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Tariffs in the second Trump administration

2026-05-08T17:45:31Z

NIULoyd091: added new page

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Donald Trump series|expanded=Policies}}
During [[second presidency of Donald Trump|his second term]] as [[President of the United States]], [[Donald Trump]] enacted a series of steep [[tariff]]s affecting [[List of imports of the United States|nearly all goods imported into the country]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9f642686-d9bf-4d16-a2f6-2d2ab8fb43d2|last=Williams |first=Aime |date=August 6, 2025 |title=Donald Trump's new tariff regime deepens global trade war|work=[[Financial Times]]|url-access=subscription |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223132746/https://www.ft.com/content/9f642686-d9bf-4d16-a2f6-2d2ab8fb43d2|url-status=live}}</ref> From January to April 2025, the overall average effective US tariff rate rose from 2.5% to an estimated 27%—the highest level in over a century.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Irwin |first=Neil |title=Trump's incredibly volatile tariff landscape, in one chart|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/06/05/trump-tariff-rate-volatility|work=[[Axios (website)]] |date=June 5, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223132747/https://www.axios.com/2025/06/05/trump-tariff-rate-volatility|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reddy">{{Cite news |last=Reddy|first=Sudeep|title=Reality Check: What Trump's Supposed Retreat Really Means in a Historic Trade War |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/04/10/tariff-reality-check-trump-retreat-00285270 |work=[[Politico]]|date=April 10, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223132747/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/04/10/tariff-reality-check-trump-retreat-00285270|url-status=live}}</ref> After changes, negotiations, and the invalidation of certain tariffs by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]], the overall average effective tariff rate was 11.8% in April 2026.<ref name="yale">{{Cite web |title=State of Tariffs: April 8, 2026 |url=https://budgetlab.yale.edu/research/state-us-tariffs-april-8-2026 |work=[[Yale University]] |date=April 8, 2026 }}</ref> The items most affected by the tariffs are metals, items mostly made of metal, and vehicles.

Although the [[Constitution of the United States]] grants [[United States Congress|Congress]] the sole authority to levy taxes, including tariffs, Congress has passed laws allowing the president to impose tariffs unilaterally for national security reasons.<ref name="Looney">{{Cite web |last1=Looney |first1=Adam |last2=Patel|first2=Elena|date=January 15, 2025|title=Why does the executive branch have so much power over tariffs? |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-does-the-executive-branch-have-so-much-power-over-tariffs/ |website=[[Brookings Institution]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=July 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726230405/https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-does-the-executive-branch-have-so-much-power-over-tariffs/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Under [[Section 232]] of the 1962 [[Trade Expansion Act]], Trump raised tariffs on [[cars]], [[steel]], [[aluminum]], [[copper]], and related derivative products as high as 50%. New tariffs on large-scale batteries, cast iron and iron fittings, plastic piping, industrial chemicals and power grid and telecom equipment are under consideration.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-considers-new-national-security-tariffs-after-supreme-court-ruling-wsj-2026-02-23/ | title=Trump considers new national security tariffs after Supreme Court ruling, WSJ reports | work=[[Reuters]] | date=February 23, 2026}}</ref>

In April 2025, Trump also claimed unprecedented authority under the [[International Emergency Economic Powers Act]] (IEEPA) to impose [[Liberation Day tariffs]] of at least 10% on goods from nearly all countries. Trump also used the law to impose punitive tariffs against several countries and to order the early closure of the [[De minimis exemption|''de minimis'' exemption]]. In February 2026, the Supreme Court ruled the IEEPA tariffs illegal in the case ''[[Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/supreme-court-strikes-trumps-tariffs-major-blow-president-rcna244827 |title=Supreme Court strikes down most of Trump's tariffs in a major blow to the president|publisher=NBC News |date=February 20, 2026 |accessdate=February 20, 2026}}</ref> The government collected an estimated $166 billion in IEEPA tariffs from more than 330,000 businesses that was required to be refunded.<ref name=refund/>

After the decision of the Supreme Court, Trump announced a global tariff of 10% under [[Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974]], to remain in effect for 150 days, until July 24, 2026. He then threatened to increase the rate to 15% and also issued an executive order to maintain the closure of the ''de minimis'' exemption under the IEEPA.<ref name="Tobin" /><ref name=global>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-24 |title=Trump's global tariff takes effect at 10%, despite announcement of 15% |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/trump-global-tariff-start-10-percent-despite-announcement-15-percent-rcna260369 |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> After a lawsuit, the [[United States Court of International Trade]] ruled that these tariffs are also illegal and the case is being appealed.<ref name=replacement/>

Trump also used [[Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974]] to impose tariffs on Nicaragua starting in 2027 and has threatened to use the law to impose many other country-specific tariffs.

The Trump administration argues that its tariffs will promote domestic manufacturing, protect national security, and substitute for federal income taxes. The administration views [[trade deficit]]s as inherently harmful, a stance economists criticized as a flawed understanding of trade.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/05/business/trump-reciprocal-tariffs-real-numbers/index.html |first1=Bryan |last1=Mena |first2=Alicia |last2=Wallace |title=Trump's 'reciprocal' tariffs aren't quite what they seem. Here's the real story |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=April 5, 2025 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=April 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408174023/https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/05/business/trump-reciprocal-tariffs-real-numbers/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schneid">{{cite magazine |last1=Schneid |first1=Rebecca |date=April 4, 2025 |title=Why Economists Are Horrified by Trump's Tariff Math |url=https://time.com/7274651/why-economists-are-horrified-by-trump-tariff-math/ |access-date=April 4, 2025 |magazine=Time |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404001442/https://time.com/7274651/why-economists-are-horrified-by-trump-tariff-math/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Weissmann |first=Jordan |date=April 6, 2025 |title=The White House cited these economists to justify its tariffs. They aren't thrilled. |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/the-white-house-cited-these-economists-to-justify-its-tariffs-they-arent-thrilled-193615537.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405223531/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/the-white-house-cited-these-economists-to-justify-its-tariffs-they-arent-thrilled-193615537.html |archive-date=April 5, 2025 |access-date=April 6, 2025 |work=[[Yahoo Finance]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Neiman |first=Brent |date=April 7, 2025 |title=Why Trump's Tariff Math Is a Joke |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/07/opinion/trump-tariff-math-formula.html |access-date=April 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407092404/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/07/opinion/trump-tariff-math-formula.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Studies have shown that the tariffs have increased expenses and reduced earnings for companies,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawder |first=David |title=Supreme Court cannot stop all of Trump's tariffs. Deal with it, officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/supreme-court-wont-stop-trumps-tariffs-deal-with-it-officials-say-2025-11-03/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 3, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Popat">{{Cite web |last=Popat |first=Shrai |date=October 19, 2025 |title='Empty shelves, higher prices': Americans tell of cost of Trump's tariffs |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/oct/19/trump-tariffs-us-consumers }}</ref><ref name="J.P. Morgan Chase">{{Cite web |title=March 2025 Fed Meeting: Interest Rates Kept Steady, Slower Economic Growth Projected |url=https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/outlook/economic-outlook/fed-meeting-march-2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |work=[[J.P. Morgan Chase]] |archive-date=July 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703125312/https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/outlook/economic-outlook/fed-meeting-march-2025 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite web |title=What has been the impact of Trump's tariffs so far?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2025/7/31/what-has-been-the-impact-of-trumps-tariffs-so-far|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=July 31, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref> and have increased costs for households.<ref name="Popat" /> The promised growth in manufacturing jobs has not been realized.<ref name="Egan">{{cite web |last1=Egan|first1=Matt|title=Trump's shock-and-awe tariffs haven't fueled a manufacturing jobs boom|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/11/business/jobs-trump-tariffs-manufacturing|publisher=CNN|date=July 11, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref> Corporate bankruptcies increased to the highest level since 2010.<ref name="Bankrupt">{{Cite news|title=Bankruptcies soar as companies grapple with inflation, tariffs |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/12/27/corporate-bankruptcies-economy/|newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 27, 2025|issn=0190-8286|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 29, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251229145146/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/12/27/corporate-bankruptcies-economy/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bankrupt-aol">{{Cite news |title=Bankruptcies soared to a 15-year high in 2025 as companies struggled to cope with Trump's trade wars |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/corporate-bankruptcies-increase-trump-trade-wars-b2890965.html |website=The Independent |date=December 27, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Wallace">{{Cite web |last=Wallace |first=Alicia |title='Chaotic' tariff regime and trade war are leaving small businesses in their wake |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/20/economy/us-small-businesses-tariffs|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=April 20, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=January 7, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107094426/https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/20/economy/us-small-businesses-tariffs|url-status=live}}</ref> However, although many economists predicted slower growth and even a possible [[recession]] due to the tariffs, US [[GDP]] has continued to grow. This was partially attributed to Trump's backtracking on the initial high tariff rates.<ref name="Miller">{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Jason W. |last2=Jin |first2=Yao “Henry” |last3=Ortega |first3=David L. |date=June 26, 2025 |title=Shock and Awe: A Theoretical Framework and Data Sources for Studying the Impact of 2025 Tariffs on Global Supply Chains |journal=Journal of Supply Chain Management |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=3–15 |doi=10.1111/jscm.12350 |issn=1745-493X |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sargen">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/5655533-trump-trade-policy-analysis/|title=Despite a resilient economy, Trump's tariffs have not delivered |first=Nicholas |last=Sargen |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=December 19, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=January 7, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107085729/https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/5655533-trump-trade-policy-analysis/|url-status=live}}</ref> There has also been no definitive indication of a significant aggregate effect on the labor market so far; however, industries most exposed to tariffs show some signs of weakness relative to the pre-2025 trend.<ref name=tracking>{{Cite web | url=https://budgetlab.yale.edu/research/tracking-economic-effects-tariffs | title=Tracking the Economic Effects of Tariffs |work=[[Yale University]] | date=March 2, 2026}}</ref>

==Background==
{{See also|History of tariffs in the United States#2000 to present: Deindustrialization and wage deflation|Protectionism in the United States#1980s to present}}

During the 1990s and 2000s, [[globalization]] and [[international trade]] expanded as improvements in communications and shipping technology made [[offshoring]] more feasible and trade deals reduced tariffs and other barriers to commerce.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 23, 2018 |title=Globalization's Backlash Is Here, at Just the Wrong Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/upshot/globalization-pain-and-promise-for-rich-nations.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250929181412/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/upshot/globalization-pain-and-promise-for-rich-nations.html |archive-date=September 29, 2025 |access-date=January 18, 2026 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dorn |first=David|last2=Levell|first2=Peter|date=December 1, 2024|title=Labour market impacts of the China shock: Why the tide of Globalisation did not lift all boats |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001258|journal=Labour Economics|volume=91|doi=10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629|issn=0927-5371|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Although the aggregate gains to the United States were substantial, the benefits were unevenly distributed; high-skilled workers generally prospered, while Americans with fewer skills and less geographic mobility struggled to adapt to rapid economic change.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bergesten |first=C. Fred |author-link=C. Fred Bergsten |title=The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade |date=January 24, 2005 |publisher=[[Peterson Institute for International Economics]] |isbn=978-0881323801 |chapter=Uneven Gains and Unbalanced Burdens? Three Decades of American Globalization |chapter-url=https://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/3802/3iie3802.pdf |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |access-date=January 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607083148/http://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/3802/3iie3802.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rosalsky">{{Cite news |last=Rosalsky |first=Greg |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Why economists got free trade with China so wrong |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/11/g-s1-47352/why-economists-got-free-trade-with-china-so-wrong |access-date=January 19, 2026 |publisher=NPR |archive-date=January 7, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107005509/https://www.npr.org/2025/02/11/g-s1-47352/why-economists-got-free-trade-with-china-so-wrong |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although U.S. manufacturing employment had been declining for decades, job losses accelerated in the 2000s after the United States normalized trade relations with China.<ref name="Casselman">{{Cite news |last=Casselman |first=Ben |date=April 11, 2025 |title=The 'China Shock' Offers a Lesson. It Isn't the One Trump Has Learned. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/11/business/economy/tariffs-trump-china-shock.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The surge in [[outsourcing]], alongside advancements in [[automation]], led to localized depressions in many manufacturing-dependent communities.<ref name="Rosalsky" /><ref name="Casselman" /> Laid off manufacturing workers typically did not relocate or transition into new industries, even after their communities rebounded, and instead remained unemployed long term.<ref name="Rosalsky" /> Research indicates that these regions became more politically polarized and that their legislators increasingly supported protectionist policies.<ref name="Frieden">{{cite book |last=Frieden |first=Jeffry |author-link=Jeffry Frieden |title=The Crisis of Globalization: Democracy, Capitalism and Inequality in the Twenty-First Century |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2019 |isbn=978-1788315166 |editor-last=Diamond |editor-first=Patrick |location=London |chapter=The Backlash Against Globalization and the Future of the International Economic Order |chapter-url=https://jfrieden.scholars.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum8616/files/jfrieden/files/frieden2019_ch2.pdf}}</ref>

During the 2000s, public opinion surveys and political rhetoric began to reflect growing skepticism toward international economic integration, a trend that intensified following the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref name="Frieden" /> In 2008, [[Barack Obama]] blamed [[NAFTA]] for the loss of a million jobs and stated, "we can’t keep passing unfair trade deals like NAFTA that put special interests over workers’ interests."<ref>{{cite book |last=Irwin |first=Douglas A. |url=http://www.nber.org/books/irwi-2 |title=Clashing over Commerce: A History of U.S. Trade Policy |date=November 2017 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-39896-9 |pages=625–688 |chapter=From Globalization to Polarization, 1992–2017 |chapter-url=http://www.nber.org/chapters/c13863 |archive-date=September 19, 2020 |access-date=January 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919004159/https://www.nber.org/books/irwi-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2008 |title=Obama's Balancing Act On Free Trade - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obamas-balancing-act-on-free-trade-20-06-2008/ |access-date=January 20, 2026 |publisher=CBS News |archive-date=July 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714201306/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obamas-balancing-act-on-free-trade-20-06-2008/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[Jeffry Frieden]], 2016 "was the first time since the 1930s that both major parties had candidates for the presidential nomination who were openly hostile to economic integration, and that any major party had an actual nominee with similar views. The victory of Donald Trump in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]] marked the victory of an [[economic nationalism]] that had long been far from the mainstream of American politics."<ref name="Frieden" /> Trump's embrace of restrictive trade policies and broad tariffs represented a sharp departure from the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party's]] general support for free trade over the preceding 70 years, and a partial return to the party's [[protectionist]] orientation in the early 20th century.<ref name="Frieden" />

===First Trump administration===
{{Main|Tariffs in the first Trump administration}}

In 2018, Trump imposed [[Tariffs in the first Trump administration#Steel and aluminum|tariffs on steel and aluminum]] imports.<ref>{{cite web |last=Durante |first=Alex |date=September 20, 2022 |title=How the Section 232 Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum Harmed the Economy |url=https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/section-232-tariffs-steel-aluminum/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=Tax Foundation |archive-date=February 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219225525/https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/section-232-tariffs-steel-aluminum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He also initiated the [[China–United States trade war]], which subjected 60% of US-China trade to 20% tariffs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Irwin |first=Neil |title=What the Last Trump Tariffs Did, According to Researchers |url=https://hbr.org/2024/12/what-the-last-trump-tariffs-did-according-to-researchers |work=Harvard Business Review |publisher=Harvard Business Publishing |date=December 15, 2024 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |archive-date=February 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222140836/https://hbr.org/2024/12/what-the-last-trump-tariffs-did-according-to-researchers |url-status=live }}</ref> Most sources say that the trade war did not achieve its goals: instead, the U.S. trade deficit widened, growth slowed, manufacturing jobs did not return, and prices rose.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/02/10/new-data-show-the-failures-of-donald-trumps-china-trade-strategy |title=New data show the failures of Donald Trump's China trade strategy|date=February 10, 2021|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513173056/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/02/10/new-data-show-the-failures-of-donald-trumps-china-trade-strategy|url-status=live}}
*{{cite news |title=How China Won Trump's Trade War and Got Americans to Foot the Bill |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/how-china-won-trump-s-good-and-easy-to-win-trade-war |publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg L.P.]]|date=January 11, 2021|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=June 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615135517/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/how-china-won-trump-s-good-and-easy-to-win-trade-war|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web |title=More pain than gain: How the US-China trade war hurt America |last1=Hass |first1=Ryan |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/08/07/more-pain-than-gain-how-the-us-china-trade-war-hurt-america/ |publisher=Brookings Institution|date=August 7, 2020|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=August 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815155716/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/08/07/more-pain-than-gain-how-the-us-china-trade-war-hurt-america/|url-status=live}}
*{{Cite web |title=China Trade War Didn't Boost U.S. Manufacturing Might|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-trade-war-didnt-boost-u-s-manufacturing-might-11603618203|first1=Josh|last1=Zumbrun|first2=Bob|last2=Davis|date=October 25, 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109083250/https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-trade-war-didnt-boost-u-s-manufacturing-might-11603618203 |url-status=live}}
*{{cite web |title=Why Did Donald Trump's Trade War on China Fail?|last1=Lester |first1=Simon |url=https://www.cato.org/commentary/why-did-donald-trumps-trade-war-china-fail|publisher=Cato Institute|date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610030036/https://www.cato.org/commentary/why-did-donald-trumps-trade-war-china-fail |url-status=live}}
*{{Cite web |title=Analysis: Trump promised to win the trade war with China. He failed |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/24/economy/us-china-trade-war-intl-hnk/index.html|first=Jill|last=Disis|publisher=[[CNN]] |date=October 25, 2020|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025073526/https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/24/economy/us-china-trade-war-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}
*{{Cite web |title=The centerpiece of Trump's trade deal with China 'failed spectacularly' |url=https://fortune.com/2021/02/09/trump-china-trade-deal-exports-failed-spectacularly/|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|first=Naomi|last=Elegant|date=February 8, 2021|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=May 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508123605/https://fortune.com/2021/02/09/trump-china-trade-deal-exports-failed-spectacularly/ |url-status=live}}
*{{cite web |title=Trump's economic legacy: Trade wars, tariffs and tax breaks |last1=White |first1=Martha |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-s-economic-legacy-trade-wars-tariffs-tax-breaks-n1254716 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=January 20, 2021|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=April 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405022940/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-s-economic-legacy-trade-wars-tariffs-tax-breaks-n1254716|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web |title=Trump Promised a 'Good and Easy To Win' Trade War, Then Lost It |last1=Boehm |first1=Eric |url=https://reason.com/2021/01/19/trump-promised-a-good-and-easy-to-win-trade-war-then-lost-it/ |work=Reason |date=January 19, 2021 |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=June 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617163533/https://reason.com/2021/01/19/trump-promised-a-good-and-easy-to-win-trade-war-then-lost-it/|url-status=live}}
*{{cite web |title=Trump's Protectionist Failure|last1=Gramm|first1=Phil|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-protectionist-failure-11614709570|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 2, 2021|access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613190203/https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-protectionist-failure-11614709570|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2019, Trump used tariff threats of up to 25% on [[Mexico]] to negotiate an expansion of his "[[Remain in Mexico]]" policy and the deployment of Mexican soldiers to help control [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sprunt |first=Barbara |title=Trump: U.S., Mexico Reach Deal To Avoid New Tariffs |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730283772/trump-u-s-mexico-reaches-deal-to-avoid-new-tariffs |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=June 7, 2019 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104340/https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730283772/trump-u-s-mexico-reaches-deal-to-avoid-new-tariffs |url-status=live }}</ref> The Mexican government, led by [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], deployed nearly 15,000 troops to the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexico–US border]] and 6,500 troops to the [[Guatemala–Mexico border]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/24/americas/mexico-sends-15000-troops-to-us-mexico-border-intl |title=Mexico sends nearly 15,000 troops to the US border|first=Tatiana|last=Arias|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=June 24, 2019 |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223132852/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/24/americas/mexico-sends-15000-troops-to-us-mexico-border-intl|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/mexico-says-it-has-deployed-15000-forces-in-the-north-to-halt-us-bound-migrat-idUSKCN1TP2YD/|title=Mexico says it has deployed 15,000 forces in the north to halt U.S.-bound migration|first=Dave|last=Graham|work=[[Reuters]]|date=June 25, 2019|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref>

In 2020, the US, Mexico and Canada renegotiated the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA) as the [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement]] (USMCA) and recommitted to 0% tariffs on most products traded between the three countries. Five weeks after the USMCA went into effect, Trump used an exemption for national security concerns to implement a 10% tariff on Canadian aluminum after claiming it was flooding the US market.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Nithya |last2=Kim |first2=Turner |last3=Greer |first3=Camron |title=U.S. Re-Imposes 10% Tariff on Specific Aluminum Imports from Canada |url=https://www.internationaltradeinsights.com/2020/08/u-s-re-imposes-10-tariff-on-specific-aluminum-imports-from-canada/ |website=International Trade Insights |publisher=Husch Blackwell LLP |date=August 7, 2020 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |archive-date=February 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213152610/https://www.internationaltradeinsights.com/2020/08/u-s-re-imposes-10-tariff-on-specific-aluminum-imports-from-canada/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wiseman |first=Paul |title=After brief trade truce, U.S. slaps levy on Canadian aluminum |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/after-brief-trade-truce-u-s-slaps-levy-on-canadian-aluminum |work=[[PBS News Hour]] |date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |archive-date=August 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827104359/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/after-brief-trade-truce-u-s-slaps-levy-on-canadian-aluminum |url-status=live }}</ref> He withdrew the tariff a month later, three hours before the [[29th Canadian Ministry]] planned to retaliate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Kathleen |title=U.S. calls off tariffs on Canadian aluminum — for now |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/aluminum-tariffs-trade-trump-trudeau-1.5724391 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=September 15, 2020 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |archive-date=December 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203104628/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/aluminum-tariffs-trade-trump-trudeau-1.5724391 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2024 presidential campaign===
During his [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|2024 presidential campaign]], Trump [[Agenda 47#Economy|pledged]] to impose even larger tariffs than in his first term, including 60% on China, 100% on Mexico, and 20% on all other countries. He also proposed tariffs to penalize US companies that outsourced manufacturing, such as a 200% tariff on [[John Deere]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Paul |date=September 27, 2024 |title=Trump favors huge new tariffs. How do they work? |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/trump-favors-huge-new-tariffs-how-do-they-work |access-date=January 20, 2026 |website=PBS News |archive-date=February 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222003943/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/trump-favors-huge-new-tariffs-how-do-they-work |url-status=live }}</ref> He proposed using tariffs to achieve a wide range of goals, including preventing war, reducing [[trade deficit]]s, improving [[Border security in the United States|border security]], and subsidizing childcare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Paul |date=September 27, 2024 |title=Trump favors huge new tariffs. What are they, and how do they work? |url=https://apnews.com/article/tariffs-trump-taxes-imports-inflation-consumers-prices-c2eef295a078a76ce2bb7fedb0c5e58c |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=AP News |archive-date=January 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129082528/https://apnews.com/article/tariffs-trump-taxes-imports-inflation-consumers-prices-c2eef295a078a76ce2bb7fedb0c5e58c |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2025, Trump suggested tariff revenues could eventually replace income taxes, at least for those making less than $200,000 per year. Economists disagreed; the [[Tax Foundation]] deemed the idea "mathematically impossible".<ref>{{cite news |last=Collinson |first=Stephen |date=October 26, 2024 |title=Trump floats ending the federal income tax. Here's what that would mean |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/26/politics/trump-income-taxes-tariffs/index.html |access-date=February 4, 2025 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=February 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203080346/https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/26/politics/trump-income-taxes-tariffs/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schulz |first=Bailey |date=April 22, 2025 |title=Trump says tariff revenue could replace income taxes: Why economists disagree |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2025/04/22/trump-tariffs-replace-income-taxes-economists/83196923007/ |access-date=May 3, 2025 |website=USA Today }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=York |first1=Erica |last2=Li |first2=Huaqun |date=April 28, 2025 |title=Trump Floats Replacing Income Tax with Tariffs |url=https://taxfoundation.org/blog/trump-income-tax-tariff-proposals/ |access-date=June 24, 2025 |website=Tax Foundation |archive-date=June 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618205004/https://taxfoundation.org/blog/trump-income-tax-tariff-proposals/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Minton">{{Cite news |last=Minton Beddoes |first=Zanny |title='The Economist' editor unpacks the 'biggest trade policy shock' of Trump's tariffs [16:22-16:39] |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5355907/trump-tariffs-zanny-minton-beddoes |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 9, 2025 |archive-date=April 14, 2025 |access-date=May 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414204444/https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5355907/trump-tariffs-zanny-minton-beddoes |url-status=live }}</ref>

