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Gurjars in Punjab

2026-05-24T23:45:12Z

Natasha6581: Put Up Basic Entry W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Ethnic in Punjab region}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = 
| native_name = Punjabi Gujjars
| image = File:Two Gujjar men with one Gujjar boy from Rawalpindi district Punjab.png
| image_caption = Two Punjabi Gurjars with a Gurjar boy from [[Rawalpindi district]], Punjab, Pakistan.
| regions = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan {{flagicon|India}} India
| population = ~2,737,706 (greater than [[#Population|these estimates]]){{efn-lr|For [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] population estimates only included for northern Punjab ([[Pothohar]] region), and population estimates for [[Central Punjab|central]], [[Eastern Punjab, Pakistan|eastern]], and [[South Punjab Province movement|southern Punjab]] are not included.}}
| region1 = [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| pop1 = 23,00,000 (only for [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar/north Punjab]])<ref name=":PKPunj">{{Cite journal |last1=Zahra |first1=Fatima Tuz |last2=Hussain |first2=Manzoor |last3=Khan |first3=Khushbukhat |last4=Aslam |first4=Muhammad Adeel |last5=Shafique |first5=Muhammad |last6=Rubab |first6=Aqsa |last7=Javeed |first7=Shahzadi |date=2020-07-01 |title=Genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosomal STRs in Gujjar population of Punjab |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02227-6 |journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine |language=en |volume=134 |issue=4 |pages=1333–1334 |doi=10.1007/s00414-019-02227-6 |pmid=31858262 |issn=1437-1596 |quote=Approximately 18 ethnic groups dwellin 4 provinces of Pakistan. Among which Gujjar is one of the largest ethnic tribes of Pakistan whose approximately 2.3 million population reside in the north side of its Punjab province.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| region2 = [[Punjab, India]]
| pop2 = 4,37,706 ([[1951 census of India|1951 census]])<ref name=":INDPunj" />
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =
| languages = • [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{efn-lr|name=LanG|Gurjars are a multilingual community in Punjab they speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujari]], [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] languages.<ref name=":Lng">Gojri Language and Its Linguistic Features by
BADAR ZAMAN, p.69 (April 2019).</ref><ref name=":Lang2" />}} • [[Gujari]]{{efn-lr|name=LanG}} • [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] • [[Urdu]]{{efn-lr|name=LanG}} • [[Hindi]]{{efn-lr|name=LanG}}
| religions = {{·}} Majority: [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Sunni Islam]] {{·}}Minorities:
[[File:Om symbol.svg|18px]] [[Hinduism]], [[File:Khanda (Sikh Symbol).svg|18px]] [[Sikhism]]
| related_groups = [[Gurjar]], [[Muslim Gurjars]], [[Punjabis]]
| footnotes = '''Titles''': [[Mihir]],<ref name=":Tit1" /> [[Mir (title)|Mir]],<ref name=":Tit1">{{Cite journal |date=September 30, 2011 |title=Mahar–Dalit–Buddhist: The history and politics of naming in Maharashtra |first=Shailaja |last=Paik |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/006996671104500203 |journal=Sage Journals |volume=45 |issue=02 |pages=221 |doi=10.1177/006996671104500203 |quote=Both in the Punjab and in Rajaputana the title of respect to a Gujar is Mahar, Mihir, or Mir. |via=Sage Publication|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Mehar (name)|Mehr]],<ref name=":Tit1" /><ref name=":Tit2">{{Cite book |last=Organization (Pakistan) |first=Census |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Population_Census_of_Pakistan_1961/0He64ZQMLOcC?hl=en |title=Population Census of Pakistan, 1961: District Census Report |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref> [[Chowdhury|Chaudhary]]<ref name=":Tit2"/>
----
[[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|270px|thumb|Map of undivided Punjab region (now divided as [[Punjab, India]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan]] including [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]).]]
}}

'''Gurjars in Punjab''' or '''Punjabi Gujjars''',{{efn-lr| Locally in Punjab Gurjars also known as '''Gujara''', '''Gurjara''', '''Gujjaro''', '''Gujjar zaat''' or ([[Baradari (brotherhood)|Gujjar Biradari -گجر برادری]]<ref name=":Batoo" />). ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|{{nq|پنجاب چ گجر/ پنجابی گجر}}; [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਗੁਰਜਰ / ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਗੁੱਜਰ}}); [[Gujari]]: پنجاب مان گجر; {{langx|ur|{{nq|پنجاب میں گرجر/ پنجابی گجر}}}}; [[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi|पंजाब में गुर्जर /पंजाबी गुर्जर}}}})}} are a community native to the larger region of [[Punjab]] now divided into Punjab, Pakistan and Punjab, India. They are descended from [[Gurjar]]s who moved into this region during [[Medieval India|medieval]] times. They are scattered across almost all districts of Pakistani and Indian Punjab; They are densely populated in [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Faisalabad District|Faislabad]], [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Murree District|Murree]], [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]], [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Okara District|Okara]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpure]], [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar (Ropar)]], [[Nawanshahr District|Nawanshahr]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Patiala district|Patiala]], [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]], [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]], and [[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]] districts, while [[Barnala district|Barnala]] and [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]] have the smallest Gujjar population. They adopted [[Islam]] in the [[Medieval India|medieval period]], mostly through the influence of [[Sufism]], from the 11th century to the 16th century. Now in Punjab the majority of Gurjars are Muslims, with [[Hindu Gurjars|Hindu]] and [[Sikh Gurjars]] as minority [[ethnoreligious group]]s.

They accounted among the largest ethnic group in Pakistani Punjab, and in [[1961 census of India]], they were the 8th largest ethnic group in Indian Punjab.<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/sv4cAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=382 |language=en |quote=The Gujars are the eighth largest caste in the Panjab, only the Jats, Rajputs and Pathans amongst dominant castes, the mixed caste of Arains, and the Brahmans, Chamars, and Chuhras exceeding them in point of number.}}</ref><ref name=":Batoo">{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Dr Humaira |last2=Batoo |first2=Qudsia |last3=Khan |first3=Dr Mumtaz Ali |last4=Alam |first4=Imraan |date=July 2020 |title=The Role of Biradarism in Punjab Politics: A Case Study of Sialkot |url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/10_57_2_20.pdf |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |language=en |publisher=[[University of Punjab]], Pakistan |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=84 |quote=Gujjar biradari is among the prominent biradaries of Punjab and others included Jats, Rajput, and Pathans, Kashmiris, etc.}}</ref> Gurjars make up majority in the western parts ([[West Punjab]]) and Jats make up majority in the eastern part ([[East Punjab]]) of the Punjab region.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Dr Anshumali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHDnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT13&dq=Gujar+culture+Punjab&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gujar%20culture%20Punjab&f=false |title=Culinary History of the Gangetic Plains |date=2023-01-29 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-88923-986-4 |language=en}}</ref>

In historical era they ruled and gave names to several places in Punjab region: these places include [[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]], [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]], [[Gujar Khan]], and [[Gojra]].{{efn-lr|Gurjar is an important ethnic group of the Punjab region, they ruler and gave name to various places including: [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]], Gujrat, Gujar Khan & [[Gojra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandhu |first=Gurcharn Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Military_History_of_Ancient_India/0yXcAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=A Military History of Ancient India |date=2000 |publisher=Vision Books |isbn=978-81-7094-375-4 |pages=338 |language=en |quote=The '''Gurjaras''' ('''Gujjars''') had several settlements in northwestern India as is evident from place names like Gujarat, Gujranwala, Gujarkhan - all in west Pakistan. At one time Saharanpur and a northern district in Gwalior state were called Gujarat and Gujargarh respectively.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bloeria |first=Sudhir S. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan_s_Insurgency_Vs_India_s_Securit/-jBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Pakistan's Insurgency Vs India's Security: Tackling Militancy in Kashmir |date=2000 |publisher=Manas Publications |isbn=978-81-7049-116-3 |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Sikh_Gurus_Retold_1469_1606_C/qw7-kUkHA_0C?hl=en |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0857-8 |pages=3 |language=en |quote=Gujjars were numerous around Jehlum in Hasan Abdal and throughout the Hazara district and thinly scattered towards the north where they gave their name to important places such as Gujranwala, Gujarat and Gujar khan. As to their origin nothing precise is known, yet we subscribe to the view of Ibetson that 'Jats and Gujjars and perhaps Ahirs' also, are all of same ethnic stock.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Levinson |first=David |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_World_Cultures_South_Asi/Ds0ZAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South Asia|date=1991 |publisher=G.K. Hall|pages=88 |language=en |quote=The Gujars are a historical caste who have lent their name to the Gujarat District and the town of Gujaranwala in the Punjab, the peninsula and state of Gujarat, and the area known as Gujargarh in Gwalior.}}</ref><ref name=":Pandhe" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qazi |first=S. A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Systematic_Geography_of_Jammu_and_Kashmi/ZZh3Zkoqtc4C?hl=en |title=Systematic Geography of Jammu and Kashmir |date=2005 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-786-3 |language=en |pages=170 |quote=Later Mrs. Gandhi as Prime Minister declared Gujjars as a scheduled tribe which will go a long way in the upliftment of Gujjar. In the southern Punjab they are thinly scattered, but their number increases rapidly towards the north, where they have given their name to several important places such as Gujranwala in the Rechna Doab, Gujarat in the Chief Doab, and Gujjar Khan in the Sindh Sagar Doab.}}</ref>}}

In Indian Punjab, Muslim Gurjars live in isolation and have not maintained marital relationships with Sikh and [[Hindu Gurjars]], whereas Sikh and Hindu Gurjars often have [[Marriage|marital ties]] with each other.<ref name="Marenco 1974 64">{{Cite book |last=Marenco |first=Ethne K. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Transformation_of_Sikh_Society/OeseAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Transformation of Sikh Society |date=1974 |publisher=HaPi Press |pages=64 |language=en}}</ref>

Gurjar is a major [[Landlord|landholding]] and [[Agriculture|agricultural]] ethnic group of the Punjab region along with [[Arain]], Rajput, Jat, and other Punjabi communities.{{efn-lr|Gurjar is an agricultural and landholding community of Punjab.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mir |first=Naseer Ahmad |date=2017 |title=Landholding Communities in Punjab: A Changing Caste Composition from 1595 to 1901 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26906102 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=78 |pages=340–350 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name=":Jobanjit">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Jobanjit |last2=Dr. Manu |first2=Sharma |date=August 2023 |title=INHABITANCE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUJJAR TRIBE IN THE VARIOUS DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB |url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2023/IJRSS_AUGUST2023/IJRSS8Aug23_js.pdf |journal=International Journal of Research in Social Sciences |volume=13 |issue=08 |pages=75–79 |issn=2249-2496|quote=Gujjars: ''They are landlords and build their own houses on the land. In Punjab, 34 of their 100 houses are family occupied, indicating that more than 34% of his Gujar own their own homes''.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh/Cj1uAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Polity, Economy, and Society |date=2001 |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University |isbn=978-81-7770-026-8 |pages=89 |language=en |quote=The Gujjars were important as land owners, cultivators and herdsmen. Several places were especially associated with them, like Gujjar Khan in the Sindh Sagar Doab, Gujrat in the Chaj Doab, and Gujranwala in the Rachna Doab.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gazdar |first=Haris |last2=Mallah |first2=Hussain Bux |date=2012-10-01 |title=Class, caste and housing in rural Pakistani Punjab: The untold story of the Five Marla Scheme |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/006996671204600303 |journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |language=EN |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=318 |doi=10.1177/006996671204600303 |issn=0069-9659|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}}

According to the [[Census in British India|1931 census]] of [[British Raj|British India]], which was the last census to systematically count caste, the Gurjar population in the [[Punjab]] region was 6,96,442. Breaking down the population by religion, ''[[Muslim Gurjars]] made up about 75% (5,21,347), [[Hindu Gurjars]] accounted for around 24.5% (1,70,439), and Sikh Gurjars totalled about 0.5% (4,446)''.<ref name=": British" />{{Reference page|page=685}}

In Punjab, they are part of the larger Punjabi community, holding a similar social standing to [[Rajput]]s, [[Jats]], and other [[Punjabis|Punjabi communities]], with no inherent hierarchy placing one above the others.{{efn-lr|Social status of Gurjars in Punjab, Pakistan is equal to all other [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi communities]] in the area.<ref name=":Minocha" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tariq |first=Shahnaz |url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical-10_v14_no2_13.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjgjJqBgcSTAxVr3QIHHTnQBd0QFnoECB0QAQ&usg=AOvVaw1UYJl5hltvv29cTCbt4KVx |title=Impacts of Biradarism on the Politics of Punjab: A Case Study of District Khanewal |last2=Muhammad |first2=Alamgir |date=2013 |publisher=[[University of Punjab]], Pakistan|journal=Journal of Pakistan Vision|issue=02|volume=14|pages=183|via=Pu.edu.pk}}</ref><ref name=":Moghal">{{Cite book |last=Moghal |first=Dominic |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Human_Person_in_Punjabi_Society/Ae1tAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Human Person in Punjabi Society: A Tension Between Religion and Culture |date=1997 |publisher=Christian Study Centre |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref>}}

==Etymology and origin==
===Etymology===
The word Gurjar is derived from two [[Sanskrit]] words: Gur (meaning enemy) and Jar (meaning destroyer). The phrase's literal meaning is "enemy destroyer".<ref name=":Pandhe">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bonded_Labour_in_India/oLAEAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Bonded Labour in India |date=1976 |publisher=India Book Exchange, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]: [exclusive distributors, K. P. Bagchi] |pages=35 |language=en |quote=The Gujjars take their name from the Sanskrit (word) Gurjara’. In the course of their migration from Northern India into Central and Western India they gave their name to several places (e.g. Gujristan in Afghanistan, Gujranwala in the Rehna Doab, Gujarat in the Chaj Doab and Gujarkhan in the Sindh Sagar Doab and the name of Gujarat State).}}</ref>

===Origin===
Historian [[Upendra Thakur]] has stated that the Gurjars of the [[Punjab]] region ethnically belong to the [[Aryan race]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thakur |first=Upendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLgBAAAAMAAJ |title=Some Aspects of Ancient Indian History and Culture |date=1974 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-0-88386-289-6 |pages=80 |language=en |quote=The Gujars of the Punjab are unquestionably Aryan by race.}}</ref>

According to historian [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]], Gurjars came to Pakistan and [[Punjab]] along with [[Huna people|Huns]] (Hunas) from [[Central Asia]], and some ruling families of [[Gurjar]]s used to call themselves as Kushan-Gurjars during their rule.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dani |first=Ahmad Hasan |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/New_Light_on_Central_Asia/endpAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=New Light on Central Asia |date=1993 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-0294-7 |pages=36–37 |language=en}}</ref> He also notes that Gurjars' culture in [[Pakistan]] reflects the historical connection between Pakistan and Central Asia, shaped by migrations like those of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]] and Huns.<ref name=":1" />

Some historians believe the term 'Gujjar' is linked to word 'Gusar' mentioned in the coins of the Kushan kings, and Kalputra, meaning an individual born into a respected or noble family. The Kushan clan of Gujjars found in Pakistan and [[India]] is also linked to this historical context.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Dr Humaira |last2=Batoo |first2=Qudsia |last3=Khan |first3=Dr Mumtaz Ali |last4=Alam |first4=Imraan |date=July 2020 |title=The Role of Biradarism in Punjab Politics: A Case Study of Sialkot |url=https://www.prdb.pk/front/the-role-of-biradarism-in-punjab-politics-a-case-study-of-s-8060 |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |language=en |publisher=[[University of Punjab]], Pakistan |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=84 |quote=The other linked them to the word „Gusar‟ (Gujjar) which is also referred to the Kushan king and „Kulputra‟ which means “Man or Woman born in a high family”. (Kushan) Kashan was a Gotra (part) of Gujjars, who are living in Pakistan and India.}}</ref>

Historian [[Richard V. Weekes]], said that, Gurjars made their homes in [[Punjab]], [[Kashmir]], and parts of northwestern India. Places likes [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]] and [[Gujrat Division|Gujarat]], now located in [[Punjab, Pakistan]], still carry names that reflect the Gurjars's early presence in these regions, serving as evidence of their historical settlements.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weekes |first=Richard V. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Muslim_Peoples_Acehnese/-lZIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Muslim Peoples: Acehnese |date=1984 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-24639-5 |edition=2nd |volume=2 |pages=298 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
According to legends original name of the [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]] was [[Udanagari]]. The old town of Udanagari was built in 7th century by a Gurjar king named ''Ali Khan or Ala Khana'', ruler of the [[Taank Kingdom|Taank kingdom]] in the [[Central Punjab]] region of present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. Between 863- 901 AD, [[Harsha of Kashmir|Shanker Verman]] (ruler of [[Lohara dynasty]]) attacked the Taank kingdom and destroyed the old town of Gujrat. The city was again ravaged in 1303 AD, a year known for the [[Mongol invasions of India|Mangol Invasion]] under the rule of sultan [[Alauddin Khalji|Alauddin Khilji]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ganie |first=Younus Yousuf |last2=Yawar Yousuf |first2=Ganie |date=2024 |title=A STUDY OF PUNJAB UNDER SULTANATE RULE |url=https://journal.sijss.com/index.php/home/article/download/1556/206/6134 |journal=South India Journal of Social Sciences (SIJSS) |volume=22 |issue=04 |pages=168 |issn=3048-6165}}</ref>

Some accounts suggest that the town of Gujrat was rebuilt by Gurjar rulers during the reign of Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] in the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shashi |first=Shyam Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=ZiVjAAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=en |title=Himachal: Nature's Peaceful Paradise |date=1971 |publisher=Indian School Supply Depot |pages=102 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Contemporary_Social_Sciences/9s8cAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Contemporary Social Sciences: Volumes 7-10 |date=1975 |publisher=Research Foundation |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref>

Scholar [[David H. Turner]] notes that around 100 B.C, Gurjar tribes formed the "''Gujara Kingdom''" in [[north India]], blending in with the local [[Culture of India|Indian cultures]]. Over time, the kingdom weakened and eventually broke apart in the 14th century due to invasions by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and [[Afghans]]. As a result, the Gurjars migrated to areas like [[Jammu division|Jammu]], forest areas of Punjab, and the [[Himalayas|Himaylayas]] foothills in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=David H. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Genesis_Regained/W5_XAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Genesis Regained: Aboriginal Forms of Renunciation in Judeo-Christian Scriptures and Other Major Traditions |date=1999 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-4404-8 |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref>

===Dynasties/states===
====Taank kingdom====
[[File:Taank kingdom, 700 AD.jpg|thumb|center|Taank Kingdom]]
Punjab region was a battleground for many notable dynasties in the 9th century. The [[Pratihara dynasty|Gurjar-Pratihars]] of Kanauj, Gurjar king Ala-Khana of [[Taank Kingdom]], Laliya Shahi ([[Hindu Shahis]]), [[Utpala dynasty]], and the [[Turk Shahis]] we're all fighting for the control of Punjab. In the 9th century, Ala-khana or Alkhana was a Gurjar king of [[Taank Kingdom]] in the [[Gandhara]] region, in present-day [[Central Punjab]], Pakistan. His territory was known as [[Takkadesa|Takadesa]] (Takka territory). He teamed up with Hindu Shahid to fight against [[Arab invasion of India|Arabs]], but they couldn't stop the Kashmiri ruler of Utpala dynasty [[Harsha of Kashmir|(Harsha) Shankar Varman]] from taking over Takadesa. Shankar Varman wanted to conquer Takadesa, so he defeated Alkhana Gurjar and took Takka territory. The area is also mentioned as Takadesa or Takkavisya in [[Kalhana|Kalhana's]] Rajtarangani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Amit |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Varaha/UJxyEQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Varaha: Hunnic Migration to Hind (Defenders of Bharat Lost in History) |date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-93-6853-345-0 |pages=131 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jan |first=Changez |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M491EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA934&dq=Gujar+king+of+Punjab&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwionImjg8-TAxVX8LsIHSxlDT8Q6wF6BAgIEAU#v=onepage&q=Gujar%20king%20of%20Punjab&f=false |title=Forgotten Kings: The Story of the Hindu Sahi Dynasty |date=2022-07-18 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-93-92099-01-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aziz |first=Khursheed Kamal |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Rahmat_Ali/jB5uAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Rahmat Ali: A Biography |date=1987 |publisher=Franz Steiner |isbn=978-3-515-05051-7 |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TK1veW1-76MC&q=Gujar+culture+Punjab&dq=Gujar+culture+Punjab&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvwe_TkuOTAxXNV6QEHdgOFnk4ChDrAXoECAkQBQ#Gujar%20culture%20Punjab |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika |date=1939 |publisher=Gujarat Research Society |pages=17 |language=en |quote=This powerful Gujar Kingdom in the Punjab had acquired sufficient importance in the ninth century to be mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini as an important conquest by Sankaravarma of Kashmir, The hordes of Guiars, Huns and other allied tribes.}}</ref>

Historian [[Sukhvir Singh Gahlot]], notes that In the 9th century, [[north India]] was under the control of Gurjar rulers. He states that a king named Alakhana from the Gurjar community ruled over much of the Punjab, Pakistan, specially from Takkada (Takadesa) near the [[Indus River]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gahlot |first=Sukhvir Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Rajasthan/DuAtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Castes and Tribes of Rajasthan |last2=Dhar |first2=Banshi |date=1989 |publisher=Jain Brothers |isbn=978-81-85287-00-3 |pages=114–115 |language=en |quote=In the 9th century, practically whole of Northern India was in the hands of the Gujars. Takkada-the land between the Vyas on the East and the Indus on the west-i.e., nearly the whole of the Punjab was under the sway of the Gujar King Ala-Khana.}}</ref>

''Alkhana, the Gurjar ruler of the [[Taank kingdom]], is mentioned in the kalhana's [[Rajatarangini|Rajatarangani]]'' as follows:
{{Cquote|He dug up in battle the fortune of [[Alakhana]], the king of the Gurjaras, which was firmly rooted, in an instant and planted prolonged misery. 149
By ceding to him with humility the territory of [[Taank Kingdom|Takka]], the ruler of the Gurjaras, like one’s own body at the cost of the finger, saved his realm. 150
|author = [[Ranjit Sitaram Pandit]]
|source = ''[[Rajatarangini]]: The Saga of the Kings of Kásmīr''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalhaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Rajatarangini.html?id=pXBDyAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kásmīr |last2=Pandit |first2=Ranjit Sitaram |last3=Nehru |first3=Jawaharlal |date=1935 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=198 |language=en |quote=He dug up in battle the fortune of Alakhana, the king of the Gurjaras, which was firmly rooted, in an instant and planted prolonged misery. 149 By ceding to him with humility the territory of Takka, the ruler of the Gurjaras, like one’s own body at the cost of the finger, saved his realm. 150}}</ref>}}

====Nawabs of Gujrat====
During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857]] unrest, Sultan Ali, a Gujjar leader of the Kalas clan in [[Ajnala, Pakistan|Ajnala]], Gujrat, kept his area safe from looters.<ref name=":Chima" /> The [[British Raj|British government]] rewarded him with land and the title of [[Safed Posh]] for his bravery. His son, Fazal-e-Ali, continued doing good work by building schools, hospitals, and banks.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Gulshan Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mI9PAQAAMAAJ |title=Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab |date=1940 |pages=188–189|publisher=Government Printing |volume=2 |language=en}}</ref> People loved and respected him so much that the [[British Raj|British government]] gave him the title of [[Nawab]].<ref name=":Chima"/><ref name=":Rahi2">{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=606–607 |language=en}}</ref> He was popularly known as [[Syed Ahmad Khan|Sir Syed]] of the Punjab region.<ref name=":Chima">{{Cite journal |last=Nimra Nisar |first=Chima |date=January 2025 |title=Role of Muslim Collaborators in Socio-Economic Transformation of Gujrat District of Punjab Under the British Rule (1849-1947) |url=https://ojs.jdss.org.pk/journal/article/view/1351 |journal=Journal of Development and Social Sciences (JDSS) |publisher=[[University of Gujrat]], Punjab, Pakistan |volume=6 |issue=01 |pages=618–619}}</ref> Nawab Fazal Ali had two sons Nawab Mehdi Ali and Nawab Asghar Ali. Nawab Mehdi Ali died in 1958. Nawab Asghar Ali held several positions, including chairman of the District Board and Central Co-operative Bank. He also contributes to education by developing [[Zamindara High school]] into a [[Undergraduate education|degree college]].<ref name=":Rahi2" /><ref name=":Chima"/>

====Chiefs of Jhelum====
In the 17th century in Punjab, [[Muslim Gurjars|Gurjars]] cleared the Chahal forest areas and established some settlements. Two Gurjar brothers of [[Poswal]] clan names Akbar and Shakar, arrived in [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]] from the [[Jhelum]] area and founded two villages, Akbarpur and Shakarpur. Queen [[Sada Kaur]] wife of [[Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya]] merged these villages naming combined area "Kala", a term used in early [[Punjabi language]] to describe a large settlement.<ref name=":Jlm">{{Cite book |last=زار |first=محمدالدین |title=تذکرہ جہلم از |date=1984 |publisher=اسلام پور پبلشر |pages=87–88 |trans-title=Bibliography of Jhelum}}</ref> In Later years, Suleman Poswal, a Gurjar from the same family, established his power in the areas of "Kala" in present-day Gujrat and Jhelum cities. Suleman Poswal had seven sons: Jalal, Jamal, Handhal, Mubarak, Essa, Musa, and Habib.<ref name=":Jlm" /><ref name=":Chohan">{{Cite book |last= چوہان حسن|first= رانا علی |title= تاریخ گرجر |publisher=اردو بازار کی اشاعت |publication-date=1960 |pages=349–50 |language=Urdu |trans-title=History of Gurjars}}</ref>

According to scholar Mehakraj, Suleman Poswal Gurjar was a brave ruler of the [[Kala Gujran]] area, and he fought against the Gakhars of [[Jhelum]] and [[Janjua]]s for a long period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=سلطان شہباز |first=از انجم |title=اقوام پنجاب |publisher=اردو بازار کی اشاعت |publication-date=2006 |pages=67–566 |language=Urdu |trans-title=Tribes of Punjab (Nations of Punjab)}}</ref> He ruled Kala Gujran, and areas near the [[Rohtas Fort]] were also under his control. It's said that when [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] came to Punjab, one of Suleman Poswal 's elders, Abdul Rahim Poswal and Raja [[Himat Khan Gakhar]] attended Abdali's court. He was by their influence in their areas and he appointed Abdul Rahim and Himat Khan as his servants, assigning them some duties in Punjab.<ref name=":Jlm" /><ref name=":Chohan" />

====Nawab of Dera Ghazi Khan====
In the 18th century, Mahmud Khan Gujjar (or Mehmood) served as the [[de facto]] ruler and governor of the [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]] from around 1738 to 1772. He was the son of Yusuf Khan. Previously he served as a grand wazir under [[Mirani (tribe)|Mirranis]].<ref name=":Gilmartin">{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |pages=36–37 & 48 |language=en}}</ref> He teamed up with the [[Durrani Empire|Durranis]] to overthrow Mirranis and then initiated a project to build and restore canals in D.G Khan.<ref name=":Gilmartin" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pakistan (Pakistan) |first=West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xErAAAAMAAJ |title=West Pakistan District Gazetteers, Volume "A" Compiled |date=1968 |publisher=Printed at the West Pakistan Government Press |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":Gaze">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAVDAAAAYAAJ |title=Extracts from the District & States Gazetteers of the Punjab, Pakistan |date=1976 |publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab |pages=193 & 240 |language=en}}</ref> [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Government]] [[Gazetteer]] credit him with founding the settlement of [[Mahmud Kot]] and initiating canal works in the region.<ref name=":Gaze"/>

===Mughal period===
It is believed that Gurjars in the [[Sutlej]], [[Beas River|Beas]], and Kandi regions of Indian Punjab came from Delhi during the Mughal rule in India, when [[Delhi]] was part of the Punjab region.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Grover |first=Neelam |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cultural_Geography_Form_and_Process/UO0M5P9h_qgC?hl=en |title=Cultural Geography, Form and Process: Essays in Honour of Prof. A.B. Mukerji |last2=Singh |first2=Kashi N. |date=2004 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-074-7 |pages=97–98 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1519, [[Babur|Babar Mughal]], during his Punjab campaign, captured [[Bhera]] and the next year (1520) he invaded again, taking control of the territory up to [[Sialkot]]. He also forced the [[Gakhars]] and Gurjars to submission.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta H. R. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.16471 |title=History Of The Punjab |date=1969 |publisher=U.c. Kapur and Sons, Kashmere Gate, Delhi |pages=19}}</ref>

According to some historical accounts, when first [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Babur]] invaded [[India]] in 1525, he found that the Gurjars of Punjab, especially in the northern parts, had already embraced [[Islam]] religion. The conversion of Gurjars to Islam in Punjab region continued until the 1700s, during the reign of the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]], suggesting a prolonged period of religious transitions in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vishav |first=Jyoti |date=2012 |title=Pastoral Life of Muslim Gujjars: A Study of Life of Gujjar in Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India|url=https://www.ijaresm.com/pastoral-life-of-muslim-gujjars-a-study-of-life-of-gujjars-in-mandi-district-himachal-pradesh-india |journal= |publisher=Govt. Degree College : Darlaghat, [[Solan district]], Himachal Pradesh}}</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South Asia by David Levinson· (1991) p.89</ref>

Babur's own account in the [[Baburnama|Babarnama]] of 1525, highlights the challenges he faced in Punjab. He noted that the Gurjars and [[Jats]] continued to resist even after he captured [[Sialkot District|Sialkot district]], targeting people affiliated with his camp. According to Babur, these groups would attack and loot travelers including the vulnerable, as they moved towards his camp. He wrote:
{{Cquote
| quote = "''The [[Jat Muslims|Jats]] and [[Muslim Gurjars|Gujjars]] come in huge numbers from the hills and plains to steal cattle. They attacked poor people leaving [[Sialkot]] for our camp and took everything they had''."
| author = [[Babur]]
| source = <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Aitzaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSauCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&dq=Babar+about+Punjab+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP1aqB_sGTAxVE-AIHHUaZBdcQ6wF6BAgJEAU#v=onepage&q=Babar%20about%20Punjab%20Gujjars&f=false |title=The Indus Saga |date=2005-08-01 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-073-9 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

In 1526, [[Babur]] arrived in [[Lahore District|Lahore]] and then headed towards Delhi in Punjab region. Although he faced significant challenges, including [[Ibrahim Khan Lodi]]'s large army of 1,000 elephant and 100,000 soldiers, Babur's focus remained on reaching Delhi. Meanwhile, he received news of [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] attacks on [[Kabul]] and other rebellions in his Afghan territories. Additionally, his army was constantly harassed by ''"Gurjars of the Punjab" region''. Babur prioritized his Delhi campaign, deciding not to Get sidetracked these problems right away, since he knew it would ruin his whole plan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakravarthy |first=Pradeep |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dCyWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT55&dq=Babar+about+Punjab+Gujjars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjw9MvL-cGTAxX_QEEAHXb5CF4Q6wF6BAgKEAU#v=onepage&q=Babar%20about%20Punjab%20Gujjars&f=false |title=Leadership Shastras: Lessons from Indian History |date=2022-10-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-765-2 |language=en}}</ref>

A [[Mughal Empire|Mughal-era]] historian, [[Abul Fazl]], writes that Gurjars lived along the route through Sialkot (now Sialkot district of [[Punjab, Pakistan]]). Records from that era also show people in [[Bhimber District|Bhimber]] and [[Sialkot District|Sialkot districts]] complained about the Gurjars in these areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Magray |first=Mohammed Bashir |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tribal_Geography_of_India_Jammu_and_Kash/EyFuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Tribal Geography of India Jammu and Kashmir |date=2003 |publisher=Oberoi Book Service |pages=52 |language=en |quote=The Mughal historian Abul Fazal mentions the presence of Gujjars along this route across Sialkote. Contemporary historical record also mentions many complaints made by the inhabitants of Bimber and Sialkote districts against the Gujjars.}}</ref>

====Conflict with Sikh gurus====
[[File:Photograph of a painting depicting the Siege or Battle of Anandpur (1704–1705), circa early 20th century.jpg|thumb|Painting depicting the Siege or Battle of Anandpur (1704–1705) in Punjab region under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal era]].]]
In the 17th and 18th centuries, the [[Muslim Gurjars]] of [[East Punjab|eastern Punjab]], along with the [[Ranghar|Ranghar Rajputs]], were involved in a major conflict with the [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Gurus]]. They formed alliances with the hill chiefs of the [[Hill States of India|Hill States]] in northern Punjab and the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal army]]. The Gurjars were led by a prominent leader named [[Azmatullah Gujjar|Azmatullah]] in this conflict. During the emergences of [[Sikhism]] in the Punjab region, there were Muslim Gurjars and [[Ranghar]]s who often clashed with Sikh nobles. In the 17th century [[Ajmer Chand]], the ruler of the [[Bilaspur state]], got Gurjars and Rangars to join his army to fight against the Sikhs. These groups were Muslim by faith and loved in villages near present-day [[Anandpur Sahib]] in Punjab, India in his territory. They were organized into various clans, each with a leader, and had a history of causing trouble and robbing [[Sikhs]] traveling to Anandpur area. Ajmer Chand likely appealed to their communal feelings and tendency to cause trouble to get them to work together again the Sikhs.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Historian_s_Approach_to_Guru_Gobind_Si/LbvXAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh |date=2004 |publisher=Singh Bros. |isbn=978-81-7205-306-2 |pages=257–266 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Sikh_Gurus_Retold_1606_1708_C/vZFBp89UInUC?hl=en |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0858-5 |pages=820–823 |language=en}}</ref>

Thereafter, the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal troops]] returned to [[Sirhind]] with unsure satisfaction of achieving although at a great cost, the limited objective of expelling the [[Khalsa]] from the territory of [[Ajmer Chand]] on the Eastern side of the [[Sutlej|River Sutlej]]. The Hill Rajas also withdrew to their respective states. Once [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and his family put up at the residence of the Raja while beautiful canopies were pitched in the suburb of the town for accommodating the Khalsa soldiers. The Guru stayed at Basoli for some days, resting and enjoying hunting and other sports. Soon, the Guru took initiative against Ajmer Chand leading incursions into his territory on the North of River Sutlej. He reached towards Anandpur. Later Guru Gobind Singh and his family stayed at the Raja's place, while fancy tents were set up outside the town for the Khalsa soldiers. The Gobind hung out in Basoli for a bit, chilling and doing some hunting and stuff. Before long, he started raiding Ajmer Chand's territory north of the Sutlej River.<ref name=":3" />

Something else happened in Bajraur village of Anandpur that's important to Sikh history. Some Gurjars and Ranghars from Bajraur attacked a group of Sikhs heading to Anandpur Sahib in 1701, stealing all their stuff. The Sikhs with nothing and told Guru Gobind Singh what happened.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh (Major.) |first=Gurmukh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Sikh_Shrines/6n7XAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Historical Sikh Shrines |date=1995 |publisher=Singh Bros. |isbn=978-81-7205-151-8 |pages=145 |language=en}}</ref> Gobind Singh slowly made his way to Anandpur. At that time Gurjars and [[Ranghar]]s from [[Kamlot]] village attacked the village.<ref name=":4" /> [[Bhai Jiwan Singh|Jiwan Singh]] a notable Sikh general, died in the fight. Since [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]] had left for [[Sirhind]], Amjeer Chand thought he'd gotten rid of the Guru, But Gobind Singh returned to Anandpur, succeed in repairing damage, and restored the Anandpur's status as the headquarter of the [[Khalsa Fauj|Khalsa]].<ref name=":3" /> The [[Hill States of India|Hill chiefs]] had to retreat, but the hill chiefs were still dead set on kicking the Guru out. They got ready for war, roped in the Gurjars and Rangars, and asked the Mughals for help. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] had been keeping and eye on the Sikhs and they directly got involved in the war.<ref name=":3" />

===Contributions for Punjabi literature===
{{Main|Punjabi literature}}
[[Muslim Gurjars|Gurjar]] personalities of [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslim Punjabi]] identity play an important role in the development of [[Punjabi literature]].

[[Afarin Lahori]] (full name Faqirullah Afarin Lahori) was a 17th-century Punjabi poet from Lahore, born around 1660 and died in 1741. He's famous for his poem "Nāz - o - niaz or Hir-o-ranjha Ranjha, which tells the story of Heer and Ranjha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kia |first=Mana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gufeDwAAQBAJ&q=Faqirullah+ |title=Persianate Selves: Memories of Place and Origin Before Nationalism |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-5036-1196-2 |language=en}}</ref> He mostly wrote in Punjabi and one book in Persian. He is respected in Punjab, [[Azad Kashmir]] and Hazara for his work for his contributions for Punjabi literature. He was born 1660 in [[Lahore]], Punjab during the [[Mughal Empire]], into the Juiya clan of Punjabi Muslim Gurjar family.<ref>{{Encyclopædia Iranica|last1= Ahmad |first1=Z. |last2=Kirmani| first2=W. | volume = 1 | fascicle = 5 | title = Āfarīn Lāhūrī |author-link = | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/afarin-lahuri-shah-faqirallah-panjabi-persian-poet-b | pages = }}</ref>

[[Ahmad Shah Gujjar]] was a 17th century Punjabi poet. He's known writing a version of the [[Heer Ranjha]] story offering a unique twist on the tale. "Here Ahonad", was popular among later Muslim poets, including [[Waris Shah]], who wrote his famous version about 30 years later.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Sujit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC |title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|publisher=Orient Longman |year=1998 |pages= 8 |isbn=9788125014539 |language=en}}</ref> Ahmad Gujjar was the first Muslim writer to create a poetic version of this story. He was born in a Punjabi speaking Gurjar family in 1617 AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah Hashmi |first=Hameed Ula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0M2AAAAMAAJ |title= Punjabi Adhab di Tareekh |date=1992 |publisher= Taaj Book Deepu |pages= 115 |language=UR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Abdushshakur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnscAAAAMAAJ |title= پاکستانى ادب |publisher=اداره تحقيقات پاکستان، دانشگاه پنجاب، |year=1981 |pages=209 |isbn=978-969-425-034-2 |language=Urdu |trans-title=Pakistani literature}}</ref>

[[File:Maulvi sbMaulvi Ghulam Rasool Alampuri.jpg|thumb|Ghulam Rasool Alampuri [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] poet.]]
[[Ghulam Rasool Alampuri]] was a 19th-century Punjabi poet. He was born on January 29, 1849, and passed away on 7 March 1892. He's known for his notable works like "Dastan-i Amir Hamza" and Ahsan al-qasas", which showcase his spiritual and literary contributions in Punjabi. He was born in Alampur village in [[Hoshiarpur district]] of Punjab, India in a Punjabi speaking family of Muslim Gurjars.<ref>{{EI3|last= Shackle|first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Shackle|year=2013|title=Ghulām Rasūl|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24431|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24431}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ahmed, Sahibzada Masud |title=Introduction of the saint and poet Maulvi Ghulam Rasool Alampuri|url=http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/sahibzada-masud-1/|work=Academy of the Punjab in North America|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=1 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601194840/http://apnaorg.com/articles/sahibzada-masud-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Mian Muhammad Bakhsh A Trip that was long overdue (5991560926).jpg|thumb|[[Shrine]] of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh in Khari Sharif, [[Azad Kashmir]].]]
[[Mian Muhammad Bakhsh]] was a 19th-century Punjabi Gujjar Sufi poet from Khari Sharif, Azad Kashmir. He wrote total 18 books, including Saif-ul-Maluk and Mirza Sahiban, mostly in Punjabi, with one Book in [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Geeti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfukTDZTBNMC&dq=saif+ul+malook+punjabi+poet&pg=PA135 |title=Crossing Boundaries |date=1997 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1341-9 |pages=135 |language=en |quote=The decades and centuries after Bulleh Shah's death in 1758 saw a number of well - known Punjabi mystic and secular poets . These included Mian Mohammed Baksh, author of Safrul Ishq, popularly known as Saiful Malook...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nation.com.pk/30-Aug-2017/mian-muhammad-bakhsh-a-great-punjabi-sufi-poet |title=Mian Muhammad Bakhsh – A great Punjabi Sufi Poet |website=nation.com.pk |access-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322044412/https://nation.com.pk/30-Aug-2017/mian-muhammad-bakhsh-a-great-punjabi-sufi-poet |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was born around 1830 in Khari Sharif, a place in what is now [[Azad Kashmir]], Pakistan. He belonged to a Punjabi Muslim Gurjar family of the [[Poswal]] clan, originally from [[Gujrat District|Gujrat district]] of Punjab, Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jahangir|first=Emperor of Hindustan|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/sil.849796.39088018028456|title=The Jahangirnama memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|date=1999|publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution|doi=10.5479/sil.849796.39088018028456}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-30 |title=Mian Muhammad Bakhsh – A great Punjabi Sufi Poet |url=https://nation.com.pk/30-Aug-2017/mian-muhammad-bakhsh-a-great-punjabi-sufi-poet |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=The Nation |language=en |quote=Mian Sahib’s great grandfather belonged to a clan Paswal ([[Poswal]]) Gujjar. He came to Khari Sharif from village Chak-Behram of Gujrat, Punjab. Gujrat is an adjoining district to Mirpur, Kashmir.}}</ref>

===British period===
According to [[William Crooke]], Gujjars are an important agricultural and pastoral tribe. They are found in many areas including: [[Gujar Khan|Gujjar Khan]], [[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]] and [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]], which are named after Gujjar ethnic community. They are also found in areas like [[Rawalpindi division|Rawalpindi]] and [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] where they mainly work as farmers.<ref name=": British">{{Cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Rafaqat |last2=Idris |first2=Mohammad |date=2024 |title=Socio-Cultural and Economic Conditions of the Gujjar Community in the Punjab (1849-1947 CE) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27438475 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=83 |pages= |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=691}}

Several [[British Raj|British-colonial era]] writers praise the Gujjars for their farming skills and good behavior. [[David Thomson (writer)|David Thomson]] says the Gujjars in [[Jhelum District]] are skilled farmers. [[Carolyn Steedman|Carolyn Stedman]] describes the Gujjars in [[Rawalpindi district]] as excellent as cultivating. In [[Hoshiarpur district]] of Punjab, India Gujjars are known for being peaceful and well-behaved.<ref name=": British" />{{Reference page|page=692}}

In 1857, Gurjars took arms against the [[British Raj|Britishers]] in Punjab and the United province; the chaos gave locals a chance to loot business areas. The British government's presence vanished instantly. Apparently, the [[Muslims|Muslim]] Gurjars and [[Ranghar]]s put the Muslim green flags, and all sorts of troublemakers gathered around them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boparai |first=Hari Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revolt_of_1857_in_Punjab_and_Role_of_the/pm4wAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Revolt of 1857 in Punjab and Role of the Sikhs |date=2000 |publisher=Gain Sagar Publications |isbn=978-81-7685-083-4 |pages=60–68 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1900, the British administrators in Punjab region introduced the "[[Punjab Alienation of Land Act]]", labeling certain groups as [[Agriculturist|agricultural communities]]. This act created 'statutory casteism' by designating specific castes as castes as '[[zamindar]] or agricultural tribes', effectively making Zamindar' synonymous with members of these agricultural castes.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Chowdhry |first=Prem |date=2013 |title=Militarized Masculinities: Shaped and Reshaped in Colonial South-East Punjab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24494165 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=719 |issn=0026-749X}}</ref> The goal was to protect Punjab's peasantry, who were heavily indebted and losing land to moneylenders, mainly from non-cultivating trading classes. This was crucial since these peasants were key recruits for the [[British Army|British army]] and their instability could threaten [[British Raj]]. In the region of Punjab, the agricultural communities were identified as [[Muslim Gurjars|Gurjar]], [[Rajput]], [[Jats|Jat]], [[Sayyid|Sayed]], Moghal, [[Ahir]] and some other communities of Punjab. In later years, Taga, Arain, Ahir, Saini, [[Chauhan (surname)|Chauhan]], [[Gaur Brahmins|Gaud Brahman]], and [[Qureshi]] were also included, distinguishing them from non-agriculturist groups like [[Brahman]], [[Khatri]]s, [[Bania (caste)|Banians]], and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] groups.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhupinder |first=Singh |date=23 February 2024 |title=Agrarian transformations in British India: A case study of colonial Punjab |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2024.2318875 |journal=Altmetric Articles |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=322–336 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2024.2318875|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[File:Rajputana infantry aclovett.jpg|thumb|center|A depiction of three Gurjar subadar-major amongst other [[British Army|British Indian Army]] troops. (Left to right 1. "Gurjar of Punjab", 113th Punjab Infantry, 2. Gurjar of [[Gujarat]] , [[104th Wellesley's Rifles]], Gurjar of [[Jaipur]], 119th Infantry (119th Infantry ([[119th Infantry (The Mooltan Regiment)|Multan regiment]]), 4. other British subedar-major from [[Rajasthan]].)]]
[[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant-colonel]] [[J.M. Wikeley]], a recruiting officer for Punjabi Muslims, In 1915, wrote a handbook on the '[[martial race]]' of [[Punjabi Muslims]]. He said term "Punjabi Musalman" refers to [[Muslims|Muslim communities]] in a specific area of Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|West Frontier Province]], bounded by the Indus and Sutlej rivers, and south of the [[Himalayas|Himaylayas]]. This region includes [[Hazara District|Hazara district]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi district]], and parts of [[Jammu division|Jammu]] and [[History of Poonch district|Poonch]] in [[Kashmir]]. It's a label used for [[British Armed Forces|British military]] recruitment, not an ethnic classification. ''These communities can be grouped into total four classes: Rajput, Jat, Gurjars , and other foreign tribes''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |date=2013 |title=Race and Recruitment in the Indian Army: 1880– 1918 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24494199 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=1325 |issn=0026-749X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farooqui |first=Amar |date=2015 |title='Divide and Rule'? Race, Military Recruitment and Society in Late Nineteenth Century Colonial India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24372935 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=43 |issue=3/4 |pages=56 |issn=0970-0293}}</ref>

Lieutenant [[Colonel McMunn]] describes Gurjars, Jats, and [[Ahir]]s as distinct [[Hindus|Hindu communities]] found in south-east Punjab, nearby Rajasthan, and western [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]] ([[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]). He notes that Gurjars tend to be sturdy and are swarthier than Jats and Ahirs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=A. Hyatt |date=December 1950 |title=A PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF INDIAN SOLDIERS IN THE ARAKAN* |url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1950.tb00379.x |journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3-4 |pages=159 |doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1950.tb00379.x |issn=0007-1129|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In the 1920s the [[Shuddhi (Hinduism)|Shuddhi movement]] by [[Arya Samaj]] in the Punjab region focused on purifying higher-caste converts like Muslim Gurjars, [[Jat Muslim|Muslim Jats]], and [[Muslim Rajputs]], aiming to reintegrate them into their original [[Hindus|Hindu community]]. Many of these converts still practiced [[Samskara (rite of passage)|Hindu traditions]], making reintegration seems feasible. However, despite [[Ritual purification|purification rituals]], they faced rejection from their original [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste]] biradari, leading to humiliation. This rejection contributed to the movements failure and hundred attitudes among converted communities, pushing some back to [[Islam]] religion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chowdhry |first=Prem |date=1996 |title=Contours of Communalism: Religion, Caste and Identity in South-East Punjab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3517794 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=24 |issue=4/6 |pages=146 |doi=10.2307/3517794 |issn=0970-0293|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In the [[British Raj|British colonial era]], the Gujjar community was divided into various [[clan]]s that played an important role in their social organization. British administrator [[Denzil Ibbetson]], in his work "Castes of Punjab", notes a total of nineteen notable clans of Gujjars in [[British Punjab]]. These clans include: ''Tanwar, Chokhar, Rawal, Kalsian, Khatana, Kasana, Kalas, Gorsi, Chechi, Dhodar, Poswal, Lawi, Bijar, Khaindar, Melu, Thakaria, Chauhan, Monana, and Bhumls''. According to [[Horace Arthur Rose]], Chechi and Kasana were the major clans of Gujjars in the region of British Punjab.<ref name=": British" />{{Reference page|page=686}}

[[File:Choudhry Rehmat Ali (seated first from left) with Muhammad Iqbal (center), Khawaja Abdul Rahim (right) and a group of other young activists during Iqbal visit to England in 1932..jpg|thumb|Choudhry Rehmat Ali (seated first from left) with Muhammad Iqbal (center), Khawaja Abdul Rahim (right) and a group of other young activists during Iqbal visit to England in 1932]]
In 1930s, [[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]], a Punjabi Gurjar was a key figure in the independence movement of Pakistan, he credited with coining the term "Pakistan" for a separate Muslim country in British India. He was born in [[Balachaur]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpure district]], Punjab, he pursued education in [[Lahore]] before moving to the Cambridge university. In 1933 he published an influential pamphlet title "Now or Never; Are we to Live or Perish Forever?", referred to as the "[[Pakistan Declaration]] ". This pamphlet was aimed at British and Indian delegates attending the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Third Round Table Conference]] in [[London]]. Initially, his ideas failed to gain traction with politicians and delegates, taking nearly a decade to gain recognition.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Mangat |first=Devinder Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_BRIEF_HISTORY_OF_THE_SIKHS_MULTIDIMENS/ROUfEQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SIKHS (MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIKH STRUGGLES) |date=2023-02-11 |publisher=SLM PUBLISHERS |isbn=978-93-91083-40-3 |pages=520 |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Punjab, Pakistan===
[[File:Punjab Divisions Map.png|thumb|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan]]

In Pakistani Punjab Gurjars scattered across almost all ten divisions including [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]], [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]], [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]], [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]], and [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]].
[[File:Young Gujjar man in traditional Punjabi dress from Gujrat district.png|A Gurjar man in traditional [[Punjabi clothing|Punjabi dress]] from [[Gujrat district]], Punjab, Pakistan.|thumb]]

Gurjars make a majority population or significant population in [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Jhelum |url=https://jhelum.punjab.gov.pk/index.php/the_people |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref> [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Chakwal |url=https://chakwal.punjab.gov.pk/the-people |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref> [[Attock District|Attock]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Attock |url=https://attock.punjab.gov.pk/the_people |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anatol |first=Lieven |date=1 August 2011 |title=The Pakistan Problem: Military Exceptionalism in Pakistan |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00396338.2011.603562 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.tandfonline.com |page=58 |doi=10.1080/00396338.2011.603562 |quote=Gujars landlord caste of Attock. The way in which individual landowners are embedded in landowning clans (such as the Gujjars of Attock, the subject of a classic study by Stephen Lyon) gives them tremendous strength and resilience, and allows them to go on controlling the politics of the countryside, and indeed of the country as a whole.}}</ref> [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Khanewal |url=https://khanewal.punjab.gov.pk/the-people |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref> [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Narowal District|Narowal]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Narowal district |url=https://narowal.punjab.gov.pk/the_people |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref> [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=District Gazetteer of Mandi Bahauddin |url=https://bor.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/gazett%20Mandi%20Bahaudin.pdf |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]}}</ref> [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of Gujrat district |url=https://gujrat.punjab.gov.pk/the_people |website=Government of Punjab, Pakistan}}</ref> and [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]] districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

====Historical population====
Population of Gujjars recorded in different census reports of the [[British Raj|British India]] for present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]].
{{historical populations|15=1911|16=2,01,995|17=1921|18=2,08,078|19=1931|20=2,27,015|percentages=pagr|footnote=source: [[Census in British India|1911 census]]<ref name=":1911 PU">Census Of India 1911 ed.VIII-a Part II p.6</ref> - [[1921 census of India|1921 census]]<ref name=":1921 PU">Census of India 1921 vol.15 Punjab and Delhi pt.2 p.217</ref> - [[1931 census of India|1931 census]]<ref name=":1931 PU">Census of India 1921 vol.17 Punjab pt.2 p.289</ref>|align=right}}

===Punjab, India===
[[File:Distribution of Muslim Gujjars in Indian Punjab.png|thumb |center|Population distribution of Gurjars on Punjab, India.]]
In Indian Punjab Gurjars scattered across almost all five divisions including: [[Jalandhar Division|Jalandhar]], [[Patiala Division|Patiala]], [[Firozepur Division|Firozepur]], Faridkot, and Ropar ([[Rupnagar Division|Rupnagar]]). The permanent settlements of Hindu and Muslim Gurjars' are located in the Beas, Kandi, and Shivalik hills regions of Punjab.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Punjab (India) |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Punjab_District_Gazetteers_Gurdaspur/4ZcKAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Punjab District Gazetteers: Gurdaspur |date=1980 |publisher=Controller of Print. and Stationery |pages=68–69 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10" />

Gurjars population is distributed across various districts, with Muslim Gurjars being predominantly found in Hoshiarpure, Jalandhar, Firozepur, Pathankot, Gurdaspur, and Jalandhar districts. In contrast, Hindu Gurjars are mainly concentrated in Ropar, Hoshiarpure and Nawanshahr districts,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balgir |first=R. S. |date=1992-07-01 |title=Regional and genetic variations among the Hindu Gujjars of Northwestern India |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02447608 |journal=International Journal of Anthropology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=35–41 |doi=10.1007/BF02447608 |issn=1824-3096|doi-access=free }}</ref> whereas [[Sikh Gurjars]] are primarily located in Jalandhar and Ludhiana districts.<ref name=":Manv" />

====Historical population====
Population of Gujjars recorded in different census reports of [[Punjab,India|Indian Punjab]].
{{historical populations|15=1911|16=1,83,144|17=1921|18=202,402|19=1931|20=2,30,474|21=1951|22=2,91,601 |percentages=pagr|footnote=source: [[Census in British India|1911 census]]<ref name=":1911 PU" /> - [[1921 census of India|1921 census]]<ref name=":1921 PU" /> - [[1931 census of India|1931 census]]<ref name=":1931 PU" /> - [[1951 census of India|1951 census]]<ref name=":INDPunj" />|align=right}}

In recent decades some tribal Gujjar families migrated from [[Gurjars in Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Gurjars in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] to Punjab, now they settled in the areas of [[Chabbewal]], [[Chamkaur Sahib]], Garshankar, Hoshiarpure, Ludhiana, [[Machhiwara forest|Manchhiwara]], Ropar, [[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Nawanshahr]], and Pathankot.<ref name=":TBGuj">{{Cite news |date=2018-05-20 |title=Gujjars, Bakarwals leave behind scenic scapes to call Punjab their home |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/gujjars-bakarwals-leave-behind-scenic-scapes-to-call-punjab-their-home/articleshow/64243508.cms |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Now some got settled permanently and obtained voting rights and [[Aadhaar|Adhaar cards]]. But they weren't able to secure special rights like [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST status]] or forest rights that they had in Himachal Pradesh or Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Alpa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kj1nEQAAQBAJ&pg=PT225&dq=Gujjars+of+Ludhiana&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X |title=Ground Down by Growth: Tribe, Caste, Class and Inequality in 21st Century India |last2=Lerche |first2=Jens |last3=Axelby |first3=Richard |last4=Benbabaali |first4=Dalel |last5=Donegan |first5=Brendan |last6=Thakur |first6=Vikramaditya |last7=Raj |first7=Jayaseelan |date=2017-11-20 |publisher=Pluto Books |isbn=978-1-78680-205-7 |language=en}}</ref>

When these Gurjars moved to Punjab plain, they socially were accepted as the part of already existing larger landlord Gurjar community of the area in Punjab, India by the non-Gujar communities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Ranjana |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Development_Displacement_and_Marginalisa/siTk87klLxQC?hl=en |title=Development, Displacement, and Marginalisation |date=2011 |publisher=Asiatic Society |isbn=978-81-920615-1-1 |pages=225 |language=en}}</ref>

==Social status==
Social status of the Gurjars in Punjab, Pakistan is generally equal to all other ethnic groups of the region including, Rajputs and [[Jats]].<ref name=":Minocha">{{Cite book |last=Minocha |first=Aneeta A. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Perceptions_and_Interactions_in_a_Medica.html?id=mPvaAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y#Punjabi%20Gujjar |title=Perceptions and Interactions in a Medical Setting: A Sociological Study of a Women's Hospital |date=1996 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-043-7 |pages=68 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":Moghal" /> In Indian Punjab Gurjars of all religious backgrounds are classified as [[Other Backward Class|other backward classes]] (OBC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=OBC list Punjab, India |url=https://ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/AddChh-2.pdf |website=[[National Commission for Backward Classes]], Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Garg |first=Chhavi |date=27 May 2020 |title=Media usage profile: a study of Gujjar community of India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01296612.2020.1764721 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.tandfonline.com |pages=4 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2020.1764721 |quote=Gujjars are given the status of Scheduled Tribes in states of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh while in some other states including ''Punjab and Haryana, they are given the status of Other Backward Classes''.}}</ref> In 1974, Gurjars in Indian Punjab were given OBC status for a period of 5 years, and then in 1979, this status was made permanent by the [[Government of Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-23 |title=List of Backward classes/other backward classes – Punjab Govt (Gujjar) |url=https://punjabxp.com/list-backward-other-classes/ |access-date=2026-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Demands for ST status===
Tribal Gurjars who have migrated in recent decades from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] are now settled in the northern areas of [[Punjab, India]]. They have demanded [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe status]], but the [[Government of Punjab, India]] hasn't fulfill their demands yet.<ref name=":ST">
{{Cite news |title=Punjab: Nomad Gujjar mothers who never went to school now making their daughters read |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/punjab-nomad-gujjar-mothers-who-never-went-to-school-now-making-their-daughters-read/amp_articleshow/90068176.cms |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2009, the [[Government of Punjab, India]] released a survey report based on 12 communities. Report said eight tribes, including [[Tribe|Tribal Gurjars]] and seven others qualify as [[Scheduled tribes]] (ST) in [[Punjab, India]].<ref name=":ST" />

==Clan system==
Gurjars have a system of [[clan]]s called gotras (tribes), which are passed down through the father's line. They believe these clans connect them to a shared ancestor. The [[gotra]] (clan) a person belongs to determines who they can [[Marriage|marry]].<ref name=":Dorrell">{{Cite journal |last=Dorrell |first=Janet C. |date=2002 |title=Community needs assessment among the Gujjars in Northern India. |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2104/11694 |journal=Journal of Baylor University |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |via=[[Baylor University]], Waco, [[Texas]]}}</ref>{{reference page|page=42}}

Among Punjabi Gurjars, there are Dhai gots (clans), especially Kushan (Kasana), Gorsi, and Barkat (Bargar). Mostly these gots don't have strict rules against marrying within them a Gurjar person can marry someone from the same clan or from the different clan.<ref name=":2" />

===Clans===
*Bajar (Bajjar)<ref name=":Mukerji1">Cultural Geography, Form and Process Essays in Honour of Prof. A.B. Mukerji (2004) p.106</ref>
*Bhumla (Bhoomla)<ref name=":Mukerji1" />
*[[Chechi (clan)|Chechi]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Asghar |first=Joiya |date=2020 |title=GAZETTEER OF THE SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICT |url=https://bor.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Sheikhupura.pdf |website=[[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]] |page=27}}</ref>
*[[Meelu]]
*[[Awana (clan)|Awana]] (Awan)<ref name=":6" />
*Kushan (Kasana)<ref name=":0">Caste, Tribes & Culture of India:Volume 6 By Krishna Prakash Bahadur, Sukhdev Singh Chib (1977). P.21</ref>
*Bhargar<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{cite journal | last=Borne | first=Charlotte S. | title=Occult Powers of Healing in the Panjab | journal=Folklore | volume=21 | issue=3 | date=1910-09-30 | issn=0015-587X | doi=10.1080/0015587X.1910.9719941 | pages=313–334 }}</ref>
*Bhatia <ref>Singh, Nau Nihal (2003). ''The Royal Gurjars: Their Contribution to India. Anmol Publications''. p. 58. {{ISBN|978-81-261-1414-6}}</ref>
*Bhadana<ref name=":6" />
*Baharwal<ref name=":6" />
*Chaprana<ref name=":0" />
*Chhabri<ref name=":Mukerji1" />
*[[Doi (clan)|Doi]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Khatana]]
*Miana<ref name=":8" />
*Karhana<ref name=":0" />
*Sardhana<ref name=":0" />
*Chockar<ref name=":Nijjar" />
*Gorsi<ref name=":6" />
*Lodha<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=43}}
*Rawal<ref name=":Nijjar" />

====District wise====
District wise population of some notable Gurjar clans in undivided region of Punjab.
{|class="wikitable"
|- style="margin-left:1.6em;"
! District<ref name=":Nijjar" >Origins and History of Jats and Other Allied Nomadic Tribes of India: 900 B.C.-1947 A.D. By Bakhshish Singh Nijjar· (2008) pages:225 - 227.</ref>
! clan
! population
! clan
! population
! clan
! population
!clan
! population
!clan
! population
!clan
! population
!clan
! population
|-
! Ludhiana
| Khatana
| 749
| Kushan
| 695
| Kalas
|1,175
|Gorsi
|3,462
|Cherhi
|3,285
|Chockar
|0
|Rawal
|0
|-
! Jalandhar
| Khatana
| 546
| Kushan
| 388
| Kalas
|565
|Gorsi
|1,457
|Chechi
|1,152
|Chockar
|0
|Rawal
|0
|-
! Amritsar
| Khatana
| 153
| Kushan
| 134
| Kalas
|0
|Gorsi
|180
|Chechi
|645
|Chockar
|0
|Rawal
|0
|-
! Gurdaspur
| Tanwar
| 1,140
| Chockar
| 336
| Khatana
|2,750
|Kushan
|1,133
|Kalas
|0
|Gorsi
|17,72
|Chechi
|4,010
|-
! Lahore
| Chockar
| 1
| Rawal
| 13
|Khatana
|445
|Kushan
|82
|Kalas
|0
|Gorsi
|290
|Chechi
|1,020
|-
! Rawalpindi
|Chockar
|280
|Rawal
|0
| Khatana
| 5,646
| Kushan
| 612
| Kalas
|1,318
|Gorsi
|1,232
|Chechi
|3,207
|-
! Jhelum
|Chockar
|20
|Rawal
|0
| Khatana
| 3,684
| Kushan
|882
|Kalas
| 1,260
| Gorsi
|309
|Chechi
|1,621
|-
! Sialkot
| Chockar
| 3
| Rawal
| 10
| Khatana
|1,020
|Kushan
|349
|Kalas
|0
|Gorsi
|277
|Chechi
|692
|-
! Gujranwala
| Chockar
| 0
| Rawal
| 17
|Khatana
|125
|Kushan
|25
| Kalas
|60
|Gorsi
|38
|Chechi
|205
|-
! Firozepur
|Chockar
|0
|Rawal
|0
| Khatana
| 1,138
| Kushan
| 312
| Kalas
|166
|Gorsi
|870
|Chechi
|779
|-
! Gujrat
|Chockar
|269
|Rawal
|0
| Khatana
| 21,449
| Kushan
| 3,048
| Kalas
|3,560
|Gorsi
|3,312
|Chechi
|8,092
|-
|}

==Religion==
In east Punjab they're divided into three [[Ethnoreligious group]]s: Muslim Gurjars, Hindu Gurjars and Hindu Gurjars. Muslim Gurjars are spread throughout the Punjab, Pakistan and can also be found in the [[Kandi]], [[Majha]], [[Doaba]] and [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] regions of Punjab, India. Hindu and [[Sikh Gurjars]] found in southern and eastern parts of Punjab, India. Prior to the [[Partition of India|partition of Punjab]], the Gurjars in the region practiced [[Islam]], followed by [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]].<ref name=":Manv">{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Dr Manveer |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/19th_Century_Punjabi_Society/-dQTEQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=19th Century Punjabi Society |date=2022-12-28 |publisher=Abhishek Publications |isbn=978-93-5652-134-6 |pages=86 |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Gurjars were predominantly located in western Punjab (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) and northern and western parts of present-day Punjab, India. The Hindu Gurjars were mainly found in the southeastern parts of Indian Punjab, and Sikh Gurjars were concentrated in [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] and [[Ludhiana district]]s.<ref name=":Manv" />

In Indian Punjab, some Hindu Gurjars also practice the tradition of [[Veneration of the dead|ancestor worship]].<ref name=":9" /> Every Gurjar clan have its own separate place of worship for ancestors.<ref>Cultural Geography, Form and Process Essays in Honour of Prof. A.B. Mukerji (2004) p.103</ref>

===Conversion===
It is believed initially Gurjars of Punjab were Hindus. Later, they first embraced Islam between the 11th to 16th centuries, and then a small part of their community also embraced Sikhism in the 17th century.

Sir [[John Malcolm]] noted that the [[Jats]], who largely made up the Sikh community, and the [[Gurjar|Gujars]] were among the primary groups that initially adopted [[Sikhism]] in the 17th century in Punjab.<ref name="Marenco 1974 64"/> [[B.S Nijjar]], noted that some Gurjars in certain areas of Hoshiarpure, Rupnagar, Nawanshahr districts in [[East Punjab]] became [[Sikh]] during and after [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s time in the 17th century, though they were relatively few in number.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

In Punjab, they converted to Islam on different occasions, but most of their population converted to Islam in the 16th century. Hindu Gujjars of the [[Lahore district]] in present-day Punjab, Pakistan embraced Islam in the hands of Muslim [[Wali|saint]] Hazrat [[Ali al-Hujwiri|Data-Ali al-Hujwiri]] in the 11th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2tlWAAAAMAAJ |title=Guru Nanak in History |date=1969 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Panjab University |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref>

The Gurjars of the [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] and [[Jalandhar district]]s in Punjab, India embraced Islam during the rule of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in the 17th century in [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hussain|first=Rafaqat|last2=Idris|first2=Mohammad|date=2024|title=Socio-Cultural and Economic Conditions of the Gujjar Community in the Punjab (1849-1947 CE)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27438475|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=83|pages=690|issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>Origins and History of Jats and Other Allied Nomadic Tribes of India: 900 B.C.-1947 A.D. By Bakhshish Singh Nijjar (2008) p:203</ref>

==Culture==
''<nowiki/>'Gurjars of Punjab''' follow different religious practices. Hindu Gurjars are mainly [[Shaivism]] or [[Shaktism]] and are very devoted to worshiping [[Shitala|Shitala Bhawanj]], the [[goddess]] of [[smallpox]]. They also worship some minor gods including [[Chamar Pyareji]], [[Baba Mohan Ram|Baba Mohan Raam]] and [[Baba Sabha]]. Muslim Gurjars follow all Islamic laws and traditions and all of them are mainly Sunni Muslims.<ref name=":Cult">{{Cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Rafaqat |last2=Idris |first2=Mohammad |date=2024 |title=Socio-Cultural and Economic Conditions of the Gujjar Community in the Punjab (1849-1947 CE) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27438475 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=83 |pages=684–696 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>{{reference page|page=689}}

===Food===
[[File:Punjabi Thali.JPG|thumb|center|Typical [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] food (thali).]]
"Gurjars in Punjab", like other [[Punjabis|Punjabi communities]], typically eat a simple diet that includes flatbread (Chhapati) made from wheat or corn, potatoes, very spicy onion curry, and lentils, and they usually don't eat meat. But on special occasions like [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]] or other [[Muslim festivals]], Muslim Gurjars eat meat dishes. They mostly drink milk, [[Lassi]], and also eat butter with rotis. Gurjars like their tea sweet, and while they don't drink alcohol, they love [[Hookah]], cigarettes and betel leaf.<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=47}}

===Shrine visit===
[[File:Darbar Hazrat Baba Farid ud Deen Ganj Shakar Rahmatullah Alaih - panoramio.jpg|thumb|center|Shrine of Baba Farid.]]
Muslim Gurjars visit [[shrine]]s of different [[Wali|Muslim saints]] including the shrine of [[Rauza Mandhali Sharif]], [[Panjpeer Shrine|Panj Pir Shrine]], [[Sakhi Sarwar (saint)|Sakhi Sarwar]], [[Data Darbar|Sharine of Data Ali Hajveri]] and the [[Shrine of Baba Farid]]. Although Punjabi Gurjars of all faiths in Punjab also visit shrines of Muslim Sufi saints.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

Historian [[Varinder Shastri]] said, Hindu Gurjars in Punjab region often visit [[shrines]] of [[Muslim saints]] and they light candles there. Interestingly, Punjabi [[Sikh Gurjars]] also visit shrines. It seems that visiting shrines is a common practice among Gurjars of all religious backgrounds.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

===After death===
Muslim Gurjars in Punjab on Thursday evenings (Jume-raat), offer food to their deceased ancestors. When someone dies, their family feeds beggars, hopping the food will reach the desceased in the afterlife.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

===Marriages===
Most marriages among Punjabi Gurjars are based on parental approval, and they mostly prefer arranged marriages. Gurjar marriages usually happen when the kids are between 9 and 16 years old. In Gurjar communities girls aren't allowed to make their own decisions about getting married, and if an unmarried girl does something considered wrong, she's cut off from the community. She might be able to return if her partner is part of the tribe and she provides food for the community.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

====Marriage practices====
Punjabi Gurjars follow different traditional marriage practices. Like other Muslim Gurjars communities Muslim Gurjars of Punjab usually have a nikah ceremony for weddings. Even so, many still follow some of their old customs. For example, when the bride arrives at her new home, her mother-in-law waves a tray (Parachhan/Chhadhar) over her head to keep away bad spirits.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689 - 690}} The wedding ceremonies are different Hindu Gurjars, but they often include giving away the bride (Kanyadan) and a procession where the couple walks around the wedding area (bhanwari).<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=689}}

====Wedding rituals====
The Gurjars in Punjab have some unique customs for weddings and births that blend Hindu and Muslim traditions. In Hoshiarpure district of east Punjab, there's a custom called "mudda ji rupaiya" where rich Gurjars give money to musicians (Mirasis) at weddings. They even give double to pregnant women.This makes them super respected, and they're called "gharbhan ka datu". Another custom, "bhaji", is like a long-standing financial connction between families. In the area of Nakodar, they still do some old-school stuff like "Pindwalna", where the groom's crew tries to surround the bride's village, but her peeps try to stop them. And in " Jhalka-bathi", girls won't let the brother-in-law light the wedding fire till he gets them a gift.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=690}}

In Gurdaspur district Muslim Gurjars they make a cow dung idol when a son is born and have Brahmins bless the dad with sacred grass. They give gifts like clothes or money to the kid's female relatives. At weddings, they groom sits on a basket before getting dressed up, and they don't marry within their own clan (got/qabila). Some groups, like the Bhatia, don't follow this rule anymore. In Gujrat district of west Punjab, Muslim Gurjars follow similar customs with Muslim Jats. On Dhanteras, the mom takes a bath, and a Brahmin makes a Sacred square with a lamp. They. share food like rotis and halwa with clan members, but married daughters don't eat it since they're part of another clan group. At weddings, they do things differently than Hindu Gurjars.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=690}}

====Polygamy and Polyandry====
In Punjab, Muslim Gurjars are mostly monogamous, but some also practice polygamy, where a man can have multiple wives. In contrast, Hindu Gurjars have traditionally practiced polyandry where a woman can have multiple husbands. Scholar Krishan Lal says that Hindu Gurjars used to practice polyandry where one woman would marry multiple brothers. This happened likely because of there weren't enough women in the tribe. The reason for this shortage was that people used to kill baby girls, a practice known as female infanticide, which was pretty common before the government made it illegal in 1870.<ref name=":Cult" />{{reference page|page=690 - 691}}

====Cousins marriages====
In Punjab, Muslim Gurjars often practice a type of marriage where people marry their cross-cousins, which creates repeating patterns of relationships between groups. With large families, it's not always possible to marry cross-cousins, so they look for more distant relatives or make new connections setting up future cross-cousins marriage.<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=42}}

===Gender role===
====Men role====
Men of the Gurjar communities typically spend their time looking after their fields, livestock, preparing food for them, selling dairy products, milk, and buying supplies from the market. The oldest man in the family is usually in charge, and older people are highly respected, getting to enjoy a more relaxed life compared to others. Many men take the lead in making decisions about religion and politics, but in some families, the oldest woman is the one who really calls the shots and has a lot of influence.<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=43}}

====Women role====
Gurjar women have a big role in their communities, and in traditional stories, they're often portrayed as brave and amazing. Gurjar women are in charge of cooking and cleaning. Often, each [[sister-in-law]] has her own cooking area in the hut, with continue to health issues like respiratory problems. While women fetch water, clean up, and cook, men typically relax, smoke, and sing. Women play a big role in family rituals and festivals, and they also pitch in with farm work, caring for animals, and gathering fuel when needed. The younger Gurjar women work really hard - they're up before anyone else and go to bed last. They cook meals, do laundry by hand, wash dishes, collect firewood, get food for the livestock, and do lots of other tasks throughout the day.<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=43 - 44}}

===Language===
The majority of '<nowiki/>''Punjabi Gurjars''' speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their primary language, with many also speaking additional languages such as Saraiki, [[Pahari-Pothwari]], [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name=":Lang2">{{Cite journal |last=Dorrell |first=Janet C. |date=2002 |title=Community needs assessment among the Gujjars in Northern India. |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2104/11694 |journal=Journal of Baylor University |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |via=[[Baylor University]], Waco, [[Texas]]|pages=41|quote=The Gujjars speak Gojari as their heart language and either Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, or Pashtu as their trade language. Many of the women only speak Gojari. Gojari is at present an unwritten language although an alphabet has recently been developed and reading primers are being published.}}</ref> In northwestern areas of Punjab, Pakistan, some Gurjars also speak [[Gujari]]. In Punjab India certain Gurjar communities who have migrated from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] use Gujari as their mother tongue. Meanwhile, in southern areas of Punjab, Pakistan some Gurjars communicate in the [[Saraiki language|Sarakai]] [[Punjabi dialects|dialect of Punjabi.]]

