school athletic meet the same year, the Palakkad girl won the gold in the 3,000m race. In the 2016 National School Games at Ranchi in Jharkhand, her performance was a repeat of 2013 with gold medals in the 1,500m, 3,000m, 5,000m events and 3 km cross country. The same year, Chitra won her first gold medal representing the country at the senior level in 1500m at the South Asian Games.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=Meet PU Chitra, Labourer's Daughter Who Is Sprinting To Success & Already Has Four Gold Medals |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/meet-pu-chitra-labourer-s-daughter-who-is-sprinting-to-success-already-has-four-international-gold-medal-wins-501104.html |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Controversy ==

Chitra finished at the top of the podium in 1500m race at the 2017 Asian Athletics Championship in Bhubaneshwar, only to be informed a week later that she was not to be on the Indian team for the World Athletics Championship in London. The Athletics Federation of India (AFI) said her performance was below the qualifying timing of 4:07:50. Chitra's coach approached the High Court of Kerala to get the decision reversed. The court ruled in Chitra's favour, but the International Association of Athletics Federations rejected the AFI's request to include the athlete in the Indian squad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2017 |title=PU Chitra: IAAF rejects AFI's request to include Chitra for World Championships |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/iaaf-rejects-afis-request-to-include-chitra-for-world-championships/articleshow/59834891.cms |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Chitra won the gold medal at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in September 2017 in 1500m.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PU Chitra, Lakshmanan win gold at Asian indoor and Martial Arts Games |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/athletics/pu-chitra-lakshmanan-win-gold-at-asian-indoor-and-martial-arts-games-1.2252097 |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=20 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref> She followed that up with 1500m bronze medal at the 2018 Asian Games and then by defending her title at the Asian Athletics Championship in Doha. Her personal best of 4:11:10 in 1500m race came at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, while she clocked her personal best of 2:02:96 in 800m at the 2019 Inter-State Nationals in Lucknow.<ref>Mohan, KP (31 July 2017). [https://scroll.in/field/845593/utter-mess-indias-athletics-body-took-the-right-call-with-pu-chitra-but-handled-it-poorly Utter mess: India’s athletics body took the right call with PU Chitra but handled it poorly]. Scroll. Retrieved 3 March 2020.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{sports links}}

{{Footer Asian Champions women's 1500 metres}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitra, PU}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women middle-distance runners]]
[[Category:Indian women long-distance runners]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists in athletics]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in athletics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2016 South Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2019 South Asian Games]]
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)]]

Sikkim National People's Party

2025-10-08T03:13:57Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: updated details

{{short description|Indian political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Sikkim National People's Party
|abbreviation = SNPP
|colorcode = {{party color|Sikkim National People's Party}}
|foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|2008|10|10}}
|dissolution = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|2022|03|22}}
|founder = [[Biraj Adhikari]]
|merged = [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|headquarters = [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]].
|president = [[Biraj Adhikari]] > [[Delay Namgyal Barfungpa]]
|ideology = [[Localism (politics)|Localism]]
|colours = White{{Colorsample|#ffffff}} and Red{{Colorsample|#dc1217}}
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised parties|Registered-Unrecognized State Party]] ([[Sikkim]]) (2019–22)<ref name=ECI190925>{{cite web|title=Amending notification regarding political parties and their election symbols dated 25.09.2019|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10767-amending-notification-regarding-political-parties-and-their-election-symbols-dated-25092019/|publisher=Election Commission of India (ECI)|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2019}} SNPP was registered in this list with No.2463.</ref>
|alliance = [[Sikkim Progressive Alliance]] (2019)
|state_seats_name = [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
}}

The '''Sikkim National People's Party''' ('''SNPP''') was a regional political party (State Party (Unrecognized)) in the Indian state of Sikkim. The election symbol of the party was a pen nib. SNPP didn't have any relationship with [[Sikkim National Party]] (SNP) in same state or [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] (NPP) in the state of [[Meghalaya]].

==History ==
===Pre-SNPP history===
[[Biraj Adhikari]] and [[Delay Namgyal Barfungpa]] were members of the [[Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee]] (SPCC, Sikkim branch of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)) which was led by [[Nar Bahadur Bhandari]]. In 2004, as the candidates of INC, Adhikari contested [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|the sole Lok Sabha seat from Sikkim]],<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 2004 TO THE 14th LOK SABHA VOLUME III|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3363-sikkim-2004/|publisher=ECI|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2004}}</ref> Barfungpa contested [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|the Sikkim Legislative seat]] from [[Martam-Rumtek (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rumtek Constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2004 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3363-sikkim-2004/|publisher=ECI|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2004}}</ref> Both were defeated by candidates of the ruling party [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] (SDF).

In May 2006, because of discontent with Bhandari's leadership, Biraji Adhikari seceded from SPCC.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven from Sikkim quit Congress|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/seven-from-sikkim-quit-congress/cid/804255|newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=20 November 2019|date=28 May 2006}}</ref> He joined [[Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad]] (SHRP) as the spokesperson of it.<ref>{{cite news|title=SHRP demands white paper on rights of Limboo-Tamang|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/02/16/shrp-demands-white-paper-on-rights-of-limboo-tamang-1203218754.html|newspaper=oneindia |access-date=28 November 2019|date=17 February 2008}}</ref> Meanwhile, there is not much information on the movement of Delay Namgyal Barfungpa from 2004 to 2008, but he also seceded from SPCC at some point.

===Establishment of SNPP===
On 10 October 2008, Adhikari seceded from SHRP, and established the new party, '''Sikkim National People's Party (SNPP)''' for fighting with SDF. Adhikari was elected to the president, [[Tseten Dorjee Lepcha]] was elected as the working president, and Delay Namgyal Barfungpa was elected to the treasurer.<ref>{{cite news|title=State government and central government should protect our right: Biraj Adhikari|url=http://prabinkhaling.blogspot.com/2009/03/gangtok28-marchpress-releasethe-party.html?m=1|newspaper=prabinkhaling.blogspot|access-date=21 November 2019|date=28 March 2009}}</ref>

In [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election of 2009]], Adhikari contested from 2 constituencies ([[Rhenock (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rhenock]] and [[Chujachen (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chujachen]]), Tseten Dorjee Lepcha contested from [[Djongu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Djongu constituency]] and Barfungpa contested from [[Gangtok (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gangtok constituency]]. SNPP formed the electoral alliance, [[United Sikkimese Alliance]] (USA) with [[Sikkim Jan-Ekta Party]] (SJEP).<ref>{{cite news|title=SNPP, SJP forms 'United Sikkimese Alliance'|url=http://prabinkhaling.blogspot.com/2009/04/snpp-sjp-forms-united-sikkimese.html?m=1|newspaper=prabinkhaling.blogspot|access-date=21 November 2019|date=2 April 2009}}</ref> With the exception of SJEP, SNPP didn't affiliate with SPCC or other opposition parties.