Shortly after the [[2024 United States presidential election]], Trump acknowledged that tariffs might cause "some pain" for Americans but said, "it will all be worth the price that must be paid".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/02/politics/us-tariffs-americans-pay-imports/index.html |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Stracqualursi |first2=Veronica |title=With tariffs signed, Trump warns of 'pain' to come for Americans |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=February 2, 2025 |archive-date=February 19, 2025 |access-date=February 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219115428/https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/02/politics/us-tariffs-americans-pay-imports/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2024, Trump appointed tariff hard liner [[Peter Navarro]] as his [[Counselor to the President|Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5375727/peter-navarro/ |title=Peter Navarro Used to Be a Democrat. Now He's the Mastermind Behind Trump's Trade War |first=Molly |last=Ball |date=August 23, 2018 |magazine=Time |access-date=March 7, 2025 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328142407/https://time.com/5375727/peter-navarro/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4135f673-d3a8-4d78-9f81-81107cb7dd32 |title=Peter Navarro: a loyal general returns to wage Donald Trump's trade wars |last=Williams |first=Aime |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=February 18, 2025}}</ref> [[Stephen Miran]], another tariff hard liner, was appointed chair of the [[Council of Economic Advisers]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/economy/trade/trump-tariffs-economost-stephen-miran-1d8f31f2 | title=Trump's New Economist Makes the Case for 20% Tariffs | first=Greg | last=Ip | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=January 12, 2025 | url-access=subscription | archive-date=September 19, 2025 | access-date=December 25, 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919175755/https://www.wsj.com/economy/trade/trump-tariffs-economost-stephen-miran-1d8f31f2 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Section 232 tariffs==
[[File:2025-April-02-Reciprocal tariffs-List 2.jpg|thumb|Trump administration reciprocal tariffs (April 2025)]]
Section 232 of the [[Trade Expansion Act]] (TEA) allows the President to modify imports if the [[Secretary of Commerce]] conducts an investigation, holds public hearings, and determines that the imports threaten national security.<ref name="Looney" /><ref name="Christopher">{{cite report |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R48435 |title=Congressional and Presidential Authority to Impose Import Tariffs | first=Christopher T. | last=Zirpoli |date=February 27, 2025 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |access-date=March 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301113004/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R48435 |archive-date=March 1, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Spangler">{{Cite web |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2025/03/27/trump-auto-tariffs-section-232-national-security-explained/82688081007/ |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Trump bases auto tariffs on national security. Can he do that? |website=[[Detroit Free Press]] |archive-date=July 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724144537/https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2025/03/27/trump-auto-tariffs-section-232-national-security-explained/82688081007/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Metal and metal products===
Trump ordered a probe into copper imports in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Restores Section 232 Tariffs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-restores-section-232-tariffs/ |access-date=March 13, 2025 |website=The White House |archive-date=July 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728105616/https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-restores-section-232-tariffs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2025, the US imposed 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports, including and derivative products, aiming to strengthen domestic production; in 2023, the US imported 44% of its aluminum and 26% of its steel, mostly from Canada.<ref name=cfr>{{cite news |last1=O'Neil |first1=Shannon K. |last2=Huesa |first2=Julia |date=February 14, 2025 |title=What Trump's Aluminum and Steel Tariffs Will Mean, in Six Charts |url=https://www.cfr.org/articles/trumps-new-aluminum-and-steel-tariffs-explained-six-charts |access-date=March 13, 2025 |work=Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |archive-date=May 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523152428/https://www.cfr.org/article/what-trumps-aluminum-and-steel-tariffs-will-mean-six-charts |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sherman">{{cite news |last=Sherman |first=Natalie |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Canada's new border measures after U.S. tariff threats |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c360dz384n5o |access-date=February 11, 2025 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |archive-date=February 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223172422/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c360dz384n5o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lawder-2025a" /> The measures expanded Trump's first-term steel and aluminum tariffs by eliminating all exemptions and raising the aluminum tariff from 10% to 25%.<ref name="Christopher" /> Trump also mandated that steel be "melted and poured" and aluminum "smelted and cast" in the US to qualify for duty-free status to prevent tariff circumvention.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Blenkinsop |first2=Philip |date=February 11, 2025 |title=EU readies response to Trump hikes in steel, aluminium tariffs |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/eu-readies-response-trump-hikes-steel-aluminium-tariffs-2025-02-11/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>

In April 2025, aluminum tariffs were expanded to include empty aluminum [[drink can]]s and canned beer.<ref name="Lucas">{{Cite web |last=Lucas |first=Amelia |date=April 2, 2025 |title=Trump administration puts 25% tariff on all canned beer imports, empty aluminum cans |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/02/trump-puts-tariffs-on-canned-beer-imports.html |access-date=April 2, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=July 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724125933/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/02/trump-puts-tariffs-on-canned-beer-imports.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tariffs on steel and aluminum imports were increased to 50% in June 2025, with the exception of tariffs on imports from the UK, which remained at 25%.<ref name="signs2" /><ref name="bbc-trump">{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2025 |title=Donald Trump doubles US steel and aluminium tariffs to 50% |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj3j7z73yv2o |access-date=June 5, 2025 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB |archive-date=June 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604225248/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj3j7z73yv2o |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 12, 2025, the White House expanded steel tariffs to include many major household appliances, effective on June 23.<ref name="Reuters" />

In July 2025, Trump announced a 50% tariff on copper imports, effective August 1, 2025.<ref name="Loh">{{Cite web |last=Loh |first=Victor |date=July 10, 2025 |title=Trump says 50% tariff on copper will begin Aug. 1 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/09/trump-says-50percent-tariff-on-copper-will-begin-aug-1.html|access-date=July 10, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |last2=Balakrishner|first2=Amala}}</ref> Later that month, Trump clarified that the tariffs would not apply to [[cathode copper]]; most of the copper imported to the US is cathode [[Copper mining in Chile|copper from Chile]].<ref name="Loh" /><ref name="bbc-trump" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rifo |first=Miguel |date=July 30, 2025 |title=Cobre Chileno queda excluido de los aranceles del 50% de Trump |url=https://www.reporteminero.cl/noticia/noticias/2025/07/eeuu-arancel-50-cobre-chile-exclusion-impacto |access-date=July 30, 2025 |work=Reporte Minero & Energético |language=es |archive-date=July 31, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731025731/https://www.reporteminero.cl/noticia/noticias/2025/07/eeuu-arancel-50-cobre-chile-exclusion-impacto |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=Sergio |date=July 30, 2025 |title=Trump excluye cátodos de cobre de aranceles: repercusión en Chile |url=https://www.redimin.cl/trump-excluye-catodos-de-cobre-de-aranceles-repercusion-en-chile/ |access-date=July 30, 2025 |work=Redimin |language=es |archive-date=August 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803190043/https://www.redimin.cl/trump-excluye-catodos-de-cobre-de-aranceles-repercusion-en-chile/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tariffs Sour Public Opinion on the U.S. in Chile and Peru |url=https://www.cfr.org/articles/tariffs-sour-public-opinion-us-chile-and-peru |access-date=February 3, 2026 |website=CFR |language=en |date=October 29, 2025|last=Freeman|first=Will}}</ref>

The steel and aluminum tariffs were expanded to include 407 additional products in August 2025.<ref name="Doherty">{{Cite web |last=Doherty |first=Erin |date=August 19, 2025 |title=Trump expands 50% steel and aluminum tariffs to include 407 additional product types |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/19/trump-trade-steel-aluminum-tariffs-.html |access-date=August 20, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=August 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820001215/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/19/trump-trade-steel-aluminum-tariffs-.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2026, Trump clarified the tariffs on metals as follows: Articles made entirely or almost entirely of aluminum, steel, or copper will pay a flat 50% on their full value — for example, steel coils and aluminum sheet.
Derivative articles substantially made of steel, aluminum, or copper will pay a flat 25% on their full value.
Certain metal-intensive industrial equipment and electrical grid equipment will pay 15% through 2027. Products made abroad but entirely with American steel, aluminum, and copper will be subject to lower tariffs of 10%. Products made of 15% or less steel, aluminum, or copper will no longer be subject to Section 232 metals tariffs.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-strengthens-tariffs-on-steel-aluminum-and-copper-imports/ | title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Strengthens Tariffs on Steel, Aluminum, and Copper Imports | work=[[The White House]] | date=April 2, 2026}}</ref>

===Automobiles and auto parts===
In January 2025, Trump announced broad tariffs on Canada and Mexico, threatening the highly integrated North American auto supply chain.<ref name="Domonoske-2025">{{Cite news |last=Domonoske |first=Camilla |date=March 4, 2025 |title=New tariffs drive fears of rising car prices in the U.S. |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/03/nx-s1-5316162/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-cars-auto-industry |access-date=March 27, 2025 |publisher=[[NPR]] |archive-date=July 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723021016/https://www.npr.org/2025/03/03/nx-s1-5316162/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-cars-auto-industry |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to decades of free trade agreements including [[USMCA]], factories in the US, Canada, and Mexico were accustomed to shipping auto parts back and forth multiple times during the manufacturing process.<ref name="Domonoske-2025" /> The [[Big Three (automobile manufacturers)|Big Three automobile manufacturers]] lobbied for exemptions, warning the tariffs would hurt American companies more than foreign competitors.<ref name="Colias">{{cite news |last1=Colias |first1=Mike |last2=Felton |first2=Ryan |last3=Otts |first3=Christopher |date=March 6, 2025 |title=How Tariffs on Canada and Mexico Could Affect Car Prices |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/autos/car-prices-tariffs-canada-mexico-55b57468 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Domonoske-2025" /> Trump agreed to delay tariffs on USMCA-compliant vehicles.<ref name="Green">{{Cite news |last1=Green |first1=Emily |last2=Ljunggren |first2=David |date=April 2, 2025|title=Canada, Mexico not subject to new global rates as fentanyl tariff still in place |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-mexico-not-subject-new-global-rates-while-fentanyl-border-order-place-2025-04-02/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Non-USMCA compliant brands manufacturing in Canada or Mexico, such as [[BMW]], were affected starting March 4, 2025.<ref name="Colias" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 13, 2025 |title=BMW Will Cover the Tariff Costs for Cars Built in Mexico Through May 1 |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a64177537/bmw-cars-trump-tariff-price-protection/ |access-date=April 1, 2025 |work=Car and Driver |archive-date=July 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705044203/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a64177537/bmw-cars-trump-tariff-price-protection/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2025, Trump imposed a new 25% tariff on all imported cars, including those from Mexico and Canada; car prices were expected to increase.<ref name="bbc-trump" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=Sergio |date=July 22, 2025 |title=Cobre chileno en apuro: envíos se apresuran para evitar aranceles de Trump |url=https://www.redimin.cl/cobre-chileno-en-apuro-envios-se-apresuran-para-evitar-aranceles-de-trump/ |access-date=July 22, 2025 |work=REDIMIN |language=es |archive-date=July 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725191434/https://www.redimin.cl/cobre-chileno-en-apuro-envios-se-apresuran-para-evitar-aranceles-de-trump/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

While the 25% tariff extended to auto parts in May 2025, Trump exempted parts made in Mexico or Canada that were compliant with the USMCA.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |first2=ALEXA |last2=ST JOHN |date=April 29, 2025 |title=Trump offers automakers some relief on his 25% tariffs, after worries they could hurt US factories |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-automakers-factories-relief-25a400c98e02c01c8c54502384e267e1 |access-date=April 29, 2025 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429142628/https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-automakers-factories-relief-25a400c98e02c01c8c54502384e267e1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Confirms>{{cite news |last=Monga |first=Vipal |date=May 1, 2025 |title=U.S. Customs Confirms That USMCA-Compliant Auto Parts Are Exempt From Tariffs |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-tariffs-trade-war-05-01-2025/card/u-s-customs-confirms-that-usmca-compliant-auto-parts-are-exempt-from-tariffs-vwkRBFmgJ6gOqwt6VlsW |work=The Wall Street Journal }}</ref> In April 2025, he exempted carmakers that pay a 25% on imported cars from paying other tariffs, such as those on steel and aluminum, and provided a rebate on a proportion of tariffs paid for the next two years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swanson |first1=Ana |last2=Ewing |first2=Jack |date=April 29, 2025 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/29/us/politics/trump-auto-tariffs-executive-order.html |title=Trump Signs Executive Order Walking Back Some Auto Tariffs |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=April 30, 2025 |archive-date=April 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430024149/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/29/us/politics/trump-auto-tariffs-executive-order.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Solar panels from Southeast Asian countries===
In April 2025, in support of American manufacturers complaining of [[Dumping (pricing policy)|dumping]] and subsidies, the Commerce Department furthered plans first issued by the [[Biden Administration]] to tariff Chinese [[solar panel]] makers with factories in Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Proposed tariff rates ranged from 41% to 3,521% in the case of Cambodia because its producers did not cooperate with the US investigation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US sets tariffs of up to 3,521% on South East Asia solar panels |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygdv47vlzo | work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 22, 2025 |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422063604/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygdv47vlzo |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2026, the Commerce Department announced tariffs on solar cells and panels imported by companies in India, Indonesia and Laos to counteract subsidies offered by those countries.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/us-sets-preliminary-duties-solar-imports-india-indonesia-laos-2026-02-24/ | title=US sets preliminary duties on solar imports from India, Indonesia and Laos | first=Nichola | last=Groom | editor-first1=Alison | editor-last1=Williams | editor-first2=Aurora | editor-last2=Ellis | work=[[Reuters]] | date=February 25, 2026}}</ref>

===Lumber and furniture===
In September 2025, Trump announced 10% tariffs on imports of softwood timber and lumber. He also announced 25% tariffs on kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and upholstered furniture effective October 14.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-09-30/trump-sets-10-tariff-on-softwood-lumber-25-on-cabinets |last1=Dlouhy |first1=Jennifer A. |last2=Seal |first2=Thomas |title=Trump Sets Lumber, Wood Tariffs in Bid to Boost US Industry |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 30, 2025 |url-access=subscription | access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref>

Also in September 2025, Trump announced tariffs on large trucks, kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and upholstered furniture, to begin on October 1.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wallbank |first1=Derek |last2=Dlouhy |first2=Jennifer A |date=September 26, 2025 |title=US to Impose Tariffs on Heavy Trucks, Kitchen Cabinets |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-09-25/us-to-impose-25-tariff-on-heavy-truck-imports-from-oct-1|work=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref>

===Pharmaceuticals===
In April 2025, the [[United States Department of Commerce]] initiated a Section 232 investigation into [[pharmaceuticals]], including "both finished generic and non-generic drug products, medical countermeasures, critical inputs such as active pharmaceutical ingredients and key starting materials, and derivative products of those items."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liu |first=Angus |date=April 15, 2025 |title=Trump administration launches pharma tariff investigation |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/trump-administration-launches-national-security-investigation-pharmaceuticals-paving-way|work=[[FierceBiotech]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133014/https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/trump-administration-launches-national-security-investigation-pharmaceuticals-paving-way|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2025, Trump announced, effective on October 1, 2025, a 100% tariff on "any branded or patented" pharmaceutical product, unless the companies were "breaking ground" or had "under construction" pharmaceutical manufacturing plants in the US.<ref name="Jie" /> The tariff was expected to have limited impact because most large drug manufacturers already had or were building American facilities.<ref name="Luhby">{{Cite web |last=Luhby |first=Tami |date=September 26, 2025 |title=A 100% tariff on some imported drugs is coming October 1, Trump says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/25/business/imported-pharmaceuticals-tariff-trump |access-date=January 17, 2026 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Trump also agreed to honor previously negotiated trade deals that capped pharmaceutical tariffs at 15%. Following the announcement, several large branded pharmaceutical companies announced or accelerated U.S. manufacturing investments to qualify for tariff exemptions tied to domestic production.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/regulatory/article/sector-review-pharmaceutical-industry-2026-credit-outlook-is-stable-as-healthy-revenue-growth-mitigates-pressure-from-drug-price-reform-and-ma-s101667417 | title=Sector Review: Pharmaceutical Industry 2026 Credit Outlook Is Stable As Healthy Revenue Growth Mitigates Pressure From Drug Price Reform And M&A | work=[[S&P Global]] | date=3 March 2026}}</ref>

In December 2025, the UK secured a 0% tariff on its pharmaceutical and medical technology exports in exchange for a commitment to invest more money into the US. The country also pledged to spend around 25% more in new and effective treatments, the first major increase in over two decades.<ref name="AP News" />

===Semiconductors===
In April 2025, the Department of Commerce initiated a Section 232 investigation into ""imports of [[semiconductors]] and semiconductor manufacturing equipment."<ref name="Muller">{{Cite news |last1=Muller |first1=Madison |last2=Dlouhy |first2=Jennifer A |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Trump Initiates Chips and Drug Probes, Ahead of More Tariffs |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-14/trump-moves-to-put-tariffs-on-chips-drugs-in-motion |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref>

In January 2026, Trump issued 25% tariffs on a narrow range of semiconductor imports, primarily advanced computing chips, including the [[Nvidia H200]] and the [[AMD]] MI325X, with the exemption of chips imported to support the buildout of the U.S. technology supply chain or to bolster domestic manufacturing capacity for derivatives of semiconductors. Semiconductors used for [[data center]]s, research and development, and non-data center consumer applications are exempted.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/trump-tariffs-semiconductors-critical-minerals/809731/ | title=Trump issues 25% tariffs on narrow range of semiconductors | first1=Antone | last1=Gonsalves | first2=Phil | last2=Neuffer | work=[[Industry Dive]] | date=January 15, 2026}}</ref>

==Country-specific tariffs implemented under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 ==
Trump imposed tariffs under [[Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974]], which allows the President to modify imports if the [[Secretary of Commerce]] conducts an investigation and holds public hearings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fíonta |date=June 2, 2020 |title=U.S. Launches Trade Probe into Digital Taxes |url=https://taxfoundation.org/blog/us-trade-representative-ustr-digital-services-tax-investigations/ |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=Tax Foundation |archive-date=March 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318214104/https://taxfoundation.org/blog/us-trade-representative-ustr-digital-services-tax-investigations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Under [[Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974]], the U.S. imposed phased-in tariffs on imports from [[Nicaragua]] that do not qualify under the [[Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement]] (CAFTA-DR). The tariff rate is 10% in 2027 and 15% in 2028. The tariffs "address Nicaragua's acts, policies, and practices related to abuses of labor rights, abuses of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and dismantling of the rule of law".<ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2025/december/ustr-section-301-action-nicaraguas-acts-policies-and-practices-relating-labor-rights-human-rights | title=USTR Section 301 Action on Nicaragua's Acts, Policies, and Practices Relating to Labor Rights, Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Rule of Law | publisher=[[United States Trade Representative]] | date=December 10, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-12-10/us-to-impose-10-tariff-on-nicaraguan-goods-starting-in-2027 | title=US to Impose 10% Tariff on Nicaraguan Goods Starting in 2027 | first=Skylar | last=Woodhouse | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=December 10, 2025}}</ref>

==Country-specific tariffs implemented under IEEPA==
{{Main|Liberation Day tariffs}}

{{See also|2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico|China–United States trade war|2025 United States–India diplomatic and trade crisis|Pakistan–United States trade deal|Russian Customs Tariff|2025 Brazil–United States diplomatic dispute}}

Trump invoked unprecedented powers under the [[National Emergencies Act]] (NEA) and the [[International Emergency Economic Powers Act]] (IEEPA) by declaring [[List of national emergencies in the United States|multiple "national emergencies"]] related to border security, energy, and trade deficits.<ref name="Domonoske-2025a2">{{cite news |last=Domonoske |first=Camila |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Trump's Energy Emergency Plan: Oil, Electric Vehicles and More |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/20/nx-s1-5268653/energy-emergency-trump-oil-evs |publisher=NPR}}</ref><ref name="Palmer">{{Cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=Doug |last2=Desrochers |first2=Daniel |date=April 2, 2025 |title=Trump imposes 10 percent universal tariff, higher for top trade partners |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/02/trump-tariff-trade-partners-liberation-day-00267350 |access-date=April 3, 2025 |website=Politico |archive-date=December 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133040/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/02/trump-tariff-trade-partners-liberation-day-00267350 |url-status=live }}</ref> The administration claimed that declaring these emergencies allowed Trump to enact tariffs quickly without following the complex procedures required by TEA or other trade statutes and did not require congressional approval.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.sullcrom.com/SullivanCromwell/_Assets/PDFs/Memos/President-Trump-Raises-Steel-Aluminum-Tariffs.pdf |title=President Trump Raises Steel and Aluminum Tariffs |date=February 13, 2025 |publisher=Sullivan & Cromwell LLP |access-date=March 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311154500/https://web.archive.org/web/20250311185437/https://www.sullcrom.com/SullivanCromwell/_Assets/PDFs/Memos/President-Trump-Raises-Steel-Aluminum-Tariffs.pdf |archive-date=March 11, 2025}}</ref> While the IEEPA had been used to enact [[economic sanctions]], it had never before been used to enact tariffs. As he signed the orders, Trump stated that declaring an emergency "means you can do whatever you have to do to get out of that problem."<ref name="Domonoske-2025a2" />

On February 13, 2025, Trump directed his staff to research both monetary and non-monetary [[trade barrier]]s imposed by foreign countries against US exports and to develop custom "reciprocal tariffs" to counter and penalize each one.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |date=April 3, 2025 |title=Trump Trade 'Emergency' Follows Decades of Anger That America Has Been Ripped Off |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/03/us/politics/trump-tariffs-trade-deficit-manufacturing.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 3, 2025 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=April 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406232343/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/03/us/politics/trump-tariffs-trade-deficit-manufacturing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He instructed them to consider factors such as existing tariffs, exchange rates, and trade balances in their analysis.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 24, 2025 |title=What to Expect in Washington: March 24 |url=https://taxnews.ey.com/news/2025-0736-what-to-expect-in-washington-march-24 |access-date=March 30, 2025 |website=EY Tax News |publisher=Ernst & Young |archive-date=March 31, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331194008/https://taxnews.ey.com/news/2025-0736-what-to-expect-in-washington-march-24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grantham-Philips |first1=Wyatte |date=March 31, 2025 |title=Trump has dubbed April 2 'Liberation Day' for his tariffs. Here's what to expect |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-reciprocal-tariffs-liberation-day-april-2-86639b7b6358af65e2cbad31f8c8ae2b |access-date=April 1, 2025 |work=[[AP News]] |archive-date=July 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722222614/https://apnews.com/article/trump-reciprocal-tariffs-liberation-day-april-2-86639b7b6358af65e2cbad31f8c8ae2b |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump also threatened tariffs on countries that [[2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap|purchase Russian oil]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suter |first=Tara |date=March 30, 2025 |title=Trump 'very angry' at Putin's remarks on Zelensky |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5222295-trump-angry-putin-russia-ukraine/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |archive-date=March 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330180555/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5222295-trump-angry-putin-russia-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Michael |last2=Davies |first2=Emily |date=July 14, 2025 |title=Trump backs Kyiv in war with Russia with weapons and threats to Moscow |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/14/trump-ukraine-weapons-sanctions/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133151/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/14/trump-ukraine-weapons-sanctions/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and countries that trade with [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khatinoglu |first=Dalga |date=March 31, 2025 |title=Secondary tariffs: US wields a powerful tool against Iran |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202503311394 |access-date=April 1, 2025 |website=iranintl.com |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720155815/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202503311394 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2025, following actions such as the [[March 2025 Venezuelan deportations]], in what he called "secondary tariffs", Trump signed an [[executive order]] imposing a 25% tariff on nations that purchase oil from [[Venezuela]] at the Secretary of State's discretion, under IEEPA.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/imposing-tariffs-on-countries-importing-venezuelan-oil/ | title=Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil | work=[[The White House]] | date=March 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Flatley |first=Daniel |date=March 25, 2025 |title=Trump's Threat of Secondary Tariffs Invents New Trade Weapon |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-25/trump-s-threat-of-secondary-tariffs-invents-new-trade-weapon |work=Bloomberg News |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kutz |first=Anna |date=March 25, 2025 |title=What are 'secondary tariffs'? Trump says they'll soon hit Venezuela |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/5211102-what-are-secondary-tariffs-trump-says-theyll-soon-hit-venezuela/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327192617/https://thehill.com/homenews/5211102-what-are-secondary-tariffs-trump-says-theyll-soon-hit-venezuela/ |archive-date=March 27, 2025 |access-date=April 1, 2025 |work=The Hill}}</ref><ref name="Boak-2">{{Cite web |last=Boak |first=Josh |date=March 24, 2025 |title=Trump says he'll put a 25% tariff on countries that buy Venezuelan oil, though the US does so itself |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-venezuela-oil-gas-tax-9197d606dea29caed6a7a79dd358d26a |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=AP News |archive-date=March 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326224822/https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-venezuela-oil-gas-tax-9197d606dea29caed6a7a79dd358d26a |url-status=live }}</ref>

On April 2, 2025, a day he called "Liberation Day", Trump declared a national emergency to address what he described as a "large and persistent US trade deficit" and invoked the [[IEEPA]] to impose a 10% minimum "reciprocal tariff" on nearly all other countries, effective April 5, 2025.<ref name="Palmer" /> He also announced higher "reciprocal tariffs" for 57 countries and territories that would begin April 9.<ref name="Pichee" /> Tariffs on certain goods were excluded.