In the 2011 Indian census, the Gujari-speaking population in Punjab, India was recorded as 7,024, spoken by [[Muslim Gujjars]] in the [[Hoshiarpur District|Hoshiarpur]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]], and [[Pathankot]] districts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - C-16: Population by mother tongue, Punjab - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10219 |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

===Ragani===
[[Gujari Ragani]] or Gujari is a traditional melody associated with the Punjabi Gurjar community, who have a long history in [[Punjab]]. According to tradition, Hindu Gurjars were devotees of Lord [[Krishna]]. This particular melody is typically sung during morning worship regardless of the season. It's a style that reflects the character of a robust and down-to-earth people known for their straightforwardness and simplicity.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardev |first=Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Missionary/5-gBAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Missionary |date=1963 |publisher=Hardev Bahadur Singh |volume=4 |pages=55 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Siṅgha |first=Tārana |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Guru_Nanak_His_Mind_and_Art/etw8AAAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Guru Nanak, His Mind and Art |date=1992 |publisher=Bahri Publications |isbn=978-81-7034-066-9 |pages=142 |language=en |quote=Gujari is a ragni of the Gujar tribe which inhabited the Punjab in very early times.}}</ref>

===Gujari (raga)===
[[Gurjari (raga)|Gujari]], Gurjari, or Gujri Raga is a Raag in [[Indian classical music]]. It was originated in the Punjab region among the ''Punjabi Gurjars''. It's also believed that the name of the raga is based on the traditional [[folk music]] of the tribal Gujars of Punjab region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ashwini |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Casual_Symphony/BXIFAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Casual Symphony |date=1977 |publisher=Kalyani Publishers |pages=36 |language=en |quote=The Gujari Raga owes its origin to the Gujar tribe of the Punjab, and so does Raga Sohni which is intimately associated with the legend of Sohni Mehiwal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Dr Manjit |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Decoding_the_Musical_Signatures_of_Sri_G/lqqeEQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Decoding the Musical Signatures of Sri Guru Granth Sahib |date=2025-12-10 |publisher=BlueRose Publishers Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gosvami |first=O. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Story_of_Indian_Music/wEssAAAAYAAJ?hl=en |title=The Story of Indian Music: Its Growth and Synthesis |date=1978 |publisher=Scholarly Press |isbn=978-0-403-01567-2 |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref>

==Population==
In [[1951 census of India]], the total Gurjar population in Punjab, India was 4,37,706. As per same census, 66.62% of the Gurjars followed [[Islam]], while 33.38% were [[Hindu]]s. The total [[Muslim]] Gujjar population was 2,91,601, (out of Punjab's total population of 91,60,500).<ref name=":INDPunj">{{Cite web |date=1951 |title=Estimated Population By Castes, 21 Punjab - Census 1951 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30202 |website=Census of India by Government of India |page=16}}</ref>

In recent decades, some [[Tribe|tribal]] Gurjars migrated from Jammu and Kashmir and [[Himachal Pradesh]] to Punjab, India. Now there are approximately ''4,000 Gurjars living in [[Indian Punjab]], mainly belonging to the [[Bakarwal people|Bakarwal tribe]]''.<ref name=":TBGuj" />

In the northern parts of [[Pakistani Punjab]], particularly in the [[Pothohar]] region, a total of ''23,00,000 [[Muslim Gurjars|Gurjars]]'' reside there.<ref name=":PKPunj" />

==Education==
In [[East Punjab]], most [[Tribe|Tribal]] Gurjars lack basic education. Their kids often don't go to formal school. If they do, they usually don't go regularly. The problem is, school isn't taught in their native language, and it's hard for them to attend because they move around a lot. The teachers are also from different backgrounds and not from the Gurjar community. The few who start school tend to drop out because they aren't interested, their families need them to work, they can't afford things like transport and uniforms, or they get married young.<ref name=":Dorrell" />{{reference page|page=45}}

==See also==
*[[Punjabi tribes]]

==Notables==
===Politics===
*[[Fazal Elahi Chaudhry]], Pakistani politicians who served as [[President of Pakistan]] from (1973–1978)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Humaira |first=Dar |last2=Qudsia |first2=Batool |last3=Khan |first3=Mumtaz Ali |last4=Imran |first4=Alam |date=July 2020 |title=The Role of Biradarism in Punjab Politics: A Case Study of Sialkot |url=https://www.prdb.pk/article/the-role-of-biradarism-in-punjab-politics-a-case-study-of-s-8060 |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |volume=57 |issue=03 |pages=74 |via=[[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]], Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Pakistani_Histor/imQ7P8OITwQC?hl=en |title=The Oxford Companion to Pakistani History |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-940734-7 |pages=217 |language=en |quote=Ilahi, Chaudhry Fazal Illahi (1904-1982). Chaudhry Fazal Ilahi was born into a Gujjar family of Gujrat district.}}</ref>
*[[Chaudhary Rehmat Ali]], founder of Pakistan's independence movement<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=Chaudhry Rehmat Ali's birth anniversary marked with tributes nationwide |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/16-Nov-2025/chaudhry-rehmat-ali-s-birth-anniversary-marked-tributes-nationwide |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
*[[Fayyaz ul Hassan Chohan]], politicians from Rawalpindi

===Literature===
*[[Afarin Lahori]], Punjabi poet from Lahore
*[[Ahmad Shah Gujjar]], Punjabi poet
*[[Mian Muhammad Bakhsh]], Punjabi poet from Gujrat
*[[Ghulam Rasool Alampuri]], Punjabi poet from Hoshiarpure
*[[Sahir Ludhianvi]], Urdu poet from Ludhiana<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Siddiqui]] |first=Naaz |title=ساحر لدھیانوی - شخص اور شاعر |date=1978 |publisher=Punjabi Pushtak Bhandar, Kalan, Delhi |location=Delhi |pages=13 |language=Urdu |trans-title=Sahir Ludhianvi - Person and poet |quote=ساخته ۸ مارچ ۱۹۲۱ کو لدھیانہ (پنجاب) کے ایک جاگیردار گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ پہلی اولاد نرینہ ہونے کی وجہ سے ان کی پیدائش پر بڑا جشن منایا گیا۔ والدین نے قرآن شریف دیکھ کر عبد الحنی نام رکھا - ساخر کے اجداد قوم کے [[Muslim Gurjars|گجر]] تھے-}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=جامع اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا |year=2003 |edition=1 |location=[[Delhi]] |pages=302 |language=Urdu |trans-title=Complete Urdu Encyclopedia |quote='''ساحر لدھیانوی''' (1980-1921): اصلی نام عبدالکی تھا۔ کالج کے طالب علم تھے، تو شعر بھی کہنے لگے، اور لاہور کی ادبی فضا نے ان کے ذوق کو جلا بخشی۔ ساحر کے والد ایک [[Muslim Gurjars|گجر]] گھرانے سے تھے۔|last=Raza|first=Muhammad Musa|publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]], New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |first=Dr. Zareen|last=Zarren|url=https://www.urdulinks.com/urj/?p=5281|title=ساحرؔ کی حیات اور ان کی نظم نگاری کا اجمالی جائزہ|date=16 January 2022|journal=Urdu Research Journal|quote=ساحرؔ کے آبا و اجداد گوجر قوم سے تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ ان کے دادا فتح محمد لدھیانہ کے نامور امیر ترین جاگیردار تھے۔ ساحرؔ کی والدہ سردار بیگم کشمیری تھیں۔ ان کے دو بڑے بھائی محمد شفیع اور عبد الرشید اور بڑی بہن شاہ بیگم تھیں۔|trans-title=Complete overview of Life and poetry of Sahir Ludhianvi.|via=Urdu Links}}</ref>

===Military===
*[[Sawar Khan]], former four-star general of the Pakistan Army and Governor of Punjab from Rawalpindi<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akhtar |first=Dr Nabila |last2=Fatima |first2=Dr Qamar |date=2021-06-30 |title=Political Dynamics of Biraderi Politics An Empirical Analysis of District Toba Tek Singh |url=https://jps.pu.edu.pk/6/article/view/560 |journal=Journal of Political Studies |language=en |volume=28 |issue=01 |pages=89–106 |issn=2308-8338|quote=The political power holders have prone the non-democratic norms like Biraderism in Pakistan. That’s why General Zia-UL-Haq, General Sawar Khan and General Rao Farman Ali in their turn raised the status of the biraderies i.e. Arain, Gujjar and Rajpute respectively.}}</ref>
*[[Fazal Din]], British army officer in 7th Battalion, 10th Baluch Regiment British army from Hoshiarpure<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naik Fazal Din VC, 10th Baluch Regiment|url=https://burmastarmemorial.org/vc-naik-fazal-din|website=Burma Star Memorial Fund}}</ref> from Hoshiarpure
*[[Tufail Mohammad]], Pakistan military officer from Hoshiarpure
*[[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]], Indian army officer from Sahiwal<ref>[https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/retelling-the-tale-of-brigadier-kuldip-singh-indias-braveheart-who-won-the-maha-vir-chakra-for-the-battle-of-longewala-245861.html "Retelling The Tale Of Brigadier Kuldip Singh"]. Times of India. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021</ref>

===Cricket===
*[[Shoaib Akhtar]]
*[[Wahab Riaz]]
*[[Haris Sohail]]

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Mamta |title=Gujjar kabile da Sabyachaar|date=2016 |publisher=Gracious Books, Patiala|language=Punjabi|trans-title=Cultural Aspects of Gurjar tribe}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sukhadewa Siṅgha |first=Sekhoṃ |title=Gujjara kabīle dā loka sāhita: Saṅkalana, khoja te wishaleshaṇa |date=2003 |publisher=Wārisa Shāha Phāuṇḍeshana |language=Punjabi}}
*{{Cite book |title=Bīta de gujjarāṃ dā sabbhiācāra |publisher=Pabalīkeshana Biūro Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī (Publication Bureau [[Punjabi University]], India) |year=2010 |language=Punjabi ([[Gurmukhi]])}}
*{{Cite book |last=Bharadwaj |first=A. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/History_and_Culture_of_Himalayan_Gujjars.html?id=UApuAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=History and Culture of Himalayan Gujjars |date=1994 |publisher=Jay Kay Book House |language=en}}
*Sharma, J. C., (1984). "Gujars". In Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey. Vol. 1. edited by Richard V. Weekes. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
*Singh, Pritam; Thandi, Shinder S. (1996). Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity. Coventry, United Kingdom: Association for Punjab Studies (UK). {{ISBN|978-1-874699-05-7}}
*{{Cite book |title=Gujjar Qabail - گجر قبائل |url=https://www.linkshop.pk/gujjar-qabail |access-date= |language=Urdu|last=Sohrdvi|first=Kamran Azam|year=2012|trans-title=Gujjar tribes}}
*{{Cite book |title=Encyclopaedia aqwam-e-Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Encyclopaedia_aqwam_e_Pakistan.html?id=XecA0QEACAAJ&redir_esc=y |access-date= |first=Kamran|last= Azam |year=2012}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist-lr}}

[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]]

List of East Bengal FC records and statistics

2026-05-06T07:34:00Z

Natasha6581: new the details from scratch

{{short description|None}}
{{about|all-time records|a season-by-season statistical breakdown|List of East Bengal FC seasons}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}

{{main|East Bengal Football Club}}

'''East Bengal Football Club''' is an Indian professional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], which competes in [[Indian Super League]], the top tier of [[football in India|Indian football]]. The club was formed when the vice-president of [[Jorabagan]], Suresh Chandra Chaudhuri, resigned when Jorabagan sent out their starting eleven but with the notable exclusion of defender Sailesh Bose who was dropped from the squad for reasons not disclosed when they were about to face [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] in the [[Cooch Behar]] Cup semi-final on 28 July 1920. He along with Raja Manmatha Nath Chaudhuri, Ramesh Chandra Sen and Aurobinda Ghosh, formed East Bengal, in Jorabagan home of Suresh Chandra on 1 August 1920; 99 years ago.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal">{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|title=THE RISE OF EAST BENGAL CLUB|last=|first=|date=|work=East Bengal Football Club|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818124203/http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|archive-date=18 August 2012|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref> East Bengal started playing in the [[Calcutta Football League]] 2nd division from 1921 and in 1925 they qualified for the first division for the first time and since then they have won numerous titles in Indian Football.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal" />

East Bengal joined the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] since its inception in 1996 and is the only club to play all seasons till date, even after its name changed to [[I-League]] in 2007.<ref name="stats"/> East Bengal have won the National Football League thrice: 2000–01, 2002–03 and 2003–04, and became runners-up 7 times, the most of any Indian clubs. Among other trophies, East Bengal have won the Calcutta Football League 39 times, [[IFA Shield]] 29 times, [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] 8 times and the [[Durand Cup]] 16 times.

==History==
[[File:East Bengal FC 1949 IFA Shield.jpg|thumb|300px|upright|The East Bengal team with the 1949 IFA Shield trophy.]]
On 28 July 1920, Mohun Bagan was scheduled to play Jorabagan in the Cooch Behar Cup.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal"/> Jorabagan sent out their starting eleven but with the notable exclusion of defender Sailesh Bose who was dropped from the squad for reasons not disclosed.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal" /> The vice-president of Jorabagan, Suresh Chandra Chaudhuri, asked for Bose to be included in the line-up but the club coaches did not listen.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal" /> Chaudhuri left the club due to this and, along with Raja Manmatha Nath Chaudhuri, Ramesh Chandra Sen and Aurobinda Ghosh, formed East Bengal on 1 August 1920, named after the region they hailed from.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal" />
East Bengal Club played their first match in the 1920 Hercules Cup, which was a [[seven-a-side football|7-a-side]] tournament that they won. After the tournament, the club became affiliated with the [[Indian Football Association]]. They won their first-ever full tournament in 1921, lifting the Khogendra Shield.<ref name=timeline>{{cite web|author=The World Sports Today|date=1 August 2020|url=https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline of Kolkata giant's key milestones|work=The World Sports Today|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161358/https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/|url-status=live}}</ref> The red and gold brigade qualified for the Calcutta Football League 1st division in 1925.<ref name=timeline/> They won their first 1st title in 1942. East Bengal won their first IFA Shield in 1943. In 1945, East Bengal won their first double of winning both Calcutta Football League and IFA Shield.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal" /> From 1949 to 1951, East Bengal became the first team to make a hat-trick of wins in IFA Shield.<ref name=timeline/> In 1970, the club defeated Asian giants [[PAS Tehran]] to win the IFA Shield trophy.<ref name=timeline2>{{cite web|first=Team|last=Sportstar|date=1 August 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline|work=Sportstar|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629224925/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=golden70s/> In 1972, East Bengal won Calcutta Football League, IFA Shield, Durand Cup and [[Rovers Cup]] in a single season, thus becoming the first team to do so.<ref name=timeline/><ref name=golden70s/> In 1972, East Bengal also made a record of being the first and till date only Indian team winning the Calcutta Football League without conceding a single goal, which they again repeated in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/cfl-stat.html|title=East Bengal - Performance in Calcutta Football League|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=22 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522213612/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/cfl-stat.html}}</ref> In 1973, the club defeated [[Pyongyang City Sports Club|Pyongyang City SC]] to lift the IFA Shield title<ref name=timeline2/> and went on to defeat another North Korean team Dok Ro Gang to lift the DCM Trophy in the same season.<ref name=golden70s/><ref>{{cite web|first=Vijay|last=Lokapally|date=1 August 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/east-bengal-100-years-delhi-indian-football-kolkata-derby-mohun-bagan-durand-cup-novy-kapadia-aiff/article32247468.ece|title=East Bengal: A long history with Delhi|work=Sportstar|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413173247/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/east-bengal-100-years-delhi-indian-football-kolkata-derby-mohun-bagan-durand-cup-novy-kapadia-aiff/article32247468.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1975, East Bengal broke the record by winning the Calcutta Football League consecutively for the 6th time (1970–75), bettering the record held by [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] of winning it 5 times (1934–38).<ref name=golden70s/><ref name=timeline/> In 1975, East Bengal also created history as they defeated their arch-rivals Mohun Bagan by a record margin of 5–0, which is still being held today, in the IFA Shield final at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground]].<ref name=timeline/> In 1976, East Bengal made a record of winning the IFA Shield 5 times in a row.<ref name=golden70s/><ref name=timeline/> In 1978, East Bengal participated in the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] for the first time and became joint champions with [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/federationcup-stat.html|title=East Bengal - Performance in Federation Cup|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523175331/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/federationcup-stat.html}}</ref><ref name=fedwins/> In 1985, East Bengal won the Federation Cup and qualified for [[AFC Champions League|Asian Club Championships]] for the first time.<ref name=timeline/> East Bengal won the Coca-Cola Cup held in [[Colombo]] as a preliminary tournament for Central Asia Zone, and reached the group stages held in [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=timeline/> In 1991 East Bengal qualified for the [[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] for the first time and reached the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/afccompetitions-stat.html|title=East Bengal — Performance in AFC Tournaments|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=22 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522213551/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/afccompetitions-stat.html}}</ref> In 1993, East Bengal won their second tournament on foreign soil as they won the ''Wai Wai Cup'' in [[Nepal]].<ref name=timeline/> In 2000–01, East Bengal won their maiden NFL title,<ref name=firstnflwin>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=30 April 2001|url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/2001/apr/30nfl3.htm|title=East Bengal win National League|work=Rediff|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624221929/https://m.rediff.com/sports/2001/apr/30nfl3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> winning it again in 2002-03 and 2003–04.<ref name=timeline/> In 2003, they won a major international trophy at [[Jakarta]] when they defeated [[BEC Tero Sasana]] to lift the [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]].<ref name=asean>{{cite web|author=Novy Kapadia|date=28 July 2013|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengals-greatest-hour-the-2003-asean-cup-triumph|title=East Bengal's Greatest Hour: The 2003 ASEAN Cup Triumph|work=Sportskeeda|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110132946/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengals-greatest-hour-the-2003-asean-cup-triumph|url-status=live}}</ref> The club won their third trophy outside of India when they defeated [[South Korea]]n [[Hannam University]] to lift the San Miguel Cup in Nepal.<ref name=sanmiguel>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballasia.com/en/regional/Central/index.asp?id=37988&mth=1&yr=2005&cc=NEP|title=East Bengal win Nepal tournament|work=Football Asia|date=3 January 2005|archive-date=12 January 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112011011/http://www.footballasia.com/en/regional/Central/index.asp?id=37988&mth=1&yr=2005&cc=NEP|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> Between 2007 and 2012, East Bengal won the Federation Cup 4 times (2007, 2009, 2010, 2012). From 2010 to 2017, East Bengal again bettered their own record as they won the Calcutta Football League for 8 consecutive times.<ref name=cfl8times>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/east-bengal-holds-mohun-bagan-to-win-calcutta-football-league-eight-times-in-a-row/article19747202.ece|title=Calcutta Football League: East Bengal wins eighth consecutive title|work=Sportstar -The Hindu|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030090152/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/east-bengal-holds-mohun-bagan-to-win-calcutta-football-league-eight-times-in-a-row/article19747202.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, the club joined the Indian Super League<ref name="ISL">{{cite web|title=Nita Ambani: East Bengal's inclusion throws open limitless opportunities for Indian football|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/nita-ambani-east-bengals-inclusion-throws-open-limitless-opportunities-for-indian-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010181118/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/nita-ambani-east-bengals-inclusion-throws-open-limitless-opportunities-for-indian-football|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=1 July 2021|website=Indian Super League|publisher=ISL Media Team}}</ref> and rebranded as SC East Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 Oct 2020|title=East Bengal rebranded as Sporting Club East Bengal; new logo unveiled|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/sc-east-bengal-isl-new-logo-indian-football/8k1mrjrpnia41thmqrfytdw63|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026220518/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/sc-east-bengal-isl-new-logo-indian-football/8k1mrjrpnia41thmqrfytdw63|archive-date=26 October 2020|access-date=1 July 2021|website=Goal.com}}</ref> They finished ninth in their debut season, having won three of the twenty league matches. The team finished eleventh, at the bottom in the [[2021–22 in Indian football|2021–22 season]], winning just one game in the entire campaign. In 2022, the club rebranded itself as East Bengal FC and finished ninth again, having won six of the twenty league matches.<ref name=seasonreview2223>{{cite web|first=Sattyik|last=Sarkar|date=10 March 2023|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-03-indian-football-isl-east-bengal-season-review|title=Indian Super League 2022-23 Season Review: East Bengal|work=Khel Now|accessdate=12 March 2023}}</ref> In 2024, East Bengal won the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]] defeating [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] in the final to break a twelve-year wait for a national cup trophy.<ref name=kalingasupercup/>

==Honours==
East Bengal Club has won honours both domestically and in international competitions.<ref name="trophylist">{{Cite web |title=East Bengal Club - Trophy Room |url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/trophyroom.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114010717/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/trophyroom.html |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=eastbengalclub.co.in}}</ref> They have won the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] title three times and the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] eight times. They also won the [[Calcutta Football League]] a record forty-one times and the [[IFA Shield]] a record twent-eight times. East Bengal Club has also won the [[Durand Cup]] sixteen times and the [[Rovers Cup]] ten times.<ref name=trophylist/> Till date, the club has won more than one hundred fifty trophies including major and minor tournaments, which are listed below:<ref name=trophylist/><ref name=trophylist2/>

* {{legend|gold|Record}}
* {{sup|S}} Shared record
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:88%; text-align:left"
|+ East Bengal Club honours
!width="30%"| Tournament
!width="5%"| No.
!width="50%"| Years
!width="3%"| Ref.
|-
| colspan="4"| {{align|center|'''AFC Central Asia Qualifier'''}}
|-
| [[File:AFC text logo.png|20x20px]] [[Central Asia Champions' Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
|1985
| <ref name=cocacolacup>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=29 May 2020|url=https://www.badgeb.com/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-became-the-champions-of-central-asia/|title=THROWBACK: When East Bengal FC became the Champions of Central Asia!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055529/https://www.badgeb.com/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-became-the-champions-of-central-asia/|archive-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4"| {{align|center|'''International (Major)'''}}
|-
| {{flagicon|ASEAN}} [[ASEAN Club Championship]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''1'''{{sup|S}}}}
| [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship|2003]]
| <ref name=asean/>
|-
| colspan="4"| {{align|center|'''International (Friendly)'''}}
|-
| {{flagicon|NEP}} Wai Wai Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1993
| <ref name=timeline/>
|-
| {{flagicon|NEP}} San Miguel International Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 2004
| <ref name=sanmiguel/>
|-
!Total
!4
! colspan="2"|
|-
|colspan="4"| {{align|center|'''Domestic (Major)'''}}
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| {{align|center|'''3'''}}
| [[2000-01 National Football League (India)|2000–01]], [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03]], [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]]
| <ref name=nflrecord>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Choudhuri|date=30 March 2021|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiachamp.html|title=India - List of National Champions|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823022558/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiachamp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''8'''}}
| 1978, 1980, 1985, [[1996 Indian Federation Cup Final|1996]], [[2007 Indian Federation Cup Final|2007]], [[2009–10 Indian Federation Cup|2009–10]], [[2010 Indian Federation Cup|2010]], [[2012 Indian Federation Cup|2012]]
| <ref name=fedchamps>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Choudhuri|date=6 December 2006|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiacuphist.html|title=India - List of Federation Cup Winners|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217082516/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiacuphist.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=fedwins>{{cite web|first=Novy|last=Kapadia|date=7 October 2012|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengals-federation-cup-successes|title=East Bengal's Federation Cup successes|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627184705/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengals-federation-cup-successes|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| [[2024 Indian Super Cup|2024]]
| <ref name=kalingasupercup>{{cite web|date=28 January 2024|url=https://i-league.org/12-years-of-pall-of-gloom-lifted-east-bengal-win-a-spine-chiller-to-take-home-kalinga-super-cup/|title=12 years of pall of gloom lifted: East Bengal win a spine-chiller to take home Kalinga Super Cup|work=I-League|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>

|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)|Indian Super Cup]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''3'''}}
| 1997, [[2006 Indian Super Cup|2006]], [[2011 Indian Super Cup|2011]]
| <ref name=supercuplist>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiasupcuphist.html|title=India - List of Super Cup Finals|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803123822/http://rsssf.com/tablesi/indiasupcuphist.html|archive-date=3 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Calcutta Football League]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''41'''}}
| 1942, 1945, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1961, 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, [[2014 CFL Premier Division|2014]], 2015, [[2016 CFL Premier Division|2016]], [[2017 CFL Premier Division|2017]], [[2024–25 CFL Premier Division|2024]], [[2025 CFL Premier Division|2025]]
| <ref name=EBChampion2024>{{cite web|date=20 September 2025|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-2024-25-champion-latest-news-updates/article70074839.ece|title=East Bengal crowned Calcutta Football League 2024-25 champion|work=Sportstar|accessdate=22 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[IFA Shield]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''29'''}}
| 1943, 1945, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, [[2002–03 IFA Shield Final|2002–03]], [[2012 IFA Shield|2012]],
2018
| <ref name=ifashieldchamps>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031142319/http://rsssf.com/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|archive-date=31 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Durand Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''16'''}}
| 1951, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1970, 1972,1978, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2004
| <ref name=durandchamps>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html|title=India - List of Durand Cup Finals|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729142839/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rovers Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''10'''}}
| 1949, 1962, 1967, 1969,1972. 1973, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1994
| <ref name=roverschamps>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiaroverscuphist.html|title=India - List of Rovers Cup Finals|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiaroverscuphist.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Total
!110
! colspan="2"|
|-
|colspan="4"| {{align|center|'''Domestic (Minor and Other Trophies)'''}}
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[DCM Trophy]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''7'''}}
| 1950, 1952, 1957, 1960, 1973, 1974, 1983
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadcm.html|title=India - D.C.M. Trophy|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013052139/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadcm.html|archive-date=13 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bordoloi Trophy]]
| {{align|center|'''5'''}}
| 1968, 1972, 1973, 1978, 1992
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiabordoloicuphist.html|title=India - List of Bordoloi Trophy Winners|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319131730/http://rsssf.com/tablesi/indiabordoloicuphist.html|archive-date=19 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[All Airlines Gold Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''7'''}}
| 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Airlines Gold Cup|work=IndianFootball.de|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024223328/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Darjeeling Gold Cup]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''5'''}}
| 1976, 1981, 1982, 1985, 2018{{efn|name=Reserves|[[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal Reserves]] participated in the tournament.}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|title=14TH ALL INDIA DARJEELING GOLD CUP 2014 - PREVIOUS WINNERS|work=Kolkata Football|accessdate=7 Jul 2021|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125174037/https://kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=dgc>{{cite web|first=Sayak|last=Dipta Dey|date=24 December 2018|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-reserves-crowned-champions-of-gta-chairman-s-gold-cup-a-rewind|title=East Bengal Reserves crowned Champions of GTA Chairman's Gold Cup : A Rewind|work=Sportskeeda|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114131647/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-reserves-crowned-champions-of-gta-chairman-s-gold-cup-a-rewind|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[McDowell's Cup]]
|bgcolor="gold"| {{align|center|'''3'''}}
| 1995, 1997, 2000
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/mcdowellscup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Mcdowell's Cup|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120073720/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/mcdowellscup.html|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sait Nagjee Football Tournament]]
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1968, 1986
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/saitnagjeetrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sait Nagjee Trophy|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928211306/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/saitnagjeetrophy.html|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Stafford Challenge Cup|Stafford Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1981, 1986
| <ref name=trophylist/><ref name=trophylist2>{{cite web|url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/eastbengalclub/trophy-room/|title=YEAR WISE TROPHY LIST|work=East Bengal the Real Power|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-date=5 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705192235/https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/eastbengalclub/trophy-room/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sanjay Gandhi Gold Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1984
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kalinga Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1993
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} SSS Trophy
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1989, 1991
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Independence Day Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 2002
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dr. H. K. Mookherjee Shield
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1957, 1961
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[ATPA Shield]]
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1992
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} P. K. Nair Gold Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1956
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Kerala FA Shield
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1968
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Mohammedan Sporting Platinum Jubilee Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 2010
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Hercules Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1920
| <ref name=trophylist/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Khogendra Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1921
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Chandannager Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1920
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sachin Memorial Shield
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1921
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Cooch Behar Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''5'''}}
| 1924, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1960
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Trades Cup]]
| {{align|center|'''4'''}}
| 1960, 1966, 1975, 1976
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Gladstone Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1929
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Griffith Shield
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1929, 1946
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Lady Hardinge Shield
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1940
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Lakshmibilas Cup
| {{align|center|'''3'''}}
| 1920, 1968, 1969
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Bardwan Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1938
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} S.C.I.S.T. Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1947
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} William Younger Cup
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 1969, 1976
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Girija Shield
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1942
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raja Memorial Shield
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 1960
| <ref name=trophylist2/>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Madhyamgram MLA Cup
| {{align|center|'''1'''}}
| 2023{{efn|name=Reserves}}
| <ref name=mlacup23>{{cite web|date=15 January 2023|url=https://www.sportsnscreen.com/bn/sports/east-bengal-beat-barasat-in-mla-cup-final|title=East Bengal: দুরন্ত জয়! এমএলএ কাপ ফাইনালে বারাসাত'কে উড়িয়ে দিল ইস্টবেস্টল|trans-title=East Bengal: A stunning victory! East Bengal beat Barasat in MLA Cup final|language=bn|work=Sports n Screen|accessdate=15 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115165258/https://www.sportsnscreen.com/bn/sports/east-bengal-beat-barasat-in-mla-cup-final|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Kulodakanta Memorial Shield
| {{align|center|'''2'''}}
| 2023, 2025
| {{efn|name=Reserves}}<ref name=kkshieldcup23>{{cite web|date=23 December 2023|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/sports/other-sports/east-bangal-wins-the-kulada-kanta-shield-participating-after-50-years/wb20231223195851061061633|title=90 বছরের প্রাচীন কুলদাকান্ত শিল্ড ঘরে এল ইস্টবেঙ্গলের|trans-title=90 year old Kulodakanta Shield comes home to East Bengal|language=bn|work=ETV Bharat|accessdate=24 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
!'''Total'''
! 71
! colspan="2"|
|-
! '''All Total'''
! '''185'''m
! colspan="2"|
|}
*m Including minor trophies
{{notelist}}

==Player records==
{{further|List of foreign players for East Bengal Club}}

===Goalscoring records===

* Most goals in all competitions: [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], 148.<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name=bhai148>{{cite web|first=Jaydip|last=Dasgupta|date=18 Dec 2014|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2014/18th_dec_2014.html|title=BHAICHUNG BHUTIA HONORED BY RED AND GOLD, DESIRE TO PLAY I-LEAGUE.|work=Kolkata Football|accessdate=9 Jul 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190907/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2014/18th_dec_2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most goals in [[Indian Super League]]: [[Cleiton Silva]], 20.<ref name=islstats/><ref>{{cite web|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|date=16 September 2021|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/top-scorers-of-each-club-in-is-mohun-bagan-east-bengal/1kiovgkbdy3231o3kt25g7pbsp|title=From Roy Krishna to Sunil Chhetri, who are the top-scorers of each club in ISL?|work=Goal|accessdate=30 September 2021|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930174505/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/top-scorers-of-each-club-in-isl-mohun-bagan-east-bengal/1kiovgkbdy3231o3kt25g7pbsp|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most goals in [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] / [[I-League]]: Bhaichung Bhutia, 49.<ref name=bhaichung>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/india_football_icon.html|title=PADMASREE BAICHUNG BHUTIA - UPTO 23.02.2008|work=Kolkata Football|date=23 February 2008|accessdate=29 June 2001|archive-date=4 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704113959/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/india_football_icon.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most goals in [[Calcutta Football League]]: Somana, 85.<ref name=timeline/><ref name=legends/>
* Most goals in [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: Bhaichung Bhutia, 14.<ref name=bhaichung/>
* Most goals in [[IFA Shield]]: [[K. P. Dhanraj]], 27.<ref name=legends/><ref name=itihaseeb/>
* Most goals in [[Durand Cup]]: [[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Mohammed Habib]] and Surajit Sengupta, 17.<ref name=legends/><ref name=itihaseeb/>
* Most goals in [[Rovers Cup]]: [[Tulsidas Balaram]], 10.<ref name=legends/><ref name=itihaseeb/>
* Most goals in D.C.M. Trophy: [[Moosa Ghazi]], 12.<ref name=legends/><ref name=itihaseeb/>
* Most goals in Continental competitions: Bhaichung Bhutia, 11.<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/>
* Most goals in a single Calcutta Football League campaign: Swami Nayar, 36 (During the 1946 season).<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/for-bragging-rights/cid/1386450|title=For bragging rights|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041124/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/for-bragging-rights/cid/1386450|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=Hariprasad/>
* Most goals in a single NFL / I-League campaign: [[Tolgay Ozbey]] and [[Chidi Edeh]], 18 (During the [[2011-12 I-League|2011–12]] and [[2012-13 I-League|2012–13]] season respectively).<ref name="stats"/>
* Most goals in a single Indian Super League campaign: Cleiton Silva, 12 (During the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]] season).<ref name=islstats/>
* Most goals in a single match: [[Fred Pugsley]], 8 (against B.B & C.I. Railway, 23 September 1945, [[Rovers Cup]]).<ref name=scebpugsley>{{cite web|first=SC East Bengal|last=Media Team|date=24 Apr 2021|url=https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/fred-pugsley-east-bengal-s-first-foreign-player|title=Fred Pugsley: East Bengal's first foreign player|work=SC East Bengal|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424103837/https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/fred-pugsley-east-bengal-s-first-foreign-player|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name=scroll>{{Cite web|first=Joydeep|last=Basu|date=25 January 2021|url=https://scroll.in/field/985042/indian-football-fred-pugsley-chima-okorie-ranti-martins-the-foreign-strikers-who-shone-in-india|website=Scroll.in|access-date=26 June 2021|title=Indian football: Fred Pugsley, Chima Okorie, Ranti Martins – the foreign strikers who shone in India|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105606/https://scroll.in/field/985042/indian-football-fred-pugsley-chima-okorie-ranti-martins-the-foreign-strikers-who-shone-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most goals in a single match in NFL / I-League: [[Ranti Martins]], 5 (against [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], 1 March 2015).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.live-result.com/football/matches/match406145_Dempo-East_Bengal-online/|title=Football. Dempo 1:5 East Bengal - result and match statistics, online - Live-Result - 01.03.2015|website=www.live-result.com|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115030903/https://www.live-result.com/football/matches/match406145_Dempo-East_Bengal-online/|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ilhattricks/>
* Most goals in a single match in Continental competition: [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]], 4 (against [[New Road Team]], 2 August 1985, [[1985-86 Asian Club Championship|Coca-Cola Cup]]{{efn-ua|name=CocaCola}}).<ref name=cocacolacup/>
* Most goals in a single match against Foreign opponent: Bhaichung Bhutia, 6 (against [[Philippine Army FC]], 16 July 2003, [[ASEAN Club Championship]]).<ref name=asean/><ref name=aseanscroll>{{cite web|first=Nicolai|last=Nayak|date=26 Jul 2020|url=https://scroll.in/field/968097/making-a-mark-in-asia-east-bengals-2003-asean-cup-win-a-defining-moment-for-indian-club-football|title=Making a mark in Asia: East Bengal's 2003 Asean Cup win – a defining moment for Indian club football|work=Scroll|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304005929/https://scroll.in/field/968097/making-a-mark-in-asia-east-bengals-2003-asean-cup-win-a-defining-moment-for-indian-club-football|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fastest goal: [[Cristiano Júnior]], 15 seconds (against [[Tollygunge Agragami]], 20 December 2003, [[2003–04 National Football League (India)|2003–04 NFL]]).<ref>{{cite web|date=20 December 2003|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-score-one-miss-many-national-league-junior-s-first-minute-strike-takes-champions-past-tolly/cid/785143|title=EB score one, miss many — NATIONAL LEAGUE — Junior's first-minute strike takes champions past Tolly|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=6 September 2023|location=Calcutta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906111844/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-score-one-miss-many-national-league-junior-s-first-minute-strike-takes-champions-past-tolly/cid/785143|archive-date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
* Fastest goal in Indian Super League: [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]], 32 seconds (against [[Odisha FC|Odisha]], 29 February 2024, [[2023–24 Indian Super League]]).<ref>{{cite web|first=Yash Pratap |last=Singh|date=29 February 2024|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2024-02-indian-football-isl-ofc-ebfc-stats|title=ISL 2023-24: Top stats from Odisha FC vs East Bengal game|work=Khel Now|accessdate=29 February 2024}}</ref>
* Fastest goal in AFC competitions: [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]], 33 seconds (against [[Bashundhara Kings]], 29 October 2024, [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League]]).<ref name=EBvsBasundhara>{{cite web|first=Utathya|last=Nag|date=29 October 2024|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/afc-challenge-league-2024-25-east-bengal-vs-bashundhara-kings-report|title=AFC Challenge League 2024-25: East Bengal beat Bashundhara Kings 4-0|work=Olympics|accessdate=29 October 2024}}</ref>
* Most hat-tricks in NFL / I-League: Ranti Martins, 3.<ref name=ilhattricks/>
* Most hat-tricks in a single NFL / I-League campaign: Ranti Martins, 2 (During the [[2015-16 I-League|2015–16]] season).<ref name=ilhattricks/>
* Most hat-tricks in a single Calcutta Football League campaign: Swami Nayar, 4 (During the 1946 season).<ref name="auto5"/><ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=Hariprasad/>
* Fastest hat-trick: K. P. Dhanraj, 4 minutes 30 seconds, (against Maharana Club, 27 August 1949).{{efn-ua|27 August 1949, East Bengal 8-0 Maharana Club, Semi Final 1949 [[IFA Shield]], [[K. P. Dhanraj]] scored a hattrick inside the 5th minute (goals scored: {{goal|1||2||5}}) of the match.<ref name="TopScorers"/><ref>{{cite news |date=28 Aug 1949 |title=East Bengal's Cake-Walk Passage into I.F.A. Final, Maharana Club of Gauhati Trounced by 8 Clear Goals|work=Amrita Bazar Patrika |location=Kolkata }}</ref>}}
* Fastest hat-trick in NFL / I-League: Ranti Martins, 19 minutes, (against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]], 12 March 2016).{{efn-ua|12 March 2016, [[Aizawl F.C.]] 2-3 [[East Bengal FC]], [[2015-16 I-League|2015–16]], [[Ranti Martins]] scored a second-half hattrick within a span of 19 minutes (goals scored: {{goal|69|pen|85||88}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/03/12/india/i-league/aizawl-fc/east-bengal-club-fc/2177583/|title=AIZAWL VS. EAST BENGAL 2 - 3|work=Soccerway|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703045824/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/03/12/india/i-league/aizawl-fc/east-bengal-club-fc/2177583/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* Most consecutive matches scored: [[Chima Okorie]], 11 (During the 1987 [[Calcutta Football League]] season).<ref name="stats"/>
* Most consecutive matches scored in NFL / I-League: Cristiano Júnior, 7 (During the [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]] season).{{efn-ua|[[Cristiano Júnior]] scored in 7 consecutive matches from 16 December 2003 in round 4 against [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] to 16 January 2004 in round 10 against [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Choudhuri|date=6 Dec 2006|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india04.html|title=India 2003/04|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=9 Jul 2021|archive-date=9 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609202906/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india04.html#nfl1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 Jan 2004|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-back-with-4-goal-bang-junior-shoots-record-goal-as-bhaichung-d-cunha-okoro-pitch-in-salgaocar-shocked/cid/1041294|title=EB back with 4-goal bang - Junior shoots record goal as Bhaichung, D'Cunha, Okoro pitch in - Salgaocar shocked|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=13 Jul 2021|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713114523/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-back-with-4-goal-bang-junior-shoots-record-goal-as-bhaichung-d-cunha-okoro-pitch-in-salgaocar-shocked/cid/1041294|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* Most consecutive matches scored in Indian Super League:
:: Cleiton Silva, 3 (During the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]] season).<ref name=islstats/>
:: [[Saúl Crespo]], 3 (During the [[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]] season).<ref name=islstats/>

===[[Hat-trick]] on debut===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:85%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="7"|'''Hat-trick on debut for East Bengal'''
|-
!width="15%" |Date
!width="10%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="15%"|Opponent
!width="20%"|Tournament
!width="5%" |Score
!width="5%" |Ref
|-
|21 May 1963||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India||Ashim Moulik||Sporting Union||[[Calcutta Football League]]||3–0||<ref name=hattricksdebut>{{Cite web|url=https://xtratime.in/cfl-2017-what-is-the-special-record-east-bengals-vp-suhair-achieved-today/|title=CFL 2017: What is the special record East Bengal's VP Suhair achieved today?|date=12 August 2017|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131092913/https://xtratime.in/cfl-2017-what-is-the-special-record-east-bengals-vp-suhair-achieved-today/|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|19 June 1967||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India||Shibram Sarkar||Sporting Union||[[Calcutta Football League]]||4–0||<ref name=hattricksdebut/>
|-
|6 November 2004||align=left|{{flagicon|NGA}} Nigeria||[[Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma|Ernest Jeremiah]]||[[Sporting Club de Goa]]||[[Durand Cup]]||4–0||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/jeremiah-s-3-strike-debut-in-eb-victory-durand-cup-15-time-champions-to-take-on-jct-in-semi-finals/cid/1042370|title=Jeremiah?s 3-strike debut in EB victory - DURAND CUP - 15-time champions to take on JCT in semi-finals|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216035305/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/jeremiah-s-3-strike-debut-in-eb-victory-durand-cup-15-time-champions-to-take-on-jct-in-semi-finals/cid/1042370|archive-date=16 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200411.html|title=News for the month of November 2004|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808212551/http://indianfootball.de/news/m200411.html|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/nov/06dur.htm|title=East Bengal romp into semis|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131092838/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/nov/06dur.htm|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-ride-paolo-brace-durand-cup-dempo-beat-tfa-2-1/cid/1042268|title=East Bengal ride Paolo brace - DURAND CUP - Dempo beat TFA 2-1|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131093106/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/east-bengal-ride-paolo-brace-durand-cup-dempo-beat-tfa-2-1/cid/1042268|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|31 August 2010||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India||Bikash Narzinary||Mohammedan AC||[[Calcutta Football League]]||5–0||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-officials-have-decided-to-release-four-players-including-striker-Bikash-Narzinary-from-their-squad-for-this-season-Bikash-struck-a-hat-trick-in-the-very-match-he-played-for-the-club-in-the-CFL-Premier-Division-against-Mohammedan-AC-but-suffered-an-injury-soon-after-and-thus-could-not-cement-his-place-in-the-squad-/articleshow/7197918.cms|title=East Bengal officials have decided to release four players including striker Bikash Narzinary from their squad for this season. Bikash struck a hat-trick in the very match he played for the club in the CFL Premier Division against Mohammedan AC but suffered an injury soon after and thus could not cement his place in the squad. - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131063137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-officials-have-decided-to-release-four-players-including-striker-Bikash-Narzinary-from-their-squad-for-this-season-Bikash-struck-a-hat-trick-in-the-very-match-he-played-for-the-club-in-the-CFL-Premier-Division-against-Mohammedan-AC-but-suffered-an-injury-soon-after-and-thus-could-not-cement-his-place-in-the-squad-/articleshow/7197918.cms|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2010-11-squad-full-season.html|title=Where Hrisav Blogs!: East Bengal 2010-11 : SQUAD & FULL SEASON RESULTS|date=3 December 2015|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040311/http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2010-11-squad-full-season.html|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|12 August 2017||align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Suhair Vadakkepeedika]]||[[Rainbow A.C.|NBP Rainbow AC]]||[[Calcutta Football League]]||4–1||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/vp-suhair-nets-hat-trick-as-eb-make-a-flying-start/cid/1370140|title=VP Suhair nets hat-trick as EB make a flying start|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040944/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/vp-suhair-nets-hat-trick-as-eb-make-a-flying-start/cid/1370140|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Top goalscorers===
''Competitive, professional matches only.''

===All time top scorers===
[[File:Bhaichung Bhutia at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 21.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|[[Bhaichung Bhutia]], top scorer of East Bengal.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:40%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''All-time top scorers of East Bengal'''<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name="TopScorers">{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=20 April 2020|url=http://www.badgeb.com/100-years-of-glory-all-time-top-scorers-for-east-bengal-fc/|title=100 Years of Glory: All time top scorers for East Bengal FC!|work=BADGEB|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023211824/http://www.badgeb.com/100-years-of-glory-all-time-top-scorers-for-east-bengal-fc/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!width="5%"|Ranking
!width="10%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="5%"|Goals
!width="5%"|Ref.
|-
|1||align=left|{{IND}}||[[Bhaichung Bhutia]]||'''148'''||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/baichungbhutia_profile.html|title=Baichung Bhutia Profile - Indian Soccer Capital's News ::Kolkata Football|website=www.kolkatafootball.com|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114010757/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/baichungbhutia_profile.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/the-107-caps-of-bhaichung-bhutia-1567102|title=The 107 caps of Bhaichung Bhutia | Football News|website=NDTVSports.com|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180016/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/the-107-caps-of-bhaichung-bhutia-1567102|archive-date=9 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|2||align=left|{{IND}}||[[K. P. Dhanraj]]||'''124'''||<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|3||align=left|{{NGR}}||[[Chima Okorie]]||'''122'''||<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor">{{cite book |last=Saha |first=Rupak |title=East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor |publisher=The Cafe Table |date=1 January 2020 |page=392 |chapter=Top 10 Scorers |isbn=978-93-89873-21-4}}</ref><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|4||align=left|{{IND}}||[[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Mohammad Habib]]||'''112'''||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indian_football_news_live_score_2015/25th_july_2015_indian_football_news.html|title=Kolkatafootball.com|indian Football News, pic, stats, article | Indian Football News 2015.|website=www.kolkatafootball.com|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825003820/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indian_football_news_live_score_2015/25th_july_2015_indian_football_news.html|archive-date=25 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|rowspan=2|5||align=left|{{IND}}||A.C. Somana||'''105'''||<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||Ashim Moulik||'''105'''||<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|7||align=left|{{IND}}||[[Tulsidas Balaram]]||'''100'''||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/tulsidas-balaram-the-tormented-genius-of-indian-football|title=Tulsidas Balaram - The tormented genius of Indian football|date=5 October 2013|website=www.sportskeeda.com|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131201252/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/tulsidas-balaram-the-tormented-genius-of-indian-football|archive-date=31 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|rowspan=2|8||align=left|{{IND}}||Sunil Ghosh||'''94'''||<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html|title=East Bengal Club - The Official Site of East Bengal Club|website=eastbengalclub.co.in|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127034941/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html|archive-date=27 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||[[Surajit Sengupta]]||'''94'''||<ref name="East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor"/><ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|10||align=left|{{IND}}||Mohammed Akbar||'''90'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|11||align=left|{{IND}}||[[Parimal Dey]]||'''85'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|rowspan=2|12||align=left|{{IND}}||[[Pansanttom Venkatesh|P. Venkatesh]]||'''80'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||[[Subhash Bhowmick]]||'''80'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|14||align=left|{{IND}}||Kuljit Singh||'''74'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|15||align=left|{{IRN}}||[[Jamshid Nassiri]]||'''72'''||<ref name="TopScorers"/>
|-
|}

===Top scorers in Indian Super League===
:{{updated|5 May 2026}}
::''Players in '''Bold''' are part of the current squad.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:40%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''Top scorers of East Bengal in ISL'''
|-
!width="5%"|Ranking
!width="7%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="3%"|Goals
!width="3%"|Ref.
|-
|rowspan="1"|1
|align=left|{{BRA}}
|[[Cleiton Silva]]
|rowspan="1"|'''20'''
|rowspan="14"|<ref name=islgoals>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/0-128-goals-club-statistics|title=Club Stats - Goals|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419060145/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/0-128-goals-club-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=islstats>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/202-138-goals-player-statistics|title=Player Stats - Goals|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=30 June 2021|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208174139/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats/202-138-goals-player-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2
|align=left|{{IND}}
|'''[[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]'''
|rowspan="2"|'''10'''
|-
|align=left|{{ESP}}
|'''[[Youssef Ezzejjari]]'''
|-
|rowspan="1"|4
|align=left|{{IND}}
|'''[[Nandhakumar Sekar]]'''
|rowspan="1"|'''8'''
|-
|rowspan="1"|5
|align=left|{{ESP}}
|'''[[Saúl Crespo]]'''
|rowspan="1"|'''7'''
|-
|rowspan="1"|6
|align=left|{{IND}}
|'''[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]'''
|rowspan="1"|'''6'''
|-
|rowspan="4"|7
|align=left|{{GER}}
|[[Matti Steinmann]]
|rowspan="4"|'''4'''
|-
|align=left|{{CRO}}
|[[Antonio Perosevic]]
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}
|'''[[David Lalhlansanga]]'''
|-
|align=left|{{GRE}}
|[[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
|-
|}

===Top scorers in National Football League/I-League===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:40%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''Top Scorer for East Bengal in NFL/I-League'''
|-
!width="5%"|Ranking
!width="7%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="5%"|Goals
!width="5%"|Ref.
|-
|1
|align=left|{{IND}}
|[[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
|'''49'''
|<ref name=bhaichung/><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/seasons.html|title=Seasons in Indian Football|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030085057/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/seasons.html|archive-date=30 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2
|align=left|{{AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Ozbey]]
|'''35'''
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|3
|align=left|{{NGR}}
|[[Ranti Martins]]
|'''29'''
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|4
|align=left|{{NGR}}
|[[Chidi Edeh]]
|'''27'''
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|5
|align=left|{{BRA}}
|[[Edmilson Marques Pardal]]
|'''23'''
|<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2011-12-squad-full-season.html|title=Where Hrisav Blogs!: East Bengal 2011-12 : SQUAD & FULL SEASON RESULTS|date=2 December 2015|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060229/http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2011-12-squad-full-season.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|6
|align=left|{{NGR}}
|[[Mike Okoro]]
|'''21'''
|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|rowspan="2"|7
|align=left|{{IND}}
|[[Raman Vijayan]]
|rowspan="2"|'''20'''
|rowspan="2"|<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|align=left|{{GHA}}
|[[Yusif Yakubu]]
|-
|9
|align=left|{{IND}}
|[[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]
|'''19'''
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://hrisav.blogspot.com/p/east-bengal-fc_6.html|title=Where Hrisav Blogs!: East Bengal FC|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112021400/http://hrisav.blogspot.com/p/east-bengal-fc_6.html|archive-date=12 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|10
|align=left|{{NGR}}
|[[Dudu Omagbemi]]
|'''18'''
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|}

===Top scorers in Calcutta League===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:40%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''Top Scorer for East Bengal in Calcutta League'''
|-
!width="5%"|Ranking
!width="7%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="5%"|Goals
!width="5%"|Ref.
|-
|-
|1||align=left|{{IND}}||A.C. Somana||'''85'''||<ref name=timeline/><ref name=Hariprasad/>
|-
|2||align=left|{{IND}}||Sunil Ghosh||'''75'''||<ref name=Hariprasad>{{cite book |last=Chattopadhyay |first=Hariprasad |title=Mohun Bagan-East Bengal |publisher=Parul Prakashan |date=1 January 2017 |page=200 |chapter=East Bengal }}</ref>
|-
|3||align=left|{{IND}}||[[K. P. Dhanraj]]||'''70'''||<ref name=Hariprasad/>
|-
|rowspan="2"|4||align=left|{{IND}}||Surjo Chakraborty||'''62'''||<ref name=Hariprasad/>
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||[[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Mohammad Habib]]||'''62'''||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/legends-of-indian-football-mohammad-habib/|title=Legends Of Indian Football : Mohammad Habib|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|date=19 July 2014|website=Thehardtackle.com|access-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112095011/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/legends-of-indian-football-mohammad-habib/|archive-date=12 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Hariprasad/>
|-
|}
----

===Appearance records===
[[File:KEBTeam2013.jpg|thumb|180px|upright|[[Mehtab Hossain]] (bottom right) in 2013 with East Bengal.]]
[[File:Sanju Pradhan.jpg|thumb|180px|upright|[[Sanju Pradhan]] in 2011 with East Bengal.]]
[[File:Saumik Dey.jpg|thumb|180px|upright|[[Saumik Dey]] in 2011 with East Bengal.]]

* Most appearances in Indian Super League: [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]], 82.<ref name=islstats/>
* Most appearances in I-League: [[Mehtab Hossain]], 175.<ref name=mehtab>{{soccerway|methab-hussain/72896}}</ref>
* Most appearances in AFC Cup: Mehtab Hossain, 34.<ref name=afcapps>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=20 May 2020|url=https://www.badgeb.com/east-bengal-fc-top-5-players-with-most-appearances-in-the-afc-cup/|title=East Bengal FC: Top 5 players with most appearances in the AFC Cup!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023060035/https://www.badgeb.com/east-bengal-fc-top-5-players-with-most-appearances-in-the-afc-cup/|archive-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
* Youngest player to play for East Bengal in Indian Super League: Vanlalpeka Guite, 16 years and 334 days (against [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]], 25 September 2023).{{efn|Vanlalpeka Guite became the youngest ever player to debut in the [[Indian Super League]] for East Bengal when he came on in place of [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] against [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] on 25 September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 September 2023|url=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=20844|title=East Bengal FC 0-0 Jamshedpur FC|work=i-league|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref>}}
* Youngest player to start for East Bengal in Indian Super League: [[Haobam Singh|Haobam Tomba Singh]], 17 years and 306 days (against [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]], 20 December 2020).{{efn|[[Haobam Singh|Haobam Tomba Singh]] became the youngest ever player to start for a team in the [[Indian Super League]] when he debuted against [[Kerala Blasters FC]] on 20 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/17837-isl-2020--kerala-blasters-pull-even-in-added-time-against-sc-east-bengal|title=ISL 2020 -- Kerala Blasters pull even in added time against SC East Bengal|work=The Fan Garage|access-date=21 December 2020|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228145332/https://thefangarage.com/articles/17837-isl-2020--kerala-blasters-pull-even-in-added-time-against-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

====Most appearances in Indian Super League====

The list of players with the most appearances in the Indian Super League for East Bengal. Indian midfielder [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]] holds the record with 82 total appearances with 70 from the starting line-up for the club.<ref name=islstats/>

:Player names in '''bold''' are part of the current squad.
:{{updated|5 May 2026}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:70%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="7"|'''List of players with most appearances in the [[Indian Super League]] for East Bengal'''
|-
!width="5%"|SL no.
!width="8%"|Position
!width="17%"|Nationality
!width="30%"|Name
!width="10%"|Total Apps
!width="5%"|Starts
!width="15%"|Seasons Played
|-
| 1 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]''' || 82 || 70 || ''2021–''
|-
| 2 || [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Lalchungnunga]]''' || 59 || 53 || ''2022–''
|-
| 3 || [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil || [[Cleiton Silva]] || 59 || 51 || 2022–25
|-
| 4 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Souvik Chakrabarti]]''' || 53 || 38 || ''2022–''
|-
| 5 || [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]]''' || 52 || 52 || ''2023–''
|-
| 6 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]''' || 51 || 31 || ''2023–''
|-
| 7 || [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Mohammad Rakip]]''' || 48 || 33 || ''2022–''
|-
| 8 || [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || '''[[Nandhakumar Sekar]]''' || 45 || 31 || ''2023–''
|-
| 9 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ESP}} Spain || '''[[Saúl Crespo]]''' || 34 || 33 || ''2023–''
|-
| 10 || [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Nishu Kumar]] || 33 || 25 || 2023–25
|-
|}

====Most Appearances in I-League====

The list of players with the most number of appearances in the [[I-League]] era for East Bengal, starting from [[2007-08 I-League]] till [[2019-20 I-League]] before the Red and Gold brigade moved into [[Indian Super League]]. Indian former International and former East Bengal captain [[Mehtab Hossain]] holds the record for the most appearances for the East Bengal having made 175 total appearances with 165 starts.<ref name=mehtab/><ref name=stats/>

:Player names in '''bold''' are still part of the current squad.
:{{updated|till the end of [[2019–20 I-League]] season.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:70%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="7"|'''List of players with most appearances in the [[I-League]] (2007–2020) for East Bengal'''
|-
!width="5%"|SL no.
!width="10%"|Position
!width="10%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="10%"|Total Apps
!width="5%"|Starts
!width="15%"|Seasons Played
|-
| 1 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Mehtab Hossain]] || 175 || 165 || 2007–17
|-
| 2 || [[Fullback (association football)|Left Back]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Saumik Dey]] || 115 || 111 || 2007–16
|-
| 3 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Harmanjot Khabra]] || 113 || 96 || 2009–16
|-
| 4 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Sanju Pradhan]] || 104 || 65 || 2008–13 2015–16
|-
| 5 || [[Centre-back]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria || [[Uga Okpara]] || 95 || 94 || 2009–14
|-
| 6 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Lalrindika Ralte]] || 92 || 75 || 2012–17 2018–20
|-
| 7 || [[Centre-back]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Arnab Mondal]] || 86 || 81 || 2012–18
|-
| 8 || [[Centre-back]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Gurwinder Singh]] || 83 || 71 || 2010–18 2019–20
|-
| 9 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} India || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 75 || 73 || 2007–11
|-
| 10 || [[Midfielder]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria || [[Penn Orji]] || 72 || 69 || 2010–13
|-
|}

===Most uninterrupted seasons played===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:65%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="6"|'''List of East Bengal players with most uninterrupted number of seasons played'''<ref name="TeamArchives">{{cite web |url=https://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/team-archives.php |title=TEAM ARCHIVES - East Bengal FC |access-date=1 July 2021 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609144422/https://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/team-archives.php |archive-date=9 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="TeamArchives2">{{cite web |url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/teamarchives.html |title=TEAM ARCHIVES - East Bengal FC |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108213722/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/teamarchives.html |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
!width="5%"|SL no.
!width="15%"|Name
!width="10%"|Position
!width="15%"|Years of Playing
!width="10%"|Playing Years
!width="10%"|Captained
|-
|1||Moni Talukdar||Goal Keeper||1920–1937||18||1932,1933
|-
|2||Dulal Guha Thakurta||Forward||1927-1942||16||1935,1936
|-
|3||Rakhal Majumdar||Defender||1937-1952||16||1943
|-
|4||Mandipalli Apparao||Forward||1941-1955||15||1946
|-
|5||[[Tushar Rakshit]]||Midfielder||1991-2005||15||1995
|-
|6||Noni Gossain||Center Half||1921-1934||14||1926
|-
|7||[[Monoranjan Bhattacharya]]||Defender||1977-1990||14||1981
|-
|8||[[Alvito D'Cunha]]||Midfielder||2002-2015||14||2006
|-
|9||Bhanu Dutta Ray||Defender||1922-1934||13||1923
|-
|10||Promod Dasgupta||Defender||1936-1948||13||1938,1939,1940
|-
|11||[[Tarun Dey]]||Defender||1982-1994||13||1986
|-
|12||[[Saumik Dey]]||Defender||2005-2016||12||2010
|-
|13||[[Ram Bahadur Chettri|Ram Bahadur]]||Midfielder||1957-1967||11||1960
|-
|14||[[Mehtab Hossain]]||Midfielder||2007-2017||11||2013-14
|-
|15||Sunil Ghosh||Forward||1940-1949||10||1944
|-
|16||[[Byomkesh Bose]]||Defender||1949-1958||10||1951
|-
|17||[[Dipankar Roy]]||Midfielder||1999-2009||10||2005
|-
|}

{{notelist}}

===East Bengal players at the Olympics===

East Bengal club holds the record among Indian clubs to produce most players to have represented the national team in the [[Olympic Games]].<ref name=olympics>{{cite tweet|user=gautamfootball|author=Gautam Roy|date=1 Aug 2021|number=1421681013986496513|title=East Bengal Club have produced maximum of 13 Olympians - SM Kaiser (1948), Byomkesh Bose, Chandan Singh, S.Roy, P.Venkatesh, Ahmed Khan, PBA Saleh (1952), Kempiah, J.Kittu (1956), T, Balaram, Arun Ghosh, Ram Bahadur, D.Kannan (1960)- MEMORABLE PERFORMANCE BY INDIANS IN OLYMPICS # INDIANSPORTS|url=https://twitter.com/gautamfootball/status/1421681013986496513|accessdate=8 Sep 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:40%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="6"|'''List of East Bengal players to represent the national team at the Olympics'''<ref name=olympics/>
|-
!width="5%"|Year
!width="10%"|City
!width="1%"|Nationality
!width="15%"|Name
!width="5%"|Position
|-
|[[Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]]||[[1948 Summer Olympics|London]]||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[S. M. Kaiser|Syed M. Kaiser]]||MF
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952]]||rowspan="6"|[[1952 Summer Olympics|Helsinki]]||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||S. Roy||DF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Chandan Singh Rawat]]||DF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Byomkesh Bose]]||MF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]||FW
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]||FW
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[P. B. A. Saleh]]||FW
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Association football at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956]]||rowspan="2"|[[1956 Summer Olympics|Melbourne]]||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Mariappa Kempaiah]]||MF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[J. Krishnaswamy|Kittu]]||FW
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960]]||rowspan="4"|[[1960 Summer Olympics|Rome]]||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Arun Ghosh]]||DF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Ram Bahadur Chettri]]||MF
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Dharmalingam Kannan]]||FW
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} India||[[Tulsidas Balaram]]||FW
|-
|}

==Transfer records==
The fees in the record transfer tables below are all sourced from news portals that cover Indian football.

===Record transfer fees paid===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Record transfer fees paid by East Bengal FC
|-
!scope=col|Rank
!scope=col|Player
!scope=col|From
!scope=col|Fee
!scope=col|Date
!scope=col|Ref.
|-
|1
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeakson Singh]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|{{INRConvert|3.2|c}}
|19 July 2024
|<ref name=jeaksonkhelnow>{{cite web|first=Ashish|last=Negi|date=18 July 2024|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2024-25-jeakson-singh-east-bengal-details-202407|title=East Bengal to pay record-breaking Rs 3.2+ crores transfer fee for Jeakson Singh|work=Khel Now|accessdate=18 July 2024|archive-date=18 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718114212/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2024-25-jeakson-singh-east-bengal-details-202407|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
| [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| {{INRConvert|2.5|c}}
| 13 August 2024
|<ref name=anwarali>{{cite web|first=Ashish|last=Negi|date=12 August 2024|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-anwar-ali-east-bengal-contract-details-202408|title=Anwar Ali joins East Bengal from Delhi FC for Rs 2.5 crores transfer fee; signs five-year deal|work=KhelNow|accessdate=12 August 2024|archive-date=13 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813025206/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-anwar-ali-east-bengal-contract-details-202408|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|3
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jay Gupta]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{INRConvert|1.6|c}}
| 15 July 2025
|<ref name=jaygupta>{{cite web|first=Negi|last=Ashish|date=15 July 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2025-26-east-bengal-jay-gupta-signing|title=ISL outfit East Bengal rope in FC Goa defender Jay Gupta for massive 1.6 Cr|work=Khel Now|accessdate=15 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|4
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}}
| 12 July 2023
|<ref name=prabhsukhangill>{{cite web|first=Liven|last=Bose|date=10 July 2023|url=https://iftwc.com/isl-east-bengal-fc-signs-prabhsukhan-gill/|title=ISL – East Bengal FC signs Prabhsukhan Gill|work=IFTWC|accessdate=10 July 2023|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710114757/https://iftwc.com/isl-east-bengal-fc-signs-prabhsukhan-gill/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|5
!scope=row| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Edmund Lalrindika]]
| [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
| {{INRConvert|1.45|c}}
| 14 May 2025
|<ref name=edmundtf>{{cite web|author=Anuj T|date=14 May 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-edmund-lalrindika-joins-east-bengal-fc-202505|title=Inter Kashi's Edmund Lalrindika joins East Bengal FC for Rs 1.45 crores transfer fee|work=Khel Now|accessdate=14 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Coaching records==
{{main|List of East Bengal Club coaches}}
[[File:P. K. Banerjee at the Rome Olympics.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|[[P. K. Banerjee]] during his playing days for the [[Indian national football team]].]]
[[File:Syed Nayeemuddin - South 24 Parganas 2016-02-14 1242.JPG|thumb|200px|upright|[[Syed Nayeemuddin]], the triple crown winning coach in 2016.]]
[[File:Trevor Morgan (footballer).jpg|thumb|200px|upright|[[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor James Morgan]] as the East Bengal coach in 2010.]]
[[File:Zico.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|East Bengal coach [[Armando Colaco]] with Brazilian legend [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]] at the club tent in 2014.]]
[[File:Alejandro Menéndez with coach of the month award.png|thumb|200px|upright|[[Alejandro Menéndez]] with I-League coach of the month award (December 2019) in January 2020.]]
[[File:Fowler, Robbie.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|[[Robbie Fowler]], Head-coach of East Bengal in the [[2020-21 SC East Bengal season|2020–21]] season.]]

===Firsts===
* First coach to be appointed professionally: [[Sushil Bhattacharya]], 1961.<ref>{{cite web|first=Rith|last=Basu|date=9 Sep 2012|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/champion-of-champions-with-cup-full-of-firsts/cid/1283799|title=Champion of champions with cup full of firsts|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706122945/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/champion-of-champions-with-cup-full-of-firsts/cid/1283799|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Atanu|last=Mitra|date=19 Jul 2015|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/19/13704072/legendary-indian-coach-sushil-bhattacharya-passes-away|title=Legendary Indian coach Sushil Bhattacharya passes away|work=Goal|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306221511/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/19/13704072/legendary-indian-coach-sushil-bhattacharya-passes-away|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Choudhury|date=21 July 2015|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/sushil-bhattacharya-india-first-women-football-national-team-coach-dies|title=India's first women's football national team coach Sushil Bhattacharya passed away|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=16 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616054223/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/sushil-bhattacharya-india-first-women-football-national-team-coach-dies|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First coach of foreign nationality: [[Philippe De Ridder]], 2005.<ref>{{cite web|first=Asish|last=Peter|date=21 August 2018|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ae/news/foreign-coaches-kolkata-i-league-success/12beadc04ts561rs481mpuk1cg|title=I-League: Foreign coaches draw up a mixed bag in the world of Kolkata football|work=Goal|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133853/https://www.goal.com/en-ae/news/foreign-coaches-kolkata-i-league-success/12beadc04ts561rs481mpuk1cg|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=foreigncoaches>{{cite web|first=Sudeshna|last=Ghoshal|date=27 May 2020|url=https://sportsrazzi.com/list-of-great-east-bengal-coach-to-manage-the-team-so-far/|title=GREAT EAST BENGAL COACH TO MANAGE THE TEAM SO FAR|work=SportsRazzi|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706121541/https://sportsrazzi.com/list-of-great-east-bengal-coach-to-manage-the-team-so-far/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First coach to win the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]: [[Monoranjan Bhattacharya]], [[2000-01 National Football League (India)|2000-01]].<ref name=firstnflwin/>
* First coach to win the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]: [[Arun Ghosh]], 1978.<ref name=fedwins/>
* First coach to win the [[Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)|Indian Super Cup]]: Monoranjan Bhattacharya, 1997.<ref name=supercuplist/>
* First coach to win the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]: [[Carles Cuadrat]], [[2024 Indian Super Cup|2024]].<ref name=kalingasupercup/>

===Records===
* Longest serving coach: [[P. K. Banerjee]], 396 matches.{{efn|[[P. K. Banerjee]] served as the head coach of East Bengal for 9 seasons: 1972–76, 1980–81, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1988–90. He was also appointed as the Technical Director of the team in 1996–97.<ref name=pkb>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=20 March 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/pk-banerjee-death-mohun-bagan-east-bengal-indian-football-career-olympics-rome-1960-melbourne-1956/article31097881.ece|title=Obit: The incomparable P. K. of Indian football|work=Sportstar|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025224253/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/pk-banerjee-death-mohun-bagan-east-bengal-indian-football-career-olympics-rome-1960-melbourne-1956/article31097881.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=golden70s/>}}
* Most matches won as head coach: P. K. Bannerjee, 292 matches.<ref name=pkb/>
* Most trophies won as head coach: P. K. Bannerjee, 31.<ref name=pkb/>
* Most trophies won in a single stint as head coach: P. K. Bannerjee, 16 (During 1972–76).<ref name=pkb/><ref name=golden70s/>
* Most NFL/I-League won as head coach: [[Subhash Bhowmick]], 2.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=16 Apr 2021|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/i-league-nfl-history-successful-coaches-indian-football/cwzm10cj153g10ijg59h91a0q|title=Indian Football: The most successful coaches in I-League/NFL history|work=Goal|accessdate=1 Jul 2021|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416175940/https://www.goal.com//en-in/lists/i-league-nfl-history-successful-coaches-indian-football/cwzm10cj153g10ijg59h91a0q|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most Federation cups won as head coach: P. K. Banerjee and [[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor James Morgan]], 2.<ref name=fedwins/>
* Most Calcutta League won as head coach: P. K. Banerjee, 7.{{efn-ua|[[P. K. Banerjee]] won 7 [[Calcutta Football League]] titles as the head coach of East Bengal club: 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1985, 1988, 1989.<ref name="auto5"/>}}
* Most international trophies won as head coach: Subhash Bhowmick, 2.{{efn-ua|Subhash Bhowmick led East Bengal to two titles on foreign soil: [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]], Jakarta and 2004 San Miguel International Cup, Kathmandu.<ref name=asean/><ref name=sanmiguel/>}}
* Coaches who won the Triple Crown: P. K. Banerjee and [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (in 1972–73 and 1990–91 respectively).<ref name=golden70s/><ref>{{cite tweet|user=sc_eastbengal|title=Here's celebrating our two triple-crown members - P.K. Banerjee (1972) and Syed Nayeemuddin (1990).|date=7 Nov 2020|number=1325097039789699072|accessdate=7 Jul 2021}}</ref>

{{notelist}}

===Managers at East Bengal since the start of National Football League===
{{#section-h:List of East Bengal Club coaches|Record for East Bengal coaches}}

===Foreign managers at East Bengal===
{{#section-h:List of SC East Bengal coaches|Record for foreign coaches}}

===Most successful managers at East Bengal===
{{#section-h:List of SC East Bengal coaches|Most successful East Bengal coaches}}

===Most trophies won in a single stint===
{{#section-h:List of SC East Bengal coaches|Most Trophies Won in a Single Stint}}

==Club records==
{{See also|List of East Bengal Club seasons|List of East Bengal Club captains}}

===Matches===
[[File:East Bengal FC players and officials.jpg|thumb|300px|upright|East Bengal players and officials in 1921.]]