However, SNPP couldn't be registered in the List of Political Parties of [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) before the election period,<ref>{{cite web|title=Political Parties And Election Symbols as on 14-03-2009|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4148-political-parties-and-election-symbols-as-on-14-03-2009/|publisher=ECI|access-date=1 November 2019|date=14 March 2009}} Meanwhile, SJEP could be registered in this List as the No. 894.</ref> so they had to run as independent candidates. As a result, they received 6.26% votes (Tseten Dorjee Lepcha in Djongu) or less in each constituency.<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2009 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF SIKKIM|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3364-sikkim-2009/|publisher=ECI|access-date=31 October 2019|year=2009}}</ref>

===Secession of Adhikari===
Delay Namgyal Barfungpa was promoted to the vice president of SNPP at some point from 2009 to 2012. In [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election of 2014]] SNPP didn't contest and appealed to voters to be politically conscious, pointing out the [[None of the above (India)|"None of the Above" (NOTA)]] option.<ref>{{cite news|title=SNPP appeals voters to be politically conscious, points out NOTA option|url=http://sikkimnow.blogspot.com/2014/03/snpp-appeals-voters-to-be-politically.html|newspaper=Sikkim NOW!|access-date=31 October 2019|date=26 March 2014}}</ref>

In January 2018 SNPP announced that it would contest the [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim Legislative Assembly Election 2019]].<ref>{{cite news|title=SNPP to contest 2019 Sikkim assembly polls|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/snpp-to-contest-2019-sikkim-assembly-polls-118012900726_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=31 October 2019|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> However, in August 2018 Adhikari resigned from the president and seceded from SNPP. He transferred to [[Hamro Sikkim Party]] (HSP) which is led by [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], and Adhikari was appointed to the spokesperson of the party.<ref>{{cite news|title=K.N. Upreti & Biraj Adhikari joins Hamro Sikkim Party|url=http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=11691|newspaper=Sikkim Express|access-date=31 October 2019|date=6 August 2018}}</ref> Barfungpa didn't follow Adhikari, and Barfungpa was elected to the SNPP president by party members.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delay Namgyal is new SNPP president|url=http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=11793&SectionID=|newspaper=Sikkim Express|access-date=31 October 2019|date=13 August 2018}}</ref>

===Barfungpa’s leaderships===
In March 2019 SNPP participated in the election alliance, [[Sikkim Progressive Alliance]] (SPA) which was formed by [[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]] (SSP), [[Sikkim Rajya Manch|Sikkim Rajya Manch Party]] (SRMP) and [[Sikkim United Front Party]] (SUFP).<ref>{{cite news|title=Four Parties form Sikkim Progressive Alliance|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/four-parties-form-sikkim-progressive-alliance/States/news/1528140.html|newspaper=United News of India|access-date=31 October 2019|date=14 March 2019}}</ref> SPA sent 8 candidates for [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]], 1 candidate for [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|2019 Sikkim Lok Sabah election]], and 3 of 9 were SNPP candidates.<ref>{{cite news|title=SPA Announces 9 Candidates Including Lok Sabha Candidate|url=https://voiceofsikkim.com/2019/03/18/spa-announces-9-candidates-including-lok-sabha-candidate/|newspaper=The Voice of Sikkim (TVOS)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=17 March 2019}} However, on the eve of this election, SSP withdrew its candidate, Tara Battarai in Upper Tadong.</ref>

But SNPP had not been registered in the List of Political Parties of ECI by the election date.<ref>{{cite web|title=POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION SYMBOLS|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10381-political-parties-and-election-symbols/|publisher=ECI|access-date=1 November 2019|date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Barfungpa and another 2 SNPP candidates had to run as independent candidates, again. Barfungpa received only 97 votes (1.31%, 4th position of 6 candidates) in Gangtok constituency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gangtok Election Result 2019 LIVE COUNTING|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sikkim-assembly-elections/gangtok-election-results-2019-s21a027|newspaper=Firstpost|access-date=31 October 2019|date=27 May 2019|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607222255/https://www.firstpost.com/sikkim-assembly-elections/gangtok-election-results-2019-s21a027|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Before the October same year By-Election of Sikkim Legislative Assembly (3 constituencies), the candidate of HSP from Gangtok constituency, Bhaichung Bhutia proposed a pre-poll alliance to Barfungpa, but Barfungpa didn't accept it.<ref name=SE>{{cite news|title=Delay Namgyal critical of BJP entry plan in Sikkim|url=http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=87727&SectionID=|newspaper=Sikkim Express|access-date=31 October 2019|date=19 October 2019}}</ref> SNPP was planning to participate in this By-Election, and sent only Barfungpa to contest from Gangtok constituency as an independent candidate for a third time.

Just at that time, SNPP had finally been registered to the List of the Political Parties of ECI as the State Party (Unrecognized) on September 25, 2019.<ref name=ECI190925/> As the result, this was the first and final election that SNPP could contest by using its own party's name.

In this By-Election from Gangtok constituency, the candidate of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), [[Yong Tshering Lepcha]] was elected by 2,508 (40.88%) votes. At the same time, Barfungpa became a runner-up candidate by 1,498 (24.42%) votes, and he could refund his deposit of candidacy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim CM Prem Singh Tamang wins from Poklok Kamrang seat, BJP bags two seats|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sikkim-cm-prem-singh-tamang-wins-from-poklok-kamrang-seat-bjp-bags-two-seats/articleshow/71740255.cms|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=31 October 2019|date=24 October 2019}}</ref>

===SNPP merged into SKM===

In March 2022 Delay Namgyal Barfungpa joined the ruling [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] (SKM) and merged SNPP with SKM. SNPP executive members and party supporters also officially merged with it.<ref>{{cite news|title=DELAY NAMGYAL'S SNPP MERGES WITH SKM|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/delay-namgyals-snpp-merges-with-skm|newspaper=Sikkim Express|access-date=17 November 2022|date=23 March 2022}}</ref>

== Ideology and political positions ==
SNPP advocated the safeguarding of interests of Sikkimese people and the special status for the state of Sikkim. It insisted that the protection of the [[Constitution of India]]'s Article 371F<ref>{{cite news|title=No match for Sikkim's victorious regional parties since 1979|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/sikkim/no-match-for-sikkims-victorious-regional-parties-since-1979/articleshow/68700102.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=31 October 2019|date=3 April 2019}}</ref> and the reintroduction of the Sikkim Tax Manual.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim party wants old tax law back|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/sikkim-party-wants-old-tax-law-back/cid/1455022|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=31 October 2019|date=27 March 2018}} In 2008, Sikkim Tax Manual had been repealed by the introduction of [[the Income-tax Act, 1961]].</ref> SNPP demanded that [[Government of Sikkim]] has to provide free electricity & medicines for the people of Sikkim.<ref name=NE>{{cite news|title=SNPP demands free electricity & medicines, says SDF failed to deliver basic facilities|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/sikkim-snpp-demands-free-electricity-medicines-says-sdf-failed-to-deliver-basic-facilities/|newspaper=the northeast today|access-date=8 November 2019|date=8 December 2018}}</ref>

SNPP also demanded that the Nepali seats in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly should be reinstated. At the same time, it opposed the merger of Darjeeling hills with Sikkim.<ref name=NE/>

In December 2012 Delay Namgyal Barfungpa petitioned the Supreme Court with corruption allegations against the ruling political party (1994-2019) SDF Government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delay Namgyal petitions Supreme Court with corruption allegations against CM and State Govt|url=http://sikkimnow.blogspot.com/2012/01/delay-namgyal-petitions-supreme-court.html|newspaper=Sikkim NOW!|access-date=31 October 2019|date=27 January 2012}}</ref> In May 2019 Barfungpa attended the swearing-in ceremony for the Chief Minister of Sikkim, [[Prem Singh Tamang]] (P.S. Golay) who is the president of [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] (SKM). Conversely, the former Chief Minister and president of SDF, [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] had boycotted it.<ref>{{cite news|title=PS Golay takes oath as Sikkim's 6th CM|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=75563&SectionID=|newspaper=Sikkim Express|access-date=31 October 2019|date=28 March 2019}}</ref> In the by-election 2019 Barfungpa criticized that the BJP-SKM alliance is a kind of backdoor politics.<ref name=SE/>

== Electoral records ==
; [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]] election
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Total Seats
! Seats Contested
! Seats Won
! Forfeited Deposits
! % Votes Contested
! Source
|-
| 2019 (by-election)
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 24.42
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Final result of Gangtok bye-poll|url=https://www.facebook.com/sikkimexpress/photos/a.130585913754096/1943209019158434/?type=3&theater|newspaper=Sikkim Express (Facebook)|access-date=22 November 2019|date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
|}