The "reciprocal" tariff announcement led to the [[2025 stock market crash]]. Bond prices dropped and interest rates soared in a scenario called [[Bond vigilante|bond vigilantism]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bond vigilantes are back raising the spectre of an American face-off |url=https://financialpost.com/investing/bond-vigilantes-back-raise-spectre-american-face-off |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411160955/https://financialpost.com/investing/bond-vigilantes-back-raise-spectre-american-face-off |archive-date=April 11, 2025 |access-date=April 19, 2025 |work=financialpost}}</ref>

After prices of U.S. assets including equities, the [[US dollar]], and bonds declined significantly on the morning of April 9, Trump announced on ''[[Truth Social]]'' that "reciprocal" tariffs above 10%, which had gone into effect that morning, would be paused for 90 days for all countries except China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawford |first=Melissa |date=April 9, 2025 |title=How Trump was forced to bow to reality of markets meltdown |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/04/09/fears-market-armageddon-forced-trump-truss-climbdown/ |access-date=April 11, 2025 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=April 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411054512/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/04/09/fears-market-armageddon-forced-trump-truss-climbdown/ |url-status=live }}</ref> China's minimum tariff rate was increased to 145%,<ref name="Swanson">{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=April 10, 2025 |title=Trump Has Added 145% Tariff to China, White House Clarifies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/business/economy/china-tariffs-145-percent.html |access-date=April 10, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410181755/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/business/economy/china-tariffs-145-percent.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while imports from all other countries were sustained at the 10% rate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seal |first1=Dean |title=Trump Authorizes 90-Day Pause on Reciprocal Tariffs |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/trump-authorizes-90-day-pause-on-reciprocal-tariffs-f31d5097?mod=politics_lead_story |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=May 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503194421/https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/trump-authorizes-90-day-pause-on-reciprocal-tariffs-f31d5097?mod=politics_lead_story |url-status=live }}</ref> Other global tariffs imposed under section 232 also remained in effect.<ref name="Lalljee">{{Cite web |last=Lalljee |first=Jason |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Trump pauses reciprocal tariffs, but these ones are still in effect |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/04/09/trump-tariffs-90-day-pause-china |access-date=April 10, 2025 |website=Axios (website) |archive-date=April 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410101126/https://www.axios.com/2025/04/09/trump-tariffs-90-day-pause-china |url-status=live }}</ref>

Stocks surged within minutes of the pause announcement, with the S&P 500 rising 9.52% for its largest one-day gain since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Hakyung |last2=Melloy |first2=John |date=April 8, 2025 |title=Dow surges 2,900 points, S&P 500 posts biggest gain since 2008 on Trump tariff reversal: Live updates |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/08/stock-market-today-live-updates-.html |access-date=April 11, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410121517/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/08/stock-market-today-live-updates-.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Eshe |last2=Rennison |first2=Joe |last3=Davis |first3=River Akira |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Stocks Surge as Trump Announces a Delay to Global Tariffs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/08/business/trump-tariffs-stock-markets.html |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=The New York Times |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409024738/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/08/business/trump-tariffs-stock-markets.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

To terminate a national emergency under the NEA, a member of Congress may file a privileged resolution requiring their [[Legislative chamber|chamber]] to vote on the topic within 15 days. In May 2025, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] representatives introduced resolutions to end several of Trump's national emergencies justifying tariffs, but these efforts were blocked by the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] congressional majority.<ref name="Li">{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Jasmine |title=Senate Effort to Repeal Trump's 'Liberation Day' Tariffs Fails |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/senate-effort-to-repeal-trumps-liberation-day-tariffs-fails-95cd5388 |access-date=May 2, 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502022922/https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/senate-effort-to-repeal-trumps-liberation-day-tariffs-fails-95cd5388 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Michel |last2=Manuel |first2=Obed |date=March 5, 2025 |title=Senate to Vote on Trump's Proposed Tariffs on Canada, China, and Mexico |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/05/nx-s1-5317682/trump-tariffs-canada-china-mexico-senate-vote |access-date=March 11, 2025 |publisher=NPR |archive-date=March 12, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312060948/https://www.npr.org/2025/03/05/nx-s1-5317682/trump-tariffs-canada-china-mexico-senate-vote |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Desrochers |first1=Daniel |last2=Lee Hill |first2=Meredith |last3=Palmer |first3=Doug |date=March 11, 2025 |title=House Republicans Move to Block Vote on Trump's Tariffs |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/11/congress/house-republicans-move-to-block-vote-on-trumps-tariffs-00223947 |work=Politico}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Erickson |first=Bo |date=March 11, 2025 |title=House Republicans Block Congress' Ability to Challenge Trump Tariffs |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/house-republicans-block-congress-ability-challenge-trump-tariffs-2025-03-11/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |publisher=Reuters |archive-date=January 2, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260102093038/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/house-republicans-block-congress-ability-challenge-trump-tariffs-2025-03-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Emily |date=March 11, 2025 |title=House GOP, Democrats Clash Over Repealing Trump Tariffs |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5189410-house-gop-democrats-repealing-trump-tariffs/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |work=The Hill |archive-date=May 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521224034/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5189410-house-gop-democrats-repealing-trump-tariffs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[JD Vance]] cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate to uphold the emergency underpinning the [[Liberation Day tariffs]].<ref name="Li" />

In May 2025, several countries initiated disputes regarding Trump's tariffs with the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO), a regulator of [[international trade]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. agrees to WTO talks with China, Canada over tariffs, invokes national security |url=https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/us-agrees-wto-talks-china-canada-over-tariffs-invokes-national-security |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=InsideTrade.com |archive-date=May 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511133800/https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/us-agrees-wto-talks-china-canada-over-tariffs-invokes-national-security |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Jenni |date=May 8, 2025 |title=EU to launch dispute against U.S. tariffs as it sets out 95 billion euros in countermeasures |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/08/european-union-dispute-against-us-tariffs-world-trade-organization.html |access-date=May 9, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509001810/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/08/european-union-dispute-against-us-tariffs-world-trade-organization.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the United States [[Dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization#Paralyzation|has de facto paralyzed]] the WTO since 2019 by blocking new appointments to its [[Appellate Body]] and therefore, no final rulings can be made.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Reset of the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body |url=https://www.cfr.org/report/reset-world-trade-organizations-appellate-body |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |archive-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507171452/https://www.cfr.org/report/reset-world-trade-organizations-appellate-body |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2025, the US notified the WTO that it would suspend contributions to its budget indefinitely. The US was set to provide about 11% of the WTO's $232 million 2024 budget, a fee based on the country's share of global trade.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farge |first=Emma |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Exclusive: US pauses financial contributions to WTO, trade sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-suspends-financial-contributions-wto-trade-sources-say-2025-03-27/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>

Markets continued to rise in after further policy rollbacks and the S&P 500 set a new all-time high on June 27, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2025 |title=S&P 500 hits an all-time high — rebounding to its level when Trump's second term began |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/sp-500-hits-new-all-time-high-what-to-know-rcna215221 |access-date=July 9, 2025 |publisher=NBC News |archive-date=July 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711000557/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/sp-500-hits-new-all-time-high-what-to-know-rcna215221 |url-status=live }}</ref> Analysts suggested Trump's threats had lost credibility and that [[Trump Always Chickens Out]].

The administration announced only three trade agreements by July. While negotiations took place, the tariffs were delayed again to August 7, when they finally took effect after modifications as a result of various trade agreements.<ref name="Hale" /><ref>{{cite web|date=August 7, 2025|title=Trump's broad tariffs go into effect, just as economic pain is surfacing |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/08/07/nx-s1-5495218/trump-tariffs-trade-economy |publisher=NPR |agency=Associated Press |access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=January 12, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112151508/https://www.npr.org/2025/08/07/nx-s1-5495218/trump-tariffs-trade-economy |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Legal challenges to IEEPA tariffs===
At least seven cases were filed in American federal courts challenging Trump's authority to impose tariffs under IEEPA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khardori |first=Ankush |date=May 1, 2025 |title=The Supreme Court Could Unleash Chaos on the Economy |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/05/01/trump-tariffs-injunction-supreme-court-00319135 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=Politico |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506194158/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/05/01/trump-tariffs-injunction-supreme-court-00319135 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Romm |first=Tony |date=April 27, 2025 |title=Trump's Tariffs Prompt Wave of Lawsuits as States and Businesses Fight Back |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/27/us/politics/trump-tariffs-lawsuits.html |access-date=May 7, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507171452/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/27/us/politics/trump-tariffs-lawsuits.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Central to each case is the argument that the imposition of tariffs, in the absence of clear congressional authorization, may constitute an overextension of executive power into areas that are traditionally reserved for the legislative branch.<ref name="Mangan">{{Cite web |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=April 23, 2025 |title=Dozen states sue Trump in bid to block new tariffs |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/23/states-sue-trump-in-bid-to-block-new-tariffs.html |access-date=April 30, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429045846/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/23/states-sue-trump-in-bid-to-block-new-tariffs.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gottlieb">{{Cite web |last=Gottlieb |first=Isabel |date=April 17, 2025 |title=The Legal Arguments Challenging Trump's Tariffs: Explained |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/in-house-counsel/the-legal-arguments-challenging-trumps-tariffs-explained |access-date=April 29, 2025 |website=bloomberglaw.com |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429045846/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/in-house-counsel/the-legal-arguments-challenging-trumps-tariffs-explained |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PC2">{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=A CEO with 500 workers explains why he's suing Trump over tariffs: "This path is catastrophic" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tariffs-economy-trump-ceo-lawsuit-learning-resources-ceo-rick-woldenberg/ |access-date=April 30, 2025 |publisher=CBS News |archive-date=April 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430030414/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tariffs-economy-trump-ceo-lawsuit-learning-resources-ceo-rick-woldenberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Several complaints invoke the [[nondelegation doctrine]], asserting that the IEEPA, as applied, grants the executive branch an excessively broad scope of discretion. In addition to constitutional claims, the cases highlight significant economic consequences for states, businesses, and individuals, emphasizing the potential for such executive action to set a precedent for expansive policymaking beyond the intended purpose of emergency economic legislation.<ref name="Mangan" /><ref name="Gottlieb" /><ref name="PC2" />

In May 2025, the [[United States Court of International Trade]] (CIT) issued a summary judgement for ''V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. United States'' and ''Oregon v. Department of Homeland Security'' and ruled Trump had exceeded his authority under the IEEPA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalljee |first=Jason |date=May 29, 2025 |title=What to know about the court that paused Trump's tariffs |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/29/trump-tariffs-blocked-court-vos-selections |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=Axios (website) |archive-date=June 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601103727/https://www.axios.com/2025/05/29/trump-tariffs-blocked-court-vos-selections |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |last2=Palmer |first2=Doug |date=May 28, 2025 |title=Federal court strikes down Trump's April 2 tariffs |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/28/federal-court-strikes-down-trumps-april-2-tariffs-00373843 |access-date=May 28, 2025 |website=[[Politico]] |archive-date=May 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529002442/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/28/federal-court-strikes-down-trumps-april-2-tariffs-00373843 |url-status=live }}</ref> The CIT found the IEEPA tariffs "illegal because the triggering emergency (fentanyl trafficking and trade deficits) bore no rational connection to the trade measures imposed."<ref name="Engelland">{{Cite web |last=Engelland |first=Bryce |date=August 4, 2025 |title=What's the status of tariff litigation, and where may things go from here? |url=https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/corporates/tariff-litigation/ |access-date=August 7, 2025 |website=Thomson Reuters Institute |archive-date=August 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805034859/https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/corporates/tariff-litigation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In ''[[Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump]]'', a Washington D.C. district court went further by holding that the IEEPA does not authorize tariffs at all.<ref name="Engelland" /> The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit]] upheld the CIT's decision in August 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Breuninger |first1=Kevin |last2=Mangan |first2=Dan |date=August 29, 2025 |title=Most Trump tariffs ruled illegal by appeals court, dealing major blow to trade policy |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/29/trump-trade-tariffs-appeals-court-ieepa.html|publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=January 28, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260128091135/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/29/trump-trade-tariffs-appeals-court-ieepa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The rulings were [[Stay of proceedings|stayed]] pending appeal, allowing the tariffs to temporarily remain in effect until the Supreme Court issued a final decision.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schonfeld |first=Zach |date=June 17, 2025 |title=Supreme Court called on to take up legality of Trump's tariffs |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/5355207-supreme-court-trump-tariffs-legality/ |access-date=June 17, 2025 |work=The Hill |archive-date=June 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618025737/https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/5355207-supreme-court-trump-tariffs-legality/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Supreme Court consolidated ''V.O.S. Selections'' and ''Learning Resources'' into a single case and heard oral arguments in November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2025 |title=Supreme Court Schedules a Quick Showdown on Tariffs |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/supreme-court-schedules-a-quick-showdown-on-tariffs/ |access-date=September 10, 2025 |website=National Review |archive-date=September 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911160635/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/supreme-court-schedules-a-quick-showdown-on-tariffs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2026, the Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, affirmed the decision of the appeals court that Trump's use of emergency powers to enact the tariffs under IEEPA was not legal.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-tariffs-decision-trump/ | title=Supreme Court strikes down Trump tariffs in major setback for economic agenda | first=Melissa | last=Quinn | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=February 20, 2026}}</ref> The government collected an estimated $166 billion in IEEPA tariffs, later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, from more than 330,000 businesses that was required to be refunded.<ref name=refund>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/business/tariff-refund-system-launches-thousands-companies-file-claims-2026-04-20/ | title=Tariff refund system launches as thousands of companies file claims | first1=Timothy | last1=Aeppel | first2=Nicholas P. | last2=Brown | first3=David | last3=Lawder | editor-first1=Daniel J. | editor-last1=Burns | editor-first2=Deepa | editor-last2=Babington | work=[[Reuters]] | date=April 22, 2026}}</ref> In April 2026, [[US Customs and Border Protection]] (CBP) launched the Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries, or CAPE, portal to allow for companies to submit requests for tariff refund claims.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-file-for-tariff-refund/ |last=Cerullo |first=Megan |title=Trump administration launches tariff refund portal. Here's what to know | work=[[CBS News]] |date=2026-04-20}}</ref>

==Closure of the ''de minimis'' exemption==
{{collapse top |bg=#cfc |title=Click at right to show/hide "front page of Executive Order 14256" }}
{{Infobox U.S. presidential document
| executiveorder = 14256
| type = Executive order
| documentimage = Executive Order 14256.pdf
| longtitle = Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports
| signedpresident = [[Donald Trump]]
| signeddate = April 2, 2025
| summary =
| documentcaption = Front page of Executive Order 14256
| documentnumber = 2025-06063
| publicationdate = April 7, 2025
| name = Executive Order 14256
}}
{{collapse bottom}}
The [[Duty-free de minimis rule for United States imports|''de minimis'' exemption waived tariffs]] on packages valued under $800 to reduce administrative burdens.

On Liberation Day, President Donald Trump also signed Executive Order 14256, which eliminated the ''de minimis'' exemption for imports from China and [[Hong Kong]],<ref name="Jun" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cerullo|first=Megan|date=May 13, 2025 |title=A "de minimis" tariff exemption expires Friday. Here's what that means for shoppers. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/de-minimis-exemption-end-date-tariff/|publisher=CBS News|access-date=January 31, 2026 |archive-date=July 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727122425/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/de-minimis-exemption-end-date-tariff/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Executive Order 14257, which directed the United States to end the ''de minimis'' exemption globally once customs infrastructure was capable of doing so.<ref name="Garland">{{Cite web |last=Garland |first=Max |title=De minimis shipping from China ending in May, other countries at risk |url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/de-minimis-china-trump-elimination-tariffs/744313/|work=[[Industry Dive]] |date=April 2, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133944/https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/de-minimis-china-trump-elimination-tariffs/744313/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 4, 2025, Trump signed the [[One Big Beautiful Bill Act]] which included a provision to eliminate the ''de minimis'' exemption for all countries beginning on July 1, 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=De minimis exemption slated to end in 2027 |url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/de-minimis-ends-trump-big-beautiful-bill/751935/ |access-date=July 7, 2025 |work=[[Industry Dive]] |archive-date=August 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825000624/https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/de-minimis-ends-trump-big-beautiful-bill/751935/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A few weeks later, Trump imposed an earlier deadline by signing Executive Order 14324. This order, which cited the IEEPA, ended the ''de minimis'' exemption globally on August 29, 2025.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Palmer|first1=Annie|title=Trump ends de minimis exemption for global low-cost goods|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/30/trump-de-minimis-shipping.html|publisher=CNBC|date=July 30, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 28, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260128180733/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/30/trump-de-minimis-shipping.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Although the Supreme Court invalidated Trump's authority to impose other tariffs under the IEEPA on February 20, 2026, Trump issued an executive order arguing the ruling did not apply to the ''de minimis'' exemption and stating it would remain closed.<ref name="Tobin" />

== Timeline of key events and negotiations ==
{{See also|Timeline of the 2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada|China–United States trade war#2025}}

=== January–March 2025 ===
Trump was inaugurated for a second term on January 20, 2025. In [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|his inaugural address]], he pledged to "immediately begin the overhaul of our trade system to protect American workers and families."<ref>{{cite web |date=January 20, 2025 |title=The Inaugural Address |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=The White House |publisher=Executive Office of the President |archive-date=February 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222024549/https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inaugural-address/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On February 1, 2025, he declared several "[[List of national emergencies in the United States|national emergencies]]" regarding [[fentanyl]] trafficking and invoked the [[IEEPA]] to impose 25% tariffs on most goods from Mexico and Canada and 10% on goods from China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horsley |first=Scott |date=February 1, 2025 |title=Trump imposes new tariffs on imports from Mexico, Canada and China in new phase of trade war |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/01/g-s1-46010/trump-tariffs-mexico-canada-and-china-imports |access-date=February 2, 2025 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Tariffs on [[USMCA]]-compliant Mexican and Canadian goods were quickly suspended,<ref name="Green" /> but the "fentanyl tariff" on Chinese goods was raised to 20% on March 4.<ref>{{cite news|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=February 27, 2025|title=Trump says Mexico, Canada tariffs will start March 4, plus additional 10% on China|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/27/trump-says-mexico-canada-tariffs-will-start-march-4-plus-additional-10percent-on-china.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=July 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723160502/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/27/trump-says-mexico-canada-tariffs-will-start-march-4-plus-additional-10percent-on-china.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On February 13, 2025, Trump announced plans to impose "reciprocal tariffs" on all countries with trade barriers against the US in April, prompting a wave of diplomatic outreach.<ref name="Sherman-2">{{cite news |last=Sherman |first=Natalie |date=February 13, 2025 |title=Trump launches plan to target countries with new tariffs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c360lle165ro |access-date=February 13, 2025 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |archive-date=February 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221195124/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c360lle165ro |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Brendan |date=March 24, 2025 |title=Trade Talks Ramp Up in Race to Avoid Trump's April 2 Tariffs |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-24/countries-race-to-avoid-trump-tariffs-in-final-sprint-to-april-2 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> Analysts and foreign governments expressed confusion over the administration's tariff strategies and openness to negotiation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2025 |title=U.S. drops 40% tariff on Brazilian products including coffee and beef |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/u-drops-40-tariff-brazilian-201325951.html |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=Yahoo News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2025 |title=Diplomats see 'mess' in Trump's trade strategy |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/11/trumps-tariff-trade-waiting-china-00287407 |access-date=May 8, 2025 |website=Politico |archive-date=May 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510013340/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/11/trumps-tariff-trade-waiting-china-00287407 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canada alleged that tariffs on its exports were intended to damage its economy and pressure [[Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States|annexation into the US]].<ref>{{cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=Trudeau says US wants to collapse Canada's economy with tariffs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89ye749nxvo |publisher=BBC |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-date=March 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304144654/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89ye749nxvo |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump and Navarro refused to negotiate with any country.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Morioka |first1=Kohei |last2=Kotegawa |first2=Taro |last3=Tajika |first3=Chinami |last4=Satomi |first4=Nen |date=April 4, 2025 |title=Japan plans extra steps to deal with tariffs, figure out Trump |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15697365 |access-date=April 4, 2025 |work=The Asahi Shimbum |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404115958/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15697365 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2025 |title=Vietnam's tariffs offer rejected by Trump adviser—"Not a negotiation" |url=https://www.newsweek.com/vietnam-offer-remove-tariff-trump-trade-peter-navarro-2056149 |access-date=May 8, 2025 |website=Newsweek |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502084201/https://www.newsweek.com/vietnam-offer-remove-tariff-trump-trade-peter-navarro-2056149 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On March 12, 2025, the administration imposed 25% tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products.<ref name="Lawder-2025a">{{cite news |last1=Lawder |first1=David |last2=Shalal |first2=Andrea |last3=Renshaw |first3=Jarrett |date=March 12, 2025 |title=Trump's Steel and Aluminum Tariffs Take Effect as U.S.-Canada Trade War Intensifies |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/trumps-steel-aluminum-tariffs-take-effect-us-canada-trade-war-intensifies-2025-03-12/ |access-date=March 12, 2025 |publisher=Reuters |archive-date=July 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723165136/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/trumps-steel-aluminum-tariffs-take-effect-us-canada-trade-war-intensifies-2025-03-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref> First-quarter US GDP fell -.05%, but investors attributed the decline to a rush to import goods before tariffs took effect rather than to underlying weakness.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCormick |first1=Myles |last2=Jones |first2=Claire |date=July 28, 2025 |title=US and eurozone economies slow sharply in second quarter |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b9f739a7-d515-4371-8f7f-5e19aa96e1a4 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>

=== April–June 2025 ===
[[File:UStariffsJantoJune2025.png|thumb|A timeline of the US average effective tariff rate from January 2025 through June 2025, based on calculations by employees of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond]]]]
On April 2, 2025, a day he called "Liberation Day", Trump declared a national emergency regarding the national trade deficit and announced "reciprocal tariffs" on all countries not subject to other sanctions. A minimum 10% tariff on almost all US imports took effect on April 5.<ref name="Pichee">{{Cite web |last=Pichee |first=Aimee |date=April 2, 2025 |title=Trump reveals these 2 new types of tariffs on what he calls "Liberation Day," April 2 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liberation-day-trump-tariffs-explained/ |access-date=April 2, 2025 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |archive-date=January 7, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107072820/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liberation-day-trump-tariffs-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Panic induced by the announcement led to the [[2025 stock market crash]] and new country-specific tariffs, planned for April 9, were paused for 90 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutzler |first=Alexandra |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Trump explains dramatic reversal on tariffs: People getting 'a little bit afraid' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-explains-dramatic-reversal-tariffs-people-bit-afraid/story?id=120651386 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=ABC News |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409233919/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-explains-dramatic-reversal-tariffs-people-bit-afraid/story?id=120651386 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 14, 2025 |title=UN trade agency urges US to exclude poor states from tariffs |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/un-trade-agency-urges-us-exclude-poor-states-tariffs-2025-04-14/ |access-date=May 8, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> However, after a retaliatory spiral, US tariffs on Chinese goods were increased to 145% while Chinese tariffs on US goods were increased to 125%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bao |first1=Anniek |date=April 11, 2025 |title=China strikes back with 125% tariffs on U.S. goods as trade war intensifies |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/11/china-strikes-back-with-125percent-tariffs-on-us-goods-starting-april-12.html |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 28, 2025 |access-date=April 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428224001/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/11/china-strikes-back-with-125percent-tariffs-on-us-goods-starting-april-12.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Steel and aluminum tariffs, a 25% tariff on automobiles imposed April 3, and other sector-specific duties also remained.<ref name="Lalljee" /> ''[[Politico]]'' estimated that despite the 90 day pause, the remaining tariffs brought the average applied US tariff rate to 27%–the highest level in over a century.<ref name="Reddy" />

CEOs of major US retailers warned Trump that the trade war with China would lead to visible price increases and product shortages by mid-May.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berkowitz|first=Ben|date=April 23, 2025|title=Trump deploys abrupt tone shift amid market slump|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/04/23/trump-economy-tariffs-china-powell|access-date=April 27, 2025|website=Axios (website)|last2=Caputo|first2=Marc|archive-date=April 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427135903/https://www.axios.com/2025/04/23/trump-economy-tariffs-china-powell|url-status=live}}</ref> The first cargo ships carrying Chinese goods tariffed at 145% arrived on May 6 with shipments cut in half.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Goldman |first1=David |last2=Wallace |first2=Alicia |last3=Yurkevich |first3=Vanessa |last4=Watt |first4=Nick |date=May 6, 2025 |title=The first boats carrying Chinese goods with 145% tariffs are arriving in LA. Shipments are cut in half. Expect shortages soon |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/06/business/tariffs-price-increases-shortages-ports |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=May 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513193223/https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/06/business/tariffs-price-increases-shortages-ports |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump reportedly pivoted his focus toward negotiation, sidelining Navarro and promoting [[Scott Bessent]] as his lead economic advisor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2025 |title=Trade shake-up: Bessent leads on trade as Lutnick plays 'bad cop' — and Navarro is sidelined |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/10/bessent-trade-lutnick-navarro-shakeup-00284597 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |website=Politico |archive-date=April 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428093124/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/10/bessent-trade-lutnick-navarro-shakeup-00284597 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Good cops, bad cops - how Trump's tariff team kept world guessing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czx4ynxx1nzo |access-date=May 7, 2025 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506101254/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czx4ynxx1nzo |url-status=live }}</ref>

By the end of June 2025, the US had only signed a deal with the UK and a 90-day temporary deal with China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duane Morris LLP - Vietnam Becomes the Third Country to Enter into a Trade Deal with the United States: Understanding the Opportunities and Challenges Created by the Three Trade Deals |url=https://www.duanemorris.com/alerts/vietnam_becomes_third_country_enter_trade_deal_united_states_understanding_opportunities_0725.html |access-date=July 8, 2025 |website=duanemorris.com |archive-date=July 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708141346/https://www.duanemorris.com/alerts/vietnam_becomes_third_country_enter_trade_deal_united_states_understanding_opportunities_0725.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Under terms expiring November 9, as extended, China lowered tariffs on US goods to 10% and resumed exports of [[rare-earth element]]s, while the US lowered its tariff on Chinese goods to 30% (10% baseline + 20% fentanyl) and cut ''de minimis'' tariffs to 54%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lalljee|first=Jason|date=May 12, 2025|title=China trade deal: White House partially cuts tariffs on Shein, Temu packages|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/12/china-trade-deal-shein-temu-trump|access-date=May 13, 2025|website=Axios (website)|first2=Brown|last2=Courtenay|archive-date=May 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513011308/https://www.axios.com/2025/05/12/china-trade-deal-shein-temu-trump|url-status=live}}</ref>

Trump reduced some of his tariffs that preceded the [[2025 stock market crash]], inspiring the phrase "[[Trump Always Chickens Out]]." The stock market subsequently reached new highs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Armstrong|first=Robert|date=May 2, 2025|title=The US market's surprise comeback|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e81ae481-fbb6-47e7-bd6b-c7d76ca5ab69|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502211948/https://www.ft.com/content/e81ae481-fbb6-47e7-bd6b-c7d76ca5ab69|archive-date=May 2, 2025|work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 29, 2025|title=A 2-month rally pushed the stock market to record highs - but watch for these risks in July|url=https://www.morningstar.com/news/marketwatch/20250629147/a-2-month-rally-pushed-the-stock-market-to-record-highs-but-watch-for-these-risks-in-july|work=[[Morningstar, Inc.]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133123/https://www.morningstar.com/news/marketwatch/20250629147/a-2-month-rally-pushed-the-stock-market-to-record-highs-but-watch-for-these-risks-in-july|url-status=live}}</ref>

On June 4, 2025, Trump doubled the tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from 25% to 50%,<ref name="signs2">{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2025 |title=Trump signs executive order raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to 50% |url=https://abc7ny.com/post/trump-signs-executive-order-raising-tariffs-steel-aluminum-imports-50/16647461/ |access-date=June 5, 2025 |website=ABC7 New York |archive-date=June 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603213514/https://abc7ny.com/post/trump-signs-executive-order-raising-tariffs-steel-aluminum-imports-50/16647461/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on June 12, he expanded them to include household appliances like refrigerators and dishwashers.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |date=June 12, 2025 |title=Home appliances swept up in expansion of Trump steel tariffs |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/home-appliances-swept-up-expansion-trump-steel-tariffs-2025-06-12/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>

US GDP rebounded to 3.8% in the second quarter of 2025 as imports normalized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mena |first=Bryan |date=September 25, 2025 |title=The US economy grew at a 3.8% rate in the second quarter, significantly stronger than previously reported |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/25/economy/us-gdp-q2-final |access-date=September 25, 2025 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