====Firsts====
* First match: East Bengal 4–0 Metropolitan College, 12 August 1920.{{efn-ua|East Bengal formed on 1 August 1920, participated in the 6-a-side Hercules Cup tournament held at the Kumartuli Ground as they debuted into football.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eastbengalclubrecords.wordpress.com/2014/11/page/3/|title=THE FIRST TOURNAMENT, THE FIRST CUP, THE FIRST MATCH – 1920|work=East Bengal Club, India - Records, Funs and Facts|access-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204145/https://eastbengalclubrecords.wordpress.com/2014/11/page/3/}}</ref>}}<ref name=itihaseeb>{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=Itihase East Bengal|year=2000|publisher=Deep|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali|page=200}}</ref>
* First Calcutta League 2nd Div match: East Bengal 0–0 [[Shobhabazar|Sobhabazar Club]], 1 May 1921.<ref name=rcgoswami>{{cite book |last=Goswami |first=Ramesh Chandra |title=East Bengal Cluber Itihas |language=bn |publisher=Book Garden |date=1 April 1963 |page=25 |chapter=2 }}</ref><ref name=Hariprasad/>
* First Calcutta League 1st Div match: East Bengal 1–4 [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|Calcutta FC]], 9 May 1925.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=Hariprasad/>
* First win in Calcutta League 1st Div: East Bengal 2–1 [[Dalhousie A.C.|Dalhousie]], 25 May 1925.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=Hariprasad/><ref name=firstwinsall>{{cite tweet|user=sc_eastbengal|title=1st wins for us in various competitions|number=1345729633069588485|date=3 Jan 2021}}</ref>
* First IFA Shield match: East Bengal 1–1 Town Club, 20 July 1921.<ref name=rcgoswami/>
* First Durand Cup match: East Bengal 2–0 Army Headquarters FC, 1926.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=firstwinsall/>
* First Rovers Cup match: East Bengal 6–0 Royal Navy, 6 September 1941.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=firstwinsall/>
* First Federation Cup match: East Bengal 5–0 Rajasthan Police, 22 April 1978.<ref name=fedwins/><ref name=firstwinsall/>
* First NFL / I-League match: [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] 1–2 East Bengal, 17 December 1996.<ref name=firstnfl>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1996-97nl.html|title=1st "Philips" National Football League 1996/97|work=IndianFootball.de|accessdate=30 June 2021|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203135801/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/1996-97nl.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First Indian Super League match: East Bengal 0–2 [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]], 27 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/krishna-and-manvir-help-mohun-bagan-beat-sc-east-bengal-in-hero-isls-first-kolkata-derby|title=Krishna and Manvir help Mohun Bagan beat East Bengal in Hero ISL's first Kolkata derby|work=Indian Super League|date=27 November 2020|access-date=30 June 2021|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127201045/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/krishna-and-manvir-help-mohun-bagan-beat-sc-east-bengal-in-hero-isls-first-kolkata-derby|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First win in Indian Super League match: East Bengal 3–1 [[Odisha FC|Odisha]], 3 January 2021.<ref name=islfirstwin>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Venkat|date=4 Jan 2021|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-first-win-odisha-fc-mohun-bagan|title=ISL: East Bengal's first win a New Year's gift for fans, takes load off Robbie Fowler|work=Olympics|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702131112/https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-first-win-odisha-fc-mohun-bagan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/sc-east-bengal-beat-odisha-to-pick-up-first-win-of-the-season|title=SC East Bengal beat Odisha to pick up first win of the season|work=Indian Super League|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103155244/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/sc-east-bengal-beat-odisha-to-pick-up-first-win-of-the-season|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First competitive Continental match: East Bengal 7–0 [[New Road Team]], 1 August 1985.{{efn-ua|name=CocaCola|The '''Coca-Cola Cup''' - Central Asia Zone Preliminary Tournament for the [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship]] was held in Colombo.<ref name=cocacolacup/>}}<ref name=afcresults/>

====Wins====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:90%; text-align:left"
|-
!colspan=6 align=centre|'''Highest margin of victories in different tournaments'''
|-
!width="17%"|Tournament
!width="12%"|Date
!width="11%"|Opponent
!width="5%" |Score
!width="57%"|Goal scorers
!width="5%" |Ref
|-
! [[Rovers Cup]]
| 23 September 1945 || [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway|B.B & C.I. Railway]] || 11–0 || Sunil Ghosh (2), [[Fred Pugsley]] (8), Sushil Chatterjee || <ref name="Record margin">{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/miscellaneous-stat.html|title=Highest Margin of Victory in All Tournaments|work=East Bengal Club|date=17 July 2019|access-date=17 July 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717120239/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/miscellaneous-stat.html|archive-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="3"| [[Calcutta Football League]]
| 10 June 1943 || [[Dalhousie A.C.|Dalhousie]] || 10–0 || A. C. Somana (4), Arokiraj (4), Appa Rao (2) || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
| 28 June 1949 || Calcutta Garrison || 10–0 || [[P.B.A. Saleh]] (3), Abid (4), [[K. P. Dhanraj]] (2), [[Pansanttom Venkatesh|P. Venkatesh]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
| 26 September 2023 || [[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]] || 10–1 || [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]] (4), Mahitosh Roy (3), [[Jesin TK]], [[V. P. Suhair]] (2) || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[Durand Cup]]
| 26 December 1972 || B.B.Star || 10–0 || Md. Akbar (4), [[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Md. Habib]] (2), Mohan Singh, Latifuddin, Shambu Moitra, Samaresh Chowdhury || <ref name="Record margin"/><ref name=golden70s>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=12 Apr 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-east-bengal-golden-era/sm5c7t807v011wmkp5wjj6zvs|title=Indian Football: Down the memory lane - East Bengal's 'Golden era' of 1970s|work=Goal|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301125229/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-east-bengal-golden-era/sm5c7t807v011wmkp5wjj6zvs|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[IFA Shield]]
| 14 July 1936 || Victoria Sporting || 9–0 || N. Majumdar (3), P. Mukherjee (2), [[S. M. Kaiser]], Dulal Guha Thakurta, A. Hussain, Hira Das || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
| 22 September 2003 || [[Wari AC|Wari]] || 9–0 || [[Dipankar Roy]] (4), [[Bijen Singh]] (2), [[Kalia Kulothungan]], [[Douglas De Silva]], [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-thrash-Wari-9-0/articleshow/196078.cms|title=East Bengal thrash Wari 9-0 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627184727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-thrash-Wari-9-0/articleshow/196078.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-in-semis-with-goal-deluge-ifa-shield-hapless-wari-watch-asean-champions-return-to-scoring-ways-in-9-0-mismatch/cid/1040231|title=EB in semis with goal deluge - IFA SHIELD - Hapless Wari watch ASEAN champions return to scoring ways in 9-0 mismatch|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095428/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/eb-in-semis-with-goal-deluge-ifa-shield-hapless-wari-watch-asean-champions-return-to-scoring-ways-in-9-0-mismatch/cid/1040231|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[AFC Champions League|Asian Club Championship]]
| 10 August 1985 || [[Club Valencia]] || 9–0 || Debashis Roy (3), [[Jamshid Nassiri]] (2), Monojit Das (2), Debashis Misra, Samir Chaudhury || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| 15 August 1997 || [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]] || 8–0 || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (2), Somatai Shaiza, [[Naushad Moosa]], Preto Garcia, Nazimul Haq, Falguni Dutta, A. Sarvanan || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
!rowspan="1"| DCM Trophy
| 16 October 1960 || D.F.A. Jalandhar || 8–0 || Kanayan (3), [[Dharmalingam Kannan|D. Kannan]] (3), Narayan, [[Tulsidas Balaram]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
![[I-League]]
| 23 November 2011 || [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]] || 8–1 || [[Tolgay Ozbey]] (4), [[Uga Okpara]] (2), [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]], [[Baljit Sahni]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/East-Bengal-thump-HAL-8-1-in-I-League/articleshow/10846121.cms|title=East Bengal thump HAL 8-1 in I-League - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115033503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/East-Bengal-thump-HAL-8-1-in-I-League/articleshow/10846121.cms|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[Indian Super League]]
| 23 March 2026 || [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] || 7–0 || [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]] (2), [[Youssef Ezzejjari]] (2), [[Saúl Crespo]], [[Vishnu P. V.|P. V. Vishnu]], [[Nandhakumar Sekar]] || <ref name=EBFCMDSC2026>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=23 March 2026|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-east-bengal-vs-mohammedan-sc-ezzejjari-anwar-seven-goals-red-card-goals-score-report/article70776764.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: East Bengal thrashes Mohammedan Sporting 7-0 to keep title hopes alive|work=Sportstar|accessdate=24 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="3"| [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| 22 April 1978 || Rajasthan Police || 5–0 || [[Surajit Sengupta]], Ranjit Mukherjee, [[Mihir Bose (footballer)|Mihir Bose]], [[Narayanswami Ulaganathan|Ulganathan]], [[Prasanta Banerjee]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
| 28 August 1998 || [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]] || 5–0 || [[Raman Vijayan]] (2), [[Renedy Singh]] (2), [[Carlton Chapman]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
| 31 July 2003 || [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]] || 5–0 || [[Bijen Singh]] (2), Chandan Das (2), [[Dipankar Roy]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
!rowspan="1"| [[AFC Cup]]
| 15 May 2013 || [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]] || 5–1 || [[Chidi Edeh]] (3), [[Penn Orji]], [[Mehtab Hossain]] || <ref name="Record margin"/>
|-
|}

====Defeats====
* Worst defeat: [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]] 13–1 East Bengal, 6 September 1953.{{efn-ua|Friendly Match, at the [[Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium|Dynamo Stadium]] in [[Kyiv]] in East Bengal Club's tour to USSR in 1953.<ref name=snhistory>{{cite web|author=Armband|date=9 November 2019|url=https://www.sports-nova.com/2019/11/09/east-bengal-football-club-history-and-emergence-as-indian-superpower/|title=East Bengal Football Club : History and Emergence as Indian Superpower|work=Sports Nova|accessdate=30 June 2021|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609193043/https://www.sports-nova.com/2019/11/09/east-bengal-football-club-history-and-emergence-as-indian-superpower/}}</ref>}}
* Worst defeat in Calcutta League: [[Dalhousie A.C.|Dalhousie]] 7–1 East Bengal, 1928<ref name=rcgoswami/>
* Worst defeat in Indian Super League:
: East Bengal 0–4 [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]], 24 January 2022 (During the [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]] season).<ref>{{cite web|author=ISL Media Team|date=24 Jan 2022|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/clinical-hyderabad-fc-dominate-sc-east-bengal-to-claim-pole-position-in-the-league-table|title=Clinical Hyderabad FC dominate SC East Bengal to claim pole position in the league table|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=24 Jan 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124202534/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/clinical-hyderabad-fc-dominate-sc-east-bengal-to-claim-pole-position-in-the-league-table|url-status=live}}</ref>
: [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] 4–0 East Bengal, 8 March 2025 (During the [[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]] season).<ref>{{cite web|author=ISL Media Team|date=8 March 2025|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/report-ajaraie-nets-double-as-northeast-united-fc-breeze-past-east-bengal-fc|title=REPORT: AJARAIE NETS DOUBLE AS NORTHEAST UNITED FC BREEZE PAST EAST BENGAL FC|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref>
* Worst defeat in NFL/I-League:
: [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] 5–1 East Bengal, 30 May 2015 (During the [[2014-15 I-League|2014–15]] season).<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=30 May 2015|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/i-league-shillong-lajong-fc-thrash-east-bengal-5-1-1036368.html|title=I-League: Shillong Lajong FC thrash East Bengal 5-1|work=News 18|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133817/https://www.news18.com/news/football/i-league-shillong-lajong-fc-thrash-east-bengal-5-1-1036368.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
: [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] 4–0 East Bengal, 29 December 2011 (During the [[2011-12 I-League|2011–12]] season).<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=29 December 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/i-league-salgaocar-thrash-10-man-east-bengal-4-0/articleshow/11295259.cms|title=I-League: Salgaocar thrash 10-man East Bengal 4-0|work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=28 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228042042/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/I-League-Salgaocar-thrash-10-man-East-Bengal-4-0/articleshow/11295259.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Worst defeat in Continental competitions: [[Dalian Wanda F.C.|Dalian Wanda]] 6–0 East Bengal, 19 September 1998 (During the [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship]]).<ref name=afcresults>{{cite web|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|date=1 April 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz|title=How have Indian clubs fared in AFC Champions League and AFC Cup?|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415045019/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Consecutive titles====
* Most consecutive [[National Football League (India)|NFL]]/[[I-League]] titles: 2 ([[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03]], [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]]) '''shared record'''.<ref name=nflrecord/>
* Most consecutive [[Calcutta Football League]] titles: 8 (2010 to 2017) '''record'''.<ref name=cfl8times/>
* Most consecutive [[IFA Shield]] titles: 5 (1972 to 1976).<ref name=ifashieldchamps/>
* Most consecutive [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] titles: 2 ([[2009–10 Indian Federation Cup|2009–10]], [[2010 Indian Federation Cup|2010]]).<ref name=fedchamps/>
* Most consecutive [[Durand Cup]] titles: 3 (1989 to 1991) '''shared record'''.<ref name=durandchamps/>
* Most consecutive [[Rovers Cup]] titles: 2 (1973, 1974).<ref name=roverschamps/>

====Undefeated/winning streaks====
* Longest undefeated streak in all competitions: 57 matches, (47 wins, 10 draws).{{efn-ua|East Bengal remained unbeaten in 57 matches from the start of 1972 season, from 23 May 1972 until their 2–1 loss in the 16th match of 1973 [[Calcutta Football League]] against Khidirpore on 13 July 1973. East Bengal remained unbeaten in: 19 matches in 1972 Calcutta League, 4 matches in 1972 [[Bordoloi Trophy]], 5 matches in 1972 [[IFA Shield]], 7 matches in 1972 [[Durand Cup]], 7 matches in 1972 [[Rovers Cup]] and 15 matches in the 1973 Calcutta League before losing against Khidirpore.<ref name=pkb/>}} '''record'''.<ref name=pkb/>
* Longest undefeated streak in Calcutta Football League: 98 matches, (85 wins, 13 draws).{{efn-ua|East Bengal gave a walkover to Mohun Bagan in the 11th game of the 1968 Calcutta League on 21 September 1968. They won their next game 2–1 against Khidirpore on 9 August 1968 and since then, they were defeated once again after 5 years, in the 16th match of 1973 Calcutta League against Khidirpore 13 July 1973 by a 1–2 scoreline. In between these games, East Bengal played 98 matches in the Calcutta League where they won 85 and drew 13 of the matches without tasting a single defeat. The record of facing defeat by playing on-field dates further back as East Bengal lost 0–1 to Mohun Bagan in the last match of the 1967 Calcutta League on 10 September 1967. Since then, the Red and Gold brigade played 108 matches, where they won 94 and drew 14 of them.<ref name=pkb/>}} '''record'''.<ref name=pkb/>
* Longest undefeated streak in Indian Super League: 7 matches, (2 wins, 5 draws).{{efn-ua|East Bengal played their 6th match vs [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] on 20 December 2020, which they drew 1–1 and continued their unbeaten run till their 12th match vs [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] on 18 January 2021, which East Bengal once again drew 0–0, in [[2020–21 Indian Super League|2020–21 ISL]]. They managed 2 wins and 5 draws in the unbeaten streak. They lost 0–1 against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] on 22 January 2020 and thus ended their unbeaten run.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/falls-header-the-difference-as-mumbai-city-overcome-sc-east-bengal|title=Fall's header the difference as Mumbai City overcome SC East Bengal|work=Indian Super League|date=2021-01-22|access-date=2021-07-01|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122173442/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/falls-header-the-difference-as-mumbai-city-overcome-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Longest undefeated streak in NFL / I-League: 22 matches, (17 wins, 5 draws).{{efn-ua|East Bengal played their 18th match in the [[2001-02 National Football League (India)|2001-02 NFL]] on 27 March 2002 vs [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]], which they won 4–0 and continued their unbeaten run till their 17th match in the [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002-03 NFL]] on 1 March 2003 vs [[Tollygunge Agragami]], which they won 2–0. They managed 17 wins and 5 draws in the unbeaten steak. East Bengal lost 2–0 against [[JCT Mills|JCT]] on 5 March 2003 and thus ended their unbeaten run.<ref name="stats"/>}} '''record'''.<ref name=ILrecords>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/about-us/history-of-i-league/|title=HISTORY OF I-LEAGUE|work=I-League|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161729/https://i-league.org/about-us/history-of-i-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Longest undefeated streak in NFL / I-League in a single campaign: 17 matches, (13 wins, 4 draws).{{efn-ua|East Bengal remained unbeaten in the [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002-03 NFL]] from their first match on 8 December 2002 vs [[Mohun Bagan]], which they won 2–0 and continued their unbeaten run till their 17th match on 1 March 2003 vs [[Tollygunge Agragami]], which they won 2–0. They managed 13 wins and 4 draws in the unbeaten steak. East Bengal lost 2–0 against [[JCT Mills|JCT]] on 5 March 2003 and thus ended their unbeaten run.<ref name=ILrecords/>}}<ref name="stats"/>
* Longest winning streak in NFL / I-League: 6 matches (During the [[2010-11 I-League|2010-11]] season).{{efn-ua|East Bengal won the first six matches in the [[2010-11 I-League]]. They played their first match vs [[ONGC F.C.]] on 4 December 2010, in which they won 1–0 and continued their winning streak till their 6th match vs [[Air India F.C.]] on 29 December 2010, which they won 6–1. East Bengal drew 1–1 against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] in their 7th match on 4 January 2011 and thus halted their winning streak.<ref>{{cite web|first=Hrisav|last=Bhowmick|date=3 Dec 2015|url=http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2010-11-squad-full-season.html|title=East Bengal 2010-11 : SQUAD & FULL SEASON RESULTS|work=Hrisav Blogs!|accessdate=14 Jul 2021|archive-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040311/http://hrisav.blogspot.com/2015/12/east-bengal-2010-11-squad-full-season.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref name="stats"/>
* Undefeated Calcutta Football League Champions: 19 times, (1950, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2024) '''record'''.<ref name="auto5"/>
* Calcutta Football League Champions winning all matches: 3 times, (1975–76, 1977–78, 2016–17) '''record'''.<ref name="auto5"/>

====Records in National Football League and I-League====
{{#section-h:East Bengal Club league record by opponent|League record by NFL/I-League season}}

====Overall record in NFL/I-League====
{{#section-h:East Bengal F.C. league record by opponent|Overall record}}

====Record in ISL====
{{#section-h:East Bengal Club league record by opponent|League record by ISL season}}

====Overall Record in ISL====
{{#section-h:East Bengal F.C. league record by opponent|Overall record in ISL}}

===Goals===
[[File:Jacques Maghoma.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|[[Jacques Maghoma]] scored the first ever goal for East Bengal in the Indian Super League against Hyderabad FC.]]

====Firsts====
* First goal in Calcutta League 2nd division: Arabinda Ghosh (against [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's]], 1921).<ref name=rcgoswami/>
* First goal in Calcutta League 1st division: Mona Dutta (against [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|Calcutta FC]], 9 May 1925).<ref name=firstgoals/><ref name=legends>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html|title=East Bengal Club - Legends|work=eastbengalclub.co.in|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127153453/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html|archive-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>
* First goal in IFA Shield: Shashi Das (against Town Club, 1921).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gautam|last=Roy|title=East Bengal 100|chapter=East Bengal Match Results|page=75|date=9 October 2001|publisher=All Sport|isbn=978-81-947631-0-9}}</ref>
* First goal in Durand Cup: Bhupen Das (against Army Headquarters, 1926).<ref name=firstgoals>{{cite tweet|user=sc_eastbengal|title=First scorers for the Red-and-Golds in various competitions|number=1338853881715904512|date=15 Dec 2020|accessdate=2 Jul 2021}}</ref>
* First goal in Rovers Cup: Sunil Ghosh (against Royal Navy, 1941).<ref name=firstgoals/>
* First goal in Federation Cup: [[Surajit Sengupta]] (against Rajasthan Police, 22 April 1978).<ref name=fedwins/><ref name=firstgoals/>
* First goal in NFL / I-League: [[Raman Vijayan]] (against [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]], 17 December 1996).<ref name=firstnfl/><ref name=fedwins/><ref name=firstgoals/>
* First goal in Indian Super League: [[Jacques Maghoma]] (against [[Hyderabad FC]], 15 December 2020).<ref>{{cite web|date=16 Dec 2020|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/east-bengal-first-ever-isl-goal-defeat-to-hyderabad-fc-7106298/|title=East Bengal score first ever ISL goal in defeat to Hyderabad FC|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124154907/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/east-bengal-first-ever-isl-goal-defeat-to-hyderabad-fc-7106298/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/santana-inspires-hyderabad-to-a-comeback-win-against-sc-east-bengal|title=Santana inspires Hyderabad to a comeback win against SC East Bengal|work=Indian Super League|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215165553/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/santana-inspires-hyderabad-to-a-comeback-win-against-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player: Dr. Ramesh Chandra Sen (against St. Xavier's, 10 May 1922, [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta Football League 2nd Division]]).<ref name=legends/>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Calcutta League: Jatin Sarkar (against Rangers, 1927 [[Calcutta Football League]]).<ref name=legends/>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in NFL/I-League: Ossius Luiz Ferreira (against [[State Bank of Travancore]], 15 February 2000, during the [[1999–2000 Indian National Football League|1999-00]] season).<ref name=nflhattricks>{{cite web|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|date=23 April 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-football-hat-tricks-national-football-league-nfl/o6brkeo0aht412p66v7p4awgb|title=Hat-tricks scored in the National Football League (NFL)|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133818/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-football-hat-tricks-national-football-league-nfl/o6brkeo0aht412p66v7p4awgb|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Federation Cup: [[Chima Okorie]] (against Assam Police, during the 1990 Federation Cup - Eastern Zone qualifiers).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gautam|last=Roy|title=East Bengal 100|chapter=East Bengal Match Results|page=149|date=9 October 2001|publisher=All Sport|isbn=978-81-947631-0-9}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in IFA Shield: N. Mazumdar (against Victoria Sporting, during the 1936 IFA Shield First-Round).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gautam|last=Roy|title=East Bengal 100|chapter=East Bengal Match Results|page=84|date=9 October 2001|publisher=All Sport|isbn=978-81-947631-0-9}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Durand Cup: [[K. P. Dhanraj]] (against Kalighat, during the 1951 Durand Cup Quarter-Final).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gautam|last=Roy|title=East Bengal 100|chapter=East Bengal Match Results|page=96|date=9 October 2001|publisher=All Sport|isbn=978-81-947631-0-9}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Rovers Cup: A. C. Somana (against Royal Navy, during the 1941 Rovers Cup First-Round).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gautam|last=Roy|title=East Bengal 100|chapter=East Bengal Match Results|page=87|date=9 October 2001|publisher=All Sport|isbn=978-81-947631-0-9}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Asian Club Championship: [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] (against [[New Road Team]], 2 August 1985, during the [[1985-86 Asian Club Championship|1985]]{{efn-ua|name=CocaCola}} season).<ref name=cocacolacup/>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in Asian Cup Winners' Cup: [[Carlton Chapman]] (against [[Al-Zawra'a SC|Al-Zawra]], 1 October 1993, during the [[1993-94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1993-94]] season).<ref>{{cite web|first=Dhiman|last=Sarkar|date=12 Oct 2020|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|title=East Bengal 'Chap' whose hattrick stunned Al Zawra'a and hand-held Bhutia, dead|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618022136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First hat-trick by an East Bengal player in AFC Cup: [[Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma|Ernest Jeremiah]] (against [[Nebitçi Balkanabat]], 25 May 2005, during the [[2005 AFC Cup|2005]] season).<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Reporter|date=26 May 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-come-back-in-a-blitz-afc-cup-heat-and-humidity-lay-turkmenistani-visitors-low/cid/1053707|title=East Bengal come back in a blitz - AFC CUP - Heat and humidity lay Turkmenistani visitors low|work=The Telegraph|access-date=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704214632/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-come-back-in-a-blitz-afc-cup-heat-and-humidity-lay-turkmenistani-visitors-low/cid/1053707|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First golden-goal by an East Bengal player: [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (against [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]], 6 November 1994, [[Durand Cup]] Semi-Final).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D5JlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1061%2C3523138|title=It's Bagan vs East Bengal|date=7 November 1994|work=Indian Express|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref>

====Records====
* Most goals scored in an Indian Super League season: 27 in 22 matches (during the [[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]] season).<ref name=islgoals/><ref name=islstats/>
* Most goals scored in an NFL/I-League season: 46 in 26 games (during the [[2011-12 I-League|2011–12]] season).<ref name=stats/>
* Most goals scored in a Calcutta League season: 77 in 26 games (during the 1949–50 season).<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=cfleb>{{Cite web|url=https://i-league.org/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-a-sublime-romantic-saga/|title=East Bengal & Calcutta Football League: A Sublime Romantic Saga | Hero I-League|access-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925033144/https://i-league.org/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-a-sublime-romantic-saga/|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fewest goals conceded in an Indian Super League season: 29 in 22 games (during the [[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]] season).<ref name=islgoals/><ref name=islstats/>
* Fewest goals conceded in an NFL/I-League season: 9 in 22 games (during the [[2000-01 National Football League (India)|2000–01]] season).<ref name=stats/>
* Fewest goals conceded in a Calcutta Football League season: 0 in 19 and 18 games (During the 1972–73 and 1991–92 season).<ref name=cfleb/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/local/csd1991.html|title=IFA-Calcutta Super Division 1991|work=Indian Football|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=14 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070414160335/http://www.indianfootball.de/local/csd1991.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fewest goals conceded in a Federation Cup campaign: 0 in 5 games (during the [[2009-10 Indian Federation Cup|2009–10]] season).<ref name=fedwins/>
* Most individual scorers in a single NFL/I-League match: 6 (against [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]], during the [[2012-13 I-League|2012–13]] season).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/east-bengal-club-fc/3346/matches/|title=India – East Bengal Football Team – Results and fixtures – Soccerway|website=us.soccerway.com|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215052212/https://us.soccerway.com/teams/india/east-bengal-club-fc/3346/matches/|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Club's ISL top scorers===
[[File:Matti Steinmann 2018.jpg|upright|200px|thumb|[[Matti Steinmann]], top scorer for East Bengal in the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]] season.]]

Top scorers for East Bengal in each season:<ref name=islgoals/><ref name=islstats/>
 <big>'''*'''</big> Current season

{{Updated|5 May 2026}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:20%; text-align:center"
|-
|bgcolor=gold|Golden boot winner
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:50%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''Top scorer for East Bengal in ISL'''
|-
!width="10%"|Season
!width="15%"|Nationality
!width="20%"|Name
!width="5%"|Goals
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[2020–21 Indian Super League|2020–21]]
|align="left"|{{GER}}
| [[Matti Steinmann]]
| rowspan="1"|4
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]
|align="left"|{{CRO}}
| [[Antonio Perošević]]
| rowspan="1"|4
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]]
|align="left"|{{BRA}}
| [[Cleiton Silva]]
| rowspan="1"|12
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
|align="left"|{{BRA}}
| [[Cleiton Silva]]
| rowspan="1"|8
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
|align="left"|{{IND}}
| [[Vishnu Puthiya Valappill|P. V. Vishnu]]
| rowspan="3"|4
|-
|align="left"|{{IND}}
| [[David Lalhlansanga]]
|-
|align="left"|{{GRE}}
| [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[2025–26 Indian Super League|2025–26]]
|align="left"|{{ESP}}
| [[Youssef Ezzejjari]]
| rowspan="1"|10<big>'''*'''</big>
|-
|}

===Top scorers in NFL/I-League===
[[File:Edmilson Marques Pardal.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|Edmilson Marques Pardal]]

[[File:Esqueda East Bengal.jpg|thumb|upright|200px|Enrique Esqueda with East Bengal in 2018.]]

Top scorers for East Bengal in each season:<ref name=stats/>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:20%; text-align:center"
|-
|bgcolor=gold|Golden boot winner
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:50%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="5"|'''Top scorer for East Bengal in NFL/I-League'''
|-
!width="10%"|Season
!width="15%"|Nationality
!width="20%"|Name
!width="5%"|Goals
|-
| [[1996–97 Indian National Football League|1996-97]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Raman Vijayan]]
| 9
|-
| [[1997–98 Indian National Football League|1997-98]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| 8
|-
| [[1998–99 Indian National Football League|1998-99]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Raman Vijayan]]
| 10
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[1999–2000 Indian National Football League|1999-00]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|GHA}} Ghana
| Willie Brown
| rowspan="3"|4
|-
| align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| Ossius Luiz Ferreira
|-
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Dipankar Roy]]
|-
| [[2000–01 Indian National Football League|2000-01]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| Omolaja Olalekan
| 8
|-
| [[2001–02 Indian National Football League|2001-02]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| Omolaja Olalekan
| 7
|-
| [[2002–03 Indian National Football League|2002-03]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Mike Okoro]]
| 17
|-
| [[2003–04 Indian National Football League|2003-04]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| bgcolor=gold|[[Cristiano Júnior]]
| bgcolor=gold|15
|-
| [[2004–05 Indian National Football League|2004-05]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| 9
|-
| [[2005–06 Indian National Football League|2005-06]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| 12
|-
| [[2006–07 Indian National Football League|2006-07]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]]
| 13
|-
| [[2007–08 I-League|2007-08]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]]
| 8
|-
| [[2008–09 I-League|2008-09]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|GHA}} Ghana
| [[Yusif Yakubu]]
| 11
|-
| [[2009–10 I-League|2009-10]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|GHA}} Ghana
| [[Yusif Yakubu]]
| 9
|-
| [[2010–11 I-League|2010-11]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
| [[Tolgay Özbey]]
| 17
|-
| [[2011–12 I-League|2011-12]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
| [[Tolgay Özbey]]
| 18
|-
| [[2012–13 I-League|2012-13]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Chidi Edeh]]
| 18
|-
| [[2013–14 I-League|2013-14]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Chidi Edeh]]
| 9
|-
| [[2014–15 I-League|2014-15]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| bgcolor=gold| [[Ranti Martins]]
| bgcolor=gold| 17
|-
| [[2015–16 I-League|2015-16]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| bgcolor=gold| [[Ranti Martins]]
| bgcolor=gold| 12
|-
| [[2016–17 I-League|2016-17]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago
| [[Willis Plaza]]
| 9
|-
| [[2017–18 I-League|2017-18]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
| 8
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[2018–19 I-League|2018-19]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Jobby Justin]]
| rowspan="2"| 9
|-
| align=left|{{flagicon|MEX}} Mexico
| [[Enrique Esqueda]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[2019–20 I-League|2019-20]]
| align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} Spain
| [[Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Martín|Marcos de la Espada]]
| rowspan="2"|6
|-
| align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} Spain
| [[Jaime Santos Colado|Jaime Santos]]
|-
|}

====Hat-tricks in NFL/I-League====
List of all hat-tricks for East Bengal in the NFL and I-League:<ref name=nflhattricks/><ref name=ilhattricks>{{cite web|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|date=25 April 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/all-hat-tricks-scored-in-i-league-indian-football/gi4oq0j4qu8k18iuuubhqe19e|title=All hat-tricks scored in I-League|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133818/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/all-hat-tricks-scored-in-i-league-indian-football/gi4oq0j4qu8k18iuuubhqe19e|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:80%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="6"|'''Hat-tricks for East Bengal in NFL/I-League'''
|-
!width="10%"|Season
!width="15%"|Date
!width="10%"|Nationality
!width="20%"|Name
!width="15%"|Against
!width="10%"|Final score
|-
| [[1999–2000 Indian National Football League|1999–00]]
| 15 February 2000
| align=left| {{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil
| Oseías Luíz Ferreira
| [[State Bank of Travancore]]
| '''3''' – 0
|-
| [[2002–03 Indian National Football League|2002–03]]
| 25 January 2003
| align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Alvito D'Cunha]]
| [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]]
| 3 – '''5'''
|-
| [[2002–03 Indian National Football League|2002–03]]
| 8 February 2003
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Mike Okoro]]
| [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]]
| '''4''' – 1
|-
| [[2005–06 Indian National Football League|2005–06]]
| 18 March 2006
| align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| [[Sporting Club de Goa]]
| '''4''' – 3
|-
| [[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]
| 4 April 2011
| align=left| {{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
| [[Tolgay Özbey]]
| [[Air India]]
| '''3''' – 0
|-
| [[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]]
| 23 November 2011
| align=left| {{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
| [[Tolgay Özbey]]4
| [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]]
| 1 – '''8'''
|-
| [[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]
| 5 January 2013
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Chidi Edeh]]
| [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
| '''4''' – 1
|-
| [[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]]
| 1 March 2015
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Ranti Martins]]5
| [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
| 1 – '''5'''
|-
| [[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]
| 9 February 2016
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Ranti Martins]]
| [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| '''4''' – 0
|-
| [[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]
| 12 March 2016
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Ranti Martins]]
| [[Aizawl F.C.]]
| 2 – '''3'''
|-
| [[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]
| 29 January 2017
| align=left| {{flagicon|Haiti}} Haiti
| [[Wedson Anselme]]
| [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
| 0 – '''5'''
|-
| [[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]
| 24 February 2018
| align=left| {{flagicon|NGR}} Nigeria
| [[Dudu Omagbemi]]4
| [[Chennai City F.C.]]
| '''7''' – 1
|-
| [[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]
| 14 February 2019
| align=left| {{flagicon|IND}} India
| [[Laldanmawia Ralte]]
| [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| '''5''' – 0
|-
|}
4 Scored 4 Goals 
5 Scored 5 Goals 

===Attendances===
* Record highest attendance in a match: 1,31,785 (against [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] in the [[1997 Indian Federation Cup|1997–98 Federarion Cup]] semifinal).<ref>{{cite web|first=Saibal|last=Bose|date=14 July 1997|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/bhutias-barrage-batters-bagan/|title=Bhutia's barrage batters Bagan|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710121410/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/bhutias-barrage-batters-bagan/|archive-date=10 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Highest league home attendance in Indian Super League: 60,102 (against [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|ATK Mohun Bagan]] in the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23 season]]).<ref>{{cite web|date=25 February 2023|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49572-east-bengal-fc-vs-atk-mohun-bagan|title=Match Centre: East Bengal vs ATK Mohun Bagan|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226064933/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49572-east-bengal-fc-vs-atk-mohun-bagan|archive-date=26 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Highest home attendance in Continental matches: 50,000 (against [[Kuwait SC|Al–Kuwait]] in the [[2013 AFC Cup]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_cup/news/62198_fans_set_record_for_highest_afc_cup_attendance.html|title=62,198 fans set record for highest AFC Cup attendance|work=The AFC|accessdate=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308073205/https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_cup/news/62198_fans_set_record_for_highest_afc_cup_attendance.html|archive-date=8 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lowest league home attendance in Indian Super League: 1,982 (against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] in the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23 season]]).<ref>{{cite web|date=8 February 2023|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49556-east-bengal-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc|title=Match Centre: East Bengal vs NorthEast United|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222163612/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49556-east-bengal-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc|archive-date=22 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Kolkata Derby==
{{main|Kolkata Derby}}
{{further|List of Kolkata Derby Matches}}

=== Firsts ===
* First Derby match: East Bengal 0–0 Mohun Bagan (8 August 1921, Cooch Behar Cup).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themohunbaganac.com/remembering-derbies/|title=Remembering Derbies|work=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628161833/https://themohunbaganac.com/remembering-derbies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=firstderby>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=1 April 2016|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/the-kolkata-derby-they-met-as-early-as-in-1921/article17221788.ece|title=The Kolkata Derby: They met as early as in 1921!|work=Sportstar|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806170805/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/the-kolkata-derby-they-met-as-early-as-in-1921/article17221788.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Hariprasad/><ref name=saderby/>
* First Derby win: East Bengal 2–1 Mohun Bagan (26 August 1921, Khogendra Shield Final).<ref name=Hariprasad/><ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=saderby/>
* First Derby match in official tournament: East Bengal 1–0 Mohun Bagan (28 May 1925, [[Calcutta Football League]]).<ref name=firstderby/><ref name=Hariprasad/><ref name=rcgoswami/>
* First Derby at [[Eden Gardens]]: East Bengal 2–1 Mohun Bagan (25 June 1967, [[Calcutta Football League]]).<ref name=Hariprasad/>
* First Derby at [[Salt Lake Stadium]]: East Bengal 1–0 Mohun Bagan (28 September 1984, [[IFA Shield]] Final).<ref name=timeline/><ref name=Hariprasad/>
* First Derby at [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]: East Bengal 0–0 Mohun Bagan (12 January 1988, Exhibition Match).<ref name=Hariprasad/>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:90%; text-align:center"
|-
|Colspan="7"|'''First Kolkata Derbies in Major Tournaments'''
|-
!width="17%"|Tournament
!width="12%"|Date
!width="15%"|Round
!width="5%" |Score
!width="25%"|East Bengal Scorers
!width="25%"|Mohun Bagan Scorers
!width="5%" |Ref
|-
! [[Calcutta Football League]]
| 28 May 1925 || {{sort dash}} ||style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"| 1–0 || Nepal Chakraborty || {{sort dash}} || <ref name=firstderby/><ref name="first">{{cite web|first=Joydeep|last=Basu|date=27 November 2020|url=https://scroll.in/field/979563/isls-kolkata-derby-heres-a-look-back-at-the-first-mohun-bagan-east-bengal-games-in-events-past|title=ISL's Kolkata Derby: Here's a look back at the first Mohun Bagan-East Bengal games in events past|work=Scroll|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127103026/https://scroll.in/field/979563/isls-kolkata-derby-heres-a-look-back-at-the-first-mohun-bagan-east-bengal-games-in-events-past|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
![[IFA Shield]]
| 5 August 1944 || Semi Final ||style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"| 1–0 || Vishweshwar Rao || {{sort dash}} || <ref name="first"/>
|-
!rowspan="2"|[[Durand Cup]]
| 28 December 1957 || Semi Final ||style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFCC;"| 0–0 || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || <ref name="first"/>
|-
| 30 December 1957 || Semi Final (Replay) ||style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"| 3–2 || [[Moosa Ghazi|Moosa]] (2), Balasubramaniam || Chuni Goswami, Nimai Mukherjee || <ref name="first"/>
|-
![[Rovers Cup]]
| 27 November 1960 || Semi Final ||style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"| 2–1 || [[Arun Ghosh]], B. Narayan || Amiya Bannerjee || <ref name="first"/>
|-
![[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| 7 May 1978 || Final ||style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFCC;"| 0–0 || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || <ref name="first"/>
|-
![[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| 6 January 1998 || {{sort dash}} ||style="text-align:center; background:#FFCCCC;"| 1–2 || Felix Ijabandenyi || [[Chima Okorie]], [[Dipendu Biswas]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india08.html|title=India 1997/98|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=9 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609203908/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india08.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
![[I-League]]
| 30 December 2007 || {{sort dash}} ||style="text-align:center; background:#FFCCCC;"| 0–1 || {{sort dash}} || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india98.html|title=India 2007/08|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723193639/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india98.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
![[Indian Super League]]
| 27 November 2020 || {{sort dash}} ||style="text-align:center; background:#FFCCCC;"| 0–2 || {{sort dash}} || [[Roy Krishna]], [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir Singh]] || .<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=27 Nov 2020|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/first-derby-goes-to-bagan/articleshow/79453421.cms?from=mdr|title=First derby goes to Bagan|work=Economic Times|accessdate=4 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704090242/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/first-derby-goes-to-bagan/articleshow/79453421.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36479-sc-east-bengal-vs-atk-mohun-bagan|title=SC East bengal vs ATK Mohun Bagan|work=Indian Super League|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127142400/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36479-sc-east-bengal-vs-atk-mohun-bagan|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

=== Goalscoring ===
[[File:First official Kolkata Derby news report.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|First official Kolkata Derby news report]]
[[File:1945 IFA Shield Final - East bengal captain P chakraborty and Mohun Bagan captain Anil Dey.png|thumb|200px|upright|11 August 1945 - IFA Shield Final - East Bengal captain Paritosh Chakraborty and Mohun Bagan captain Anil Dey before the match.]]
[[File:Kolkata Derby.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|Kolkata Derby match at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] on 19 January 2020 in the [[I-League]].]]
* First Goal in Derby: Nosa Sen (East Bengal 2–1 [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]], 26 August 1921, Khogendra Shield Final).<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=saderby>{{cite web|date=13 April 2021|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/football/features/kolkata-derby-history-east-bengal-vs-mohun-bagan-indian-super-league|title=Kolkata Derby: What the East Bengal vs Mohun Bagan rivalry means|work=Sports Adda|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133853/https://www.sportsadda.com/football/features/kolkata-derby-history-east-bengal-vs-mohun-bagan-indian-super-league|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First Goal in Calcutta Football League Derby: Nepal Chakraborty (East Bengal 1–0 Mohun Bagan, 28 May 1925).<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=Hariprasad/><ref name="first"/>
* First Goal in IFA Shield Derby: Vishweshwar Rao (East Bengal 1–0 Mohun Bagan, 5 August 1944).<ref name="first"/>
* First Goal in NFL/I-league Derby: Felix Abayomi (East Bengal 1–2 Mohun Bagan, 6 January 1998).<ref name="first"/>
* First Goal in Indian Super League Derby: [[Tiri (footballer)|Tiri]] {{own goal}} ([[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] 3–1 East Bengal, 19 February 2021).<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-02-19|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/roy-krishna-stars-in-kolkata-derby-as-atk-mohun-bagan-do-the-double-over-sc-east-bengal|title=Roy Krishna stars in Kolkata derby as Mohun Bagan do the double over SC East Bengal|work=Indian Super League|accessdate=2021-07-01|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219170545/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/roy-krishna-stars-in-kolkata-derby-as-mohun-bagan-do-the-double-over-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most Goals in Derby: [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], 13.<ref name=ilderby>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/kolkata-derby-origins-and-history/|title=KOLKATA DERBY: Origins and History|work=I-League|accessdate=1 July 2020|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133818/https://i-league.org/kolkata-derby-origins-and-history/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=voisderby>{{cite web|first=VOIS|last=Admin|date=23 November 2020|url=https://voiceofindiansports.com/kolkata-derby-8-things-you-must-know-about-the-marquee-clash/|title=Kolkata Derby : 8 things you must know about the marquee clash|work=Voice Of Indian Sports|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123130231/https://voiceofindiansports.com/kolkata-derby-8-things-you-must-know-about-the-marquee-clash/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most Goals in NFL / I-League Derby: [[Syed Rahim Nabi]], 4.<ref name=stats/><ref name=ilderby/>
* Most Goals in Federation Cup Derby: Bhaichung Bhutia, 5.<ref name=bhaichung/>
* Hattrick in Derby: Bhaichung Bhutia (East Bengal 4–1 Mohun Bagan, 13 July 1997, [[Federation Cup (India)|Fed Cup]] Semi Final).<ref name=ilderby/><ref name=voisderby/><ref>{{cite web|author=IANS|date=1 Aug 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/asean-cup-win-derby-hat-trick-my-best-moments-bhaichung-bhutia/articleshow/77302046.cms|title=ASEAN Cup win, Derby hat-trick my best moments: Bhaichung Bhutia|work=The Times of India|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706101325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/asean-cup-win-derby-hat-trick-my-best-moments-bhaichung-bhutia/articleshow/77302046.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Win Records ===
* Biggest Victory: East Bengal 5–0 [[Mohun Bagan]], 30 September 1975 ([[1975 IFA Shield Final|IFA Shield Final]]).<ref name=ilderby/><ref name=scebderby>{{cite web|first=SC East Bengal|last=Media Team|date=19 February 2021|url=https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/the-kolkata-derby-in-numbers|title=The Kolkata derby in numbers|work=SC East Bengal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133819/https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/the-kolkata-derby-in-numbers|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* Biggest Victory in Calcutta Football League Derby:
: East Bengal 4–0 Mohun Bagan, 23 May 1936.<ref name=timeline/><ref name=timeline2/>
: East Bengal 4–0 Mohun Bagan, 6 September 2015.<ref>{{cite web|first=Faizan|last=Qadiri|date=8 Sep 2015|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-thrash-mohun-bagan-win-calcutta-football-league|title=East Bengal smash four past Mohun Bagan to win 6th consecutive Calcutta Football League|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=1 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001100535/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/east-bengal-thrash-mohun-bagan-win-calcutta-football-league|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Biggest Victory in Durand Cup Derby: East Bengal 3–0 Mohun Bagan, 17 January 1979.<ref name=durandchamps/>
* Biggest Victory in Rovers Cup Derby: East Bengal 3–0 Mohun Bagan, 25 December 1969.<ref name=roverschamps/>
* Biggest Victory in Federation Cup Derby: East Bengal 4–1 Mohun Bagan, 13 July 1997.<ref name=diamondderby>{{cite web|author=Ritesh|title=Down the memory lane – 'The Diamond demolition' in Kolkata derby|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/down-the-memory-lane-the-diamond-demolition-in-kolkata-derby|accessdate=3 Jul 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305053220/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/down-the-memory-lane-the-diamond-demolition-in-kolkata-derby/|archivedate=5 March 2014|date=17 March 2013}}</ref>
* Biggest Victory in NFL/I-League Derby: East Bengal 3–0 Mohun Bagan, 22 February 2009.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 June 2013|url=http://eastbengalvsmohunbagan.blogspot.com/2013/06/east-bengal-3-0-mohun-bagan-i-league.html|title=East Bengal 3-0 Mohun Bagan : I-League 2008-09 2nd Leg|work=Mohun Bagan vs East Bengal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701153649/https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/4165186901-widgets.js|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Amoy|last=Ghoshal|date=8 December 2012|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/five-memorable-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-clashes-in-the-i-league|title=Five memorable East Bengal – Mohun Bagan clashes in the I-League|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=12 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912222700/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/five-memorable-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-clashes-in-the-i-league|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most consecutive Derby undefeated: 17 (1932 Days,{{efn-ua|East Bengal lost to Mohun Bagan, first time since their 3-1 defeat in the [[IFA Shield]] Final on 20 September 1969, after '''1932 days''', on 5 January 1975, in the [[Durand Cup]] Semi Final at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[Delhi]] by 1-0.<ref name=days1932>{{cite web|first=Akshat|last=Singhal|date=1 June 2020|url=https://www.theturffootball.com/articles/the-untold-story-of-the-great-kolkata-derby/|title=The Untold Story of The Great Kolkata Derby|work=The Turf Football|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109150636/http://www.theturffootball.com/articles/the-untold-story-of-the-great-kolkata-derby/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} from 25 December 1969, [[Rovers Cup]] Final to 29 September 1974, [[IFA Shield]] Final).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eastbengalvsmohunbagan.blogspot.com/2013/06/east-bengal-5-0-mohun-bagan-ifa-shield.html|title=East Bengal vs Mohun Bagan | The Kolkata Derby | News, Photos, Videos: East Bengal 5-0 Mohun Bagan : IFA Shield Finals 1975|date=15 June 2013|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015950/http://eastbengalvsmohunbagan.blogspot.com/2013/06/east-bengal-5-0-mohun-bagan-ifa-shield.html|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=snhistory/>
* Derby Doubles in NFL/I-League: 3 (During the [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03]], [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]], [[2018-19 I-League|2018–19]] seasons).<ref>{{cite web|first=Sounak|last=Mullick|date=24 Jan 2019|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2018-19-the-last-time-east-bengal-managed-to-win-kolkata-derby-over-mohun-bagan-twice-in-a-season|title=I-League 2018-19: The last time East Bengal managed to win Kolkata Derby over Mohun Bagan twice in a season|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704090300/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2018-19-the-last-time-east-bengal-managed-to-win-kolkata-derby-over-mohun-bagan-twice-in-a-season|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=27 Jan 2019|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-2018-19-mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal-jobby-justin-jaime-santos-sony-norde-kolkata-derby/article26104703.ece|title=I-League: Justin heroics guide East Bengal to 2-0 hammering of Mohun Bagan|work=Sportstar|accessdate=4 Jul 2021|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924093320/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-2018-19-mohun-bagan-vs-east-bengal-jobby-justin-jaime-santos-sony-norde-kolkata-derby/article26104703.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Overall Derby Record ===
{{further|topic=overall record||List of Kolkata Derby Matches#Overall Record of Kolkata Derby}}
{{#section-h:List of Kolkata Derby Matches|Overall Record of Kolkata Derby}}

----

===Mini Kolkata Derby Record===
[[File:2021 Durand Cup Final-2.jpg|upright|thumb|East Bengal vs Mohammedan Sporting]]
East Bengal also has a minor rivalry against another giant from Kolkata — [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]]. The rivalry started in the mid—1930s when Mohammedan won five consecutive [[Calcutta Football League]] titles between 1934 and 1938, while East Bengal finished runner-up in three of those seasons. East Bengal managed to overtake Mohammedan and bettered their record in the 1970s by winning the league for six consecutive seasons from 1970 to 1975.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=30 March 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-the-tale-of-the-unbeatable-mohammedan/1loskn0qvp1qj1e9u5uuucokf4|title=Indian football: The tale of the unbeatable Mohammedan Sporting side of 1930s|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419165931/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-the-tale-of-the-unbeatable-mohammedan/1loskn0qvp1qj1e9u5uuucokf4|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1980, the rivalry took another fresh revival as thirteen East Bengal players moved to Mohammedan in a mass exodus from the club.<ref name=david79>{{cite web|first=Sumit|last=Mitra|date=30 April 1980|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19800430-east-bengal-players-make-a-beeline-for-mohammedan-sporting-club-806616-2014-01-30|title=East Bengal players make a beeline for Mohammedan Sporting Club|work=[[India Today]]|accessdate=25 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161359/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19800430-east-bengal-players-make-a-beeline-for-mohammedan-sporting-club-806616-2014-01-30|url-status=live}}</ref> However, East Bengal still managed to build a strong team and eventually win the 1980 [[Rovers Cup]] jointly with Mohammedan after the game ended 1–1. In the 1990s, East Bengal slowly moved the tide to their favour as the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] started and East Bengal remains unbeaten against Mohammedan in the top-tier league in India till date.

====Goalscoring Records====
* Highest margin of victory: East Bengal 7–0 Mohammedan, 23 March 2026 ([[Indian Super League]]).<ref name=EBFCMDSC2026/>
* Highest margin of defeat: Mohammedan 5–1 East Bengal, 8 January 1960 ([[Durand Cup]]).<ref name=ebmds>{{cite web|date=11 September 2018|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_a_2018-19/eb_match.html|title=East Bengal vs Mohammedan Sporting|work=Kolkata Football|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028051949/https://kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_premier_a_2018-19/eb_match.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most goals against Mohammedan Sporting: [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], 12.<ref name=ebmds/>
* Most goals in a single game against Mohammedan Sporting: [[Tolgay Ozbey]], 4, 14 May 2012 (During the 2011–12 Calcutta Football League).<ref name=ebmds6/>
* First hat—trick against Mohammedan Sporting: [[Tulsidas Balaram]] (26 September 1959, Semi—Final, [[IFA Shield]]).<ref name=ebmds/>

====Overall record====
{{updated|23 March 2026}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:70%; text-align:center"
|-
!Colspan="7"|Overall Head to Head record
|-
!width="20%"|Competition
!width="5%"|Matches Played
!width="10%"|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] wins
!width="5%"|Draws
!width="10%"|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] wins
!width="10%"|Goal scored EB
!width="10%"|Goal scored MDS
|-
| [[Indian Super League]] || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 10 || 1
|-
| [[I-League]] || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 7 || 4
|-
| [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] || 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 16 || 3
|-
| [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] || 12 || 4 || 5 || 3 || 16 || 11
|-
| [[Durand Cup]] || 6 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 6 || 8
|-
| [[IFA Shield]] || 23 || 9 || 7 || 7 || 29 || 17
|-
| [[Rovers Cup]] || 10 || 3 || 4 || 3 || 7 || 7
|-
| [[Calcutta Football League]] || 143 || 75 || 36 || 32 || 215 || 103
|-
| [[Calcutta Football League|2nd Div Calcutta Football League]] || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 9 || 2
|-
| [[DCM Trophy]] || 10 || 6 || 1 || 3 || 12 || 5
|-
| [[Bordoloi Trophy]] || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 3 || 4
|-
| [[All Airlines Gold Cup]] || 9 || 6 || 0 || 3 || 14 || 10
|-
| [[Stafford Challenge Cup]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| [[Darjeeling Gold Cup]] || 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| [[McDowell's Cup]] || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 1
|-
| [[Sikkim Gold Cup]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 2
|-
| JC Guha Trophy || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
| SSS Trophy || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 2
|-
| Nehru Club Cup || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| [[Kalinga Cup]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Charms Cup || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2
|-
| PNB Centenary Trophy || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 1
|-
| [[Scissors Cup]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| [[Sait Nagjee Football Tournament]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Peerless Trophy || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
| Amrita Bazar Centenary || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
| Brabourne Cup || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Platinum Jubilee Cup || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
! Competitive Matches Total !! 261 !! 133 !! 64 !! 64 !! 367 !! 190
|-
|}

==International==
[[File:15 July 1948 - East Bengal vs China Olympic Team.png|thumb|200px|14 July 1948 - East Bengal vs China Olympic Team in action - photo from Jugantor newspaper 15 July 1948.]]
{{main|East Bengal FC in international football}}
{{further|List of East Bengal FC matches against foreign opponents}}

===Continental record===
[[File:22 September 1953 - Jugantor - East Bengal vs Torpedo Moscow.png|thumb|200px|21 August 1953 - East Bengal vs Torpedo Moscow, Central Dynamo Stadium, Moscow - photo from Jugantor newspaper 22 September 1953.]]
[[File:23 September 1953 - Jugantor - East Bengal vs Dynamo Tbilisi.png|thumb|200px|[[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]], captain of East Bengal and [[Avtandil Gogoberidze]], the captain of [[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dynamo Tbilisi]] before the match - photo from Jugantor newspaper 23 September 1953.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!Competition
!Appearances
!Seasons
!Best result
|-
|[[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|Coca-Cola Cup (Central Asia)]] {{efn-ua|name=CocaCola}}
|1
|[[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985]]
|style="background:gold" |Champions
|-
|[[AFC Champions League|Asian Club Championship]]
|2
| [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985–86]], [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship|1998–99]]
|Group stage
|-
|[[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
|5
|[[1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1991–92]], [[1993-94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1993–94]], [[1994-95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1994–95]], [[1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1995]], [[1997-98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1997–98]]
|Quarter-finals ([[1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1991-92]])
|-
|[[AFC Cup]] / [[AFC Champions League Two]]
|9
|[[2004 AFC Cup|2004]], [[2005 AFC Cup|2005]], [[2008 AFC Cup|2008]], [[2010 AFC Cup|2010]], [[2011 AFC Cup|2011]], [[2012 AFC Cup|2012]], [[2013 AFC Cup|2013]], [[2015 AFC Cup|2015]], [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Two|2024–25]]
|Semi-finals ([[2013 AFC Cup|2013]])
|-
|[[AFC Challenge League]]
|1
|[[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]]
|Quarter-finals ([[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]])
|}

===Invitational tournaments===
Apart from AFC tournaments, East Bengal club have participated in several invitational tournaments on foreign soil and have been victorious on three occasions.<ref name=ebinternational>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/international-stat.html|title=East Bengal - Performance in International Tournaments|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523175412/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/international-stat.html|archive-date=23 May 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
!Season
!Country
!Competition
!Result
|-
|1953-54
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania
|1953 [[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|World Youth Festival]]
|Fourth place
|-
|1991-92
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh
|1991 BTC Club Cup
|Semi-finals
|-
|1993-94
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
|1993 Wai Wai Cup
|style="background:gold" |Champions
|-
|1996-97
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
|1996 [[ANFA Cup|Coca Cola Cup]]
|Semi-finals
|-
|1996-97
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh
|1996 [[Bangabandhu Cup]]<ref name="BC97">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bangabandhu97.html|title=Bangabandhu Cup 1996/97|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221161704/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bangabandhu97.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Group stages
|-
|2003-04
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia
|[[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]]
|style="background:gold" | Champions
|-
|2004-05
|align="left"| {{flagicon|England}} England
|2004 Pepsi Max Challenge Cup
|Fourth place
|-
|2004-05
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
|2004 San Miguel International Cup
|style="background:gold" |Champions
|-
|2011-12
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Vietnam}} Vietnam
|[[BTV Cup|2011 BTV Becamex IDC Cup]]
|Group stages
|-
|2015-16
|align="left"| {{flagicon|BGD}} Bangladesh
|[[2015 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup]]
|style="background:silver" | Runners-up
|-
|}

=== Firsts ===

* First match against foreign opponent: East Bengal 2–0 [[China national football team|China Olympic XI]], 14 July 1948 (Friendly Match, [[Kolkata]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=15 Jul 1948 |title=চীনা অলিম্পিক দলের বিপক্ষে ইস্টবেঙ্গল ক্লাবের অপূর্ব ক্রিরানৈপুণ্য |trans-title=East Bengal Club's outstanding performance against the Chinese Olympic team |language= bn|work=Jugantor |location=Kolkata }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=30 September 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/10-things-about-east-bengal-isl-clubs-must-know/chfah8z3ndrh10hnu8caln1md#94svgfsrrko1hr3gk4ehwk1b|title=10 things about East Bengal which every ISL club must know|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133820/https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/10-things-about-east-bengal-isl-clubs-must-know/chfah8z3ndrh10hnu8caln1md#94svgfsrrko1hr3gk4ehwk1b|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=loveaffair>{{cite web |first=Shamya |last=Dasgupta |date=2 August 2020 |url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4151921/my-affair-with-east-bengal-love-just-happens |title=My affair with East Bengal - love just happens |work=ESPN |accessdate=1 July 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808062318/https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4151921/my-affair-with-east-bengal-love-just-happens |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Suhrid Sankar|last=Chattopadhyay|date=29 August 2003|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/sport/article30218648.ece|title=The saga of East Bengal|work=Frontline|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118010538/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/sport/article30218648.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First competitive match against foreign opponent: [[Grazer AK]] 0–2 East Bengal, 6 August 1953 ([[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|1953 World Youth Festival]], [[Bucharest]]).<ref>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=27 March 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|title=Who were the 'Pancha Pandavas' of East Bengal and what impact did they have in Indian football?|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410151927/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=foreignbest>{{cite web|first=VOIS|last=Admin|date=24 July 2020|url=https://voiceofindiansports.com/east-bengal-the-most-succesful-indian-club-against-foreign-teams/|title=East Bengal : The most successful Indian club against foreign teams|work=Voice Of Indian Sports|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133821/https://voiceofindiansports.com/east-bengal-the-most-succesful-indian-club-against-foreign-teams/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First win in a final at home: East Bengal [[1970 IFA Shield Final|1–0]] [[PAS Tehran F.C.|PAS Tehran]], 25 September 1970 ([[IFA Shield]], [[Kolkata]]).<ref name=loveaffair/><ref name=foreignbest/><ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 1970 |title=East Bengal win IFA Shield with Dey's last minute goal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700926&printsec=frontpage&hl=enhttps://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700926&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |work=The Indian Express |access-date=5 Jul 2021 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705213222/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700926&printsec=frontpage&hl=enhttps%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DP9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700926&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* First win in a final away from home: [[Ranipokhari Corner Team]] 0–1 East Bengal, 15 June 1993 (Wai Wai Cup, Nepal).<ref name=foreignbest/>
* First match in Asian Club Championship: East Bengal 7–0 [[New Road Team]], 1 August 1985 (During the [[1985-86 Asian Club Championship|1985-86]] season).{{efn-ua|name=CocaCola}}<ref name=afcresults/>
* First match in Asian Cup Winners' Cup: [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani KC]] 0–0 East Bengal, 1 September 1991 (During the [[1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1991-92]] season).<ref name=afcresults/>
* First match in AFC Cup: [[Geylang United FC|Geylang United]] 2–3 East Bengal, 10 February 2004 (During the [[2004 AFC Cup|2004]] season).<ref name=afcresults/>
* First match in AFC Champions League Two: East Bengal 2–3 [[FC Altyn Asyr|Altyn Asyr]], 14 August 2024 (During the [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Two|2024–25]] season).<ref name=EBAltynAsyr>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=14 August 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-loses-2-3-to-altyn-asyr-afc-champions-league-2-prelims-ebfc-vs-altyn-goals-highlights/article68525928.ece|title=East Bengal loses 2-3 to Altyn Asyr in AFC Champions League 2 prelims, will play in Challenge League|work=Sportstar|accessdate=15 August 2024}}</ref>
* First match in AFC Challenge League: East Bengal 2–2 [[Paro FC|Paro]], 26 October 2024 (During the [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]] season).<ref name=EBvsParo>{{cite web|date=26 October 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/paro-vs-east-bengal-afc-challenge-league-2024-25-pfc-v-ebfc-result-score-news-goals-highlights/article68800147.ece|title=AFC Challenge League 2024-25: Diamantakos' equaliser gives East Bengal point against Paro FC in opener|work=Sportstar|accessdate=26 October 2024}}</ref>

=== Records ===

* Total Matches played in [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] competitions: 86.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Matches played in Asian Club Championship: 9.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Matches played in Asian Cup Winners' Cup: 18.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Matches played in AFC Cup / AFC Champions League Two: 56.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Matches played in AFC Challenge League: 3.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Most Appearances by a player in AFC Cup: 34, [[Mehtab Hossain]].<ref name=afcapps/>
* Most Goals against foreign opponents: 25, [[Bhaichung Bhutia]].<ref name=bhaichung/>
* Most Goals in AFC competitions: 11, Bhaichung Bhutia.<ref name=bhaichung/>
* Most Goals in Asian Club Championship: 8, Debasish Roy.<ref name=afcresults/>
* Most Goals in Asian Cup Winners' Cup: 8, Bhaichung Bhutia.<ref name=afcresults/><ref name=bhaichung/>
* Most Goals in AFC Cup: 6, [[Cristiano Júnior]] and [[Chidi Edeh]].<ref name=afcresults/>
* Most Goals in AFC Challenge League: 4, [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]].<ref name=afcresults/>
* Most consecutive wins against foreign opponents: 8 Matches (2003–04)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/feb/25eb1.htm|title=East Bengal sets new record|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116215725/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/feb/25eb1.htm|archive-date=16 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn-ua|East Bengal won consecutive 8 matches against foreign opponents between 16 July 2003, when the defeated [[Philippine Army FC]] in the [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]] to 21 April 2004, when they defeated [[VB Addu FC|Island FC]] in the [[2004 AFC Cup]].}}
* Most Goals by a player in a match against foreign opponents: 6, Bhaichung Bhutia (against [[Philippine Army FC|Philippine Army]], [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]]).<ref name=asean/><ref name=aseanscroll/>
* Biggest win against foreign opponents: East Bengal 9–0 [[Club Valencia]], 10 August 1985 ([[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985 Coca-Cola Cup]]).{{efn-ua|name=CocaCola}}<ref name=afcresults/><ref name="Record margin"/>
* Biggest win in Asian Cup Winners' Cup: East Bengal 8–0 [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]], 15 August 1997 (during the [[1997-98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1997-98]] season).<ref name=afcresults/><ref name="Record margin"/>
* Biggest win in AFC Cup: East Bengal 5–1 [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]], 15 May 2013 (during the [[2013 AFC Cup|2013]] season).<ref name=afcresults/><ref name="Record margin"/>
* Biggest win in AFC Challenge League: East Bengal 4–0 [[Bashundhara Kings]], 29 October 2024 (during the [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]] season).<ref name=afcresults/><ref name="Record margin"/>

====Overall record====
{{#section-h:List of East Bengal Club matches against foreign opponents|Overall record as per tournament}}

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==Bibliography==
; Books
{{refbegin}}




*{{cite book|last=Goswami|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=East Bengal Cluber Itihas|year=1963|publisher=Book Garden|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Santipriya|title=Cluber Naam East Bengal|year=1979|publisher=New Bengal Press|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Hariprasad|title=Mohun Bagan-East Bengal|year=2017|publisher=Parul Prakashan|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=Itihase East Bengal|year=2000|publisher=Deep|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali}}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor|year=2020|publisher=The Cafe Table|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali|isbn=978-93-89873-21-4}}
{{refend}}

==References==
<references>

<ref name=bastob2>{{cite web|date=25 January 2020|url=https://i-league.org/quess-east-bengal-bounce-back-with-away-win-against-chennai-city/|title=Quess East Bengal bounce back with away win against Chennai City|work=I-League|accessdate=24 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124081805/https://i-league.org/quess-east-bengal-bounce-back-with-away-win-against-chennai-city/|url-status=live}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181122001230/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/ Official website]

{{East Bengal F.C.}}
{{Durand winners}}
{{I-League Champions}}
{{I-League}}
{{Football in India}}
{{Kolkata topics}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}

[[Category:East Bengal Club-related lists|Records and statistics]]
[[Category:Sport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sport in Kolkata]]

Amritwasi

2026-05-03T11:42:37Z

Natasha6581: Made Initial Entry First Draft

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amritwasi
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.9784|N|74.2158|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Shri Dungargarh]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly Constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dungargarh Assembly constituency|Dungargarh]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 2.70
| population_total = 1468
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331803
| registration_plate = RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=30 December 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Amritwasi''' is a village located in [[Shri Dungargarh]] Tehsil within the [[Bikaner]] district of [[Rajasthan|Rajasthan, India]].
This village's population primarily rely on [[agriculture]], and many of them own their own enterprises.

==Demographics==

As per 2011 Census, conducted by Government of India; population of this village is 1,468, out of which 759 is male population and 709 is female population. There're total 175 houses in this village.
Literacy rate of this village is 44.01%<ref>{{cite web |title= Census of Amritwasi village. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69911-amritwasi-rajasthan.html |access-date=30 December 2024}}</ref>

100% of the village population follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Amritwasi Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Amritwasi Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]], a dialect of [[Rajasthani Language|Rajsthani]] is the most spoken language here. The village administration follows [[Hindi Language|Hindi]] as their official language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Amritwasi village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=96|value2=3.9|value3=0.10|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Amritwasi village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

PIN Code(Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 331803.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Alana Golmei

2026-05-03T03:37:42Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|Indian social activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alana Golmei
| image = Alana_Golmei.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Alana Golmei at India-Myanmar Media Dialogue in Shillong. 2016
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Tamenglong]], India
| education =
| occupation = social activist
| employer =
| known_for = North East Support Center & Helpline Burma Center Delhi Pann Nu Foundation
}}
Dr. '''Alana Golmei''' is an Indian humanitarian, activist, lawyer. She is the founder of Pann Nu Foundation and founding member of Burma Center Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title='He Spat and Called Me Corona': Racism Against North East Indians Feeds Off Coronavirus Panic |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/he-spat-and-called-me-corona-racism-against-north-east-indians-feeds-off-coronavirus-panic-2549223.html |website=news 18 |date=25 March 2020 |accessdate=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Beaten, abused, spat on': People from Northeast endure racist slurs amid coronavirus panic |url=https://theprint.in/india/beaten-abused-spat-on-people-from-northeast-endure-racist-slurs-amid-coronavirus-panic/387716/ |website=The Print |date=25 March 2020 |accessdate=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Coronavirus' Is Now A Racial Slur In India: What Can Govt Do To Prevent Attacks? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/coronavirus-racism-northeast_in_5e844d9cc5b6a1bb76502923 |website=Huffington post |date=2 April 2020 |accessdate=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="dcw">{{cite web | url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2016.Dr_Alana_Golmei_awarded_DCW_Achievement_Award_2016_20160309|title= Dr. Alana Golmei awarded 'DCW Achievement Award' 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/29951|title= TEDxIITGuwahati speakers }}</ref>

Golmei was awarded the [[Delhi Commission for Women]]'s Achievement Award in 2016.<ref name="dcw"/>

==Early life==
She was born in Tamenglong and is of [[Naga people|Naga]] ethnicity from [[Manipur]].