==Presidents==
*1st [[Biraj Adhikari]] (10 October 2008 - 4 August 2018)
*2nd [[Delay Namgyal Barfungpa]] (13 August 2018 - 22 March 2022)

==Organisation==
*SNPP Youth

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.snppsikkim.com/ Sikkim National People’s Party]
* [https://www.facebook.com/Sikkim-National-Peoples-Party-169479896421843/ Sikkim National People's Party (Facebook)]
* [https://www.facebook.com/DelayNamgyalBarfungpa/ Delay Namgyal Barfungpa (Facebook)]
* [https://www.facebook.com/snppyouth/ SNPP YOUTH (Facebook)]

{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Political parties in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Sikkim]]

Amol Patil

2025-09-13T12:53:28Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New First Stub Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amol Patil
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 23 November 2024
| predecessor = [[Chimanrao Patil]]
| constituency = [[Erandol Assembly constituency|Erandol]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1978}}
| birth_place = Erandol, Jalgaon district
| education = [[North Maharashtra University]]
| party = [[Shiv Sena]]
| parents = [[Chimanrao Patil]] (father)
}}

'''Amol Chimanrao Patil''' (born 1978)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Amol Chimanrao Patil(Shiv Sena):Constituency- ERANDOL(JALGAON) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=28 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician. He is a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Erandol Assembly constituency]] in [[Jalgaon district]]. He won the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Shiv Sena.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Erandol (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/erandol-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684513/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live: Erandol Election Results 2024 {{!}} Maharashtra Election Results {{!}} Elections 2024 - http://NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024/erandol |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Patil is from [[Erandol]], Jalgaon district, Maharashtra to [[Chimanrao Patil|Patil Chimanrao Rupchand]], a farmer and a former MLA.

He is a graduate with a BSL degree from North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon in 2005.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
He served as the vice-chairman of the Jalgaon District Central Cooperative Bank. He was also the chairman of the APMC in Pachora for 13 years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-10-20 |title=Erandol Sena MLA wants ticket for his son |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/114382322.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Patil won from Erandol Assembly constituency representing [[Shiv Sena|Shiv Sena Party]] in the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled votes and defeated his nearest rival, Satish Anna Patil of the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|Nationalist Congress Party (SP)]], by a huge margin of 56,332 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Erandol, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: SHS's Amol Chimanrao Patil wins Erandol with 101088 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/erandol-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638113-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Erandol Election Result 2024 LIVE: Amol Chimanrao Patil of SS Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/erandol-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9129960.html |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Erandol Constituency Election Results 2024: Erandol Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/erandol |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra assembly to have 78 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-to-have-78-first-time-mlas/article68926011.ece|title=Maharashtra assembly to have 78 first-time MLAs|last1=The Hindu|date=29 November 2024|accessdate=29 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129133813/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-to-have-78-first-time-mlas/article68926011.ece|archivedate=29 November 2024|language=en-IN}}</ref> His father, the sitting MLA, has sought the ticket for Patil, considering his own age and the party high command has nominated his son to contest the 2024 Assembly election from Erandol seat.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Amol}}

[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jalgaon district]]

Pichhra Dalit Muslim

2025-08-24T12:06:25Z

Neeraj Singh Creator:

{{Short description|2024 alliance of Indian political parties in Uttar Pradesh}}{{Refimprove|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Pichhra Dalit Muslim
|logo = Bichda Dalit Muslim alliance logo.jpg
|abbreviation = PDM
|colorcode = #030303 
|leader = [[Pallavi Patel|Sapna Patel]]
|president = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|chairman =
|secretary =
|ppchairman =
|foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2024|03|31}}
|founder =
|headquarters =
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Social justice]]|[[Conservatism]] ([[Conservatism in India|Indian]])
|[[Women's rights]]
|[[Composite nationalism]]
|[[Good governance#In national governments|Inclusive Governance]]
|[[Muslims]] [[Dalit|and Dalits Rights]]
|[[Minority rights]]
}}
|colours = {{color box|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} {{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#153C9C}} {{color box|#B27C16}}
|eci = Not Required
| state_seats_name = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|403|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
|symbol =
|website =
|flag =
}}
'''Pichhra Dalit Muslim''' (PDM) is a political alliance forged between the [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) and the [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] for the 18th Lok Sabha elections. Spearheaded by [[Pallavi Patel]] of Apna Dal (Kamerawadi) and AIMIM chief [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], this alliance aims to champion the interests of marginalized communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asaduddin Owaisi's Party Ties Up With Apna Dal (K) In UP For Lok Sabha Polls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asaduddin-owaisis-party-ties-up-with-apna-dal-k-in-up-for-lok-sabha-polls-5345458 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=2024-04-01 |title=Lok Sabha elections {{!}} Apna Dal (K)-AIMIM alliance scripted by BJP to divide votes, says SP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/apna-dal-k-aimim-alliance-scripted-by-bjp-to-divide-votes-sp/article68016400.ece |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In addition to AIMIM and Apna Dal (Kamerawadi), the PDM alliance includes other parties like Premchand Bind's [[Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party]] and [[Rashtriya Uday Party]]. This development follows the dissolution of ties between the [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) and [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)]] over differences in candidate selection.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-31 |title=Asaduddin Owaisi's party AIMIM ties up with Pallavi Patel's Apna Dal (K) in UP for Lok Sabha polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/asaduddin-owaisis-party-aimim-ties-up-with-pallavi-patels-apna-dal-k-in-up-for-lok-sabha-polls/articleshow/108918492.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

The rift between the SP and Apna Dal (K) came to light during the February Rajya Sabha polls when Apna Dal (K) leader and SP MLA, [[Pallavi Patel]], refused to support two SP candidates. Patel cited alleged deviations from the SP's PDA (Pichhra, Dalit, Alpasankhyak) formula in candidate nominations. Apna Dal (K) traces its roots back to the [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)|Apna Dal]], founded by OBC leader [[Sone Lal Patel]], whose legacy persists despite his passing in a tragic road accident in 2009.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

==Candidates==
On 13 April PDM declared its 7 seats.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Mayank |date=2024-04-13 |title=Apna Dal (K)-led PDM bloc declares seven candidates for Lok Sabha polls in UP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/apna-dal-k-led-pdm-bloc-declares-seven-candidates-for-lok-sabha-polls-in-up/article68062612.ece |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!#!! Lok Sabha Seat !! Candidate
|-
|1
| [[Raebareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]] || Hafiz Mohammad Mobeen
|-
|2
| [[Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency|Firozabad]] || Prem Dutt Baghel
|-
|3
| [[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency|Bareilly]] || Subhash Patel
|-
|4
| [[Hathras Lok Sabha constituency|Hathras]] || Jaiveer Singh Dhangar
|-
|5
| [[Bhadohi Lok Sabha constituency|Bhadohi]] || Prem Chand Bind
|-
|6
| [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]] || Ramkishan Pal
|-
|7
| [[Chandauli Lok Sabha constituency|Chandauli]] || Jawahar Bind
|-
|8
| [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]] || Mamta Kashyap
|-
|9
| [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mirzapur]] || Daulat Ram Patel
|-
|10
| [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]] || Rishi Patel
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2024 establishments in India]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pichda Dalit Muslim}}
[[Category:2024 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2024]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:Political parties of minorities in India]]

Tseklapai

2025-08-16T01:00:39Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: made basic post needs work