=== July–September 2025 ===
On August 1, 2025, the [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] released revised data showing a sharp slowdown in hiring, which some attributed to [[policy uncertainty]] caused by tariffs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sainato |first=Michael |date=August 1, 2025 |title=US adds just 73,000 jobs in July amid pressure from Trump's trade war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/aug/01/jobs-report-july-trump-tariffs-trade-war |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Trump dismissed the data as "rigged" and fired the BLS Commissioner.<ref name="Murray">{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Isabella |title=Fact check: Trump's claims jobless numbers were 'rigged'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/fact-check-trumps-claims-jobless-numbers-rigged/story?id=124353890|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=August 5, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 16, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116132530/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/fact-check-trumps-claims-jobless-numbers-rigged/story?id=124353890|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump also called for the removal of [[Federal Reserve]] Chairman [[Jerome Powell]], who had warned that tariffs could fuel inflation and resisted Trump's calls to cut the [[federal funds rate]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Trump fires labor statistics boss hours after the release of weak jobs report |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-orders-firing-bls-commissioner-weak-jobs-report-rcna222531 |access-date=August 3, 2025 |publisher=NBC News |archive-date=August 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802204530/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-orders-firing-bls-commissioner-weak-jobs-report-rcna222531 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Country-specific [[Liberation Day tariffs]] were postponed and changed several times before finally taking effect on August 7.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Zakrzewski |first1=Cat |last2=Allison |first2=Natalie |last3=Marimow |first3=Ann |last4=Hax |first4=Carolyn |last5=Will |first5=George F. |last6=Stein |first6=Jeff |date=July 9, 2025 |title=Trump combats TACO reputation as White House extends tariff deadline |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/09/trump-tariffs-taco-deadline-delay/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Hale">{{Cite web |last1=Hale |first1=Erin |last2=McCready |first2=Alastair |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Trump sets new tariffs on dozens of countries' exports |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/1/trump-sets-new-tariffs-on-dozens-of-countries-exports |access-date=August 1, 2025 |publisher=Al Jazeera |archive-date=August 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801003255/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/1/trump-sets-new-tariffs-on-dozens-of-countries-exports |url-status=live }}</ref>

Trump notified foreign governments of adjustments to their [[Liberation Day tariffs]] rates in a series of letters.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |date=July 7, 2025 |title=Trump's Trade Deals, Negotiations, and New Tariffs for Each Country |url=https://time.com/7300389/trump-trade-deals-tariff-letters-deadline/ |access-date=July 8, 2025 |magazine=Time |archive-date=July 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707204146/https://time.com/7300389/trump-trade-deals-tariff-letters-deadline/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In one letter to Brazil, he threatened a 50% tariff while denouncing charges against [[Jair Bolsonaro]], an ally facing trial for the [[2022 Brazilian coup plot]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=July 9, 2025 |title=Brazil will respond to Trump's 50% tariff with 'reciprocity,' says da Silva |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/09/trump-brazil-tariffs-bolsonaro.html |access-date=July 10, 2025 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref> On July 30, Trump declared Brazil's actions a US "national emergency" and imposed an additional 40% tariff on top of a 10% "reciprocal" tariff.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |date=July 30, 2025 |title=Brazil faces 50 percent tariff from Trump linked to Bolsonaro trial |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5428299-brazil-trump-tariffs-trade-war-bolsonaro/ |access-date=July 30, 2025 |work=The Hill |archive-date=July 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250730203609/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5428299-brazil-trump-tariffs-trade-war-bolsonaro/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2025, Trump ordered an additional 25% tariff on imports from [[India]], intended to penalize [[India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|India for purchasing Russian oil]].<ref name="Doherty-2" /><ref name="Open">{{Cite web |last=Ping |first=Yeo Boon |date=July 31, 2025 |title=CNBC Daily Open: Is India the first to face Trump's 'secondary' tariff on Russia? |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/31/cnbc-daily-open-is-india-first-to-face-trumps-secondary-tariff-on-russia.html |access-date=August 6, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=August 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806154956/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/31/cnbc-daily-open-is-india-first-to-face-trumps-secondary-tariff-on-russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Beginning August 27, 2025, Indian exports faced an extra 25% tariff and a total baseline tariff of 50%.<ref name="Doherty-2">{{Cite web |last=Doherty |first=Erin |date=August 6, 2025 |title=Trump raises India tariffs to 50% over Russian oil purchases |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/06/trump-trade-india-tariffs-russia.html |access-date=August 6, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=August 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806141349/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/06/trump-trade-india-tariffs-russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Inamdar">{{Cite web |last=Inamdar |first=Nikhil |date=February 3, 2026 |title=India-US trade deal: Hope and uncertainty as Trump cuts tariffs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpwnlwj80p8o |access-date=February 3, 2026 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Trump withdrew the tariff in February 2026 after several Indian oil companies agreed to stop buying Russian oil unless absolutely necessary or unless related to the fulfillment of previously agreed to contracts.<ref name="Inamdar" /><ref name="o619">{{cite web | title=India to restrict Russian oil buy, import only where supplies are irreplaceable: Sources | website=The Tribune | date=February 3, 2026 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/india-to-restrict-russian-oil-buy-import-only-where-supplies-are-irreplaceable-sources/amp | access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reed |first1=John |title=India hails Donald Trump 'deal' but ducks discussing Russian oil ban |url=https://www.ft.com/content/aaa9b02a-584a-43c4-8cba-f3b5409e1bf5|date=February 3, 2026|access-date=February 6, 2026 |work=Financial Times |first2=Andres |last2=Schipani |last3=Kaushik |first3=Krishn |last4=Smyth |first4=Jamie}}</ref>

=== October–December 2025 ===
On October 1, 2025, new tariffs on large trucks, cabinets, and furniture took effect. A 100% tariff on "any branded or patented" pharmaceutical product also began, unless the companies were building manufacturing plants in the US.<ref name="Jie">{{Cite news|last1=Jie|first1=Lim Hui|last2=Constantino|first2=Annika Kim|date=September 26, 2025|title=U.S. to impose 100% tariff on branded, patented drugs unless firms build plants locally, Trump says|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/26/us-to-impose-100percent-tariff-on-branded-patented-drugs-unless-firms-build-plants-locally-trump-says.html|publisher=[[CNBC]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 28, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260128053852/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/26/us-to-impose-100percent-tariff-on-branded-patented-drugs-unless-firms-build-plants-locally-trump-says.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 10, 2025, Trump made new threats against China, including an additional 100% tariff starting November 1, in retaliation of China's broadening of export controls on [[Rare earth industry in China|rare earths]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mangan |first1=Dan |date=October 10, 2025|title=Trump puts extra 100% tariff on China imports, adds export controls on 'critical software'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/10/trump-trade-tariffs-china-software.html|publisher=[[CNBC]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251227215341/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/10/trump-trade-tariffs-china-software.html|url-status=live}}</ref> China announced retaliatory measures.<ref name="Jun">{{Cite web |last=Jun |first=Kwanwoo |date=October 14, 2025 |title=China Adds Hanwha Ocean's Units to Sanctions List |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/china-adds-hanwha-oceans-units-to-sanctions-list-d99b1757 |access-date=October 14, 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=October 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015075152/https://www.wsj.com/business/china-adds-hanwha-oceans-units-to-sanctions-list-d99b1757 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, after meeting with [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP General Secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]] in South Korea on October 30, Trump announced the US would cut the "fentanyl tariff" on Chinese goods entering the US from 20% to 10% in return for soybean and other farm product purchases and easier access to rare earths. The US also was expected to suspend an expansion of export controls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald Trump lowers China tariffs and announces end to 'rare earths roadblock' after meeting Xi Jinping |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cd7ry3x0nvet |access-date=October 30, 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030022724/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cd7ry3x0nvet |url-status=live }}</ref> The trade deal lowered tariffs on Chinese goods to levels similar to or below those on other countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Swanson |first1=Ana |last4=City |first4=Ho Chi Minh |date=November 2, 2025 |title=Will Trump's Tariff Deal Tilt the Playing Field Back Toward China? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/02/business/economy/trump-tariff-deal-china.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=November 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103140709/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/02/business/economy/trump-tariff-deal-china.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On November 14, 2025, Trump exempted a variety of agricultural products from "reciprocal" tariffs or Brazilian tariffs after acknowledging domestic demand and lack of production capacity. Newly exempted products included coffee, tea, tropical fruits, cocoa, spices, bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and beef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States removes reciprocal tariffs on certain agricultural products |url=https://kpmg.com/us/en/taxnewsflash/news/2025/11/united-states-removes-reciprocal-tariffs-agricultural-products.html |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=kpmg.com}}</ref>

By December 2025, half of all US imports had been exempted from Trump's IEEPA tariffs, although some of the remaining were targeted by section 232 tariffs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2025 |title=Thousands of carve-outs and caveats are weakening Trump's emergency tariffs |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/14/trump-tariff-exemptions-us-imports-data-00685168 |access-date=January 20, 2026 |website=Politico |archive-date=December 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219143839/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/14/trump-tariff-exemptions-us-imports-data-00685168 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== January–March 2026 ===
On January 17, 2026, Trump threatened tariffs of up to 25% on goods from 8 European countries as part of the [[Greenland Crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boak |first=Josh |last2=Burrows |first2=Emma |last3=Niemann |first3=Daniel |date=January 17, 2026 |title=Trump says 8 European countries will face 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland|url=https://apnews.com/article/denmark-greenland-us-trump-4ad99ea3975a8b62d37bd04961feda55|access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=AP News |archive-date=January 17, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117123550/https://apnews.com/article/denmark-greenland-us-trump-4ad99ea3975a8b62d37bd04961feda55|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 21, 2026, he retracted the threat after saying he had reached "framework of a future deal" with NATO Secretary-General [[Mark Rutte]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2026 |title=Greenland Live Updates: Trump Calls Off Tariffs on Europe Over Danish Territory |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/greenland-trump-tariffs-trade-eu |access-date=January 21, 2026 |website=The Wall Street Journal |archive-date=January 20, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120221915/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/greenland-trump-tariffs-trade-eu |url-status=live }}</ref> Diplomatic talks began soon after.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobsen |first=Stine |last2=Gronholt-Pedersen |first2=Jacob |date=February 2, 2026 |title=Trump still aims for control of Greenland, its PM Nielsen warns |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/trump-still-aims-greenland-control-its-prime-minister-warns-2026-02-02/ |archive-url= |access-date=February 2, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

On February 2, 2026, Trump cut tariffs on Indian exports from 50% to 18% after several Indian oil companies agreed to stop buying Russian oil unless absolutely necessary or unless related to the fulfillment of previously agreed to contracts.<ref name="Inamdar" /><ref name="o619"/>

On February 10, 2026, House Republicans attempted to pass a resolution to extend the prohibition of the chamber from canceling Trump's tariffs, but failed after three House Republicans voted against the resolution, with Republican Representative [[Don Bacon]] who voted against the prohibition, stating that the Constitution places authority over taxes and tariffs with Congress for a reason.<ref name="Kyle">{{cite news |last1=Kyle |first1=Stewart |last2=Kyla |first2=Guilfoil |title=House votes to nix Trump's tariffs on Canada in rebuke of trade agenda |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-votes-end-trump-tariffs-canada-rcna258661 |publisher=NBC News |date=February 12, 2026 |language=en}}</ref> With the prohibition expired, on February 11, six House Republicans crossed party lines to vote to end Trump's tariffs on Canada; Trump said that he would veto the measure.<ref name="Kyle"/>

On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in ''[[Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump]]'' that the IEEPA does not grant the President authority to impose tariffs.<ref name="Fritze">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/02/20/politics/supreme-court-tariffs |first1=John | last1=Fritze | first2=Tierney | last2=Sneed | first3=Devan | last3=Cole | first4=Elisabeth |last4=Buchwald |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=February 20, 2026 |title=Supreme Court rules that Trump's sweeping emergency tariffs are illegal }}</ref> The government collected an estimated $166 billion in IEEPA tariffs, later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, from more than 330,000 businesses that was required to be refunded.<ref name=refund/>

After the decision of the Supreme Court, Trump announced a universal 10% tariff, to remain in effect for 150 days, until July 24, 2026, under [[Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974]] to replace the invalidated tariffs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoddard |first=Catherine |date=February 20, 2026 |title=Trump responds to Supreme Court striking down tariffs: 'Deeply disappointing' |url=https://www.fox4news.com/news/trump-responds-supreme-court-striking-down-tariffs-deeply-disappointing |access-date=February 20, 2026 |work=FOX Local |via=[[KDFW]] |language=en-US}}</ref> He also threatened to increase the tariff to 15%.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Shalal |first1=Andrea |last2=Ax |first2=Joseph |title=After court ruling, Trump says US global tariff rate will rise from 10% to 15% |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-says-he-will-raise-global-tariff-rate-10-15-2026-02-21/ |access-date=February 21, 2026 |work=Reuters |date=February 21, 2026}}</ref><ref name=global/> After a lawsuit, the [[United States Court of International Trade]] ruled that these tariffs are also illegal and the case is being appealed.<ref name=replacement>{{Cite news | url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/05/07/trade-court-rules-trumps-replacement-tariffs-illegal-00910828 | title=Trade court rules Trump's replacement tariffs illegal | first=Ari | last=Hawkins | work=[[Politico]] | date=May 7, 2026}}</ref>

Existing exemptions were maintained.<ref name=":1" /> Trump also issued an executive order to maintain the closure of the ''de minimis'' exemption under the IEEPA.<ref name="Tobin">{{Cite news |last=Tobin |first=Meaghan |date=February 21, 2026 |title=Trump Doubles Down on Closing Tax Loophole on Cheap Imports |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/21/business/trump-deminimis-loophole-closed.html |access-date=February 23, 2026 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Impacts ==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 650
| image1 = 2025- Manufacturing activity monthly (US).svg
| caption1 = Upon imposing the highest U.S. tariffs since the Great Depression (called "Liberation Day" in April 2025), Trump claimed that "jobs and factories will come roaring back". However, manufacturing employment declined every month for the rest of the year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=David J. |title=Trump's promised manufacturing boom is a bust so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/15/trump-manufacturing-jobs-tariffs/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 15, 2026}} Source credits: "Institute of Supply Management Purchasing Managers Index".</ref>
| image2 = 2025- Consumer Price Index - monthly.svg
| caption2 = Though Trump claimed in December 2025 that "[[inflation]] has stopped", the [[Consumer price index in the United States|consumer price index]] (CPI) began increasing in the months following his April 2025 announcement of tariffs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dale |first1=Daniel |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Analysis: How the White House is using misleading comparisons to make inflation sound better |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217063806/https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices |archive-date=December 17, 2025 |publisher=CNN}} ●{{nbsp}}Data from BLS: {{cite web |title=12-month percentage change, Consumer Price Index, selected categories |url=https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217065215/https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm |archive-date=December 17, 2025 |publisher=US Bureau of Labor Statistics}} ●{{nbsp}}Higher-precision data from Federal Reserve: {{cite web |title=Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average (CPIAUCSL) |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217070037/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz |archive-date=December 17, 2025 |publisher=US Federal Reserve, St. Louis office}}</ref>
| image3= 2025- Consumer sentiment (US).svg |caption3= Consumer sentiment declined during the early part of Trump's second term.<ref name=UMich_ConsumerSentiment>Data from {{cite web |title=Surveys of Consumers / Charts / Index of Consumer Sentiment |url=https://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/charts.html |publisher=University of Michigan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411031000/https://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/charts.html |archive-date=11 April 2026 |url-status=live}} (Download PDF chart, or download data in Excel spreadsheet.)</ref> The University of Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment reached a record low in April 2026.<ref name=Axios_20260411>{{cite news |last1=Irwin |first1=Neil |title=Consumers are in a foul, foul mood |url=https://www.axios.com/2026/04/10/consumers-michigan-economy-sentiment |work=Axios |date=11 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411040109/https://www.axios.com/2026/04/10/consumers-michigan-economy-sentiment |archive-date=11 April 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{multiple image
| total_width = 450
| image3 = 2025- US farm product exports to China.svg
| caption3 = Trump asserted tariffs on Chinese goods in February and April 2025, igniting a trade war that injected uncertainty as China turned to other sources.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Garza |first1=Frida |title=The consequences of Trump's war on climate in 7 charts / Trump's trade war hit U.S. farmers hard |url=https://grist.org/politics/the-consequences-of-trumps-war-on-climate-in-7-charts/ |magazine=Grist |date=January 21, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123222532/https://grist.org/politics/the-consequences-of-trumps-war-on-climate-in-7-charts/ |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |url-status=live}} ''Grist'' credits: "Source: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (GATS)"</ref>
| image4 = 2025- US Dollar Index.svg
| caption4 = In January 2026, the US dollar reached its lowest point in four years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index (DTWEXBGS) |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTWEXBGS |publisher=FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260127155853/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTWEXBGS |archive-date=January 27, 2026 |date=January 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> A lower dollar makes US goods less expensive abroad, but it also makes foreign products more expensive in the US and thus tends to increase inflation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sutton |first1=Sam |title=The dollar is sinking. Trump thinks it's great. |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/27/the-dollar-is-sinking-trump-thinks-its-great-00750307 |newspaper=Politico |date=January 27, 2026}}</ref>
}}

Studies have shown that the tariffs have increased expenses and reduced earnings for companies<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/how-united-states-is-eating-trumps-tariffs-2025-10-13/ |title=How the United States is eating Trump's tariffs |last=Canepa |first=Francesco |date=October 13, 2025 |last2=Schneider |first2=Howard |access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Popat" /><ref name="J.P. Morgan Chase" /><ref name="Al Jazeera" /> and have increased costs for households.<ref name="Popat" />

[[Goldman Sachs]] estimated that as of August 2025, tariff [[Tax incidence|incidence]] was paid 37% by US consumers, 51% by US businesses, and 9% by foreign exporters. About 3% was attributed to potential tariff evasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US businesses and consumers shoulder the bulk of tariff cost burden, Goldman Sachs finds |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/us-businesses-consumers-shoulder-bulk-tariff-cost-burden-goldman-sachs-finds |website=FOXBusiness|date=October 20, 2025|access-date=January 23, 2026|first=Eric|last=Revell|archive-date=January 16, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116080152/https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/us-businesses-consumers-shoulder-bulk-tariff-cost-burden-goldman-sachs-finds|url-status=live}}</ref> A study by the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]] estimated that in the first 11 months of 2025, between 6% and 14% of tariff costs were paid by foreign exporters.<ref name="Financial Times">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2026 |title=US consumers, business pay 90% of tariff costs, says Federal Reserve |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c4f886a1-1633-418c-b6b5-16f700f8bb0d |access-date=February 19, 2026 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Studies by the [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] and the [[Kiel Institute]] estimated that US consumers and businesses pay a total of 94% and 96% of the tariffs, respectively.<ref name="Financial Times" />

The promised growth in manufacturing jobs has not been realized.<ref name="Egan" />

The tariffs led to [[policy uncertainty]] and prompted a drop in consumer confidence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/11/nx-s1-5323098/trump-economy-uncertainty-tariffs-confidence |last=Neuman |first=Scott |title=As Trump downplays economic fears, this data shows people feel differently |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=March 11, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223134112/https://www.npr.org/2025/03/11/nx-s1-5323098/trump-economy-uncertainty-tariffs-confidence |url-status=live}}</ref> More than half of Americans blamed the Trump administration responsible for the rising cost of living<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/aug/01/trump-inflation-cost-of-living-poll |title=Trump to blame for high cost of living, Americans say in new poll|first=Michael|last=Sainato|work=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 1, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref> and disapproved of the Trump administration increasing tariffs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2025/08/14/how-americans-view-the-trump-administrations-tariff-policies-and-the-gops-budget-and-tax-bill/|title=3. How Americans view the Trump administration's tariff policies and the GOP's budget and tax bill|work=[[Pew Research Center]]|date=August 14, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 9, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260109131411/https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2025/08/14/how-americans-view-the-trump-administrations-tariff-policies-and-the-gops-budget-and-tax-bill/|url-status=live}}</ref> Corporate bankruptcies in the United States increased to the highest level since 2010.<ref name="Bankrupt" /><ref name="Bankrupt-aol" /><ref name="Wallace" />

The tariffs have led to a sharp reduction in the exports of U.S. crops due to retaliatory tariffs by other countries, particularly China, leading to many bankruptcies of U.S. farms; the impact has been partially mitigated by the [[Trump administration farmer bailouts]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/25/business/china-soybean-sales-farmers.html|title=China Bought $12.6 Billion in U.S. Soybeans Last Year. Now, It's $0.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 25, 2025|url-access=limited|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 15, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115095024/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/25/business/china-soybean-sales-farmers.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, although many economists and economic research bodies predicted slower growth and even a possible [[recession]] due to the tariffs, U.S. [[GDP]] has continued to grow, which partially has been attributed to backtracking by Trump off of the initial high tariff rates.<ref name="Miller" /><ref name="Sargen" /> There has also been no definitive indication of a significant aggregate effect on the labor market so far; however, industries most exposed to tariffs show some signs of weakness relative to the pre-2025 trend.<ref name=tracking/>