==North East Support Center & Helpline==
She started the North East Support Centre & Helpline in 2007 to assist and prevent harassment and abuses meted out to women, the [[Northeast India|North East]] people and tribal communities in [[Delhi]] and [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/yourstory-epaper-yourstory/hello+who+s+this+alana+golmei+and+her+helpline+to+fight+discrimination+against+people+from+the+northeast-newsid-83596346|title= Alana Golmei and her helpline to fight discrimination against people from the Northeast }}</ref> She is also a member [[Bezbaruah Committee]] formed in 2014 to suggest measures to deal with racial discrimination targeted at Northeastern Indians.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/let-s-talk-about-racism-don-t-call-us-chinki-momo-chowmien-asks-a-northeastern-woman/story-SJckp4InptNV6Te29dlItJ.html Let’s talk about racism | Don’t call us ‘chinky, momo, chowmein,’ says a Northeastern woman] in ''Hindustan Times,'' 2017
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTGzG8X2A3Y.html Interaction with Dr. Alana Golmei, General Secy of NE Support Centre & Helpline], in Tejasvini, DD News.
*[https://grin.news/helpline-north-east-e3f9b5f76223 Northeast Helpline numbers], by grin news

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Golmei, Alana}}
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Women from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Tamenglong district]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Activists from Nagaland]]

Balawaristan National Front

2026-04-30T02:31:37Z

Natasha6581: Made A Entry Added Tags

{{Short description|Political organization in Pakistan}}
{{Independent sources|date=April 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date = March 2019}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Balawaristan National Front
| logo = Flag of Balawaristan.jpg
| colorcode = #006E3B
| ideology = [[Balawaristan]]i [[nationalism]]
| dissolved = 1980s<ref name = "EarlyHistory"/>
| successor = BNF ([[Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)|Hameed]])<ref name = "EarlyHistory"/> [[Balawaristan National Front (Naji)|BNF-N]]<ref name = "EarlyHistory"/>
| country = Pakistan
}}
The '''Balawaristan National Front''' is a defunct<ref name="dawn">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=12 September 2020|title=GB leader abandons anti-state activities|work=DAWN|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1579253|access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref> [[political party]] which sought Independence for [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], claimed as [[Balawaristan]], as well as claims in certain regions of the Indian-Administered Kashmir, [[Kargil district|Kargil]] and [[Ladakh]], as part of its historical territory.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

==Background==
Balawaristan is a historic name for the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] region of [[Pakistan]].{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} The party considers [[Baltistan]] a part of Balawaristan as well. The Balawaristan National Front was formed by [[Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)|Abdul Hamid Khan]], Mohammad Rafiq, Shujaat Ali and [[Nawaz Khan Naji]], but has broken into two parties since then, the BNF(H) and [[Balawaristan National Front (Naji)|BNF(N)]]. This was because Abdul Hamid Khan had far more extreme views and was much more strongly nationalist than Naji, who restricted his demands to autonomy.<ref name = "EarlyHistory">{{cite news |title=The curious case of BNF-H |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/567829-curious-case-bnf-h|work=The News International (newspaper) |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118225534/https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/567829-curious-case-bnf-h |archive-date=18 November 2020 |date=26 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2009 as part of ''Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order, 2009'', the region was granted self-rule with an elected legislature for the first time in its history, despite protests from India (which regards the region as disputed territory).<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|last=Shigri |first=Manzar |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/12/us-pakistan-election-idUSTRE5AB1ZE20091112 |title=Pakistan's disputed Northern Areas go to polls |publisher=Reuters |date= 2009-11-12|accessdate=2012-05-31}}</ref>

==Political positions==

=== BNF-H ===
{{further|Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)}}
The BNF-H branch is a non functional branch which did not want to join India or Pakistan.<ref name=Outlook/> In a letter dated November 24, 2004 party Chairman BNF (Hameed Group) [[Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)|Abdul Hamid Khan]] presented a peace proposal for Kashmir to President Musharraf and [[Manmohan Singh]]. This was however not accepted by any party.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thesouthasian.org/archives/2004/a_letter_from_balwaristan.html |title=A Letter From Balwaristan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430001437/http://www.thesouthasian.org/archives/2004/a_letter_from_balwaristan.html |archive-date=30 April 2008 |newspaper=The South Asian |date=24 November 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On April 25, 2007 [[European Union]] published a report entitled 'on Kashmir: present situation and future prospects'. Section 2 of the noted the absence of democracy in [[Gilgit]] [[Baltistan]] region and in section 32 deplored the human rights violations in this region.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A6-2007-0158+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN on Kashmir: present situation and future prospects], [[European Union]], 2007-04-25</ref> Partly as a result of this, President [[Pervez Musharraf]] announced a package for the [[Northern Areas]].<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/272121/northern-areas-to-have-elected-local-govts-president-okays-devolution-package Northern Areas to have elected local govts: President okays devolution package], [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]], 2007-10-21</ref>

A 2-day conference on Gilgit Baltistan was held on April 8–9, 2008 at the European Parliament in [[Brussels]] under the auspices of International Kashmir Alliance. Here several members of the [[European Parliament]] (MEPs) expressed concern over the human rights violation in Gilgit Baltistan and urged the government of Pakistan to establish democratic institutions and rule of law in this area of northern Kashmir. Abdul Hamid Khan, Chairman Balawaristan National Front speaking at the same conference said "no democratically elected representative (from Gilgit Baltistan) was included when [[Karachi Agreement]] was signed between Pakistan and Muslim Conference leaders in 1949."
<ref name=Outlook>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?216236 |title='Treated By Pakistan As Virtual Slaves' (Interview of Abdul Hamid Khan) |newspaper=Outlook |date=28 June 2002 |accessdate=2012-05-31}}</ref>

BNH-H was later banned by the government of Pakistan for having connections to the Indian intelligence, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and involvement in destabilising activities in GB, while its leader was distancing himself from the faction.<ref name = "EarlyHistory"/><ref name="dawn"/>

===BNF-N===
{{main|Balawaristan National Front (Naji)}}
The '''Balawaristan National Front''' also wants to give the people of Gilgit Baltistan representation in the Pakistani National Assembly and Senate, and to extend the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to the region.<ref name="et"/>

The party is represented in the 33-seat [[Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly]] by a single member, Nawaz Khan Naji.<ref name="et"/>

On November 3, 2003, Nawaz Khan Najee (the party's supreme head) participated in a rally demanding [[United Nations]] intervention regarding the status of Gilgit and Baltistan.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_2-11-2003_pg7_50 UN asked to intervene on constitutional status for NAs], [[Daily Times (Pakistan)]], 2003-11-02</ref>

The party later decided to field two candidates for the 33 member assembly, but neither was voted into power. However, the package, for the first time in the history of Gilgit-Baltistan, addressed the political grievances of the local population who had felt discriminated against as they were ineligible to vote in Pakistani elections (Pakistan regards the area as a disputed territory - and any attempts to incorporate the region into the Pakistani state would jeopardize its claim vis-a-vis India).<ref name="reuters1"/> The people of the region were granted self-rule, citizenship within Pakistan, and an elected legislature to administer the region.<ref name="reuters1"/>

The party fielded two candidates in the 2009 elections for the legislative assembly of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] - though neither candidate was elected to the [[Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly|33-seat assembly]], which is dominated by mainstream Pakistani parties such as [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]], [[Pakistan Muslim League|PML]], and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam|JUI]]. However, in a special by-election in 2011, BNF founder Nawaz Khan Naji won the seat from LA-22 (Ghizar-I), with 46.4% of ballots cast in his favor.<ref name="et">{{cite web|last=Ali |first=Manzoor |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/159772/gilgit-baltistan-shocker-nationalist-candidate-wins-ghizer-by-poll/ |title=Gilgit-Baltistan shocker: Nationalist candidate wins Ghizer by-poll – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2012-05-31|quote=Naji said that the federal government should declare Gilgit-Baltistan a province of Pakistan, give its people representation in the National Assembly and Senate, and extend the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to the region}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pamirtimes.net/2011/06/07/nawaz-khan-naji-takes-oath-of-gbla-membership/ |title=Nawaz Khan Naji takes oath of GBLA membership |publisher=Pamirtimes.net |date= |accessdate=2012-05-31}}</ref>

In June 2015, BNF won the elections for Ghizer District beating PML-N by 92 votes. BNF collected 5,195 votes compared to PML-N of 5,102 votes. Nawaz Khan Najee was elected the CM of District.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Later on in 2015 Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly elections, Nawaz Khan Naji again won a seat in Legislative Assembly by winning from GBLA-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/06/09/pml-n-convinces-majority-in-gilgit-baltistan-polls/|title=PML-N convinces majority in Gilgit-Baltistan polls|work=Pakistan Today|date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/283438-PMLN-emerges-as-largest-party-in-GB-elections-wit|title=PML-N emerges as largest party in GB elections with 13 seats|date=9 June 2015|work=Dunya News}}</ref>

In 2017, Nawaz Khan Naji expressed support for China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/04/02/fate-of-gilgit-baltistan-under-cpec/|title=Fate of Gilgit Baltistan under CPEC|work=Pakistan Today|quote=“We have no issues regarding China Pakistan Economic Corridor,” said Nawaz Khan Naji, Head Balawaristan National Front.|date=2 April 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gilgit-Baltistan United Movement]]
*[[Kashmir conflict]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.balawaristan.net/ Website of Balawaristan National Front]
*[http://balawaristantimes.blogspot.com/ Balawaristan Times]
*[http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/insights/insight20080628.html The Human Rights Problem in Gilgit-Baltistan by Paul Beersmans], 2008-06-28
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110715165311/http://health.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/16inter.htm We are neither Pakistanis nor Kashmiris-Interview with Nawaj Khan Naji Part 1], [[Rediff.com]], 2004-03-15
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025714/http://www.indiaabroad.com/news/2004/mar/17inter.htm We are ready to fight against Pakistan-Interview with Nawaj Khan Naji Part 2]. [[Rediff.com]], 2004-03-16
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202141604/http://emmanicholson.info/media/end-reign-of-terror-deprivation-in-gilgit-baltistan.html End reign of terror, deprivation in Gilgit, Baltistan], [[Emma Nicholson]], member [[European Parliament]], 2008-04-08

{{Ethnic nationalism}}
{{Stateless nationalism in Asia}}

[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]]
[[Category:History of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Politics of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Separatism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Political parties of minorities in Pakistan]]

Hellinsia umrani

2026-04-25T16:01:44Z

Natasha6581: New first post and citations

{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
|image =
|image_caption =
|taxon = Hellinsia umrani
|authority = [[Vasily Nikolaevich Kovtunovich|Kovtunovich]], 2003<ref>{{cite journal |first=V. N. |last=Kovtunovich |year=2003 |title=New species of plume moths from India |journal=Entomologischeskoe Obozrenie |volume=82 |pages=752–757 |url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9291316 |url-access=limited }}</ref>
}}
'''''Hellinsia umrani''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Pterophoridae]]. It is endemic to [[India]]<ref name="Pterophoroidea of the World"/><ref name="Pathania et al. 2021"/> and known from [[Assam]].<ref name="Pathania et al. 2021"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Pathania et al. 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Pathania |first1=Prakash C. |last2=Gielis |first2=Cornelis |last3=Das |first3=Apurva |last4=Chandra |first4=Kailash |title=Catalogue of superfamily Pterophoroidea Kuznetsov & Stekolnikov (Lepidoptera) of India |journal=Zootaxa |date=2021 |volume=4915 |issue=2 |pages=201–236 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.2}}</ref>

<ref name="Pterophoroidea of the World">{{cite web |url=https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/1199/taxon/1118 |title=''Hellinsia umrani'' Kovtonovich, 2003 |work=Catalogue of the Pterophoroidea of the World 1.1.25.071 |date=12 March 2025 |access-date=29 March 2025}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5708328}}

[[Category:Hellinsia|umrani]]
[[Category:Plume moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths described in 2003]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Vasily Nikolaevich Kovtunovich]]

{{Oidaematophorini-stub}}

Madathukulam Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T21:00:16Z

Natasha6581: new initial article added tags

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{coord|10.5667|N|77.35|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 126
| map_image = Constitution-Madathukulam.svg
| established = 2008
| district = [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency|Pollachi]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = [[C. Mahendran]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}

| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}

| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| name = Madathukulam
| electors = 214,809
| reservation = None
}}

'''[[Madathukulam]]''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] newly formed after constituency [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitations]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008 |url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-15 }}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 126. It is included in [[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-10
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-02-06
}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.
It covers the area of [[Madathukulam]] block.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[C. Shanmugavelu]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[R. Jayaramakrishnan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[C. Mahendran]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.35}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.66}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.71}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madathukulam}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Shanmugavelu]] |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Jayaramakrishnan]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Radhamani |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= R. Thirumalai|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =212742 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Madathukulam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Mahendran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=84,313 |percentage=46.35% |change=2.66% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jayaramakrishnan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=77,875 |percentage=42.81% |change=-1.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Shanmugavelu]] |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,515 |percentage=3.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U Sanuja |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=6,245 |percentage=3.43% |change=2.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K Kumaresan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=2,894 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,048 |percentage=0.58% |change=-0.68% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G Ramakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=712 |percentage=0.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K Mahendrakumar |party=Independent politician |votes=611 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K Manickasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=503 |percentage=0.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Benjamin Kirubakaran |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=467 |percentage=0.26% |change=-0.20% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P Mahendran |party=Independent politician |votes=172 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,438 |percentage=3.54% |change=2.57% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,81,913 |percentage=73.20% |change= -2.89% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=11 |percentage=0.01% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,48,501 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.68% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Madathukulam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Jayaramakrishnan R |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=76,619 |percentage=44.66% |change=3.64% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Manoharan K |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=74,952 |percentage=43.69% |change=-11.02% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Maheswari A S |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=6,208 |percentage=3.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthukumar A |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,619 |percentage=1.53% |change=0.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravichandran A |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,443 |percentage=1.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,147 |percentage=1.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumaragurubaran |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=1,573 |percentage=0.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Manoharan S |party=Independent politician |votes=1,450 |percentage=0.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravishankar C |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=980 |percentage=0.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Alavudeen S |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=783 |percentage=0.46% |change=0.04% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veeramanickam S |party=Independent politician |votes=569 |percentage=0.33% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,667 |percentage=0.97% |change=-12.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,71,544 |percentage=76.09% |change= -5.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,25,451 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.05% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Madathukulam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Shanmugavelu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=78,622 |percentage=54.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Saminathan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=58,953 |percentage=41.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Varadharajan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,742 |percentage=1.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vijayaragavan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,166 |percentage=0.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Nandakumar |party=Independent politician |votes=946 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sadayappan |party=Independent politician |votes=739 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Radhakrishnan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=598 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Thangavel |party=Independent politician |votes=289 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=289 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Saminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=218 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kandhasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=141 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,669 |percentage=13.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,76,351 |percentage=81.49% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,703 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruppur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

2015 cash-for-votes scam

2026-04-23T17:08:48Z

Natasha6581: Made New Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian political scandal}}
{{about|the 2015 political scandal in [[Telangana]]|the other scandal of its kind|Cash-for-votes scandal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Story|date=April 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Fanpov|date=November 2022}}
}}
{{Political corruption sidebar|image=[[File:Flag of India.svg|150 px]]}}
{{Elections}}
The '''2015 cash-for-votes scam''' was a [[political scandal]] in [[India]], the second scandal of its kind since the 2008 [[cash-for-votes scandal]]. The 2015 political scandal started off when the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) leaders of [[Telangana]] state were caught in a video footage, aired in the media, offering bribes to a nominated MLA, [[Elvis Stephenson]], for his vote in the 2015 elections of the [[Telangana Legislative Council]]. The TDP MLA [[Revanth Reddy]] was arrested by the Telangana Police when he was offering Rs. 50 [[lakh]]s to Stephenson. Reddy was then presented before the court and was sent to jail. Similarly, with [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], the then [[Andhra Pradesh]] Chief Minister, with Stephenson was aired in the news media.<ref>Rahul, U. (8 June 2015) [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tv-channel-airs-naidumla-tape/article7292281.ece TV channel airs Naidu-MLA ‘tape’]. The Hindu</ref><ref>U. Sudhar Reddy (8 June 2015) [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150608/nation-current-affairs/article/tv-channels-telacast-ap-cm-chandrababu-naidu%E2%80%99s-call-mla-elvis TV channels telacast AP CM Chandrababu Naidu's call to MLA Elvis Stephenson]. Deccanchronicle.com. Retrieved on 18 June 2016.</ref>

The Telugu Desam party alleged that the scandal was a political vendetta, doctored by the Telangana State Government under the direction of [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao|K. Chandrashekhar Rao]], the Chief Minister of Telangana, alongside the [[YSR Congress Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-cash-for-vote-case-poll-alleged-bribe-an-audio-clip/|title=Cash-for-vote case explained: Poll, alleged bribe, an audio clip|date=10 June 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> In a further development, The [[Telangana High Court|High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad]] for the States of Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, granted bail to Revanth Reddy and two other co-accused due to lack of substantial evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/cashforvote-case-hc-grants-bail-to-revanth-reddy/article7370014.ece|title=Revanth Reddy gets bail; ACB set to approach Supreme Court|author=V Rishi Kumar|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=30 June 2015 }}</ref>

==Background==

===Events and allegations===
The elections for the Council of [[Telangana]] Assembly were initiated and the notification for six upper house seats were released. Five candidates from [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] (TRS), one from Congress and one from TDP got ready to contest the elections. TDP and allied [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) together does not have enough votes to win the contest. Then the news came out that they were trying to get votes from other parties. TDP President Chandrababu Naidu conducted meetings to analyze this matter, and based on his suggestion the leaders of TDP got into action. The rival parties have sensed that they are attempting to lure their MLA's, so the respective party leaders became cautious. In this process, a high drama took place at Stephenson's place. The TDP MLA Revanth Reddy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Cash-for-vote-Scam-TDP-MLA-Revanth-Reddy-Gives-Murky-Twist-to-MLC-Poll/2015/06/01/article2843684.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602191814/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Cash-for-vote-Scam-TDP-MLA-Revanth-Reddy-Gives-Murky-Twist-to-MLC-Poll/2015/06/01/article2843684.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2015|title=Cash-for-vote Scam: TDP MLA Revanth Reddy Gives Murky Twist to MLC Poll|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> met Stephenson with the help of an aide. Following Revanth's suggestion this aide tried to deliver Rs.50 lakh currency bundles. The videos of Revanth Reddy during this transaction turned out to be critical and aired on TV news channels.

==Video footage leak==
The video recording shows that Revanth Reddy spoke several matters with Stephenson. He mentioned that he is the active leader in Telangana and also said that his ‘Boss’ assigns crucial matters only to him. He assured that everything will be taken care by "Boss" and mentioned that he reported about money matter. He stressed that everything is done based on Boss instruction. Authorities arrested Revanth Reddy and later the video was telecasted in media. Everyone understood that when a Party MLA refers someone as ‘Boss’ repeatedly, it may be none other than the Party President Chandrababu Naidu.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/cash-for-votes-case-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-in-alleged-call-controversy-769579|title=Cash-for-Vote Case: Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu in Controversy Over Alleged Phone Call|author=Uma Sudhir|date=7 June 2015|work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Stephenson arguments==
As per the arguments of nominated MLA Stephenson, it is coming to know that Chandrababu was the one who doctored the entire episode. The sequential events began on May 28 when one by name Mattaiah met Stephenson.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ap7am.com/lv-190841-stephenson-reveals-about-cash-for-vote-deal.html|title=Stephenson reveals about cash-for-vote deal|work=ap7am.com}}</ref> Mattaiah tried to offer cash in regard to MLC elections. But, Stephenson approached ACB authorities believing that it is unethical. Later Sebastian, another person from TDP and after him Revanth Reddy entered the course of events. On May 30 Sebastian along with Revanth Reddy went straight to Stephenson's residence to negotiate the deal. The duo told him that a secret meeting with Chandrababu will be arranged. The same day evening they made him speak to Chandrababu over phone. Chandrababu assured him that he will take care of everything and mentioned that his persons informed him about the deal. He then assured him that the promises will be honored. The next day i.e., on May 31 Revanth Reddy along with his aides met Stephenson with cash. The ACB Authorities who were already on alert arrested Revanth Reddy.

==Audio leak==
An audio tape came into light, in which Naidu spoke to Stephenson. Based on what was aired in the TV news channels, Chandrababu Naidu had a phone conversation with Stephenson which he allegedly said that his men told him everything, he would look into Stephenson's matter, and that promises would be honoured. AP government advisor [[Parakala Prabhakar]] rubbished the claims and said that the audio was not of Naidu. He also questioned the source and validity of the audio.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 June 2015 |title=Cash-for-vote case: Leaked tape recordings hit Chandrababu Naidu where it hurts most |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/leaked-recordings-in-cash-for-vote-case-hits-cm-chandrababu-naidu-where-it-hurts-the-most-2284310.html |work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="auto" />

==Chandrababu Naidu's course of action==
The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu took this seriously as discussions on this issue was propagating throughout the State. He focused all his attention on this matter for several days and conducted meetings and reviews with Police higher officials. He immediately sacked the then intelligence chief Mrs. Anuradha for failing to grab information about Telangana ACB plans. The word spread rapidly that the chief initiator behind this scandal was Telugu Desam President Chandrababu Naidu after the arrest of party legislator [[Revanth Reddy]] in the scandal.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Cash for vote case: 10 reasons why TDP has no takers in its battle with TRS |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cash-vote-case-10-reasons-tdp-no-takers-battle-trs-2304552.html |work=Firstpost}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==
In May 2021, the [[Enforcement Directorate]] filed a [[chargesheet]] against Revanth Reddy in connection with the scam.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-05-27 |title=ED files charge sheet against Revanth Reddy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ed-files-charge-sheet-against-revanth-reddy/article34662072.ece |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527184434/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ed-files-charge-sheet-against-revanth-reddy/article34662072.ece |archive-date=2021-05-27 |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=U Reddy |first=Sudhakar |date=2021-05-27 |title=Cash for vote: ED files chargesheet against Telangana Congress working president Revanth Reddy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cash-for-vote-ed-files-chargesheet-against-telangana-cong-working-president-revanth-reddy/articleshow/82999671.cms |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In October 2023, 2 months before the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]], the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] dismissed his plea challenging the ACB court's decision to reject his request in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jayachandran |first=Apoorva |date=2023-10-05 |title=Revanth Reddy will be jailed in cash for vote case: Telangana minister Harish Rao |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/revanth-reddy-jailed-in-cash-for-vote-case-telangana-minister-harish-rao-2444650-2023-10-05 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> In February 2024, the Supreme Court heard an appeal and transferred the case to a trial court in [[Bhopal]] to ensure that a fair trial takes place. In April 2024, it deferred the case until July.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=Supreme Court Postpones 'Cash for Vote' Case Hearing to July 24 |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/78961/supreme-court-postpones-cash-for-vote-case-hearing-to-july-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729165058/https://www.ap7am.com/en/78961/supreme-court-postpones-cash-for-vote-case-hearing-to-july-24 |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=ap7am.com}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics|Law}}
*[[List of scandals in India]]
*[[Corruption in India]]
*[[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Scams and confidence tricks}}

[[Category:2015 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Voter suppression]]

Singapennae

2026-04-23T01:45:06Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Singappenne (TV series) new title card.png
| image_size =
| native_name =
| director = Dhanush Krishna
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Prabhas Muthaiya '''Dialogues:'''
* Pon Ilango
* Anandh Venu
}}
| based_on =
| creator =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Maneesha Mahesh
*Darshak Gowda
*Amaljith

}}
| theme_music_composer = Vikram Selva
| open_theme = "Singapennae Vaa" [[Saindhavi]] (vocals) [[Palani Bharathi]] (lyrics)
| executive_producer =
| producer = Balasubramaniam
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 735+<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maneesha Mahesh, and Amaljith starrer 'Singa Penne' completes 500 episodes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/maneesha-mahesh-and-amal-jith-starrer-singa-penne-completes-500-episodes/articleshow/121337187.cms|access-date=22 May 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
| language = Tamil
| country = India
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| company = [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]] Miracle Media
| runtime = 20–22 minutes per episode
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|10|9|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| editor = Seviloraja
| cinematography = Ramesh Kesavan
| screenplay = Prabhas Muthaiya
}}

'''''Singapennae''''' ({{Translation| ''The Woman Brave as a Lion''}}) is an Indian [[Tamil television drama]], starring Maneesha Mahesh, Darshak Gowda and Amaljith.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2025 |title=Singappenne: Everything about the family drama starring Maneesha Mahesh,Darshak Gowda and Amaljith |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/singappenne-everything-about-the-family-drama-starring-maneesha-mahesh-darshak-gowda-and-amaljith/articleshow/122898687.cms |access-date=25 July 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> It was directed by Dhanush Krishna.The series premiered on 9 October 2023 on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from Monday to Saturday. It is also available on the digital platform [[Sun NXT]]. This series became one of the most watched television shows in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Singapenne To Sundari, 5 Tamil TV Shows With Highest TRPs This Week |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/singapenne-to-sundari-5-tamil-tv-shows-with-highest-trps-this-week-8809202.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Anandi, a simple yet bold girl, resided with her parents, brother, and sister in the village of Sevarakottai. Their peaceful existence was overshadowed by Suyambulingam, also known as Suyambu, a ruthless loan shark who preyed on the villagers, offering loans against their properties. Tragedy struck when Anandi's brother eloped with his girlfriend, taking away the money intended for their elder ji wedding, effectively stopping it. When Anandi's father fell into debt and was unable to repay Suyambu, the loan shark made a cruel demand: Anandi's hand in marriage in exchange for her father's freedom. Reluctantly, Anandi agreed to this sacrifice, but the marriage was eventually halted.

Fate intervened when Mahesh arrived in Sevarakottai with his parents and his friend Mithra to perform a marriage ritual at the local temple. Mahesh was instantly captivated by Anandi. Mithra, who harbored a secret love for Mahesh, grew to resent Anandi, especially as Mahesh openly supported her and Anandi helped them complete their ritual.

Later, Anandi moved to Chennai in search of employment to repay her father's debt. Her initial encounter with Anbu led to a misunderstanding, as she mistakenly believed him to be someone who cheated girls. Eventually, Anandi secured a job at Mahesh Garments, unaware that Mahesh was the owner. There, she frequently clashed with Anbu, who also worked at the company.

Anandi soon stumbled upon a clandestine drug operation within the garment factory. Aravind, Mahesh's best friend, was secretly running this illegal business with his elder brother, Thirumoorthy. When Anandi and her friends discovered their illicit activities, Thirumoorthy attempted to eliminate them. Unbeknownst to everyone, Aravind was equally involved. Mahesh, learning of the danger Anandi was in, came to her rescue. This incident prompted him to take on the role of managing director at the company, a move that surprised his parents, as he had always shown disinterest in business, preferring foreign travels.

Mithra, realizing the depth of Mahesh's affection for Anandi, consistently insulted and created problems for her. However, Mahesh and Anbu always came to Anandi's aid. In a dramatic turn of events, Mahesh was involved in an accident while saving Anandi, and her subsequent care for him only intensified his love for her.

Meanwhile, Anandi harbored a dislike for Anbu. Anbu sneak into anandhi room in women hostel where anandhi staying and learn her like and problem when she shared with her roommates and through this he send anonymous gifts and letters, signing them "Azhagan," which gradually made Anandi fall in love with this unseen admirer.

During the company's silver jubilee celebration, Mithra orchestrated a plan to defame both Anandi and Aravind, hoping to turn Mahesh against Anandi and break off her supposed engagement with Aravind. However, her scheme backfired. Anandi and Mahesh unknowingly consumed drugged juice and fell unconscious in the same room. Mithra then moved the unconscious Anandi outside. When Anandi regained consciousness in the garden, she returned to the hostel, experiencing severe body pain. Mahesh, unaware of these events, returned home. The following day, Anandi collapsed during an argument with Anbu, who revealed that someone had tried to kill her. Mahesh rushed her to the hospital.

== Cast ==
===Main===
*Maneesha Mahesh as Anandhi Female protogonist.Anbarasan: Anbu’s wife, Azhagappan and Pechiamma youngest daughter;Kokila and Velu's younger sister (2023–present)
*Darshak Gowda as Mahesh: Thillairajan and Parvathi's foster son; Manonmani's biological son.(2023–present)
*Amaljith as Anbarasan (Azhagan) Male protogonist."Anbu",Anandhi’s husband, Lalitha's son, Yazhini's elder brother. (2023–present)

===Recurring===
* [[VJ Bavithra]] as Mithra: Main Antagonist (2023–present)
* Indhumathi Manikandan as Warden Manonmani: Mahesh's biological mother (2023–present)
* Rohith Ved as Thillairajan: Mahesh's foster father. (2023–present)
* Deepa Nethrun as Parvathi: Mahesh's foster mother. (2023–present)
* [[G. Gnanasambandan]] as Azhagappan: Kokila, Velu and Anandhi's father. (2023–present)
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Pechiyamma: Kokila, Velu and Anandhi's mother. (2023–present)
* Nivetha Ravi / Sinduja as Kokila Saravanan: Anandhi and Velu's elder sister. (2023–2025) / (2025 - present)
* Karthik Sriram as Velu: Anandhi's elder brother. (2023–present)
* [[Anju (actress)|Anju]] as Lalitha: Anbu and Yazhini's mother (2023–present)
* Poojitha as Thulasi: Anbu's fiancée (2025–present)
* Divya Vijaykumar as Yazhini: Anbu's sister (2023–present)
* Aarthi Ramkumar as Advocate Sathyavathi: Mithra's mother (2023-present)

===Other Cast===
* Srikanth (Chandrakanth) as Karunakaran (2023–present)
* Dance Master Paramesh Babu as Muthu: Anbu's best friend, Jeyanthi's husband (2023–present)
* Arunkumar Padmanabhan as Aravind: Mahesh's arch-rival (2023–present)
* Dharani Hephziba / VJ Mohana as Jeyanthi Muthu: Muthu's wife (2023–2025) / (2025 - present)
* Raviprakash as Saravanan: Kokila's husband (2025–present)
* VJ Soundharya (Soundu) as Soundharya aka Sow Sow: Anandhi's best friend (2023–present)
* Jeevitha Murugesh / VJ Kalyani as Regina, Anandhi's best friend and room mate (2023–2024) / (2024 - 2025)
* Lakshmi Raj as Suyambulingam "Suyambu" (2023–present)
* Baby Joyce as Bhavani: Thulasi's mother (2025–present)
* Geetha Narayanan as Pushpa: Karunakaran's wife (2024–present)
* Bhargavi Eshwaramoorthy as Rithika: Mithra's best friend. (2023–present)
* Dayana Inassi Muthu as Diana: Mithra's best friend (2023–present)
* Sasindhar Puspalingam as Paraman
* Rekha Angelina as Manimegalai (2023)
*'Baby' Keerthana as Chittu (2023)
*'Master' Atharsh Anandh as Suruli (2023)
*'Master' Vimalraj as Pandi (2023)
* Gracy Thangavel as Kanmani, Suyambu's sister (2023)
* Yogalakshmi as Gayathri, Anandhi's hostel friend and room mate (2023–2025)
* Hansita Vijayan as Salma, Anandhi's hostel friend and room mate (2023-2025)

==Production==

===Development===
On July end 2023, [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] confirmed that it would distribute the new Tamil serial, to be produced by Miracle Media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=சன் தொலைக்காட்சியில் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் புதிய சீரியலை இயக்கப்போகும் தனுஷ்..|url=https://www.tamilspark.com/cinema/danush-direct-a-next-serial|access-date=21 September 2023|website=www.tamilspark.com|date=21 September 2023 |language=ta|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018063127/https://www.tamilspark.com/cinema/danush-direct-a-next-serial|url-status=live}}</ref> The series shoot began in August 2023 and the first promo was released on 18 September 2023. The show is directed by Dhanush Krishna.<ref>{{Cite web|title=இயக்குனர் தனுஷ் இயக்கம் புதிய தொடர் சிங்கப்பெண்ணே...|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/20/tamil-serial-news-sun-tv-singa-penne-kannana-kanne-director-dhanush-maneesha-magesh-4075696.html|access-date=20 September 2023|website=www.dinamani.com|date=20 September 2023 |language=ta|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927113524/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/20/tamil-serial-news-sun-tv-singa-penne-kannana-kanne-director-dhanush-maneesha-magesh-4075696.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Casting===
Newcomer actress Maneesha Mahesh was cast as the female lead Anandhi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Popular actress Maneesha Mahesh to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Singa Penne'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actress-maneesha-mahesh-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-singa-penne/articleshow/103774103.cms|access-date=13 September 2023|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=25 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925132833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-actress-maneesha-mahesh-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-singa-penne/articleshow/103774103.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> alongside her Darshak Gowda was the cast as main male lead role marking his return after 'Arunthathi'. Amaljith was the cast as second male lead role marking his return after 'Amman'. Actress [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] play of the role of Pechiyamma.

In October 2023, [[Bavithra|VJ Bavithra]] was cast as Mithira (Main Antogonist).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/pandavar-illam-actress-bavithra-joins-the-cast-of-singa-penne/articleshow/104546505.cms| title=Bavithra joins the cast of 'Singa Penne'| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=19 October 2023|language=en}}</ref> In November 2023, Rekha Angelina was cast as Manimegalai.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/rekha-angelina-lands-a-pivotal-role-in-upcoming-show-singa-penne/articleshow/104878520.cms| title=Rekha Angelina lands a pivotal role in upcoming show 'Singa Penne'| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=1 November 2023|language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
The first promo was released on 18 September 2023 featuring Maneesha Mahesh and [[Rama (actress)|Rama]].<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWC8feBsDv4|title=Singapennae - Promo 1 {{!}} Sun TV|access-date=2023-10-11|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018063202/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWC8feBsDv4|url-status=live}}</ref> The second promo was unveiled on 30 September 2023,<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PixT14hJ74|title=Singapennae - Promo 2 {{!}} Sun TV|access-date=2023-10-11|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018063149/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PixT14hJ74|url-status=live}}</ref> and the third promo was unveiled on 2 October 2023, featuring Maneesha Mahesh tell the story and revealing the release date.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlqHJ_a26Lo|title=Singapennae - Promo 3 {{!}} Sun TV|access-date=2023-10-11|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018063153/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlqHJ_a26Lo|url-status=live}}</ref>

The show started airing on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on 9 October 2023, replacing ''[[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=அதிரடியாக மாற்றப்பட்ட சீரியல்களின் டைம் ஸ்லாட்... ஞாயிற்றுக்கிழமை கூட ஜமாய் தான்... காரணம் இதுவா?|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sun-tv-serials-new-time-slot-is-announced-and-zee-tamil-four-popular-prime-time-serials-to-be-telecasted-even-on-sunday-144035|access-date=19 September 2023|website=tamil.abplive.com|language=ta|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018063139/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sun-tv-serials-new-time-slot-is-announced-and-zee-tamil-four-popular-prime-time-serials-to-be-telecasted-even-on-sunday-144035|url-status=live}}</ref> This series was launched along with [[Zee Tamil]]'s series ''[[Nala Damayanthi (TV series)|Nala Damayanthi]]'' and ''[[Sandhya Raagam (TV series)|Sandhya Raagam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=விரைவில் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் மூன்று தொடர்கள்|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/26/zee-tamil-sun-tv-introduce-new-serials-nalathamayanthi-santhiya-ragam-singappenne-4078893.html|access-date=14 September 2023|website=www.dinamani.com|language=ta|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928144455/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/26/zee-tamil-sun-tv-introduce-new-serials-nalathamayanthi-santhiya-ragam-singappenne-4078893.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Trp Ratings===

''Singapennae'' became one of the most watched Tamil television programs in 2023.The show got a TVR of 10.28 on launching week on 9 October 2023. On its launch week it became the Top 5 serial of [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2023|title=புதிய தொடர்கள்... சந்தியாராகம், நளதயமந்தி, சிங்கப்பெண்ணே பெற்ற டிஆர்பி!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/oct/20/sandhya-ragam-nalathamayanthi-singapenne-serial-trp-4093263.html|website=www.dinamani.com|language=ta|access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

In January 2024, the series was the first most watched Tamil-language television series with 11.88 TVR<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-06 |title=Tamil TV Serials TRP Ratings this week – January 2024 {{!}}{{!}} Top 20 Tamil Serials List with TRP Rating |website=Cinebuds |url=https://cinebuds.com/tamil-tv-serials-trp-ratings-this-week/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:black"
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Language
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Title
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Original release
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Network(s)
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Last aired
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Notes
!style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Ref.
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Singapennae'' சிங்கப்பெண்ணே
| 9 October 2023
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| Ongoing
| Original
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=இயக்குனர் தனுஷ் இயக்கம் புதிய தொடர் சிங்கப்பெண்ணே...|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/20/tamil-serial-news-sun-tv-singa-penne-kannana-kanne-director-dhanush-maneesha-magesh-4075696.html|access-date=20 September 2023|website=www.dinamani.com|date=20 September 2023 |language=ta|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927113524/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/20/tamil-serial-news-sun-tv-singa-penne-kannana-kanne-director-dhanush-maneesha-magesh-4075696.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Navi Janmen Mi'' नवी जन्मेन मी
| 6 November 2023
| [[Sun Marathi]]
| 10 September 2025
| rowspan="5" | Remake
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sakshee Gandhi, Shilpa Thakare, And Maniraj Pawar To Work Together In The Upcoming Marathi Show 'Navi Janmen Me'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sakshee-gandhi-shilpa-thakare-and-maniraj-pawar-to-work-together-in-the-upcoming-marathi-show-navi-janmen-me/amp_articleshow/104279980.cms|date=9 October 2023|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''Badal Shesher Pakhi'' বাদল সেশের পাখি
| 13 November 2023
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| 30 June 2023
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=নতুন প্রেমের গল্প নিয়ে লীনা, প্রথমবার সানের সঙ্গে গাঁটছড়া, আসছে ‘বাদল শেষের পাখি’|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/new-bengali-serial-badal-shesher-pakhi-coming-up-on-sun-bangla-by-leena-ganguly-tes-1346515.html|date=30 October 2023|website=[[News18]]|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| ''Mynaa'' ಮೈನಾ
| 19 February 2024
| [[Udaya TV]]
| rowspan="3"| Ongoing
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=ಮೈಲಾರ ಕೋಟೆ ಮುತ್ತಣ್ಣನ ಮಗಳು ಈ ಮೈನಾ; ಉದಯ ಟಿವಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ|url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kannada-television-news-nagabharana-vijayalakshmi-starrer-mynaa-new-serial-starts-frrom-feb-16-on-udaya-tv-mnk-181707830543402.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=kn}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''Sivangi'' సివంగి
| 25 March 2024
| [[Gemini TV]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=జెమినిలో మ‌రో కొత్త సీరియ‌ల్.. ఎప్ప‌టినుంచంటే|url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/cinema-news/another-new-serial-in-gemini-tv-telecast-starts-from-march-25-ktr-52015.html|website=Chitra Jyothi|language=telugu}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| ''Chattambipaaru'' ചട്ടമ്പിപാരു
| 7 April 2025
| [[Surya TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-chattambipaaru/detail/219056/0|title=Chattambipaaru - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| ''Sangharsh Anandi Ka'' संघर्ष आनंदी का
| 10 May 2025
| [[Sun Neo]]
| 5 July 2025
| Dubbed
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-hindi-serial-sangharsh-anandi-ka/detail/222395/224033|title=Sangharsh Anandi Ka - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-tamil-serial-singappenne-episodeno-Oct09-2023/detail/175178/0 ''Singapennae''] at [[Sun NXT]]
* {{IMDb title|tt29705761}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television series by Sun Entertainment]]

M. Gnanendra Reddy

2026-04-20T01:26:58Z

Natasha6581: new initial details from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahasamudram Gnanendra Reddy
| caption = [[M.G.Reddy]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|06|07|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Penumur]], [[Chittoor District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term = 1989 - 1996
| predecessor = [[N. P. Jhansi Lakshmi]]
| successor = [[Nuthanakalva Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| spouse = Smt. M. Jayaprada
| date = September
| year = 2000
| source = http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3393.htm
}}

'''Mahasamudram Gnanedra Reddy''' (born 1 December 1947), also known as MG Reddy, is an Indian politician served as a member of the 9th [[Lok Sabha]] of [[India]]. He represented the [[Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]] constituency of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was re-elected in the 10th Lok Sabha General Election in 1991 for Chittoor Andhra Pradesh.

== References ==
{{Reflist|}}
* {{cite web |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/chittoor-constituency-andhra-pradesh-loksabha-election-1989-results-mp-voters-political-parties-data/ |title=Chittoor Constituency, Andhra Pradesh Loksabha Election 1989 Results, MP, Voters, Political Parties Data |date=7 March 2019 |access-date=2022-02-02}}
* {{cite web |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/chittoor-constituency-andhra-pradesh-loksabha-election-1991-results-mp-voters-political-parties-data/ |title=Chittoor Constituency, Andhra Pradesh Loksabha Election 1991 Results, MP, Voters, Political Parties Data |date=7 March 2019 |access-date=2022-02-02}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Mahasamudram Gnanedra}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
{{improve categories|date=February 2022}}

{{AndhraPradesh-YSRCP-politician-stub}}

Kanhai Charan Danga

2026-04-19T22:22:34Z

Natasha6581: new redirect

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kanhai Charan Danga
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Mahidhar Rana
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Kanhai Charan Danga''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kanhai Charan Danga Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=491 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kantamal Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Kanhai Charan Danga of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kantamal-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916920.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Full list of Odisha Assembly elections 2024 winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-odisha-assembly-elections-2024-winners-9365903/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danga, Kanhai Charan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sataon Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:30Z

Natasha6581: put up new details...

{{Short description|Defunct assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sataon
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency_no = 94
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2012
| district = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:259981}} ([[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]])<ref name="results2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| type = SLA
}}
'''Sataon''' was a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It ceased to exist in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=R. P. Singh winner in Sataon|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1967/sataon/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=LatestLY }} - {{Cite web |title=Sataon Assembly Constituency Election Result |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/sataon-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=Result University}} - {{Cite book |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yS9YAAAAMAAJ&dq=sataon+delimitation&pg=PA326 |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1966 |date=1967 |via=Google Books}} - {{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Sataon 2007 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/2007/uttar-pradesh-%5B2000-onwards%5D/sataon/60/28813/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/2007/uttar-pradesh-%5B2000-onwards%5D/sataon/60/28813/191 |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref> It was under [[Raebareli district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-05-08 |title=Rae Bareli is battle ready |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rae-bareli-is-battle-ready/story-4p8uSeqFYWHHLINfk7myiO.html |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=Hindustan Times }} {{Cite web |date=2012-02-17 |title=Congress banks on the Gandhi charisma to capture Rae Bareli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-banks-on-the-gandhi-charisma-to-capture-rae-bareli/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=The Indian Express }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="results1967">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3246-uttar-pradesh-1967/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=State Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan=2|Rajendra Pratap Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<ref name="results1969">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3247-uttar-pradesh-1969/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=State Election, 1969 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<ref name="results1974">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3247-uttar-pradesh-1969/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=State Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan=2|Ram Deo Yadav
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="results1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3253-uttar-pradesh-1977/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=State Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name="results1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3254-uttar-pradesh-1980/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=State Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| Krishna Kumar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan=3|[[Kamal Nayan Verma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Ram Naresh Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Shiv Ganesh Lodhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Surendra Vikram Singh]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Shiv Ganesh Lodhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coords|26.29|81.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Raebareli district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Project 76 submarine

2026-04-04T05:11:34Z

Natasha6581: starting info

{{Short description|Planned class of submarines}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox ship
| infobox_caption = Project-76
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Naval Ensign of India.svg
| image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
| name = P76-class submarines
| builders =
| operators = {{navy|India}}
| class_before = {{sclass2|Project 75I|submarine|4||}}
| cost = {{INRConvert|70000|c|lk=on|year=2025}}
| built_range =
| in_service_range =
| in_commission_range =
| total_ships_building =
| total_ships_planned = 12
| total_ships_completed =
| total_ships_active =
| total_ships_laid_up =
| total_ships_lost =
| total_ships_retired =
| total_ships_preserved =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class =
| type = [[Attack submarine]]
| tonnage =
| displacement = 3,000 tonnes
| length =
| beam =
| height =
| draft =
| depth =
| power =
| propulsion = *[[Diesel-electric transmission|Diesel-electric propulsion]]
*[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
| speed =
| range =
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| complement =
| sensors =
| EW =
| armament = Heavyweight [[torpedoes]] and [[land-attack cruise missile]]s
| armor =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''Project-76''', also referred to as '''P76''', is an initiative by India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) to develop diesel-electric [[submarine]]s for the [[Indian Navy]] (IN). The submarine is being developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO).<ref name="TP76">{{Cite news |author=Snehesh Alex Phillip |date=2022-07-18 |title=India's submarine plans hit by dwindling fleet as Navy decommissions INS Sindhudhvaj |url=https://theprint.in/defence/indias-submarine-plans-hit-by-dwindling-fleet-as-navy-decommissions-ins-sindhudhvaj/1043167/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |newspaper=The Print |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

== Background ==
In 1997, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) - the highest-decision making body of India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), approved the construction of two [[Type 209 submarine|Type 209/1500]] attack submarines (SSK) at a then-estimated cost of [[Indian rupee|INR]] ₹700 crore. This effort, which was conceived in the wake of an [[Shishumar-class submarine#Corruption charges|international corruption scandal]] related to India's acquisition of the [[Shishumar-class submarine|''Shishumar''-class submarines]], called for the construction of two Type 209/1500 SSKs at [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders|Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited]] (MDL) with the assistance of a foreign naval firm in a corroborative role. In accordance with the scheme, the [[Indian Navy]] (IN) and MDL approached several naval enterprises for assistance; however, the French-based [[Thomson-CSF]] (TCSF) was the only firm willing to participate.<ref name="SSK History2">{{Cite web |title=Undue favour to vendor in acquisition of submarines - Ministry Of Defence - Public Accounts Committee (2009-10) |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/64525/1/15_Public_Accounts_10.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225085545/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/64525/1/15_Public_Accounts_10.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-25 |website=eparlib.nic.in}}</ref>

Two years later, on 12 July 1999, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) approved a two-phase plan to build 24 submarines over a span of 30 years.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Submarine Construction Project |date=2014-12-12 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113213&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2026-01-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260110165601/https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113213&reg=3&lang=2 |archive-date=2026-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-18 |title=Navy seeks amendment to 30-year submarine plan, wants six nuclear boats |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navy-seeks-amendment-to-30-year-submarine-plan-wants-six-nuclear-boats-101621307478586.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260110055552/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navy-seeks-amendment-to-30-year-submarine-plan-wants-six-nuclear-boats-101621307478586.html |archive-date=2026-01-10 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The plan was named 'Project for Series Construction of Submarines for the Indian Navy and Acquisition of National Competence in Submarine Building', also referred as 'Submarine-building Perspective Plan'. For the first phase, six submarines each were to be built at MDL under [[Project 75]] (P-75) along with a parallel [[production line]] of another public/private shipyard<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2018 |title=24 Submarines in 30 Years? |url=https://www.spsnavalforces.com/story/?id=257 |website=www.spsnavalforces.com}}</ref> under [[Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project|Project-75 (India)]] or P-75(I) with [[technology transfer]]. Under the second phase, twelve submarines would be built including complete indigenous design, development and construction of submarines in India.<ref name="SSK History2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date=2021-11-10 |title=MDL Delivers 4th Scorpene Submarine to the Indian Navy |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/11/mdl-delivers-4th-scorpene-submarine-to-the-indian-navy/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> While the first phase was scheduled for completion within 2012, the second phase would be executed in 2012–2030.<ref name=":6" />

For the '''[[Project 75|Project-75]]''', two options emerged. The first being construction of the Type 209/1500 at MDL initially with the combat suite of TCSF with the rest being based on [[Scorpène-class submarine|modified ''Scorpène'' submarine design]] based on Naval requirements. The second option recommended the construction of all the SSKs based on the newer ''Scorpène'' design. Ultimately, the Naval Heqadquarters chose the latter, reasoning that the ''Scorpène'', which had been offered with a provision of [[technology transfer]] (TOT), was more advanced than the Type 209/1500. The initial plan to ally with TCSF was dropped in April 2001 and negotiations for the procurement of the ''Scorpène'' design under the first phase, dubbed Project-75 (P-75), began in November 2001. The ''Scorpène'' design was offered by another French-based naval firm, Armaris (later [[Naval Group|DCNS]], now [[Naval Group]]).<ref name="SSK History2" /> The P-75 contract signed on 6 October 2005<ref name="thbl-20feb062">{{cite news |date=20 February 2006 |title=Envisaging more defence ties |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015835/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece |archive-date=30 April 2018 |work=The Hindu Business Line |language=en}}</ref> resulted in the construction of six {{Sclass|Kalvari|submarine|1|5=2015}}s<ref name=":0" /> beginning 23 May 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=First of six Scorpene subs country bought in 2005 to be commissioned |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/first-of-six-scorpene-subs-country-bought-in-2005-to-be-commissioned/articleshow/56432661.cms |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The final unit, {{INS|Vagsheer|S26}}, was commissioned in January 2025.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-15 |title=PM Modi commissions INS Surat, INS Nilgiri, and INS Vaghsheer: Key points |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-departs-for-mumbai-to-dedicate-naval-combatants-inaugurate-iskcon-temple/articleshow/117251565.cms |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Though the second batch of six submarines, under [[Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project|'''Project-75 (India)''']], was to be executed simultaneously alongside P-75, financial constraints within the MoD led to P-75 being the only project sanctioned for six submarines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Scorpene Submarines — An Edge for Indian Navy's Submarine Fleet Build-up |url=https://www.spsnavalforces.com/story/?id=804&h=Scorpene-Submarines-An-Edge-for-Indian-Navys-Submarine-Fleet-Build-up |website=www.spsnavalforces.com}}</ref> Proposals to move ahead with the acquisition failed twice after the [[Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project#Design selection|project was approved in 2010 and 2014]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2010-07-11 |title=Biggest military deal: Six subs for Rs 50,000 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Biggest-military-deal-Six-subs-zfor-Rs-50000-crore/articleshow/6152862.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260110082616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Biggest-military-deal-Six-subs-zfor-Rs-50000-crore/articleshow/6152862.cms |archive-date=2026-01-10 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2014-10-26 |title=6 Made-in-India Submarines for Navy for 53,000 Crores |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-made-in-india-submarines-for-navy-for-53-000-crores-684137 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260110083151/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-made-in-india-submarines-for-navy-for-53-000-crores-684137 |archive-date=2026-01-10 |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Following delays, the Navy mandated the presence of an operational [[air-independent propulsion]] (AIP) plant with the submarine design. This was done to maintain the submarine's relevance in future as the boats' induction timeline was already delayed to 2022.<ref name=":9" /><ref name="financialexpress.com">{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Huma |date=9 March 2015 |title=Narendra Modi government shortlists Larsen & Toubro, Pipavav for Rs 60,000 crore submarine contract |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/govt-shortlists-larsen-toubro-pipavav-for-rs-6000-cr-submarine-contract/51455/ |work=The Financial Express}}</ref> The third approval from the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Indian Minister of Defence]], was accorded in January 2019.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=Government clears Rs 40,000 crore project to construct six submarines |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indian-navy-submarines-defence-ministry-dac-nirmala-sitharaman-5563576/ |work=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=MoD approves construction of 6 submarines for 40K crore |url=https://www.deccanherald.com//india/mod-approves-construction-six-715943.html |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> In January 2025, the bid by [[Larsen & Toubro]] to build {{Sclass|S-80 Plus|submarine}}, in collaboration with Spain's [[Navantia]], was disqualified.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-22 |title=Defence Ministry finds L&T proposal non-compliant in Rs 70,000 crore submarine deal |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/defence-ministry-finds-lampt-proposal-non-compliant-in-rs-70000-crore-submarine-deal20250122221402 |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=Mazagon Dock shares rise 6% as defence ministry accepts bid for P75 submarine project |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/story/mazagon-dock-shares-rise-bid-for-rs-70000-cr-submarine-project-461822-2025-01-23 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> Mazagon Dock's partnership with [[TKMS]] remained the only bidder who were thereafter invited for techno-commercial negotiations with the Indian Ministry of Defence.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-24 |title=Defence ministry to hold talks with Mazagon Docks, German co for 6 submarines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ministry-of-defence-to-hold-talks-with-mazagon-docks-german-co-for-6-submarines/articleshow/117499750.cms |access-date=2025-01-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Negotiations were reported to have begun in July 2025<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjya |first=Satarupa |last2=Kumar |first2=Bhaswar |date=2025-07-27 |title=India eyes stealth edge with new submarines amid China's growing presence |url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/navy-could-get-new-stealthy-submarines-125072700408_1.html |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> while the deal could be signed in January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2025-12-01 |title=India hopes to seal submarine contract with Germany this fiscal, MDL pares down cost ‘significantly’ |url=https://theprint.in/defence/india-hopes-to-seal-submarine-contract-with-germany-this-fiscal-mdl-pares-down-cost-significantly/2795549/ |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-07 |title=India, Germany set to cement biggest military contract to make six subs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/india-germany-set-to-cement-biggest-military-contract-to-make-six-subs/ |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

The second phase of the plan was amended midway to maintain the relevance of the submarine fleets as per evolving threats.<ref name=":6" /> The program to construct and deploy a fleet of nuclear submarines was first envisaged in late 1990s was fast-tracked following growing [[Maritime patrol|patrols]] by the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] ships. This included a solitary two-month "[[Anti-piracy measures|anti-piracy]]" patrol by a [[Type 093 submarine]] in the [[Indian Ocean]] before returning to [[Yulin Naval Base]] on 13 December 2013. On 12 February 2014, R&AW evaluations described the deployment as having significantly intensified India’s security concerns.<ref name=":33">{{cite news |last1=Unnithan |first1=Sandeep |date=10 December 2017 |title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153439/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The Navy has already acquired experience of operating [[nuclear submarines]] after leasing of {{INS|Chakra|1987}} and {{INS|Chakra|2011}} for three and nine years, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 July 2008 |title=India to get Russian nuclear submarine after 17 years |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10800&issueid=67 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222024636/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10800&issueid=67 |archive-date=22 December 2008 |access-date=19 December 2014 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2012-04-04 |title=INS Chakra: Govt inducts Russian-origin Akula II class Nerpa into Navy |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/ins-chakra-govt-inducts-8000-ton-russian-origin-akula-ii-class-nerpa-into-navy/articleshow/12526102.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407070809/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/ins-chakra-govt-inducts-8000-ton-russian-origin-akula-ii-class-nerpa-into-navy/articleshow/12526102.cms |archive-date=2012-04-07 |access-date=2012-10-04 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Navy's Only Nuclear Attack Submarine Returns To Russia Before Lease Expires |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navys-only-nuclear-attack-submarine-ins-chakra-returns-to-russia-before-lease-expires-2456368 |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The force has also ordered a [[Akula-class submarine#Chakra III|third ''Chakra'' submarine]] for a lease of 10 years starting 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gady |first1=Franz-Stefan |date=5 March 2019 |title=India, Russia To Sign $3 Billion Nuclear Sub Deal This Week |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305145949/https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |archive-date=5 March 2019 |access-date=6 March 2019 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |date=4 March 2019 |title=India, Russia to ink $3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-russia-to-ink-3-billion-nuclear-submarine-deal-this-week/articleshow/68248638.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304231035/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-russia-to-ink-3-billion-nuclear-submarine-deal-this-week/articleshow/68248638.cms |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=6 March 2019 |website=The Economic Times |location=New Delhi}}</ref> The submarine is expected to be delivered to India in 2028 following delays.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gady |first1=Franz-Stefan |date=5 March 2019 |title=India, Russia To Sign $3 Billion Nuclear Sub Deal This Week |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305145949/https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |archive-date=5 March 2019 |access-date=6 March 2019 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-12-04 |title=Govt fact checks report claiming India, Russia sealed USD 2-billion submarine deal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-russia-seal-2-billion-submarine-deal-ahead-of-vladimir-putins-delhi-visit-2830622-2025-12-04 |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2015, the [[Government of India]] through a [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) approval, gave rise to another indigenous submarine project — the '''[[Project 75 Alpha]]''' (now Project 77). A fleet of six [[nuclear attack submarine]]s, with a displacement of 6,000 tonnes, were to be built under the project.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=18 February 2015 |title=Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered attack submarines |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-clears-construction-of-7-stealth-frigates-6-nuclear-powered-attack-submarines/articleshow/46282586.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 April 2015 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> The design phase had begun by December 2017<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Unnithan |first1=Sandeep |date=10 December 2017 |title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153439/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> with constructions to commence by 2023–24 and first unit to enter service in 2032.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=INS Arighaat: How a second nuclear submarine boosts India’s strategic reach |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arighaat-how-a-second-nuclear-submarine-boosts-indias-strategic-reach-2591300-2024-08-31 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The preliminary design phase was completed by February 2020.<ref name="ETfeb2020">{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2020-02-21 |title=India's Rs 1.2 lakh crore nuclear submarine project closer to realisation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-rs-1-2-l-cr-n-submarine-project-closer-to-realisation/articleshow/74234776.cms |access-date=2020-02-23 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> In October 2024, the CCS cleared the construction of first two units in the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC), [[Visakhapatnam]], of the Ministry of Defence where the {{Sclass|Arihant|submarine}}s were built.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-09 |title=India clears two mega defence projects for 2 indigenous nuclear submarines & 31 Predator drones |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-clears-two-mega-defence-projects-for-2-indigenous-nuclear-submarines-31-predator-drones/articleshow/114095147.cms |access-date=2024-10-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The displacement was increased to 9,800 tonnes<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-14 |title=Navy setting up base to control submarines on long-range patrols |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/navy-sets-up-base-to-control-submarines-on-long-range-patrols/articleshow/114196990.cms |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and equipped with 200 [[MWe]]-rated [[nuclear reactor]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |title=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre making reactor for Navy's next-generation nuclear-submarines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bhabha-atomic-research-centre-making-reactor-for-navys-next-generation-nuclear-submarines/articleshow/124005864.cms |access-date=2025-09-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

With the approval of the Project 77, the number of boats under '''[[Project 76 submarine|Project-76]]''' was reduced to six units. The design was expected to inherit elements from the Project-75 and Project-75(I) designs.<ref name=":6" /> The development was cleared by defence ministry in June 2024 followed by a feasibility study conducted by [[DRDO]].<ref name=":11" /> An approval from the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) for the further detailed design of the submarine is due as of February 2025.<ref name=":12" />

Both Project 76 and Project 77 are being led by the [[Advanced Technology Vessel]] headquarters which is responsible for the development and construction of India's [[Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered]], [[ballistic missile submarine]] fleet including {{Sclass|Arihant|submarine|4}} and {{Sclass|S5|submarine}}s.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":33" /> While the final two submarines from the ''Arihant'' class is expected to be commissioned in early 2026 and 2027, respectively, the construction of first two units of S5 submarines has also begun in the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC), [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shivani |last2=Negi |first2=Manjeet |date=2025-12-02 |title=Navy to get INS Aridhaman, third Indian-made nuclear submarine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-aridaman-third-indian-made-nuclear-submarine-to-be-commissioned-soon-navy-chief-2829303-2025-12-02 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-29 |title=CHAKRA EXCLUSIVE: India's fourth SSBN sails out for sea trials |url=https://chakranewz.com/critical-technologies/trending/chakra-exclusive-india-rsquo-s-fourth-ssbn-sails-out-for-sea-trials |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Chakranewz |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Arihant class nuclear-powered submarine S4* likely to be named INS Arisudan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arihant-class-nuclear-powered-submarine-s4-likely-to-be-named-ins-arisudan-101767555406284.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Development ==
Naval Design Bureau, under the command of Director General (Naval Design) was working on diesel-electric submarines equipped with [[air-independent propulsion]] (AIP) in 2022.<ref name="TP76" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Linganna |first=Girish |date=2022-08-18 |title=Will India's New Submarine Fleet Be Ready by 2030? |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/will-india%E2%80%99s-new-submarine-fleet-be-ready-2030-204272 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref>

On 25 August 2023, [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] (MDL) signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with Directorate of Naval Design (Submarine Design Group) for collaboration in R&D of technology and equipment for submarine applications.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1698558429097562399 |user=MazagonDockLtd |title=#MoU between #MDL & DND-SDG for Collaboration in R&D of Technology & Equipment for Submarine Applications. |date=2023-09-04 |access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Adithya Krishna |date=2025-09-15 |title=Indian Navy’s indigenous submarine programs gather steam |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/09/indian-navys-indigenous-submarine-programs-gather-steam/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In July 2024, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) started a one-year feasibility study on the design and development of an indigenous conventional submarine under Project-76. The defence ministry had cleared the project to calculate the "contours". This programme has been taken up on the lines of the [[Advanced Technology Vessel|Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project]]. Following the study a formal case will be forwarded to the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) for project sanction. The design would include a high indigenous content including missiles, armament, [[sonar]], communication [[Electronic warfare|equipment]] suite, mast and [[periscope]]. The design will also include the [[Naval Materials Research Laboratory#Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell-based AIP system|DRDO-developed AIP module]] for the {{Sclass|Kalvari|submarine|1|5=2015}}s. However, the AIP module's current power output of {{Convert|13.5|kW|abbr=on}} would be scaled up to {{Convert|20|kW|abbr=on}} in order to meet the power outputs of future P76 design. The overall AIP is a stack of 24 [[phosphoric acid]] [[Air-independent propulsion#Fuel cells|fuel cells]] (PAFC).<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-06-30 |title=DRDO takes up preliminary study on development of indigenous conventional submarine |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-takes-up-preliminary-study-on-development-of-indigenous-conventional-submarine/article68352888.ece |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The module also includes an on-board Hydrogen generation system.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=DRDO and L&T join hands for Realisation of Indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System for Submarines of Indian Navy |url=https://www.larsentoubro.com/pressreleases/2023/2023-06-22-drdo-and-lt-join-hands-for-realisation-of-indigenous-air-independent-propulsion-aip-system-for-submarines-of-indian-navy/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=www.larsentoubro.com |language=en}}</ref>

The activation of the programme was part of the 100-day Action Plan of the Ministry of Defence (MoD)<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Shri Rajnath Singh assumes charge as Raksha Mantri for the second consecutive term |date=2024-06-13 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2025004&reg=3&lang=1 |quote=Immediately after assumption of charge, Shri Rajnath Singh chaired a review meeting on the first 100 days’ Action Plan of MoD under the new government led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. |access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref> following the [[2024 Indian general election|formation of new government]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-11 |title=MDL surges ahead in India's Rs 60,000 crore submarine project after clearing key trials |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/mdl-surges-ahead-in-indias-rs-60000-crore-submarine-project-after-clearing-key-trials/articleshow/112448280.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2024-04-04 |title=Indian Navy team in Germany to inspect AIP tech for new submarines, Spain next |url=https://theprint.in/defence/indian-navy-team-in-germany-to-inspect-aip-tech-for-new-submarines-spain-next/2027506/ |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250628150504/https://theprint.in/defence/indian-navy-team-in-germany-to-inspect-aip-tech-for-new-submarines-spain-next/2027506/ |archive-date=2025-06-28 |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of February 2025, development proposal for the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) approval would be ready by 2 months. The inter-ministerial consultation was underway. Post approval, two to three years would be required for design phase followed by five years for construction and induction. The submarines would be equipped with [[torpedo tube]]-launched [[Land-attack cruise missile|land-attack cruise missiles]] and displace 3,000 tonnes. The indigenous content is expected to be 90-95%. Imports will only include some chips, electronics, and tubes.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2025-02-22 |title=DRDO indigenous submarine proposal to go for CCS approval in couple of months; eight years for first sub |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-indigenous-submarine-proposal-to-go-for-ccs-approval-in-couple-of-months-eight-years-for-first-sub/article69251317.ece |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The submarine will include indigenous [[Fire-control system|weapon control systems]] and [[lithium-ion batteries]]. The construction of the first submarine would begin in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=Next Generation Submarine – Project 76 |url=https://www.spsnavalforces.com/experts-speak/?id=778&h=Next-Generation-Submarine-Project-76 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=www.spsnavalforces.com}}</ref> This feature is unique to this design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2023|title=Scorpene subs to be retro-fitted with the DRDO's air-independent propulsion (AIP), under Naval Group's oversight|url=https://www.ajaishukla.com/2023/01/scorpene-subs-to-be-retro-fitted-with.html|website=www.ajaishukla.com|quote=The AIP developed by the NMRL is called “fuel cell based AIP” and is unique in generating its requirement of hydrogen onboard.}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite news |date=2021-03-09|title=Fuel Cell based Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Crosses Important Milestone of User Specific Tests|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1703456&s=08|access-date=2024-12-30|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|quote=While there are different types of AIP systems being pursued internationally, fuel cell-based AIP of NMRL is unique as the hydrogen is generated onboard.}}</ref>

The development is scheduled for completion by 2026–27 followed by construction of first submarine in 6–7 years and all six to be delivered within ten years. A 15-year roadmap, named Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap 2025 (TPCR-25), unveiled development multiple key components for an Indigenous Conventional Submarine.<ref name=":10" /> Meanwhile, MDL and [[Larsen & Toubro]] have demonstrated ''[[Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle#Mazagon Dockyard (MS-X02A)|Arowana]]'' and [[Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle#Larsen & Toubro (SOV-400)|SOV-400]], respectively. MDL is also reportedly undertaken simultaneous design and development of full-scale indigenous conventional submarine by 2028.<ref name=":10" />

==See also==
'''References to the Indian Navy'''
* [[Submarines of the Indian Navy]]
* [[Future of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}
{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Attack submarines]]
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Submarines of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Larsen & Toubro]]

Bapi Halder

2026-04-04T03:39:24Z

Natasha6581: Made The Details and Citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bapi Halder
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mathurapur]]
| term_start1 = 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Choudhury Mohan Jatua]]
| successor1 =
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5774?from=members
}}
'''Bapi Halder''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the elected candidate for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2520.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Mathurapur">{{cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Mathurapur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2520.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712170428/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2520.htm |archive-date=12 July 2025 |access-date=12 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mathurapur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Mathurapur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/mathurapur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712170431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/mathurapur |archive-date=12 July 2025 |access-date=12 July 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: TMC Candidate Bapi Halder Wins In Mathurapur Constituency">{{cite news |date=5 June 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: TMC Candidate Bapi Halder Wins In Mathurapur Constituency |url=https://timelinedaily.com/lok-sabha-election-2024/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-tmc-candidate-bapi-halder-wins-in-mathurapur-constituency |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712170905/https://timelinedaily.com/lok-sabha-election-2024/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-tmc-candidate-bapi-halder-wins-in-mathurapur-constituency |archivedate=12 July 2025 |accessdate=12 July 2025 |publisher=TimelineDaily |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Wildcards {{!}} Surprise elements">{{cite news |date=13 July 2024 |title=Wildcards {{!}} Surprise elements |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-wildcards-surprise-elements-2565861-2024-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712170947/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-wildcards-surprise-elements-2565861-2024-07-13 |archivedate=12 July 2025 |accessdate=12 July 2025 |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[18th Lok Sabha]]
*[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
*[[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halder, Bapi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Damal (film)

2026-03-25T00:30:49Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|2022 Bangladeshi film}}
{{Distinguish|Dhamaal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Damal (film).png
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Raihan Rafi]]
| producer =
| based_on =
| writer = [[Faridur Reza Sagar]]
| screenplay = {{ubl|[[Nazim Ud Daula]]|Raihan Rafi}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sariful Razz]]
* [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]]
* [[Siam Ahmed]]
* [[Shahnaz Sumi]]
}}
| music = [[Arafat Mohsin]]
| cinematography = Suman Sarker
| editing =
| studio = [[Impress Telefilm]]
| distributor = {{ubl|[[Jaaz Multimedia]]|Bioskope Films}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|10|28|Bangladesh}}
| runtime = 130 mins
| country = Bangladesh
| language = Bengali
| budget = {{BDTConvert|20|m}}<ref name=budget>{{cite news|url=https://www.amadershomoy.com/entertainment/article/26304/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87|script-title=bn:'দামাল' একটি মুক্তিযুদ্ধের ছবি, বায়োপিক নয়ঃ রাফী|language=bn|first=Monirul|last=Islam|date=12 October 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|newspaper=[[Amader Shomoy]]|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021001700/https://www.amadershomoy.com/entertainment/article/26304/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{BDTConvert|20|m}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=A year for Bangladeshi films |url=https://businesspostbd.com/show-biz/2022-12-31/a-year-for-bangladeshi-films-2022-12-31 |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=businesspostbd.com |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''''Damal''''' is a 2022 [[Bangladeshi film|Bangladeshi]] [[period drama]] film directed by [[Raihan Rafi]] and produced by [[Impress Telefilm]]. Set on the [[Bangladesh liberation war]], the film features [[Sariful Razz]], [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]], [[Siam Ahmed]] and Shahnaz Sumi in lead role. The film presents a fictional storyline inspired from the [[Shadhin Bangla football team]], the team toured throughout India playing a total of 16 friendly matches to raise international awareness and economic support for the liberation war.<ref name=budget/>

==Premise==
The depressed members of Bangladesh women's football team bid farewell to their coach before he asked them to stop and sit down. The coach, who was the manager of the Shadhin Bangla football team in 1971, started narrating the heroics of the legendary football team to inspire them.