{{Short description|Mountain in Manipur, India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Tseklapai
| other_name = Waishon
| elevation_ft = 4122
| elevation_ref = <ref name=SoI/>
|location = [[Churachandpur district]], [[Manipur]]
|country = [[India]]
|coordinates={{coord|24.4035|93.6698|display=inline,title}}
|map = India Manipur#India
}}
'''Tseklapai''' (also called '''Tseklapi''' and '''Cheklapai'''),<ref name="KuRF">
[https://ukhrultimes.com/kuki-research-forum-kurf-on-objective-historical-position-of-the-kukis-in-manipur/ Kuki Research Forum on objective historical position of the Kukis in Manipur], Ukhrul Times, 25 May 2022.
</ref>
is described as a mountain in southern [[Manipur]], India.{{sfnp|Brown, Statistical Account of Manipur|1874|p=5}} It was evidently near [[Torbung]] and [[Moirang]].<ref name="Thangkan Major">{{harvp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 3|2013|loc=p. 97: "[Sakabda 1784 (1862 CE)] Friday, Thangkan Major and others, after catching three elephants from Torpung Cheklapai in Moirang, returned with them."}}</ref> It was used for an army camp,{{sfnp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 2|2009|p=34}} in fact, as the headquarters of the southern frontier defence of Manipur.{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier|2019|p=67}} During the [[Lushai Expedition]] of 1871–1872, Manipur was asked to station troops here for keeping a watch on the [[Kamhau-Suktes]].{{sfnp|Pau, Border and Belonging|2022a|loc=p. 280: [Quoting General Bourchier] "It was never my intention that the officer commanding should be tied down to Moirung, but that it should be moved to the south of the Munnipoor valley, but not further than the point marked Tseklapi in your map (spelt Yolepee by Colonel McCulloch), and which is about the southern frontier of Munnipoor"}}

Descriptions indicate Tseklapai to be a subsidiary range of the [[Thangjing Hills]] range.

==Geography==
[[File:Thangjing-Hill-area-SoI-1944.jpg|thumb|right|290px|1944 Survey of India map of Thangjing Hill and environs; the Waishon peak is the most likely location of the Cheklapai hill mentioned in ''[[Cheitharol Kumbaba]]'']]
The [[Thangjing Hills]] range with a peak at {{convert|2100|m}} above the mean sea level, is regarded as the western hill range that bounds the [[Imphal Valley]]. The majority of the range is in [[Churachandpur district]], a hill district dominated by the [[Kuki-Zo people]].

Near [[Torbung]] and to its south, there is a subsidiary range to the east of Thangjing Hills range, with a peak called '''Waishon''' at {{conv|4122|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name=SoI>
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-181831961-imphal-83-h-1944.jpg Survey of India mapsheet 83-H], 1944.
</ref> The [[Lanva River]] that drains into the [[Khuga River]] near [[Churachandpur]] originates here, flowing in the gap between the two ranges. The [[Loklai river]] that flows into Torbung also originates in this range. The recorded mentions of Tseklapai indicate this range. ''[[Cheitharol Kumbaba]]'' mentions Thangal Major catching three elephants here in 1862 and taking them to [[Imphal]].<ref name="Thangkan Major"/>

== History ==
=== Saiton Hills expedition ===
In 1789, King [[Bhagyachandra]] (Chingthang-Khomba) launched an expedition to Saiton Hills bordering the [[Imphal Valley]], lying to the east of the Khuga River valley. The Manipur forces set up a camp at Cheklapai, where Bhagyachandra also took his base. Then, they attacked Saiton Hills and "scattered" the hill villages. Bhagyachandra too went in and sang ''Oukri'' (victory song). Later, when the troops went out to search for food and loot, the tribesmen attacked, killing nine people. The troops fled and the tribesmen took possession of the big metal gun and arms and ammunition. The end result seems to have been ambiguous.<ref name="KuRF"/>{{sfnp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 2|2009|p=34}} ''[[Cheitharol Kumbaba]]'' states that the soldiers blocked up the Loklai river.{{sfnp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 2|2009|p=34}}

Ths Saiton Kukis (said to be Haokips) submitted later in 1858, to King [[Chandrakirti]], in order to obtain protection from [[Kamhau-Suktes]].<ref name="KuRF"/>

=== British Raj and Kamhau-Suktes ===
In 1824, Manipur came under the protection of the [[British Raj|British Empire]] in India, who established a [[Indian Political Department|political agency]] in Manipur in 1835. Around the same time, the [[Lushais]] in present-day [[Mizoram]] and Kamhau-Suktes in present-day [[Chin State]] (of Myanmar) acquired European guns, and started putting pressure on the hills to the south of Manipur valley. The tribes inhabiting them (mainly [[Thadou Kukis]], called "Khongjais" in Manipur) moved out into the other hill regions of Manipur.{{sfnp|Brown, Statistical Account|1874|loc= p.16: "... in that part of the hill country lying north of that occupied by the Lushai tribe of Kukis, there are no inhabitants whatever for about six days' journey."}} The British [[Political officer (British Empire)|political agent]], [[William McCulloch (political officer)|William McCulloch]], took care of their resettlement in Manipur's hill regions.{{sfnp|Mackenzie, Relations with the Hill Tribes|1884|loc=pp. 156–157: [Quoting McCulloch] "In the hills all round the valley, and to the west, beyond the Barak and Mookroo, are Kookies [Kukis]" over whom I exercise a general superintendence to prevent oppression of the people, driven from their homes by their enemies in the south."}} He also provided arms to a suitable number of Kukis and settled them in the frontier regions in what came to be known as "sepoy villages". They were given the task of sending scouts to watch the hostile southern tribes so as to avoid raids on Manipur territory.{{sfnp|Mackenzie, Relations with the Hill Tribes|1884|p=157}} In 1871–72, Tseklapai was said to be the headquarters of the southern frontier posts of Manipur.{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier|2019|loc=p. 67, Table 3.1}} Some of the reports indicate that these posts were manned by Kuki troops.{{sfnp|Annual Administration Report for 1875–76|1876|loc=p. 5: "On the 22nd Bysak (3rd May 1876) the headmen of the Khongjai sepoys stationed on the Moirang frontier, named Poomlul and Munglep of Lowsow, brought a Kamhow [Kamhau] head, and their statement as given is written below: [We], with seventy Khongjai sepoys proceeded to reconnoitre towards Tseklapi; on our arrival there, [..] we spied [on] an advance party of Kamhow force and proceeded as far as the banks of the Khooka river [Khuga river] ...}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |title=Annual Administration Report of the Munnipoor Agency, For the year ending 30th June 1875–76 |series=Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Foreign Department |location=Calcutta |publisher=Foreign Department Press |year=1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/annualadministr00unkngoog/page/n70 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Annual Administration Report for 1875–76|1876}}}}
* {{citation |first=R. |last=Brown |title=Statistical Account of the Native State of Manipur and the Hill Territory under Its Rule |year=1874 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/statistical-account-of-manipur |ref={{sfnref|Brown, Statistical Account of Manipur|1874}}}}
* {{citation |last=Mackenzie |first=Alexander |title=History of the Relations of the Government with the Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal |publisher=Home Department Press |location=Calcutta |year=1884 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1049 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Mackenzie, Relations with the Hill Tribes|1884}}}}
* {{cite book |last=McCulloch |first=W. |title=Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes |series=Selections from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department) |location=Calcutta |publisher=Bengal Printing Company |year=1859 |oclc=249105916 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.06262 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|McCulloch, Valley of Munnipore and the Hill Tribes|1859}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parratt |first=Saroj Nalini Arambam |title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa, Volume 1 |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415344302 |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2EUUngEACAAJ |ref={{sfnref|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 1|2005}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parratt |first=Saroj Nalini Arambam |title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa, Volume 2 |date=2009 |publisher=Foundation Books / Cambridge University Press India |isbn=978-81-7596-854-7 |ref={{sfnref|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 2|2009}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parratt |first=Saroj Nalini Arambam |title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa, Volume 3 |date=2013 |publisher=Foundation Books / Cambridge University Press India |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/court-chronicle-of-the-kings-of-manipur/D80D796CD974B5E5A1A32C8AF080795B |via=Cambridge Core |isbn=978-93-8226-498-9 |ref={{sfnref|Parratt, The Court Chronicle, Vol. 3|2013}}}}
* {{citation |last=Pau |first=Pum Khan |title=Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2019 |isbn=9781000507454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVmnDwAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier|2019}}}}
* {{citation |first=Pum Khan |last=Pau |chapter=Border and Belonging: Historicizing the Question of Indigeneity and Citizenship in Manipur |title=Citizenship in Contemporary Times: The Indian Context |editor=Gorky Chakraborty |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2022a |isbn=9781000807721 |doi=10.4324/9781003345152-20 |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Border and Belonging|2022a}}}}
** {{citation |first=Pum Khan |last=Pau |chapter=Border and Belonging: Historicizing the Question Of Indigeneity and Citizenship in Manipur |title=Citizenship in Contemporary Times: The Indian Context |editor=Gorky Chakraborty |edition=E-book |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2022b |isbn=9781032347127 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SCcEAAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Border and Belonging|2022b}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=Waishon#map=15/24.4035/93.6698&layers=C Terrain map of Waishon peak and its vicinity], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 28 March 2025.
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/16131151#map=13/24.36156/93.69450&layers=C Lanva River], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 28 March 2025.