==Summary table==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="5" |Enacted US tariffs
|-
! colspan="5" |Section 122 tariffs
|-
! Tariff!! Effective !! Status !! Notes !! {{Reference column heading}}
|-
| 10% universal tariff on all countries
| 20 February 2026
| {{yes|In effect}}
| Expire on 20 July 2026 unless confirmed by Congress
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/imposing-a-temporary-import-surcharge-to-address-fundamental-international-payments-problems/|title=Imposing a Temporary Import Surcharge to Address Fundamental International Payments Problems}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |Section 232 tariffs
|-
! Tariff!! Effective !! Status !! Notes !! {{Reference column heading}}
|-
|50% tariff on steel<ref>{{cite web |date=February 18, 2025 |title=Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/18/2025-02833/adjusting-imports-of-steel-into-the-united-states |access-date=April 3, 2025 |website=Federal Register |archive-date=July 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728120643/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/18/2025-02833/adjusting-imports-of-steel-into-the-united-states |url-status=live }}</ref> and aluminum<ref>{{cite web |date=February 18, 2025 |title=Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/18/2025-02832/adjusting-imports-of-aluminum-into-the-united-states |access-date=April 3, 2025 |website=Federal Register |archive-date=April 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402230304/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/18/2025-02832/adjusting-imports-of-aluminum-into-the-united-states |url-status=live }}</ref> products
|March 12, 2025;
Increased June 4, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}
|
* On April 4, 2025, the aluminum tariff expanded to include canned beer and empty aluminum cans.<ref name="Lucas" /><ref>{{Federal Register|90|14786}}</ref>
* On June 4, 2025, tariffs doubled from 25% to 50%.<ref name="signs2" />
* On June 23, 2025, steel tariffs expanded to include household appliances like washing machines and refrigerators.<ref name="Reuters" />
* On August 19, 2025, tariffs expanded to include 407 additional products including construction materials and furniture.<ref name="Doherty" />
|<ref name="Sherman" />
|-
|50% tariff on copper
|August 1, 2025
|{{Yes|In effect}}
|
* Applies to semi-finished and copper intensive items such as pipes and electrical components.
* Excludes raw input material copper cathode, copper ores, concentrates and scraps.
|<ref name="Loh" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Jenni |date=July 31, 2025 |title=Trump's 50% copper tariff includes a major exemption. That won't halt price rises |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/31/why-us-copper-tariff-exemption-wont-fully-ease-price-rises.html |access-date=August 1, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=August 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801015856/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/31/why-us-copper-tariff-exemption-wont-fully-ease-price-rises.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|25% tariff on automobiles and auto parts
|April 3, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}
|
*Reduced to 10% for UK; 15% for Japan, South Korea and EU.<ref name="TariffActions">{{Cite web |title=Presidential 2025 Tariff Actions: Timeline and Status |url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R48549 |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=congress.gov |archive-date=January 17, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117164152/https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R48549 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Auto parts were added on May 3, 2025. Parts compliant with the USMCA were excluded.<ref name="Confirms" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boak |first=Josh |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Trump places 25% tariff on imported autos, expecting to raise $100 billion in tax revenues |url=https://apnews.com/article/autos-tariffs-trump-tax-imports-ford-gm-e53823ef7bbb7b3c46d11eca90aaa638 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=July 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723033011/https://apnews.com/article/autos-tariffs-trump-tax-imports-ford-gm-e53823ef7bbb7b3c46d11eca90aaa638 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|100% tariff on brand name pharmaceuticals
|October 1, 2025|| {{maybe|Partially in effect}}
|
* Excludes products from companies owning or building manufacturing plants inside the US.
* On December 1, 2025, the UK reached a deal for 0% tariffs on their medical exports.<ref name="AP News">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2025 |title=UK will increase its spending on medicine under a zero-tariff deal with the US |url=https://apnews.com/article/uk-us-pharmaceuticals-tariff-deal-ea38985e971bf9aedd73f9def7985462 |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=AP News |archive-date=January 8, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108234858/https://apnews.com/article/uk-us-pharmaceuticals-tariff-deal-ea38985e971bf9aedd73f9def7985462 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref name="Luhby" />
|-
|10% tariff on timber and lumber
|October 14, 2025||{{Yes|In effect}}
|
|<ref name="KitchenC">{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2025 |title=Trump tariffs on kitchen cabinets and timber come into force |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ced61d1y6yyo |access-date=January 18, 2026 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB |archive-date=December 12, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044623/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ced61d1y6yyo |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|30% tariff on upholstered wooden products and 50% on cabinets and vanities
|October 14, 2025; Increased January 1, 2026
|{{Yes|In effect}}
|
* Duties rose from 25% on January 1, 2026.
|<ref name="KitchenC" />
|-
|25% tariff on trucks and 10% tariff on busses
|November 1, 2025
|{{Yes|In effect}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ludwikowski |first=Mark R. |last2=Quesada |first2=Laura M. |date=November 10, 2025 |title=Truck tariffs signal a broader U.S. supply-chain rebuild |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/truck-tariffs-signal-broader-us-supply-chain-rebuild--pracin-2025-11-10/ |access-date=January 17, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |IEEPA tariffs
|-
|Global ''de minimis'' exemption closure
|August 29, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|See {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|De minimis exemption closure|nopage=yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=POLITICO Pro: Trump moves to end de-minimis 'loophole' for all countries |url=https://subscriber.politicopro.com/article/2025/07/trump-moves-to-end-de-minimis-loophole-on-all-countries-00485513 |access-date=August 27, 2025 |website=subscriber.politicopro.com |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823112453/https://subscriber.politicopro.com/article/2025/07/trump-moves-to-end-de-minimis-loophole-on-all-countries-00485513 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|10% universal "reciprocal tariff" on all imported goods
|April 5, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|
* See {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|"Reciprocal" tariff policy|nopage=yes}}.
* Not applicable to {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|Excluded goods|nopage=yes}}.
|<ref name="Pichee" />
|-
|Country-specific "reciprocal tariffs"
|August 7, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|
*See {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|"Reciprocal" tariff policy|nopage=yes}}.
* Not applicable to {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|Excluded goods|nopage=yes}}.
* Implementation was delayed from April 9, 2025, to July 8, 2025,<ref name="Brown">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Courtenay |date=July 7, 2025 |title=Global trade is back in limbo |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/07/07/trump-tariffs-trade-war |access-date=July 8, 2025 |website=Axios (website) |archive-date=July 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708134507/https://www.axios.com/2025/07/07/trump-tariffs-trade-war |url-status=live }}</ref> and then again to August 7, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Trump formalizes high tariffs as he tries to reshape the global economy |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-sets-tariff-levels-reshapes-economy-rcna222387 |access-date=August 1, 2025 |publisher=NBC News |archive-date=August 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801010701/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-sets-tariff-levels-reshapes-economy-rcna222387 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref name="Sherman-2" />
|-
|30% tariff on all Chinese goods
|May 14, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|Total tariff of 30% includes:
* 20% "fentanyl tariff" (10% on February 4, 2025 + 10% on March 4, 2025)
* 10% universal tariff, not applicable to {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|Excluded goods|nopage=yes}}.
|<ref name="Marx" />
|-
|''De minimis'' exemption closure for China and Hong Kong
|May 3, 2025; Decreased May 12, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|See {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|De minimis exemption closure|nopage=yes}}. Tariff cut to 54% from 120% on May 14.<ref name="elated">{{Cite web|date=May 13, 2025|title=Chinese exporters elated by reprieve in US-China trade war|url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2025/05/13/chinese-exporters-elated-by-reprieve-in-us-china-trade-war/|website=The Malaysian Reserve|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=August 14, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814195541/https://themalaysianreserve.com/2025/05/13/chinese-exporters-elated-by-reprieve-in-us-china-trade-war/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2025 |title=Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Discussions with the People's Republic of China |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/05/modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-to-reflect-discussions-with-the-peoples-republic-of-china/ |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=The White House |archive-date=May 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513005224/https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/05/modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-to-reflect-discussions-with-the-peoples-republic-of-china/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref name="Garland" />
|-
|145% tariff on all imports from China
|February 4, 2025; Increased March 4, 2025; Increased April 9, 2025; Paused May 14, 2025
|{{No|Paused,<ref name=elated/> then struck down}}
|Total tariff of 145% includes:
* 20% "fentanyl tariff" (10% on February 4, 2025 + 10% on March 4, 2025)
* 125% "reciprocal tariff" (34% initial tariff + 50% retaliation<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Trump's sweeping new tariffs in effect, including 104% on goods from China |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tariffs-trump-in-effect-104-percent-china/ |access-date=April 10, 2025 |publisher=CBS News |archive-date=April 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410053042/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tariffs-trump-in-effect-104-percent-china/ |url-status=live }}</ref> + 41% retaliation).<ref name="Swanson" /> Not applicable to {{Section link|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|Excluded goods|nopage=yes}}.
On May 14, 2025, tariff was reduced to 30% for 90 days pending trade talks. The reduction expired November 9, 2025, as extended but an agreement was reached on November 1, 2025.<ref name="Marx">{{Cite news |last=Marx |first=Willem |date=May 12, 2025 |title=The U.S. and China announce a deal to cut tariffs, temporarily easing trade war |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/05/12/nx-s1-5395027/us-china-tariffs-deal-trade-war-beijing-washington |access-date=May 29, 2025 |publisher=[[NPR]] |archive-date=May 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529193444/https://www.npr.org/2025/05/12/nx-s1-5395027/us-china-tariffs-deal-trade-war-beijing-washington |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news|last=McCarthy|first=Simone|date=February 4, 2025|title=China announces trade retaliation against US|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/04/business/china-us-trade-retaliation-hnk-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=May 21, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521161549/https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/04/business/china-us-trade-retaliation-hnk-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mangan |first1=Dan |last2=Breuninger |first2=Kevin |last3=Pound |first3=Jesse |last4=Wilkie |first4=Christina |last5=Cassella |first5=Megan |last6=Doherty |first6=Erin |last7=Ellyatt |first7=Holly |date=April 2, 2025 |title=Trump's tariffs shock U.S. trade partners, sending Asian markets lower: Live updates |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/02/trump-tariffs-live-updates.html |access-date=April 3, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405003944/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/02/trump-tariffs-live-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mangan |first1=Dan |last2=Breuninger |first2=Kevin |last3=Cox |first3=Jeff |last4=Wilkie |first4=Christina |last5=Doherty |first5=Erin |last6=Iordache |first6=Ruxandra |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Trump raises China tariffs to 125% but announces 90-day pause for others: Live updates |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/09/trump-tariffs-live-updates.html |access-date=April 9, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409123726/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/09/trump-tariffs-live-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|40% tariff on imports from Brazil
|August 6, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|Imposed by [[Executive Order 14323]].
|<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Samantha Waldenberg |author2=Betsy Klein |author3=Ramishah Maruf |author4=John Towfighi |date=July 30, 2025 |title=Trump puts 50% tariffs on Brazil and copper while eliminating another tax loophole |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/30/politics/brazil-tariff-trump-executive-order |access-date=August 27, 2025 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-date=September 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911172149/https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/30/politics/brazil-tariff-trump-executive-order |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|25% secondary tariff on imports from India
|August 27, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|
* Imposed by [[Executive Order 14329]] as a penalty for [[India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|India's purchases of Russian oil]].
* Trump announced he would withdraw the tariff on February 2, 2026, but the terms and dates were not revealed.<ref name="Inamdar" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=US to levy another 25% tariff on India imports |url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/trump-india-tariffs-increase-25-percent/756952/ |access-date=August 18, 2025 |work=[[Industry Dive]] |archive-date=August 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814013326/https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/trump-india-tariffs-increase-25-percent/756952/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|35% tariff on most imports from Canada + 10% on Canadian oil and gas
|March 4, 2025;
Increased August 1, 2025
|{{No|Struck down}}
|
* Tariffs on USMCA-compliant goods are delayed indefinitely.<ref name="Green" /> 38% of Canadian goods were compliant in 2024,<ref>{{cite news|last=Zahn|first=Max|date=March 6, 2025|title=Trump pauses tariffs for some Canadian and Mexican goods|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/stocks-tumble-tariff-fallout-roils-markets/story?id=119508907|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 14, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114052752/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/stocks-tumble-tariff-fallout-roils-markets/story?id=119508907|url-status=live}}</ref> but Canada expected the "vast majority" of goods to be quickly made compliant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vieira|first=Paul|date=March 7, 2025|title=Canada Expects Nearly All U.S. Exports to Be USMCA Compliant|url=https://www.morningstar.com/news/dow-jones/202503076995/canada-expects-nearly-all-us-exports-to-be-usmca-compliant|website=Morningstar, Inc.|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133215/https://www.morningstar.com/news/dow-jones/202503076995/canada-expects-nearly-all-us-exports-to-be-usmca-compliant|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tariff increased from 25% to 35% on August 1, 2025
|<ref name="Shalal">{{cite web |last1=Shalal |first1=Andrea |last2=Lawder |first2=David |date=March 4, 2025 |title=Trade wars erupt as Trump hits Canada, Mexico, China with steep tariffs |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/trade-wars-erupt-trump-hits-canada-mexico-china-with-steep-tariffs-2025-03-04/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
|-
| 25% tariff on all imports from Mexico|| March 4, 2025 || {{no|Struck down}} ||
* Tariffs on USMCA-compliant goods are delayed indefinitely.<ref name="Green" /> 50% of Mexican goods were compliant in 2024, but Mexico planned to increase to 85–90%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martinez |first1=Ana Isabel |last2=Torres |first2=Noe |date=March 11, 2025 |title=Tariff Chaos Could Push Mexico Into Technical Recession |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/tariff-chaos-could-push-mexico-into-technical-recession-2025-03-11/ |work=Reuters |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|<ref name="Shalal" />
|-
|25% tariff on imports from countries importing Venezuelan oil
|April 2, 2025
|{{No|Announced, but struck down before it could be implemented}}
|The [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] may impose a 25% tariff on goods from any country that imports Venezuelan oil, directly or indirectly, after April 2, 2025.
|<ref name="Boak-2" />
|-
! colspan="5" | Foreign retaliation
|-
!Country/Region
!Effective
!Status
!Notes
!{{Reference column heading}}
|-
|Canada
|March 4, 2025
|{{maybe|Partially in effect}}
|
* 25% on $20.8 billion ({{CAD|30 billion}}) of US goods in effect. A planned expansion to an additional $86 billion ({{CAD|125 billion}}) worth of US goods was suspended on March 6, 2025.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gillies|first=Rob|date=March 6, 2025|title=Canada's Tariffs to Remain Despite Trump Postponing Tariffs on Many Imports from Canada for a Month|url=https://apnews.com/article/trudeau-trump-tariffs-trade-war-58eaa333ef96d4f17965bb7004e6bee7|work=Associated Press News|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=March 6, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306183959/https://apnews.com/article/trudeau-trump-tariffs-trade-war-58eaa333ef96d4f17965bb7004e6bee7|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On April 15, 2025, Canada added a 6-month suspension on tariffs for imports critical to manufacturing, food and beverage processing, healthcare, national security and other objectives.<ref name="Canada">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Department of Finance |date=April 15, 2025 |title=Canada announces new support for Canadian businesses affected by U.S. tariffs |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/04/canada-announces-new-support-for-canadian-businesses-affected-by-us-tariffs.html |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=canada.ca |archive-date=May 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516004649/https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/04/canada-announces-new-support-for-canadian-businesses-affected-by-us-tariffs.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Murray |first1=Warren |last2=Bekiempis |first2=Victoria |date=February 2, 2025 |title=Canada and Mexico hit back after Trump signs order for punishing tariffs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china?CMP=oth_b-aplnews_d-1 |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stevis-Gridneff |first=Matina |date=February 2, 2025 |title=Trudeau Details Canada's Retaliation Plans in Emotional Rebuke of Trump Tariffs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/02/us/politics/canada-trump-tariffs.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250202051949/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/02/us/politics/canada-trump-tariffs.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Canada
|March 13, 2025
|{{maybe|Partially in effect}}
|
* 25% tariffs on $20.6 billion ({{CAD|29.8 billion}}) of US goods: $8.7 billion ({{CAD|12.6 billion}}) steel products, $2 billion ({{CAD|3 billion}}) aluminum products, and $9.9 billion ({{CAD|14.2 billion}}) misc. goods.
* On April 15, 2025, Canada added a 6-month suspension on tariffs for imports critical to manufacturing, food and beverage processing, healthcare, national security and other objectives.<ref name="Canada" />
* On June 20, 2025, Carney said Canada would increase its counter-tariffs on steel and aluminium products on July 21, 2025, if talks with the US stalled.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Thanthong-Knight |first1=Randy |last2=Platt |first2=Brian |date=June 19, 2025 |title=Canada Moves to Protect Steel and Aluminum Firms, Considers Higher Tariffs |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-06-19/carney-to-roll-out-plan-to-help-canada-s-tariff-hit-steel-sector |work=Bloomberg News}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Lorne |last2=Gilles |first2=Rob |last3=McHugh |first3=David |date=March 12, 2025 |title=Canada and the EU swiftly retaliate against Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-eu-tariffs-countermeasures-806a3b9bcc9cd4e45817e672d95f0070 |access-date=March 13, 2025 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=July 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715180948/https://apnews.com/article/trump-eu-tariffs-countermeasures-806a3b9bcc9cd4e45817e672d95f0070 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Canada
|April 9, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}<ref>{{Cite web |author=Dan Mangan |author2=Kevin Breuninger |author3=John Melloy |author4=Ruxandra Iordache |author5=Christina Wilkie |author6=Erin Doherty |date=April 8, 2025 |title=Trump's reciprocal tariffs plan kicks in, China to see net total tariffs of 104%: Live updates |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/08/trump-tariffs-live-updates-stock-market-china.html |access-date=April 9, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409003935/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/08/trump-tariffs-live-updates-stock-market-china.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|25% tariff on non-USMCA compliant vehicles imported into Canada from the US.<ref name="Vieira">{{Cite web |last=Vieira |first=Paul |title=Canada Says 25% Tariff on U.S. Autos to Kick In Starting Wednesday |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/americas/canada-says-25-tariff-on-u-s-autos-to-kick-in-starting-wednesday-8577fc6d |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409011939/https://www.wsj.com/world/americas/canada-says-25-tariff-on-u-s-autos-to-kick-in-starting-wednesday-8577fc6d |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 15, 2025, Canada exempted a quota of cars from automakers that manufacture in Canada.<ref name="Canada" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |work=Department of Finance Canada |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Canada's response to U.S. tariffs |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-response-us-tariffs.html |access-date=April 5, 2025 |publisher=Canada.ca |archive-date=August 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816125817/https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-response-us-tariffs.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Vieira" />
|-
|China
|February 4, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}
|15% tariff on coals and [[liquefied natural gas]], 10% on oil and agricultural machines, and investigations on US companies.
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Xiao |first=Josh |title=China Hits Back at Trump With Tariffs on US Goods, Google Probe |date=February 3, 2025 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-04/china-probes-google-moments-after-trump-s-tariffs-enter-effect | publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>
|-
|China
|March 10, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}
|10–15% tariffs on US meat and agricultural products, suspension of US lumber imports, revocation of soybean import licenses for 3 US firms.<ref>{{cite news|title=China hits US soybean firms, halts lumber imports as it steps up retaliation against Trump tariffs|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-suspends-soybean-imports-three-us-firms-halts-log-imports-2025-03-04/|work=Reuters|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=April 7, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407165823/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-suspends-soybean-imports-three-us-firms-halts-log-imports-2025-03-04/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|date=March 4, 2025|title=China slaps extra tariffs of up to 15% on imports of major U.S. farm exports|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/04/g-s1-51892/china-tariffs-u-s-farm-exports|publisher=[[NPR]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=March 4, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304063442/https://www.npr.org/2025/03/04/g-s1-51892/china-tariffs-u-s-farm-exports|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|China
|April 10, 2025
|{{yes|In effect}}
|
* Originally 34% on all US goods effective April 10, 2025, China raised the baseline to 84% on April 9, 2025, 125% on April 12, 2025, and reduced to 10% from May 14, 2025, for 90 days, then extended to November 9, 2025.<ref name="Brown" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2025 |title=China to impose tariffs of 34% on all US goods from April 10 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china-impose-tariffs-34-all-us-goods-april-10-2025-04-04/ |access-date=April 4, 2025 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pound |first=Jesse |date=April 9, 2025 |title=China slaps 84% retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods in response to Trump |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/09/china-slaps-retaliatory-tariffs-of-84percent-on-us-goods-in-response-to-trump.html |access-date=April 9, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=May 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517210221/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/09/china-slaps-retaliatory-tariffs-of-84percent-on-us-goods-in-response-to-trump.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cooper |first1=Amanda |last2=Shen |first2=Samuel |last3=Krauskopf |first3=Lewis |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Investors cheer US-China tariff truce, but cautious over a final deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/investors-cheer-us-china-tariff-truce-cautious-over-final-deal-2025-05-12/ |access-date=May 19, 2025 |work=Reuters |archive-date=May 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523022116/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/investors-cheer-us-china-tariff-truce-cautious-over-final-deal-2025-05-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A new trade deal was announced on November 1.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-did-trump-xi-agree-tariffs-export-controls-fentanyl-2025-11-01/ | title=What did Trump, Xi agree to on tariffs, export controls and fentanyl | first1=David | last1=Lawder | first2=Andrea | last2=Shalal | work=[[Reuters]] | date=November 2, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|China
|April 4, 2025
|{{no|Paused}}
|
* China globally suspended exports of a range of rare earth minerals and magnets critical to auto, defense, aerospace, and semiconductor industries.
* Following an initial trade deal with the US on May 12, 2025, China agreed to resume exports. The US alleged China failed to follow through and reiterated the agreement in a trade deal announced June 11, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2025 |title=US President Donald Trump says rare earths deal 'done' with China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gkmy26e2po |access-date=June 20, 2025 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=June 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620201734/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gkmy26e2po |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bradsher |first=Keith |date=June 3, 2025 |title=What to Know About China's Halt of Rare Earth Exports |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/03/business/rare-earth-metals-china.html |access-date=June 20, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626015110/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/03/business/rare-earth-metals-china.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| European Union
|April 15, 2025
|{{No|Paused}}
|
* 25% tariffs on $23.8 billion (€21 billion) of US goods, targeting farm produce and $13.5 billion products from Republican states (reduced from an initial threat of €26 billion to begin April 1, 2025).
* EU proposed increasing tariffs to target $100 billion of US goods.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2025 |title=EU takes aim at US planes, autos in €100B counterstrike against Trump tariffs |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-ready-fresh-100-billion-counterstrike-donald-trump-tariffs/ |access-date=August 4, 2025 |website=Politico |archive-date=July 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727000428/https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-ready-fresh-100-billion-counterstrike-donald-trump-tariffs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On August 4, 2025, a delay until August 7, 2025, was extended for another 6 months.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Doherty|first=Erin|title=EU will delay planned U.S. tariffs for six months to allow for trade talks|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/04/trump-eu-trade-tariffs.html|publisher=CNBC|date=August 4, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=December 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223133733/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/04/trump-eu-trade-tariffs.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rankin|first=Jennifer|date=April 9, 2025|title=EU to impose retaliatory 25% tariffs on US goods from almonds to yachts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/09/eu-to-impose-retaliatory-25-tariffs-on-us-goods-from-almonds-to-yachts|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" | Proposed US tariffs
|-
|Digital Service Taxes (DSTs)
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed USTR to initiate a Section 301 investigation into DSTs, particularly against France, Austria, Italy, Spain, Turkey, and the UK
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2025/02/trump-revives-and-expands-the-battle-over-digital-services-taxes|last1=Allen|first1=Brooks|last2=Leiter|first2=Michael|last3=Werry|first3=Susanne|last4=Bell|first4=Jacob|title=Trump Revives and Expands the Battle Over Digital Services Taxes|website=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom]]|date=February 28, 2025|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=January 10, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260110094050/https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2025/02/trump-revives-and-expands-the-battle-over-digital-services-taxes|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Semiconductors
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed the Commerce Secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation into "imports of semiconductors and semiconductor manufacturing equipment".
|<ref name="Muller" />
|-
|Processed critical minerals and derivative products
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed the Commerce Secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation into "imports of processed critical minerals, as well as their derivative products".
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=Notice of Request for Public Comments on Section 232 National Security Investigation of Imports of Processed Critical Minerals and Derivative Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/25/2025-07273/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register |archive-date=April 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425081657/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/25/2025-07273/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Trucks and truck parts
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed the Commerce Secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation into "imports of medium-duty trucks, heavy-duty, trucks, and medium- and heavy-duty truck parts, and their derivative products".
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=Notice of Request for Public Comments on Section 232 National Security Investigation of Imports of Trucks |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/25/2025-07260/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429181438/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/25/2025-07260/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Commercial aircraft and jet engines and parts
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed the Commerce Secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation into "imports of commercial aircraft and jet engines, and parts for commercial aircraft and jet engines".
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Notice of Request for Public Comments on Section 232 National Security Investigation of Imports of Commercial Aircraft and Jet Engines and Parts for Commercial Aircraft and Jet Engines |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/13/2025-08500/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=Federal Register |archive-date=May 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526211122/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/13/2025-08500/notice-of-request-for-public-comments-on-section-232-national-security-investigation-of-imports-of |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Personal protective equipment
|
|{{coming soon|In development}}
|Trump directed the Commerce Secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation into "Imports of personal protective equipment, medical consumables, and medical equipment, including devices".
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bao |first=Anniek |date=September 25, 2025 |title=U.S. expands tariff dragnet to masks, syringes and robotics in sweeping import probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/25/trump-tariff-threat-looms-over-robotics-and-medical-devices-section232-import-investigation.html |access-date=September 25, 2025 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=September 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925025310/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/25/trump-tariff-threat-looms-over-robotics-and-medical-devices-section232-import-investigation.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of the largest trading partners of the United States]]
* {{annotated link|2025 United States boycott}}
* {{annotated link|Chicken tax}}
* {{annotated link|Dedollarisation}}
* {{annotated link|Economic sanctions}}
* {{annotated link|Foreign policy of the second Trump administration}}
* {{annotated link|Hands Off protests}}
* {{annotated link|Mercantilism}}
* {{Section link|Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States|Proposals to annex Canada by President Donald Trump}}
* {{annotated link|Tariffs in the first Trump administration}}
* {{annotated link|Timeline of the 2025–2026 United States trade war with Canada}}
* {{annotated link|Trade war}}
* {{annotated link|Trump Always Chickens Out}}
* {{annotated link|U.S. economic performance by presidential party}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.wiley.law/trump-administration-tariff-tracker Trump Administration Tariff Tracker]

{{China–United States relations|state=collapsed}}
{{Donald Trump}}
{{Second presidency of Donald Trump}}
{{US tax acts}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2025 in American politics]]
[[Category:2025 in economic history]]
[[Category:2025 in international relations]]
[[Category:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States]]
[[Category:Brazil–United States relations]]
[[Category:Canada–United States trade relations]]
[[Category:China–United States economic relations]]
[[Category:Customs duties]]
[[Category:Customs duty rates by countries and regions]]
[[Category:Economic history of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Economic history of the United States]]
[[Category:Mexico–United States relations]]
[[Category:Policies of Donald Trump]]
[[Category:Protectionism in the United States]]
[[Category:Retribution]]
[[Category:Second Trump administration controversies]]
[[Category:Tariff laws in the United States]]
[[Category:Trade wars involving the United States]]
[[Category:United States economic policy]]
[[Category:United States–European Union relations]]

Shivam Bhaje

2026-05-07T22:59:05Z

NIULoyd091: added new details...

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu film by Rahul Srinivas}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shivam Bhaje
| image = Shivam Bhaje.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Apsar
| producer = Maheswara Reddy Mooli
| writer = Apsar
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Ashwin Babu]]
* [[Digangana Suryavanshi]]
}}
| music = Vikas Badisa
| cinematography = {{plain list|
* Dasaradhi Shivendra
* Anith Madadi
}}
| editing = Chota K Prasad
| studio = Ganga Entertainments
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|8|1}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Shivam Bhaje''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Apsar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Teaser for 'Shivam Bhaje' Starring Ashwin Babu Out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/teaser-for-shivam-bhaje-starring-ashwin-babu-out-899818 |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[Ashwin Babu]] and [[Digangana Suryavanshi]] in lead roles.

The film was released on 1 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashwin Babu's Telugu Movie Shivam Bhaje To Release On THIS Date; Movie To Have A Combination Of Five Genres |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/ashwin-babu-telugu-movie-shivam-bhaje-to-release-on-this-date-movie-to-have-a-combination-of-five-genres-10177335 |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=November 2025}}

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ashwin Babu]] as N. Chandra Sekhar "Chandu"
** Master Chakri as Young Chandu
* [[Digangana Suryavanshi]] as Sailaja
* [[Arbaaz Khan]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Murali [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Dr. Nishanth
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Raghu Ram
* [[Brahmaji]] as a doctor
* [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]]
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Vincent [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Chandu's mother
* [[Y. Kasi Viswanath]] as Sailaja's father
* Devi Prasad as Chandu's father
* Mukhtar Khan
* Mayank Parakh as Rajesh
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]]
* [[Hyper Aadi]] as Apple Reddy
* [[Shakalaka Shankar]]
* [[Kireeti Damaraju]] as Sagar
* Rohini Reddy Noni
* Inaya Sultana
* Nitya Sri as Chandu's sister
* Balaji Gutta as Balaji
* Balagam Sanjay Krishna
* Ping Pong Surya as Eshwar
* Imax Venkat
* Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Radhakrishna
* Erojullo Sai as Krishna
* Temper Vamsi
* Chaitanya Pasupuleti as Arjun
}}

== Music ==
The background score and songs are composed by Vikas Badisa.

{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| all_lyrics = Purnachary
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Pilla Intha Late
| extra1 = [[Kapil Kapilan]]
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = Ram Ram Eeswaram
| extra2 = Sai Charan Bhaskaruni
| length2 = 2:21
| title3 = Shivam Bhaje Theme
| extra3 = [[Hemachandra (singer)|Hemachandra]]
| length3 = 3:17
| title4 = Ori Devuda
| extra4 = [[Dhanunjay Seepana]]
| length4 = 3:28
}}

==Release==
''Shivam Bhaje'' was film was released on 1 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Ashwin Babu’s Shivam Bhaje Set For A Grand Release On August 1 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/ashwin-babus-shivam-bhaje-set-for-a-grand-release-on-august-1-article-111725894 |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2024 |title=Mythri Movie Makers bags Nizam theatrical rights for Shivam Bhaje |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/29/mythri-movie-makers-bags-nizam-theatrical-rights-for-shivam-bhaje |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> It was later released on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 30 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2024 |title=Shivam Bhaje OTT release: Ashwin Babu's action-drama available for streaming. Check when and where to watch |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/shivam-bhaje-ott-release-ashwin-babus-action-drama-available-for-streaming-check-when-and-where-to-watch/articleshow/112940956.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 November 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=Shivam Bhaje gets an OTT premiere |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Aug/30/shivam-bhaje-gets-an-ott-premiere |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' wrote that "''Shivam Bhaje'' has a very interesting point but starts on a slow note and takes forever to enter the main conflict point".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivam Bhaje: The Ashwin Babu starrer clicks only in its final act |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shivam-bhaje-the-ashwin-babu-action-drama-clicks-only-in-its-final-act/c6f8bb6354125 |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> ''[[News18]]'' opined that the film "takes viewers for granted" and has failed to impress sue to weak storyline.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2024 |title=Shivam Bhaje Review |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/shivam-bhaje-review-ambitious-concept-falls-short-due-to-budget-constraints-8988677.html |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|31711525|Shivam Bhaje}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telugu-language crime thriller films]]

Tripuri people

2026-05-05T19:50:20Z

NIULoyd091: added post...