==Cast==
* [[Sariful Razz]] as Munna, captain of the football team
* [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]] as Hasna, wife of Munna
* [[Siam Ahmed]] as Durjoy, striker of the football team
* [[Shahnaz Sumi]] as Ema and girlfriend of Durjoy
* [[Sumit Sengupta]] as Munir, the goalkeeper
* [[Intekhab Dinar]] as the manager of Shadhin Bangla football team and the coach of the women football team
* [[Kayes Chowdhury]] as a doctor and the father of Munna
* [[Rashed Mamun Apu]] as Tuku Mia, a Razakar and General Secretary of [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee]]
* [[Sayed Babu]] as Major Kamran Khan from Pakistan Army
* [[Nasir Uddin Khan]] as a coach
* [[Samia Othoi]] as a striker of the women football team
* Syed Nazmus Sakib as a guerilla fighter and a friend of Durjoy
* [[Puja Agnes Cruze]]
* [[Sarwat Azad Bristi]]
* [[Mahamudul Islam Mithu]]
* [[AK Azad Setu]] as the commander of a team of freedom fighters
* [[Somu Chowdhury]] as Durjoy's father
* [[Azam Khan (actor)|Azam Khan]]
* [[Mili Bashar]] as Durjoy's elder mother
* [[Naziba Bashar]] as Durjoy's young mother
* [[Ahsan Habib Nasim]]
* [[Maznun Mizan]]
* [[Farhad Limon]] as a guerilla fighter
* [[Tiger Robi]] as the coach of the Shadhin Bangla football team

==Production==
{{quote box|width=25%|align=left|quote="For so long we have seen liberation war films as cold mood low budget films. Liberation war films are donation films. Which are not made for the general audience, but for the intellectuals. ''Damal'' is a complete exception in this regard. It is a large scale film. With ''Damal'', people all over the world will know how great our liberation war was."|source=—Raihan Rafi<ref name=comment>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/qjlozbpk49|script-title=bn:‘সব রেকর্ড’ ভাঙবে দামাল, আশায় নির্মাতা রাফী|language=bn|date=12 August 2022|access-date=5 October 2022|work=[[Bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009221943/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/qjlozbpk49|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
The [[pre-production]] of ''Damal'' started in 2018.<ref name=six>{{cite news|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/638762/%E2%80%98Damal%E2%80%99-to-outperform-%E2%80%98Poran%E2%80%99-in-box-office:-Raihan-Rafi|title='Damal' to outperform 'Poran' in box office: Raihan Rafi|date=18 August 2022|access-date=10 October 2022|newspaper=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194500/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/638762/%E2%80%98Damal%E2%80%99-to-outperform-%E2%80%98Poran%E2%80%99-in-box-office:-Raihan-Rafi|url-status=live}}</ref> Rafi described the film as his "dream project".<ref name=comment/> The story of the film is written by [[Faridur Reza Sagar]] inspired by true events.<ref name=samakal/> In 2018, Rafi was fascinated by reading the story. Despite doubts, he agreed to direct the film.<ref name=pre>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/mm706tzws2|script-title=bn:অস্ত্র যখন ফুটবল|language=bn|first=Makful|last=Hossain|date=28 October 2022|access-date=28 October 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=28 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028131158/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/mm706tzws2|url-status=live}}</ref> The story was turned into a screenplay by [[Nazim Ud Daula]] and its director [[Raihan Rafi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1829581.bdnews|script-title=bn:‘দামাল’ চলচ্চিত্রে মিম, সিয়াম, রাজ|language=bn|date=22 November 2020|access-date=3 October 2022|work=[[Bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003082451/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1829581.bdnews|url-status=live}}</ref> It took nine months to construct the screenplay of the film that connects the present generation with old by football.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-454431/|script-title=bn:ফুটবল নিয়ে রায়হান রাফির ‘দামাল’|language=bn|date=6 August 2020|access-date=24 October 2022|website=Sarabangla.net|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024105756/https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-454431/|url-status=live}}</ref> The preparation of its production began in August 2020. It was produced on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Bangladesh. At least 500 actors have been hired to act in this film. Its production became challenging in 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Its filming started on 25 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C|script-title=bn:সিনেমায় স্বাধীন বাংলা ফুটবল দলের গল্প|language=bn|date=23 November 2020|access-date=3 October 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003080922/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the debut film of Samia Othoi where she plays the role of a female footballer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jonotarbangla.net/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%9C-%E0%A6%AA/|script-title=bn:“দামাল” চলচ্চিত্র দিয়ে বড় পর্দায় পদার্পণ করতে যাচ্ছেন সামিয়া অথৈ|language=bn|date=27 August 2022|access-date=16 October 2022|newspaper=The Daily Jonotar Bangla|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016233551/https://jonotarbangla.net/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%9C-%E0%A6%AA/|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the scenes of the film were shot in [[Parbatipur Upazila|Parbatipur]] and [[Saidpur, Bangladesh|Syedpur]] of [[North Bengal]].<ref name=controversy/> The first lot was filmed for about a month.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-535963/|script-title=bn:অনুশীলন শেষে হবে ‘দামাল’-এর বাকি শুটিং|language=bn|date=31 March 2021|access-date=24 October 2022|website=Sarabangla.net|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024103957/https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-535963/|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and production complications, the filming was halted and later the filming had to be resumed by increasing the budget.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/travel/article/210664264/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE|script-title=bn:পেছনে নয় সামনে বলুন, ভুল ধরিয়ে দিন, শুধরে নেবো: সিয়াম|language=bn|first=Anindya|last=Mamun|date=6 June 2021|access-date=24 October 2022|newspaper=[[Samakal]]|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024235317/https://samakal.com/travel/article/210664264/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE|url-status=live}}</ref> In June–July 2020, [[Siam Ahmed]], [[Sariful Razz]] and Sumit Sengupta started training for football.<ref name=pre/> Razz and Siam had to take football training for a total of six months for acting.<ref name=six/> Completing the production of the film was challenging for Raihan Rafi. Siam, Razz and the director fell ill several times during its filming. Even Rafi was pessimistic about the film's future. He didn't realize that directing a sports film could be so difficult. But its story motivated him to complete the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/2cwyiio9wa|script-title=bn:দৃশ্যটি করার সময় চেহারায় হিংস্র ভাব আনতে হয়েছে...|language=bn|date=12 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016233551/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/2cwyiio9wa|url-status=live}}</ref> The filming ended on 3 June 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=276537|script-title=bn:শেষ হলো ‘দামাল’র শুটিং|language=bn|date=3 June 2021|access-date=24 October 2022|newspaper=[[Manab Zamin]]|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024010930/https://mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=276537|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Damal
| image = Damal (soundtrack).jpg
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Momtaz Begum]], Pritom Hasan, [[Imran Mahmudul]], [[Dilshad Nahar Kona]], Shakib Chowdhury, [[Oyshee]], [[Rezwana Choudhury Bannya]]
| cover =
| producer = Arafat Mohsin
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = Studio 58 Production
| genre = Film music
| length =
| language = Bengali
| label = [[Impress Telefilm]]
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = Arafat Mohsin
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Ice Cream (2016 film)|Ice Cream]]
| prev_year = 2016
| title = Damal
| year = 2022
| next_title = [[Surongo]]
| next_year = 2023
}}
}}

The film has a total of 4 songs excluding a [[Rabindra Sangeet|Tagore song]]. Its music is directed by Arafat Mohsin Nidhi. The songs are sung by [[Momtaz Begum]], Pritom Hasan, [[Imran Mahmudul]], [[Dilshad Nahar Kona]], Shakib Chowdhury, [[Oyshee]], [[Rezwana Choudhury Bannya]] respectively. The lyricist of its songs is Rasel Mahmud.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakapost.com/entertainment/dhallywood/135079|script-title=bn:‘দামাল’ সিনেমার সুর-সংগীতে আরাফাত মহসিন|language=bn|date=14 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|work=[[Dhaka Post]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003090454/https://www.dhakapost.com/entertainment/dhallywood/135079|url-status=live}}</ref> The title track titled "Damal" was produced for the campaign which was scheduled to release on 22 October 2022 but was released on 25 October 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/damal-title-track-relives-the-spirit-the-liberation-war-3152061|title='Damal' title track relives the spirit of the liberation war|date=25 October 2022|access-date=25 October 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=25 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025160143/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/damal-title-track-relives-the-spirit-the-liberation-war-3152061|url-status=live}}</ref> This promotional song was not included in the film. The music video of the song was filmed for three consecutive days from 16 October 2022.<ref name=marketing/> The song "Ami Durjoy" got positive reaction from viewers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/dhallywood/news-402686|script-title=bn:সিয়ামের ‘দামাল’ সিনেমার দ্বিতীয় গান প্রকাশ|language=bn|date=10 October 2022|access-date=24 October 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024234007/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/dhallywood/news-402686|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = ''Damal'' Soundtrack – Track listing
| extra_column = Singers
| total_length =
| title1 = Ghurghur Poka
| extra1 = [[Momtaz Begum]]
| length1 = 3:56
| lyrics1 = Rasel Mahmud
| title2 = Ami Durjoy
| extra2 = Pritom Hasan
| length2 = 3:06
| lyrics2 = Rasel Mahmud
| title3 = Mon Posh Mane Na
| extra3 = [[Imran Mahmudul]] and [[Dilshad Nahar Kona]]
| length3 = 3:17
| lyrics3 = Rasel Mahmud
| title4 = A Tagore Song
| extra4 = [[Rezwana Choudhury Bannya]]
| length4 =
| lyrics4 = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| title5 = Damal
| extra5 = [[Oyshee]] and Shakib Chowdhury
| length5 = 2:50
| lyrics5 = Rasel Mahmud
}}

==Marketing==
To promote ''Damal'', the production team took unique methods.<ref name=marketing/> On 13 September 2022, [[Channel i]] had a talk show with an unpredictable appearance of its cast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelionline.com/damal-team-promotion-in-live-political-show/|script-title=bn:পলিটিক্যাল শো’তে ঢুকে গেল ‘দামাল’ টিম, তারপর যা ঘটলো|language=bn|date=14 September 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|work=[[Channel i]]|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021060436/https://www.channelionline.com/damal-team-promotion-in-live-political-show/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 28 September, the cast of the film ''Damal'' met the [[Bangladesh women's national football team]], winner of the [[2022 SAFF Women's Championship]], for the campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bvnews24.com/entertainment/news/76437|script-title=bn:সাফ চ্যাম্পিয়নশিপ জয়ীদের সঙ্গে নায়ক শরিফুল রাজ|language=bn|date=28 September 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|website=Bvnews24.com|publisher=[[Banglavision]]|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021002553/https://www.bvnews24.com/entertainment/news/76437|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October 2022, [[T Sports]] and [[Bashundhara Kings]] became sponsors of the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/968515.details|script-title=bn:দামাল সিনেমার সঙ্গে যুক্ত হলো টি-স্পোর্টস ও বসুন্ধরা কিংস|language=bn|date=11 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|work=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012064005/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/968515.details|url-status=live}}</ref> The cast also entered a shopping mall and started playing football which attracted the attention of shoppers.<ref name=marketing/> In 18 October, the ''Damal'' team arrived at the venue of the Oikko-Channel i Music Awards 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelionline.com/damal-team-is-in-channel-i-music-awards/|script-title=bn:সংগীত পুরস্কারের মঞ্চে ফুটবল নিয়ে হাজির ‘দামাল’ টিম|language=bn|date=19 October 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|work=[[Channel i]]|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021061830/https://www.channelionline.com/damal-team-is-in-channel-i-music-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> A song titled "Damal" was recorded as part of the film's promotion, with a music video costing {{BDT|2.5 million}}.<ref name=marketing>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/q6x5e6vtq4|script-title=bn:যে গান সিনেমায় থাকবে না, সেটির জন্যই ২৫ লাখ টাকা খরচ|language=bn|date=20 October 2022|access-date=20 October 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020190028/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/q6x5e6vtq4|url-status=live}}</ref> As a novelty promotion, In 22 October, a team of actors from the film ''Damal'' played a football match against [[Bashundhara Kings]], a professional football team in Bangladesh, at the [[Bashundhara Kings Arena]] in [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/football/news/bd/974953.details|script-title=bn:বসুন্ধরা কিংস অ্যারেনায় ‘দামাল’ সিনেমার অভিনব প্রচারণা|language=bn|date=22 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|work=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022210914/https://www.banglanews24.com/football/news/bd/974953.details|url-status=live}}</ref> On the day of the film's release, the cast of the film attended the third anniversary function of the "Classroom", a facebook group consists of 2001 [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]] batch ex-students, organized at Bashundhara International Convention City.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyinqilab.com/article/529733/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE|script-title=bn:ক্লাসরুমে বর্ষপূর্তিতে তাহসান ঐশী ও দামাল টিম|language=bn|date=28 October 2022|access-date=29 October 2022|newspaper=[[Daily Inqilab]]|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029010943/https://www.dailyinqilab.com/article/529733/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 November 2022, ''Damal'' film cast was present at [[Maulana Bhasani Hockey Stadium]] to witness the hockey match of [[Metro Express Barishal]] vs [[Monarch Mart Padma]] as the goodwill ambassador.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/sport/hockey/771198/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|script-title=bn:হকির মাঠ মাতালো দামাল টিম, জিতলো বরিশাল|language=bn|date=4 November 2022|access-date=5 November 2022|work=[[Bangla Tribune]]|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105041019/https://www.banglatribune.com/sport/hockey/771198/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Controversies==
After the film's trailer was released on YouTube on 16 August 2022, three mistakes were caught. In one scene, the goalkeeper's jersey can be seen with numbers written in English while the rest of the team's jerseys are written in Bengali. The goalkeeper's jersey changes in the next scene. Besides, the weakness in the trailer's VFX can be seen.<ref name=samakal>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/2208127197/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%8F-%E0%A7%A9-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2|script-title=bn:রাফির ২ মিনিটের 'দামাল' এ তিন ভুল!|language=bn|date=17 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|newspaper=[[Samakal]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003084319/https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/2208127197/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%8F-%E0%A7%A9-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the criticism of the trailer, director Raihan Rafi said that the jersey was shown differently in two scenes due to the need of the story. However, he admitted the allegation of weakness in VFX and said that it was due to low budget.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/758586/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:'দামাল’র জার্সি বিতর্ক: ব্যাখ্যা দিলেন নির্মাতা|language=bn|date=17 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|work=[[Bangla Tribune]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003091839/https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/758586/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also, after the release of its trailer, a section of viewers objected to the use of ''[[Takbir]]'' by [[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakars]] as [[battle cry]], according to whom they did not use it during the liberation war. Although its use has been seen in various posters published by them. Pinaki Bhattacharya, a Bangladeshi blogger, claimed on Facebook that director Rafi decided to drop Takbir from the film's dialogues. Reacting to Bhattacharya's claim, another section of the audience got angry and said they would boycott the film if something like this was done. On 19 August 2022, Rafi dismissed the possibility and stated that he had made no such promise to Bhattacharya but told him that he would not satirize [[Islam]] in the film. But he said that the use of Takbir as a battle cry by the Razakars during the war of liberation is part of [[History of Bangladesh|history]] and he has not distorted history here.<ref name=controversy>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2022/08/19/1174484|script-title=bn:‘নারায়ে তাকবির’ মুছলেই বয়কট, রাফি বললেন ‘ইতিহাস বিকৃত হবে না’|language=bn|date=19 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003100830/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2022/08/19/1174484|url-status=live}}</ref>

"Damal" title track was praised after its release on 25 October 2022, but after learning that its budget was {{BDT|2.5 million}}, some doubted whether its budget was actually {{BDT|2.5 million}}. Regarding this suspicion, director Rafi said that the cost of filming the music video, the remuneration of the people who participated in the music video and the cost of advertisement were all incurred. He claimed that the stars who were not cast in the film were jealous and raised the question. It was also rumored that Impress Telefilm had sold the film's rights of theatrical release to Raihan Rafi, Bidya Sinha Saha Mim and Siam Ahmed. Rafi told ''Dhaka Mail'' that he did not know anything about this. But he did not clarify about it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dhakamail.com/entertainment/47516|script-title=bn:সত্যিই কি এই গানের বাজেট ২৫ লাখ টাকা|language=bn|date=27 October 2022|access-date=28 October 2022|website=Dhakamail.com|archive-date=28 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028120252/https://dhakamail.com/entertainment/47516|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also, after the release of the film, there was rumor that audiences of the movie theater was hired while showing the film. Rafi dismissed the rumour.<ref name=rbd>{{cite news |url=https://www.risingbd.com/entertainment/news/479476|script-title=bn:দামাল কতটা কামাল করছে?|language=bn|date=30 October 2022|access-date=31 October 2022|first=Rahat|last=Saiful|work=Rising BD|archive-date=31 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031012527/https://www.risingbd.com/entertainment/news/479476|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
The film got no-objection certificate from the [[Bangladesh Film Censor Board]] on 8 August 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelionline.com/trailer-out-of-damal-by-impress-telefilm/|script-title=bn:‘দামাল’ এর ট্রেলার সামনে আসতেই নেটদুনিয়ায় হইচই|language=bn|date=16 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|work=[[Channel i]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003083415/https://www.channelionline.com/trailer-out-of-damal-by-impress-telefilm/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Damal'' was fixed to be release on 28 October 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/news-382936|script-title=bn:দামাল একটি ইতিহাস হবে: মিম|language=bn|first=Shah Alam|last=Sanju|date=16 August 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003082939/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/news-382936|url-status=live}}</ref> The day before the film's release, it was revealed that ''Damal'' was going to be released in 22 cinemas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/news-409411|script-title=bn:'পরাণ'র পর আগামীকাল থেকে মিম-রাজের 'দামাল'|language=bn|date=27 October 2022|access-date=27 October 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027104516/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-movies/news-409411|url-status=live}}</ref> The film released in Bangladesh on the scheduled date.<ref name=rbd/> The film started showing in three more cinemas from 3 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/771122/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%8F-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%99|script-title=bn:'পরাণ' ফিরলো 'দামাল'-এ, টিকিট সব 'হাওয়া'!|language=bn|date=4 November 2022|access-date=5 November 2022|work=[[Bangla Tribune]]|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105065753/https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/771122/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%8F-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%99|url-status=live}}</ref> It is scheduled to release in [[Australia (continent)|Australia]] and the United States on 18 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.channel24bd.tv/entertainment/article/130994/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2!|script-title=bn:একই দিনে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এবং অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় দামাল!|language=bn|date=14 November 2022|access-date=14 November 2022|work=[[Channel 24 (Bangladeshi TV channel)|Channel 24]]|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114150059/https://www.channel24bd.tv/entertainment/article/130994/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2!|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Home media===
''Damal'' was digitally premiered on {{proper name|iScreen}} from 16 March 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.channelionline.com/bengali-ott-iscreen/|script-title=bn:সাময়িক অসুবিধার জন্য ‘আইস্ক্রিন’ কর্তৃপক্ষের দুঃখ প্রকাশ|language=bn|date=18 March 2023|access-date=18 March 2023|work=Channel i}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
Ahsan Kabir of [[Bdnews24.com]] referred to the film ''Damal'' as "the ultimate emotional movie with a blend of sports and patriotism". According to him, the film has a story of tension, passion and motivation of the Shadhin Bengali football team. Kabir compliments Shariful Raj's playful tenacity here with his crazy performance. He praised Mim's performance as Hasna. He also appreciated the comedy scenes of Munna and Hasna, and Durjoy and his lover here. Along with these, he praised the film's songs and art direction.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/w5ljfw5x5a|script-title=bn:দামাল: খেলা আর দেশপ্রেমের মিশেলে অনুপ্রেরণা জাগানিয়া এক সিনেমা|language=bn|first=Ahsan|last=Kabir|date=4 November 2022|access-date=5 November 2022|work=[[Bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105035849/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/w5ljfw5x5a|url-status=live}}</ref> Calling it "the most mature work Rafi has ever done", Siam Raihan of ''The Business Post'' thinks that although the trailer of the film of Raihan Rafi was able to create a hype in the country, it couldn't become successful like his previous film ''[[Poran (film)|Poran]]''. With an interesting plot, justified entertainment value, relatable themes, great cinematography and best editorial, he rated it 8 out of 10. Also he criticised its sound mixing, dubbing, cartoonish CGI, some poor dialogues and mediocre performance of Intekhab Dinar. But yet he thinks that people must not miss ''Damal''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://businesspostbd.com/entertainment/damal-film-review-the-one-you-must-not-miss|title='Damal' film review: The one you must not miss|date=8 November 2022|access-date=8 November 2022|website=Businesspostbd.com|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108161231/https://businesspostbd.com/entertainment/damal-film-review-the-one-you-must-not-miss|url-status=live}}</ref> Pradosh Mitra of ''[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]'' wrote "If you are just any other cinema goer, Damal, the film inspired by the Shadheen Bangla Football team of 1971, will seem almost flawless. But if you are a footballer or have played the game with some passion, the flaws in the movie will be hard to ignore". Mitra, who finds connection of the ending of the film with ''[[Escape to Victory]]'', thinks that the film tried to forcefully feed the message of [[women empowerment]]. But opined that ''Damal'' has great cinematic appeal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=392146|title=Damal: several flaws but still thrilling!|first=Pradosh|last=Mitra|date=9 November 2022|access-date=9 November 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109112747/https://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=392146|url-status=live}}</ref> Shadique Mahbub Islam of ''The Financial Express'' thinks it as the most unfortunate film of 2022 because although it has the potential to be commercially successful, it failed to do that. Calling "too convenient", he criticises its climax.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/entertainment/damal-is-a-fine-blend-of-sports-and-history-1668329691|title='Damal' is a fine blend of sports and history|first=Shadique Mahbub|last=Islam|date=13 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022|work=The Financial Express|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113090504/https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/entertainment/damal-is-a-fine-blend-of-sports-and-history-1668329691|url-status=live}}</ref> On the review of [[Bangla Movie database]], They Called Damal a brilliant work. Saying all of the songs were charming and the acting of everyone in the movie is great. Also Praising the Cinematography saying It must be the best cinematography on a Bangladeshi Movie so far.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-29 |script-title=bn:উপভোগ্য ‘দামাল’ - বাংলা মুভি ডেটাবেজ |url=https://bmdb.co/%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%ad%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%97%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af-%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2/ |website=BMDB |access-date=2023-03-25 |language=bn-BD}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jaago (2010 film)|''Jaago'' (2010 film)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{facebook|damal.movie}}
* {{IMDb title|id=14256386}}
* {{BMDb title|2150|Damal}}

[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Bangladeshi films]]
[[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Bangladeshi films]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi sports drama films]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1971]]
[[Category:Films set in 2018]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rangpur Division]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arafat Mohsin]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raihan Rafi]]
[[Category:Impress Telefilm films]]
[[Category:Religious controversies in film]]
[[Category:Advertising and marketing controversies in film]]
[[Category:Films based on the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi association football films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language historical drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language sports films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Imran Mahmudul]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Jaaz Multimedia]]

Baljeet Singh

2026-03-17T00:46:34Z

Natasha6581: Made The Bio Needs Work

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|Music|date=February 2017}}
{{unreliable sources|date=February 2017}}
}}


'''Bhai Baljeet Singh''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਭਾਈ ਬਲਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ, {{langx|hi|भाई बलजीत सिंह}}) is an Indian singer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cadizmusic.com/2007/index.php?location=%2Fweb%2FCatalogue%2FJHMCD003 |title="Cadiz Music - Catalogue - JHMCD003" |access-date=2022-02-19 |archive-date=2018-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003103540/http://www.cadizmusic.com/2007/index.php?location=%2Fweb%2FCatalogue%2FJHMCD003 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://musicland.in/test/audio/punjabi-songs/simar-mana-by-shreya-ghoshal-bhai-baljeet-singh-cd.html "Simar Mana By Shreya Ghoshal & Bhai Baljeet Singh CD Buy Online - Musicland.in"]</ref> Often referred to as the "Bhai Baljeet Singh USA wale", he is a well-known name in the field of [[Gurbani]] & [[Kirtan]] worldwide. His album was composed in [[India]] & [[London]] ([[United Kingdom]]).

== Achievements ==
He started learning music at the age of seven and was taught by his father Ustaad Bhai Gajjan Singh, who was a well-known tabla player.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pq4uOh_T-V4 "Ustaad Bhai Gajjan Singh Ji (A Great Tabla Player)- YouTube"]</ref> Through his father's purchases, he learned classical singing from different teachers for several years. Thereafter he organized his own Kirtan Jatha(group) and started doing Kirtan programmes professionally. In the process, he visited different cities in India and got recognition from the Sangat (devotees). In 1992 they got the opportunity to go to London and present their devotional programmes. This was the first international performance for Bhai Baljeet Singh, who continued to have a successful career.
The group's influence spread to the United States of America (U.S.A) in 2006, where they performed in [[Washington DC]] in an Interfaith concert at [[Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul]] Hall and at the [[White House]]. The group has also visited many other cities in the USA. In 2007 they performed for ''The [[Sikh]] [[Gurudwara]], [[Grand Rapids]], [[Michigan]]''.<ref>[http://www.grsikh.com/flash/sermons#/sermons/ "The Sikh Society of West Michigan SERMONS"]{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Their performance was rated highly and, as a result, they were requested to be part of congregation which provided religious services throughout the world.

== Music Release ==
His Gurbani Kirtan(hymns)album has gained mass-popularity and is listed on many online and offline retail stores<ref>[http://artistxite.com/ca/album/1674523/Simar-Mana.html "Simar Mana by Gurmeet Singh feat. Bhai Baljeet Singh: MP3 & AAC Download - artistxite"]</ref> including popular stores like [[Amazon.com|Amazon]],<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Simar-Mana/dp/B007UOMO2Q/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1364730019&sr=8-4&keywords=simar+mana "Amazon.com: Simar Mana Gurmeet Singh feat. Bhai Baljeet Singh:Official Music"]</ref> [[Flipkart]],<ref>[http://www.flipkart.com/simar-mana/p/itmdgzqxmfgp4z3d?pid=DGADGZQWHYZYY9ND&ref=6673b3c6-5e4a-444e-b395-ad30a107c026&srno=s_1&otracker=from-search&query=simar%20mana "Simar Mana: Gurmeet Singh - Download Albums Online in India Only at Flyte - Flipkart.com"]</ref> [[Webmall India]],<ref>[http://www.webmallindia.com/buy-acd-online-hindi-music-simar-mana-p-58249.html "Buy SIMAR MANA Audio CD online - Hindi Mus1c V1de0 ;) CD SIMAR MANA 2013"]</ref> etc.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Facebook|SimarMana|Simar Mana}}

* {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083653/http://bhaibaljeetsingh.com/ |title=Bhai Baljeet Singh (USA) | Gurbani Kirtan | SIMAR MANA - Official Website}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Baljeet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dipsita Dhar

2026-03-16T16:44:07Z

Natasha6581: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian student activist (born 1993)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dipsita Dhar
| image = SAVE 20200723 094529.jpg
| caption = Dhar in March 2022
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|08|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Howrah, West Bengal]], India
| education = BA (Geography) at [[Asutosh College]], MA, M.Phil, and PhD, in Population Studies at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Student activist|Politician}}
| organization = [[Students Federation of India]]
| known_for = All India SFI Leader, Social worker, Motivational Speaker
| notable_works = Red volunteer
| height_ft = 5
| height_in = 5
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| mother =
| father =
| relatives = [[Padma Nidhi Dhar]] (grandfather)
| signature =
}}
'''Dipsita Dhar''' (born 9 August 1993) is an Indian politician and student activist. She serves as the All-India Joint Secretary of the Students' Federation of India.<ref name="Das 2021">{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Prajanma |title=JNU PhD scholar Dipsita Dhar on contesting in Bengal Assembly polls: Never interested in politics till I joined college |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2021/mar/24/phd-scholar-dipsitadhar-on-contesting-in-bengal-assembly-polls-19264.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Edex Live |date=March 24, 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Banerjee|first=Souptik|date=2021-03-12|title=জাতীয় রাজনীতির লড়াকু মুখ, জেএনইউয়ের দীপ্সিতা বড় ভরসা বামফ্রন্টের|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/bally-left-candidate-is-a-student-leader-of-jnu/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=Kolkata24x7 {{!}} Read Latest Bengali News, Breaking News in Bangla from West Bengal's Leading online Newspaper|language=bn}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She was the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] candidate for the [[Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bally]] constituency in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-11|title=West Bengal polls: JNUSU's Aishe Ghosh, student leader Dipsita Dhar among candidates|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/west-bengal-polls-jnusu-s-aishe-ghosh-student-leader-dipsita-dhar-among-candidates-145027|access-date=2021-03-12|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-03|title=West Bengal polls: CPI(M) to focus on young candidates|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/west-bengal-polls-cpim-to-focus-on-young-candidates-957691.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Shrabani|last=Gupta|title=বামফ্রন্টের সম্ভাব্য প্রার্থী তালিকা!‌ জানুন কে, কোথায় দাঁড়াচ্ছেন|url=https://aajkaal.in/news/state/left-front-candidate-list-w1i5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212222/https://aajkaal.in/news/state/left-front-candidate-list-w1i5|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.aajkaal.in|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=সম্ভাব্য বাম প্রার্থীদের চিনে নিন...|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/photos/left-front-allows-young-candidates-to-contest-in-maximum-seats-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/photoshow/81319326.cms|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Ei Samay|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='21-এ বামেদের প্রার্থী তালিকায় ঐশী-দীপ্সিতা ?|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/state/kolkata/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-aishi-ghosh-and-dipshita-dhar-may-be-in-candidate-list-of-left/wb20210219214638620|access-date=2021-03-09|website=ETV Bharat News|date=19 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She ran in the [[2024 Indian General Election]] as a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] candidate from [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]] but lost.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-03-02|title=Left Front announces 16 candidates in Bengal|language=en-IN|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/left-front-first-list-16-names-west-bengal-14-ls-election-fray-first-time-9214498/|access-date=2024-03-24|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhuri |first=Subhasish|title=27 Of 29 Left Candidates Lose Deposits In A Failed Bid To Send Any Representative To Lok Sabha|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/27-of-29-left-candidates-lose-deposits-in-a-failed-bid-to-send-any-representative-to-lok-sabha/cid/2025260|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2024-06-07}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dipsita Dhar was born in [[Howrah]],<ref name="Akhauri 2021">{{cite news |last1=Akhauri |first1=Tanvi |title=Bengal Election 2021: CPI(M) Puts Faith In Aishe Ghosh, Other Young Candidates |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/women-and-the-vote/young-cpm-candidates-bengal-election-aishe-ghosh-minakshi-mukherjee/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=[[SheThePeople.TV]] |date=March 11, 2021}}</ref> West Bengal on 9 August 1993 to Pijush Dhar and Dipika Thakur Chakraborty. She graduated with a degree in geography from [[Asutosh College]] in [[South Kolkata|Southern Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-27|title=Interview with Dipsita Dhar: Exclusive interview of Dipsita Dhar, CPM candidate from Howrah's Bally|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/interview-with-dipsita-dhar-cpm-candidate-from-howrahs-bally-dipsita-dhar-exclusive-interview/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn}}</ref> She completed her Post Graduation and MPhil in geography from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.]] She did her PhD in Population Geography at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] and her fieldwork was in Kerala.<ref name="Das 2021" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=৩৪ বছরে বেশ কিছু ভুল হয়েছিল, মানছেন দীপ্সিতা|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/howrah-news/west-bengal-election-2021-interview-of-cpim-candidate-of-bali-assembly-dipsita-dhar/articleshow/81970177.cms|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Ei Samay|language=bn}}</ref>

== Political life ==

=== Student Politics ===
Dipsita Dhar started her organisational activities through Kishore Bahini, a children's group in West Bengal. She then joined [[Students' Federation of India|Students' Federation of India (SFI)]] at [[Asutosh College]], [[South Kolkata|Southern Kolkata]] and became the acting president of SFI College Unit and later the District Committee member of Kolkata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-04-22|title=10 Most influential women student leaders of India|url=https://www.aapkatimes.com/10-most-influential-women-student-leaders-of-india/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Aapka Times|language=en-US}}</ref> She joined [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] in 2013 and became the Councillor for School of Social Sciences, the first victory in JNUSU for SFI after its disruption in 2012.<ref name=":0" /> She unsuccessfully contested for the post of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union|JNUSU]] vice president in 2015.<ref name=":0" /> She later became the unit president and secretary of SFI unit in JNU.<ref name="Mumtaz 2016">{{Cite news|last=Mumtaz|first=Roase|title=Sounding out Indian youth leaders|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2016/5/6/sounding-out-indian-youth-leaders|access-date=2021-03-09|date=May 6, 2016 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> She was elected as the vice president of SFI in Delhi State Committee in 2015. She then became the Central Committee Member and Central Secretariat Member of SFI. In 2017 convention at Vijayawada in [[Andhra Pradesh]], Dipsita became the SFI's All India Girls Student Sub Committee Convener.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala's former Health Minister KK Shailaja to inaugurate SFI's All Girls Convention in Rajasthan|url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2021/dec/16/keralas-former-health-minister-kk-shailaja-to-inaugurate-sfis-all-girls-convention-in-rajasthan-26285.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Edex Live|date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=2019-11-05|title=Violence against women are continuing unabated: SFI|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/violence-against-women-are-continuing-unabated-sfi/article29882392.ece|access-date=2021-03-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She again got re-elected as the SFI's All India Girls Student Sub Committee Convener in a convention held at Sikar, Rajasthan in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipsita Dhar Is SFI All India Student Sub Committee Convener|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/english/news/national/dipsita-dhar-is-sfi-all-india-student-sub-committee-convener/5535|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Deshabhimani|language=en}}</ref> Dipsita was also part of the Student Politician Delegation to United Kingdom along with 8 others from India, organised by the [[British High Commission, New Delhi]] in 2015.<ref name=":0" />

In 2018, All India Conference of SFI at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, she was elected as the All India Joint Secretary of SFI.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-11-03|title=Students Resolve to Fight Communalisation and Privatisation at SFI All India Conference|url=https://www.newsclick.in/students-resolve-fight-communalisation-and-privatisation-sfi-all-india-conference|access-date=2021-03-09|website=NewsClick|language=en}}</ref> She has faced attack from [[Delhi Police]] for the participation in political movements including Justice for Rohit Vemula movement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stopped: Rohith march|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/stopped-rohith-march/cid/1518085|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-18|title=JNU students roughed up and detained by police|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/jnu-students-roughed-up-and-detained-by-police-journalist-beaten-rohith-vemula-death-anniversary-4479282/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Her street slogans during the anti-CAA protests helped more people connect with the political cause. During the Shaheen Bagh sit-in protests in Delhi against CAA, she was active in organising protests in Votebagan and Pilkhan of Howrah, West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bengal Elections: In Bally, Dipsita's Ground Campaign Counters Polarisation by TMC, BJP | website=Newsclick | date=2021-04-05 | url=https://www.newsclick.in/bengal-elections-bally-dipsita-ground-campaign-counters-polarisation-TMC-BJP | access-date=2021-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ആസാദി വിളികളുമായി പാലക്കാടിനെ പിടിച്ച് കുലുക്കിയ ആ യുവതാരം ഇതാണ്...|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/news/viral-news/this-is-the-viral-slogan-girl-dipsita-dhar-who-motivated-audience-against-caa-in-palakkad-q3khw7|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohan|first=Shriya|title=Sing a song of freedom|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/sing-a-song-of-freedom/article30532807.ece|access-date=2021-03-09|website=@businessline|date=10 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=हाथरस गैंगरेप: आखिर कौन हैं दलितों के साथ हिंसा करने वाले|url=https://www.outlookhindi.com/country/general/who-is-the-one-who-commits-violence-against-dalits-51771|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.outlookhindi.com/|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=SFI's General Secretary Dipsita Dhar Speaks To OTV On Delhi Violence, CAA| date=27 February 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xmSnIH-IKY|language=en|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref> She was one of the Panelist in Global Indian Progressive Panel held on 2 October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Aminah|title=Young Indian Activists Speak Truth to Power|url=https://browngirlmagazine.com/2020/10/young-indian-activists-speak-truth-to-power/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Brown Girl Magazine|date=3 October 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118192417/https://www.browngirlmagazine.com/2020/10/young-indian-activists-speak-truth-to-power/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She frequently appears on India's English, [[Hindi]] and Bengali visual media as a panelist in political debates.<ref>{{Citation|title=Agenda 'হিন্দুত্ব'? যোগীর ভাষণে তুমুল তরজা, জনতার প্রশ্নের মুখে সিপিএম-বিজেপি দুই দলই!| date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUQfI3R9EzI|language=en|access-date=2021-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=West Bengal Election 2021: বালিতে দীপ্সিতা ধরের প্রচার|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/elections/dipsita-dhar-campaigns-at-bali-807290|access-date=2021-04-09|website=ABP Ananda|language=bn}}</ref>

====Gender Issues====

She has been a public advocate and activist for several gender issues, including against violence and abuse of women.<ref name="Akhauri 2021" /> In 2016, as the president, Student Federation of India, Jawaharlal Nehru University Unit, she told ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'', "The patriarchal Indian culture is to be blamed for the rape and abuse cases. If women are not considered equal to men, they will be vulnerable to abuse within the family. Indian women need to be educated about their rights so that they can fight and defend themselves against all kinds of abuse."<ref name="Mumtaz 2016"/> She has also advocated for girl students to organize and speak out against violence against women and girls. In 2019, as the SFI national girls’ convener, she addressed female students in a speech, noting ongoing violence against women and girls, and spoke of a lack of basics, including toilets, at state-run schools.<ref name=":3" /> In 2019, as the All India Joint Secretary of SFI, she spoke out against the ICC process for addressing sexual harassment allegations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=Return of Sexual Harassment Accused Atul Johri to JNU Exposes Cracks in ICC|url=https://www.newsclick.in/jnu-sexual-harassment-atul-johri-school-life-sciences|website=NewsClick|language=en}}</ref>

She has also been an organizer of the 2017 campaign to send sanitary napkins to union ministers after its taxation (''bleed without fear campaign'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI activists send sanitary napkins to Arun Jaitley in response to GST on pads|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/07/13/sfi-activists-send-sanitary-napkins-to-arun-jaitley-in-response-to-gst-on-pads|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Newslaundry|date=13 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gegen Tabus: "Menstruierende Frauen verboten": Indischer Film bricht Tabu|url=https://www.rnz.de/wissen/gesellschaft_artikel,-gegen-tabus-menstruierende-frauen-verboten-indischer-film-bricht-tabu-_arid,338494.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.rnz.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=নারী নিরাপত্তার দাবিতে এসএফআই|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/sfi-protests-rising-crime-against-women-1.1172643|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> In 2017, as a member of Central Executive Committee of SFI, she said, "Sanitary pads should be considered as a health necessity and ideally to be provided to every underprivileged girl for free or in nominal cost, as a large sections of them, due to social taboo and economic reasons cannot not attain a satisfactory menstrual hygiene."<ref>{{cite news |title=Remove tax from sanitary napkins, say Students Federation of India (SFI) |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/students-federation-of-india-978018-2017-05-19 |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=India Today |date=May 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-12|title=Bleed without tax: SFI sends sanitary napkins to Arun Jaitley|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bleed-without-tax-sfi-sends-sanitary-napkins-arun-jaitley-65086|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]], the SFI committee freely distributed sanitary napkins as a part of the campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Students Turn Good Samaritans For Women In West Bengal, Helping Them Get Sanitary Pads Amid Lockdown|url=https://special.ndtv.com/handmade-dil-se-79/news-detail/covid-19-students-turn-good-samaritans-for-women-in-west-bengal-helping-them-get-sanitary-pads-amid--2208405/7|access-date=2021-03-09|website=special.ndtv.com}} {{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Student bodies helping out women in lockdown - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/student-bodies-helping-out-women-in-lockdown/articleshow/75097080.cms|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Patowari |first1=Farzana }}</ref> She said the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the dropout rates in schools and colleges, and girl students got most affected.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-31|title=SFI to form 'anti-drop out squads' in 2022 to bring dropped out students back to campuses|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/sfi-to-form-anti-drop-out-squads-in-2022-to-bring-dropped-out-students-back-to-campuses-1066510.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

====LGBTQIA rights====

She has publicly expressed support for the LGBTQIA community as the joint secretary of SFI and a candidate in the 2021 Bengal Assembly Elections during a meeting organized by the group Left for Rainbow Rights.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumdar |first1=Arkamoy Datta |last2=Mitra |first2=Debraj |title=Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: LGBT persons feel left out |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-lgbt-persons-feel-left-out-of-elections/cid/1811065 |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The Telegraph |date=March 31, 2021}}</ref>

====Higher Education ====

She is a vocal figure on policy issues in Indian Higher Education.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-06|title=Hanamkonda: Don't meddle with education, SFI tells Centre|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/dont-meddle-with-education-sfi-tells-centre-in-hanamkonda-578902|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List grows: IIM, IITs, AIIMS, IISc…|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/list-of-campaigners-against-citizenship-act-grows-iim-iits-aiims-iisc/cid/1727751|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LSR college student commits suicide in Telangana due to financial crunch; student unions' protest in Delhi|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/lsr-college-student-commits-suicide-in-telangana-due-to-financial-crunch-student-unions-protest-in-delhi|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shankar |first1=Aranya |title=Authorities cite Centre's guidelines: JNU students say forced to write name, dissertation in Hindi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/authorities-cite-centres-guidelines-jnu-students-say-forced-to-write-name-dissertation-in-hindi-4768691/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> She has also led the SFI delegation to the Union Ministry for addressing the under representation of marginalised students in [[Indian Institutes of Technology|Indian Institutes of Technology's (IIT)]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 15, 2019|title=Fewer number of SC/ST scholars in IITs: SFI calls for study|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/fewer-no-of-sc/st-scholars-in-iits-sfi-calls-for-study/articleshow/72629760.cms|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> and frequently advocates against caste oppression in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BHU women students raise the banner of revolt high|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/09/25/banaras-hindu-jnu-molestation-gscash|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Newslaundry|date=25 September 2017 }}</ref> She played a crucial role in Nabanna agitation in West Bengal that demanded employment and education for youth and the protests after the murder of CPI(M) activist [[Maidul Islam]] Midda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=মীনাক্ষী-দীপ্সিতারা আগলে নিলেন, তেড়েও গেলেন, নবান্ন অভিযানের সেরার শিরোপা মেয়েদের মুকুটেই - TheWall|date=11 February 2021 |url=https://thewall.in/leftist-women-played-great-role-in-nabanna-abhijan/|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ঘোষণায় বাদশা, মাইক পেলেন দীপ্সিতা-ঐশী, ব্রিগেডের সঞ্চালনাতেও নতুনত্ব - TheWall|date=16 April 2018 |url=https://thewall.in/news-state-new-faces-in-anchoring-also-in-brigade-rally/|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

'''Red Volunteer'''

She played a instrumental role in organising red volunteer, a civic action group in West Bengal, which provided medicines, oxygen, home-cooked food, sanitary napkin, to those affected adversely by COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-22 |title=The Red allies: The Left's youth wing steps up in a major way in Bengal to provide Covid support |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20210531-the-red-allies-the-left-s-youth-wing-steps-up-in-a-major-way-in-bengal-to-provide-covid-support-1805333-2021-05-22 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Student bodies helping out women in lockdown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/student-bodies-helping-out-women-in-lockdown/articleshow/75097080.cms |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=migNVNVQ3KM |title=Red Volunteer {{!}} Autism {{!}} অ্য়টিজ়মে আক্রান্ত শাইন জন্মদিনের জন্য জমানো টাকা দিল রেড ভলেন্টিয়ার্সকে |date=2021-06-13 |last=TV9 Bangla |access-date=2025-01-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

=== 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election ===
Dipsita Dhar contested against Dr. [[Rana Chatterjee]] from [[All India Trinamool Congress]] and [[Baishali Dalmiya]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] at [[Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bally (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)]], West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-20|title=West Bengal Elections 2021: 'বেইমানদের ভোট দেবেন না', বালিতে 'হল্লা বোল' স্লোগান দীপ্সিতার|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021-cpm-candidate-dipsita-dhar-starts-campaigning-in-bali-806483|access-date=2021-03-24|website=ABP Ananda|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mondal |first1=Pranab |title=Bengal polls: Trinamool, BJP opt for star appeal in youth connect, Left welcomes activists |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/17/bengal-polls-trinamoolbjp-opt-for-star-appeal-in-youth-connect-left-welcomes-activists-2277623.html |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=March 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Bengal Polls: Left Eyes Comeback Through Young Faces; Tracking Campaign Trail Of Dipsita Dhar| date=4 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktAGFM9AtEY|language=en|access-date=2021-04-09}}</ref> She lost the seat to [[Trinamool Congress|TMC's]] Dr. Rana Chatterjee with a margin of more than 30,000 votes. As part of her campaign, she has said, "Hindus and Muslims all feel hungry in the same manner. Hunger does not distinguish between communities."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shiv Sahay |title=In Bengal polls, CPI(M) bats for young candidates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/in-bengal-polls-cpim-bats-for-young-candidates/article34190722.ece |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=March 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Youth leader Dipsita Dhar talks about her experience of contesting elections|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ44AWxPaxU|language=en|access-date=2021-04-09}}</ref> She has also said, "Education has to be a fundamental right. Babasaheb Ambedkar, while writing the Constitution, understood that education can be a very important tool for mobility. [...] Education was not just an avenue to gain knowledge but a vessel to fight oppression."<ref name="Das 2021" /> She also gave high importance for youth's employment issue in her campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=West Bengal Assembly polls: Will Jai Shree Ram chant satisfy hunger? asks CPI(M)'s Dipsita Dhar|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/west-bengal-assembly-polls-will-jai-shree-ram-chant-satisfy-hunger-asks-cpims-dipsita-dhar-972277.html|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Bengal Election में JNU Student Deepsita Dhar BJP को कैसे चुनौती दे रहीं? (BBC Hindi)| date=4 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9ZR6txdSvU|language=en|access-date=2021-04-09}}</ref> Social activist and celebrities including [[Arrest of Kafeel Khan|Kafeel Khan]] and [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]] extended support for her campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: Kafeel Khan endorses CPM duo|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-kafeel-khan-endorses-cpm-duo/cid/1811197|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=সিঙ্গুরে সৃজনের পাশে শ্রীলেখা, বালিতে দীপ্সিতার হয়ে জোরকদমে প্রচার রাহুলের|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/srelekha-mitra-campaign-for-srijan-bhattacharya-in-singur-rahul-banerjee-campaign-for-dipshita-dhar-in-bali-z7nc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405162349/https://www.aajkaal.in/news/state/srelekha-mitra-campaign-for-srijan-bhattacharya-in-singur-rahul-banerjee-campaign-for-dipshita-dhar-in-bali-z7nc|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.aajkaal.in/|language=bn}}</ref> ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' described her as the ''"'' New Face of Left Politics in Bengal''."'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch {{!}} 'As Oppression Rises, So Will Protests', Says the New Face of Left Politics in Bengal|url=https://thewire.in/politics/watch-as-oppression-rises-so-will-protests-says-the-new-face-of-left-politics-in-bengal|access-date=2021-04-09|website=The Wire}}</ref> However, she lost the election and gathered 16.20% votes.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Works ==
# Dhar, Dipsita (July 28, 2020). Black Lives Matter Should Inspire a Challenge to Caste and Religious Oppression in India, ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Dipsita |title=Black Lives Matter Should Inspire a Challenge to Caste and Religious Oppression in India |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2020/07/india-antiracism-casteism-colorism |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]] |date=July 28, 2020}}</ref>
# Dhar, Dipsita (July 30, 2020). Vanilla Or Chocolate Fudge? What NEP 2020 Offers Is A Fatal Illusion Of Choice, ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Dipsita |title=Vanilla Or Chocolate Fudge? What NEP 2020 Offers Is A Fatal Illusion Of Choice |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-vanilla-or-chocolate-what-national-education-policy-offers-is-a-fatal-illusion-of-choice/357667 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=July 30, 2020}}</ref>
# Dhar, Dipsita (October 12, 2020). Rape, A Caste Continuum, ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Dipsita |title=Rape: A Caste Continuum |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/india-news-rape-a-caste-continuum/303762https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/india-news-rape-a-caste-continuum/303762https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/india-news-rape-a-caste-continuum/303762 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=October 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-heres-why-caste-matters-when-a-dalit-woman-is-raped/361253 |archive-date=April 9, 2021}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She is the granddaughter of [[Padma Nidhi Dhar]], the three time Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) in [[Domjur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Domjur]], [[Howrah district]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-02|title=শাহরুখ ক্রাশ, রাজনীতি প্রথম প্রেম, মমতার জেদ শিক্ষনীয়: দীপ্সিতা ধর|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/dipsita-dhar-exclusive-interview-on-tv9-bangla-346300.html|access-date=2021-04-09|website=TV9Bangla|language=bn}}</ref> She is also the cousin of [[Shovan|Shovan Ganguly]], the Bengali play back singer.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Dipsita Dhar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhar, Dipsita}}
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Student politics in India]]
[[Category:People from Howrah district]]
[[Category:Marxist feminists]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:Asutosh College alumni]]

Osvi Viegas

2026-03-15T03:12:08Z

Natasha6581: starting new info

{{Short description|Indian singer and composer (born 1949)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Osvi Viegas
| image = Osvi Viegas honoured (cropped).jpg
| caption = Viegas at Ravindra Bhavan, Margao in 2013
| birth_name = Osvi Sebastião Cruz Lourdes Viegas
| birth_place = [[Margão]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| other_names = {{hlist|Master Osvi Viegas|Osvy Viegas}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|2|11|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|composer|actor|playwright|theatre director}}
| years_active = 1958–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Maria Fernandes|1981}}
| children = 4
}}

'''Osvi Sebastião Cruz Lourdes Viegas''' (11 February 1949) is an Indian singer, composer, theatre actor, playwright, and theatre director who works on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].

==Early life==
Osvi Sebastião Cruz Lourdes Viegas was born on 11 February 1949 in [[Margão]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]]. He was born to Antonio Francisco Xavier Viegas, a [[police corporal]] of [[Polícia de Segurança Pública]] during the Portuguese regime, who hailed from [[Cuncolim]], Goa, and Luzia Raimunda Figueiredo, a [[homemaker]] who hailed from [[Carmona, Goa|Carmonã, Goa]], into a [[Goan Catholic]] family. Both of his parents were based in Margão. Viegas had a younger brother, Olavo (born 1952). His paternal grandparents had [[Goan Hindu]] ancestry from the [[Nayak (title)|Naique]] and [[Desai|Dessai]] clans. Viegas completed his ''Segundo Grau'' ({{Translation|First Grade}}) in Portuguese and later his [[Secondary School Certificate]] after the [[liberation of Goa]].<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
Viegas is a ''[[tiatr]]'' artist initially known for his work as a [[child artist|child performer]] and later as a singer. On 8 December 1958, at the age of 9, he embarked on his professional stage career as a child artist in the [[theatrical production]] ''Tuka Lagon'' (Because of You), under the direction and writing of Mog Joaquim. The subsequent year, in 1959, Viegas took on an acting role in another ''tiatr'' named ''Gharachi Durdoxea'', which was also crafted and directed by Joaquim. In 1960, Viegas participated in a theatrical production organized by Isdorio Cruz who hailed from [[Varca]], [[Goa]]. The following year, 1961, Viegas faced a personal loss when his father was [[shot to death|fatally shot]], prompting his family to move to [[Bombay]]. Despite this upheaval, Viegas pursued his education in Bombay. During his time in Bombay, Viegas caught the attention of a family friend named Carlos when he was singing [[Music of Goa|Konkani songs]] from [[Goan]] ''tiatrs''. Carlos then connected Viegas with the well-known ''[[tiatrist]]'' [[C. Alvares]]. Impressed by Viegas' [[solo (music)|solo]] vocal abilities Alvares said to him "You are perfect match to sing on professional stage", and cast him in two of his own productions in 1962- ''Bhattam Anim Bessam'' penned by [[Kid Boxer]] and helmed by Alvares. and ''Patki Nhoim Ghatki'' (Not a Sinner, a Traitor). By 1963, Viegas had gained recognition on the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'' stage under the [[moniker]] Master Osvi Viegas. During that year, [[Anthony Mendes]], then a leading ''tiatrist'', formally invited Alvares to cast Viegas in a role for his theatrical performance named ''Goemkar Te Goemkar'' (Goans are Goans).<ref name=":0">Meet the artiste: Osvi Viegas via [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] publication (21 August 2019)</ref>

The ''tiatr'' production ''Goemkar te Goemkar'' was a significant milestone in the career of Viegas. This ''tiatr'' garnered attention and featured three separate performances over the course of three consecutive days. Throughout the shows, Viegas exhibited his [[musical range]] by presenting three unique songs. One of Viegas's musical offerings, a piece rooted in the regional [[Kunbi]] style, was particularly well received by the audience. The response from the crowd led Viegas to [[encore]] the song, performing it a second time in response to the audience's demands. The positive reception of Viegas's performance did not go unnoticed. The popular vocalist Luciano Dias expressed admiration for Viegas's abilities and authored commendatory [[critique]]s of the ''tiatr'' in the [[Konkani language]] [[periodical]]s ''Cine Times'' and ''Goa Times'', both then-leading publications in circulation within [[Goa]]. This coverage ultimately reached Viegas's mother, who resided in the region. Concerned about her son's involvement in the [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) theater scene, Viegas's mother took action, requiring him to retum to Goa. In order to cultivate discipline, she decided to enroll him in a [[boarding school]] located in [[Pilar, Goa]]. However, Viegas's passion for the [[performing arts]] could not be extinguished, and he continued his involvement in school-based singing and drama activities with the guidance of school authorities, including the principal, Fr. P. Nazareth, [[Religious brother|Bro.]] Peter Cardozo, and Alex D'Souza, who later pursued careers in [[priesthood]] and music, respectively.<ref name=":0" />

Viegas had a diverse career spanning both ''[[tiatr]]'' and ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' productions. In the period of his academic break, he was chosen by a popular director to star in a ''tiatr'' production called ''Konn Zait ti Ostori'' (Who is that Woman?), which was presented in multiple venues across the region of Goa. This engagement marked the start of Viegas' extensive involvement in [[Goan]] theater. Following this initial ''tiatr'' role, Viegas went on to collaborate with several popular ''khell tiatr'' directors, including Menino Afonso, Mariano Silva, Jess Fernandes, Socorro Piedade Fernandes, [[Shalibai]], [[Antonio Moraes]], Ligorio Fernandes, Felly Lucas, and Diniz Sequeira, among others. The directors engaged Viegas for his unique "secondary vocal quality", which he adeptly utilized to present the ''kantos'' (songs) during their stage performances. Viegas acknowledged the influence of [[Patrick Dourado]], his [[mentor]] in the art of composing songs. Prior to developing his own [[songwriting]] skills, Viegas benefited from Dourado's guidance and assistance in crafting [[musical piece]]s. In addition to his work in ''khell tiatr'', Viegas mainly had a career as a ''tiatrist'', performing alongside a wide range of well-known artists, such as [[C. Alvares]], [[Anthony Mendes]], [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], [[Remmie Colaço]], [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], [[Jacinto Vaz]], [[Robin Vaz]], [[J. P. Souzalin]], [[Ophelia Cabral]], [[Philomena Braz]], [[Antonette Mendes]], [[Anil Kumar (actor)|Anil Kumar]], [[Joe Rose (Konkani actor)|Joe Rose]], [[Mike Mehta]], F. Cardozo, Menino de Bandar, Comedian Ambe, Comedian Agostinho, [[Mario Menezes]], and Chris-Meena, among others.<ref name=":0" />

Viegas was active in the [[performing arts]] during the mid 20th and early 21st centuries. In the year 1975, he visited [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates, to engage in a stage production. This show was crafted by Alberto and his brother, under the direction of Joe Frank, Eddy, and Viegas himself. [[Chris Perry (musician)|Chris Perry]] portrayed the role of the [[bandmaster]] in this production. After fulfilling his agreed-upon duties in Dubai, Viegas went back to his native region of [[Goa]], India. There, he started participating in traditional [[Konkani language|Konkani]] stage plays called ''[[tiatr]]s''. As of 2019, over the course of his career, Viegas is estimated to have performed between 600 and 800 songs across a variety of media, including [[Cassette tape|cassette]]s, [[audio recording]]s, videos, [[CD]]s, and live stage performances. His [[repertoire]] spanned multiple genres, such as [[solo (music)|solo]], [[duet]], and [[trio (music)|trio]] pieces, and involved collaborations with several directors and producers. Viegas also made appearances on [[All India Radio]] and Goa [[Doordarshan]], the state-run television network.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to his work as a performer, Viegas was also a composer, creating over 400 songs, some of which were featured on national and regional broadcast outlets. He also produced his own commercial recordings, including cassettes and CDs. Viegas was actively involved in the creative processes behind several popular ''tiatrs''. He was the mastermind behind the acclaimed theatrical work ''Jimmy'' and the creative force responsible for the ''tiatr Guneanvkari Unni''. Additionally, he directed more than 15 ''tiatrs'' by the year 2012. Some of Viegas' most well-known acting and singing roles were in the ''tiatrs Meera'', ''Dha Lakh'', and ''Police-I''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=160 |language=en}}</ref> Throughout his career, Viegas also toured extensively, performing Konkani ''tiatrs'' in various [[Gulf countries]] and European nations.<ref name=":1">Goa State Cultural Award: Profile of Shri. Osvi S. K. L. Viegas (Tiatr) via Directorate of Art and Culture, [[Goa]] publication (3 February 2019)</ref>

==Personal life==
As of 2012, Viegas resides in Igrejaward, [[Carmona, Goa]],<ref name=":2" /> his mother's hometown. Viegas's father, a [[police corporal]] of [[Portuguese India]], was [[shot to death]] at around 39 years old.<ref name=":0" />

===2013 physical assault===
On 27 April 2013, Viegas, aged 64, submitted a report to the [[Margao]] police, accusing two up-and-coming [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] actors of [[physical assault|assaulting]] him. According to the complaint, the incident occurred on 23 April, at 7 pm, while anticipating the appearance of his [[theatrical troupe|theatrical ensemble]] at the KTC bus stand in Margao, Viegas was present. The complaint stated that Comedienne Anita (Anita Fernandes), aged 24,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anita Santolina Audio Fernandes {{!}} Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa, India |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/en/anita-santolina-audio-fernandes |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.artandculture.goa.gov.in}}</ref> came up to Viegas and challenged him regarding a song he had sung that portrayed her in a negative light. Viegas made accusations of being subjected to [[verbal abuse]] and physical assault, including a slap from Fernandes and singer Francis de Tuem. Viegas also alleged that threats were made against him and that his gold chain went missing during the incident. In response, the Margao police registered a [[Non-cognizable offence|non-cognizable case]] against Fernandes and de Tuem under various sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]], including 323 (voluntarily causing hurt), 504 (intentional insult with intent to provoke [[breach of the peace]]), 427 (mischief causing damage), and 506 ([[criminal intimidation]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2013 |title=Carmona resident lodges complaint of assault |work=[[The Navhind Times]] |pages=4}}</ref> Francis was specifically charged for the alleged slapping incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2013 |title=Francis de Tuem booked for slapping |work=[[O Heraldo]] |pages=3}}</ref>

The same day on 27 April, in an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]'', Viegas insisted that the pair should face consequences for their behavior. Accompanied by a significant group of supporters showing solidarity, he was taken to the police station. As per Viegas' account to the authorities, the altercation started with Anita slapping him, alleging that he had composed a song about her, accusations which Viegas refuted. He affirmed his adherence to [[non-violence]] by opting to refrain from physical retaliation, citing his principles as the basis for his choice to avoid resorting to physical aggression, despite having the capacity to do so. Viegas then made an accusation that Francis, upon his arrival, proceeded to forcefully push him to the ground, resulting in a physical altercation. He stated that he suffered physical harm to his body and presented a medical report to law enforcement documenting his injuries. Viegas' colleagues at the police station commended his role as a [[mentor]] within the younger generation and his prominence in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''[[tiatr]]'' industry, while also expressing disapproval of the alleged assault.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-28 |title=Osvy hurt in tiatrists' fracas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/osvy-hurt-in-tiatrists-fracas/articleshow/19762853.cms |access-date=2024-06-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viegas, Osvi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Andul Dutta Chaudhury Family

2026-03-13T19:23:04Z

Natasha6581: Made New Details W/ Refs

{{Short description|Family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox Coat of arms
|name = Emblem (or Seal) of the family
|image = Emblem (or Seal) of the Dutta Chowdhury family of Andul.jpg
|armiger = Chowdhury of Muzaffarpur pargana.
|motto = {{lang|sa|वन्दे दत्तः पुरुषोत्तम}} (''Vande Dattah Purushottama''): "Glory to Purushottam Dutta", , the founding-father of the clan.
|use = The emblem is used by the family exclusively for non-commercial and non-profit purposes.
|notes = The emblem got Copyright Registration under Government of India.
|crest = A leader of noble rank (zamindar) is riding on an elephant. The two Leaf-Stalks around the elephant represent Revenue. Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed in the ribbon banner in Devanagari script. Below the ribbon banner is written in Bengali - দত্তচৌধুরী পরিবার, আন্দুল (Dutta Chaudhury family, Andul).}}

'''Dutta Chaudhury''' '''family''' ([[Devanagari]]: दत्तचौधरी परिवार, [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]]: দত্তচৌধুরী পরিবার, [[Persian language|Farsi]]: دوت چوودی) or the 'Duttas of Andul' were the erstwhile [[Chowdhury|Chaudhury]] (-ies) & [[zamindar]]s, during [[Bengal Sultanate|Sultanate]] and [[Bengal Subah|Mughal]] periods, of Muzaffarpur [[pargana]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eibangla24.in/%e0%a6%86%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%86%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%82%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b0/|title=EiBangla24 – Chowdhury of Andul, Dec 27, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> of the administrative unit of the 'Sarkar of [[Saptagram|Satgaon]]' (present-day [[Howrah district|Howrah]] and [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] districts) of [[Bengal Subah|Subah Bangla]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=p140-141, Ain-I-Akbari by Abul Fazal, Vol-II, published by the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1891. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6545/page/n155/mode/2up |website=archive.org|date=27 July 2018 }}</ref> The pargana further consisted of several revenue collection units referred to as ''[[moujas]]'', namely [[Andul]], [[Mahiari|Mahiary]], Alampore, Dhulagore, [[Sankrail]], Kendua, etc. The Dutta Chaudhury family was founded by [[zamindar]] Debdas (Tekari) Dutta, in the late 14th century CE.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/dhaksinbanga/howrah-hoogly/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A7%9C-%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%98-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8-1.88161|title=আন্দুল রাজবাড়িকে ঘিরে জাদুঘরের ভাবনা – Anandabazar|last=আবসার|first=নুরুল|work=Anandabazar Patrika|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> Since zamindar Tekari acquired almost the entire pargana as his estate ownership, from his father, he was designated as 'Chaudhury' (''Farsi'': چوودی) (Collector) of the pargana by [[Sikandar Shah]], the second [[Sultan of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anandautsav.anandabazar.com/heritage-puja/durga-puja-2019-traditional-durga-puja-of-dutta-chowdhury-family-of-andul-dgtl-1.1048800|title=আন্দুল দত্তচৌধুরী বাড়ির পুজোয় কুমারীকেও হাতে পরতে হয় শাঁখা|website=anandautsav.anandabazar.com|language=bn|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Khobor|url=https://www.khaboronline.com/durga-puja/durgapuja-in-duttachowdhury-family-of-andul/ |title=মহাষ্টমীর দিনে কালোপ্রদীপের আরতি হয় আন্দুলের দত্তচৌধুরীদের বাড়িতে |website=khaboronline.com |date=5 September 2020 |access-date=2020-12-20}}</ref>

It is believed that name of the place 'Andul' was derived from the word ''Anand-er-Dhuli'' (আনন্দের ধূলি), meaning 'dust of joy', coined by [[Krishnananda Dutta Chaudhury|Krishnananda Dutta]], the fourth Chaudhury & Zamindar of the pargana.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=14 February 2021|title=Naming of Andul village of Howrah.|url=http://satsakal.com/?pg=10&ar_date=14-02-2021#page10|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[Sat Sakal]]}}</ref>

The family is an offshoot of Duttas of [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eibangla24.in/বালির-দত্ত-বাড়ি/|title=Dutta family of Bally}}</ref> of Southern – [[Rarh region]], founded by Purushottam Dutta.

Once upon a time, the functional title of 'Chowdhury' for a collector of a pargana is no more functional but the family members of present-day still use it, as a legacy, along with their original surname 'Dutta' thus forming a composite surname - 'Dutta Chowdhury'. The present descendants of the family are scattered throughout India, Bangladesh and United States. A large genealogical tree of this family is there at the residence of Banbehari Datta Chowdhury at Chowdhury Para in Andul.

== Ratnakar's Philosopher's stone ==
There is a saying of getting a [[Philosopher's stone]] (Bengali: পরশ পাথর) from the river [[Hooghly River|Ganga]] in [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]] when zamindar Tekari's elder son would-be-Chaudhury Ratnakar Dutta was busy cleaning up his copper utensils on the bank of the river.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Newspaper (Bengali)|first=Sat Sakal|date=20 September 2020|title=Ratnakar Er Sparsha Mani (Ratnakar's Philosopher's stone).|url=http://satsakal.com/?pg=15&ar_date=20-09-2020#page15}}</ref>

== ''Kuladevta'' temple of the family ==
Kashiswar Jiu temple (কাশীশ্বর জিউ মন্দির)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eibangla24.in/%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9a%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%b6%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%b6/|title=Kashiswar Jiu temple, Andul, Howrah}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 January 2021|title=SAT-SAKAL Newspaper (Bengali)|url=http://satsakal.com/?pg=10&ar_date=03-01-2021#page10|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> is in [[Andul]] of [[Howrah district]] near the [[Saraswati River (Bengal)|Saraswati river]], West Bengal in India. The presiding deity is a [[Banalinga|Banlinga]] which was recovered from the river in mid-17th century CE by family's Kashiswar Dutta Chowdhury (b.1607 CE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exclusiveadhirath.com/andul-kashiswar-shiva-temple/|title=কাশীশ্বর মন্দির – হাওড়ার আন্দুলের এক প্রাচীন শিবমন্দির|date=21 August 2019|website=Exclusive Adhirath|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/the-largest-banglinga-kashiswar-bhairav|title=The largest Banglinga- Kashiswar Bhairav.|website=speakingtree.in|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> In 18th century CE a stone made [[yoni]]-like structure commonly known as ''Gauripatta,'' symbolizes goddess [[Shakti]], has been attached with the [[Lingam|Linga]].

There are other Shiva linga temples in the debottur premises, namely Bisheshwar (Lord of the Universe), Nakuleswar (''Destroyer of ego'') and Saurendra Mohaneshwar ([[Shiva]] is the lord of every material things of the [[Solar System]]).

Chowdhury MadhavChandra [[Rao Bahadur|RayBahadur]], the 22nd descendant of the family installed Madhaveshwar Shiva temple at Chowdhury para in Andul in the year 1757 CE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAT SAKAL(Newspaper) dated 25.07.2021|url=https://satsakal.com/epaper/?pg=8&ar_date=25-07-2021&fbclid=IwAR3ETEFQGUqtk4i9dqDhd0mCPJJiLPLYT6HSl8_wSa2bDrjq3HD4LfxCMFo#page8}}</ref>

== Durga puja in the family ==
[[File:Dutta Chowdhury Durga puja, 1988 CE.jpg|alt=|thumb|Durga puja of the Dutta Chowdhury family in Andul. Aritisian - Becharam Adhikary (Becha poto). ''Photo - 1988 CE.'']]
Family celebrates [[Durga puja of West Bengal|autumnal festival]] (Durga puja) since the time of their forefather Ram Sharan Dutta Chowdhury (1548–1606 CE);<ref>{{Cite web|last=1568 CE|first=Ramsharan's Dugotsava|date=19 October 2020|title=Dutta Chowdhury family's Durga puja in Andul|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkqoDMuaS2Y&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR10Ms4aSTLa5MZxnKlrKSZma2ZBmZEBJKajFVpLNM-exI2aPN_BeQ4pQBY|via=Youtube }}</ref> he initiated the annual festival in the Saka era of 1490, which corresponds to 1568 CE in the [[Gregorian calendar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/traditional-puja-celebrated-at-duttachowdhury-family-at-andul-225248.html|title=দেবীর বোধন শুরু হলেই হাতে শাঁখা পরেন এ পরিবারের অবিবাহিত মেয়েরা– News18 Bengali|website=bengali.news18.com|date=12 October 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://howrahtimes.com/জেলা-ও-রাজ্যের-খবর/হাওড়া-জেলার-অন্যতম-প্রাচ/|title=হাওড়া জেলার অন্যতম প্রাচীন দত্তচৌধুরী পরিবারের দুর্গাপুজো। {{!}} {{!}} Howrah Times|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eibangla24.in/%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c-%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%80/|title=রাজ-রাজেশ্বরী {{!}} EiBangla24|last=EiBangla 24|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarpujo.com/bonedi-barir-pujo/|title=Durga puja of the Dutta Chowdhury family of Andul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kinjalbose.wordpress.com/2018/10/19/durga-puja-of-howrahs-bonedi-families-part-ii/|title=KINJAL BOSE – Age old Durga puja od Dutta Chowdhury family of Andul, Howrah.|date=19 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=satsakal.com - Bengali eNewspaper in India|url=http://satsakal.com/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=satsakal.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=dailynewsreel.in/andul-dutta-chaudhuri-durga-puja/| date=19 October 2020 |url=https://dailynewsreel.in/andul-dutta-chaudhuri-durga-puja/?fbclid=IwAR2zgepVKqNqQytQPSy5I4zmcOjLSku3cCdyY4u--fV8LEEw1U1ATPCYE3s}}</ref> at the ancestral village.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exclusiveadhirath.com/durga-puja-andul-bonedi-bari/|title=exclusiveadhirath.com/DuttaChowdhuryFamily's_Durga_puja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=51814&boxid=37212|title=Ei-Samay/DuttaChowdhuryFamily}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=19 September 2021|title=Sangbad Samachar|url=https://sangbadsamachar.com/religion-tradition/there-is-a-provision-in-the-andul-datta-chowdhury-family-that-unmarried-girls-should-wear-conch-shells-only-after-reading-devi-paksha/?fbclid=IwAR1WmCciMRWaQAsXmGMTlNtURz9FV-nCvBnphhTd6qWGYzhX1yNNlePEMsw}}</ref>[http://satsakal.com/?pg=4&ar_date=23-08-2020#page4]

Family's Radha-Madhava deities are presently located in [[Odisha]], which was taken from Andul to [[Kendrapara|Chhoti]] village of Odisha by Ramsharan's grandfather [[Krishnananda Dutta Chaudhury|Krishnananda]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kolkata, WB, India.|first=Sat-Sakal|date=8 November 2020|title=Krishnananda Dutta Chowdhury & his deities, from Andul (West Bengal) to Chhoti (Odisha).|work=Sat-Sakal Newspaper, Kolkata.|url=http://satsakal.com/?pg=10&ar_date=08-11-2020#page10|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>

== As Diwan ==
Golok Chandra Chowdhury was the [[Dewan|Diwan]] of [[Andul rajbari|Andul Raj Estate]] under Raja RajNarayan RoyBahadur<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAT SAKAL (Newspaper) dated 18.07.2021|url=https://satsakal.com/epaper/?pg=8&ar_date=18-07-2021#page8}}</ref> and Biswambar Chowdhury was the Diwan of the Mullick family of Andul.

== Notable personalities of the family ==

*[[Krishnananda Dutta Chaudhury]]
*[[Akshay Chandra Chaudhury]]
*[[Basanta Choudhury]]

== Photo gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Durga Temple - Dutta Chowdhury Family - Andul - Howrah 2012-03-25 2930.JPG|''Durga-dalan'' of the Chowdhury family at Chowdhury para in Andul, reconstructed in the year 1930 CE.
File:Official Seal Mohor of Srisri Kashiswar Debottur Estate of Dutta Chowdhury family of Andul, Howrah.png|Seal of the family's Debottur Estate in Andul.
File:The two old books on the history of the Dutta Chowdhury family, Andul. .jpg|The two old books on the history of the family, Andul - ''Dutta Vansa Mala'' (1876 CE) and ''Amar Gramer Kotha'' (1944 CE), in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language.
File:Kashiswar Bhairava, Andul.jpg|Kashiswar Jiu - the age-old ancestral deity of the family, installed by Kashiswar Dutta Chowdhury in mid-17th century CE.
File:Estate Emblem of Dutta Chowdhury family of Andul.png|Original and registered emblem of the Chowdhury family.
File:Royal Seal of family debottur.jpg|Seal used in Debottur Estate
</gallery>

== Dutta Chowdhury clan at Hatkhola ==
[[Kolkata]]-based Hatkhola Dutta family is a branch of the Chowdhury family.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://anandautsav.anandabazar.com/heritage-puja/heritage-durga-puja-of-hatkhola-dutta-bari-249|title=হাটখোলা দত্ত পরিবারের পুজো|last=ভট্টাচার্য|first=বিভূতিসুন্দর|work=Ananda Utsav: Durga Puja Special 2016 on anandabazar.com|access-date=8 June 2017|language=bn-BD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327044449/http://anandautsav.anandabazar.com/heritage-puja/heritage-durga-puja-of-hatkhola-dutta-bari-249|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Books ==

# ''Dutta Chaudhuri Chronicles - Our Ancestry'',<ref>{{Cite book|title=Google book - Dutta Chaudhuri Chronicles: Our Ancestry|isbn = 9798616610058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UNkzQEACAAJ|last1 = Chaudhuri|first1 = Hemotpaul|date = 23 February 2020| publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - KDP Print US }}</ref> 2020, By Hemotpaul Chaudhuri.{{ISBN|979-8616610058}}
# ''Chowdhury Bongsher Itibritto'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chowdhury Bongsher Itibritto by Dhruba Dutta Chaudhury.|url=http://vuxekuge.appspot.com/200/Chowdhury+Bongsher+Itibritto%28Paperback%2C+Dhruba+Dutta+Chaudhury%29/9789390380893}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Copyright Office|url=https://copyright.gov.in/SearchRoc.aspx|access-date=2020-12-19|website=copyright.gov.in}}</ref> 2020,By Dhruba Dutta Chaudhury. [https://www.bluerosepublishers.com/ Blue Rose Publishers], New Delhi, {{ISBN|978-9390380893}} of ROC no. L-97526/2020 dated 11 Dec 2020 vide Copy Right office,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Copyright Office|url=https://copyright.gov.in/Aboutus.aspx|access-date=2020-12-19|website=copyright.gov.in}}</ref> [[Government of India]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta Chaudhury family of Andul}}
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Hindu families]]
[[Category:People from Howrah]]

Vilkkanundu Swapnangal

2026-03-03T21:15:13Z

Natasha6581: Improved article clarity and structure

{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vilkkanundu Swapnangal
| image = Vilkkanundu Swapnangal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Pre-release poster
| director = Azad
| producer = V. B. K. Menon
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
| narrator =
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Sukumaran]]|[[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]]|[[Mammootty]]|[[Sreevidya]]|[[Bahadoor]]}}
| music = [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = G. Venkitaraman
| studio =
| distributor = Dinny Films
| released = {{Film date|1980|05|16|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|20|l}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=E. T. |date=2023-08-05 |title=Producer V. B. K. Menon interview - 43 years of Vilkkanundu Swapnangal |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/43-years-of-vilkkanund-swapnangal-movie-mammootty-sukumaran-and-mt-vasudevan-nair-vbk-menon-1.8793558 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vilkkanundu Swapnangal''''' ({{Translation|Dreams for Sale}}) is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1980|1980]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by Azad, written by [[M.T. Vasudevan Nair]] and produced by V. B. K. Menon. The film stars [[Sukumaran]], [[Srividya]], [[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]], [[Bahadoor]] and [[Sreenivasan]]. The film also features [[Mammootty]], in his first credited role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/stardom-isnt-acquired-it-is-imposed-on-you-mammootty-imagegallery-malayalam-tgzom0hbfbagd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625221607/http://www.sify.com/movies/stardom-isnt-acquired-it-is-imposed-on-you-mammootty-imagegallery-malayalam-tgzom0hbfbagd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 June 2019|title = Stardom isn't acquired, it is imposed on you: Mammootty|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>

The film explores the [[Middle East]] boom that happened in [[Kerala]] in the late seventies and early eighties, when people started to go there in search of jobs with a higher pay. The film explores this through Rajagopal ([[Sukumaran]]) who goes to the middle east as an illegal immigrant to support his family.<ref>{{Citation |last=Azad |first=M. |title=Vilkkanundu Swapnangal |date=1980-05-16 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0214284/?ref_=tt_urv |type=Drama |publisher=Marunadan Movies |access-date=2022-05-10}}</ref>

== Plot ==
To support his family, Rajagopal goes to [[Dubai]] as an illegal immigrant. Later he meets friends who need work for their families and faces his future in Dubai.