[[Category:Hills of Manipur]]
[[Category:Churachandpur district]]

Kisama Heritage Village

2025-06-20T19:49:10Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: update formatting as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Naga Heritage Village}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{| class="infobox" style="width: 270px; float: right;"
|+ Kisama Heritage Village
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Kisama main arena Hornbill Festival 2019.jpg|300px]] Kisama Heritage Village
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | Location
| [[Kigwema]]–Phesama, [[Kohima district|Kohima District]], [[Nagaland]]
|-
|}
'''Kisama Heritage Village''' (also '''Naga Heritage Village''') is a Heritage Village located on the slopes of a hill between [[Kigwema]] and Phesama Villages in the [[Kohima district|Kohima District]] of the Indian state of [[Nagaland]]. The Heritage Village is the venue of the annual [[Hornbill Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kohima.nic.in/tourist-place/kisama-heritage-village/|title=Kisama Heritage Village|website=www.kohima.nic.in|access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref>

The Heritage Village houses the [[Morung|morungs]] of all the 17 [[List of Naga ethnic groups|ethnic groups of Nagaland]] and is designed in the form of an ancient Naga village to give the feel of an authentic traditional Naga village.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mynagaland.online/listing/kisama-heritage-village/|title=Kisama Heritage Village|website=www.mynagaland.online|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=19 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219163228/https://mynagaland.online/listing/kisama-heritage-village/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Name==
The name ''Kisama'' is an [[Amalgamation (names)|amalgamation]] of the names of its two neighbouring villages: '''''Ki''''' from '''''Ki'''''gwema, '''''sa''''' from Phe'''''sa'''''ma and '''''ma''''' from both Kigwe'''''ma''''' and Phesa'''''ma'''''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==Location==
The Kisama Heritage Village is located {{Convert|12|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Kohima]], the capital of Nagaland. The site is located above the [[Asian Highway 1]]/[[National Highway 2 (India)|National Highway 2]] between Kigwema and Phesama.

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Hornbill_Festival,Nagaland_2.jpg|Hornbill Festival, Kisama Heritage Village, Nagaland
File:Hornbill_Festival,Nagaland.jpg|Hornbill Festival, Kisama Heritage Village, Nagaland night view
File:Hornbill_Festival_,Nagaland.jpg|Hornbill Festival, Kisama Heritage Village, Nagaland
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category inline|Kisama Heritage Village}}

{{coord|25.616182|N|94.114627|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Kohima district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kohima]]

James Dokhuma

2025-05-30T09:04:28Z

Neeraj Singh Creator:

{{Short description|Mizo author and insurgent}}
{{Mizo name|Dokhuma}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Doctor (title)|Dr]]
| name = James Dokhuma
| image = Dr. James Dokhuma.png
| caption = Dr. James Dokhuma [[Padma Shri]] portrait
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|06|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sialsuk]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|03|10|1932|06|15|df=y}}
| death_place =
| criminal_charges = [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] Section 121 (Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the [[Government of India]], state & etc.)
| criminal_penalty = Life imprisonment( he later got pardoned because of the [[Mizoram Peace Accord]])
| spouse = Chhuanthangpuii(married 1960–death)
| children = 6
| mother = Kâpkûngi
| father = Hrangchina Chhakchhuak
| relatives = Dokhama(brother), Darawti(sister), Romani(sister), Lalṭanpuia(brother)
| awards = Academy Award(Mizo academy of Letters)
| honours = {{bulleted list |[[Padma Shri]] |[[Sahitya Akademi Award#Bhasha Samman|Bhasha Samman]] |
}}
}}

'''James Dokhuma''' (15 June 1932 to 10 March 2007)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chhakchhuak |first=James Dokhuma |title=Tawng Un Hrilhfiahna |publisher=Published by R.Lalrawna and Printed by him at Gilzom Offset |edition=6th |language=Mizo}}</ref> was a [[Mizo language|Mizo]] poet, writer and insurgent<ref name=IWI>{{cite book |last=Guptā|first= Ramaṇikā|date=2006 |title=Indigenous Writers of India: North-East India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWCiWWeRCU4C&dq=James+Dokhuma&pg=PA158 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=158–159 |isbn=81-8069-299-X}}</ref> who was awarded [[Padma Shri|Padmashri]] for his literary contributions.

== Early life and education ==
Dokhuma was born on 15 June 1932 in [[Sialsuk]] village. At the age of 15, he joined the [[Indian Army]] and served from 1947-1952.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=1983 — James Dokhuma – Mizo Academy of Letters |url=https://mizoacademyofletters.com/mizo-academy-award/1984-james-dokhuma/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |language=Mizo}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri James Dokhuma |url=https://www.oknortheast.com/2010/09/padma-shri-james-dokhuma.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.oknortheast.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Lalthasanga |first=Hrangte |date= |title=Representation of Mizo Identity in James Dokhuma's works |url=https://www.academia.edu/15554388 |degree=History|publisher=Academia Edu|access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lalmalsawmi |first1=V. |date=2022 |title=Situating Identity in James Dokhuma |url=https://www.rjoe.org.in/Files/v7i4/25.RJOE-V.Lalmalsawmi(226-234).pdf |journal=Research Journal of English |volume=7 |issue=4 |doi=10.36993/RJOE.2022.7.4.2 |issn=2456-2696 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
After serving in the army, he become a teacher in the Hualtu Middle School.<ref name=":1" /> With the contribution of his book Ṭawng Un Hrilhfiahna, in 1971 the government of [[Mizoram]] bestowed the title "Father of [[Mizoram|Mizo]] [[Lexicography]]"<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=CFR>{{cite journal |last1=Pachuau |first1=Margaret L |last2=Lalrinfeli |first2=C |date=2022 |title=Concept of Freedom in James Dokhuma's Rinawmin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370927924 |journal=Gauhati University Institute of North East India Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref>