{{short description|Ethnic group of India and Bangladesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Tripuri people
| image = Tripuri dance.jpg
| caption = Tripuri traditional Lebang dance
| total = 1,300,000+
| total_year = 2011
| region1 = {{IND}}
| pop1 = 1,011,294<ref name=census>{{cite web |title=Distribution of the 99 Non-Scheduled Languages- India/ States/ Union Territories-2011 Census |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-B.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=10 April 2021 |pages=48, 49 |quote=Look for "92. TRIPURI", total number of Tripuri speakers in India given as 11294 on page 48, then state wise break-up on page 49}}</ref>
| region2 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Tripura]]
| pop2 = 950,875
| ref2 = <ref name=census>{{cite web |title=Distribution of the 99 Non-Scheduled Languages- India/ States/ Union Territories-2011 Census |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-B.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=10 April 2021 |pages=48, 49 |quote=Look for "92. TRIPURI", total number of Tripuri speakers in India given as 11294 on page 48, then state wise break-up on page 49}}</ref>
| region3 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Mizoram]]
| pop3 = 32,634
| ref3 = <ref name=census/>
| region4 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Assam]]
| pop4 = 22,890
| ref4 = <ref name=census/>
| region5 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Meghalaya]]
| pop5 = 2,735
| ref5 = <ref name=census/>
| region6 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Nagaland]]
| pop6 = 350
| ref6 = <ref name=census/>
| region7 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Gujarat]]
| pop7 = 239
| ref7 = <ref name=census/>
| region8 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Manipur]]
| pop8 = 208
| ref8 = <ref name=census/>
| region9 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| pop9 = 190
| ref9 = <ref name=census/>
| region10 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Rajasthan]]
| pop10 = 169
| ref10 = <ref name=census/>
| region11 = {{nbsp|10}} [[West Bengal]]
| pop11 = 120
| ref11 = <ref name=census/>
| region12 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Maharashtra]]
| pop12 = 118
| ref12 = <ref name=census/>
| region13 = {{nbsp|10}} [[Karnataka]]
| pop13 = 114
| ref13 = <ref name=census/>
| region14 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop14 = 156,578 (2021)
| ref14 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf |title=Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex |year=2021 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=33 |language=bn}}</ref>
| region15 =
| pop15 =
| languages = [[Kokborok|Kókborok (Tripuri)]]
| religions = '''Majority''' [[File:Om.svg|19px]] [[Hinduism]] '''Minority''' [[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]]
| related = Other [[Sal languages|Sal]]-speaking peoples, especially other [[Bodo–Kachari people]]s
| native_name = ''Tripuri dópha rok''
| native_name_lang =
}}
The '''Tripuri people''' ([[Kokborok language|Kókborok]]: ''Tripuri dópha rok''), also known as '''Tripura''', '''Tipra''', '''Twipra''', '''Tipperah''', are a [[Tibeto-Burman]]-speaking [[ethnic group]] of [[Northeast India|Indian]] state of [[Tripura]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hasan |first1=Nur |last2=Jahan |first2=Rownak |year=2014 |title=A survey of medicinal plants used by the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=10 |pages=3–19 |article-number=19 |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-10-19 |pmid=24502444 |pmc=3996145 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ahmed 2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=Sazdik |last2=Ravhee |first2=Shahla |year=2020 |title=A Study on the Settlement Morphology of Tipra (Tripura) ethnic group in Sreemangal, Bangladesh |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343975610 |journal=Journal of Recent Activities in Architectural Sciences |pages=3–19 |doi=10.46610/JoRAAS.2020.v05i01.003 |s2cid=234648795}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barma |first=Aloy Deb |date=2024 |title=Talking Back through Peripheral Visions and Negotiating Identity: Kokborok and Bengali Films and Music Videos in Tripura |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/931184 |journal=Journal of Film and Video |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=33–48 |doi=10.5406/19346018.76.2.05 |issn=1934-6018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> They are the descendants of the inhabitants of the Twipra/Tripura Kingdom in [[North-East India|North-East]] India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through the [[Manikya dynasty]] ruled the [[Twipra Kingdom|Kingdom of Tripura]] for over 600 years starting from 1400 until the kingdom joined the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 15 October 1949.
[[File:Traditional dress of Tripura.jpg|thumb|Tripuri couple in their traditional attire.]]

==Ancestral origins==
The Tripuri people are part of the Tibeto-Burman ethnic group. Historical accounts suggest that they migrated from the upper courses of the [[Yangtze]] and [[Yellow River|Hwang Ho]] rivers in Western China. Over time, they moved through the Himalayas, eventually settling in the region now known as Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripuri History |work= LIS India |url=https://lisindia.ciil.org/Tripuri/Tripuri_hist.html}}</ref>

Ethnically, Tripuris are of the Indo-Mongoloid origin and linguistically fall within the Tibeto-Burman family. They speak the Kokborok dialect, similar to other tribal groups in Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRIPURI |url=https://trci.tripura.gov.in/tripuri |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=TRCI}}</ref>

===Genetic studies===
Genetic studies indicate that they share significant genetic similarities with other Tibeto-Burman speaking groups in the region, such as the [[Chakma people|Chakma]] and [[Marma people|Marma]] populations. For instance, research demonstrates that the Chakma and Tripuri populations exhibit considerable genetic similarity, underscoring their close ancestral connections.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gazi |first1=Nurun Nahar |last2=Tamang |first2=Rakesh |last3=Singh |first3=Vipin Kumar |last4=Ferdous |first4=Ahmed |last5=Pathak |first5=Ajai Kumar |last6=Singh |first6=Mugdha |last7=Anugula |first7=Sharath |last8=Veeraiah |first8=Pandichelvam |last9=Kadarkaraisamy |first9=Subburaj |last10=Yadav |first10=Brijesh Kumar |last11=Reddy |first11=Alla G. |last12=Rani |first12=Deepa Selvi |last13=Qadri |first13=Syed Saleheen |last14=Singh |first14=Lalji |last15=Chaubey |first15=Gyaneshwer |date=2013-10-09 |title=Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations of Bangladesh: Evaluating the Gene Flow along the Sides of Bay-of-Bengal |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=10 |article-number=e75064 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0075064 |doi-access=free |pmid=24130682 |pmc=3794028 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...875064G |issn=1932-6203}}</ref> In terms of physical appearance, Tripuri individuals typically exhibit features characteristic of East Asian and South East Asian populations. This includes straight black hair, a light to medium complexion, and [[Epicanthic fold|epicanthic eye folds]].

==History==
{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}
{{CSS image crop
|Image = Map of the Languages and Dialects of the Bârâ or Bodo Group of the Tibeto-Burman Family (cropped).jpg
|bSize = 937
|cWidth = 300
|cHeight = 300
|oTop = 520
|oLeft = 420
|Location = right
|Description = Distribution of Tipra, as reported in the Language Survey of India 1903
}}

Tripuris are the native people of [[Tripura]] having its own unique and distinct rich culture, tradition, and history.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} They were able to expand their influence as far south as [[Chittagong Division]], as far west as [[Comilla Division|Comilla]], [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]] and as far north as [[Sylhet Division]] (all in present [[Bangladesh]]). Chittagong Hill Tracts was also a part of Tipperah Kingdom till British took control of the Indian subcontinent. In the year 1512, the Tipperas were at the height of their supremacy when they defeated some Mughals.{{Vague|reason=which Mughals?|date=September 2025}}

===Establishment of Twipra Kingdom===
After migrating to the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent, the Tripuri people established the Twipra Kingdom, later known as the Tripura Kingdom. This realm emerged as an influential power in the area. Established around the 15th century, it was ruled by the Manikya dynasty, which governed the region for several centuries. The rulers of the Manikya lineage were recognized for their adept governance and their commitment to safeguarding the kingdom's independence amidst external challenges.

At its peak, the Tripura Kingdom's territory spanned areas now part of modern India and Bangladesh. It included the Barak Valley (Cachar Plains), Hailakandi, and Karimganj in today's Assam; Comilla, Sylhet, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh; along with the current state of Tripura. The kingdom's boundaries were marked by the Khasi Hills to the north, the Manipur Hills to the northeast, the Arakan Hills of Burma to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the south, and the Brahmaputra River to the west.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

===Integration into modern India===
The princely state of Tripura maintained its sovereignty until the mid-20th century. On October 15, 1949, following India's independence, Tripura was merged into the Indian Union. Subsequently, it was designated as a Union Territory on September 1, 1956, and later attained full statehood on January 21, 1972.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2024-12-21 |title=Tripura {{!}} History, Map, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tripura-state-India |access-date=2024-12-22 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
==Tripuri in Bangladesh==
According to 2022 census, [[Tripuri people|Tripura]]s are mainly found in [[Khagrachhari District ]](13.79%), [[Bandarban District ]](4.69%) and [[Rangamati Hill District]](1.90%).

They are the second largest ethnic group in [[Matiranga Upazila ]](18.68%) and [[Ramgarh Upazila ]](13.28%).
{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text defaultleft col2right hover-highlight"
! Upazila
! District
! Percentage of Tripura <ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-984-475-201-6 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=Dhaka |pages=401}}</ref><ref name="bbs.portal.gov.bd">{{cite web | url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b432a7e5-8b4d-4dac-a76c-a9be4e85828c | title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো }}</ref>
|-
|[[Thanchi Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 21.27%
|-
|[[Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 20.99%
|-
|[[Panchhari Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 19.36%
|-
|[[Guimara Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 18.79%
|-
|[[Matiranga Upazila]]
| [[Khagrachhari District]]
| align='center' |18.68%
|-
|[[Ramgarh Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 13.28%
|-
|[[Ruma Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 8.95%
|-
|[[Rajasthali Upazila]]
|[[Rangamati District]]
|align=center| 8.16%
|-
|[[Rowangchhari Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 7.73%
|-
|[[Dighinala Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 7.38%
|-
|[[Belaichhari Upazila]]
|[[Rangamati District]]
|align=center| 6.08%
|-
|[[Manikchhari Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 5.60%
|-
|[[Alikadam Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 5.41%
|-
|[[Baghaichhari Upazila]]
|[[Rangamati District]]
|align=center| 5.13%
|-
|[[Lama Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 4.12%
|-
|[[Mahalchhari Upazila]]
|[[Khagrachhari District]]
|align=center| 3.97%
|-
|[[Bandarban Sadar Upazila]]
|[[Bandarban District]]
|align=center| 1.59%
|-
|[[Rangamati Sadar Upazila]]
|[[Rangamati District]]
|align=center| 1.50%
|-
|Others
|
|align=center| <1%
|-
|}
[[File:Map of Tripuri People in Bangladesh.png|thumb|Map of Tripuri people in Bangladesh by [[upazila]]]]

==Language==
{{Main|Kokborok language}}

The Tripuri people speak [[Kokborok]] (also known as Tipra), a Tibeto-Burman language. Tripuri is the official language of Tripura, India. There are estimated to be more than one million speakers of the dialects of Tripuri in Tripura, and additional speakers in [[Mizoram]] and [[Assam]] in India, as well as [[Sylhet]] and the [[Chittagong]] Hill Tracts in [[Bangladesh]]. It is also spoken in [[Feni District|Feni]].

There are three main dialects of Tripuri, though the central dialect of the royal family, DebBarma (Puratan Tripur), is a prestige dialect understood by everyone. It is the standard for teaching and literature. It is taught as the medium of instruction up to class fifth and as subject up to graduate level in Tripura.

Historically, Tripuri was written in native Tripuri script known as Koloma. The earliest known writing in Tripuri dates from the 1st century AD, and was written in Koloma. The script was replaced by an alphabet based on the Eastern Nagari script. Currently the revival of ancient Koloma script is in process.

Some of the most notable Tripuri historical literary works, written by court scholars, include:
* The "Rajratnakar", The royal Chronicle of Tripuri kings
* The [[Rajmala]], Chronicle of Tripuri Kings of Tripura.

== Culture ==
===Festivals===
==== Buisu ====

The Buisu<ref>{{cite news |title=Buisu Festival: Govt's emphasis on cultural development quality living of tribals |url=https://tripuranet.com/tnet/buisu-festival%C2%A0govts-emphasis%C2%A0-on-cultural-development-quality-living-of%C2%A0-tribals-1903.html |newspaper=Tripura Net |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> is the new year
festival<ref>{{cite news |title=CM to inaugurate 20th state-level Buisu Festival |url=https://theriseeast.com/tripura/cm-to-inaugurate-20th-statelevel-buisu-festival/ |newspaper=The Rise East |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> of Tripuri/Tripura People in India and Bangladesh. This Festival is the traditional New Year's Day which falls on 13 or 14 April.

The Buisu Festival begins with Hari Buisu<ref>{{cite web |title=How And Why A Handful Of Rice From Each Household Is Essential To Celebrate Tripura's Garia Puja |url=https://www.adivasilivesmatter.com/post/how-and-why-a-handful-of-rice-from-each-household-is-essential-to-celebrate-tripura-s-garia-puja |website=Advasi Lives Matter |date=27 April 2022 |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> which is the first day. In Hari Buisu Tripuri People clean up their houses and decorate their houses with different flowers. They pray a special prayer in the evening in their houses and temples. The next day is known as Buisu which is the main event, where people visit each other's houses. During this main Buisu, people actually socialize with each other. People cook different traditional foods along with others.

==== Goriya ====
It's the seven day long festival, where Tripuri god Lord Goriya is worshipped starting from Buisu to Sena.

==== Sena ====
It's the last day of Goriya worship, where Lord Goriya gives all the household work back to Goddess Mailuma & Khuluma.

==== Kharchi ====
Kharchi mwtai is the worship of the dynasty deity of Tripuri people, the fourteen gods. It is performed in the month of July/August on the eight day of new moon. The fourteen gods are worshipped by the royal priest Chontai.

==== Ker ====
Ker mwtai is celebrated 14 days following the end of Kharchi mwtai. It is the strictest puja ever performed by Tripuri people. It may be mentioned here that no puja or worship is so strictly performed as is the Ker of Tripuri people, by any section of the people in the world.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} In this also all the gods of Tripuri people are worshipped at a time.

==== Osa ====
The worship of Tripuri Goddess Ama Osa.

==== Mamita ====
Mamita festival is the harvest festival of Tripuri people where the worship of goddess Ama Mailuma takes place. The Mamita festival is held during the time of Osa Mwtai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CULTURAL-DANCE {{!}} Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council |url=https://ttaadc.gov.in/CULTURAL-DANCE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611224931/https://ttaadc.gov.in/CULTURAL-DANCE |archive-date=2024-06-11 |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=ttaadc.gov.in}}</ref>

==== Hojagiri ====
Tripuri festival of lights where goddess Ama Mailuma & Ama Khuluma are worshipped. It is said that it the festival was stated during the reign of Tripuri King Subrairaja to create awareness among the Tripuri people during that era.

==== Hangrai ====
Hangrai is a harvest festival and one of the main festivals of Tripuri people. This festival is very meaningful to Tripuri People. The Tripuris celebrate Hangrai with a festive way.<ref>{{cite news |title=Makar Sankranti 2023: When to celebrate Makar Sankranti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/makar-sankranti-2023-when-to-celebrate-makar-sankranti-know-rituals-and-significance/articleshow/96882107.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> People start taking preparation of Hangrai which begins 4–5 days before. The younger generation make Nowshah, small huts made of bamboo and paddy husks. They gather for picnic where hot rice cakes and different foods are served. Elders would remain at home and take shower early in the morning and wear fresh clothes. They gather around and share their Awangs, Moi or Curries and rice-based [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] Arak or chuwak. They enjoy the entire day until midnight.

In this festival Tripuri People visit holy places, worship God and perform individual sacrifices and rituals.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jamatia |first=Neha |url=https://www.adivasilivesmatter.com/post/hangrai-festival-is-celebrated-by-tripuri-people-to-commemorate-harvest-season |title=A Festival Where Young People Construct Bamboo Huts Only To Burn Them The Next Day |website=Adivasi Lives Matter |date=14 January 2022}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion among the Tripuri
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 93.6
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|value2 = 6.4
|color2 = Blue}}

In the 2011 census, 93.6% of the Tripuri people followed an admixture of [[folk religions]] and [[Hinduism]] and 6.4% were [[Christians]] (mostly, [[Baptists]]). Tripuri Hinduism is a [[Syncretism|syncretic]] religion, melding traditional folk religion with Hindu elements, commonly found in [[Northeast India|northeastern India]].<ref name="Census">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_tripura.pdf |title=Tripura |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922215053/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_tripura.pdf |archive-date=2020-09-22}}</ref><ref name="Ahmed 2020"/> A minority of the [[Uchoi]] clan of the Tripuri are Buddhist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddhist monk from Tripura elected secretary general of the International Buddhist Confederation |date=15 December 2017 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/3243-2-buddhist-monk.html |access-date=2021-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Gastronomy===
Tripuri people loves to eat different types of fresh vegetables from hill. In their food menu, Bamboo Shoots are one of the traditional dish which they call "Muya"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripuraonline.in/about/profile/culture/food-and-local-cuisines-of-tripura |title=Food And Local Cuisines Of Tripura |website=Tripura Online}}</ref> in their Kokborok Language.

The use of dry fish is common in their daily cuisine. Sticky rice which is one of the traditional food of Tripuri People and they eat sticky rice in different ways including Awang Bangwi/ Awang Bwthai, Awang Sokrang, Awang Phanswi, Phap ni Awang and Awang Belep.<ref>{{cite web |last=Debbarma |first=Anuprava |url=https://www.adivasilivesmatter.com/post/five-ways-in-which-tripuris-enjoy-their-traditional-food-the-sticky-rice |title=Five Ways In Which Tripuris Enjoy Their Traditional Food, The 'Sticky Rice' |website=Advasi Lives Matter |date=23 September 2022}}</ref>

Eight Traditional Recipes or Cuisines which Tripuri People eat in their daily life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=CHAKRABORTY |first1=DIPANNITA |last2=DAS NAYAK |first2=RITA |year=2022 |title=Transitional Aspects of Indigenous People: North East India |publisher=EBH PUBLISHERS |pages=26–29 |isbn=978-93-92038-41-9}}</ref>
# Chakhwi<ref>{{cite web |title=Chakhwi: A Tribal Curry From Tripura Made With Baking Soda |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/chakhwi-a-tribal-curry-from-tripura-made-with-baking-soda-1660136970330 |website=Slurrp |access-date=2023-01-12}}</ref>
# Gudok
# Bermabwtwi
# Mosdeng
# Awandru
# Mwkhwikwtwi
# Serma
# Thokmui

====Awang Bangwi====
Awang Bangwi or Awang Bwthai<ref>{{cite news |title=Regional Indian dishes that are prepared in the most unique and unbelievable manner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/regional-indian-dishes-that-are-prepared-in-the-most-unique-and-unbelievable-manner/photostory/88928991.cms?picid=88929062 |newspaper=Times of India |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> which is one of the traditional food of Tripuri People. This cone shaped rice rolls in Lairu or banana leaves for steam which is loved by Tripuris. Awan Bangwi which is a rice cake prepared by Tripuris including sticky rice,butter or Ghee, raisins, nuts, ginger and onion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cakes and Bakes |url=http://www.tripura.org.in/cakes.htm |website=Tripura |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> Awan Bangwi is the national food of Tripura State.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chopra |first1=Natasha |title=Regional Indian dishes that are prepared in the most unique and unbelievable manner |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/republic-day-special-29-desserts-from-29-states-of-india-1804654 |newspaper=NDTV |access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref>

====Bamboo chicken/pork/fish====
Using bamboo for cooking chicken or pork or fish is popular and traditional way of cooking process of Tripuri People. The process is simple. Marinating chicken or pork or fish with different ingredients and stuff the chicken/pork/fish inside the bamboo with little water. Then cook it for 40–50 min on Charcoal.

This Bamboo Chicken<ref>{{cite web |title=Bamboo Chicken: The Famous Traditional Food of Tripuri People |url=https://www.naverdaily.com/2023/01/bamboo-chicken-famous-traditional-food.html |website=Naver Daily}}</ref>/Pork/Fish is widely popular among Tripuri People.

===Tripuri games and sports===
{{Main|Tripuri games and sports}}

[[File:Tripuri game.jpg|thumb|"Pait" one of the ancient Tripuri brain game]]
Like many parts of the world the Tripuri has traditional sports. It is common in almost all the clans of Tripuri. They are called ''thwngmung'' in Tripuri.

===Marriage===
The traditional Tripuri marriage system, known as Hamjwk Tubui Kaimani, begins with the bride's and groom's families negotiating through a marriage broker called a Raibai. Once the bride is chosen, the groom's family agrees to dowry demands, including money, ornaments, and household items. The formal engagement, called Koksungma, includes rituals like blessings with rice beer and offerings, followed by a feast where elders bless the bride.

On the wedding day, rituals include worshipping the Lampra Wathop deity and Tuisangramma, followed by the groom's procession to the bride's home with music and traditional water pots. After completing the formalities, the bride leaves her family in a ceremonial palanquin journey to her new home. Unique traditions include the bride washing elders' hands during the feast and a taboo preventing the bride's mother from attending the wedding. These customs showcase the Tripuri community's rich cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wedding Customs of Tripura |url=https://www.tripuraonline.in/guide/wedding-customs-of-tripura}}</ref>

== Kinship ==
The main Tripuri clans are:
* [[Debbarma]]
* [[Reang]]
* [[Jamatia]]
* Tripura
* [[Noatia]]
* [[Koloi]]
* [[Murasing]]
* Rupini
* [[Uchoi|Uchoi/Usoi]]

==Society==
[[File:Rignai Chamathwibar.jpg|thumb|A [[rignai]] pattern.]]
The Tripuri people consist of clans, each with its own elementary social and administrative organisation starting from the village level and up to the chieftainship of the whole community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-19 |title=Tripuri community has started reviving its traditional bodies in Tripura |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/tripura-news/tripuri-community-has-started-reviving-its-traditional-bodies-in-tripura/ |access-date=2021-01-30 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:The traditional Tripuri attire. The girl is seen here wearing a "Rigwnai" or more specifically "Chamathwi baar".jpg|thumb|Tripuri couple in traditional attire]]

[[File:Tripuri girls.jpg|thumb|Tripuri girls in their traditional attire]]

[[File:Tripura girls in their traditional attire.jpg|thumb|Tripura girls in their traditional attire]]

These indigenous communities enjoy their traditional freedom based on the concept of [[self-determination]]. The relation between the king and the subject communities was as [[Maharaja]] (king) of Tripura-Missip or [[liaison officer]] Roy or headman of the community – [[Sardar]] the chief of the village – the individual. Earlier, only the [[Debbarma]] or Tipra ethnic group was included in the [[Tripuri Kshatriya]] group. Later, the Raja included other groups like [[Reang]], [[Jamatia]] and [[Noatia]] as well, in an attempt to foster a sense of kindness among the people under his region.<ref>''Asian Studies'', Volume 4 by Netaji Institute for Asian Studies, p.4</ref>

The Tripuri people have a rich historical, social, and cultural heritage which is totally distinct from that of the mainland Indians. Their distinctive culture – as reflected in their dance, music, festivals, management of community affairs, dress and food habits – has a strong base. [[Kokborok]], the lingua franca of the 12 largest linguistic groups of the indigenous Tripuris and other dialects spoken in Tripura are of the [[Tibeto-Burman]] group and distinct from those spoken in India. There is no influence from those spoken by other peoples in the north-eastern region.

==Calendar==
{{Main|Tripuri calendar}}

The Tripuris follow a traditional [[luni-solar]] calendar ''Tripurabda'', which has 12 months and a 7-day week, like the Gregorian calendar.

The Tripura Era's New Year is on the 1st of Vaishakh which corresponds to 14 or 15 of April of [[Common Era]], depending on whether that year is a Leap year or not. The months are named in pan Indian months, time since its inception 1419 years back by Tripuri king Hamtor pha alias Himti pha alias Jujharu pha in 512 Saka Era.