== Cast ==
* [[Sukumaran]]... Rajagopalan Menon
* [[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]]... Gopi
* [[Mammootty]]... Madhavankutty Menon
* [[Bahadoor]]... Mammukka
* [[Nellikode Bhaskaran]]... Achuthan Nair
* [[Sreenivasan]]... Abu
* [[Srividya]]... Malathy
* [[Jalaja]]... Sridevi
* [[shobha]]... Ranjan's sister
* [[Premji]]... Sridevi's Valyammavan
* [[Kunjandi]]... Malathy's Father
* [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]]... Alice
* [[Khadeeja (actress)|Khadeeja]]
* [[Santha Devi]]

==Production==
Cinematographer [[Ramachandra Babu]] writes in his blog: "Since the film [[Devalokam (film)|''Devalokam'']] stopped half way, [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair|M.T.]] wanted to give [[Mammootty|Muhammed Kutty]] one more chance in the film written by him and directed by M. Azad, ''Vilikkanundu Swapnangal''. In a confrontation scene Muhammed Kutty proved himself as an actor with much potential against a stellar performance by Sukumaran. In the film his voice was not used but instead Sreenivasan had dubbed for him!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babu |first=Ramachandra' |date=2010-02-02 |title=Ramachandra Babu: Mammootty, the Person and Actor |url=http://ramachandrababu.blogspot.com/2010/02/mammootty-person-and-actor.html |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=Ramachandra Babu}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] and the lyrics were written by Sreedharanunni.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Bhoothalam Ninte Bhadraasanam" || [[S. Janaki]] || Sreedharanunni ||
|-
| 2 || "Chandanakkulir Veesuna" || [[P. Jayachandran]], Chorus, [[C. O. Anto]] || Sreedharanunni ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0214284|Vilkkanundu Swapnangal }}
* [http://www.zimbio.com/Malayalam+Cinema/articles/S7YjUwWvMdL/Prithviraj+Vilkkanundu+Swapnangal+Remake Prithviraj in Vilkkanundu Swapnangal Remake]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/view_news-Malayalam-News_and_Gossips-4,59989.php Prithviraj in a remake]

[[Category:1980 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1980 drama films]]
[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kathi (film)

2026-03-03T21:02:33Z

Natasha6581: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kathi
| image =
| caption =
| director = V. P. Mohammed
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[M. G. Soman]]
* [[Venu Nagavally]]
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
}}
| music = [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
| studio = Navadhara Films
| distributor = Navadhara Films
| released = {{Film date|1983|05|06|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Kathi''''' ({{Translation|Knife}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by V. P. Mohammed. The film stars [[M. G. Soman]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Venu Nagavally]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] and [[Jalaja]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[M. B. Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1479|title=Kathi|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2616|title=Kathi|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kathi-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020153241/http://spicyonion.com/title/kathi-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 October 2014|title=Kathi|accessdate=2014-10-20|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[M. G. Soman]]
*[[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
*[[Venu Nagavally]]
*[[Menaka (actress)]]
*[[Jalaja]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] and the lyrics were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Bodhivriksha Dalangal" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[O. N. V. Kurup]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Paathiraakkaattil" || [[S. Janaki]], Chorus || O. N. V. Kurup ||
|-
| 3 || "Ponnaralippoo" || V. T. Murali || O. N. V. Kurup ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0345506|Kathi}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Gour Hari Dastaan

2026-03-02T21:54:36Z

Natasha6581: adjusted article additionally and corrected details

{{Short description | Indian film about freedom fighter Gour Hari Das}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gour Hari Dastan
| image = Gour Hari Dastaan.jpg
| director = [[Anant Mahadevan]]
| producer = Bindiya Khanolkar Sachin Khanolkar
| writer = [[C. P. Surendran]]
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Vinay Pathak]] [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] [[Ranvir Shorey]] [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]]
| cinematography = Alphonse Roy
| music = Dr. [[L. Subramaniam]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| language = Hindi
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|08|14}}
| country = [[India]]
| runtime = 114 minutes
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Gour Hari Dastan – The Freedom File''''' is a 2015 [[India]]n, [[biographical]] film on freedom fighter [[Gour Hari Das]],<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/living/meet-real-reel-one-gour-hari-das-struggle-idea-independent-india-2384880.html Gour Hari Das Interview]</ref> directed by [[Anant Mahadevan]]. The film starred [[Vinay Pathak]], [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Ranvir Shorey]] and [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]], among others.<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ Cast & Crew List]</ref> The film depicts the life of the Indian freedom fighter from [[Odisha]], Sri Gour Hari Das.

The film released on 14 August 2015, and received good response from critics.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/gour-hari-dastaan-the-freedom-file-movie-review/article7541313.ece Review by The Hindu]</ref>

== Plot ==
Gour Hari Dastaan is a story of an Odisha freedom fighter, Gour Hari Das who made his way through a long battle of silent war that lasted for 32 years, against his own government to prove his patriotic association towards the nation. He fought for a certificate recognizing his work as a freedom fighter which took three full decades to arrive.

This was because a minimum of six months in jail was required for the certificate and pension. Gour Hari Das at the age of 14 had spent less than two months in jail. Still, by 2008, most genuine freedom fighters were dead. It was cheaper to pay off the old man rather than let the nuisance persist.

At the age of 84, the much sought-after certificate, when it was ultimately awarded, was a bittersweet victory.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gourharidastaan.com/ |title=Official Website |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013063922/http://www.gourharidastaan.com/ |archive-date=13 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Vinay Pathak]] as Gour Hari Das
* [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as Lakshmi Das
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Rajiv Singhal
* [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]] as Anita
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Chief Minister
* [[Vipin Sharma]] as Ahirkar
* [[Rajit Kapoor]] as Mohan Joshi
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as Special Secretary – Freedom Cell
* [[Neha Pendse]] as Neha Das
* [[Asrani]] as Khadi Commission Boss
* [[Parikshat Sahni]] as Principal
* [[Murli Sharma]] as Godbole
* [[Viju Khote]] as Grossary Man
* [[Jackie Shroff]]
* [[Ashok Banthia]] as Hari Das (Gour Hari Das' Father)
* Rahul Vohra as Rajiv Mitra
* [[Vinay Apte]] as MLA Walve
* [[Siddharth Jadhav]]
* [[Neena Kulkarni]] as Ms. Apte
* [[Bharat Dabholkar]] as Commando 1
* [[Upendra Limaye]] as Jail Chief
* Surendra Rajan as Gandhiji
* Sandeep Kulkarni as Home Minister
* Suhas Palshikar as 1st Gandhiwadi
* Kishore Pradhan as Retired Postman
* [[Ganesh Yadav]]
* Achint Kaur
* [[Anant Mahadevan|Ananth Narayan Mahadevan]]
* Deepak Satsule as Alok
* [[Vidya Malvade]] as Tanvi
* [[Chhaya Kadam]] as Khadi Commission
* Khushboo as Rajiv's feminist-wife
* Satish Pulekar
* Pradeep Haldankar
* Gary Richardson as British Teacher
* Sunil Shende
* Jay Palkar as train passenger

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing|title1=A Country Gone Wrong|length1=0:38|title2=A Country Wins Freedom|length2=0:22|title3=A Dream Fulfilled|length3=0:48|title4=A New Era Dawns|length4=0:33|title5=Atharva Veda|length5=1:17|title6=Babul Mora|length6=4:06|title7=Denial of the Truth|length7=0:58|title8=Failing Memory|length8=0:41|title9=Holding on to the Past|length9=2:30|title10=Hope Recedes|length10=0:59|title11=Lest I Forget|length11=0:35|title12=Love Theme|length12=0:39|title13=Page From The Past|length13=2:22|title14=Raghupati Raghav|length14=3:17|title15=Right Now|length15=4:01|title16=The Englishman and the Flag|length16=0:47|title17=The Past Is A Memory|length17=0:18|title18=The Truth Dawns on Alok|length18=0:32|title19=The Truth Stares|length19=3:16|title20=Vaishnava Janato Ft. Kavita Krishnamurthy|length20=3:10|total_length=38:52|all_music=L. Subramaniam|extra_column=Singer(s)|extra1=L Subramaniam|extra2=L Subramaniam|extra3=L Subramaniam|extra4=L Subramaniam|extra5=Manjikudi Shastri|extra6=[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]|extra7=L Subramaniam|extra8=L Subramaniam|extra9=L Subramaniam|extra10=L Subramaniam|extra11=L Subramaniam|extra12=L Subramaniam|extra13=L Subramaniam|extra14=Narayana Subramaniam|extra15=Bindu Subramaniam|extra16=L Subramaniam|extra17=L Subramaniam|extra18=L Subramaniam|extra19=L Subramaniam|extra20=Pandit Jasraj|all_writing=|length21=5:32|title21=Vaishnava Janato Remembering Gandhi|extra21=Kavita Krishnamurthy|title22=War of Words|length22=1:31|extra22=L Subramaniam}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|4513812}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anant Mahadevan]]
[[Category:2010s biographical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by L. Subramaniam]]
[[Category:2010s political films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Political films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films set in Odisha]]
[[Category:Films shot in Odisha]]

Renault India Private Limited

2026-02-26T08:54:32Z

Natasha6581: starting data

{{Short description|Franco-Indian car manufacturer}}
{{advert|date=August 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Renault India Private Limited
| logo = Renault 2021 Text.svg
| logo_size = 100
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Automobile]]s
| key_people = Venkatram Mamillapalle ([[Managing director]]) Stephane Deblaise 
| services =
| revenue =
| net_income =
| parent = [[Renault]]
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.renault.co.in/|renault.co.in}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|10||df=yes}}
| location = [[Chennai]], India
}}
'''Renault India Private Limited''' is a fully owned subsidiary of [[Renault]], France. It currently offers three models in the Indian market: the hatchback [[Renault Kwid|Kwid]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Renault-set-to-launch-new-version-of-%E2%80%98Kwid%E2%80%99/article14549148.ece|title=Renault set to launch new version of 'Kwid'|agency=Press Trust of India|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-03-09|language=en}}</ref> the compact MPV [[Renault Triber|Triber]] and the compact SUV [[Renault Kiger|Kiger]].

==History==
In February 2008, Renault-Nissan Alliance signed a memorandum of understanding with the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to set up a manufacturing plant in Oragadam near Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2010/_STORY/100317-01-e.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102095645/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2010/_STORY/100317-01-e.html|url-status=dead|title=The Renault Nissan Alliance inaugurates plant in Chennai, India|archivedate=2 November 2013}}</ref> Work on the plant began in June of the same year, and was completed in 21 months. Renault Design India was the first vehicle design studio set up by a foreign manufacturer in India. It was established in Mumbai in September 2008. The design house is integral to Renault's operations in India. One of its functions is to monitor customer trends and customize global products for India. At the end of 2015, Renault had approximately 200 dealerships across India, from only 14 in 2012.<ref name="Renault 190th dealership3">{{cite news |date=24 November 2015 |title=Renault opens 190th dealership in India |work=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/renault-opens-190th-dealership-india-656389 |access-date=19 October 2015 |quote=The company now has 52 showrooms in South India, besides 37 service-only outlets. Renault plans to open 240 dealerships and service facilities in India by 2016.}}</ref>

[[File:Dacia Duster TCe 125 4x2 Prestige (Facelift) – Frontansicht, 13. Juli 2014, Ratingen.jpg|thumb|Renault Duster named 2013 Indian Car of the Year (ICOTY), got a total of 29 awards]]
The Renault Duster received more awards than any other car brand in India between 2012 and 2015. The Renault Duster received 29 awards in India, and the Renault company 34 awards.<ref name="Duster awards India2">{{cite news |title=Renault Duster bags most awards in India |publisher=FT daily |url=http://www.ft.lk/article/384804/Renault-Duster-bags-most-awards-in-India |access-date=19 October 2015 |quote=Renault India has received an unprecedented number of honours from the local media", including being voted "Car Manufacturer of the Year", while "Duster has been named Car of the Year by most Indian media}}</ref>
* Indian Car of the Year (ICOTY): Duster, Car of the Year
* Autocar and [[Bloomberg Television|Bloomberg TV]]: Duster, Car of the Year, Viewers' Choice, and SUV of the Year
* [[NDTV]]: Duster, Car of the Year and Compact SUV of the Year; Scala, Creative TV Commercial of the Year; Pulse, Premium Hatch of the Year; and Renault India, Car Manufacturer of the Year
* Top Gear: Duster, Compact SUV of the Year and Readers' Choice for the BBC and Times of India
* Car India: Duster, SUV of the Year
* Overdrive and [[CNBC TV18|CNBC-TV 18]]: Duster, Compact SUV of the Year
* Vicky.in, Motor Vikatan (Chennai) and Team BHP: Duster, Car of the Year
* [[ZigWheels|Zigwheels]] and Economic Times: Duster, Car of the Year, Readers' Choice and entry-level SUV of the Year
* AutoJunction.in: Duster, Car of the Year and Utility Vehicle of the Year; Renault Pulse, SuperMini of the Year; Renault Scala, Mid-size Sedan of the Year

==Operations & Sales ==
In September 2008, Renault India opened its fifth global vehicle design studio in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsonprojects.com/news?news_id=8011|title=Renault design studio inaugurated in Mumbai|website=News On Projects}}</ref>

In March 2010, Renault India and [[Nissan Motor India Private Limited|Nissan India]] opened a production facility in Chennai,<ref name=wsj-koleos>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903285704576558091536565176|title=Renault Introduces Koleos SUV in India|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=8 September 2011|first=Anirban|last=Chowdhury|date=8 September 2011}}</ref> which was established with an initial investment of Rs 45 billion (US$990 million). The plant has a combined annual capacity to produce 480,000 vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=Where are car factories in India? |url=https://motoroctane.com/article/where-are-car-factories-in-india/233914/ |access-date=24 December 2022 |website=Motor Octane |quote=Nissan-Renault has its manufacturing plant in Oragadam near Chennai. The plant has a capacity of 4,80,000 vehicles per annum. The capacity is divided equally between Nissan & Renault.}}</ref>

As of September 2015, Renault India had 175<ref name="Kwid leader in India">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/industry/renault-kwid-receives-over-25000-bookings-within-2-weeks-since-launch-over-40-of-buyers-are-below-28/articleshow/49244647.cms|title=Renault Kwid receives over 25,000 bookings within 2 weeks since launch, over 40% of buyers are below 28 y.o|quote=The Renault Kwid is "sold across 175 outlets across the country (which will be expanded 210 before the end of 2015), the company had experimented with a product specific App and virtual showrooms to reach out to the customers where there are no showrooms. The company claims that over 2,30,000 people have downloaded the Kwid App, which enables the consumer to not only understand the product better but also making a booking through an App."|work=The Economic Times|date=7 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref> dealerships in 16 cities across 9 [[States of India|states]] and 2 [[Union Territory|Union Territories]], targeting 210 outlets at the end of 2015. It expanded to 190 dealerships in December 2015.<ref name="Renault 190th dealership3"/> Its expansion was attributed to the success of the Renault Kwid. Renault also developed virtual showrooms and some specific phone apps. As at 2015, Renault had 270 dealership across India.<ref name="Kwid leader in India"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Calendar Year
!Sales
|-
|2011
|1406
|-
|2012
|35157
|-
|2013
|64368
|-
|2014
|44849
|-
|2015
|53419
|-
|2016
|132235
|-
|2017
|112489
|-
|2018
|82368
|-
|2019
|88869
|-
|2020
|89534
|}

== Models ==
===Current models===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 40%"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="25%" |Model
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Indian introduction
! colspan="2" |Current model
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! width="10%" |Introduction
! width="10%" |Update ([[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]])
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| colspan="6" |'''[[Hatchback]]'''
|-
|[[File:2019 Renault Kwid RXT Facelift.png|alt=|229x229px]]
|'''[[Renault Kwid|Kwid]]'''
|2015
|2015
|2019
|
|-
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| colspan="6" |'''[[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]/[[Crossover (automobile)|crossover]]'''
|-
|[[File:4th International Auto Show, Bangalore (2025) 28.jpg|alt=|222x222px]]
|'''[[Renault Kiger|Kiger]]'''
|2021
|2021
|2025
|
|-
|[[File:Dacia Duster III IMG 8973.jpg|alt=|222x222px]] ''(Dacia Duster pictured)''
|'''[[Dacia Duster|Duster]]'''
|2012
|2026
|—
|Rebadged from Dacia Duster
|-
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| colspan="6" |'''[[Minivan|MPV]]'''
|-
|[[File:4th International Auto Show, Bangalore (2025) 26.jpg|alt=|218x218px]]
|'''[[Renault Triber|Triber]]'''
|2019
|2019
|2025
|
|}

The Kwid is Renault's first sub Rs 4 lakh segment car (earlier codenamed XBA). It was fully developed in India by [[Gérard Detourbet]] and his French and Indian team.<ref name="Kwid best in class features">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/5-reasons-why-renault-kwid-will-be-game-changer-648139|title=5 reasons why Renault Kwid will be a game changer|quote=a mileage of 25.17kmpl, which is not just the best-in-class... At 300 litres, Renault Kwid once again takes the lead in its segment. The Kwid also has the best-in-class length at 3,679mm and width at 1,579 mm, which means better interior space, legroom, and headroom... Kwid is the best choice with a class-leading ground clearance of 180mm... Renault surprised the industry with an aggressive price tag starting at Rs 2.26 lakh...|work=The Economic Times|date=7 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kwid 50000 bookings">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/auto/story/renault-india-gets-over-50k-bookings-for-small-car-kwid/1/511319.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030220103/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/auto/story/renault-india-gets-over-50k-bookings-for-small-car-kwid/1/511319.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2015|title=Renault India gets over 50,000 bookings for small car Kwid|work=The Economic Times|date=30 October 2015|access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Kwid success">{{cite news|url=http://auto.ndtv.com/news/renault-india-registers-144-growth-in-november-1249794|title=Renault India Registers 144% Growth in November|quote=Renault Kwid has received about 70,000 bookings. Word also has it that the Renault Kwid has already grabbed 10% share in the entry-level hatchback segment.|work=The Economic Times|date=1 December 2015|access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref>

=== Discontinued models ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Model
! Released
! Discontinued
! Image
|-
|'''[[Renault Fluence|Fluence]]'''
|2011
|2017
|[[File:Renault Fluence facelift II China 2015-04-10.jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Renault Koleos|Koleos]]'''
|2011
|2017
|[[File:Renault Koleos 2.5 Dynamique AWD 2014 (14499356989).jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Nissan Micra#Renault Pulse|Pulse]]'''
|2012
|2018
|[[File:Renault Pulse.JPG|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Nissan Almera#Renault Scala|Scala]]'''
|2012
|2018
|[[File:Renault Scala India (front view) 02 (cropped).jpg|200px]]
|-
|'''[[Dacia Lodgy|Lodgy]]'''
|2015
|2020
|[[File:Dacia Lodgy, Schaffen Diest Fly-Drive 2013.JPG|200px]] ''(Dacia Lodgy pictured)''
|-
|'''[[Renault Captur|Captur]]'''
|2017
|2020
|[[File:Renault Kaptur 9900 (cropped).jpg|200px]]
|}

==Milestones==

2008
* Renault-Nissan Alliance signs a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Tamil Nadu to set up a manufacturing plant in Oragadam near Chennai
* The Renault DeSign Studio opened in Mumbai. It is one of the 5 satellite global design studios for Renault, monitoring customer trends and helping customize global products for India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsonprojects.com/story.asp?news_code=8011|title=Renault design studio inaugurated in Mumbai|publisher=Renault India}}</ref>
* Launch of International Logistics Network (ILN) in Pune handling components sourced from Indian suppliers for all Renault-Nissan Alliance production plants worldwide, in particular South Africa & Brazil.

2010
* Inauguration of the Renault-Nissan Alliance manufacturing facility in Chennai (investment of Rs. 4500 crores with a capacity to produce 480,000 cars per year).

2011
* Renault launches its first car in India, the Fluence.
* Renault – Nissan Alliance manufacturing facility rolls out its 100,000th car.
* All new Koleos global launch in India.
* Announcement of localization of the [[Renault K-Type engine|Renault K9K diesel engine]].
* K9K powered Renault Pulse unveiled at the 2011 Indian Grand Prix by Formula1 drivers Mark Webber and Karun Chandok.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carscoops.com/2011/11/renault-unveils-micra-based-pulse.html|title=Renault Unveils Micra-Based Pulse Supermini for the Indian Market|publisher=Retrieved on 1 November 2011}}</ref>

2012
* Renault launches the Pulse and unveils the Duster at the New Delhi Auto Expo 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-06/news/30597659_1_renault-india-renault-plans-managing-director-marc-nassif|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020153/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-06/news/30597659_1_renault-india-renault-plans-managing-director-marc-nassif|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016|title=Renault plans big for India, to launch Pulse, Duster by December|publisher=The Economic Times,6 Jan 2012}}</ref>
* Renault Scala launched in New Delhi.
* Renault encourages employee engagement, wins the 'Inter-corporate competition RED 2012' along with team of partners Nissan, RNAIPL & RNTBCI.

2013
* Inauguration of the new warehouse for the Renault Alliance International Parts Center (IPC) in Pune, earlier working since 2008 as ILN (see above).
* Renault launched the Gang of Dusters, the official community for Duster owners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/htauto-topstories/renault-announces-gang-of-dusters-initiative/article1-1108880.aspx|title=Renault announces 'Gang of Dusters' initiative|publisher=Autocar India, 16 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821201521/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Autos/HTAuto-TopStories/Renault-announces-Gang-of-Dusters-initiative/Article1-1108880.aspx|archive-date=21 August 2013}}</ref>
* Since the launch of the brand in early 2011, Renault has won over 43 awards till date. The Renault Duster alone receiving 29 awards, and pioneered a new segment of crossover SUV at low-to-medium cost in the Indian auto sector.
* Inauguration of the new warehouse for the Renault Alliance International Parts Center (IPC) in Chennai as a part of expansion.

2014
* Renault reaches landmark of 100,000 cars on Indian roads in less than 3 years of operation in India.

2015
* Looking to make a mark in the hatchback segment, Renault India launched the Kwid on September 24, 2015, at a starting price of Rs 2.56 lakh (ex-showroom Delhi). The most expensive variant of the car costs Rs 3.53 lakh(ex-showroom). The Renault Kwid has better features than any of its competitors.<ref name="Kwid best in class features"/>

The Kwid, based on the CMF-A platform, measures 3,679 mm in length, 1,579 mm in width, 1,478 mm in height and 2,422 mm in wheelbase. It has a ground clearance of 180 mm and a fuel tank capacity of 28-litre.

Features seen on the top-end variant include power steering, AC, front power windows, foglights, keyless entry and central locking, a 7-inch touchscreen MediaNAV system with Bluetooth, USB, AUX-in, an optional driver airbag and some design customizations.
* An updated version of the Duster is launched in October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Renault-Duster-Adventure-edition-returns-priced-from-Rs-9.64-lakh/article15625871.ece|title=Renault Duster Adventure edition returns; priced from Rs 9.64 lakh|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-03-09|language=en}}</ref>

2023
* On February 13, 2023, Renault and Nissan were planning to announce the launch of 6 new models for the Indian market.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/industry/renault-nissan-alliance-to-announce-india-launch-of-six-new-models-tomorrow-427296|title=Renault Nissan to announce launch of 6 new models tomorrow|website=Autocar India}}</ref>
2024

* Renault India sells over 1 million vehicles in India.
* Plans to launch an [[electric car]] by 2025.
* Opens a new R&D center in Bangalore.
* Invests more in manufacturing in Chennai.
* Focuses on social responsibility with local partnerships.
* Introduces a new [[Renault Kwid|Kwid]] variant with safety and tech upgrades.
* Improves customer service with extended warranties and service packages.
2025

* Renault launches the facelifted Triber and Kiger in India.

==Associations==

===Spellinc===

Renault India's [[Corporate social responsibility (India)|Corporate Social Responsibility]] (CSR) program commenced in 2013, focusing on education and road safety. It partnered with Linc Pen & Plastics Ltd for SPELLINC. The program started in September 2013 and ran until December across 8 cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmadabad, Jamshedpur and Ranchi) with a total of 1000 schools participating. The training module on road safety has been developed to be fun and interactive. It involves stage acts, singing and discussions with the students,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.projectsjugaad.com/2013/10/linc-pens-presents-renault-spelling-word-cracking/|title=LINC PENS Presents Renault Spelling Word Cracking|publisher=Retrieved from Projects Jugaad}}</ref> with the aim of the operation to reach students and to convert them into Road Safety ambassadors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psbbschools.ac.in/spellinc_2014_chennai_finals_ngm.html|title=SPELLINC 2014 -Chennai Finals|publisher=Retrieved from PSBB Schools}}</ref>

===Tour De India===

Renault India supported the [[Tour De India]] 2013, a cycling event held for the first time in 2012. Tour de India 2013 was held in December with 3 races involving both competitive and entertaining cycling. Renault India was the Official Automobile Partner for the event, providing cars for the lead convoy, for the cycling teams and the Tour de India fleet in charge of recording the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gkrishnaraj.blogspot.in/2013/11/godrej-eon-tour-de-india-2013-biggest.html|title=Godrej Eon Tour De India|publisher=Retrieved on 13 November 2013}}</ref>

===Cricket===

Renault sponsored a cricket series between India and Sri Lanka(2012) and Virat Kohli won the Man of the Series Award – a Renault Duster. The Indian cricket team was taken for a victory lap around the stadium with Mahendra Singh Dhoni(MS Dhoni) behind the wheel of the Renault Duster. The entire cricket team was seen on the SUV while taking the victory lap.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/car-and-bike/latest-news/news-cars/virat-kohli-takes-home-renault-duster-suv-after-winning-man-of-the-series-title-in-sri-lanka-3307925/|title=Virat Kohli takes home Renault Duster SUV after winning 'Man of the Series' title in Sri Lanka|first=Oncars|last=India|date=7 August 2012|website=India News, Breaking News | India.com}}</ref>

===MRF Challenge===

Renault cars compete in the Formula 2000 category of the MRF Challenge. The 20 cars of the category are also powered by Renault Sport 2-litre engines. These 16-valve, 4-cylinder, 1998cc F4R 832 engines can produce a maximum power of 210 bhp at 6,500rpm and maximum torque of 220 Nm at 5500rpm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mrf-launches-formula-2000-singleseater-racer/285337-25.html |title=MRF launches Formula 2000 single-seater racer - IBNLive |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515053433/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mrf-launches-formula-2000-singleseater-racer/285337-25.html |archive-date=15 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Limca Record – Renault Scala’s Mileage Run===

The Renault Scala broke the Limca record for the highest fuel economy achieved in India using a stock car by achieving a real world economy of 54.15 km/L in an un-modified Renault Scala diesel sedan. The car covered the 62.28 km distance using only 1.24 litres, achieving a fuel economy of 54.15 km/L, which is 250.26% over ARAI certified figure. The distance was covered in 76 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaadi.com/auto-reviews/renault-scala-mileage-run-over-5000km-10-days-2-records |title=Renault Scala Mileage Run: Over 5000km, 10 days, 2 records - |website=www.gaadi.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829230431/http://www.gaadi.com/auto-reviews/renault-scala-mileage-run-over-5000km-10-days-2-records |archive-date=29 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Cars in India}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}
{{Renault}}

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Renault]]

List of asanas

2026-02-23T09:03:41Z

Natasha6581: Put Up Some Stub W/ Sources

{{short description|List of postures in hatha yoga and yoga as exercise}}
[[File:'Bodhisattva Manjusri and Prajnaparamita', Nepal, c. 1575, Norton Simon Museum.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Padmāsana]], lotus pose, used for [[meditation]]. Gilt bronze statue of [[Bodhisattva]] [[Manjusri]] and [[Prajnaparamita]], Nepal, c. 1575]]
An [[asana]] ([[Sanskrit]]: आसन, IAST: āsana) is a body posture, used in both medieval [[hatha yoga]] and [[modern yoga]].{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=4–5}} The term is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for [[meditation]], asanas may be [[standing asanas|standing]], seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, [[backbend]]s, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.{{sfn|Murugan|2012}}

The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them.<ref name="Bühnemann 2007">{{cite book |last1=Bühnemann |first1=Gudrun |title=Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions |date=2007 |publisher=D. K. Printworld |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8124604175 |url=https://archive.org/details/EightyFourAsanasInYogaGudrunBuhnemann_201801 |pages=47, 151 }}</ref>{{efn|name=symbolism|84's symbolism may derive from its astrological and numerological properties: it is the product of 7, the number of planets in [[astrology]], and 12, the number of [[signs of the zodiac]], while in [[numerology]], 7 is the sum of 3 and 4, and 12 is the product, i.e. 84 is (3+4)×(3×4).<ref name="Rosen 2017">{{cite book |last=Rosen |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rosen (yoga teacher) |title=Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oBPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 |year=2017 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-8348-4057-7 |pages=171–}}</ref>}} Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=59}} For example, the name [[Muktasana]] is now given to a variant of [[Siddhasana]] with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses.<ref name=Yogapedia>{{cite web |title=Muktasana |url=https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/7190/muktasana |publisher=Yogapedia |access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name [[Shirshasana]], but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana.<ref name="Bühnemann 2007"/>{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=57}} Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with [[Bidalasana]] and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=166}}<ref name=AkashaCat/>

==Affixes==
Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit [[affixes]] including the following:

{|- class= "wikitable"
! English
! Sanskrit
! Meaning
! Example

|-
|Adho
|अधो
|downward
| [[Adho Mukha Shvanasana]] (downward [facing] dog)

|-
|Ardha
|अर्ध
|half
| [[Ardha Padmasana]] (half lotus)

|-
|Baddha
|बद्ध
|bound
| [[Baddha Konasana]] (bound angle)

|-
|Dvi
|द्वि
|two
| [[Dvi Pada Kaundinyasana]] (two-legged Kaundinya)

|-
|Eka
|एक
|one
| [[Shirshasana|Eka Pada Shirshasana]] (one-legged headstand)

|-
|Kon
|कोण
|angle
| [[Parshvakonasana]] (side angle)

|-
|Parshva
|पार्श्व
|side
| [[Parshva Bakasana]] (side crane)

|-
|Parivritta
|परिवृत्त
|revolved
| [[Parivritta Trikonasana]] (reverse triangle)

|-
|Prasarita
|प्रसारित
|spread out
| [[Prasarita Padottanasana]] (wide stance forward bend)

|-
|Salamba
| सालम्ब
|supported
| [[Salamba Shirshasana]] (supported headstand)

|-
|Supta
|सुप्त
|supine, reclining
| [[Supta Virasana]] (reclining hero)

|-
|Upavishta
|उपविष्ठ
|seated
| [[Upavishta Konasana]] (wide-angle seated forward bend)

|-
|Urdhva
|ऊर्ध्व
|upwards
| [[Urdhva Dhanurasana]] (upwards bow)

|-
|Utthita
|उत्थित
|extended
| [[Utthita Trikonasana]] (extended triangle)

|-
|Viparita
|विपरीत
|inverted
| [[Viparita Dandasana]] (inverted staff)

|}

== Asanas ==

A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana (Yoga headstand), only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 ''[[Light on Yoga]]'' lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=179-205}} Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCrary |first1=Meagan |title=#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journal |publisher=[[Yoga Journal]] |date=15 July 2015 |quote=Once you learn how the fundamental poses work anatomically then it's very natural to start to play with breaking them apart and putting them back together differently ... You won't find this playful variation of [[Virabhadrasana|Warrior II]] Pose in ''[[Light on Yoga]]''.}}</ref> [[Yin Yoga]] names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional ([[Yin and yang|Yang]]) poses.

Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date".{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=xxxix}} The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana (not only naming it), as follows:

{{colbegin}}
* AS = ''[[Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā]]'', c. 7th century
* BaH = ''[[Bahr al-Hayāt]]'', 17th century
* DU = ''[[Darśana Upaniṣad]]'', c. 4th century
* GhS = ''[[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā]]'', 17th century
* GS = ''[[Gorakṣaśataka]]'', 10th century
* HAP = ''[[Hațhābhyāsapaddhati]]'', 18th century
* HR = ''[[Haṭha Ratnāvali]]'', 17th century
* HY = [[Hemacandra]]'s ''Yogaśāstra'', 11th century
* HYP = ''[[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā]]'', 15th century
* JP = ''[[Joga Pradīpikā]]'', 18th century
* LoY = ''[[Light on Yoga]]'', 1966
* PL = Post-''[[Light on Yoga]]''{{efn|PL, Post-''[[Light on Yoga]]'' poses, are marked as '21st C.' to sort late 20th as well as 21st century asanas after TK and LoY.}}
* PSV = ''[[Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa]]'', 8th century
* ShS = ''[[Śiva Saṃhitā]]'', 14th century
* ST = ''[[Śrītattvanidhi]]'', 19th century
* TB = [[Theos Bernard]], 1950
* TK = [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya]], c. 1940
* V = ''[[Vimānārcanākalpa]]'', 10th century
* VM = ''[[Vivekamārtaṇḍa]]'', 13th century
* VS = ''[[Vāsiṣṭha Saṁhitā]]'', 13th century
{{colend}}

{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! [[Asana]]
! [[Sanskrit]]
! English
! [[Asana#Types|Type]]
! Effect on spine
! Suitable for [[meditation]]
! Described{{efn|Sjoman notes that the names of asanas have been used "promiscuous[ly]", making their history difficult to trace: the presence of matching names is not proof of continuity, since the same name may mean a different pose, and a pose may have been known by other names at different times.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=59}} The dates here are therefore based on documents which provide actual descriptions of the asanas.}}
! [[Yin Yoga]] variant{{sfn|Powers|2008|p=195}}{{efn|The Yin Yoga variants are similar but not identical to their 'Yang' equivalents.{{sfn|Powers|2008|p=195}}}}
! class="unsortable" |Image

|-
| [[Adho Mukha Shvanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=147}}
| अधोमुखश्वानासन
| Downward-Facing Dog
| Standing
| Forward bend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205-206}} 18th C. [[Hațhābhyāsapaddhati|HAP]] (in dynamic pose "Gajāsana"){{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=125}}
|
| [[File:Ado-muka-shvanasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Adho Mukha Vrikshasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=142}}
| अधोमुखवृक्षासन
| Downward-Facing Tree, Yoga Handstand 
| Balancing
|
|
| 18th C. [[Hațhābhyāsapaddhati|HAP]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=124}}
|
| [[File:Rocket-yoga-13 handstand (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.2|center]]

|-
| [[Akarna Dhanurasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=137}}
| आकर्णधनुरासन
| Shooting bow, Archer, Bow and arrow 
| Sitting
|
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}} (as Dhanurāsana)
|
| [[File:Akarna Dhanurasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Anantasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=87}}
| अनन्तासन
| [[Ananta Shesha|Ananta]]'s pose, [[Vishnu]]'s Couch pose 
| Reclining
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=246-247}}
|
| [[File:Anantasana wfs.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Anjaneyasana]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steiner |first1=Ronald |title=Anjaneyāsana - Learning devotion from Hanuman |journal=Yoga Aktuell |date=June 2015 |issue=92 June/July 2015 |url=https://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/inspiration-for-your-practice/180524-anjaneyasana/ |access-date=23 January 2019 |language=de}}</ref>
| अञ्जनेयासन
| Crescent Moon{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=132–133}}
| Standing
| Backbend
|
| 20th C.{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=132-133}}
| Dragon
| [[File:Ardha urdhwa bhujangasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center|alt=Variation with arms down]]

|-
| [[Ardha Chandrasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=30}}
| अर्धचन्द्रासन
| Half moon
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=74-76}}
|
| [[File:Ardha-Chandrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Ashtanga Namaskara]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205–206}}
| अष्टाङ्ग नमस्कार
| Eight-Limbed Salutation Caterpillar
| Reclining
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205–206}}
|
| [[File:Ashtanga Namaskara (cropped).JPG|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Astavakrasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=128}}
| अष्टावक्रासन
| [[Ashtavakra|Aṣṭāvakra]]'s pose, Eight-angled 
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=276-278}}
|
|[[File:Astavakrasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Baddha Konasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=57}} Bhadrasana<ref name="TYI Bhadrasana">{{cite web |title=How to do Bhadrasana? |url=http://theyogainstitute.org/how-to-do-bhadrasana/ |publisher=The Yoga Institute |access-date=5 January 2019 |date=3 August 2018}}</ref> 
|बद्धकोणासन
| Bound angle, Cobbler's pose
| Sitting
|
| Meditation<ref name="TYI Bhadrasana"/>
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]]<ref name="TYI Bhadrasana"/> 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]<ref name="TYI Bhadrasana"/> 
| Butterfly
|[[File:Baddha konasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bakasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=130}} [[Kakasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=60}} 
| बकासन, ककासन 
| Crane (arms straight) Crow (arms bent) 
| Balancing
|
|
| 17th C. [[Haṭha Ratnāvali|HR]]{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|pp=98–122 asanas listed; Figures of asanas in unnumbered pages between pages 153 and 154; asanas named but not described in text listed on pages 157–159}}
|
| [[File:Kakasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Balasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=39}}
|बालासन
| Child
| Sitting
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Balasana - Child Pose |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/child-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]] Ananda Balasana (as Kandukasana){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|pp=15, 70; plate 1 (pose 6)}}
| Child's
| [[File:Balasana.JPG|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bhairavasana]] Ankushasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}} 
| भैरवासन अण्कुशासन 
| Formidable
| Reclining
|
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}
|
| [[File:Ankusasana from Sritattvanidhi (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bharadvajasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=77}}
| भरद्वाजासन
| [[Bharadwaja|Bharadvaja]]'s twist
| Sitting
| Twist
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=251-254}}
| Seated Twist
| [[File:Bharadvajasana1 (cropped).JPG|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Bhekasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=86}}
| भेकासन
| Frog
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=126-128}}
|
| [[File:Bhekasana1.JPG|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bhujangasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=93}}
| भुजङ्गासन
| Cobra
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 2.42{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}}
| Seal, Sphinx
| [[File:Bhujangasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bhujapidasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=129}}
| भुजपीडासन
| Arm-pressing posture
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=280-282}}
| Snail
| [[File:Bhujapidasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Bidalasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=166}} Marjariasana<ref name=AkashaCat>{{cite web |title=Cat Pose – Marjariasana |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/cat-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> 
| बिडालासन मार्जरीआसन 
| Cat
| Kneeling
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[T.K.V. Desikachar]], [[Satyananda Saraswati]]<ref name=AkashaCat/>
|
| [[File:Yoga at Your Park - Bitilasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Chaturanga Dandasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=89}}
| चतुरङ्गदण्डासन
| Four-Limbed Staff Low Plank
| Reclining
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}
|
| [[File:Chaturanga-Dandasana low Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Dandasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=52}}
| दण्डासन
| Staff
| Sitting
|
|
| 8th C. [[Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa|PSV]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}}
|
| [[File:Dandasana yoga posture.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Dhanurasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=94}}
| धनुरासन
| Bow
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.27
|
| [[File:Dhanurasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Durvasasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=299-302}}
| दुर्वासासन
| [[Durvasa]]'s Pose
| Standing, Balancing
|
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]] (as 'Trivikramasana'){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=78}}
|
| [[File:Durvasasana from Sritattvanidhi.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Garbha Pindasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=136–137}}
| गर्भासन
| Embryo in Womb
| Sitting
|
|
| 17th C. [[Bahr al-Hayat|BaH]]<ref name="Mallinson 2011"/>
|
| [[File:Garbhasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3|center]]

|-
| [[Garudasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=46}}
| गरुडासन
| [[Garuda|Eagle]]
| Standing, Balancing
|
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=75}}{{efn|[[Gheranda Samhita|GhS]] uses the name Garuḍāsana for a different pose.}}
|
|[[File:Garudasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Gomukhasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=56}}
| गोमुखासन
| Cow-faced
| Sitting
|
| Meditation<ref>{{cite web |title=Gomukhasana (Cow Face Posture) |url=http://sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=1261 |publisher=The [[Divine Life Society]] |access-date=28 January 2019 |date=2011 |quote=Hence, this Asana is suitable for the practice of Pranayama. Ordinarily you can sit at all times in this Asana for long meditation also.}}</ref>
| 4th C. [[Darshana Upanishad|DU]] 3.3–4{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|p=124}}{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}} 7th C. [[Ahirbudhnya Samhita|AS]]{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}} 10th C. [[Vimānārcanākalpa|V]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}} 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.20 17th C. [[Haṭha Ratnāvali|HR]] 3{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|p=}}{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=116-119}}{{sfn|Sriharisukesh|Pailoor|2019|pp=270–273}}
| Shoelace
|[[File:Gomukhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Gorakshasana]]
|गोरक्षासन
| Cowherd [[Gorakhnath]]'s pose 
| Sitting
|
| Meditation
| 14th C. [[Śiva Saṃhitā|ShS]] 3.108-112 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.28-29 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 2.24-25
|
| [[File:Jogapradipika 22 Bhadragorakhasana (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Halasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=110}}
| हलासन
| [[Plough]]
| Inversion
| Forward bend
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=72}} (as Lāṇgalāsana, plough) 20th C. [[Theos Bernard|TB]]{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=110}} 
|
| [[File:Halasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Hanumanasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=340}}
| हनुमनासन
| [[Hanuman]]'s Pose
| Sitting
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=60–63}}
|
| [[File:Hanumanasana - Hanuman's Posture - in Diagonal View.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Janusirsasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=59}}
| जानुशीर्षासन
| Head-to-Knee
| Sitting
| Forward Bend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Head to Knee Pose – Janushirshasana |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/head-to-knee-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref>
|
| [[File:Janusirsasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Jathara Parivartanasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=237–240}}
| ञटर परिवर्तनासन
| Belly twist
| Reclining
| Twist
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=237–240}}
|
| 

|-
| [[Kapotasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=144}}
| कपोतासन
| Pigeon
| Kneeling
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=367-372}}
|
| [[File:Kapotasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Karnapidasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=112}}
| कर्णपीडासन
| Ear-pressing
| Inversion
| Forward bend
|
| 20th C. [[Theos Bernard|TB]]{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=111}} (as variant of [[Halasana]]); [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=220-221}}
|
| [[File:Karnapidasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
|[[Kaundinyasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=276}}
| कौण्डिन्यसन
| [[Kaundinya]]'s pose
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=330-336}}
|
|[[File:Mr-yoga-two-legged-koundinya.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Kraunchasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=62}}
| क्रौञ्चासन
| Heron
| Sitting
|
|
| 17th C. [[Haṭha Ratnāvali|HR]]{{sfn|Srinivasa|2002|pp=98–122 asanas listed; Figures of asanas in unnumbered pages between pages 153 and 154; asanas named but not described in text listed on pages 157–159}}
|
|
|-
| [[Kukkutasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=136–137}}
| कुक्कुटासन
| Cockerel
| Balancing
|
|
| 7th C. [[Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā|AS]]<ref name="Mallinson 2011">{{cite web |last1=Mallinson |first1=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |title=A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by JamesMallinson |url=https://www.academia.edu/1146607 |access-date=4 January 2019 |date=9 December 2011}} revised from American Academy of Religions conference, San Francisco, 19 November 2011.</ref> 13th C. [[Vasishtha Samhita|VS]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=104–105}} 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.23 17th C. ''[[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]'' 2.31{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=75}}
|
| [[File:Yoga shaktipat kukkutasana by alexey baykov.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Kurmasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=68}}{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=120}}
| कूर्मासन
| Tortoise
| Sitting
| Forward bend
|
| 7th C. [[Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā|AS]]<ref name="Mallinson 2011"/>
|
| [[File:Kūrmāsana - Tortoise Pose with Hands Facing Back.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Lolasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=124}}
| लोलासन
| Pendant
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C.{{efn|Not yet yoga in 1896 as Jhūla pose in ''[[Vyayama Dipika]]'' gymnastics book{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=55}}}}{{efn| [[Light on Yoga|LoY]] has the legs as in Gomukhasana, not in Padmasana.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=116}}}}
|
| [[File:Mr-yoga-pendant pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Makarasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=90}}
| मकरासन
| Crocodile
| Reclining
|
|
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 2.40{{efn|[[Light on Yoga|LoY]] quotes and interprets [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 2.40 as meaning a variant of Salabhasana, the legs stretched out and raised, the arms as GhS states on the head, also raised;{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=100-101}} Saraswati has the head supported with elbows on the ground;{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=90}} a widespread modern form has feet and head on the ground.}}
|
| [[File:Makarasana Asana (Crocodile Posture).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Malasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=262-267}}
| मालासन
| Garland
| Squatting
| Forward bend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=262-267}}
|
| [[File:Mālāsana heel grab side.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Mandukasana]]
| मन्दुकासन
| Frog
| Sitting
|
|
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}
|
| 

|-
| [[Marichyasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=63, 70, 73}}
| मरीच्यासन
| [[Marichi]]'s Pose
| Sitting
| Twist
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Krishnamacharya|2006|p=115}}
|
| [[File:Marichyasana....jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Matsyasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=83}}
| मत्स्यासन
| Fish
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 2.21
| Fish
| [[File:Matsyasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Matsyendrasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=326}}
| मत्स्येन्द्रासन
| Lord of the Fishes [[Matsyendranath|Matsyendra]]'s pose
| Sitting
| Twist
|
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.28-29 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 
|
| [[File:Ardha-Matsyendrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Mayurasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=142}}
| मयूरासन
| Peacock
| Balancing
|
|
| 10th C. [[Vimānārcanākalpa|V]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}} 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.33
|
| [[File:Peacock pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Muktasana]]<ref name=Yogapedia/>
| मुक्तासन
| Liberated
| Sitting
|
| Meditation
| 10th C. [[Vimānārcanākalpa|V]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}}{{efn|Several sitting meditation poses have been called Muktasana.}}
|
| [[File:Samanasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Natarajasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=149}}
| नटराजासन
| Lord of the Dance Dancer [[Nataraja]]'s Pose
| Standing
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|p=223}}
|
| [[File:Natarajasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Navasana]] Naukasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}} 
| नावासन, परिपूर्णनावासन नौकासन
| Boat
| Sitting
| Forward bend
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=69}}
|
| [[File:Paripurna-Navasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]


|-
| [[Lotus position|Padmasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=54}}
| पद्मासन
| Lotus
| Sitting
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=98}}
| 4th C. [[Darshana Upanishad|DU]]{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}} 8th C. [[Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa|PSV]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}} 
|
| [[File:Lotus pose.JPG|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
|[[Parighasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=48}}
| परिघासन
| Gate
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}
|
| [[File:Gate Pose (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Parshvakonasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=24-25}}
| पार्श्वकोणासन
| Side angle
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Utthita-Parshvakonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Parshvottanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=40}}
| पार्श्वोत्तनासन
| Intense side stretch
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Parshvottanasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Pashasana]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=(no byline) |title=Noose Pose |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/noose-pose |publisher=Yoga Journal |access-date=11 November 2018 |date=28 August 2007}}</ref>
| पाशासन
| Noose
| Squatting
| Twist
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}}
|
| [[File:Pasasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Paschimottanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=64}}
| पश्चिमोत्तानासन
| Seated Forward Bend
| Sitting
| Forward Bend
|
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1:28{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}} 17th C. ''[[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]'' 2:26{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=84}} 
| Full Forward Bend, Caterpillar
| [[File:Paschimotanasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Pincha Mayurasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=97}}
| पिञ्चमयूरासन
| Feathered Peacock
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=285-287}}
|
| [[File:Ardha vrishkasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3|center]]

|-
| [[Prasarita Padottanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=42}}
| प्रसारित पादोत्तानासन
| Wide Stance Forward Bend
| Standing
| Forward bend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Practice (1) (16383984312).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Rajakapotasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=143}}
| राजकपोतासन
| King Pigeon
| Sitting
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=389-397}}
| Swan, Sleeping Swan
| [[File:Yoga shaktipat rajakapotasana by alexey baykov.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Shalabhasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=92}}
| शलभासन
| Locust
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Theos Bernard|TB]]{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=114}}
|
| [[File:Salabhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Sarvangasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=111–115}}
|सालम्बसर्वाङ्गासन
| Shoulderstand
| Inversion
|
|
| 20th C. (this name); 19th C. as [[Viparita Karani]] in [[Joga Pradīpikā|JP]]; 15th C. [[Hatha Yoga Pradipika|HYP]]
|
|[[File:Sarvangasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Samakonasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=149}}
| समकोणासन
| Side splits
| Sitting
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Samakonasana (Side Split) Szpagat poprzeczny.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]


|-
| [[Shavasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=150}}
| शवासन
| Corpse
| Reclining
|
|
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 1.32{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=79}}
| Corpse
| [[File:Shavasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Setu Bandha Sarvangasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=116, 120–121}}
| सेतुबन्धसर्वाङ्गासन
| Shoulder supported bridge
| Inversion
| Backbend
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]], called Kāmapīṭhāsana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|page=Plate 14}}
|
| [[File:Kamapithasana (Setubandhasana) from Sritattvanidhi.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Siddhasana]] (men), Siddha Yoni Asana (women){{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=100–103}} 
| सिद्धासन
| Accomplished, The [[Siddha|Adept's]] Pose
| Sitting
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=100–103}}
| 10th C. [[Goraksha Sataka|GS]] 1.10-12
|
| [[File:sidhasana.JPG|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Simhasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=106–107}}
| सिंहासन
| Lion
| Sitting
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=106–107}}
| 4th C. [[Darshana Upanishad|DU]]{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}} 10th C. [[Vimānārcanākalpa|V]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=100-101}} 
|
| [[File:Simhasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Shirshasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=98}} Kapalasana{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=74}}
| शीर्षासन
| Headstand, Yoga Headstand 
| Inversion
|
|
| 11th C. [[Hemacandra|HY]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=104}}(called ''Duryodhanāsana'' or ''Kapālīkarana'') 14th C. [[Śiva Saṃhitā|ShS]] 4.45-47 (as [[Viparita Karani]]){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 3.78-81 (ditto){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 3.33-35 (ditto){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} 18th C. [[Joga Pradīpikā|JP]] (as ''Kapala āsana'') 
|
|[[File:Shirshasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3|center]]

|-
| [[Sukhasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=53}}
| सुखासन
| Easy
| Sitting
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=96}}
| 4th C. [[Darshana Upanishad|DU]]{{sfn|Larson|Bhattacharya|2008|pp=479, 599}}
| Easy
|[[File:Sukhasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Supta Padangusthasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=88}}
| सुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासन
| Big toe supine
| Reclining
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Ardha maerudhandaasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Surya Namaskar]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=146–147}}{{sfn|Lidell|1983|pp=34–35}}
| सुर्य नमस्कार
| Salute to the Sun Sun Salutation
| Standing
| Forward bend, backbend sequence
|
| 20th C. Rajah of [[Aundh State|Aundh]],<ref name="ET 2018">{{cite news |last1=Doctor |first1=Vikram |title=Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi: The man who promoted Surya Namaskar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bhawanrao-shrinivasrao-pant-pratinidhi-the-man-who-promoted-surya-namaskar/articleshow/64607546.cms |work=The Economic Times (India) |date=15 June 2018}}</ref> then [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=205-206}}
|
|[[File:1Pranamasana.JPG|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Svastikasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=103–104}}
| स्वस्तिकसन
| Auspicious Lucky mark
| Sitting
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|pp=103–104}}
| 8th C. [[Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa|PSV]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}}
| Square
| [[File:Jogapradipika 1 Svastikasana (detail).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Tadasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=18}}
| ताडासन
| Mountain
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}
|
| [[File:Tadasana - Yoga Art and Science.jpg|frameless|upright=0.2|center]]

|-
| [[Tittibhasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=308-309}}
| टिट्टिभासन
| Firefly
| Balancing
|
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=76}} (as Mālāsana)
|
| [[File:Mr-yoga-firefly-pose-1.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Trikonasana]], Utthita Trikonasana{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=22}}
|त्रिकोणासन, उत्थित त्रिकोणासन
| Triangle
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=90}}
|
| [[File:Trikonasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Trivikramasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=356-357}}
| त्रिविक्रमासन
| Trivikrama's pose Standing splits Supta Trivikramasana (reclining variant)
| Standing, Balancing
| 
| 
| 13th - 18th C. in [[Bharatnatyam]] dance statues of Eastern [[Gopuram]], [[Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram]]<ref name="Bhavanani 2001">{{cite web |last1=Bhavanani |first1=Ananda Balayogi |last2=Bhavanani |first2=Devasena |title=Bharatanatyam and Yoga |url=http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htm |date=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023215608/http://www.dhdi.free.fr/recherches/horizonsinterculturels/articles/bharatanatyamyoga.htm |archive-date=23 October 2006}}</ref>
|
| [[File:Trivikramasana temple statue.JPG|frameless|upright=0.25|center]]

|-
| [[Tulasana]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ezraty |first1=Maty |title=Asana |journal=Yoga Journal |date=2002 |issue=January/February |pages=116–128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-oDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124}}</ref>
|तुलासन
| Balance / Scales
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=134-135}}
|
| [[File:Mr-yoga-scales-pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Upavishta Konasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=65}}
| उपविष्टकोणासन
| Open Angle
| Sitting
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
| Dragonfly
| [[File:Mr-yoga-seated-angle-pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Urdhva Dhanurasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=138}} [[Chakrasana]] 
| ऊर्ध्वधनुरासन, चक्रासन
| Upwards-facing bow, Wheel
| Inversion
| Backbend
|
| 19th C. [[Sritattvanidhi|ST]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=70}} (as Paryaṇkāsana)
|
| [[File:Chakrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=91}}
| ऊर्ध्वमुखश्वानासन
| Upward-Facing Dog
| Reclining
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}
|
| [[File:Upward-facing dog pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Ushtrasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=134–135}}
| उष्ट्रासन
| Camel
| Kneeling
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=87-88}}
|
| [[File:Ustrasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Utkatasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=47}}
| उत्कटासन
| Awkward or Powerful
| Standing
|
|
| 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] (squatting){{sfn|Sjoman|1999|pp=40–41, plate 17}} 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}} 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Utkatasana {{!}} Chair Pose |url=http://akashayogaacademy.com/inspiration/teachings/asanas/chair-pose/ |publisher=Akasha Yoga Academy |access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> (chair-like) 
|
| [[File:Utkatasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Uttanasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=44}}
| उत्तानासन
| Standing Forward Bend
| Standing
| Forward bend
|
| 20th C. [[Theos Bernard|TB]] (as Padahastasana){{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=132}}; [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Uttanasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3|center]]

|-
| [[Utthita Hastapadangusthasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=20}}
| उत्थित हस्तपादाङ्गुष्ठासन
| Standing Big Toe Hold (I: leg to the side; II: leg to the front{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=20}}) 
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=204-205}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=49}}
|
| [[File:Utthita-Hasta-Padangusthasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Vajrasana (yoga)|Vajrasana]]{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=109}}
| वज्रासन
| Thunderbolt
| Kneeling
|
| Meditation<ref>{{cite web |title=Sitting Postures for Pranayama and Meditation |url=https://www.yogaindailylife.org/system/en/exercise-levels/sitting-postures-for-pranayama-and-meditation |website=Yoga in Daily Life |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref>
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}} (may mean [[Virasana]]{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=79}})
|
| [[File:Vajrasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3|center]]

|-
| [[Vasishtasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|pp=126–127}}
| वसिष्ठासन
| [[Vasishta]]'s pose, Side plank 
| Balancing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]{{sfn|Singleton|2010|pp=200-205}}
|
| [[File:Yoga PLank.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Viparita Dandasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=373–379}}
| विपरीत दण्डासन
| Inverted Staff
| Inversion
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]?, [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=373–379}}
|
| [[File:Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Viparita Karani]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=122}} Uttanapadasana (variant)
| विपरीतकरणि
| Inverted practice Legs up the wall 
| Inversion
|
|
| 13th C. [[Vivekamārtaṇḍa|VM]] for [[pratyahara]]<ref name="Westoby 2019">{{cite web |last=Westoby |first=Ruth |title=The Viveka-mārtaṇḍa on pratyāhāra in viparītakaraṇī with James Mallinson |url=https://sanskritreadingroom.wordpress.com/2019/10/11/withdrawing-the-senses-james-mallinson/  |publisher=[[SOAS, University of London]] |access-date=14 November 2020 |date=October 2019}}</ref> 14th C. [[Śiva Saṃhitā|ShS]] 4.45-47{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} 15th C. [[Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā|HYP]] 3.78-81{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]] 3.33-35{{sfn|Bernard|2007|p=29}} and other texts{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=90}}{{efn|Viparita Karani is an inverted practice rather than an asana; the ShS, HYP and GhS descriptions suggest the actual posture used was a headstand.}} 
| Legs-Up-the-Wall
| [[File:Viparita-Karani Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Viparita Virabhadrasana]]<ref name="McCrary 2015">{{cite web |last1=McCrary |first1=Meagan |title=#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journal |publisher=Yoga Journal |date=15 July 2015 |quote=Reverse Warrior {{!}} You won't find this playful variation of Warrior II Pose in ''Light on Yoga''.}}</ref>
| विपरीतवीरभद्रासन
| Reversed Warrior{{efn|This is a well-documented example of a post-''[[Light on Yoga]]'' (1966) pose, created as a variation of the 20th century Warrior poses. Hundreds of less common variations of other poses have been created in the same time frame.}}
| Standing
|
|
| 21st C. PL<ref name="McCrary 2015"/>
|
| [[File:Reverse warrior pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Virabhadrasana I]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=26}}
| वीरभद्रासन
| Warrior I
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]<ref name="Bahiranga">{{cite web |title=Virabhadrasana or Warrior Pose |date=2 August 2016 |url=http://bahiranga.com/the-history-and-meaning-of-warrior-pose/ |publisher=Bahiranga.com |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref>{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}
|
| [[File:Virabhadrasana I - Warrior Pose I.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Virabhadrasana II]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=28}}
| वीरभद्रासन II
| Warrior II
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]<ref name="Bahiranga"/>{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}
|
| [[File:Warrior II.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Virabhadrasana III]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=32}}
| वीरभद्रासन III
| Warrior III
| Standing
|
|
| 20th C. [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya|TK]]<ref name="Bahiranga"/>{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=161}}
|
| [[File:Tuladandasana.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]

|-
| [[Virasana]],{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=50}} Dhyana Virasana{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=105}} 
| वीरासन, ध्यान वीरासन 
| Hero, Hero's Meditation 
| Kneeling
|
| Meditation{{sfn|Saraswati|1996|p=105}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Crandell |first1=Jason |title=You Don't Have to Play Martyr in Hero Pose |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/practice/hero-s-journey |publisher=Yoga Journal |access-date=16 November 2018 |date=28 August 2007}}</ref>
| 4th C. [[Darshana Upanishad|DU]]{{sfn|Ayyangar|1938|pp=124-127}} 8th C. [[Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa|PSV]]{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=97-99}} (these may refer to a different meditation pose) 
|
| [[File:Virasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.4|center]]

|-
| [[Vrikshasana]]{{sfn|Mehta|Mehta|Mehta|1990|p=21}}
| वृक्षासन
| Tree
| Standing, Balancing
|
|
| 17th C. [[Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā|GhS]]{{sfn|Mallinson|2004|pp=16–17}}
|
| [[File:Vriksasana Yoga-Asana Nina-Mel.jpg|frameless|upright=0.35|center]]

|-
| [[Vrischikasana]]{{sfn|Lidell|1983|p=104}}
| वृश्चिकासन
| Scorpion
| Inversion
| Backbend
|
| 20th C. [[Light on Yoga|LoY]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=386–388}} (13th - 18th C. in [[Bharatnatyam]] dance statues of Eastern [[Gopuram]], [[Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram]] but not yoga<ref name="Bhavanani 2001"/>)
|
| [[File:Mr-yoga-stretched-out-scorpion.png|frameless|upright=0.5|center|alt=Variant with one leg bent]]

|-
| [[Yoganidrasana]]{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|pp=304-307}} Pasini Mudra
| योगनिद्रासन
| [[Yoga nidra|Yogic sleep]] Noose Mudra
| Reclining
| Forward bend
|
| 17th C. [[Haṭha Ratnāvalī|HR]] 3.70 17th C. [[Gheranda Samhita|GhS]] 3.84 as a [[Mudra]] 18th C. painting, Mysore{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=13}}
|
| [[File:Mr-yoga-yogic-sleep-pose.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|center]]
|}

==See also==

* [[Mudra]] – yoga gestures
* [[Pranayama]] – yoga breathing techniques
* [[Surya Namaskar]] – a foundational sequence of asanas

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|18em}}

==Sources==

* {{cite book |last=Ayyangar |first=T. R. Srinivasa (trans.) |title=The Yoga Upanishads |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheYogaUpanishads/TheYogaUpanisadsSanskritEngish1938#page/n3/mode/2up |year=1938 |publisher=The Adyar Library |location=Adyar, Madras}}
* {{cite book | last=Bernard | first=Theos | author-link=Theos Bernard | title=Hatha yoga : the report of a personal experience | publisher=Harmony | publication-place=Edinburgh | year=2007 | orig-year=1944 | isbn=978-0-9552412-2-2 | oclc=230987898}}
* {{cite book | last=Goldberg | first=Elliott |author-link=Elliott Goldberg | title=The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice | publisher=Inner Traditions | publication-place=Rochester, Vermont | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-62055-567-5 | oclc=926062252}}
* {{cite book | last=Iyengar | first=B. K. S. |author-link=B. K. S. Iyengar | year=1979 | orig-year=1966 | title=[[Light on Yoga|Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika]] | publisher=Thorsons |isbn=978-1855381667}}
* {{cite book |last1=Krishnamacharya |first1=Tirumalai |author-link=Tirumalai Krishnamacharya |title=Yoga Makaranda |date=2006 |orig-year=1934 |translator=Lakshmi Ranganathan |translator2=Nandini Ranganathan |url=https://yogastudies.org/2011/04/yoga-makaranda-first-part/}}
* {{cite book |last1=Larson |first1=Gerald James |author1-link=Gerald James Larson |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=Ram Shankar |title=Yoga : India's Philosophy of Meditation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6pURGdBBmIC&pg=PA599 |year=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3349-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Lidell | first=Lucy, The [[Sivananda Yoga]] Centre | title=The book of yoga | publisher=Ebury | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-85223-297-2 | oclc=12457963| url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofyoga0000lide }}
* {{cite book | last=Mallinson | first=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) | title=The Gheranda Samhita: the original Sanskrit and an English translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73DzK3kTIgEC | year=2004 | publisher=YogaVidya | isbn=978-0-9716466-3-6}}
* {{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark | author1-link=James Mallinson (author) |author2-link=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) | title=[[Roots of Yoga]] |series=Penguin Classics |location=London | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Silva |last2=Mehta |first2=Mira |last3=Mehta |first3=Shyam |author-link=Mira Mehta |date=1990 |title=[[Yoga: The Iyengar Way]] |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0863184208}}
* {{cite web |last=Murugan |first=Chillayah |publisher=Silambam |title=Yoga Asanas for Health and Fitness |date=20 October 2012 |url=http://www.silambam.asia/yoga_asana.html |access-date=31 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003155100/http://silambam.asia/yoga_asana.html |archive-date=3 October 2015}}
* {{cite book | last=Powers | first=Sarah |author-link=Sarah Powers | title=Insight Yoga | publisher=Shambhala | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-59030-598-0 | oclc=216937520}}
* {{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Swami Satyananda |author-link=Swami Satyananda Saraswati |title=Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha |url=http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |publisher=Yoga Publications Trust |year=1996 |isbn=978-8186336144|access-date=2018-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807084750/http://www.znakovi-vremena.net/en/Swami-Satyananda-Saraswati---Asana-Pranayama-Mudra-Bandha.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-07 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sriharisukesh |first1=N. |last2=Pailoor |first2=Subramanya |title=A review of asanas referenced in ancient texts and a brief comparative study of selected asanas |url=https://www.anantaajournal.com/archives/2019/vol5issue4/PartE/5-4-48-526.pdf |journal=International Journal of Sanskrit Research |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages= |issn=2394-7519}}
* {{cite book |author=Srinivasa |first1=Narinder |editor1-last=Gharote |editor1-first=M. L. |editor2-last=Devnath |editor2-first=Parimal |editor3-last=Jha |editor3-first=Vijay Kant |title=Hatha Ratnavali Srinivasayogi {{!}} A Treatise On Hathayoga |date=2002 |publisher=The [[Lonavla Yoga Institute]] |location=Lonavla, India |isbn=81-901176-96 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/details/HathaRatnavaliSrinivasayogiATreatiseOnHathayogaEd.GharoteM.L.DevnathParimalDevNa/page/n191}}
* {{cite book | last=Singleton | first=Mark |author-link=Mark Singleton (yoga teacher) | title=Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice | title-link=Yoga Body | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-19-539534-1 | oclc=318191988}}
* {{cite book |last=Sjoman |first=Norman E. |author-link=Norman Sjoman |title=The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace |title-link=The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1999 |isbn=81-7017-389-2}}

{{Asana}}
{{Yoga}}
{{Yoga as exercise}}

[[Category:Asanas|*]]
[[Category:Hatha yoga|Asanas]]
[[Category:Yoga as exercise]]

Ketan Patel

2026-02-16T18:54:08Z

Natasha6581: New some stub w/ refs

{{For|the British–Kenyan scientist|Ketan J. Patel}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ketan Patel
| image = Ketan Patel.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Patel in 2019
| native_name =
| birth_name = Ketan Rajnibhai Patel
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| other_names =
| education =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[L. M. College of Pharmacy]], GTU|Dharamsinh Desai University}}
| occupation = [[Pharmacist]], businessman
| years_active =
| organization =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| awards =
| website = 
}}

'''Ketan Patel''' is an Indian [[pharmacist]], innovator, and serves as the chairman & managing director of Troikaa Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company headquartered in [[Gujarat]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Talukdar |first1=Tapash |title=The pain killer |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/the-pain-killer/articleshow/3456141.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=8 September 2008}}</ref>

Patel is the chairman of the Board of Governors at [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research]] (NIPER), Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ketanbhai Rajnibhai Patel vs State Of Gujarat on 4 September, 2019 |url=https://www.niperahm.ac.in/governing-body.htm |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>

==Education & career==
Patel earned Gold Medals during both his [[Bachelor of Pharmacy]] and [[Master of Pharmacy]] programs from [[L. M. College of Pharmacy]], [[Ahmedabad]]. He received a [[Ph.D.]] in Pharmaceutical Technology, which he obtained from Dharamsinh Desai University, [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=L M COLLEGE OF PHARMACY M.PHARM. ALUMNI (1956-2013) |url=http://lmcp.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/list_of_mpharm_stuents.212122606.pdf |website=lmcp.in |access-date=2019-12-20 |archive-date=2018-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713172332/http://lmcp.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/list_of_mpharm_stuents.212122606.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Patel established the "Rajnibhai.V. Patel Pharmlnnova Award" under the aegis of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Award |url=https://www.tnmgrmu.ac.in/images/archives/2014/pharminnovaaward_2014.pdf |website=.tnmgrmu.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Home : PharmInnova Award |url=http://www.innovativethesisaward.org/ |website=www.innovativethesisaward.org |access-date=2019-12-20 |archive-date=2020-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204011953/http://www.innovativethesisaward.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Details of his career are documented in the book titled 'THE INNOVATORS,' published by the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)]] [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Awasthi |first1=Dinesh Narain |last2=Joshi |first2=Rajiv |title=The Innovators: Stories of Hi-tech Entrepreneurs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnfTjgEACAAJ |publisher=Centre for Policy Research in Science & Technology Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India |language=en |date=2015 |isbn=978-93-80574-84-4 }}</ref>

==Invention==
Patel is the primary inventor and patent holder of a painless diclofenac injection marketed under the brand name 'DYNAPAR-AQ' by Troikaa Pharmaceuticals Ltd. His innovation earned recognition from the [[Government of India]]’s [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)#Department of Scientific and Industrial Research|Department of Science & Industrial Research]], which honored him with the National Award in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ketanbhai Rajnibhai Patel vs State Of Gujarat on 4 September, 2019 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/134218158/ |website=Indiankanoon}}</ref><ref name=P1>{{cite web |title=Injectable preparations of diclofenic and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2006095363A3/en |website=Patent Google |language=en |date=30 January 2006}}</ref>

In 2008, he invented a quick, powerful & long-lasting penetrating solution of Diclofenac designed for Topical administration known as “Dynapar QPS”, for which he was conferred with a National Award in 2015 from the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science & Technology]], [[Govt of India]].<ref name=P2>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2009047785A2/en|title=A non-aqueous topical solution of diclofenac and process for preparing the same}}</ref>

In 2019, he introduced a solution for [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]. NasoB12, the world's first globally approved nasal drug delivery system, utilizes [[Methylcobalamin]], the biologically active form of Vitamin B12, to effectively address Vitamin B12 deficiency, which has high prevalence in India and developing nations. NASO B12 was honored with the "India Star Award" for outstanding packaging design. This award was provided by the Indian Institute of Packaging, an autonomous body operating under the aegis of the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Troikaa Pharma with its indigenised B12 nasal spray sees doctors prefer simple ways to offset B-12 deficiency |url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=119899&sid=1 |website=Pharmabiz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WIPO - Search International and National Patent Collections |url=https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2012056299 |website=patentscope.wipo.int}}</ref>

In 2023, Xykaa IM, world’s first 500 mg Paracetamol/2ml injection was introduced by Ketan Patel and Milan Patel.<ref>{{cite web |title=DPCO impact: Revenue of local pharma players may dip |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/dpco-impact-revenue-of-local-pharma-players-may-dip-113070101023_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WO2012001494 - PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PARACETAMOL AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |url=https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2012001494 |website=patentscope.wipo.int}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
[[File:Ketan Patel receiving award from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in 2011.jpg|thumb|Ketan Patel receiving award from [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam]] in 2011]]
*National Award by [[Department of Scientific & Industrial Research]] (DSIR) in 2011, facilitated by former [[President of India]] – [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] for R&D efforts

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Ketan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century pharmacists]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Dharamsinh Desai University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Barot House

2026-02-16T01:29:46Z

Natasha6581: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|2019 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Barot House
| image = Barot House.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Bugs Bhargava Krishna
| producer = Jahanara Bhargava Seema Mohapatra Hussain Shaikh
| writer = [[Sanjeev K Jha]]
| starring = [[Amit Sadh]] [[Manjari Fadnis]]
| music =
| cinematography = Deep Metkar
| editing = Akshara Prabhakar
| studio = Faizee Productions Ten Years Younger Productions
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2019|08|07}}
| runtime = 89 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''[[Barotseland|Barot]] House''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Psychological thriller|psychological thriller film]] directed by Bugs Bhargava Krishna and written by [[Sanjeev K Jha|Sanjeev K. Jha]]. It stars [[Amit Sadh]] and [[Manjari Fadnis]] in the lead roles. The story revolves around an upper middle-class Indian family caught in the whirlwind of murder and crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/reviews/movies/article/barot-house-movie-review-amit-sadh-and-manjiri-fadnnis-starrer-is-a-jaw-dropping-edge-of-the-seat-thriller/464682|title= Movie Review: Amit Sadh and Manjari Fadnnis starrer is a jaw-dropping, edge of the seat thriller|publisher=TimesNow|date=7 August 2019}}</ref> The film was released through [[Zee5]] on 7 August 2019 to generally positive response from the critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/barot-house-amit-sadhs-upcoming-suspense-drama-to-premiere-on-7-august-on-zee5-6934891.html|title=Barot House: Amit Sadh's upcoming suspense drama to premiere on 7 August on Zee5|work=Firstpost|date=July 4, 2019|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Amit Barot, the patriarch of the Barot House, lives in a serene neighbourhood in [[Daman, India|Daman]] with his family consisting of his wife, Bhavana, mother, and 4 children – a son and 3 daughters.