== Imprisonment ==
Dokhuma was a participant in the [[Mizo National Front]] and was jailed. Books such as Rinawmin contribute to a unique genre in Mizo literature known as Rambuai, which details the events of the [[Mizo National Front uprising|Mizo Insurgency of 1966-1986]]. After the MNF uprising of 1966, Dokhuma joined the movement as the MNF block president of Tlungvel Circle. Other notable roles include Deputy Speaker and member of Parliament to the MNF underground movement. Dokhuma was captured and sent to Nowgong Special Jail before being transferred to [[Guwahati Central Jail]] and released in 1971.<ref name=CFR/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pachuau |first1=Margaret L.|date=2022 |title=Siting Memory in Select Mizo Narratives |url=https://www.rjoe.org.in/Files/v7i3/40.RJOE-Margaret(278-288)%20(2).pdf |journal=Research Journal of English |volume=7 |issue=3|access-date=11 November 2024|issn=2456-2696}}</ref> Due to his activities as an insurgent, Dokhuma's right arm was impaired. In a confrontation with the Indian army, his arm was hit by a bullet while two hit his torso and one hit his leg.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lalmalsawmi |first=V.|editor1-last=Pachuau|editor1-first=Margaret L.|editor2-last=Daimari|editor2-first=Anjali|date=2024 |title=Interpreting Literature from Northeast India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qSMmEQAAQBAJ |location=New Delhi |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing India |page= |isbn=978-93-56408-99-9|chapter=Mizo Nationalism in the works of James Dokhuma}}</ref> In the post-accord Mizoram, Dokhuma settled as a preacher working for the Salvation Army Evangelical mission.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bannerjee |first=Ruben |date=15 January 1993 |title=Former Mizo Insurgents trade in their guns for the Bible |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/religion/story/19930115-former-mizo-insurgents-trade-in-their-guns-for-bible-810545-1993-01-14 |work=India Today|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>

== Achievements ==
For his contributions he received [[Sahitya Akademi Award#Bhasha Samman|Bhasha Samman]], [[Padmashri|Padma shri]] and the Mizo Academy Awards. Dokhuma secured the Mizo Academy Award for Best Writer of the Year five times in 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991 and 1996.<ref name="IWI" />

== Works ==

=== Poetry ===
* Mi zâwn inchuh (Textbook for Class- XI MBSE Mizo)
* Pûm (Textbook for Class-XII MBSE Mizo)
* A tak chu khawiah nge? (B.A)
* Siamtu Khuarêl (M.A)
* Thu rêng ka nei si lo (M.A)
* Pi Pu sûlhnu (M.A)

===Prose===

* Ka thuhretu (Textbook for Class-VII)
* Lungawina (Textbook for Class-IX)
* Zân (Textbook for Class-X)
* Serh leh sâng (Textbook fork for Class-XI (Core))
* Fam ta lo chu (Textbook for Class-XI (Elective))
* Sawifiahna Ṭawngauchheh (B.A)

=== Novels ===

* Irrawaddy Lui Kamah (Textbook for Class-IX)
* Tumpang Chal nge Saithangpuii (B.A)
* Thla Hleinga Zan (B.A)
* Khawhar In (M.A)

=== Books ===

* Rinawmin (1970)
* Khawhar In (1970)
* Thla Hleinga Zan (1970)
* Zoram Kohhran Tualṭo Chanchin (1975)
*Tumna Chu a Hlawhtling ṭhin (1976)
*Kawtlang Inzirna (1976)
*Ni leh Thla kara leng (1978)
*Hmasawnna (1978)
*Arsi Thawnthu (1979)
*Hausak aiin hrisel a hlu zawk (1979)
*Finna Hmahruai (1980)
*Ṭawng Un Hrilhfiahna (1981)
*Tumpangchal nge Saithangpuii? (1981)
*Chawngkhum dân tlang huat loh (1981)
*Ka Inpuanna (1982)
*Chawngkhum dan tlang huat loh Bu-2-na (1982)
*Hmangaihna Thuchah (1982)
*Irrawaddy Lui Kamah (1982)
*Good Bye, Lushai Brigade (1983)
*Notes on Mizo Idioms & Phrases (1983)
*Kimoto Syonora (1984)
*Nunna bua hming chuangte (1986)
*Gabbatha (1989)
*Chhungkua(Sipai Inkhawm Thupui) (1990)
*Lonesome Cowbow (1990)
*Hmeichhia leh mipa indona (1992)
*Hmanlai Mizo Kalphung (1992)
*Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose (1993)
*Mak leh Mak (1995)
*An va hlu êm
*Enthlatute (Sex Spy & War Spy)
*Silaimu Ngaihawm
*Ka Thinlung Luang Liam
*Rilru Far Chhuak
*Zokhaw Nun
*Thla Hleinga Zan II
*Ch. Chhunga Chanchin
*Thisen leh Mei (Self Denial Thupui)
*Lamsuaka
*Singapore-a Mizo Saltangte
*Kham Kâr Senhri (True Story)
*Mizo Ṭawng Kalphung

== Death ==
In February 2007 he had a sudden violent fit of shivers. According to tests results, his blood sugar completely destroyed his kidneys, eyes, lungs and heart. He also developed a [[urinary tract infection]]. He died on 27 March 2007.<ref name=":0" />

==Facts==
* He received a Doctorate Degree from the International University of California.
* One of his works, Gabbatha, is believed to be the first Mizo fiction to be translated in English
* Many of his works are used by schools
* He was pronounced dead at birth, but found breathing at the last second, when he was being lowered down
* His writing career started when he was imprisoned at Nowgong Special Jail

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Kurdugad

2025-05-07T15:00:01Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: improved article

{{Infobox Military Structure
|name = Kurdugad Fort
|partof = [[Sahyadri]] Hill Range
|location = [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| map_type=India Maharashtra#India
| map_size = 300
|map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates = {{coord|18|21|54.8|N|73|24|21.3|E}}
|materials = Stone
|height = {{cvt|2020|ft}}
|used =
|condition = Ruins
|ownership = Government of India
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} (1739–1818) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] (1818–1857)
* {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]] (1857–1947)
{{flagcountry|India}} (1947–)
}}

'''Kurdugad Fort ''' is a fort located {{cvt|143|km}} from [[Mumbai]] and 113km from [[Pune]] in [[Raigad district]], of [[Maharashtra]]. This fort was an important fort in Raigad district as a watch over for the trade route from Pune to coastal ports. The fort is surrounded by thick forest and hill slopes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aroundpune.com/place/kurdugad/|title=Kurdugad Forts|access-date=11 December 2019|publisher=Around Pune}}</ref>

==History==
The Kurdugad Fort is also known as Vishramgad Fort. It was named after the goddess Krudai Devi whose temple is constructed at the base of the fort. The fort was constructed during the reign of [[Shivaji]] with the assistance of Sardar Baji Pasalkar. The Peshawas were in control of the Kurdugad Fort but it lost its importance once the British rule had begun. The fort was later brought in light by Dattoba Pasalkar, a descendant of Baji Pasalkar. <ref name="Imoutdoor">{{cite web |last1=Imoutdoor |title=Kurdugad Fort Trek |url=https://imoutdoor.com/trek/kurdugad-fort-trek-a-complete-guide/ |website=www.imoutdoor.com |publisher=Imoutdoor |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

==How to reach==
The nearest town is [[Kolad]] which is 125 km from [[Mumbai]]. The base village of the fort is Jite which is 25 km from the taluka place [[Mangaon]]. The fort can also be trekked from Dhamanwal village. It takes about 2 hours to reach the fort from the base village. The route is very safe and passes through dense jungle. It takes about one and a half hours to reach the tribal [[Katkari people|Katkari]] village called Pethwadi. From Pethwadi it is a steep climb of half an hour to reach the entrance gate of the fort.<ref name="Trekshitiz">{{cite web |last1=Trekshitiz |title=Kurdugad |url=http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/Ei/Kurdugad-Trek-Easy-Grade.html |website=www.trekshitiz.com |publisher=Trekshitiz |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> There is no water at the fort so, the night stay on the fort can not be made. The villagers from Pethwadi and Jite make night stay and food arrangements at reasonable cost.