==Notable people==
===Indian===
* [[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman]] – 1908–1947, one of the last [[Manikya dynasty|Kings of Tripura]].
* [[Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma]]- Titular King and Current Head of Tripura Royal Family
* [[Sachin Dev Burman]] – Bollywood composer and singer.
* [[Rahul Dev Burman]] – Bollywood composer and singer.
* [[Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman]]- Maharaja of Tripura (1947–2006), MP, and social activist.
* [[Bibhu Kumari Devi]] – Rajmata of Tripura
* [[Kanchan Prava Devi]]- Queen of Tripura.
* [[Radha Kishore Manikya]]- Maharaja of Tripura
* [[Birendra Kishore Manikya]]- Maharaja of Tripura
* [[Maha Manikya]] – Maharaja of Tripura
* [[Dharma Manikya I]] – Maharaja of Tripura
* [[Ratna Manikya I]]- Maharaja of Tripura
* [[Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman]]– Indian sitarist and Dhrupad singer
* [[Pratap Manikya]]- Maharaja of Tripura

* [[Sefali Debbarma]]-Kokborok poetess and novelist
* [[Bikashrai Debbarma]], poet, writer, and composer
* [[Jishnu Dev Varma]], Governor of [[Telangana]], and Former Deputy Chief Minister of [[Tripura]].
* [[Riya Sen|Riya Sen Dev Varma]] – Bollywood actress.
* [[Raima Sen|Raima Sen Dev Varma]] – Bollywood actress.
* [[Somdev Devvarman]] – Indian Tennis Player.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=23 November 2010 |title=Asiad: Somdev Creates History, India Retains 8th Spot |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/asiad-somdev-creates-history-india-retains-8th-spot/702187 |access-date=2021-04-13 |magazine=Outlook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-20 |title=Somdev receives Arjuna Award |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/somdev-receives-arjuna-award/story-wpYRBmXSWHWNAAFhPOkVvI.html |access-date=2021-04-13 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agencies |first=New Delhi |date=20 September 2011 |title=Somdev Devvarman receives Arjuna Award |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/somdev-devvarman-receives-arjuna-award/ |access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kidambi Srikanth, Somdev Devvarman receive Padma Shri awards; Padma Bhushan for Dhoni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/kidambi-srikanth-somdev-devvarman-receive-padma-shri-awards-padma-bhushan-for-dhoni/articleshow/63384367.cms |access-date=2021-04-13 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Narendra Chandra Debbarma]]- Former Minister for Forests and Revenue, Government of Tripura.
* [[Dasarath Deb]]barma – Former [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Chief Minister of Tripura]]
* [[Aghore Debbarma]]- Former Minister for Tribal Welfare, Agriculture & Animal Resource Development, Government of Tripura.
* [[Jitendra Chaudhury]]- Member of the Tripura legislative assembly 2023
* [[Rebati Tripura]]- Former [[Member of Parliament (India)]]
* [[Sudhanwa Debbarma]]- Former Speaker of [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]].
* [[Bidya Debbarma]]- Former Minister in Charge of Tribal Welfare, Govt of Tripura.
* [[Ranjit Debbarma]]- Member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly and former Command in General of [[All Tripura Tiger Force]].
* [[Animesh Debbarma]]–Cabinet Minister in Tripura Government, former Deputy Chief Executive Member of TTAADC and former Leader of the Opposition, [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] (2023–2024).
* [[Nagendra Jamatia]]- Former Minister for Agriculture & Horticulture, Govt of Tripura. Former Legislator of [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Benichandra Jamatia]] – Padma Shri Indian folk writer and litterateur
* [[Mevar Kumar Jamatia]] Former Minister of Tribal Welfare and Forest, Tripura.
* [[Satyaram Reang]] – Padma Shri Indian folk performer and folk artist
* [[Harinath Debbarma]]- Founder of [[Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti|TUJS]]
* [[Nanda Kumar Deb Barma]]– Kokborok Playwright and Composer.
* [[Manoranjan Debbarma]] Politician.
* [[Rashiram Debbarma]] – Former Minister of Ministry of Revenue, Govt of Tripura.
* [[Aghore Debbarma]]- Former Minister for Tribal Welfare, Agriculture and Animal Resources Development, Government of Tripura.
* [[Padma Kumar Debbarma]]
* [[Jashabir Tripura]]
* [[Ramendra Narayan Debbarma]]
* [[Radhacharan Debbarma]] -Former CEM of [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council|TTAADC]]
* [[Purna Chandra Jamatia]] -CEM of [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council|TTAADC]]
* [[Naresh Jamatia]] – Former Minister of Forest, Rural Development and Election, Govt of Tripura.
* [[Brishaketu Debbarma]], Minister of State Industries and Commerce, Government of Tripura.
* [[Pranab Debbarma]], former Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly.
* [[Ramendra Narayan Debbarma]]
* [[Jagadish Debbarma]]- Chairman of [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council|TTAADC]] and former MLA of Tripura Legislative Assembly.
* [[Pramod Reang]], Politician and Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly
* [[Atul Debbarma|Dr Atul Debbarma]] – Former Member of the Tripura legislative assembly
* [[Dhananjoy Tripura]], Politician, former Vice Chairman of Tripura Planning Commission and former Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly.
* [[Shyama Charan Tripura]]
* [[Manindra Reang]] Former Minister for Tribal Welfare (TRP & PTG), Home (Jail) and General Administration (Printing and Stationery), Government of Tripura.
* [[Dhirendra Debbarma]]
* [[Birendra Kishore Debbarma]]
* [[Burba Mohan Tripura]]
* [[Drao Kumar Riang]]
* [[Manoranjan Debbarma]]
* [[Gopi Nath Tripura]]
* [[Purna Mohan Tripura]] Former Minister of Finance and Power, Government of Tripura.
* [[Kesab Debbarma]]
* [[Prem Kumar Reang]] Former Ministry of Fisheries, Co-operation and Tribal Welfare (TRP & PTG), Government of Tripura.
* [[Rajeswar Debbarma]]
* [[Parimal Debbarma]]
* [[Sindhu Chandra Jamatia]]
* [[Daniel Jamatia]]
* [[Nagendra Jamatia]] Former Minister for Agriculture and Horticulture, Government of Tripura.
* [[Rabindra Debbarma]]– Executive Member of TTAADC and former legislator of Tripura Legislative Assembly.
* [[Baju Ban Riyan|Bajuban Reang]] – Former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member]] of the [[Indian Parliament|Parliament]] of India
* [[Kriti Devi Debbarman]]– Member of Parliament of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].
* [[Dipayan Debbarma]], cricketer
* [[Manisankar Murasingh]], cricketer
* [[Rita Debbarma]], women's cricketer
* Laxmita Reang, women's footballer ([[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17 international]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laxmita Reang |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/laxmita-reang/136740/ |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref>
* [[Sukhendu Debbarma]], Professor and Dean of Tripura University.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marketing |first=Passionate in |date=2025-11-26 |title=Indigenous Art and Handloom Exhibition Concludes in Bodoland |url=https://www.passionateinmarketing.com/exhibition-and-exclusive-session-spotlight-indigenous-knowledge-artistry-and-cultural-heritage-in-bodoland-university/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=Passionate In Marketing |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Naresh Chandra Dev Varma]], writer and Padma Shri awardee<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Naresh Chandra Debbarma: Padma awardee who documented Kokborok before it became Tripura’s official language |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/naresh-chandra-debbarma-padma-awardee-documented-kokborok-before-became-tripura-official-language-10496990/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chandra Kumar Jamatia]], Retired IAS and current member of Administrative Reforms Committee, TTAADC.

===Bangladeshi===
* [[Birendra Kishore Roaza]], Former Member of Parliament.
* [[Sushanto Tripura]], [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh national team]] footballer
* [[Shobha Rani Tripura]], Ekushey Padak recipient
* [[Jotindra Lal Tripura]], Former Member of Parliament.
* [[Kujendra Lal Tripura]], Politician, MP (Member of Parliament 299 Constituency) Khagrachari Hill District.
* [[Naba Bikram Kishore Tripura]], Former Secretary, Former Additional Inspector General of Bangladesh Police

==See also==
{{Columns-list| colwidth=20em|
* [[Buisu]]
* [[Kokborok literature]]
* [[Manikya Dynasty]]
* [[Neer Mahal]]
* [[Tipraland]]
* [[Tripuri calendar]]
* [[Tripuri culture]]
* [[Tripuri nationalism]]
* [[Tripura rebellion]]
* [[Ujjayanta Palace]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripuri People}}
[[Category:Tripuri people| ]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Tripura]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Tripuri culture]]
[[Category:Bodo-Kachari]]
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List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests

2026-05-05T08:21:16Z

NIULoyd091: put up!

{{Short description|Removals of monuments and memorials in connection with the George Floyd protests}}

{{Use American English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Incomplete list|date=June 2020}}
{{Broader|List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests|List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests}}
{{Multiple image
| total_width = 400
| image1 = JEB Stuart Monument 2020-05-31.jpg
| alt1 = An equestrian statue covered in spray-painted graffiti with a protester in front holding a sign reading "BLACK LIVES MATTER".
| caption1 = The [[J. E. B. Stuart Monument]], defaced during [[George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia|protests in Richmond, Virginia]], was removed on July 7, 2020.
| image2 = Christopher Columbus Statue Torn Down at Minnesota State Capitol on June 10, 2020.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = The [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|statue of Christopher Columbus]] at the [[Minnesota State Capitol]] moments after it was pulled from its pedestal by [[American Indian Movement]] protesters.
| image3 = Albert Pike Memorial vandalism 9.jpg
| alt3 =
| caption3 = The [[Albert Pike Memorial]] in Washington, D.C., after protesters toppled the statue of Pike.
| image4 = Statue of Robert Milligan, West India Quay on 9 June 2020 - statue covered and with Black Lives Matter sign 03.jpg
| alt4 =
| caption4 = The vandalized [[statue of Robert Milligan]] outside the [[Museum of London Docklands]] before it was removed.
| perrow = 2
}}

During the [[George Floyd protests|civil unrest]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Segers |first1=Grace |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Protect Monuments |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-executive-order-protect-monuments/ |work=CBS News |date=June 27, 2020 |access-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627174032/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-executive-order-protect-monuments/ |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> that followed the [[murder of George Floyd]] in May 2020, a number of monuments and memorials [[Decolonization of public space|associated with racial injustice]] were [[De-commemoration|vandalized, destroyed or removed]], or commitments to remove them were announced. This occurred mainly in the [[United States]], but also in several other countries. Some of the monuments in question had been the subject of lengthy, [[Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials|years-long efforts to remove them]], sometimes involving legislation and/or court proceedings. In some cases the removal was legal and official; in others, most notably in [[Alabama]] and [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=§ 100-2.1. Protection of monuments, memorials, and works of art |url=https://www.ncleg.net/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_100/GS_100-2.1.pdf |website=North Carolina General Assembly}}</ref> laws prohibiting the removal of monuments were deliberately broken.

Initially, protesters targeted monuments related to the [[Confederate States of America]]{{Citation needed|reason=No source for this|date=December 2023}}. As the scope of the protests broadened to include other forms of [[systemic racism]], many statues of other controversial figures such as [[Christopher Columbus]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Brockell|first=Gillian|date=October 14, 2019|title=Here are the indigenous people Christopher Columbus and his men could not annihilate|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/14/here-are-indigenous-people-christopher-columbus-his-men-could-not-annihilate/|access-date=July 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='American Taliban.' Ted Cruz sounds off after protesters topple Columbus statues |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/nation-world/national/article243457431.html |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> [[Junípero Serra]], [[Juan de Oñate]] and [[Kit Carson]] were torn down or removed. Monuments to many other local figures connected with racism were also targeted by protestors.{{Citation needed|reason=No source for this|date=December 2023}}{{Clarify|date=December 2023|reason= Which local figures?}}. Statues of American slave owners such as [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[George Washington]], [[Ulysses S. Grant]], and [[Francis Scott Key]] were also vandalised or removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/20/san-francisco-statues-ulysses-s-grant-junipero-serra-francis-scott-key/|title=San Francisco protesters topple statues of Ulysses Grant and other slave owners|date=June 20, 2020|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-US|access-date=September 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2020/06/20/portland-man-describes-tearing-down-thomas-jefferson-statue-its-not-vandalism/|title=Portland Man Describes Tearing Down Thomas Jefferson Statue: "It's Not Vandalism"|date=June 20, 2020|website=Willamette Week|language=en-US|access-date=September 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=George Washington statue toppled, American flag burned by Portland protesters |url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/503559-george-washington-statue-vandalized-and-toppled-by |work=The Hill |date=June 19, 2020}}</ref> According to the ''[[Huffington Post]]'', by October 2020 over a hundred Confederate symbols had been "removed, relocated or renamed", based on data from the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mathias|first=Christopher|date=October 14, 2020|title=Exclusive: Over 100 Confederate Symbols Have Been Removed Or Renamed Since Cops Killed George Floyd|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/100-confederate-symbols-removed-since-george-floyd_n_5f86255cc5b681f7da1c9d04|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref>

Some monuments that were not associated with the Confederacy, slavery, or racism were also targeted. In Madison, Wisconsin, the [[statue of Hans Christian Heg|statue of abolitionist Hans Christian Heg]], was torn down and thrown into a lake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://madison.com/news/local/who-was-hans-heg-whose-statue-was-torn-down-in-madison-heres-why-the-civil/article_4fbfaa15-f1c6-5c4a-b609-a4cab462b448.html|title=Who was Hans Heg, whose statue was torn down in Madison? Here's why the Civil War hero was memorialized|first=Teryl Franklin | Wisconsin State|last=Journal|website=madison.com|date=September 27, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/06/24/madison-protesters-pull-down-forward-hans-christian-heg-statues-attack-senator-sculptures-in-lake/3247948001/|title=Madison protesters tear down Capitol statues, attack state senator from Milwaukee as fury erupts again|first=Molly Beck and Lawrence|last=Andrea|website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/wisconsin/2020/06/24/hans-christian-hegs-abolitionist-statue-toppled-madison-what-know/3248692001/|title=Hans Christian Heg was an abolitionist who died trying to end slavery. What to know about the man whose statue was toppled in Madison.|first=Lawrence|last=Andrea|website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref> Protestors also tore down a statue titled ''[[Forward (statue)|Forward]]'', by sculptor [[Jean Pond Miner]], which depicts the embodiment of the Wisconsin state motto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/24/madison-protests-what-know-forward-statue-toppled/3249239001/|title=What to know about the Forward statue that was toppled during Madison protests|first=Mary|last=Spicuzza|website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref> In Portland, a [[Thompson Elk Fountain|statue of an elk]] was removed after several bonfires lit beneath the statue caused structural damage to the statue's base.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/07/iconic-portland-elk-statue-removed-from-downtown-after-fire-set-during-protest.html|title=Iconic Portland elk statue removed from downtown after fire set during protest|first=Lizzy Acker | The|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|date=July 2, 2020|website=oregonlive}}</ref> A statue of [[York (explorer)|York]], a Black slave with the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]], was removed by the [[University of Portland]] after it was vandalised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/university-of-portland-takes-down-statue-of-lewis-clark-slave-york.html|title=University of Portland takes down statue of Lewis & Clark slave York|first=K. Rambo | The|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|date=June 18, 2020|website=oregonlive}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, removal efforts and vandalism focused on memorials to figures involved in the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]], [[British Empire|British colonialism]], and [[eugenics]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Statue Of Winston Churchill Is Covered Up In London |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/12/875731303/statue-of-winston-churchill-covered-up-in-london?t=1607257197792 |work=NPR |date=June 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Statue of Queen Victoria defaced in Hyde Park, Leeds |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-52985627 |work=BBC News |date=June 9, 2020}}</ref> In Belgium, sculptures of King [[Leopold II, King of the Belgians|Leopold II]] were targeted due to his rule during the [[Atrocities in the Congo Free State|atrocities]] in the [[Congo Free State]]. In New Zealand, a statue of a British military officer [[John Fane Charles Hamilton|John Hamilton]] was removed, and in India another colonial-era statue was relocated. In South Africa, a bust of [[Cecil Rhodes]] was decapitated, and a statue of the last president of the [[Orange Free State]] was taken down.

This list is limited to successful removals, and instances in which a person or body with authority has committed itself to removal. It does not include the many works that have been the subject of petitions, protests, defacement, or attempted removals, such as the [[Emancipation Memorial]] in Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Hannah |last1=Natanson |first2=Joe |last2=Heim |first3=Michael E. |last3=Miller |first4=Peter |last4=Jamison|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/protesters-denounce-abraham-lincoln-statue-in-dc-urge-removal-of-emancipation-memorial/2020/06/25/02646910-b704-11ea-a510-55bf26485c93_story.html |title=Protesters denounce Abraham Lincoln statue in D.C., urge removal of Emancipation Memorial |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630050130/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/protesters-denounce-abraham-lincoln-statue-in-dc-urge-removal-of-emancipation-memorial/2020/06/25/02646910-b704-11ea-a510-55bf26485c93_story.html |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and many statues of Leopold II in Belgium. It also does not include statues that fell or subject to attempted removals as a result of the [[Rhodes Must Fall]] movement that predates Floyd's murder by five years<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hall|first1=Martin|title=The symbolic statue dividing a South African university|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-31945680|access-date=April 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=March 21, 2021|title=Why Rhodes Must Fall|url=https://harvardpolitics.com/rhodes-must-fall/|access-date=January 19, 2022|website=Harvard Political Review|language=en-US}}</ref> such as the statue of [[Cecil Rhodes]] at [[Oriel College, Oxford]], England.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1046662|desc=The Rhodes Building (North Range), Oriel College|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Pilgrim|first=Tom|title=College's desire to remove Cecil Rhodes statue met with 'cautious' optimism|date=June 18, 2020|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/colleges-desire-to-remove-cecil-rhodes-statue-met-with-cautious-optimism/ar-BB15Ek07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618143934/https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/colleges-desire-to-remove-cecil-rhodes-statue-met-with-cautious-optimism/ar-BB15Ek07|publisher=MSN|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 20, 2021|title=Cecil Rhodes statue will not be removed by Oxford college|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-57175057|access-date=May 20, 2021}}</ref>

== Sculptures and other monuments ==
The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests, mainly due to their connections to [[racism]]. The majority are in the [[United States]] and mostly commemorate the [[Confederate States of America]] (CSA), but some monuments were also [[Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests|removed in other countries]], for example the statues of [[History of slavery|slave trade]]rs in the United Kingdom.

Notes:
* {{legend|#FFD|outline=#AAA|The monument or memorial is scheduled to be removed but is still standing.}}
* {{legend|#DFF|outline=#AAA|The monument or memorial has been reinstated (not necessarily in the same location).}}
* Dates are in 2020 unless otherwise specified.

===United States===
The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests due to their association with [[racism in the United States]]. Most commemorated people involved in the [[Lost Cause of the Confederacy]], with others linked to the [[genocide of Native Americans|genocide of Indigenous people]], [[segregation in the United States|Racial segregation in the United States]] and also other related issues. In a few instances, like the Montgomery County Confederate Soldiers Monument and the [[statue of John Mason]], the monuments had already been moved from their original location, sometimes more than once, as different venues objected.

====Confederate monuments====
{{for|a broader overview of this topic, including removals before the George Floyd protests|Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials}}
The [[Confederate States of America]] fought a four-year war (the [[American Civil War]]) to preserve the institution of slavery. After its defeat, all enslaved [[African Americans]] were freed and became citizens with the same rights as whites. Confederate monuments commemorate politicians, [[Confederate States Army|Army]] officers, and soldiers of the Confederacy. Most are in the former CSA states.

This table does not include Virginia, which is in a second table that follows.