On [[Janmashtami]], one of the daughters, Shreya, goes missing while playing hide and seek. The following day, her body is found in a graveyard. Amit's younger brother Ajay and their neighbour Anthony are suspected for the murder of Shreya. Soon after, the second daughter of the house also dies, and the police suspect Ajay.

Both Amit and Bhavana become emotionally drained and Amit starts suspecting his son Malhar for the deaths of his daughters after he apparently tried to drown his baby sister Sneha while playing, who was saved by Amit. Malhar even admits it when Amit violently questions him.

One day Anthony's son Roshan is murdered and Amit tries to hang Malhar to save everyone but he can't. The police question Amit about Roshan's murder and Amit says that Malhar is the murderer. Malhar also accepts it.

Malhar then admits himself to the juvenile home. A psychologist questions him to find the fact and fails. He is reluctant to see his father too. They find scars on the boy's back, and when he asks to draw something, he draws pictures of his father murdering the girls with him watching from a distance. But he throws away those drawings and shows one in which he plays [[tabla]]. The psychologist finds the drawings in the dustbin after watching Malhar through CCTV and believes that his father is the killer and Malhar tried to save his father because he worships him.

The police question the family again and it is revealed that Amit as well as Anthony's wife Sophia suspect Bhavana and Anthony of having an affair and Amit always suspected Shreya and Shruti to be Anthony's daughters. The police arrest Amit and releases Malhar. Amit tries to attack the boy, and because of this the police thinks he carried out the killings. Amit's wife also does not believe him.

After a few days, while Bhavana is upstairs, Malhar throws little Sneha into the well which Bhavana witnesses from upstairs and screams. In the epilogue, Amit is released from jail and Malhar arrested again. Amit and Bhavana adopt 3 daughters and name them Shreya, Shruti and Sneha. They move out of Barot house and never see Malhar again. It is assumed that Malhar has [[schizophrenia]], and he was very cunning for his age to lead the psychologists to believe in his innocence, without uttering a word. He even knew that he was being watched through CCTV. Malhar never explained the reason behind the brutal murders.

==Cast==
* [[Amit Sadh]] as Amit Barot
* [[Manjari Fadnis]] as Bhavana Barot
* Aaryan Menghji as Malhar Barot
* Aseem Hattangadi as Anthony D'Souza
* Farida Patel Venkat as Pramila Patel
* Kiearra Soni as Shreya Barot
* Kishaa Arora as Shruti Barot
*[[Alefia Kapadia]] as Sophia D'Souza<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-07|title=Barot House: 7 reasons why you should hop on this thrilling ride|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/tv/barot-house-7-reasons-why-you-should-hop-on-this-thrilling-ride-1456287/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Bollywood Life|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Aeshra Patel]] as Hina Desai

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10671436}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2019 direct-to-video films]]

2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-14T15:58:05Z

Natasha6581: update references for clarity further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian state election}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election 2003
| country = India
| flag_year =
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| party_colour =
| previous_election = 1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1998
| next_election = 2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2008
| seats_for_election = All 230 assembly constituencies
| election_date = 27 November 2003
| majority_seats = 116
| registered = {{formatnum:37936518}}
| turnout = 67.25% {{increase}} 7.03%

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=09}}
| leader1 = [[Uma Bharati|Uma Bharti]]
| leader_since1 = 2003
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 =
| leaders_seat1 = [[Malhara Assembly constituency|Malehra]]
| last_election1 = 83
| seats_before1 =
| seats1 = '''173'''
| seats_after1 =
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 90
| popular_vote1 = '''10,836,807'''
| percentage1 = '''42.50%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 3.22%

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Digvijaya_Singh.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader2 = [[Digvijaya Singh]]
| leader_since2 = 1993
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 =
| leaders_seat2 = [[Raghogarh Assembly constituency|Raghogarh]]
| last_election2 = 124
| seats_before2 =
| seats2 = 38
| seats_after2 =
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 86
| popular_vote2 = 8,059,414
| percentage2 = 31.61%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 8.89%

| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mayawati.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| last_election3 = 11
| leader3 = [[Mayawati]]
| leader_since3 = 2003
| leaders_seat3 = ''Did not contest''
| party3 = Bahujan Samaj Party
| percentage3 = 7.26%
| popular_vote3 = 1,852,528
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 9
| seats3 = 2
| swing3 = {{increase}} 1.11%

| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Digvijaya Singh]]
| after_election = [[Uma Bharti]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
Elections to the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] were held on 27 November 2003. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won a majority of seats and [[Uma Bharti]] was sworn in as the new Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/loh_.htm |title=मध्‍यप्रदेश के माननीय मुख्‍यमंत्रियों/सदन का नेता की सूची |language=hi |trans-title=List of the honorable Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh |website=mpvidhansabha.nic.in |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>

== Result ==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2003.svg]]
|party1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes1=10836807|seats1=173|sc1={{increase}}90
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=8059414|seats2=38|sc2={{decrease}}86
|party3=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes3=1852528|seats3=2|sc3={{decrease}}9
|party4=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes4=946891|seats4=7|sc4={{increase}}3
|party7=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes7=517270|seats7=3|sc7={{increase}}2
|party8=[[Rashtriya Samanta Dal]]|votes8=335058|seats8=2|sc8=New
|party9=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes9=324780|seats9=1|sc9=
|party10=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes10=140691|seats10=1|sc10=
|party11=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes11=62006|seats11=1|sc11=
|party14=Others|votes14=460403|seats14=0|sc14=0
|party15=Independents|votes15=1964442|seats15=2|sc15=
|total_sc={{decrease}}90
|invalid=10221
|electorate=37936518
|source=ECI<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Elected members==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Reserved for ([[Scheduled Castes|SC]]/[[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]/None)
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| Sheopur || None || Durgalal Vijay || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bijeypur || None || Ramniwas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sabalgarh || None || Mehar Ban Singh Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Joura || None || Ummed Singh Bana || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sumawali || None || Gajraj Singh Sikarwar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Morena || None || Rustam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dimni || SC || Sandhya Ray || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ambah || SC || Bansilal Jatab || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gohad || SC || Lal Singh Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mehgaon || None || Munna Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Attair || None || Satyadev Katare || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bhind || None || Narendra Singh Kushwah || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ron || None || Rasal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lahar || None || Dr. Govind Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Gwalior || None || Narendra Singh Tomar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lashkar East || None || Anoop Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lashkar West || None || Narayan Singh Kushwah || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Morar || None || Dhyanendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gird || None || Brajendra Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dabra || None || Dr. Narottam Mishra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bhander || SC || Dr. Kamlapat Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Seondha || SC || Ram Dayal Prabhakar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Datia || None || Ghan Shyam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Karera || None || Lakhan Singh Baghel || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Pohri || None || Harivallabh Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Samanta Dal}}
|-
| Shivpuri || None || Srimant Yashodhara Raje Scindia || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pichhore || None || K.p.singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kolaras || SC || Om Prakash Khateek || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Guna || None || Kanhaiyalal Rameshwar Agrawal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chachaura || None || Shivnarayan Meena || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Raghogarh || None || Digvijay Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Shadora || SC || Gopi Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ashoknagar || None || Jagannath Singh Raghuwanshi Vakil || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mungaoli || None || Gopal Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bina || None || Sushila Rakesh Sirothiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khurai || SC || Dharmu Rai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Banda || None || Harnam Bhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Naryaoli || SC || Narayan Prasad Kabeer Panthi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sagar || None || Smt. Sudha Jain || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Surkhi || None || Govind Singh Rajput || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Rehli || None || Gopal Bhargav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Deori || None || Ratan Singh Silarpur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Niwari || None || Brijendra Singh Rathore || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jatara || None || Sunil Nayak || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khargapur || SC || Hari Shankar Khateek || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Tikamgarh || None || Akhand Pratap Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Malehra || None || Uma Bharti || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bijawar || None || Jitendra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chhatarpur || None || Vikram Singh Alias Nati Raja || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Maharajpur || SC || Ahirwar Ramdayal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chandla || None || Bundela Vijay Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nohata || None || Chandrabhan Singh ( Bhaiya ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Damoh || None || Jayant Malaiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Patharia || SC || Sonabai Sevakram Ahirwar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Hatta || None || Ghangaram Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Panna || None || Kusum Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Amanganj || SC || Kashi Prasad Bagri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pawai || None || Brajendra Pratap || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Maihar || None || Narayan Tripathi` || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nagod || None || Nagendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Raigaon || SC || Jugul Kishor || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chitrakoot || None || Prem Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Satna || None || Shankar Lal Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rampur Baghelan || None || Harsh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Samanta Dal}}
|-
| Amarpatan || None || Rajendra Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Rewa || None || Rajendra Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gurh || None || Nagendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mangawan || None || [[Girish Gautam]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sirmaur || None || Ram Lakhan Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| Teonthar || None || Ramakant Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Deotalab || SC || [[Panchu Lal Prajapati]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mauganj || None || Dr. I.m.p. Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Churahat || None || Ajay Singh ( Rahul Bhaiya ) || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sidhi || None || Indrajeet Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Gopadbanas || None || Krishna Kumar Singh (bhawar Sahib) || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dhauhani || ST || Chhatra Pati Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Deosar || ST || Jagannath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Singrauli || SC || Banshmani Prasad Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Beohari || None || Kunwar Lavkesh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Umaria || None || Gyan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nowrozabad || ST || Meena Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jaisinghnagar || ST || Jairam Singh Marko || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kotma || ST || Jay Singh Marabi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Anuppur || ST || Ramlal Rautel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sohagpur || None || Chhote Lal Sarawagi ( Khuddi Bhaiya ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pushparajgarh || ST || Sudama Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Baihar || ST || Bhagat Singh Netam || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lanji || None || Dileep Kumar / Bhaiyalal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Kirnapur Assembly constituency|Kirnapur]] || None || Pushpalata Likhiram Kavre || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Waraseoni || None || Pradeep Amrit Lal Jaiswal (gudda) || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Khairlanjee || None || Bodh Singh Bhagat || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Katangi || None || K.d Deshmukh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Balaghat || None || Gauri Shankar Chaturbhuj Bisen || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Paraswada || None || Darboosingh Uikey || {{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}
|-
| Nainpur || ST || Dev Singh Saiyam || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mandla || ST || Shivraj Shah || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bichhia || ST || Pandit Singh Dhurwey || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bajag || ST || Om Prakash Dhurve || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dindori || ST || Dulichand Uraiti || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Shahpura || ST || Dr.c.s Bhavedi ( Chain Singh ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Niwas || ST || Rampyare Kulaste || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bargi || ST || Anup Singh Maravi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Panagar || ST || Moti Kashyap || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jabalpur Cantonment || None || Ishwar Das Rohani || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jabalpur East || SC || Anchal Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jabalpur Central || None || Sarad Jain ( Advocate ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jabalpur West || None || Babbu Harendra Jeet Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Patan || None || Tha. Sobaran Singh " Babooji" || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Majholi || None || Ajay Vishnoi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sihora || None || Dilip Dubey (bade) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bahoriband || None || Nishith Patel || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Murwara || None || Alka Jain || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Badwara || None || Saroj Bachchan Nayak || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| Vijairaghogarh || None || Dhruv Pratap Singh (deepak Bhaiya) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gadarwara || None || Govind Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bohani || None || Sanjay Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Narsimhapur || None || Jalam Singh Patel ( Munna Bhaiya ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gotegaon || SC || Hakamsingh Chadhar(mehra) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lakhanadon || ST || Smt. Shashi Thakur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ghansor || ST || Ram Gulam Uikey || {{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}
|-
| Keolari || None || Harvansh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Barghat || None || Dr. Dhal Singh Bisen || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Seoni || None || Naresh Diwakar ( D. N.) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jamai || ST || Ram Das Uikey || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chhindwara || None || Chodhri Chandrabhan Singh Kuber Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Parasia || SC || Tarachand Bawaria || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Damua || ST || Jhanaklal Thakur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Amarwara || ST || Manmohan Shah Batti || {{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}
|-
| Chaurai || None || Pdt. Ramesh Dubey || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sausar || None || Nana Bhau Mohod || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pandhurna || None || Marotrao Khawse || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Piparia || None || Arjun Paliya || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Hoshangabad || None || Madhukar Harne || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Itarsi || None || Girija Shankar Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Seoni-malwa || None || Hajarilal Raghuwanshi S/o Nanhu Singh Banapura || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Timarni || SC || Manohar Lal Hajari Lal Rathor (advocate) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Harda || None || Kamal Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Multai || None || Dr. Sunilam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Masod || None || Sukhseo Panse || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bhainsdehi || ST || Mahendra Sing Keshar Sing Chouhan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Betul || None || Shiv Prasad Rathore || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ghora Dongri || ST || Sajjan Singh Uike || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Amla || SC || Bele Sunita || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Budhni || None || Rajendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ichhawar || None || Karan Singh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ashta || SC || Raghunath Singh Malviya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sehore || None || Ramesh Saxena || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Govindpura || None || Babulal Gour || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bhopal South || None || Uma Shankar Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bhopal North || None || Arif Aqueel || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Berasia || None || Bhaktpal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sanchi || SC || Dr. Gauri Shankar Shejwar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Udaipura || None || Ram Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bareli || None || Bhagwat Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bhojpur || None || Rajesh Patel S/o Madho Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kurwai || SC || Shyamlal Panthi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Basoda || None || Hari Singh Raghuvanshi Haripur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Vidisha || None || Gurucharan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Shamshabad || None || Raghavji || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sironj || None || Laxmikant Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Biaora || None || Badrilal Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Narsingarh || None || Mohan Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sarangpur || SC || Amar Singh Kothar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rajgarh || None || Pandit Hari Charan Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khilchipur || None || Priyavrat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Shujalpur || None || Kunwar Phool Singh Mewara || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gulana || None || Giriraj Mandloi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Shajapur || None || Karada Hukum Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Agar || SC || Rekha Ratnakar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Susner || None || Phoolchand Vaidia || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Tarana Assembly constituency|Tarana]] || SC || [[Tarachand Goyal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mahidpur || None || Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khachrod || None || Dileep Singh Gurjar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Badnagar || None || Shantilal Dhabai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ghatiya || SC || Dr. Narayan Parmar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ujjain North || None || Paras Jain || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ujjain South || None || Shivnarayan Jagirdar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Depalpur || None || Manoj Nirbhay Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mhow || None || Antar Singh Darbar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Indore-i || None || Miss Usha Thakur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Indore-ii || None || Kailash Vijayvargiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Indore-iii || None || Ashwin Joshi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Indore-iv || None || Laxman Singh Gaur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Indore-v || None || Mahendra Hordiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sawer || SC || Prakash Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dewas || None || Tukoji Rao Puar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sonkatch || SC || Sajjan Singh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Hatpipliya Assembly constituency|Hatpipliya]] || None || [[Rajendrasingh Baghel]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Bagli Assembly constituency|Bagli]] || None || [[Deepak Joshi|Deepak Kailash Joshi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khategaon || None || Brij Mohan Das Dhoot || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Harsud || ST || Kunwar Vijay Shah || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nimarkhedi || None || Rajnarayan Singh Purin || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Pandhana || SC || Kishorilal Varma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khandwa || None || Hukumchand Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nepanagar || None || Archana Didi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Shahpur || None || Ravindra Suka Mahajan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Burhanpur || None || Hamid Kaji || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| Bhikangaon || ST || Dhulsingh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Barwaha || None || Hitendra Singh Dhyan Singh Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Maheshwar || SC || Bhupendra Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kasrawad || None || Subhash Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Khargone || None || Babulal Mahajan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhulkot || ST || Dalsingh Ramsingh Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sendhwa || ST || Antarsingh Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Anjad || ST || Devisingh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rajpur || ST || Diwansingh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Barwani || ST || Premsingh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Manawar || ST || Ranjana Baghel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dharampuri || ST || Jagdish Muwel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhar || None || Jaswant Singh Rathore (advocate) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Badnawar || None || Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sardarpur || ST || Mukam Singh Nigwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kukshi || ST || Jamuna Devi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Alirajpur || ST || [[Nagar Singh Chouhan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jobat || ST || Madho Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jhabua || ST || Pave Singh Pargi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Petlawad || ST || Nirmala Bhuria || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Thandla || ST || Kal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ratlam Town || None || Himmat Kothari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ratlam Rural || None || Dhul Ji Choudhari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sailana || ST || Prabhu Dayal Gehlot || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jaora || None || Dr. Rajendra Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Alot || SC || Premchand Guddu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Manasa || None || Kailash Chawala || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Garoth || None || Rajesh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Suwasara || SC || Jagdish Deora || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sitamau || None || Nanalal Patidar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mandsaur || None || Om Prakash Purohit ( Advocate ) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Neemuch || None || Dilip Singh Parihar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jawad || None || Omprakash Virendra Kumar Sakhalecha || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2003-election-results.html

{{Madhya Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2000s in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2003 State Assembly elections in India|Madhya]]

2009 India floods

2026-02-11T17:21:00Z

Natasha6581: minor changes

{{short description|Floods that affected various states of India in July 2009}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox weather event

|name=2009 India floods
}}{{Infobox weather event/History
|duration=July 2009
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
|fatalities=At least 299
|affected= [[Karnataka]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]]
|damages=
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer}}

[[File:Floods.jpg|thumb|275px|[[ODRAF]] Rescue team in action]]

The '''2009 India floods''' affected various states of India in July 2009, killing at least 36 people in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and 13 in [[Kerala]]. The most affected states were [[Karnataka]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]],<ref name="expressbuzz20jul2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Death+toll+in+Orissa+floods+rises+to+27&artid=/ihpe1ckbnU=&SectionID=mvKkT3vj5ZA=&MainSectionID=mvKkT3vj5ZA=&SectionName=nUFeEOBkuKw=&SEO=|title=Orissa Death toll in Orissa floods rises to 27|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 July 2009|accessdate=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725210658/http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Death+toll+in+Orissa+floods+rises+to+27&artid=%2Fihpe1ckbnU%3D&SectionID=mvKkT3vj5ZA%3D&MainSectionID=mvKkT3vj5ZA%3D&SectionName=nUFeEOBkuKw%3D&SEO=|archive-date=25 July 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite web|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/DEL395339.htm|title=Flash floods kill 36 in India, displace thousands |date=20 July 2009 |work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="decheorissa1">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/13850/death-toll-orissa-floods-rises.html|title=Death toll in Orissa floods rises to 15|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=15 July 2009|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="ieorissa20july2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/flash-floods-kill-36-in-orissa-displace-thousands/491692/|title=Flash floods kill 36 in Orissa, displace thousands|date= 20 July 2009 |work=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> [[Kerala]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.org/news.php?id=20495&cat=1&sub=14&subit=0|title=Rain weakens, loss put at Rs 224 crore|date=20 July 2009|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|accessdate=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726002633/http://www.mathrubhumi.org/news.php?id=20495&cat=1&sub=14&subit=0|archive-date=26 July 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-19/rajkot/28209474_1_heavy-rains-incessant-rains-lalpur|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033627/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-19/rajkot/28209474_1_heavy-rains-incessant-rains-lalpur|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=250 flood victims shifted to safety |date=19 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> and [[North-East India]]n<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/275970,monsoon-floods-displace-200000-in-north-east-india.html|title=Monsoon floods displace 200,000 in north-east India|date=3 July 2009|publisher=Earthtimes.org|accessdate=20 July 2009|archive-date=13 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913010427/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/275970,monsoon-floods-displace-200000-in-north-east-india.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> states.

Floods triggered by heavy [[monsoon]] rains killed at least 36 people in the eastern Indian state of Orissa alone and inundated half a million homes.<ref name="reuters1" /> On 13 July, seven people were killed and many others missing when a bus fell into a rivulet after being swept away by flood waters in [[Nayagarh district]] in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. Nayagarh is 87 km from the Orissa state capital, [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="theindian-nayagarh-bus14jul09">{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/seven-dead-as-bus-swept-away-by-flood-waters-in-orissa_100217550.html|title=Seven dead as bus swept away by flood waters in Orissa|date=14 July 2009|publisher=thaindian.com|accessdate=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007180553/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/seven-dead-as-bus-swept-away-by-flood-waters-in-orissa_100217550.html|archive-date=7 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The world-famous [[Sun Temple]] at [[Konark]] is also water-logged, causing hardship for tourists.<ref name="toi19july09">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-19/bhubaneswar/28178451_1_orissa-bolangir-s-n-patro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033643/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-19/bhubaneswar/28178451_1_orissa-bolangir-s-n-patro|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Torrential rain triggers second flood in Orissa|date= 19 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> The most flood affected districts in Orissa are [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=13494|title=Flood situation grim in Orissa, death toll rises to 33|date=19 July 2009|work=orissadiary.com|accessdate=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725131316/http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=13494|archive-date=25 July 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Keonjhar District|Keonjhar]], [[Koraput district|Koraput]] and [[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]].<ref name="expressbuzz20jul2009" />

Several parts of [[Kerala]] were affected with the torrential rains with losses amounting to [[crores]] of [[Indian rupee|rupees]]. At least 13 people in Kerala state are reported dead due to floods in the state.<ref name="decchrkerala13">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/latest-news/rains-claim-13-more-lives-kerala-518|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725214751/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/latest-news/rains-claim-13-more-lives-kerala-518|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=Rains claim 13 more lives in Kerala|date=19 July 2009 |work=[[The Deccan Chronicle]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> The most affected districts of Kerala are [[Kannur district|Kannur]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/18/stories/2009071854470300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618143746/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/18/stories/2009071854470300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 June 2011|title=Rain: Kannur suffers loss of Rs. 52 crore |date= 18 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]],<ref name="hinudu720-20jul09">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072058340300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725200312/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072058340300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=Heavy rain: 720 take refuge in relief camps |date=20 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/18/stories/2009071856340300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725200236/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/18/stories/2009071856340300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=No let-up in rain in district |date=18 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<ref name="hindu20july09-rain-kollam">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072052500300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725201916/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072052500300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=Rain havoc continues in Kollam |date=20 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> [[Thrissur]],<ref name="hindu20july09-monsoon-7644-trissur">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072053070300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725200306/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072053070300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=Monsoon rage: 7,644 people shifted to relief camps|date= 20 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> Malappuram, Wayanad, Kasaragod and Alappuzha districts.<ref name="Hinud20july09-rain13">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072060251400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725200317/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072060251400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2009|title=Rain death toll 13 |date=20 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> A number of relief camps are opened throughout the state.<ref name="hinudu720-20jul09" /> The Revenue Minister of Kerala state, [[K. P. Rajendran]] at [[Kozhikode]] has convened a meeting on 20 July 2009 to review the damage caused by rain. [[District Collector]]s and officials of the various departments of Kasaragod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Palakkad districts are likely attend the meeting.<ref name="hindu20july09-meeting-damage">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072051440300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604115213/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/20/stories/2009072051440300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=Meeting to review damage |date=20 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref>

Over three [[lakh]] people have been hit after incessant rains in [[Assam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/jul/03/assa-flood-sitaution-grim.htm|title=Over 3 lakh hit, Assam flood situation grim|date=3 July 2009|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref> and other north eastern states of India.

At least 10 people, including four children and two women, were killed and nine others injured on 27 July 2009 when a wall collapsed due to heavy rains in the satellite township [[Noida]] of the national capital of [[Delhi]].<ref name="hindudelhi10">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200907280376.htm|title=Heavy rains lash Delhi; 10 killed in Noida |date=28 July 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=28 July 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090830214026/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200907280376.htm| archivedate= 30 August 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>

==Losses and damage==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! State || No of deaths reported || Losses ( in [[Indian Rupee|Rupees]])
|-
| Orissa
| 36<ref name="ieorissa20july2008" /><ref name="ndtvvideo1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/videos/video_player.php?id=1136746|title=Floods in Orissa claim 36 lives|work=[[NDTV]]|accessdate=20 July 2009}}</ref>
|
|-
| Kerala
| 13<ref name="decchrkerala13" /><ref name="Hinud20july09-rain13" />
|
|-
| Delhi
| 10<ref name="hindudelhi10" />
|
|-
| Karnataka
| 178<ref name="indexpkarapmhflood">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/flood-havoc-over-1-mn-displaced-in-ktaka-ap-maharashtra/525199/|title=Rain fury claims 240 lives in 3 states, millions affected|date=5 October 2009|publisher=Indian Express|accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref>
|
|-
| Andhra
| 37<ref name="indexpkarapmhflood" />
|
|-
| Maharashtra
| 25<ref name="indexpkarapmhflood" />
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Disasters in India in 2009}}

[[Category:2009 floods in Asia|India Floods, 2009]]
[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:2009 disasters in India|India Floods, 2009]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{flood-stub}}
{{India-hist-stub}}

Vinod Gowda

2026-02-11T08:37:35Z

Natasha6581: put up a data...

{{Short description|Indian Maoist insurgent (1978–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1978
| birth_place = [[Hebri]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|11|18|1978|11|26|df=yes}}
| death_place = Karnataka, India
| death_cause = [[Gunshot wound]]
| other_names =
| organization = [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| known_for = Leader of Nadukani dalam
| spouse =
| image =
| image_size =
| criminal_charges = Left-wing extremism, Murder, Criminal Conspiracy
| criminal_status = Killed in Encounter
}}

'''Vinod Gowda''' (1978 – 18 November 2024) was an Indian [[Naxalism|Naxalite-Maoist]] commander and member of [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]. He served as the overall chief and head of leftover left-wing activities in southern India, after most of Naxalite presence was defeated.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Key Maoist leader Vikram Gowda killed in encounter near Hebri in Karnataka|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/prime-maoist-leader-vikram-gowda-killed-in-police-encounter-near-hebri/article68884424.ece|access-date=2024-11-29|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Vikram Gowda belonged to the Malekudiya tribal community Hebri taluk in Udupi district, Karnataka. He dropped out of school at class 4th and worked as a waiter in Mumbai in most of teenage life.

His parents are Venkayya Gowda and Gulabi Gowda, he was the eldest of four siblings in his family.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How does Naxalism thrive? Vikram Gowda's death and Karnataka's ongoing battle|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/news/how-does-naxalism-thrive-vikram-gowdas-death-and-karnatakas-ongoing-battle/|access-date=2024-11-27|website=South First}}</ref>

== Guerrilla life ==
He returned to his village in 1990s and actively participated in protests against the Kudremukh National park formation which will lead to many tribal families including his being evicted from their land.

He began in his Maoist career from 1998 initially as a supply courier person but quickly rose through ranks of the group. From 2003 he became the leader of the Nadukani dalam, a group of Maoists active in the forests of Kerala, Tamil nadu and Karnataka, and had a series of crimes including extortion, murder and looting.

He had 114 cases pending against him, including three murder cases and had a total bounty of ₹5,50,000 in Kerala and Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vikram Gowda: Maoist leader wanted for 22 years with over 114 cases|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/vikram-gowda-maoist-leader-wanted-for-22-years-with-over-114-cases/article68886277.ece|access-date=2024-11-29|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Death ==
He was killed in an [[Encounter killing|encounter]] with Anti-naxal squad on 18 November 2024 in Udupi district, Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gowda's death blow to Maoist movt: Experts|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gowdas-death-blow-to-maoist-movt-experts-101732215987603.html|access-date=2024-11-29|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Timeline of the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gowda, Vinod}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) politicians]]
{{Improve categories|date=January 2025}}

Shah Alam Khan

2026-02-11T07:16:12Z

Natasha6581: put up data

{{Short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nawab Shah Alam Khan
| image = Nawab Shah Alam Khan.webp
| alt = 
| caption = Picture of Nawab Shah Alam Khan
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Industrialist, Educationist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| children = Seven sons, including [[Mehboob Alam Khan]]
}}

'''Nawab Shah Alam Khan''' (1921-2017) was an Indian industrialist, educationist and cultural connoisseur from [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]. The main commercial venture he ran was the [[Hyderabad Deccan Cigarette Factory]]. He was also the chairman of the [[Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology#About the society|Sultan ul Uloom Educational Society]].

==Background and family==
Shah Alam Khan was the son of Mir Khan (also known as Nawab Zabardast Khan) and belonged to an affluent Muslim family of [[Hyderabad state]]. Born in 1921, he grew up in an environment of wealth and privilege. However, he lost his father when he was a child, and his mother died when he was a teenager. His maternal uncle played a large role in raising him after the death of his father. At a young age, while he was still a college student, Shah Alam was married to Abida Khatoon, daughter of Mohammad Abdus Sattar, a successful tradesman turned industrialist who had founded the [[Hyderabad Deccan Cigarette Factory]] in 1921. Abdus Sattar had already died, and Abida, his only child and heir, was barely into her teens when they were married. Shah Alam Khan was favored by Abida's mother because he was well-educated and hailed from a respectable Nawabi family, but had little money or immediate family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-24 |title=Courtly, courteous and gentle, Shah Alam Khan was a Nawab in the true sense of the word, say old Hyderabadis |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/courtly-courteous-and-gentle-shah-alam-khan-was-a-nawab-in-the-true-sense-of-the-word-say-old-hyderabadis/articleshow/61188892.cms |access-date=2023-10-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The match was arranged by their families in the usual Hyderabadi way, and the marriage, which lasted all their lives, was harmonious. The couple had seven children, all boys, including [[Mehboob Alam Khan]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sameer |date=2023-03-09 |title=Hyderabad: Nawab Shah Alam Khan's wife passes away at 90 years |url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-nawab-shah-alam-khans-wife-passes-away-at-90-years-2543395/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> who runs the [[Hyderabad Deccan Cigarette Factory]] and is a food connoisseur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/180316/nawab-shah-alam-khan-who-misses-the-royal-culture.html|title=Nawab who misses the royal culture|date=18 March 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

Not long after their wedding, Shah Alam Khan and Abida Khatoon had to adjust to change on a grand scale. The end of the [[British Raj]], the extinguishing of the [[State of Hyderabad]] and the [[partition of India]] changed the society in which they lived.

==Career==
Shah Alam Khan soon took charge of the cigarette factory, which had been faltering after the death of his father-in-law. Despite a challenging social situation, he nurtured the factory to unprecedented heights of success. The "Golconda" brand of cigarette was popular in India for several decades. It became a major money-spinner, and Shah Alam Khan, who was a sensible and even canny businessman despite his gentlemanly deportment, made intelligent investments in urban real estate, agricultural lands, a dairy farm and so on. Nevertheless, by the mid-1970s, the cigarette business was again faltering for several reasons. The tax regime was very unfavorable; cigarettes were now strongly discouraged by government and society alike. More importantly, multinational companies run by foreign-trained MBAs had changed the entire marketing paradigm of cigarettes and other consumer goods.

==Other interests==
Shah Alam Khan was the chairman of the [[Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology#About the society|Sultan ul Uloom Educational Society]]. He was also a member of Board of Management and Academic Senate of [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/hyderabad-royal-nawab-shah-alam-khan-passes-away/states/news/1024929.html |title=Hyderabad royal Nawab Shah Alam Khan passes away |publisher=Uniindia.com |date=2017-10-23 |accessdate=2018-06-20}}</ref> He had other interests as well. He was the founder member of Hyderabad Rose Society and was known for his intimate knowledge about cultivation of roses. He had won many awards both nationally and internationally for his rose cultivars.

==Death==
Shah Alam Khan died on 23 October 2017 aged 96. His mortal remains were laid to rest at the Masjid-e-Salima Khatoon in Himayatnagar at 5 pm the same day. He was survived by his wife, seven sons, and many grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/241017/educationist-industrialist-nawab-shah-alam-khan-no-more.html|title=Educationist & industrialist Nawab Shah Alam Khan no more|date=24 October 2017|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nawab-shah-alam-khan-no-more/article19907547.ece|title=Nawab Shah Alam Khan no more|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 October 2017|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sameer |date=2023-03-09 |title=Hyderabad: Nawab Shah Alam Khan's wife passes away at 90 years |url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-nawab-shah-alam-khans-wife-passes-away-at-90-years-2543395/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Shah Alam}}
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hyderabad, India]]

Ravi Gulati (activist)

2026-02-10T02:57:52Z

Natasha6581: starting new details...

{{distinguish|text=[[Ravi Gulati (EastEnders)|Ravi Gulati]], ([[EastEnders]] Character) }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ravi Gulati
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1969}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| alma_mater = [[IIM Ahmedabad]]
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Social activist]] & Founder of Manzil
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Ravi Gulati''' (born 1969) is an Indian social activist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/nov/05/slide-show-1-extraordinary-indians-ravi-gulati.htm|title=Extraordinary Indians: Ravi Gulati}}</ref> He gives after school tuitions to the underprivileged in [[New Delhi]].

==Early life==
Ravi Gulati is born in New Delhi to Indira, an NGO worker. He graduated with an MBA from [[IIM, Ahmedabad]].

==Career==
Ravi Gulati began his corporate career in Canada only to give up eight months later. He returned to pursue a hands-on course in Environment Education from CEE, Ahmedabad. He was then involved with Trees for Life (later HIMCON), an NGO working with rural Himalayan communities. He is a board member of Jansamarth, an NGO working in remote Himalayan villages for generating electricity through micro-hydro power plants for lighting and livelihoods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commutiny.in/youthcollective.html#yc11 |title=The Youth Collective |website=www.commutiny.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121072606/http://www.commutiny.in/youthcollective.html |archive-date=2008-11-21}}</ref>

===Manzil===
Ravi Gulati took to teaching children of drivers, barbers and maids near his home in New Delhi's [[Khan Market]]. He wanted to work in the villages but stayed back in Delhi because two poor children needed tuitions from him. While he taught them he realised what he was doing was equally important in urban India as what he would have done in rural India.

He started an NGO, Manzil, along with his mother and Dr. Geeta Chopra. The organisation has a branch at Kotla, a slum area in Delhi.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/the-unstoppable-indians/manzil-khan-market/117624 Manzil's story on NDTV as part of its Unstoppable Indians series]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://manzil.in/ Manzil]
* [http://sarvodaya.stanford.edu/2009/02/ravi-gulati-speaks-on-126.html A Blog on Ravi Gulati]
* [http://gandhiking.ning.com/profile/RaviGulati Profile]
* [https://archive.today/20110809144835/http://connect.in.com/open-learning-delhi-university/play-video-ravi-gulati-education-and-social-change-e63eacadc90d480101dc285c410c79495bec852f.html Ravi Gulati's talk - Education and Social change]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulati, Ravi}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Social workers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Activists from Delhi]]

Dhupguri subdivision

2026-02-06T15:22:09Z

Natasha6581: made info

{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| name = Dhupguri subdivision
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = File:Dhupguri (subdivision) in Jalpaiguri (West Bengal).svg
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.59|N|89.01|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| established_title = Formation
| established_date = {{start date|2024|01|19|df=yes}}
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Dhupguri]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = WB-71/WB-72
| website = {{URL|https://jalpaiguri.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Dhupguri subdivision''' is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] of [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], India.

== History ==
The subdivision was previously part of the [[Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision]]. Following the death of [[Bishnu Pada Roy]], a local [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] MLA from [[Dhupguri Assembly constituency|Dhupguri]], a by-election was held in 2023. The ruling [[Trinamool Congress]] (TMC) government promised that if they won the seat, they would establish a separate subdivision within three months. After TMC won the seat, the state assembly passed the motion to form the subdivision on 12 October 2023. The subdivision was officially established on 20 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-19 |title=Dhupguri subdivision now official |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dhupguri-subdivision-now-official/articleshow/106972239.cms |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title=Dhupguri bypoll: TMC continues comeback march in north Bengal; subdivision promise, tea garden votes the key |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/west-bengal-dhupguri-bypoll-counting-result-8930027/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Administrative units==
The subdivision will be carved out of Dhupguri town, Banarhat block, and parts of Malbazar. As a result, Jalpaiguri district will have three subdivisions, the others being [[Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision|Jalpaiguri Sadar]] and [[Malbazar subdivision|Malbazar]] subdivisions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinha |first=Avijit |title=Jalpaiguri: Dhupguri now subdivision, chief minister 'delighted' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/jalpaiguri-dhupguri-now-subdivision-chief-minister-delighted/cid/1995023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916081949/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/jalpaiguri-dhupguri-now-subdivision-chief-minister-delighted/cid/1995023 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=Telegraph India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-01-18 |title=Legal hassles over, Dhupguri is now a subdivision of Bengal: Mamata |url=https://theprint.in/india/legal-hassles-over-dhupguri-is-now-a-subdivision-of-bengal-mamata/1929776/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Jalpaiguri Subdivision Map (en).svg|thumb]]

=== Police stations ===
Police stations in the Malbazar subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-01-20 |title='Dhupguri officially attains status of subdivision', announces Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/dhupguri-officially-attains-status-of-subdivision-announces-mamata-banerjee-enn24011900276 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Police Station ||Area covered km2 ||International border ||Inter-state border km||Municipal Town || CD block
|-
|[[Dhupguri#Police station|Dhupguri]]||n/a|| - || - || - ||[[Dhupguri (community development block)|Dhupguri]]
|-
|[[Banarhat#Police station|Banarhat]]||n/a|| [[Bhutan]]|| - || - ||[[Banarhat (community development block)|Banarhat]] #[[Nagrakata (community development block)|Nagrakata]] (part)
|-
|}

==Gram Panchayats==
The subdivision contains 16 [[gram panchayat]]s under 2 [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]:<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jalpaiguri.gov.in/ | title = Jalpaiguri | work = District Profile | publisher = District administration | access-date = 10 January 2025 }}</ref>

* [[Dhupguri (community development block)]] consists of nine gram panchayats, viz. Barogharia, Gadhearkuthi, Godong I, Godong II, Jharaltagram I, Magurmari I, Magurmari II, Sakoajhora II, and Salbari II.
* [[Banarhat (community development block)]] consists of seven gram panchayats, viz. Sakoajhora-I, Salbari-I, Salbari-II, Banarhat-I, Banarhat-II, Chamurchi and Binnaguri Gram Panchayats.

== Population ==
As of the 2011 Census, total population is 4,14,854.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villages & Towns in Dhupguri Block of Jalpaiguri, West Bengal |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/2176-dhupguri-jalpaiguri-west-bengal.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Population
!Rural
!Urban
!Total
|-
|Male
|1,93,071
|17,500
|2,10,571
|-
|Female
|1,87,019
|17,264
|2,04,283
|-
|Density
|813 / km²
|1,272 / km²
|838 / km²
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Subdivisions of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Subdivisions in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Jalpaiguri district]]

Pettai, Tirunelveli

2026-01-18T09:19:32Z

Natasha6581: starting info

{{For|the rural area south of the rail line|Pettai Rural}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mohamed Nainar Pallivasal
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|08|43|18|N|77|39|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[City in Tamil Nadu|City]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tirunelveli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 54
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 627004, 627010
| area_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN72
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliamentary constituency]]
| blank_info_sec2 =
| blank1_name_sec2 = Assembly constituency
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pettai''' is an industrial suburban area in [[Tirunelveli]]. It is approximately 6 kilometers of downtown Tirunelveli along the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] line to [[Tenkasi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=PEA/Pettai Railway Station Satellite Map|publisher=India Rail Info|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pettai-pea/3915|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205152900/http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pettai-pea/3915|archivedate=5 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It is being administered by the [[Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation|Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation.]]

== History ==
Pettai actually got its name from the Vandi Pettais (godowns with cart-parking facilities). These Vandi Pettais were dealing with few agriculture commodities such as coriander, and chilli. Pettai is a populous urban area with many small-scale industries.

When the Co-operative Spinning Mill was in operation, people from across Tamil Nadu flocked here for the employment in this mill. Most of them settled here.

== Demographics ==
At the 2001 census, Pettai had 26,060 inhabitants, with 13,434 males and 12,526 females.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations - Tamil Nadu|url=http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153857/http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|archive-date=17 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>2001 Census Village Code = 1603800, {{Cite web|title=2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Tamil Nadu|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|page=288|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113195316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/DIR-33R.pdf|archivedate=13 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Pettai Industrial Estate is operated by SIDCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sidco.tn.nic.in/|title=TANSIDCO|website=www.sidco.tn.nic.in|access-date=2016-09-10|archive-date=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822025019/http://www.sidco.tn.nic.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The major products manufactured here are PVC pipes, tanks, cooking utensils, nails, mattresses, etc. TANSI is also operated inside this estate. Government ITI and MSME are also present.

Pettai Bazaar serves as a shopping hub for the nearby villages.
==Cityscape==
=== Cuisine ===
Pettai is famous for evening snacks such as Vadai and Murukku. They are famous because they are fried in the oils produced at traditional oil mills here. Chekkadi had many chekku (traditional oil mills). It is also famous for Parotta stalls. Earlier only Pettai hotels served parottas during lunch along with rice.

=== Famous Person ===
[[Quaid-e-Millat Muhammad Ismail|Quide Millath]]. On his remembrance, the government hospital in has been renamed. The Cheranmahadevi road flows within Pettai is also named after him as Quaid e Millath Road.

== Educational Institutions ==
Though Pettai is situated near the Oxford of South India (Palayamkottai), it also has established educational institutions.
* Government ITI<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nellai.tn.nic.in/gov_iti/GovernmentITI.htm|title=GOVERNMENT INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INSTITUTE - PETTAI TIRUNELVELI|last=GOVTITI|website=www.nellai.tn.nic.in|access-date=2016-09-10|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163733/http://www.nellai.tn.nic.in/gov_iti/GovernmentITI.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Kamarajar Higher Secondary School
* MDT Hindu College<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mdthinducollege.org|title=MDT Hindu College Tirunelveli Tamilnadu India.|website=www.mdthinducollege.org|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref>
* Rani Anna Girls' School
* St. Antony's High School

Apart from this, there are number of private schools serving for the Pettai Public.
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirunelveli district]]

2018 Indian dust storms

2026-01-06T01:35:34Z

Natasha6581: updated page

{{short description|Lethal weather phenomenon in India, May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox event|title=2018 Indian dust storms|image=File:North India dust vir 2018165.jpg|image_size=250px|image_upright=|image_alt=|caption=Dust storms over North India|native_name=|native_name_lang=|time=|duration=|date=2–3 May 2018|location=[[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]]|coordinates=|also_known_as=|type=Severe [[gust front]]|cause=|target=|participants=|outcome=|reported deaths=125+|reported injuries=200+<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/03/asia/india-dust-storms-intl/index.html | title = More than 110 killed by high-intensity dust storms in India | first1 = Swati | last1 = Gupta | first2= Ben | last2= Westcott | date = 3 May 2018 | accessdate = 3 May 2018 | work =CNN}}</ref>|reported missing=|reported property damage=|burial=|inquiries=|inquest=|coroner=|publication_bans=|litigation=|blank_label=|blank1_label=|blank2_label=|notes=}}

From 2 to 3 May 2018, high-velocity [[dust storm]]s swept across parts of [[North India]]. 125 people died and over 200 were injured.

In [[Uttar Pradesh]], 43 died in the city of [[Agra]] and about 30 died elsewhere in the state. In neighboring [[Rajasthan]], about 35 people died and over 200 were injured after winds downed more than 8,000 electricity poles and uprooted hundreds of trees. Storms are not uncommon in the region; however, because these storms occurred at night and with greater wind speeds than average (~100 mph), the death toll was higher than usual.

==Background==
Dust storms are a feature of India's seasonal weather patterns.<ref name=Nat_Geo /> The storms typically occur in the summer months, when the weather has been dry to allow dust to be picked up by passing winds. The death toll in such storms rarely exceeds 12; a previous storm hit India on 11 April 2018, killing 19 people<ref name=Nat_Geo /><ref name="bbc">{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43987209 | title= India dust storms: Nearly 100 killed in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan | work = [[BBC]] |date =3 May 2018 | accessdate = 3 May 2018 }}</ref>

==Dust Storm and its Damage==
[[File:North Indian duststroms(satellite image).jpg|thumb|This is satellite image of india on dates of (a) 28 April, (b) 3 May and (c) 13 May]]<ref>https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602001013/https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/ |date=2 June 2022 }}</ref> The dust storm occurred at the start of India's [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon]] season.<ref name="CNN">{{cite web | url = https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/03/asia/india-dust-storms-intl/index.html | title = More than 110 killed by high-intensity dust storms in India | first1 = Swati | last1 = Gupta | first2= Ben | last2= Westcott | date = 3 May 2018 | accessdate = 3 May 2018 | work = [[CNN]] }}</ref> In the days prior, region meteorologists had forecast thunderstorms and high winds to occur over that week. Contributing to the storm was a period of abnormally high temperatures for the region, which increased the intensity of the weather system.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/world/asia/india-dust-storm.html | title = Devastating Dust Storm Strikes India, Killing at Least 94 | first1 = Suhasini | last1 = Raj | first2=Kai | last2 = Schultz | date = 3 May 2018 | accessdate = 3 May 2018 | work = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref>

The dust storm first started late on 2 May 2018, predominantly hitting the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/|title=AGU Publications – Wiley Online Library|website=AGU Journals}}</ref> and [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="bbc"/> At least 73 people were killed in Uttar Pradesh, with 43 of those in the city of [[Agra]];<ref name="CNN"/> 21 people have been reported killed in [[Kheragarh]], a town around 50 km south-west of the city.<ref name="bbc"/> At least 35 people were killed in Rajasthan,<ref name="CNN"/> with the [[Alwar district|Alwar]] district being the worst hit; the [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] and [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]] districts were also affected.<ref name="bbc"/> Four people died in the state of [[Uttarakhand]],<ref name="CNN"/> and [[Delhi]] was also affected.<ref name="bbc"/> More than 200 people were injured by the storm.<ref name="CNN"/>

Officials stated that the storm was more devastating than prior dust storms as the stronger weather system carried more debris which caused more damage to homes and buildings, and because it struck at night, most were asleep and were unable to take precautions, leaving many killed or injured by falling structures.<ref name="bbc"/> Most damage and fatalities were associated with high winds, rather than dust.<ref name=Nat_Geo>{{cite journal |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/india-dust-storm-wind-fatalities-science-spd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504151543/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/india-dust-storm-wind-fatalities-science-spd/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2018 |title=Why This Dust Storm in India Turned Deadly |author=Sarah Gibbens |journal=National Geographic |date=3 May 2018 |accessdate=4 May 2018}}</ref> In Rajasthan, electricity supplies were interrupted by 200–300 downed pylons, and schools were closed in the Alwar district.<ref name="bbc"/>

Because conditions were still prime for more severe weather, the Uttar Pradesh government continued to plan to alert its citizens to weather conditions for the following 48 hours.<ref name="CNN"/>

==Aftermath==
The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] has announced compensation for the relatives of those killed amounting to {{INRConvert|4|l|lk=on}}.<ref name="bbc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Disasters in India in 2018}}

[[Category:2018 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2018 natural disasters]]
[[Category:Meteorological events in 2018]]
[[Category:Dust storms]]
[[Category:May 2018 in India]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Disasters in Rajasthan]]

Delivery Boy (film)

2025-12-31T17:05:27Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Mohsin Khan}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Delivery Boy
| image = Delevery Boy.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Mohsin Khan
| writer = Ram Khatmode Vinod Vanve
| producer = David Nadar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Prathamesh Parab]]
*[[Prithvik Pratap]]
*Ankita Landepatil
*Ganesh Yadav
}}
| cinematography = Tanveer Reyaz Syed
Ravi k yadav
| editing = Deven Murdeshwar
| music = Chinar–Mahesh L. K. Lakshmikant
| studio = Lucia Entertainment
| distributor = [[Cinépolis]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|09|[[Maharashtra]]}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Delivery Boy''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] film directed by Mohsin Khan and produced by Lucia Entertainment. The film stars [[Prathamesh Parab]], [[Prithvik Pratap]], Ankita Landepatil, Ganesh Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-13 |title=First Song, Bhau Cha Naad, From Prathamesh Parab-starrer Delivery Boy Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/first-song-bhau-cha-naad-from-prathamesh-parab-starrer-delivery-boy-out-8738386.html |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Delivery Boy : एंटरटेनमेंटची डिलिव्हरी करायला येतोय 'डिलिव्हरी बॉय'! प्रथमेश परब मुख्य भूमिकेत; पोस्टर आऊट |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/delivery-boy-marathi-movie-poster-out-prathamesh-parab-in-lead-role-first-poster-out-film-entertainment-latest-update-1243602/amp |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[ABP Majha]]}}</ref>

The film was theatrically released on 9 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Delivery Boy': Prathamesh Parab starrer is all set to hit screens on February 9, 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/delivery-boy-prathamesh-parab-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-february-9-2024/articleshow/106269031.cms |access-date=2024-05-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was dubbed in Hindi titled ''Mamta Child Factory'' and was released digitally on 10 December 2025 on Ultra OTT.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mamta Child Factory skips theatrical release, to stream THIS platform |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/mamta-child-factory-skips-theatrical-release-to-stream-this-platform-23607027 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-18 |title=Mohsin Khan’s Mamta Child Factory Stalled as CBFC Withholds Clearance Over Surrogacy Theme |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mohsin-khans-mamta-child-factory-stalled-as-cbfc-withholds-clearance-over-surrogacy-theme-1904527 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-30 |title=CBFC issues show-cause notice to Mamta Child Factory, director Mohsin Khan reacts |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/cbfc-issues-show-cause-notice-to-mamta-child-factory-mohsin-khan-reacts-23600835 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A young doctor Amrita Deshmukh comes to Digya to look at a bungalow for a hospital. Digya shows her the bungalow. Amrita starts a Mamta fertility center in a bungalow with the idea of giving the joy of motherhood to women who cannot experience motherhood. Digya prepares women for surrogacy in return for a commission. While doing this work, he gradually realizes that he is also doing a kind of social work, but there are some obstacles.

== Cast ==

* [[Prathamesh Parab]] as Digambar "Digyabhau" Kantode
* [[Prithvik Pratap]] as Chochya
* Ankita Landepatil as Dr. Amrita Deshmukh
* Ganesh Yadav as MLA Sanjay Bhosle
* Shreya Kulkarni as Shalan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=‘DELIVERY BOY’ (MARATHI) REVIEW |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/delivery-boy-marathi-review/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[Komal Nahta|Film Information]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Kalpeshraj Kubal of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' rated 2.5 stars out of 5 stars compared it unfavorably to ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S]]'', suggesting that it falls short in delivering its intended message due to superficial storytelling as well as criticized screenplay is for not fully exploring the potential of the story, leading to a lack of impact on the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कसा आहे प्रथमेश आणि पृथ्वीकचा 'डिलिव्हरी बॉय' |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/delivery-boy/moviereview/107561268.cms |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Sakal]]'' is acknowledge the film's effort to address a sensitive social issue but feel it fell short in some areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-11 |title=Delivery Boy Movie : नाजूक विषयावर बेतलेली कथा : डिलिव्हरी बॉय |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/story-about-a-delicate-subject-delivery-boy-marathi-movie-surrogacy-mother-entertainment-pjp78 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref> Sanjay Ghaware of ''[[Lokmat]]'' awarded 2.5 stars out of 5 observed that while the plot lacks innovation and suffers from long scenes interrupting the flow, the acting, lyrics, cinematography, and dialogues are commendable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghaware |first=Sanjay |date=2024-02-09 |title=Delivery Boy Movie Review :आईपण भारी देवा!, कसा आहे प्रथमेश परब आणि पृथ्वीक प्रतापचा सिनेमा 'डिलिव्हरी बॅाय' |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/delivery-boy-movie-review-aipan-bhari-deva-how-is-prathamesh-parab-and-prithvik-prataps-movie-delivery-boy-a-a838-c603/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|id=30486891}}
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy drama films]]
[[Category:Films about real estate holdout]]
[[Category:Films about surrogacy]]
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]

Eloor Lending Library Ernakulam

2025-12-29T05:20:13Z

Natasha6581: made a stub

{{short description|Indian chain of privately owned public libraries}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox library
| library_name = Eloor Lending Library Ernakulam
| library_logo =
| image =
| caption =
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]]
| type = Privately owned public library
| established = 1979
| num_branches = 5
| items_collected = [[book]]s, [[Academic journal|journals]], [[newspaper]]s, [[magazine]]s, [[map]]s, [[Printmaking|prints]]
| collection_size =
| legal_deposit =
| website = http://www.eloorlibraries.in/
| req_to_access = Membership required
}}

'''Eloor Lending Library''' is a chain of privately owned public libraries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikitrend.org/india-innovative-public-libraries-are-thriving|title = Trends | in India, innovative public libraries are thriving | WikiTrends}}</ref> The first branch was established in 1979 by P Luiz John on Press Club Road, Kochi. Apart from the original location, there are two other active branches in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Aparna |date=2024-03-16 |title=Thiruvananthapuram: Will this good-old library turn a new page, regain lost charm? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2024/Mar/16/thiruvananthapuram-will-this-good-old-library-turn-a-new-page-regain-lost-charm |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Fathima Abdul |date=2023-04-11 |title=Eloor Libraries: Inside A Kochi Mainstay That Stays True To Its Old-World Essence |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/eloor-libraries-inside-a-kochi-mainstay-that-stays-true-to-its-old-world-essence |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref>

This library is different from other conventional [[Lending library|lending libraries]], as they charge 10% of the cost of book as reading fee from members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eloorlibraries.in/membership.html|title = Eloor Libraries : For Love of Good Books!}}</ref>

==Branches==

* [[Trivandrum]] (1986)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eloorlibraries.in/history.html|title = Eloor Libraries : For Love of Good Books!}}</ref>
* [[Bangalore]] (1988)

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Public libraries in India]]
[[Category:Libraries in Ernakulam]]
[[Category:Libraries established in 1979]]

Ankith Koyya

2025-12-24T07:01:23Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

{{family name hatnote|Koyya|lang=Telugu}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Ankith Koyya
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|06|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| nationality =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management]] ([[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]])
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2016{{ndash}}present
}}

'''Ankith Koyya''' (born 20 June 1995) is an Indian actor who appears in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-09-18 |title=With 'Aay' and 'Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam', Ankith Koyya secures his place in the sun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/with-aay-and-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-ankith-koyya-secures-his-place-in-the-sun/article68654954.ece |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003151522/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/with-aay-and-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-ankith-koyya-secures-his-place-in-the-sun/article68654954.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He has first appeared in the short film ''Yedhane Vadili Vellipomake'' (2016), for which he won [[SIIMA Short Film Awards|SIIMA Short Film Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Nivedita |date=2017-06-13 |title=Vizag boy wins best supporting actor for short film in Siima |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-boy-wins-best-supporting-actor-for-short-film-in-siima/article18970217.ece |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918191356/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-boy-wins-best-supporting-actor-for-short-film-in-siima/article18970217.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> His debuted into feature films by playing a supporting role in the sports drama ''[[Majili]]'' (2019) and extended to adult role in ''[[Johaar]]'' (2020). His first [[Streaming television|streaming television show]] was ''[[9 Hours]]'' (2022). His major breakthrough films were ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]'' and ''[[Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam]]'' (both 2024), in which his performance was appreciated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=Nitika |date=2024-10-10 |title=Minding your mind |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2024/Oct/10/minding-your-mind |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ankith was born on 20 June 1995 in [[Visakhapatnam]], India. He studied till [[Tenth grade|Tenth Class]] at [[Timpany School]] and completed [[Intermediate education]] at [[Narayana Group of Educational Institutions|Narayana Junior College]]. He then pursued [[Bachelor of Technology]] in [[Computer science and engineering]] from [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-08-22 |title=Ankith Koyya is all in excitement for his next 'Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ankith-koyya-is-all-in-excitement-for-his-next-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Telangana Today |language=en |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910002117/https://telanganatoday.com/ankith-koyya-is-all-in-excitement-for-his-next-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Ankith was an active participant in street plays, pantomimes, and many other cultural programs in school and college. He was interested in acting and tried his hand at opportunities while studying B.Tech. He has first appeared in a [[Television advertisement|commercial advertisement]] of [[OLX]] alongside [[Allu Arjun]], in April 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2024-08-18 |title=Ankith Koyya: 'నేను అల్లు ఫ్యామిలీలో పుట్టా, అల్లు అర్జున్ మా అన్నయ్య'.. హీరో అంకిత్ కొయ్య ఇంటర్వ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/hero-ankith-koyya-interview-for-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-movie-657963.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN |archive-date=18 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818120919/https://ntvtelugu.com/news/hero-ankith-koyya-interview-for-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-movie-657963.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He then worked in the short film ''Yedhane Vadili Vellipomake'' (2016), before his feature film debut in ''[[Majili]]'' (2019). ''[[Johaar]]'' (2020) is his first film in which he played the lead role.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-13 |title=Director Krish all praise for Teja Marni's debut film Johaar actor Ankith Koyya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-krish-all-praise-for-teja-marnis-debut-film-johaar-actor-ankith-koyya/articleshow/77503221.cms |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201224623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-krish-all-praise-for-teja-marnis-debut-film-johaar-actor-ankith-koyya/articleshow/77503221.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], it had a direct-to-video release on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]. He next appeared in an important supporting role in ''[[Thimmarusu]]'' (2021).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=H |first=Murali Krishna C. |date=2021-07-31 |title='Thimmarusu' review: A convoluted thriller weighed down by inconsistent narration |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/Jul/31/thimmarusu-review-a-convoluted-thriller-weighed-down-by-inconsistent-narration-2337892.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He had three major releases in 2024 {{Ndash}} [[Satyabhama (2024 film)|''Satyabhama'']], [[Aay (film)|''Aay'']] and ''[[Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam]]'', in which the latter two were his breakthrough films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Movie Aay Review: Narne Nithiin, Ankith Koyya Deliver A Performance Worth Watching |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-movie-aay-review-narne-nithiin-ankith-koyya-deliver-a-performance-worth-watching-9017671.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918190107/https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-movie-aay-review-narne-nithiin-ankith-koyya-deliver-a-performance-worth-watching-9017671.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-08-24 |title='Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam' movie review: A relentless, roller coaster comic ride |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Aug/24/maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-movie-review-a-relentless-roller-coaster-comic-ride |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829014344/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Aug/24/maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-movie-review-a-relentless-roller-coaster-comic-ride |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2016
|''Yedhane Vadili Vellipomake''
|Ankith
|Short film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Majili]]''
|Masthan
|Feature film debut
|-
|''Ala''
|Snehith
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Aswathama (film)|Aswathama]]''
|Manoj Kumar
|Child Artist
|-
|''[[Johaar]]''
|Siddhu
|Debut in adult role<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2020-08-14 |title='Johaar' review: A commendable attempt by debut director Teja Marni |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/johaar-review-a-commendable-attempt-by-debut-director-teja-marni/article32351403.ece |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618004751/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/johaar-review-a-commendable-attempt-by-debut-director-teja-marni/article32351403.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''[[Thimmarusu]]''
|Vasu Gopisetty
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''Ooriki Uttharana''
|
|
|-
|''[[Shyam Singha Roy]]''
|Bunny
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Jilebi (2023 film)|Jilebi]]''
|Bobby
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''[[Satyabhama (2024 film)|Satyabhama]]''
|Rishi Reddy
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2024-04-23 |title=Kajal Aggarwal's suspense thriller 'Satyabhama' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kajal-aggarwals-suspense-thriller-satyabhama-gets-a-release-date/article68097159.ece |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501063308/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kajal-aggarwals-suspense-thriller-satyabhama-gets-a-release-date/article68097159.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Aay (film)|''Aay'']]
|Hari
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-05-08 |title=Aay makers release character teaser for Ankith Koyya |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/May/08/aay-makers-release-character-teaser-for-ankith-koyya |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam]]''
|Arjun
|Debut in lead role<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-08-18 |title=Ankith Koyya Plays Allu Aravind's Son and Allu Arjun's Brother in Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/ankith-koyya-plays-allu-aravinds-son-and-allu-arjuns-brother-in-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-900463 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921222853/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/ankith-koyya-plays-allu-aravinds-son-and-allu-arjuns-brother-in-maruthi-nagar-subramanyam-900463 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bachchala Malli]]''
|Bachchala Ramana
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[14 Days Girlfriend Intlo]]''
|Harsha
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-12-10 |title=14 Days (Girlfriend Intlo) sneak peek: Ankith Koyya plays a locked-up lover boy in the upcoming comedy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Dec/10/14-days-girlfriend-intlo-sneak-peek-ankith-koyya-plays-a-locked-up-lover-boy-in-the-upcoming-comedy |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Beauty (2025 film)|Beauty]]''
|Arjun
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-02-15 |title=Beauty teaser: Two young lovers meet under unlikely circumstances in the upcoming youthful romance |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Feb/15/beauty-teaser-two-young-lovers-meet-under-unlikely-circumstances-in-the-upcoming-youthful-romance |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{TableTBA}}
|{{pending film|Simple Santosh}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-02-27 |title=ETV Win releases their 2025 slate |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Feb/27/etv-win-releases-their-2025-slate |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|Jaan Say}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|Delayed<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-21 |title=Debutant Director Kiran Kumar comes up with a crime thriller 'Jaan Say' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/debutant-director-kiran-kumar-comes-up-with-a-crime-thriller-jaan-say/articleshow/95654715.cms |access-date=2024-12-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207055222/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/debutant-director-kiran-kumar-comes-up-with-a-crime-thriller-jaan-say/articleshow/95654715.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[9 Hours]]''
|Nandakumar
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|-
|''[[Modern Love Hyderabad]]''
|Aadi
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|Episode 6; [[Cameo appearance]]
|-
|2023
|''Good Old Days''
|Santosh
|[[JioCinema]]
|
|-
|2025
|''Katha Sudha''
| Sundara Ramayya Panthulu alias Sundaram
|[[ETV Win]]
|under segment "Sundaram Gadi Prema Katha"
|-
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!'''Performers'''
!Notes
|-
|2024
|"Chilaka"
|[[Vijai Bulganin]], Lakshmi Meghana, Suresh Banisetti
|Co-featuring Deepthi Sunaina
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" |[[SIIMA Short Film Awards]]
| rowspan="1" |[[1st SIIMA Short Film Awards|2017]]
| Best Supporting Actor {{Ndash}} Telugu
| ''Yedhane Vadili Vellipomake''
| {{won}}
| <ref name=":1" />
|-
!scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|2021]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu|Best Male Debut – Telugu]]
|''[[Johaar]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |date=30 August 2021 |title=SIIMA Nominations: Here Is The Complete List Of Nominations For 2019 And 2020 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siima-nominations-here-is-the-complete-list-of-nominations-for-2019-and-2020-704128 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213244/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siima-nominations-here-is-the-complete-list-of-nominations-for-2019-and-2020-704128 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |access-date=19 September 2021 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=11765433}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Koyya Ankith}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election

2025-12-21T11:22:33Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|State Assembly election in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{More citations|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2007 Gujarat Legislative assembly election
| country = India
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = No
| previous_election = 2002 Gujarat legislative assembly election
| previous_year = 2002
| election_date = 11 and 16 December 2007
| next_election = 2012 Gujarat legislative assembly election
| next_year = 2012
| seats_for_election = 182 seats in the [[Legislative Assembly of Gujarat]]
| majority_seats = 92
| turnout = 59.77% ({{decrease}} 1.77%)
| image_size = 120px

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Narendra Modi Official.png|bSize=120|cWidth=90|cHeight=80|oLeft=23|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| leader_since1 = 2001
| leaders_seat1 = [[Maninagar]]
| last_election1 = 127
| seats_before1 =
| seats_needed1 =
| seats1 =
| seats_after1 = 117
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 10
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 = 49.12%
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 0.63%

| image2 = Dinsha J. Patel addressing at the inauguration of the 53rd Meeting of the Central Geological Programming Board & Exhibition on the theme of Marine & Coastal Studies and IGC-2020 activities of GSI, in New Delhi.jpg
| leader2 = [[Dinsha Patel]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = United Progressive Alliance
| leader_since2 =
| leaders_seat2 = Maninagar (lost)
| last_election2 = 51
| seats_before2 =
| seats_needed2 =
| seats2 =
| seats_after2 = 59
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 8
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 = 38.00%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 1.28%

| map_image = India Gujarat Legislative Assembly 2007.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_alt = India Gujarat Legislative Assembly 2007
| map_caption = Structure of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] after the election
| title = [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Chief Minister]] after election
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
Gujarat's twelfth legislative election was held in 2007. In this election, the BJP led by Narendra Modi won 117 seats out of 182 (ten seats fewer than in 2002). Congress improved its performance and won 59 seats (eight more than last election). Modi fought elections in Maninagar and won with a major majority.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Election results, 2007, Gujarat |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3839-gujarat-2007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515061253/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3839-gujarat-2007/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=Modi effect or Moditva|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/223080750800200202?journalCode=hsaa|doi=10.1177/223080750800200202|s2cid=155370528|url-access=subscription}}</ref> NCP won three seats, JDU won only one seat and independent candidates won only two seats. This was a turning point of Modi in politics.

== Campaigns ==

=== Bhartiya Janta Party ===
'''BJP Manifesto''':<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP 2007 Manifesto (Gujarati) |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/GE-gujarat-bjp-election-manifesto-of-2007-4098137-NOR.html |website=divyabhaskar.co.in}}</ref>

Election manifesto was released by Gujarat BJP in the year 2007. The main points of which are as follows:
* A poverty-free Gujarat was promised, according to which there will be no poor in Gujarat. This is not a concept but actual planning.
* Gujarat's domestic production will be doubled, blueprint prepared.
* Annual per capita income in Gujarat is Rs. 80,000 determined to carry on.
* BJP will prioritize honesty and transparency in governance and administration of Gujarat.
* Gujarat's power generation will be doubled in five years. The production will be increased to twenty thousand MW.
* In the next five years, not a single house in Gujarat will be left without electricity connection.
* Gujarat will achieve the best position in financial and technical matters in the near future.
* Irrigation capacity will be increased by one and a half times.
* Giving huge relief in irrigation rates to farmers, determined to make them rich.
* BJP will give priority to increase the coverage of education and make the level of education international standards.
* Determination to make Gujarat the center of the world in the field of science and technology.
* Determination to make Gujarat the number one best state in the country on the occasion of Gujarat's Golden Jubilee in the year 2010.
* Houses will be provided to the homeless poor in urban and rural areas.
* Dropout ratio in primary education will be taken to zero percent.
* All houses will be provided with clean drinking water through taps.
* Comprehensive insurance cover for the poor.
* Perennial roads to all villages.
* Healthy, clean and serene Gujarat.
* Developmental use of youth power.
* People of all castes, religions.
* Department of Floriculture will be constituted.
* Relief of up to fifty percent in irrigation rates to small and marginal farmers.
* Goal of 100 percent enrollment in primary education.
* Comprehensive insurance cover for the poor.
* For the development of youth power in Gujarat Rs. A revolving fund of one thousand crores will be created.
* Special care will be taken for elders and children of the state.
* Many special schemes will be implemented for the overall development of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Urban Poor, Sagarkhedu, Growing Castes during five years.
* Commitment to grow industries.
* BJP will continue to work to accelerate Gujarat's progress towards green revolution.
* Care will be taken to ensure that farmers get value addition on farm produce.
* Emphasis will be placed on women empowerment.
* The development of organized and unorganized sector workers will be achieved, Gujarat can be developed only through their development. An independent commission will be constituted to formulate a comprehensive plan for workforce development.
* Determination was expressed to provide security and safety to the people of Gujarat. Terrorism and anti-social activities will be banned.
* An important target for the overall development of Gujarat, a growth rate of 12 percent per annum will be achieved in the next five years.