==Places to see==
There is one dilapidated Kurdai devi temple in the village Pethwadi. There are two pinnacles on the fort. There are two water cisterns on the fort which retain water even during dry summer season. The best time to visit the fort is from November to February.<ref name="Trekshitiz" />

== See also ==
{{commons category|Birwadi Fort}}
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Forts in Raigad district]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]

Madhusudanpur Jagan

2025-03-11T20:57:32Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created new post

{{Short description|Village block in India}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madhusudanpur Jagan
| settlement_type = village
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date and age|2000}}
| founder =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_ha = 98
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_footnotes =
| coordinates =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 246764
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP 20]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]] [[Pradhan]]
| leader_title = [[Pradhan]]
| leader_name = Gulsher
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Officials
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
}}
'''Madhusudanpur Jagan''' is a village block [[Mohammadpur Deomal]] in [[Bijnor district]] in Tttarpradesh, India near by [[NH 34]] and Bijnor Public School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhusudanpur Jagan Data |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/40813 |website=[[2011 Census of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhusudanpur Jagan {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Madhusudanpur-Jagan/Village |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BhuLekh |url=https://upbhulekh.gov.in/public/village_list_new.jsp?pageId=RGPPR&dcode=134&tcode=00713&tname=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0&dname=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=upbhulekh.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhusudanpur Jagan Village Population - Bijnor, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttar-pradesh/bijnor/bijnor/madhusudanpur-jagan-population.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Censusindia2011.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Bijnor district]]

{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}

John Matthai (civil servant)

2025-02-23T16:19:05Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: created the bio added tags - done

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{For|the politician|John Matthai}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
'''John Matthai''' is a former [[Chief Secretary (India)|chief secretary]] of Kerala, India. He belongs to the 1971 batch of [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS).

== Career ==
Matthai began his career as sub-collector of [[Thalassery]]. He was appointed Collector of [[Kottayam]] in 1978. He held various positions such as managing director of [[State Cooperative Marketing Federation]], director of public instruction, and secretary for industries, power and forests and wildlife departments before becoming the principal secretary of industries in 1996.

Subsequently, he was posted as commissioner of commercial taxes and commissioner of excise. He was promoted as [[Additional Chief Secretary (India)|additional chief secretary]] in 2005. Later in 2006, he was appointed as the chief secretary to [[V. S. Achuthanandan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-15/india/27826005_1_judicial-probe-cabinet-meeting-chief-secretary |title=John Mathai is new Kerala chief secretary |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629121642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-15/india/27826005_1_judicial-probe-cabinet-meeting-chief-secretary |archive-date=29 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He is a graduate from the [[Regional Engineering College Calicut]].<ref>{{cite news |title=John Mathai appointed Chief Secretary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/john-mathai-appointed-chief-secretary/article3076239.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2006-09-16 |accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref> He is the youngest brother of Moran [[Cyril Baselios|Cyril Mar Baselios]], [[Catholicos]] of the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathai, John}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Syro-Malankara Catholics]]
[[Category:Indian Eastern Catholics]]
[[Category:National Institute of Technology Calicut]]

Akorhi Gola

2024-10-06T03:42:59Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: New A Stub V1

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Akorhi Gola
| other_name = Akorhīgola
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Akorhi Gola block map.png
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.97128|N|84.19056|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/10834485/akorhigola.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Akorhīgola''|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.52
| elevation_footnotes =<ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 110
| population_total = 3810<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Akorhi Gola''' is a village and corresponding [[community development block]] in [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar]], India. Located 6 km north of [[Dehri]], Akorhi Gola is known for its [[blanket]] weaving industry. As of 2011, the village had a population of 3,810, in 601 households, while the total block population was 120,145.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook – Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=33, 44–70, 1060–1083, 1191–1192|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Akorhi Gola is an entirely rural block, with no major urban centres. Its population increased from 98,613 in 2001 to 120,145 in 2011, representing a 21.8% increase. The [[sex ratio]] of the block is 918 females to every 1000 males, which is slightly below the district average of 921 for rural areas. In 2011, the sex ratio was higher among the 0–6 age group, with 932 females for every 1000 males, which was about equal to the district average of 931. Members of [[scheduled castes]] numbered 27,952, making up 23.27% of the block population, and members of [[scheduled tribes]] numbered 69, or 0.06% of the population.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Of the 3,180 residents of Akorhi Gola village in 2011, 53.20% (2,027) were male and 46.80% (1,783) were female. 14.04% (535 people) were in the 0–6 age group. The literacy rate of the village was 64.23% (73.56% among men and 53.62% among women). There were 1,499 total workers in the village, of whom 1,116 were male and 383 were female. There were 177 (127 male and 50 female) cultivators who owned or leased their own land, 793 (593 male and 200 female) agricultural labourers who worked someone else's land for wages, 56 (40 male and 16 female) household industry workers, and 648 (431 male and 217 female) other workers.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook – Rohtas, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |pages=13, 314–319, 373–399|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Bihar.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=11 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Literacy ===
In 2011, the literacy rate of Akorhi Gola block was 72.33%, slightly below the district rate of 73.37%. Literacy was higher in men than in women: 83.13% of men, but only 60.54% of women, could read and write; the corresponding 22.59% literacy gap was slightly higher than the district average of 19.91%.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Amenities ==
=== Akorhi Gola village ===
Akorhi Gola does not have [[tap water]], with drinking water instead coming from either [[well]] or [[hand pump]]. It has [[public toilet]]s, telephone coverage, or Internet access. Now It has permanent [[Indian vernacular architecture#pukka|pucca]] roads. It has four Banks (SBI, PNB, HDFC, MGB), a post office, a [[public library]], many [[recreation centre]] with [[sports field]]s, and a daily [[Mandi (market)|mandi]], but not a weekly [[haat]] or any movie theatres. It has one primary school and three middle schools and also secondary schools(Senior Secondary School Premnagar); there is one [[medical facility]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

=== Akorhi Gola block ===
All villages in Akorhi Gola block have access to [[National Grid (India)|electricity]], a distinction it shares with [[Dehri]] block in Rohtas district. 48 of the 53 inhabited villages have schools, serving 92.5% of the population, which is marginally above the average for Rohtas district. 12 villages have medical facilities, serving 36.43% of the population, which again is slightly above the district average. 35 villages have telephone services, serving 63.75% of the population. 13 villages have banks and [[agricultural credit society|agricultural credit societies]], serving 52.69% of the population, and 44 have access to permanent pucca roads, serving 85.34% of the block population.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

In 2011, 53.08% of Akorhi Gola block's residents lived in permanent pucca houses, 28.89% lived in semi-permanent houses, and 17.91% lived in temporary kutcha houses. A large majority (94.63%) of households used mainly [[hand pump]] for access to drinking water, with 3.01% using [[tap water]] and the remainder using [[well]]s and other sources. 73.4% of households used [[kerosene]] lamps for lighting, with 24.15% using [[electric light]]s and the remainder using other sources. Most households did not have toilets, with 1.05% using mainly public toilets and 79.36% using [[open defecation]]. 1.14% had toilets connected to [[sanitary sewer]]s, 14.67% had toilets connected to [[septic tank]]s, and 1.65% had flush toilets connected to other systems. For fuel used in cooking, a majority of households (65.99%) used mainly [[cow dung]] cakes, with 17.43% using [[firewood]] and 8.86% using [[crop residue]] (the remainder used other fuels). Most households (76.52%) did not have kitchens in the home; 17.18% did have kitchens in their homes, while the remainder cooked outdoors. 60.34% of households had access to banking services.<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>

In addition, 26.47% of households had radios, 21.05% had televisions, 0.59% had computers with internet access and 4.96% had computers without internet. 2.19% had [[landline]] telephones, 60.98% had cell phones, and 1.1% had both types of phone. 66.67% had bicycles, 9.69% had [[motor scooter]]s, motorcycles, or [[moped]]s, and 1.55% had [[automobile]]s. 16.89% did not have any of the above items.<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>