=== Indian National Congress ===

==Results==
{{election results
|image=[[File:India Gujarat Legislative Assembly 2007.svg|frameless]]
|party1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes1=10739972|seats1=117
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=8309449 |seats2=59
|party3=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes3=230517|seats3=3
|party4=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|seats4=1|votes4=144062
|party5=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes5=572540
|party6=Bharatiya Jan Shakti|votes6=139955
|party7=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes7=51933
|party8=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes8=33440
|party9=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes9=32567
|party10=[[Lok Janshakti Party]]|votes10=25084
|party11=Aadivasi Sena Party|votes11=15881
|party12=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes12=15861
|party13=[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]|votes13=12534
|party14=[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]] |votes14=11220
|party15=[[Indian Justice Party]]|votes15=10097
|party16=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Ballabh Vyas)|votes16=9678
|party17=Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal|votes17=9149
|party18=[[Loktantrik Samajwadi Party]]|votes18=8718
|party19=Bharatiya Jankranti Party|votes19=7942
|party20=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes20=5742
|party21=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes21=5376
|party22=[[Peoples Republican Party]]|votes22=3941
|party23=[[National Secular Party]]|votes23=3739
|party24=Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)|votes24=3094
|party25=Janmangal Paksh|votes25=2273
|party26=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes26=2221
|party27=Vishva Hindustani Sangathan|votes27=1688
|party28=Gujarat Yuva Vikas Party|votes28=1645
|party29=Gondvana Gantantra Party|votes29=1590
|party30=Sardar Patel Congress Party|votes30=1509
|party31=Rashtriya Sindhi Congress|votes31=1410
|party32=New Socialist Movement Party|votes32=1330
|party33=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes33=1214
|party34=[[National Loktantrik Party]]|votes34=1071
|party35=Rashtriya Komi Ekta Party|votes35=906
|party36=Adarsh Political Party|votes36=833
|party37=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes37=726
|party38=Lokpriya Samaj Party|votes38=680
|party39=[[Lok Paritran]]|votes39=267
|party40=[[Independent politician|Independent]] |votes40=1444605|seats40=2
|electorate= 36593090
|source=<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 Vidhansabha Party-wise performance of Gujarat |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/party/detail/29/190|website=India Votes}}</ref>
}}

===Results by constituency===
The list of the members of the Gujarat Vidhan Sabha are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/emembers12.htm |title=Members of 12th Assembly |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226045131/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/emembers12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Constituency
!Winner
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|1
|[[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]
|[[Jayantilal Parshottam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|45
|[[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]
|[[Dileepbhai Sanghani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|133
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]
|Patel Jyotsnaben Rajubhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|5
|[[Anjar, India|Anjar]]
|Dr. Smt. Nimabahen Bhaveshbhai Acharya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|157
|[[Ankleshwar]]
|Ishwarsinh Thakorebhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|72
|[[Asarva]]
|Pradeepsinh Bhagvatsinh Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|43
|[[Babra, Gujarat|Babra]]
|Bavkubhai Nathabhai Undhad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|124
|[[Balasinor]]
|Mansinh Kohyabhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|166
|[[Bardoli]]
|Kunvarjibhai Narsinhbhai Halpati
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|61
|[[Bavla]]
|[[Kanti Lakum]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|109
|[[Bayad]]
|Udesinh Punjaji Zala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|139
|[[Bhadran, Gujarat|Bhadran]]
|Rajendrasinh Dhirsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|29
|[[Bhanwad]]
|[[Mulu Ayar Bera]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|156
|[[Bharuch]]
|Dushyantbhai Rajnikant Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|57
|Bhavnagar City(North)
|[[Vibhavari Dave]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|58
|Bhavnagar City(South)
|[[Shaktisinh Gohil]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|105
|[[Bhiloda]]
|[[Anilbhai Jaljibhai Joshiyara]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|3
|[[Bhuj]]
|[[Vasanbhai Ahir]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|138
|[[Borsad]]
|[[Amit Ajitsinh Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|49
|[[Botad]]
|[[Saurabh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|132
|[[Chaklasi]]
|[[Shankarbhai Desaibhai Vaghela]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|92
|[[Chanasma]]
|[[Rajnikant Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|176
|[[Chikhli, Gujarat|Chikhli]]
|[[Nareshbhai Maganbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|172
|[[Choryasi]]
|[[Narottambhai Trikamdas Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|141
|[[Chotaudepur]]
|[[Gulsinhbhai Rangalabhai Rathwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|10
|[[Chotila]]
|[[Jinjaiya Popatbhai Savsibhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|145
|Dabhoi
|Sidhdharth Chimanbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|114
|Dahod
|Vajesinghbhai Parsingbhai Panada
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|177
|Dangs-Vansada
|[[Vijaybhai Patel|Vijaybhai Rameshbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|102
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]]
|Gadhavi Mukeshkumar Bheravdanji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|69
|Dariyapur-Kazipur
|Bharatkumar Chimanlal Barot
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|7
|Dasada
|Shambhuprasad Baldevdasji Tundiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|65
|Daskroi
|Babubhai Jamanadas Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|159
|Dediyapada
|Amarsinh Ramsinh Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|98
|Deesa
|Liladharbhai Khodaji Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|66
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]
|[[Jagdish Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|96
|Deoder
|[[Anil Mali]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|116
|Devgadhbaria
|Tusharsinh Kanaksinh Maharaol
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|59
|Dhandhuka
|Ranchhodbhai Karshanbhai Mer
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|99
|Dhanera
|Mafatlal Motiram Purohit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|46
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]
|[[Mansukh Bhuva]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|179
|Dharmpur
|Chhanabhai Kolubhai Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|60
|Dholka
|Kanjibhai Rayabhai Talpada
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|22
|Dhoraji
|Jayeshbhai Viththalbhai Radadia
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|12
|Dhrangadhra
|Harilal Mohanlal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|31
|Dwarka
|Pabubha Virambha Manek
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|50
|Gadhda
|Atmaram Makanbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|68
|Ellisbridge
|Rakesh Jashvantlal Shah
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|175
|Gandevi
|Laxmanbhai Parsottambhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|79
|Gandhinagar
|Shambhuji Chelaji Thakore
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|56
|Ghogha
|Parsottambhai Odhavjibhai Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|120
|Godhra
|Chandrasinji Kanaksinhji Raolji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|20
|Gondal
|Chandubhai Bachubhai Vaghasia
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|118
|Halol
|Jaydrathsinhji Chandrasinhji Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|11
|Halvad
|Devjibhai Govindbhai Fatepara
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|106
|Himmatnagar
|Praful Khodbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|104
|Idar
|Ramanlal Ishwarlal Vora
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|173
|Jalalpor
|Rameshbhai Chhotubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|76
|[[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur]]
|[[Sabirbhai Kabliwala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|154
|Jambusar
|Kirankumar Laxmanbhai Makwana
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|28
|Jamjodhpur
|Brijrajsinhji Hemantsinhji Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|30
|[[Khambhaliya]]
|[[Megh Kanzariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|25
|Jamnagar
|Vasubahen Narendrabhai Trivedi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|26
|Jamnagar(Rural)
|Lalji Premji Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|16
|Jasdan
|Bharatbhai Khodabhai Boghara
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|21
|Jetpur
|[[Jashuben Korat|Jashubahen Savjibhai Korat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|142
|Jetpur-Pavi
|Mohansinh Chhotubhai Rathwa
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|158
|[[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadia]]
| [[Chhotubhai Vasava]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}

|-
|24
|Jodia
|Raghavji Hansrajbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|82
|Jotana
|[[Jashoda Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|42
|[[Junagadh]]
|Mahendra Liladhar Mashru
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|81
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]]
|[[Nitinbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|27
|Kalawad
|Ranchhodbhai Chanabhai Faldu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|80
|Kalol
|Sureshkumar Chaturdas Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|119
|Kalol(Panchmahal)
|Arvindsinh Damsinh Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|71
|Kalupur
|Mohammadfarooq Hussainmiyan Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|167
|Kamrej
|Bharatibahen Amrutbhai Rathod
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|97
|[[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]
|[[Babubhai Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|125
|Kapadvanj
|Manibhai Devjibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|153
|Karjan
|Chandubhai Motibhai Dabhi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|128
|Kathlal
|Zala Gautambhai Jesangbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|36
|[[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]
|[[Vandna Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|75
|Khadia
|[[Ashok Bhatt]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|140
|Khambhat
|Shirishkumar Madhusudan Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|103
|[[Khedbrahma]]
|Ashwinbhai Laxmanbhai Kotwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|87
|[[Kheralu]]
|Bharatsinhji Shankarji Dabhi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|47
|Kodinar
|Solanki Dinubhai Boghabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|33
|[[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]
|[[Bharat Khorani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|44
|[[Lathi, Gujarat|Lathi]]
|Hanubhai Virjibhai Dhorajiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|9
|Limdi
|Kiritsinh Jitubha Rana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|113
|Limdi(Dahod)
|Bachubhai Nathabhai Kishori
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|115
|Limkheda
|Chandrikabahen Chhaganbhai Bariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|122
|Lunavada
|Hirabhai Haribhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|129
|Mahemdavad
|Sundarsinh Bhalabhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|130
|Mahudha
|Natvarsinh Fulsinh Thakore
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|54
|Mahuva
|Kanubhai Valabhai Kalsaria
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|165
|Mahuwa
|Ishwarbhai Narsinhbhai Vahia
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|41
|Maliya
|[[Lavajibhai Rajani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|62
|Mandal
|[[Prag Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|84
|Mansa
|Babuji Mohanji Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|77
|Maninagar
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|35
|Manavadar
|Jawahar Pethalji Chavda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2
|Mandvi
|Dhanjibhai Govindbhai Senghani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|34
|Mangrol
|Bhagwanjibhai Lakhabhai Kargatiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|162
|Mangrol(Surat)
|Ganpatbhai Vestabhai Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|137
|Matar
|Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|110
|Meghraj
|Mahendrasinh Shankarsinh Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|83
|Mehsana
|[[Anilkumar Patel|Anilkumar Tribhovandas Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|108
|Modasa
|Dilipsinh Vakhatsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|13
|Morbi
|Kantilal Shivlal Amrutia
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|180
|Mota Pondha
|Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|4
|Mundra
|Rameshbhai Vachhraj Maheshwari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|131
|[[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]
|[[Pankajbhai Desai|Desai Pankajkumar Vinubhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|78
|Naroda
|Mayabahen Surendrakumar Kodnani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|143
|[[Nasvadi]]
|Dhirubhai Chunilal Bhil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|174
|Navsari
|Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|161
|Nijhar
|Pareshbhai Govindbhai Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|168
|Oldpad
|Kiritbhai Gangaram Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|152
|Padra
|Dineshbhai Balubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|100
|Palanpur
|Govind Madhav Prajapati
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|51
|[[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]
|[[Mahendra Sarvaiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|91
|Patan
|[[Anandiben Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|181
|Pardi
|Ushabahen Girishkumar Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|135
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]
|[[Niranjan Patel|Niranjanbhai Parsottamdas Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|32
|Porbandar
|Arjunbhai Devabhai Modhvadia
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|107
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
|[[Jay Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|94
|Radhanpur
|Shankarbhai Lagdhirbhai Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|117
|Rajgadh
|Fatesinh Vakhatsinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|17
|Rajkot-1
|Govindbhai Ukabhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|18
|Rajkot-2
|Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|19
|[[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]]
|[[Bhanu Babariya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|160
|Rajpipla
|Harshadbhai Chunilal Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|48
|[[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]
|[[Hira Solanki]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|73
|Rakhiyal
|Vallabhbhai Gobarbhai Kakadiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|123
|Randhikpur
|Jashvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|149
|Raopura
|Yogesh Naranbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|6
|Rapar
|Babubhai Meghji Shah
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|67
|Sabarmati
|Geetabahen Yogeshbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|93
|Sami-Harij
|Rathod Bhavsinhbhai Dahyabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|144
|Sankheda
|Abhesinh Motibhai Tadvi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|111
|Santarampur
|Paranjayadityasinhji Krushnakumarsinhji Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|64
|Sarkhej
|[[Amit Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|134
|Sarsa
|Jayantbhai Ramanbhai Patel (Boski)
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|53
|Savarkundla
|Kalubhai Virjibhai Virani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|146
|Savli
|Khumansinh Raysinh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|148
|Sayajiganj
|Jitendra Ratilal Sukhadiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|121
|Shahera
|Jethabhai Ghelabhai Bharwad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|74
|Shaherkotda
|Shailesh Manharbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|70
|Shahpur
|Gyasuddin Habibuddin Shaikh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|52
|Shihor
|[[Keshu Nakarani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|89
|Sidhdhapur
| Jaynarayan Narmadashankar Vyas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|136
|Sojitra
|Ambalal Ashabhai Rohit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|38
|[[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]
|[[Vira Jotava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|163
|Songadh
|Prabhubhai Nagarbhai Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|170
|Surat City(East)
|Ranjitbhai Mangubhai Gilitwala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|169
|Surat City(North)
|Nanubhai Bhagwanbhai Vanani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|171
|Surat City(West)
|Kishorebhai Ratilal Vankawala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|55
|[[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]
|[[Bhavna Makwana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|37
|Talala
|Bhagwanbhai Dhanabhai Barad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|14
|Tankara
|Mohanlal Kalyanjibhai Kundaria
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|126
|Thasra
|Ramsinh Prabhatsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|182
|[[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]]
|[[Ramanlal Patkar|Ramanlal Nanubhai Patkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|127
|Umreth
|Lalsinh Udesinh Vadodiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|39
|[[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]
|[[Kalu Rathod]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|88
|Unjha
|Narayanbhai Lalludas Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|23
|Upleta
|[[Pravin Makadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|101
|Vadgam
|Fakirbhai Raghabhai Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|8
|Wadhwan
|Varshabahen Narendrabhai Doshi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|147
|Vadodara City
|Bhupendra Gatulal Lakhawala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|151
|Vadodara(Rural)
|Upendrasinhji Pratapsinhji Gohil
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|155
|Vagara
|Iqbal Ibrahim Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|90
|Vagdod
|Jodhaji Gulabji Thakore
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|150
|Vaghodiya
|Madhubhai Babubhai Srivastava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|178
|Valsad
|Dolatbhai Nathubhai Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|15
|Wankaner
|[[Mohammed Javed Pirzada]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|95
|Vav
|Parbatbhai Savabhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|85
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|[[Kanti Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|63
|[[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]
|[[Kama Rathod]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|40
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]
|[[Kanu Bhalala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|86
|Visnagar
|Rushikesh Ganeshbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|164
|Vyara
|Punabhai Dhedabhai Gamit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|112
|Zalod
|Ditabhai Bhimabhai Machhar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Bypolls==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Constituency
!Reason for by-poll
!Winning candidate
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan=7|2009
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]
|Resignation of [[Jagdish Thakor]]
|[[Kalyan Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]
|
|K.V. Harajibhai
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]
|
|[[Bharat Boghara]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]
|[[Vitthal Radadiya]] electedt to Lok Sabha
| [[Jayesh Radadiya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]]
|
|B.D.Karshanbhai
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|Sami
|
|R. B. Dahyabhai
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]]
|
|[[Vasant Bhatol]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|rowspan=2"|2010
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]
|
|K.B.Vasharambhai
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|Kathlal
|
|D.K.Bhulabhai
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2011
|[[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khadia]]
|
|B A Bhatt
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2012
|[[Manasa Assembly constituency|Manasa]]
|
|T.B. Mohansinghji
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-class="sortbottom"
|colspan=6|Source:ECI<ref name=byElections2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/2009-10/Bye-election-2009.xls |title=Details of Assembly By-Elections 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2007 elections in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gujarat elections}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2000s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2007 State Assembly elections in India|Gujarat]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Bodo

2025-12-16T18:19:59Z

Natasha6581: new the info initial version

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Bodo language|Bodo]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Nabin Malla Boro || ''Chitrakutni Frai - Mount Abu'' || Travelogue ||
|-
| 2011 || Maheswar Narzary ||'' Puranni Solo Phithikha'' (in 2 vols.) || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2012 || Haricharan Boro || ''Okhrangma Isingao'' || Essays ||
|-
| 2013 || Jatindra Nath Swargiary || ''Birbalni Solo'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Kaushalya Brahma || ''Gothosaforni Rao'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Tiren Boro || ''Bokhali'' || Novel || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || colspan="3" | NO AWARD ||
|-
| 2017 || Renu Boro || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2018 || Sitaram Basumatary || ''Gotho Gothaini Solo Bhata'' || Short Stories || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Lakhminath Brahma || ''Solobatha Khwnasong De'' || Folk Tales ||
|-
| 2020 || Ajit Boro || ''Gothosa Bisombi'' || Essays ||
|-
| 2021 || Ratneswar Narzary || ''Dikhura Solobatha'' || Folk Tales ||
|-
| 2022 || Rajeshwar Singh ‘Raju’ || ''Sikh-Mat'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title='Raju' conferred Bal Sahitya Award-2022 |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/raju-conferred-bal-sahitya-award-2022/ |website=www.dailyexcelsior.com |date=15 November 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Pratima Nandi Narzaree || ''Gosaini Gwjwn Nwjwr'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Virgin Jekova Machahary || ''Buhuma Boynibw'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Binay Kumar Brahma || ''Khanthi Boronn Ang Abhu Duhui'' || Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bodo]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]

[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]

Thiruvattar taluk

2025-12-05T16:40:08Z

Natasha6581: put up details

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{One source|date=July 2025}}

'''Thiruvattar Taluk''' is one of the six taluks in Kanyakumari district.
<ref name="w874">{{Cite web | title=Kanniyakumari District - Revenue Administration | website=Kanniyakumari District, Government of TamilNadu | date=20 March 2019 | url=https://kanniyakumari.nic.in/revenue-administration/ | access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> Its headquarters is in Cherupaloor, [[Kulasekaram|Kulasekharam]]. The taluk was established as a result of the bifurcation of the erstwhile [[Kallkkulam taluk|Kalkulam]] Taluk. Thiruvattar Taluk is administratively divided into two firkas: Thiruvattar and Kulasekharam, which collectively cover its 21 revenue villages.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Taluks of Kanyakumari district]]

{{Kanniyakumari-geo-stub}}

Public Provident Fund (India)

2025-11-10T13:38:41Z

Natasha6581: quick update

{{Short description|Savings-cum-tax-saving instrument in India}}
{{tone|date=May 2014}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

The '''Public Provident Fund''' ('''PPF''') is a voluntary savings-tax-reduction social security instrument in [[India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ppf-rate-to-fetch-7-6-why-it-is-still-a-winner/articleshow/62283053.cms|title=PPF rate to fetch 7.6%: Why it is still a winner|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> introduced by the National Savings Institute of the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] in 1968. The scheme's main objective is to mobilize small savings for [[Social security in India|social security]] during uncertain times by offering an investment with reasonable returns combined with income tax benefits.<ref>{{cite web |title=PPF Scheme |url=https://www.sbi.co.in/portal/web/personal-banking/public-provident-fund-ppf |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> The scheme is offered by the [[Government of India|Central Government]]. Balance in the PPF account is not subject to attachment under any order or decree of court under the Government Savings Banks Act, 1873. However, Income Tax and other Government authorities can attach the account for recovering tax dues.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tax Laws & Rules > Rules > Public Provident Fund Scheme, 1968|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/pages/rules/public-provident-fund-scheme.aspx|access-date=18 July 2020|website=www.incometaxindia.gov.in}}</ref>

The 2019 Public Provident Fund Scheme, introduced by the Government on 12 December 2019, resulted in the rescinding of the earlier 1968 Public Provident Fund Scheme.

==Eligibility==
Individuals who are residents of India are eligible to open their account under the Public Provident Fund and are entitled to tax-free returns.

===Non-resident Indians===
As of August 2018, according to the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Indian Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs)]], NRIs ([[Non-Resident Indians|Non-resident Indians]]) are not allowed to open ''new'' PPF accounts. However, they can continue their existing PPF accounts until their 15-year maturity period.<ref>{{cite web |title=NRI PPF Rules – Account and Notification 2017-2018 |url=https://www.moneychai.com/nri-ppf-rules-account-notification-2017-2018.html |website=Money chai |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> An amendment to earlier rules allowing NRIs to invest in PPF was proposed in the 2018 Finance Bill, but has not yet been approved.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhawan |first1=Sunil |title=NRIs can continue their PPF account now; Earlier it was to close on losing resident status |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/nris-can-continue-their-ppf-account-now-earlier-it-was-to-close-on-losing-resident-status/articleshow/63079381.cms |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Economic Times |date=26 February 2018}}</ref>

In October 2017, a notification was passed by the Ministry of Finance regarding an amendment to the PPF scheme of 1968, which would deem a PPF account closed from the day a person became a non-resident.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notification GSR No. 1237 (E) dated 03.10.2017 |url=https://dea.gov.in/budgetdivision/ppf |website=Official website - Ministry of Finance (Department of economic affairs) |publisher=Ministry of finance |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> This led to much confusion.<ref>{{cite news |title=PPF accounts to be closed, interest lowered to 4 per cent if you become NRI |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ppf-pf-nsc-post-office-nri-nris-small-saving-schemes-post-office-saving-schemes/story/262844.html |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Business Today |date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Subsequently, the ministry issued an office memorandum in February 2018 keeping the above notification in [[abeyance]] until any further order on this matter. Thus, the situation remained unchanged.<ref>{{cite web |title=Office memorandum F.No. 01/10/2016-NS |url=https://dea.gov.in/budgetdivision/ppf |website=Budget division - Department of economic affairs |publisher=Ministry of finance |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>

==Investment and returns==
A minimum yearly deposit of ₹500 is required to open and maintain a PPF account. A PPF account holder can deposit a maximum of ₹150,000 in his/her PPF account (including those where the person is the guardian) per financial year. There must be a guardian for PPF accounts opened in the name of minor children. Parents can act as guardians in such PPF accounts of minor children. Any amount deposited more than ₹150,000 in a financial year will not earn any interest. The amount can be deposited in lump sum or installments per year. However, this does not mean a single deposit is made once a month.

The [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], Government of India announces the rate of interest for PPF account every quarter. This interest is compounded annually and is paid in March every year. Interest is calculated on the lowest balance between the close of the fifth day and the last day of every month.

=== Interest rates ===
'''1986–2016'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.succinctfp.com/index.php/ppf-historical-interest-rate-since-1-april-1986/,%20http://www.succinctfp.com/index.php/ppf-historical-interest-rate-since-1-april-1986/|title=PPF historical interest rate since 1-April-1986 {{!}} {{!}} Succinct FP|language=en-US|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Period
!Interest Rate
|-
|April 1986 – January 2000
|12.0%
|-
|January 2000 – February 2001
|11.0%
|-
|March 2001 – February 2002
|9.5%
|-
|March 2002 – February 2003
|9.0%
|-
|March 2003 – November 2011
|8.0%
|-
|December 2011 – March 2012
|8.6%
|-
|April 2012 – March 2013<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/InterestRate_SmallSaving_26032012_2.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for small savings schemes|date=26 March 2012|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|8.8%
|-
|April 2013 – March 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/InterestRate_SmallSaving_31032015_0.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for small savings schemes for the Financial Year 2015-2016|date=31 March 2015|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|8.7%
|}

'''2016–25'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Period
!Interest Rate
|-
|April 2016 – September 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revision_SSS_RoI_18032016_0.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes|date=18 March 2016|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/interest-rates-on-ppf-other-savings-to-be-lower-from-april-1/articleshow/51631989.cms|title=Interest rates on PPF, other savings to be lower from April 1|date=31 March 2016|work=The Economic Times|access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stableinvestor.com/2016/08/ppf-interest-rate-history.html|title=PPF Interest Rate History & What You Should Really Know|date=24 August 2016|work=Stable Investor|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
|8.1%
|-
|October 2016 – March 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/your-money/article-interest-rates-cut-on-small-savings-schemes-1468188|title=Interest Rates On PPF, Other Savings Schemes Cut - NDTV|access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>
|8.0%
|-
|April 2017 – June 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Interest%20rates%20for%201st%20quarter%20of%202017-18_0.pdf|title=Interest rates of Small Savings for first quarter of 2017-18|date=31 March 2017|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|7.9%
|-
|July 2017 – December 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Interest%20rates%20for%20second%20quartaer%20of%20FY%2017-18.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for the second quarter of Financial Year 2017-18|date=30 June 2017|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/interest%20rate%2001.10.2017.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes Dated 29th September, 2017|date=29 September 2017|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|7.8%
|-
|January 2018 – March 2018
|rowspan=2|7.6%
|-
|April 2018 – September 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Auto-Color0806_0.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for first quarter of Financial Year 2018-19.
|date=28 March 2018|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=3 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revision%20of%20Interest%20Rates%20for%202nd%20Quarter%20of%20FY%202018-19.pdf|title=Interest Rates applicable to Small Savings Schemes for Second Quarter of FY 2018-19.|date=2 July 2018|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=13 July 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 2018 – March 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Intt.%20rates%20for%203rd%20Quarter%20of%202018-19.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes.
|date=19 September 2018|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=20 September 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Interest%20rates%20for%204th%20quarter%20of%20FY%202018-19.pdf|title=Interest rates of Small Savings Schemes for 4th quarter of 2018-19.|date=31 December 2018|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=10 January 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|8.0%
|-
|April 2019 – June 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Black%20and%20White0583.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for first quarter of Financial Year 2019-20.
|date=29 March 2019|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 March 2019|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|July 2019 – March 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q2_0.pdf|title=Revision of interest rate on Small Savings Schemes for Second Quarter of 2019-20.|date=28 June 2019|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 June 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q3%20OM.pdf|title=Revision of interest rate on Small Savings Schemes for Third Quarter of 2019-20.|date=30 September 2019|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q4%20of%202019-20.pdf|title=Revision of interest rate on Small Savings Schemes for Fourth Quarter of 2019-20.|date=31 December 2019|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en}}</ref>
|7.9%
|-
|April 2020 – March 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/RoI%20Q1%202020-21%20%281%29.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for first quarter of Financial Year 2020-21.
|date=31 March 2020|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Rate%20of%20Interest%20on%20Savings%20Schemes%20for%20Q2%20of%202020-21.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for second quarter of Financial Year 2020-21.
|date=30 June 2020|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 June 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q3%20RoI.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for the third quarter of 2020-21.|date=30 September 2020|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 September 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Rate%20of%20Interest%20on%20Small%20Saving%20Schemes%20for%20Q4%20of%202020-21.pdf|title=Rate of Interest for Small Saving Schemes for Q4 of 2020-21.|date=31 December 2020|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=31 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>
|rowspan=6|7.1%
|-
|April 2021 – March 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q1%20RoI.pdf|title=Revision of Interest Rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q1 of 2021-22.
|date=1 April 2021|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=1 April 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Document%2017-2.pdf|title=Revision of rate of interest for Small Savings Schemes for Q2 of FY 2021-22
|date=30 June 2021|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=1 July 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/RoI.pdf|title=Revision of rate of interest for Small Savings Schemes for Q3 of FY 2021-22
|date=30 September 2021|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 Sep 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/q4.pdf|title=Revision of rate of interest for Small Savings Schemes for Q4 of FY 2021-22
|date=31 December 2021|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=31 Dec 2021|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 2022 – March 2023<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/roi.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q1 of 2022-23|date=31 March 2022|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=31 March 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q2.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for second quarter of Financial Year 2022-23|date=30 Jun 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/q3.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes |date=29 September 2022|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q4%202022-23.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates on Small Savings Schemes for Q4 of FY 2022-23 |date=30 December 2022|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=3 January 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 2023 – March 2024<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/RoI_Q12023-24_0.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates on Small Savings Schemes for Q1 of FY 2023-24|date=31 March 2023|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=31 March 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q2_2324.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates on Small Savings Schemes for Q2 of FY 2023-24|date=30 June 2023|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 June 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/RuI_Q3_2324.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q3 of FY 2023-24|date=29 September 2023|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 September 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q4%202023-24.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q4 of FY 2023-24|date=29 December 2023|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=29 December 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 2024 – December 2024<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/ROI%20Q1%2024-25.pdf|title=Revision of interest rate for Small Saving Schemes for Q1 of FY 2024-25
|date=8 March 2024|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=8 March 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q2_2425.pdf|title=Revision of Interest Rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q2 of FY 2024-25
|date=28 June 2024|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=28 June 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Q3_2425.pdf|title=Revision of Interest Rates for Small Savings Schemes for Q3 of FY 2024-25
|date=30 September 2024|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 September 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 2025 – Dec 2025<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revision%20of%20RoI.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates of Small Savings Schemes for Q1 of FY 2025-26
|date=28 March 2025|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=28 March 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/notification%2030.06.2025.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes
|date=30 Jun 2025|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 Jun 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dea.gov.in/files/circular_document/Q3-2526_RoI.pdf|title=Revision of interest rates for Small Savings Schemes
|date=30 Sep 2025|work=dea.gov.in/|access-date=30 Sep 2025|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Duration of scheme==
Original duration is 15 years. Thereafter it can either be closed and the entire amount can be withdrawn or on application by the subscriber, it can be extended for 1 or more blocks of 5 years each, with or without making further contributions.<ref>{{cite web |title=PPF: 7 Things You Need To Know About Public Provident Fund |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/ppf-7-things-you-should-know-about-public-provident-fund/articleshow/76782198.cms}}</ref>

== PPF maturity options ==
Subscriber has 3 options once the maturity period is over.<ref name="PPF maturity options">{{cite web|title=PPF maturity options|url=https://bharatafinance.com/open-public-provident-fund-account/}}</ref>

#Complete withdrawal.
#Extend the PPF account with no contribution – The PPF account can be extended after the completion of 15 years; the subscriber doesn't need to put any amount after maturity. This is the default option, meaning if the subscriber doesn't take any action within one year of his PPF account maturity, this option activates automatically. Any amount can be withdrawn from the PPF account if the option of extension with no contribution is chosen. The only restriction is only one withdrawal is permitted in a financial year. The rest of the amount keeps earning interest.
#Extend the PPF account with contribution – With this option, the subscriber can put money in his PPF account after the extension. If a subscriber wants to choose this option, he must submit Form H to the bank where he has a PPF account within one year from the maturity date (before completing 16 years in PPF). With this option, the subscriber can only withdraw a maximum of 60% of his PPF amount (the amount in the PPF account at the beginning of the extended period) within the entire 5-year block. Every year, only a single withdrawal is permitted.

==Loans==
Loan facility is available from the third to the fifth financial years. The rate of interest charged on loan taken by the subscriber of a PPF account on or after 12 December 2019 shall be 1% more than the prevailing interest on PPF.

Public Provident Fund Scheme, 2019 has reduced the [https://www.taxcorner.co.in/2019/12/layman-guide-to-ppf-laws-and-rules.html interest spread] to 1% from an earlier spread of 2%.

Up to 25% of the balance at the end of the second immediately preceding year would be allowed as a loan. Such withdrawals are to be repaid within 36 months.

A second loan could be availed within the third and before the sixth year and only if the first one is fully repaid. Individuals are not permitted to take loans once they are eligible for withdrawals. Inactive or discontinued accounts are not eligible for loans.

==Features==
The central government establishes the public provident fund. One can voluntarily open an account with any nationalized bank, selected authorized private bank, or post office. The account can be opened in the name of individuals, including minors.

*The minimum amount is ₹500, which can be deposited.
*The current interest rate is 7.1% annually (Q1 of FY 2024-25).
*Interest received is tax-free.
*The entire balance can be withdrawn on maturity.
*The maximum amount that can be deposited annually is ₹150,000 in an account.
*The interest earned on the PPF subscription is compounded annually.
*All the balance that accumulates over time is exempted from wealth tax.

==Withdrawals from PPF account==
{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2021}}
There is a lock-in period of 15 years, and the money can be withdrawn in full after its maturity period. However, pre-mature withdrawals can be made from the start of the seventh financial year. The maximum amount that can be withdrawn pre-maturely is equal to 50% of the amount that stood in the account at the end of the fourth year preceding year or the end of the immediately preceding year, whichever is lower.

After 15 years of maturity, the full PPF amount, which is tax-free, can be withdrawn, including the interest amount.

==Nomination==
Nomination facility is available in the name of one or more persons. The subscriber may also define the shares of nominees.

==PPF Penalty / Revival / Nomination ==
If a minimum contribution of any amount in any year is not invested, then the account will be deactivated. To activate the account, the bearer must pay ₹50 as a penalty for each inactive year. He/she must deposit ₹500 each as each inactive year's contribution.

In case of the account holder's death, the balance amount will be paid to his nominee or legal heir even before 15 years. Nominees or legal heirs are not eligible to continue the deceased's account.

If balance amount in the account of a deceased is higher than ₹150,000 then the nominee or legal heir has to prove the identity to claim the amount.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=PPF scheme 2019: Loan against PPF account at 1% and other changes you need to know - The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/ppf-scheme-2019-loan-against-ppf-account-at-1-and-other-changes-you-need-to-know/articleshow/73024661.cms|access-date=18 July 2020|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Premature closure of PPF account==
The 2016 amendment to the Public Provident Fund Scheme introduced changes to Paragraph 9, Sub-rule 3(C), allowing for the premature closure of PPF Accounts.<ref name="PPF Premature Closure">{{cite web|title=Premature Closure of PPF Account|url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Premature_ppf18162016_0.pdf}}</ref> Premature closure is now permitted after 5 years for the medical treatment of family members or for the higher education of the account holder. However, premature closure comes with an interest rate penalty of 1%.
As per GOI, 12 December 2019 NOTIFICATIONS some new rules for prematurely withdrawal added

# If there is a change in residency, the account holder must provide a visa, passport, or income tax return, or the account may be closed.
# Higher education expenses for oneself or dependents must be supported by fee bills or admission confirmation letters, or the account may be closed. Remaining rules are same as demise of holder or medical condition of self or dependent.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==Transfer of PPF account==
The account can be transferred to other branches/ other banks or Post Offices and vice versa upon request by the subscriber. The service is free of charges.<ref name=":0" />

Step 1 – Approach the bank or post office branch where the PPF account is held and ask for the form for making the transfer. The bank or post office will provide you with a form which is to be filled.

Step 2 – The existing bank will then forward the certified copy of the account, the account opening application, nomination form, and specimen signature. It will also forward the cheque/dd for the outstanding amount in the PPF account to the new bank at the branch specified by the customer.

Step 3 – Once your bank receives these documents, the bank will inform you and ask you to submit a new PPF account opening form along with the old PPF passbook. You can also provide nominations for this new account. You will also be required to submit the KYC documents.

Step 4 – If you hold an internet banking facility with your bank, after a few weeks, check that the transferred PPF account now shows up under the PPF account tab/link in your login. If that is not the case, inquire the local bank branch.

==PPF tax concessions==

Annual contributions qualify for [[tax deduction]] under Section 80C of income tax as per the old Tax regime. The tax benefit is capped at ₹150,000 per financial year.

PPF falls under the EEE (Exempt, Exempt, Exempt) tax basket. Contribution to the PPF account is eligible for tax benefit under Section 80C of the [[Income-tax Act, 1961|Income Tax Act]] in the old Tax Regime. Interest earned is exempt from income tax, and maturity proceeds are also exempt from tax.<ref name=":0" />

According to R.K. Mohapatra, General Manager-Finance,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Notable Author R K Mohapatra GM, Finance, IRCON, bags Reader's Favorite Book Awards |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-free-press-journal/20201006/282729114356843|access-date=2021-12-26|via=PressReader}}</ref> [[Ircon International|IRCON International]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Despite Falling Interest Rates, PPF Still A Sound Investment Option|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlookmoney/investment/despite-falling-interest-rates-ppf-still-a-sound-investment-option-4976-4976|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.outlookindia.com/outlookmoney/|language=en}}</ref> and author of the award-winning book "Retirement Planning: A Simple Guide for Individuals", in the falling interest rate era, investment in PPF make senses for people who are in higher income tax brackets because of the advantages of exempt-exempt-exempt (EEE) scheme, which means they get tax deduction under Section 80C when they invest, and the accrual of interest as well as withdrawal is completely tax-free.

==See also==
* [[Equity-linked savings scheme]]
* [[National Pension System]]
* [[National Savings Certificates (India)]]
* [[401(k)]]
* [[Roth IRA]]
* [[Retirement plans in the United States]]
* [[Individual retirement account]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|display=Public Provident Fund|Public Provident Fund}}

*[https://www.indiapost.gov.in/Financial/Pages/Content/Post-Office-Saving-Schemes.aspx India Post. Ministry of Communications & Information Technology]

[[Category:Retirement in India]]
[[Category:Tax-advantaged savings plans in India]]
[[Category:Indian labour law]]

Future ships of the Indian Navy

2025-11-02T10:36:57Z

Natasha6581: Done

#REDIRECT [[Future of the Indian Navy]]
{{R from move}}

Kadaisi Thotta

2025-10-18T22:43:39Z

Natasha6581: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Radha Ravi]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

2009 Gujarat alcohol poisonings

2025-10-06T16:08:09Z

Natasha6581: Made Basic Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|Mass poisoning in Gujarat, India}}
{{for|the mass poisoning incident in 2022|2022 Gujarat toxic liquor deaths}}
The '''Gujarat alcohol poisonings''' occurred in July 2009 in [[Gujarat]], resulting in the death of 136 people<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160504005017/http://www.sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jhlluiidbdc&title=Ahmedabad_liquor_death_toll_rises_to_136 Ahmedabad liquor death toll rises to 136]</ref> from consumption of [[bootleg liquor]].

==Background==
Gujarat had banned [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] consumption since 1960 as a homage to [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. However bootlegged alcohol, known as Hooch, is widely available, allegedly under the patronage of the local police.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_rs1000-crore-business-under-cops-nose_1272134'Rs1,000 crore business under cops' nose']</ref> Gujarat has witnessed several occasions of [[alcohol poisoning]], claiming the lives of more than 400 people after the ban was enforced.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021632/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-02-21/ahmedabad/28006844_1_liquor-dens-bootleggers-quality-liquor Hooch might return to haunt]</ref> To counter the liquor mafia, the state government in 1996 formed the State Prohibition Department, which was dismantled in 2006 because of a shortage of police personnel. During the tenure of the department there were no incidents of alcohol poisoning in Gujarat.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/gujarat_to_build_team_to_counter_liquor_mafia.php Gujarat to build team to counter liquor mafia]</ref> The revenue loss to Gujarat government because of the ban is estimated to be around Rs 30 Billion. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5e73a3ba-6f44-11de-9109-00144feabdc0 |title=Call to end Gujarat alcohol ban after 122 deaths |access-date=2009-07-14 |archive-date=2015-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708232100/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5e73a3ba-6f44-11de-9109-00144feabdc0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Alcohol poisoning==
On 7 July 2009, ten people died in [[Behrampura]] after drinking spurious liquor.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201448/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/ahmedabad/28184749_1_spurious-liquor-brew-kantodiavaas Killer brew claims 10 lives in city]</ref> The liquor was brewed in the house of Arvind Solanki, who also died after consuming the liquor. The death toll rose to 43 next day <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.katu.com/news/national/50226387.html |title=Police: Homemade liquor kills 43 |access-date=2009-07-14 |archive-date=2009-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712125004/http://www.katu.com/news/national/50226387.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and crossed 120 by 12 July. <ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=ae2UlPgMUvFc Indian Bootleg Liquor Toll Rises to 123 as Gujarat Vows Probe]</ref> Two hundred seventy-six people were admitted in various hospitals with nearly 100 of them in [[intensive care unit]]s.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090712104020/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/gujarat-hooch-tragedy-death-toll-rises-to-136/96884-3.html Gujarat hooch tragedy: Death toll rises to 136]</ref> More than 1,000 litres of hooch containing [[methanol]] was brought to [[Ahmedabad]] from Mahemdavad.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090716195810/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/investigation-cops-handinglove-with-guj-hooch-mafia/96991-3.html Investigation: Cops hand-in-glove with Guj hooch mafia]</ref>

==Reactions==
After the incident, there had been demands for repealing the [[Prohibition in Gujarat|prohibition of alcohol in the state]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090717085321/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ftn-in-right-spirit-gujarat-must-end-prohibition/97059-3.html In right spirit, Gujarat must end prohibition]</ref> [[Vijay Mallya]], the chairman of [[United Breweries]], criticised the Gujarat government. He claimed that: "Blanket prohibition has never worked in this free world".<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/jul/110709-Vijay-Mallya-decries-Gujarat-liquor-ban.htm Mallya decries Gujarat liquor ban]</ref> The state assembly also witnessed scenes of uproar and demands for the resignation of [[Narendra Modi]], the chief minister of the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarat's chief minister faces calls to quit after moonshine poisoning claims 112 in India |date=2009-07-10 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627194222/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/india-deaths-bootleg-alcohol |archive-date=2023-06-27 |url-status=live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/india-deaths-bootleg-alcohol}}</ref> The leader of the opposition of Gujarat Assembly, [[Shaktisinh Gohil]], alleged that Rasik Paramar, a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) councillor in the area, was a key figure in the state's bootlegging network.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/hooch_tragedy_kills_122_modi_in_a_fix.php Hooch tragedy kills 122; Modi in a fix]</ref>

Following the tragedy, the police conducted more than 8,000 raids in the state, [[arrest|book]]ing 6,713 persons for violation of prohibition<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090717083503/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/12/stories/2009071255840800.htm Gujarat police launch crackdown on hooch]</ref> On 14 July, the police announced that Vinod Chauhan, the prime accused had managed to slip out of Gujarat.<ref>[http://www.zeenews.com/news546766.html Key accused in hooch tragedy slips out of Gujarat ]</ref> The state government introduced a bill in the state Assembly to amend the Prohibition Law, calling for penal action up to the [[death penalty]] for those convicted in spurious liquor cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hooch Tragedy: Guj for death penalty for convicts |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hooch-tragedy-guj-for-death-penalty-for-convicts/97227-3.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718150319/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hooch-tragedy-guj-for-death-penalty-for-convicts/97227-3.html |archivedate=2009-07-18 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2009-07-16 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Prohibition in Gujarat]]
*[[Laththa Commission]]
*[[Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) 2009]]
*[[List of alcohol poisonings in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:2009 crimes in India|Gujarat]]
[[Category:2000s in Gujarat|Gujarat alcohol poisonings]]
[[Category:Alcohol-related deaths in India]]
[[Category:Methanol poisoning incidents]]
[[Category:Crime in Gujarat]]
[[Category:July 2009 in India|Gujarat alcohol poisonings]]

Haqaiq-e-Hindi

2025-09-29T09:26:54Z

Natasha6581: New basic data w/ infobox

{{Orphan|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Haqaiq-e-Hindi
| author = Syed Abdul Wahid Bilgrami
| title_orig = حقائق ہندی
| country = India
| language = Persian
| subject = Sufi interpretations in Dhrupad, Bishnupad, and others
| published = 1566
| pub_date = Hindi (1957) by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi
| genre = [[Sufism]]
}}

'''''Haqaiq-e-Hindi''''' is a treatise written in 1566 by [[Meer Abdul Wahid Bilgrami|Meer Syed Abdul Wahid Bilgrami]] (1509–1608). It was written in Persian with the use of Sufi interpretations used in [[Dhrupad]], Bishnupad and others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Orsini |first=Francesca |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/2791005 |title="Krishna is the Truth of Man" Mir 'Abdul Wahid Bilgrami's Haqā'iq-i Hindī (Indian Truths) and the circulation of dhrupad and bishnupad.' |publisher=Brill |year=2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Orsini |first1=Francesca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0SlCgAAQBAJ |title=Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India |last2=Schofield |first2=Katherine Butler |date=2015-10-05 |publisher=Open Book Publishers |isbn=978-1-78374-102-1 |pages=419–420 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohamed |first=Malik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPnZEAAAQBAJ |title=The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India |date=2023-12-01 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-003-83095-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhargava |first1=Meena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5TWcEAAAQBAJ |title=The Early Modern in South Asia: Querying Modernity, Periodization, and History |last2=Nath |first2=Pratyay |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-27662-7 |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jafri |first=Saiyid Zaheer Husain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4SzQL1uds4C |title=Recording the Progress of Indian History: Symposia Papers of the Indian History Congress, 1992-2010 |date=2012 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-28-3 |pages=142 |language=en}}</ref>

It was taken into Scholarly field by [[Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi]], who published it in Hindi in 1957.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pauwels |first=Heidi |date=1992 |title=A Sufi listening to Hindi religious poetry: Mir Abdul Wahid Bilgrami's Haqayaq-i Hindi. |url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/b6ece603-6dc3-4577-afbc-27c6c99a0687 |journal=Asian Languages and Literature Faculty Papers |language=en}}</ref>

== Reviews ==
According to Muzaffar Alam, in this work ‘Abdul Wahid ‘sought to reconcile Vaisnav symbols as well as the terms and ideas used in Hindu devotional songs with orthodox Muslim beliefs’ within the ‘syncretistic religious milieu’ of Awadh qasbas.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Treatises]]
[[Category:1566 in India]]

North East Zone women's cricket team

2025-09-23T01:09:48Z

Natasha6581:

{{Short description|Indian women's cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = North East Zone
| image =
| colours =
| coach =
| captain = Limatola Ao
| established = 2022
| ground =
| title1 = [[Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20|IZT20]]
| title1wins = 0
| title2 = [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day|IZOD]]
| title2wins = 0
| website =
}}
The '''North East Zone women's cricket team''' is a [[women's cricket]] team that represents north east [[India]] in the [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day]] and [[Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20]]. It is a composite team of players from six teams from north east India: [[Arunachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]], [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram women's cricket team|Mizoram]], [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] and [[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]]. They were formed in 2022 to compete in the [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20|inaugural Women's Inter Zonal T20 competition]].

==History==
Before the 2022–23 season, inter zonal cricket in India had consisted of five teams, representing the Central, East, North, South and West zones.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/27378-senior-womens-inter-zonal-t20-2022-23-time-squad-schedule-live-streaming.html |title=Senior Women’s Inter Zonal T20 2022-23. Time, Squad, Schedule, Live Streaming |publisher=Female Cricket |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> With the addition of [[Arunachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]], [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram women's cricket team|Mizoram]], [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] and [[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]] to the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] ahead of the 2018–19 season, a new zone was required when zonal cricket returned in 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-schedule-2018-19-domestic-games-5265019/ |title=Logistical nightmare on cards as BCCI announces 37-team Ranji Trophy for 2018–19 season |publisher=Indian Express |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> Therefore, the North East Zone cricket team was created in both men's and women's cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/north-east-zone-squad-announced-for-duleep-trophy/ |title=North-East Zone squad announced for Duleep Trophy |publisher=Eastern Mirror |date=4 September 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="squad">{{cite web |url=https://www.cricketworld.com/senior-womens-inter-zonal-t20-trophy-2022-full-squads-fixtures-preview-all-you-need-to-know/83080.htm |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20 Trophy 2022: Full squads, Fixtures & Preview: All you need to know |publisher=CricketWorld |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> The North East Zone women's cricket team first competed at the inaugural inter zonal T20 competition, the [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20]].<ref name="squad"/> They finished sixth in the tournament, losing all of their matches.<ref name="izt20one">{{Cite web |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20 |url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/243/senior-womens-inter-zonal-t20 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=BCCI}}</ref> In February 2023, the [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day]] tournament took place, in which they again finished sixth, losing all of their matches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day |url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/252/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=BCCI}}</ref>

==Players==
===Current squad===
Based on squad announced for the 2023–24 season. Players in '''bold''' have international caps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/senior-womens-inter-zonal-t20-trophy-2023-full-squads-fixtures-preview-all-you-need-to-know/91202.htm |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20 Trophy 2023: Full squads, Fixtures & Preview: All you need to know |publisher=CricketWorld |access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Nationality
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Domestic team
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Limatola Ao || {{crw|IND}} || [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Alemienla Bendangyanger || {{crw|IND}} || [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Pranita Chettri || {{crw|IND}} || [[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Koijam Devi || {{crw|IND}} || [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Debasmita Dutta || {{crw|IND}} || [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Purnimaya Gurung || {{crw|IND}} || [[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Sentilemla Imsong || {{crw|IND}} || [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Keisham Kalpana || {{crw|IND}} || [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Sariba Khan || {{crw|IND}} || [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Haorungbam Kiranbala || {{crw|IND}} || [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Tshering Lepcha || {{crw|IND}} || [[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Rajkumari Linthoingambi || {{crw|IND}} || [[Manipur women's cricket team|Manipur]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Rin Mawii || {{crw|IND}} || [[Mizoram women's cricket team|Mizoram]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Riticia Nongbet || {{crw|IND}} || [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Ajima Sangma || {{crw|IND}} || [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Luiza Tamang || {{crw|IND}} || [[Meghalaya women's cricket team|Meghalaya]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Jyoti Thapa || {{crw|IND}} || [[Nagaland women's cricket team|Nagaland]] || [[Wicket-keeper]]
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Nabam Yapu || {{crw|IND}} || [[Arunachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Arunachal Pradesh]] ||
|-
|style="text-align:center"| Lal Zuali || {{crw|IND}} || [[Mizoram women's cricket team|Mizoram]] ||
|}

==Seasons==
===Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" colspan="8" | League standings
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | {{abbr|P|Played}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|W|Won}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|L|Lost}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|T|Tied}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|NRR|Net Run Rate}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Pos|Position}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20|2022–23]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || –5.250 || 0 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2023–24 Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20|2023–24]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || –4.778 || 0 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|}

===Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" colspan="8" | League standings
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | {{abbr|P|Played}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|W|Won}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|L|Lost}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|T|Tied}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|NRR|Net Run Rate}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Pos|Position}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day|2022–23]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || –4.470 || 0 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cricket in India}}
{{Women's Inter Zonal Cricket in India}}

[[Category:Women's first-class cricket teams in India]]

Code Red (Indian TV series)

2025-09-10T22:55:14Z

Natasha6581: add formatting additionally and updated info per standard format

{{Short description|2015 Indian television series}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox television
|image =
|alt_name = Code Red Chakravyuh Code Red Umeed Code Red Awaaz Code Red Talaash
|genre = [[Anthology series]] [[Supernatural]]
|creator = Anshuman Kishore Singh
|based_on =
|director = Anshuman Kishore Singh Ajay Veermal Vivek Kumar
|writer = [[Sanjeev K Jha]] Koel Chaudhuri
|creative_director = [[Vikas Gupta (producer)|Vikas Gupta]]
|presenter = [[Sakshi Tanwar]] [[Anita Hassanandani]] [[Shaleen Malhotra]] [[Paridhi Sharma]]
|starring =
|theme_music_composer =
|opentheme =
|num_seasons = 1
|num_episodes = 214<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/videos/code-red/code-red-full-episode-214-october-2nd-2015-10119018.html|title=Code Red episodes|publisher=Code Red|date=20 May 2014|accessdate=20 May 2015}}{{Dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|country = [[India]]
|language = Hindi
|producer = Sanjiv Sharma Vipul D. Shah Praver Awal Anup Soni
|location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|cinematography =
|camera = [[Multi-camera]]
|runtime =
|company = Optimystix Entertainment [[Endemol|Endemol India]] Sunshine Rise Productions Lost Boy Productions
|channel = [[Colors TV]]
|first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|1|14}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tisca-chopra-launches-new-show-code-red/|title=Tisca Chopra launches new show 'Code Red'|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=14 January 2015|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>
|last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2015|10|2}}
}}

'''''Code Red''''' (also known as '''''Code Red Chakravyuh, Code Red Umeed, Code Red Awaaz, Code Red Talaash''''') is an Indian television crime show, which had a premiere on [[Colors TV]] on 19 January 2015. The show was hosted by [[Sakshi Tanwar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sakshi-tanwar-to-host-a-crime-show/articleshow/45476492.cms|last=Bhatia|first=Saloni|title=Sakshi Tanwar to host a crime show|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 December 2014|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

''Code Red Talaash'' is an Indian [[supernatural]] television sub-series of ''Code Red'', which airs on [[Colors TV]]. The series premiered on 22 April 2015 on Wednesday and airs Wednesday thorough Friday nights for an hour. The series showcases real life stories in view of super common forces. The sub-series shows some of the most popular [[paranormal]] occurrences in India and narrates the untold story behind every supernatural incidence. The show is hosted by [[Anita Hassanandani]] and [[Shaleen Malhotra]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/04/code-reds-talaash-to-unravel-unexplained-paranormal-occurrences-on-colors/|title=Code Red's 'Talaash' to unravel unexplained paranormal occurrences on Colors|work=Best Bedia Info|date=21 April 2015|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>

The series is a part of ''Code Red'' that airs on [[Colors TV]] and explores the myths behind various haunted places in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shaleen-Malhotra-returns-to-TV-with-Talaash/articleshow/46812791.cms|last=Bhatia|first=Saloni|title=Shaleen Malhotra returns to TV with 'Talaash'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 April 2015|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Host===
*[[Anita Hassanandani]] as Host
*[[Paridhi Sharma]] as Host
*[[Sakshi Tanwar]] as Host
*[[Shaleen Malhotra]] as Host
===Episodic role===
*[[Ankit Bhardwaj]]
*Shahab Khan as Various
*Akshamma Singh as Aashima
*[[Mahima Makwana]] as Riya
*Jatin Shah as Rishabh
*[[Manish Choudhary]] as Dr. Prashant Bhaskar
*[[Megha Gupta]] as Bindiya
*[[Mona Singh]] as Pragya
*[[Anup Soni]] as Rajeev
*[[Karmveer Choudhary]] as Villain
*[[Asha Negi]] as Saraswati
*[[Shilpa Saklani]] as Ganga
*Shweta Kanoje as Pratibha in School bus hijack episode
*[[Yash Sinha]] as Kabir
*[[Adaa Khan]] as Zarina/Aafreen Murtaza
*[[Ssumier Pasricha]]
*Ashish Dixit as Saurabh in Exorcism of Jennifer.
*[[Shiju Kataria]]
*Rahul Verma Rajput
*Rakesh Kukreti
*Bhavesh Balchandani
*[[Urvashi Dholakia]]
*[[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] as Simran, Surili
*Yash Goyal
*[[Saurabh Pandey]] as Munna Yadav
*[[Pooran Kiri]]
*[[Aditya Kapadia]] as cameo
*[[Kanishka Soni]]
*Geetanjali Mishra as Jyoti/Nisha
*[[Yashashri Masurkar]]
*[[Anju Mahendru]]
*[[Richa Soni]]
*[[Nishad Vaidya]] as Govind
*[[Kanwar Dhillon]]
*Ayush Shah
*Khushank Arora
*Meghna Aditya
*[[Gaurav Bajaj]]
*[[Jayashree Venketaramanan]]
*[[Rushad Rana]]
*Bhavana Pani
*[[Neetha Shetty]] as Priyanka
*Deepna Kumar
*Supriya Kumari
*Mohit Shrivastava
*Pankaj Vishnu
*[[Kiran Janjani]]
*[[Neha Bamb]]
*Pooja Welling
*[[Rucha Gujarathi]] as Neha
*[[Dalljiet Kaur]] as Scarlett
*Priya Shinde
*[[Anupriya Kapoor]] as Jennifer
*[[Aishwarya Sharma]]
*[[Ahsaas Channa]] as Sarika

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|4624142}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television series by Optimystix Entertainment]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

The Other Love Story

2025-07-28T04:31:26Z

Natasha6581: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = Drama
| creator = [[Roopa Rao]]
| based_on =
| writer = Roopa Rao
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Roopa Rao
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Shweta Gupta
*Spoorthi Gumaste
*Archana Mittal
*Kalpana Rao
*Chandrashekar Pavlur
*Gayatri Shankar
*Meenu Garg
*Manjunath
*Nidhi Dinesh
*Prerna Chintamani
*Naveen
*Guru
*Nikhita
*Ini
}}
| narrated =
| music = Aparajith Sris
| country = India
| language =
| num_episodes =
| producer = Harini Daddala
| editor = Bharath M.C
| cinematography = Vijayan Muthu
| runtime =
| company = JLT Films 
| budget =
| network =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016|8|27|df=y}}
| last_aired = 
}}
'''''The 'Other' Love Story''''' is India's first televised [[Same-sex relationship|same-sex]] love story, [[Webcast|broadcast]] as a [[web series]] consisting of 12 episodes. The plot, set in the late 1990s/early 2000s, involves two girls in an era when there were no cell phones or internet. The series is written and directed by [[Roopa Rao]], and produced by Harini Daddala for JLT Films. The main characters are played by Shweta Gupta and Spoorthi Gumaste.<ref>{{cite web|last=Verman|first=Esha|url=https://pandolin.com/the-other-love-story-has-universal-appeal-roopa-rao/|title=The 'Other' Love Story has universal appeal – Roopa Rao|website=Pandolin|date=23 March 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042806/https://pandolin.com/the-other-love-story-has-universal-appeal-roopa-rao/|archivedate=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Manu|first=Gayatri|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/64092/the-other-love-story-lesbian-web-series-roopa-rao/|title=Queer, Crowd-Funded & More: India's First Web Series about Same Sex Love Is All Set to Release|website=The Better India|publisher=Vikara Services Pvt Ltd.|date=9 August 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507015315/http://www.thebetterindia.com/64092/the-other-love-story-lesbian-web-series-roopa-rao/|archivedate=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wishberry.in/campaign/love-story-web-series/|title=The 'Other' Love Story - A web series|website=Wishberry|date=May 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005226/https://www.wishberry.in/campaign/love-story-web-series/|archivedate=27 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Joelle|first=Memoree|url=http://www.afterellen.com/general-news/527589-love-story-indias-first-lesbian-web-series|title=The 'Other' Love Story - India's first lesbian web series|website=[[AfterEllen]]|date=13 December 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819225610/http://www.afterellen.com/general-news/527589-love-story-indias-first-lesbian-web-series|archivedate=19 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pink-pages.co.in/culture/television/roopa-rao-on-new-web-series-the-other-love-story/|title=Roopa Rao: On New Web-Series "The Other Love Story"|website=[[Pink Pages]]|date=11 August 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306210955/https://pink-pages.co.in/culture/television/roopa-rao-on-new-web-series-the-other-love-story/|archivedate=6 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tiara|first=Creatrix|url=https://www.autostraddle.com/indian-web-series-the-other-love-story-gives-queer-women-a-happy-ending-361926/|title=Indian Web Series "The Other Love Story" Gives Queer Women A Happy Ending|website=[[Autostraddle]]|date=14 December 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817075629/https://www.autostraddle.com/indian-web-series-the-other-love-story-gives-queer-women-a-happy-ending-361926/|archivedate=17 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mantri|first=Geetika|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/1990s-bengaluru-heart-warming-story-woman-and-woman-falling-love-49681|title=1990's Bengaluru, and the heart-warming story of a woman and a woman falling in love|website=[[The News Minute]]|date=10 September 2016|accessdate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810114301/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/1990s-bengaluru-heart-warming-story-woman-and-woman-falling-love-49681|archivedate=10 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The 'Other' Love Story'' premiered on 27 August 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Director wants to break taboo on homosexuality|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=412092|website=[[Daijiworld]]|date=1 September 2016|accessdate=1 March 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200301073528/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=412092|archivedate=1 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
* Shweta Gupta as Aachal
* Spoorthi Gumaste as Aadya
* Prerna Chintamani as Aadya's friend
* Nidhi Dinesh as Aadya’s friend

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6260466|The "Other" Love Story}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Other Love Story, The}}
[[Category:2016 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2010s LGBTQ-related drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Lesbian-related television shows]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related web series]]

{{web-stub}}

2018 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2025-04-11T17:43:31Z

Natasha6581: Made The Stub First Draft

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Kolkata Knight Riders
| season = [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]]
| coach = [[Jacques Kallis]]
| captain = [[Dinesh Karthik]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]]
| most runs = [[Dinesh Karthik]] (498)
| most wickets = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] (17) [[Sunil Narine]] (17)
| comp1 = [[2018 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 3rd
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2017|2017]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2019|2019]]
}}

The 2018 season was the 11th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR). [[Dinesh Karthik]] captained the team for the season. The KKR finished the season in the third place.

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| No.
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="text-align:center;"| Birth date
! style="text-align:center;"| Batting style
! style="text-align:center;"| Bowling style
! style="text-align:center;"| Year signed
! style="text-align:center;"| Salary
! style="text-align:center;"| Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|3|| [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1997|10|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|80|l|-3}} ||
|-
|27|| [[Nitish Rana]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1993|12|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.4|c|-3}} ||
|-
|37|| '''[[Robin Uthappa]]''' || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1985|9|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.4|c|-3}} || Vice-captain
|-
|50|| '''[[Chris Lynn]]''' || {{cr|Australia}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|4|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.6|c|1}} || Overseas
|-
|77|| [[Shubman Gill]] || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1999|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.8|c|-3}} ||
|-
|99|| [[Ishank Jaggi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1989|1|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|24|| [[Cameron Delport]] || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1989|5|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|-3}} || Overseas
|-
|-|| [[Apoorv Wankhade]] || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1992|3|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|12|| '''[[Andre Russell]]''' || {{cr|Jamaica}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|4|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7|c|1}} || Overseas
|-
|74|| '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|Trinidad}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|5|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.5|c|1}} || Overseas
|-
|86|| [[Javon Searles]] || {{cr|BAR}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1986|12|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| date{{INRConvert|30|l|-3}} || Overseas
|-
|-|| [[Kamlesh Nagarkoti]] || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1999|12|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c|-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|19|| '''[[Dinesh Karthik]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1985|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.4|c|1}} || Captain
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|21|| '''[[Piyush Chawla]]''' || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1988|12|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.2|c|-3}} ||
|-
|23|| '''[[Kuldeep Yadav]]''' || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm wrist-spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.8|c|-3}}||
|-
|-|| [[Shivam Mavi]] || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1998|11|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c|-3}} ||
|-
|33|| '''[[Vinay Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1984|2|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|-3}} ||
|-
|43|| [[Prasidh Krishna]] || {{cr|India}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1996|02|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|-|| '''[[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1995|3|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.62|c|-3}} || Overseas<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23000039/tom-curran-replaces-starc-kolkata-knight-riders-squad|title=Tom Curran replaces Starc in Kolkata Knight Riders squad|date=30 March 2018|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|14|| '''[[Mitchell Starc]]''' || {{cr|Australia}} || {{birth date and age2|2018|04|07|1990|1|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9.4|c|1}} || Overseas
|}

==Season==
===League table===
{{2018 Indian Premier League Points table}}

===Results===
====League matches====
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match3}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match5}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match10}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match13}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match15}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match18}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match26}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match29}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match33}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match37}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match41}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match44}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match49}}
----
{{#section:2018 Indian Premier League|match54}}

==Statistics==

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="text-align:center;"| Name
!style="text-align:center;"| Matches
!style="text-align:center;"| Inns
!style="text-align:center;"| Runs
!style="text-align:center;"| HS
!style="text-align:center;"| Avg
!style="text-align:center;"| SR
|-
|'''[[Dinesh Karthik]]'''
|16
|16
|498
|52
|49.80
|147.77
|-
|[[Chris Lynn]]
|16
|16
|491
|74
|32.73
|130.23
|-
|[[Sunil Narine]]
|16
|16
|357
|75
|22.31
|189.89
|-
|[[Robin Uthappa]]
|16
|16
|351
|54
|21.93
|132.45
|-
|[[Andre Russell]]
|16
|16
|316
|88[[not out|*]]
|28.72
|184.79
|-
|}
* '''Source:''' ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=6;id=2018;team=4341;type=year|title=KKR Most Runs in IPL 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="text-align:center;"| Name
!style="text-align:center;"| Matches
!style="text-align:center;"| Wkts
!style="text-align:center;"| BBI
!style="text-align:center;"| Ave
!style="text-align:center;"| Eco
|-
|'''[[Kuldeep Yadav]]'''
|16
|17
|4/20
|24.58
|8.14
|-
|[[Sunil Narine]]
|16
|17
|3/18
|27.47
|7.65
|-
|[[Piyush Chawla]]
|15
|14
|3/48
|29.42
|8.40
|-
|[[Andre Russell]]
|16
|13
|3/31
|27.30
|9.38
|-
|[[Prasidh Krishna]]
|7
|10
|4/30
|26.00
|9.28
|}
* '''Source:''' ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6;id=2018;team=4341;type=year|title=KKR Most Wickets in IPL 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]

Tomorrow's India Global Summit

2025-04-05T03:49:06Z

Natasha6581: put up entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Tomorrow's India Global Summit
|logo = TomorrowsIndiaGlobalSummit.png
|caption = Let's Start with I
|location = New Delhi
|years_active = 2016–present
|genre = [[Business conference]], [[Cultural festival]]
|website = {{URL|www.tomorrowsindia.com/}}
}}

The '''Tomorrow's India Global Summit''' is an annual global business, knowledge and cultural event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/delhi/events/tomorrow-s-india-global-summit-2017|title=Tomorrow's India Global Summit 2017|website=www.timeout.com|date=26 June 2022 }}</ref> Tomorrow's India is an important wing of the Global Social (India) Foundation. It is an initiative working towards the elevation of talent across a number fields such as education, literature, leadership, music, the arts, and culture. Words of courage, stories of inspiration and actions of change is the aim of Tomorrow's India, which is presented in thematic pattern with the help of dialogues, discussions and debates with the pioneers in the field across the globe.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://nrinews24x7.com/indias-biggest-global-summit-tomorrows-india-is-back-with-its-4th-edition/|title = India's Biggest Global Summit: Tomorrow's India is back with its 4th edition|date = 6 October 2018|access-date = 11 February 2019|archive-date = 12 February 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190212014950/https://nrinews24x7.com/indias-biggest-global-summit-tomorrows-india-is-back-with-its-4th-edition/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
The Summit is the brainchild of [[H P Singh]], chairman and managing director of [[Satin Creditcare Network Limited]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsindia.com/about-us|title=Exclusive Platform to Businesses and Entrepreneurs – Discover Opportunities in the fields of Business, Culture and Knowledge|website=www.tomorrowsindia.com}}</ref>

==History, timeline==

===2016 Singapore===
The 2016 edition of Tomorrow's India Global Summit was organised by the RICE Company Limited, with GAC Ventures participating as its Green and Sustainability partner. The venue was Shangri-La Hotel, Orchard, Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eco-business.com/events/tomorrows-india-in-singapore/|title=Tomorrow's India in Singapore|publisher=Eco-Business}}</ref> It featured a number of personalities from different fields such as [[Gopinath Pillai]], [[Prahlad Kakkar]], [[Arokiaswamy Velumani]], Vijay Thakur Singh – the high commissioner to Singapore, Suneeta Reddy – managing director ApolloHospitals Group, Mark Runacres – Senior Advisor International Affairs & Co-founder of the British education Centre, Theng Dar Teng – Hub Honcho OIIO Hub Pte Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsindia.com/speakers/67?page=0|title=Speakers – Tomorrows India|website=www.tomorrowsindia.com}}</ref>

===2016 Korea===
At Incheon, the grand event was inaugurated by Vikram Doraiswami, Indian Ambassador to Republic of Korea, H P Singh, managing director and Founder of Tomorrow's India Global Summit, Yoo, Jeong-bok, Mayor of Incheon Metropolitan City and Lee, Kang-shin, Chairman of Incheon Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The four-day summit witnessed the participation of over 150 delegates including industry leaders, business experts and students from across the globe.
The highlight of the summit was the announcement of a Memorandum of Understanding signed between GSIF and Seoul Metropolitan City to promote business and trade relations between India and Korea. The event had a focused initiative to offer expansion and investment opportunities to Indian start-ups, MSMEs.
Corporate businesses saw Bangalore-based Uber Diagnostics raise Rs. 15 million in funding from global investors. Korea also launched an e-book on Digital India and Smart Cities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/tomorrow-s-india-global-summit-concludes-in-seoul-116100700750_1.html|title=Tomorrow's India Global Summit concludes in Seoul|last=ANI|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=7 October 2016|publisher=|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/Tomorrow-s-India-To-Help-Indian-Businesses-Tap-Into-The-10-Billion-Opportunity-In-South-Korea/14-06-2016-99145/|title=Tomorrow's India To Help Indian Businesses Tap Into The $10 Billion Opportunity In South Korea|first=BW Online|last=Bureau|publisher=}}</ref>
A start-up from Kerala 'Avant Garde Innovations' that envisions electricity at every home and assures to put an end to power woes in the state with its innovative low cost high energy wind power generator, was felicitated at Tomorrow's India Global Summit at Seoul.
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Kerala-start-up-felicitated-at-Tomorrows-India-Global-Summit-in-Seoul/articleshow/54546281.cms|title=Kerala start-up felicitated at Tomorrow's India Global Summit in Seoul – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 September 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> It featured a number of speakers from across the globe such as – Vikram Doraiswami, Ambassador of India to Republic of Korea, [[Devita Saraf]], Dalton Sembiring – Minister, Deputy Chief of Mission, Edmbassy of the Republic of Indonesia to India, Yang Chang – Soo, Ambassador of International Relations, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Dongrok Suh – Deputy Mayor for Economic Planning, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Pramod Saxena – chairman and managing director, Oxygen Services(India) Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsindia.com/speakers/66?page=0|title=Speakers – Tomorrows India|website=www.tomorrowsindia.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcYxKrxo-Z8&t=67s|title=Tomorrow's India NDTV Telecast|last=Tomorrow's India|date=8 November 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref>

===2017 Delhi===
The 2017 edition of the event took place in Delhi, National Capital of India. It introduced some more elements than its previous edition. This edition featured some of the prominent figures and speakers in India from across various fields, such as Politics, Journalism, [[Bollywood]], Entrepreneurs, Business, Literature, Sports and Music. The speakers included some prominent figures such as [[Arun Shourie]], [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], [[Chetan Bhagat]], [[Satyadev Pachauri]], [[R Gandhi]], [[Rajat Kapoor]], [[Nandita Das]], [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Deepa Malik]], [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]], [[Anshu Gupta]], [[Laxmi Agarwal]], [[Harish Iyer]] and Amey Nerkar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amey Nerkar, talking at Tomorrow's India Global Summit 2017 – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31lJUl-MI40&feature=youtu.be|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> The event brought some burning topics in light related to Politics, Indian Cinema, [[Gender]] Sensitization, Racism, Law, Humanitarianism, Sports, Agriculture, [[Knowledge]] and Education.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsindia.com/2017|title=Business and knowledge Conference in Delhi – Why Delhi|website=www.tomorrowsindia.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomorrowsindia.com/speakers/388|title=Speakers – Tomorrows India|website=www.tomorrowsindia.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCxkCamkqVI|title=Arun Shourie, talking at Tomorrow's India Global Summit 2017|last=Tomorrow's India|date=6 February 2018|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYy5BrR5U1M|title=Tomorrow's India Global Summit 2017 aired on Times Now|last=Tomorrow's India|date=29 November 2017|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/being-a-director--is-truly-satisfying.html | title='Being a director is truly satisfying' | access-date=2024-08-02 | first=Kritika | last=Dua | date=2017-10-10}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insider.in/tomorrows-india-global-summit-oct8-2017/event|title=Tomorrow's India Global Summit, 2017|website=insider.in}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pressure-to-change-electoral-system-should-come-from-society-arun-shourie-1760315|title=Pressure To Change Electoral System Should Come From Society: Arun Shourie|publisher=}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/pressure-to-change-electoral-system-should-come-from-society-arun-shourie-4881000/|title=Pressure to change electoral system should come from society: Arun Shourie|date=8 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tomorrowsindia.com/speakers/388?page=2|title = Speakers | Tomorrows India}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

===2018===
On 25 May 2018, Tomorrow's India launched a campaign called "Let's Start with I". The focus of this campaign is on the younger generation to take initiatives to address issues such as [[Child Labor]], Education and Health & Sanitation, for building a better future, which has been the motto of [[Global Social India Foundation]]. This campaign was carried on until 25 September 2018. Several other companies like Lenskart, Ferns N Petals etc. joined this campaign by providing special offers to people registering with the campaign.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole pragraph|date=January 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://thisweekindia.news/article/tomorrows-india-launched-letsstartwithi-campaign/13693 | title=Tomorrow’s India launched #LetsStartWithI Campaign |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102095029/https://thisweekindia.news/article/tomorrows-india-launched-letsstartwithi-campaign/13693 | archive-date=2019-01-02 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/electoral-system-arun-shourie | title=Current electoral system not showing up competent leaders: Arun Shourie | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119131320/https://telanganatoday.com/electoral-system-arun-shourie | archive-date=2018-11-19}}
* [https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/pressure-to-change-electoral-system-should-come-from-society-1060494-2017-10-08 Pressure to change electoral system should come from society:]
* [https://www.satincreditcare.com/ Satin Creditcare Network LTD. - Home]
* [https://www.timeout.com/delhi/events/tomorrow-s-india-global-summit-2017 12 Best Things To Do in Delhi Right Now]
* [https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/delhi/tomorrows-india-global-summit-2017/Nandita-Das/articleshow/61001651.cms Nandita Das during the 'Tomorrow's India Global Summit' on October 8, 2017 in New Delhi - Photogallery]
* {{Facebook | 2morrowsIndia | Tomorrow's India }}


[[Category:International conferences]]
[[Category:Business conferences in India]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurship in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Business conferences]]
[[Category:Cultural conferences]]
[[Category:2016 conferences]]
[[Category:2017 conferences]]
[[Category:2018 conferences]]
[[Category:21st-century conferences]]