== Villages ==
Akorhi Gola block comprises 56 villages, 53 inhabited and 3 uninhabited:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Habbupur]] || 141.7 || 1,247
|-
| Kapasia || 202 || 1,681
|-
| Balgawan || 637.3 || 5,162
|-
| Tendubahar || 107.6 || 1,163
|-
| Haundih || 157 || 1,306
|-
| Hamiradih || 70 || 716
|-
| Sarawan || 135.6 || 1,316
|-
| Birodih || 65.6 || 1,178
|-
| Chhotki Biseni || 94.74 || 2,364
|-
| Karmahi || 93.9 || 397
|-
| Ghorahi || 23.9 || 0
|-
| Kaithi || 274.7 || 2,748
|-
| Biseni Kalan || 170.8 || 2,982
|-
| Karup || 98.2 || 892
|-
| Niman || 123.1 || 1,010
|-
| Kusmhara || 160.3 || 1,355
|-
| Chit Bisawan || 110 || 901
|-
| [[Tetrarh.com|Tetrarh]] || 248.1 || 3,630
|-
| Bagha Khoh || 265.4 || 2,742
|-
| Jadwa || 114.6 || 994
|-
| Bandhpa || 136.4 || 1,442
|-
| Isra || 92.7 || 1,495
|-
| Piarepur || 128.7 || 1,444
|-
| Chanp || 172.4 || 1,413
|-
| Budhua || 257.7 || 2,907
|-
| [[Mahuari]] || 175.2 || 1,389
|-
| Pakaria || 263.4 || 3,136
|-
| Salea || 122.7 || 1,620
|-
| Khapra || 123.9 || 1,627
|-
| Chhapra || 323.4 || 3,928
|-
| Basantpur || 125 || 496
|-
| Chanda || 185.3 || 939
|-
| Gamharia || 121.8 || 2,335
|-
| Nawadih || 167.9 || 2,100
|-
| Munriar || 185.7 || 3,343
|-
| Barka Tenua || 220 || 1,683
|-
| Tenua Khurd || 69.7 || 671
|-
| Kaupa || 232 || 1,736
|-
| Tewari Dih || 80.2 || 578
|-
| Sahji || 32.8 || 0
|-
| Dharahara || 178.9 || 3,834
|-
| Chhemuan || 36.68 || 0
|-
| Sherpur || 102.4 || 754
|-
| '''Akorhi''' (capital) || 292 || 3,810
|-
| Baruna || 179.3 || 4,231
|-
| Karkatpur || 153.7 || 1,511
|-
| Bararhi || 196.6 || 7,394
|-
| [[Madhurampur Dehri]] || 149 || 5,249
|-
| Bank || 770.9 || 10,444
|-
| Zorawarpur || 178.8 || 1,279
|-
| Chandi || 309.6 || 5,441
|-
| Bagen || 129.6 || 1,306
|-
| Gobardhanpur || 405.1 || 3,699
|-
| Bahoranpur || 143.3 || 493
|-
| Ugra || 174 || 945
|-
| Mathurapur || 78.52 || 1,689
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rohtas district}}

[[Category:Villages in Rohtas district]]

Velinga

2024-09-05T00:07:28Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: made basic info initial version

{{coord|15.431804474017062|73.97197620589226|display=title}}

{{one source|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

'''Velinga''' is a village in the [[North Goa]] sub-district (or ''taluka'') of [[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]]. It lies in the centre of Goa, in a setting amidst greenery and temples.

== Location code, size, population ==

It features under the location code number of 626854 in the official Indian Census of 2011.<ref name="Velinga">{{Cite book|title=2011: Goa. Series 31, Part XIIB, District Census Handbook. North Goa. Village and Townwise Primary Census Abstracts.|publisher=Census of India|year=2014|pages=132}}</ref> According to the Census details, Velinga has an area of 315.00 hectares, and a total number of 444 households comprising 1,921 persons (including 1,001 males and 920 females).<ref name="Velinga" /> Its under-six population is made up of 145 children, including 79 boys and 66 girls.<ref name="Velinga" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]

{{Goa-geo-stub}}

Kochi LNG Terminal

2024-02-17T03:12:31Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: Article enhanced with better details

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox
| title = Kochi LNG Terminal
| headerstyle = background:#ccf;
| image = [[File:Kochi LNG Terminal DSW.jpg|275px|Kochi LNG Terminal]]
| caption = Kochi LNG Terminal
| labelstyle =
| datastyle =
| label2 =
| data2 =
| header3 = General information
| label4 = Location
| data4 = [[Puthuvype]], [[Kochi, India|Kochi]]
| label5 = Status
| data5 = {{color|blue|Completed}}
| label6 = Coordinates
| data6 = {{coord|9.977|N|76.226|E|region:IN|display=title,inline}}
| label7 = Developer
| data7 = [[Petronet LNG]]
| label8 = Construction start
| data8 = 2007
| label9 = Commission
| data9 = August, 2013
| label10 = Land area
| data10 = 33.4 ha for storage and re-gasification terminal 23 ha for marine facilities
| header11 = Technical details
| label12 = Capacity
| data12 = 5 million [[tonne]]s per year
| label13 = Length
| data13 = 300 m
| label14 = Draft
| data14 = 12 m
| label15 = Website
| data15 = [http://www.petronetlng.com/kochi-terminal.php Petronet LNG Limited]
}}

'''Kochi LNG''' is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification [[Liquefied natural gas terminal|terminal]] operated by [[Petronet LNG]] in [[Puthuvype]], [[Kochi]], India.
The LNG terminal has been constructed and commissioned in August, 2013 at a cost of Rs.4,200 [[crore]]s.<ref name=standard>{{cite news| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-to-inaugurate-kochi-lng-terminal-tomorrow-114010400010_1.html | work= Business Standard | title=PM to inaugurate Kochi LNG terminal tomorrow | date=2014-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Prime-Minister-to-Open-Kochi-LNG-Terminal-Today/2014/01/04/article1981932.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105041256/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Prime-Minister-to-Open-Kochi-LNG-Terminal-Today/2014/01/04/article1981932.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 January 2014 | work= The New Indian Express | title=Prime Minister to Open Kochi LNG Terminal Today | date=2014-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/petronet-lng-commissions-kerala-terminal/1/198027.html | work= Business Today | title=Petronet LNG commissions Kerala terminal | date=2014-08-23}}</ref>

==General Information==
The terminal has been developed by [[Petronet LNG]] having the capacity to store and distribute 5-million tonnes per annum. The terminal is currently operating at 8 percent capacity. The present customers are Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore (FACT), BPCL (Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited) and Nitta Gelatin India Ltd. So far, two vessels carrying LNG had berthed at the terminal and had unloaded them.<ref name=standard/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kochi-lng-terminal-to-be-launched-by-pm/article5418855.ece | work= The Hindu | title=PM to inaugurate Kochi LNG terminal | date=2014-01-01}}</ref><ref name=businessline>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/pm-to-inaugurate-kochi-lng-terminal-on-jan-4/article5523210.ece | work= The Hindu Business Line | title=PM to inaugurate Kochi LNG terminal on Jan 4 | date=2013-12-31}}</ref> Petronet LNG gets the supply of 14.4 lakh tons of LNG per year for the Kochi terminal from the Gorgon project in Australia for a 20-year period as per the deal signed in August 2009.<ref name=businessline/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102302 | work= Press Information Bureau | title=PM's speech at the dedication of Kochi LNG Terminal to the Nation | date=2014-01-04}}</ref>

==Location==

The terminal is located in Puthuvype, around 12&nbsp;km (7.5&nbsp;mi) from the city centre.

== Facilities ==
* Marine Terminal to receive vessels up to 2,16,000 m3 capacity
* Facilities for storage, re-gasification and dispatch of gas.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Kochi]]
* [[International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi]]

[[Category:Liquefied natural gas terminals]]
[[Category:Economy of Kochi]]
[[Category:Energy in Kerala]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kochi]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2013]]

Allahu Akbar (film)

2024-01-06T21:27:44Z

Neeraj Singh Creator: reworked information after review and updated info

#REDIRECT [[Allahu Akbar (disambiguation)]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}