{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! City
! State, etc.
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Charles Linn]]
|
| [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]]
| Alabama
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.05.31|format=mdy}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Toppled by protesters who unsuccessfully attempted to remove the nearby [[Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Birmingham, Alabama)|Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument]].
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelley |first1=Alexandra |title=Protesters topple Confederate monument in Birmingham |url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/500437-protesters-topple-confederate-monument-in-birmingham |website=The Hill |access-date=June 4, 2020 |date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604183629/https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/500437-protesters-topple-confederate-monument-in-birmingham |archive-date=June 4, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Birmingham, Alabama)|Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument]]
|
| [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]]
| Alabama
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.05.31|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.01|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| The mayor said that the $25,000 fine for violating the [[Alabama Memorial Preservation Act]] was more affordable than the cost of continued unrest. The fine was paid by July 10.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary for a racist symbol: Birmingham takes down Confederate monument after 115 years|date=June 2, 2020|newspaper=[[al.com]]|first=Connor|last=Sheets|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/obituary-for-a-racist-symbol-birmingham-takes-down-confederate-monument-after-115-years.html|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603105943/https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/obituary-for-a-racist-symbol-birmingham-takes-down-confederate-monument-after-115-years.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Alabama attorney general sues Birmingham for removing Confederate monument|date=June 2, 2020|url=https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2020/06/alabama-attorney-general-sues-birmingham-for-removing-confederate-monument.html|newspaper=[[al.com]]|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603120959/https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2020/06/alabama-attorney-general-sues-birmingham-for-removing-confederate-monument.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Confederate monuments targeted by protests come down in Alabama, Virginia, Florida|agency=Associated Press|first1=Jay|last1=Reeves|date=June 2, 2020|newspaper=[[WPBI-LD]] (mynbc15.com)|url=https://mynbc15.com/news/nation-world/confederate-monuments-targeted-by-protests-come-down-in-alabama-virginia-florida|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603223306/https://mynbc15.com/news/nation-world/confederate-monuments-targeted-by-protests-come-down-in-alabama-virginia-florida|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Madison>{{cite news
|title=Activists raise money to pay fine to remove Confederate statue outside Madison County Courthouse
|date=July 12, 2020
|first=Ethan
|last=Fitzgerald
|newspaper=[[WHNT]]
|url=https://whnt.com/news/activists-raise-money-to-pay-fine-to-remove-confederate-statue-outside-madison-county-courthouse/
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Bust of Robert E. Lee
|
| [[Fort Myers, Florida|Fort Myers]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.01|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.01|format=mdy}}
| Removed by [[Sons of Confederate Veterans]]
| Removed from downtown by its owner, the Sons of Confederate Veterans.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sons of Confederate Veterans remove Robert E. Lee bust from downtown Fort Myers|date=June 1, 2020|url=https://www.nbc-2.com/story/42197626/sons-of-the-confederacy-remove-robert-e-lee-bust-from-downtown-fort-myers|newspaper=[[WBBH]] (nbc-2.com)|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603220547/https://www.nbc-2.com/story/42197626/sons-of-the-confederacy-remove-robert-e-lee-bust-from-downtown-fort-myers|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Robert E. Lee at [[Robert E. Lee High School (Montgomery, Alabama)|Robert E. Lee High School]]
|
| [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]
| Alabama
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.01|format=mdy}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Four people were charged with felony criminal mischief over removal of this statue.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=4 face felony charge for bringing down Robert E. Lee High statue|date=June 2, 2020|last=Cason|first=Mike|newspaper=[[al.com]]|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/4-face-felony-charge-for-bringing-down-robert-e-lee-high-statue.html|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603105649/https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/4-face-felony-charge-for-bringing-down-robert-e-lee-high-statue.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Bentonville Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:09-02-06-BentonvilleConfed-monument.jpg|100px|Bentonville Confederate Monument]]
| [[Bentonville, Arkansas|Bentonville]]
| Arkansas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.01|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.09.02|format=mdy}}
| Plans for removal by [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]]
| Removal announced during protests
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Agreement will remove Confederate statue|first=Tracy|last=Neal|date=June 3, 2020|newspaper=[[Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette]]|url=https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2020/jun/03/agreement-will-remove-confederate-statu/|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609152656/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2020/jun/03/agreement-will-remove-confederate-statu/|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Confederate monument in Bentonville taken down|date=September 2, 2020|newspaper=katv|url=https://katv.com/news/local/confederate-monument-in-bentonville-taken-down|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Athens Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:ConfederateMonumentAthensGA.jpg|100px|Athens Confederate Monument]]
| [[Athens, Georgia|Athens]]
| Georgia
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.02|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.08.10|format=mdy}}
| Removed by the city
| The mayor and city commissioners announced plans to remove the monument.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Athens mayor and commissioners call to move Confederate memorial|date=June 3, 2020|first=Lee|last=Shearer|url=https://www.onlineathens.com/news/20200603/athens-mayor-and-commissioners-call-to-move-confederate-memorial|newspaper=[[Athens Banner-Herald]]|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604104738/https://www.onlineathens.com/news/20200603/athens-mayor-and-commissioners-call-to-move-confederate-memorial|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Mayor orders county to look into removing Confederate monument downtown, commissioners speak on protest|first1=Hadley|last1=Rawlins|first2=Jacqueline|last2=GaNun|date=June 3, 2020|newspaper=[[The Red & Black (University of Georgia)|The Red & Black]]|url=https://www.redandblack.com/athensnews/mayor-orders-county-to-look-into-removing-confederate-monument-downtown-commissioners-speak-on-protest/article_1db335a0-a5a9-11ea-845e-bf003e49571c.html|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604110427/https://www.redandblack.com/athensnews/mayor-orders-county-to-look-into-removing-confederate-monument-downtown-commissioners-speak-on-protest/article_1db335a0-a5a9-11ea-845e-bf003e49571c.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Crews to begin work to move Confederate monument in Athens|first=Donesha|last=Aldridge|date=August 10, 2020|publisher=11Alive|url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/mynews/athens/athens-downtown-confederate-monument-to-be-moved/85-9f0ae40f-0b92-48db-9730-d2571b272eac|access-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Nash County Confederate Monument]]
|
| [[Rocky Mount, North Carolina|Rocky Mount]]
| North Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.02|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.30|format=mdy}}
| Dismantled and placed in storage
| The City Council of Rocky Mount voted to remove the monument.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Rocky Mount mayor says city council votes to remove Confederate monument at local park|date=June 2, 2020|newspaper=[[wral.com]]|url=https://www.wral.com/rocky-mount-mayor-says-city-council-votes-to-remove-confederate-monument-at-local-park/19126999/|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603141633/https://www.wral.com/rocky-mount-mayor-says-city-council-votes-to-remove-confederate-monument-at-local-park/19126999/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Rocky Mount removes Confederate monument|date=June 30, 2020|newspaper=The Enterprise|url=https://www.springhopeenterprise.com/stories/rocky-mount-removes-confederate-monument,211228|access-date=June 30, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709023216/https://www.springhopeenterprise.com/stories/rocky-mount-removes-confederate-monument,211228|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis)|Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument]]
| [[File:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Indianapolis 05.jpg|100px|Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument]]
| [[Indianapolis]]
| Indiana
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.04|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.08|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
|A resolution to remove the monument passed the Indianapolis Parks Board in 2017, but was not funded. The mayor announced it would be removed.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indianapolis Confederate monument once embraced by KKK to be removed amid George Floyd protests|agency=Associated Press|url=https://abc7chicago.com/indy-protests-hammond-indianapolis-indiana/6232820/|date=June 5, 2020|publisher=[[WLS-TV]] (abc7chicago)|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605154804/https://abc7chicago.com/indy-protests-hammond-indianapolis-indiana/6232820/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wlfi.com/content/news/Indianapolis-to-dismantle-Confederate-monument-in-park-571043581.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[WFLI-TV]]|date=June 5, 2020|title=Indianapolis to dismantle Confederate monument in park|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605192643/https://www.wlfi.com/content/news/Indianapolis-to-dismantle-Confederate-monument-in-park-571043581.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Deliso |first1=Meredith |title=Statues of Confederate figures, slave owners come down amid protests |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/virginia-indiana-joining-taking-confederate-monuments/story?id=71066712 |work=ABC News |date=June 7, 2020 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608043059/https://abcnews.go.com/US/virginia-indiana-joining-taking-confederate-monuments/story?id=71066712 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Raphael Semmes]]
| [[File:Statue of Rear Admiral Raphael Semmes, Mobile, Alabama LCCN2010637101.jpg|100px|Statue of Raphael Semmes]]
| [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]]
| Alabama
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.05|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.05|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| Statue of Confederate Navy Admiral [[Raphael Semmes]] removed from downtown on orders of Mayor [[Sandy Stimpson]]. The $25,000 fine was paid by July 10.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Alabama city removes Confederate statue without warning|first=Nelson|last=Oliveira|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|date=June 5, 2020|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-mobile-alabama-removes-confederate-statue-without-warning-20200605-qs7oukxzrnapnmgu2risqvqms4-story.html|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605190725/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-mobile-alabama-removes-confederate-statue-without-warning-20200605-qs7oukxzrnapnmgu2risqvqms4-story.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Mobile mayor, Confederate descendants battle over monument's fate
|first=John
|last=Sharp
|date=June 17, 2020
|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/mobile-mayor-confederate-descendants-battle-over-monuments-fate.html
|newspaper=[[al.com]]
|access-date=June 18, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617232810/https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/mobile-mayor-confederate-descendants-battle-over-monuments-fate.html
|archive-date=June 17, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref> <ref name=Madison/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Sam Davis (Montgomery Bell Academy)|Statue of Sam Davis]]
|
| [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]
| Tennessee
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.05|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.12|format=mdy}}
| Removed by school
| Statue of Confederate soldier [[Sam Davis]] removed from the campus of [[Montgomery Bell Academy]].
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Statue of Confederate soldier will be removed from Montgomery Bell Academy campus|publisher=[[WKRN]]|first=Josh|last=Breslow|url=https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/statue-of-confederate-soldier-to-be-removed-from-montgomery-bell-academy-campus/|date=June 5, 2020|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605190749/https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/statue-of-confederate-soldier-to-be-removed-from-montgomery-bell-academy-campus/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Nashville school removes Confederate soldier Sam Davis statue|publisher=[[WZTV]]|first=Kaylin|last=Jorge|url=https://fox17.com/news/local/montgomery-county-school-to-remove-confederate-soldier-sam-davis-statue|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 12, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[John B. Castleman Monument]]
| [[File:John B. Castleman Monument.jpg|100px|John B. Castleman Monument]]
| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]
| Kentucky
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.08|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.08|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| Statue of [[John Breckinridge Castleman]] removed to be placed at his burial site at [[Cave Hill Cemetery]].
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tobin |first1=Ben |title=Controversial John B. Castleman statue removed at Cherokee Triangle |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/06/08/john-b-castleman-statue-louisville-taken-down-cherokee-triangle/3173739001/ |work=The Courier-Journal |date=June 8, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| University of Alabama Confederate Memorial
| [[File:University of Alabama memorial.png|100px|Christopher Columbus statue]]
| [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama|Tuscaloosa]]
| Alabama
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| Removed by University.
| The memorial was formerly located near the Gorgas Library. Three Confederate plaques were also removed from the university grounds.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Stephanie|date=June 9, 2020|url=https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/news/20200609/university-of-alabama-removes-confederate-monument|title=University of Alabama removes Confederate monument|work=Tuscaloosa News|access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Memorial (Jacksonville, Florida)|Jacksonville Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:Confederate Monument, Hemming Park.JPG|100px|Jacksonville Confederate Monument]]
| [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| Overnight removed the monument from a Confederate monument in [[Hemming Park]], leaving an empty pedestal.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news4jax.com/news/2020/06/09/confederate-statue-removed-from-jacksonville-park-by-city-crews-overnight/|title=Confederate statue removed from park overnight; others in Jacksonville also coming down|first=Ashley Harding, Kelly Wiley, Jim Piggott, Joy|last=Purdy|date=June 9, 2020|website=WJXT|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609201743/https://www.news4jax.com/news/2020/06/09/confederate-statue-removed-from-jacksonville-park-by-city-crews-overnight/ |archive-date=June 9, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Denton Confederate Soldier Monument]]
| [[File:CSA monument, Denton, Texas.jpeg|100px|Denton Confederate Soldier Memorial]]
| [[Denton, Texas|Denton]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.25|format=mdy}}
|Removed by county
|Denton County commissioners voted to remove and relocate the monument.
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 9, 2020|title=Denton, Tarrant counties vote to remove Confederate monuments|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/06/09/denton-tarrant-counties-vote-to-removed-confederate-monuments-from-cities/|access-date=June 10, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610203004/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/06/09/denton-tarrant-counties-vote-to-removed-confederate-monuments-from-cities/|archive-date=June 10, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Man Spent 20 Years Protesting Confederate Monument, It's Now Being Removed
|first=Khaleda
|last=Rahman
|date=June 23, 2020
|newspaper=[[Newsweek]]
|url=https://www.newsweek.com/man-spent-20-years-protesting-confederate-monument-its-now-being-removed-1512774
|access-date=June 23, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624104256/https://www.newsweek.com/man-spent-20-years-protesting-confederate-monument-its-now-being-removed-1512774
|archive-date=June 24, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref> <ref>Roth, Brian (June 25, 2020). [https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/the-call-for-change/denton-confederate-monument-removal-begins/2395300/ Crews Dismantle Confederate Memorial in Denton's Downtown Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628055115/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/the-call-for-change/denton-confederate-monument-removal-begins/2395300/ |date=June 28, 2020 }}. ''NBC 5''. Retrieved June 26, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| {{sort|Grandstand|The Grandstand}} Confederate Memorial Services
|
| [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by city
| Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this in [[Old City Cemetery (Jacksonville, Florida)|Old City Cemetery]].
|<ref name="Jacksonville" />
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Monument (Fort Worth, Texas)|Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:United Daughters of the Confederacy war memorial, Fort Worth.jpg|100px|Monument to Confederate war soldiers]]
| [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
| Removed by Tarrant County
| County commission voted to remove the monument in front of [[Tarrant County Courthouse]].
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Tarrant County commissioners vote to remove Confederate monument from courthouse yard|first=Anna M.|last=Tinsley|date=June 9, 2020|newspaper=[[Star-Telegram]]|url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article243377186.html|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609203327/https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article243377186.html|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article243542782.html|title=Tarrant County removes Confederate marker from courthouse|date=June 15, 2020|first1=Anna M.|last1=Tinsley|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617211423/https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/article243542782.html|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy]]
| [[File:Tribute to Women of the Confederacy, Confederate Park, Jacksonville.jpg|100px|Monument to the Women of the Southland]]
| [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.09|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2023.12.27|format=mdy}}
| Removed by order of Mayor [[Donna Deegan]]
| Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this one in Confederate Park, since renamed [[Springfield Park (Jacksonville)|Springfield Park]].
|<ref name="Jacksonville">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jacksonville.com/news/20200610/list-here-are-11-jacksonville-civil-war-monuments-markers-coming-down|title=LIST: Here are the 11 Jacksonville Civil War monuments, markers coming down|first=Emily|last=Bloch|website=The Florida Times-Union|access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615211813/https://www.jacksonville.com/news/20200610/list-here-are-11-jacksonville-civil-war-monuments-markers-coming-down|archive-date=June 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/27/confederate-monument-removed-jacksonville-florida/72043093007/|title=Jacksonville mayor removes Confederate monument while GOP official decries 'cancel culture'|last1=Bauerlein|first1=David|last2=Nguyen|first2=Thao|date=December 27, 2023|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Multiple historic markers
|
| [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.10|format=mdy}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by Mayor [[Lenny Curry]]
| Announced plans to remove all Confederate monuments including these 8 items: Maple Leaf at [[Northbank Riverwalk]], Maple Leaf at Walter Jones Historical Park, Florida Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home marker in [[Old City Cemetery (Jacksonville, Florida)|Old City Cemetery]], Line of Entrenchment at [[Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center|old Jacksonville Terminal]], Skirmish At Cedar Creek at Lenox Avenue, 1914 United Confederate Veterans Reunion at Confederate Park (now [[Springfield Park (Jacksonville)|Springfield Park]]), 23 informational signs and 58 tree signs at [[Camp Milton Historic Preserve]], and In Memory of Our Beloved Ancestors – Ground Marker at [[Old City Cemetery (Jacksonville, Florida)|Old City Cemetery]].
| {{r|Jacksonville}}
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Soldier Memorial (Huntsville, Alabama)|Confederate Soldier Memorial]]
| [[File:Confederate soldier statue located on the square in Huntsville, Alabama LCCN2010639593.jpg|100px|Confederate Soldier Memorial]]
| [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]]
| Alabama
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.10|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.10.23|format=mdy}}
| Removal authorized by unanimous vote of Madison County Commission. State review committee said they did not have legal authority to authorize removal; referred to Alabama Attorney General. Activists have raised $25,000 to pay the fine, if removed illegally.
| The memorial, constructed in 1905, was located in front of the Madison County Courthouse. The county would be fined $25,000 if it removed the memorial without state approval under a 2017 law designed to protect historical structures and monuments. The statue, which was owned by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, was gradually removed on October 23, 2020.
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 10, 2020|title=Madison County Commission votes to remove statue|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/madison-county-commission-to-consider-removal-of-confederate-statue-in-huntsville.html|access-date=June 12, 2020|website=al|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616003911/https://www.al.com/news/2020/06/madison-county-commission-to-consider-removal-of-confederate-statue-in-huntsville.html|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Madison/> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Madison County Monument Relocation Request Punted to Attorney General
|url=https://www.waaytv.com/content/news/Madison-County-monument-relocation-request-punted-to-Alabama-Attorney-General-571737161.html
|newspaper=[[WAAY]]
|date=July 12, 2020
|access-date=July 13, 2020
|archive-date=July 13, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713131624/https://www.waaytv.com/content/news/Madison-County-monument-relocation-request-punted-to-Alabama-Attorney-General-571737161.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> <ref name=huntsvilleremoval>{{cite news|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/10/confederate-monument-in-huntsville-removed-overnight.html|title=Confederate monument in Huntsville removed overnight|publisher=AL.com|date=October 23, 2020|access-date=November 2, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Gloria Victis (Confederate monument)|Gloria Victis]]''
| [[File:Confederate Memorial - cropped.jpg|100px|Gloria Victis]]
| [[Salisbury, North Carolina|Salisbury]]
| North Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.07.06|format=md}}–7, 2020 
| Two unanimous votes by city council, plus police chief declared it a risk to public safety
| June 20, [[United Daughters of the Confederacy|UDC]] signed the city's proposal to have the sculpture moved to Old Lutheran Cemetery.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Tentative deal reached to move Salisbury Confederate monument 'Fame,' requires City Council approval|date=June 12, 2020|newspaper=wbtv.com|url=https://www.wbtv.com/2020/06/12/tentative-deal-reached-move-salisbury-confederate-monument-fame-requires-city-council-approval/|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613011455/https://www.wbtv.com/2020/06/12/tentative-deal-reached-move-salisbury-confederate-monument-fame-requires-city-council-approval/|archive-date=June 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.salisburypost.com/2020/06/22/udc-signs-agreement-from-city-to-relocate-fame-confederate-statue/|title=UDC signs agreement from city to relocate 'Fame' Confederate statue|date=June 22, 2020|website=Salisbury Post}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|newspaper=[[WBTV]]
|date=July 7, 2020
|title=After 111 years, Salisbury Confederate monument 'Fame' moved
|last=Whisenant
|first=David
|url=https://www.wbtv.com/2020/07/06/after-years-salisbury-confederate-monument-fame-is-now-being-moved/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Spirit of the Confederacy]]''
| [[File:Spirit of the Confederacy, Sam Houston Park (cropped).JPG|100px|Spirit of the Confederacy]]
| [[Houston]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.17|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| To be moved to the [[Houston Museum of African American Culture]].
|<ref name=houston_12Jun20>{{cite news |author= |title=Houston to remove Confederate statues from city parks |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/06/12/houston-to-remove-confederate-statues-from-city-parks/ |url-access=limited |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas |agency=Associated Press |date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612152429/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/06/12/houston-to-remove-confederate-statues-from-city-parks/ |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=President of Houston NAACP condemns relocation of confederate statue to African-American museum |first=Syan |last=Rhodes |newspaper=[[KPRC-TV]] (Click2Houston) |date=June 15, 2020 |url=https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2020/06/16/president-of-houston-naacp-condemns-relocation-of-confederate-statue-to-african-american-museum |access-date=June 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616014900/https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2020/06/16/president-of-houston-naacp-condemns-relocation-of-confederate-statue-to-african-american-museum/ |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc13.com/6251755/|title=Spirit of Confederacy statue removed from Houston park after 112 years|first=Courtney|last=Fischer|date=June 17, 2020|website=ABC13 Houston|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617144346/https://abc13.com/6251755/|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Richard W. Dowling]]
| [[File:Richard Dowling Statue.jpg|100px|Statue of Richard W. Dowling]]
| [[Houston]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.17|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city, disassembled and placed in storage
| Initial plans to relocate the statue of [[Richard W. Dowling|Dick Dowling]] to [[Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site]] were scuttled following objections by the mayor of [[Port Arthur, Texas|Port Arthur]]. Final disposition uncertain.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bain |first1=Kaitlin |title=Plan to move a Confederate statue to Port Arthur appears stalled |url=https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Happening-now-Bartie-news-conference-on-15336444.php |work=Beaumont Enterprise |date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613114158/https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Happening-now-Bartie-news-conference-on-15336444.php |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=houston_12Jun20/>
<ref>{{cite news|first=Deborah|last=Wrigley|title=Statue of Confederate commander Dick Dowling removed from Hermann Park|url=https://abc13.com/confederate-statue-taken-down-in-houston/6252667/|website=[[KTRK-TV|KTRK]]|date=June 17, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{anchor|Gadsden Confederate Memorial}} [[Gadsden Confederate Memorial]]
| [[File:Confederate Monument, Quincy (cropped).jpg|100px|Gadsden Confederate Memorial]]
| [[Quincy, Florida|Quincy]]
| Florida
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| Crane to remove it appeared 30 minutes after county commissioners' unanimous vote.
| Removed from the front of the Gadsden County Courthouse. Will be relocated within six months.
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Spencer |first1=Brandon |title=Gadsden County removes Confederate statue in Quincy |url=https://www.wctv.tv/content/news/Gadsden-County-removes-confederate-statue--571205051.html |publisher=WCTV |date=June 11, 2020 |language=en |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613113745/https://www.wctv.tv/content/news/Gadsden-County-removes-confederate-statue--571205051.html |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Gadsden County commissioners vote to remove, relocate Confederate Memorial |url=https://www.wtxl.com/news/local-news/gadsden-county-commissioners-vote-to-remove-relocate-confederate-memorial |publisher=WTXL |date=June 11, 2020 |language=en |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614113459/https://www.wtxl.com/news/local-news/gadsden-county-commissioners-vote-to-remove-relocate-confederate-memorial |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title= How a big city lawyer took on a small town Florida Confederate monument — and won
|first=James
|last=Call
|newspaper=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]
|date=June 23, 2020
|url= https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/23/how-florida-attorney-charles-gee-toppled-confederate-memorial/3213580001/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate War Memorial (Dallas)|Confederate War Memorial]]
| [[File:Monument1.JPG|100px|The Confederate War Memorial in 2006]]
| [[Dallas]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.12|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.24|format=mdy}}
| Removed by city
| Placed in storage to prevent protester injuries during potential vandalism attempts, pending resolution of preexisting legal dispute over disposition.
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Scudder |first=Charles |date=June 13, 2020 |title=Confederate monument in Dallas' Pioneer Park can come down, appeals court rules |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/courts/2020/06/13/court-order-grants-dallas-request-to-remove-confederate-monument-from-pioneer-park/ |url-access=limited |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas |access-date=June 14, 2020 |quote=The 5th District Court of Appeals in Dallas agreed with the city and will allow it to remove the monument 'for archival storage pending resolution of the appeal'. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613182619/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/courts/2020/06/13/court-order-grants-dallas-request-to-remove-confederate-monument-from-pioneer-park/ |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> 
<ref name=DMN_24Jun20>{{cite news |last1=Hoyt |first1=Joseph |last2=Marfin |first2=Catherine |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Workers remove last of Confederate monument in downtown Dallas |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/06/24/workers-remove-last-of-confederate-monument-in-downtown-dallas/ |url-access=limited |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas |access-date=June 24, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[DeKalb County Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:DeKalb CH South1.JPG|100px|DeKalb County Confederate Monument]]
| [[Decatur, Georgia|Decatur]]
| Georgia
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.12|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.18|format=mdy}}
|Monument removal ordered by Georgia Superior Court Justice
|The monument was ordered removed by Superior Court Justice Clarence Seeliger on the grounds that it constituted a [[public nuisance]] under the Georgia code.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://decaturish.com/2020/06/judge-orders-removal-of-confederate-monument-in-decatur-square/|title=Judge orders removal of Confederate monument in Decatur Square|date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614003610/https://decaturish.com/2020/06/judge-orders-removal-of-confederate-monument-in-decatur-square/ |archive-date=June 14, 2020 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Confederate obelisk removed from Georgia square amid cheers |url=https://apnews.com/6c2f93bf5d7c2fab34ff136f47512f8a |work=Associated Press |date=June 19, 2020 |access-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619121625/https://apnews.com/6c2f93bf5d7c2fab34ff136f47512f8a |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Jefferson Davis (Frankfort, Kentucky)|Statue of Jefferson Davis]]
| [[File:Jefferson Davis by Frederick Cleveland Hibbard - Kentucky State Capitol - DSC09226.JPG|100px]]
| Frankfort
| Kentucky
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.12|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
| Removed by state
| The Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted to move the statue from the capitol rotunda to the [[Jefferson Davis State Historic Site]]. Removed the following day.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/jefferson-davis-statue-removal-process-underway|title=Jefferson Davis statue removal process underway|date=June 13, 2020|publisher=WLEX|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613160702/https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/jefferson-davis-statue-removal-process-underway|archive-date=June 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Stand Watie]] and Confederate Soldier Fountain
| [[File:GENERAL VIEW OF FRONT ELEVATION WITH OBELISK MONUMENT IN FOREGROUND, FROM WEST - Cherokee National Capitol Building, 101-29 South Muskogee Avenue, Tahlequah, Cherokee County, OK HABS OKLA,11-TAHL,2-2.tif|100px]]
| [[Tahlequah, Oklahoma|Tahlequah]]
| Oklahoma
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
|Removed by [[Cherokee Nation]]
| Watie headed the Confederate-allied Cherokee. The fountain was dedicated in 1913 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation.
| <ref name=stand>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/time-for-a-change-cherokee-nation-removes-monuments-dedicated-to-confederate-soldiers/article_901f5b5f-7bc8-5a51-9220-279a7046a5e2.html|title='Time for a change:' Cherokee Nation removes monuments dedicated to Confederate soldiers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613222846/https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/time-for-a-change-cherokee-nation-removes-monuments-dedicated-to-confederate-soldiers/article_901f5b5f-7bc8-5a51-9220-279a7046a5e2.html |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |date=June 13, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Stand Watie]] Monument
|
| [[Tahlequah, Oklahoma|Tahlequah]]
| Oklahoma
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.13|format=mdy}}
|Removed by [[Cherokee Nation]]
| The monument was dedicated in 1921 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation.
|<ref name='stand'/>
}}
{{RM row
| Pitt County Confederate Soldiers Monument
| [[File:Confederate statue - Pitt County Courthouse - Greenville, North Carolina.jpg|100px]]
| [[Greenville, North Carolina|Greenville]]
| North Carolina
| June 15, 2020
| June 22, 2020
| Removed by county
| County, which owns the statue, voted to remove immediately under "reason of threatened public safety".
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.witn.com/content/news/Pitt-County-Board-of-Commissioners-vote-to-remove-Confederate-statue-571280041.html|title=Confederate statue removal soon after Monday night vote|website=witn.com|date=June 15, 2020|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616085856/https://www.witn.com/content/news/Pitt-County-Board-of-Commissioners-vote-to-remove-Confederate-statue-571280041.html|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title= NC county removes Confederate monument outside of courthouse
|date=June 22, 2020
|publisher=[[WSPA-TV|WSPA]]
|author=[[WNCT-TV|WNCT]] staff
|url= https://www.wspa.com/news/state-news/nc-county-removes-confederate-monument-outside-of-courthouse/}}</ref>
}}
{{ RM row |p=y
| [[Washington County, Mississippi]] Confederate Monument
|
| [[Greenville, Mississippi|Greenville]]
| Mississippi
| June 16
|
|
| County commission voted 4–1 to move the monument from its position in front of courthouse.
| <ref name="Delta">{{Cite web |last=Steverson |first=Jasmine |date=June 15, 2020 |title=Supervisors to Remove Confederate Statue |url=https://www.ddtonline.com/front-page-slideshow-news-breaking-news/supervisors-remove-confederate-statue#sthash.W0Zbapbv.dpbs |website=Delta Democrat-Times}}</ref>

}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Iberville Parish]] Confederate Monument
|
| [[Plaquemine]]
| Louisiana
| June 16
|
|
| Parish Council voted unanimously for removal.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=The Iberville Parish Council voted Tuesday night (June 16) to remove a Confederate era statue from in front of the old courthouse in Plaquemine
|newspaper=[[WAFB]]
|date=June 17, 2020
|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/iberville-parish-council-votes-to-remove-confederate-statue-from-in-front-of-old-courthouse/ar-BB15A6kw}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=36-hour flurry of activity leads to removal of Iberville's century-old Confederate statue
|first=Youssef
|last=Rddad
|date= June 17, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)]]
|url= https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/westside/article_8cdc7bb4-b0ce-11ea-8c41-d3b05fe45aca.html}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Zebulon Baird Vance Monument]]
| [[File:Vance Monument - Asheville, NC.jpg|100px]]
| [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]]
| North Carolina
| June 16
| Started May 18, 2021
| Asheville City Council and Buncombe County Council
| City and County councils both unanimously passed a joint-resolution to remove monument.
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wyff4.com/article/city-of-asheville-passes-resolution-to-remove-vance-monument-other-confederate-monuments/32830776|title=Buncombe County Council passes joint resolution to remove Vance Monument, other Confederate monuments|first=Madeleine|last=Hackett|date=June 17, 2020|publisher=WYFF|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616153636/https://www.wyff4.com/article/city-of-asheville-passes-resolution-to-remove-vance-monument-other-confederate-monuments/32830776|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Group files appeal after lawsuit to block Vance Monument's removal dismissed by judge
|date=May 18, 2021
|newspaper=[[WMYA-TV]]
|url=https://my40.tv/news/local/group-files-appeal-after-lawsuit-to-block-vance-monuments-removal-dismissed-by-judge
|access-date=May 25, 2021
|archive-date=May 22, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522160334/https://my40.tv/news/local/group-files-appeal-after-lawsuit-to-block-vance-monuments-removal-dismissed-by-judge
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Montgomery County Confederate Soldiers Monument
|
| [[White's Ferry]], [[Dickerson, Maryland|Dickerson]]
| Maryland
|
| June 16
| Removed by private owner, who also renamed Gen. [[Jubal A. Early]] ferry boat.
| Until 2017, had stood in front of the [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery County]] courthouse in [[Rockville, Maryland]].
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=A Confederate statue is toppled in rural Maryland, then quietly stored away
|first=Rebecca
|last=Tan
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/whites-ferry-confederate-statue/2020/07/04/e717b18e-bb3c-11ea-bdaf-a129f921026f_story.html
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Hey Reb! (sculpture)|Hey Reb!]]''
|
| [[Las Vegas]]
| [[Nevada]]
| June 16
| June 16
| Removed by the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]
| The statue is a representation of [[Hey Reb!]], the mascot of the [[UNLV Rebels]]. It was donated to the university in 2007 and was situated outside the Richard Tam Alumni Center before its removal.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/Sports/ncaabk/unlv-removes-confederate-themed-rebel-statue-in-wake-of-protests-against-racial-injustice/ar-BB15ACcY?ocid=sf|title=UNLV removes Confederate-themed 'rebel' statue in wake of protests against racial injustice|website=www.msn.com|date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619083231/https://www.msn.com/en-us/Sports/ncaabk/unlv-removes-confederate-themed-rebel-statue-in-wake-of-protests-against-racial-injustice/ar-BB15ACcY?ocid=sf |archive-date=June 19, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to 60th Regiment NC Volunteers and [[Battle of Chickamauga]]
|
| [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]]
| [[North Carolina]]
| June 17
| July 14
| Removed by [[Buncombe County, North Carolina|Buncombe County]] Commission
| Formerly located in front of the county courthouse.
| <ref name="Asheville">{{Cite web|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/confederate-monuments-to-be-moved-from-downtown-asheville|title=Confederate monuments to be moved from downtown Asheville|website=wlos.com|date=June 17, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617143121/https://wlos.com/news/local/confederate-monuments-to-be-moved-from-downtown-asheville|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title= Confederate monument in front of Buncombe County courthouse removed|first=Kristy|last=Kepley-Steward|url=https://wcti12.com/news/state-news/confederate-monument-in-front-of-buncombe-county-courthouse-removed|website=[[WLOS]]|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=Nclawyers>{{cite news
|title= Confederate monument removed from Buncombe Co. courthouse
|date=July 15, 2020
|agency=Associated Press
|url=https://nclawyersweekly.com/2020/07/15/confederate-monument-removed-from-buncombe-county-courthouse/
|newspaper=North Carolina Lawyers Weekly}}
</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway, Colonel John Connally Marker
| [[File:Confederate Memorial, Asheville, NC (45829088515).jpg|100px]]
| [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]]
| [[North Carolina]]
| June 17
| July 10
| Removed jointly Buncombe County Commission and City of Asheville
| Placed in storage. Base left for any future use of the site.
| <ref name="Asheville" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title= Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|first=Kristy|last=Kepley-Steward|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|website=[[WLOS]]|date=July 10, 2020|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Cow Cavalry Monument
|
| [[Plant City, Florida|Plant City]]
| Florida
| June 18
| June 11 (one week before announcement)
| Removed by city council, placed in storage
| Monument to [[1st Florida Special Cavalry Battalion]] also known as the "Cow Cavalry" due to them protecting farmlands during the war. Monument was placed by United Daughters of the Confederacy in 2007 on public land without city approval. City requesting UDC to retrieve monument from storage.
| <ref>{{Cite web|title= Confederate monument removed by city of plant city|first=Breanne|last=Williams|url=https://www.plantcityobserver.com/confederate-monument-removed-by-city-of-plant-city/|newspaper=Plant City Observer|date=June 18, 2020|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Jefferson Davis Memorial Boulder
|
| [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]]
| Texas
|
| June 17
| Removed by city
| Removed from Washington Park.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valleymorningstar.com/2020/06/17/jefferson-davis-memorial-removed-washington-park/|title=Jefferson Davis Memorial removed from Washington Park|first=Nubia|last=Reyna|date=June 17, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625214704/https://www.valleymorningstar.com/2020/06/17/jefferson-davis-memorial-removed-washington-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Robert E. Lee]] Highway Marker
|
| [[San Diego]]
| California
|
| June 18
|Removed by San Diego Parks and Recreation and Stockdale Capital Partners
| The marker was located in the [[Horton Plaza Park]] prior to its removal.
|<ref name=stand2>Rendon-Alvarez, Karla. [https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/horton-plazas-robert-e-lee-marker-removed/2349550/ "Horton Plaza's Robert E. Lee Marker Removed"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618212536/https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/horton-plazas-robert-e-lee-marker-removed/2349550/ |date=June 18, 2020 }}. ''NBC7 San Diego''. June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|[[Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards]]
|[[File:Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards.JPG|100px|Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards]]
|[[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]]
|Arkansas
|
|June 18
|Removed by city
|The statue will be placed in storage until a location can be found for it.
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Little Rock removes Confederate statue from city park |url=https://apnews.com/92cd3af1c579f77df27fddd0fc694d3c |work=Associated Press |date=June 19, 2020 |access-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620222359/https://apnews.com/92cd3af1c579f77df27fddd0fc694d3c |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|North Carolina State Confederate Monument
|[[File:Raleigh confederate monument.jpg|100px|North Carolina State Confederate Monument]]
|[[Raleigh]]
|North Carolina
|June 19
|June 19
|Two statues toppled by protesters; remainder removed by work crew
|Protesters pulled down the two statues at the base of the monument, dragging one through the streets and hanging it from a street light. Removal of remainder ordered by Governor [[Roy Cooper]] shortly afterward.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc11.com/6256848/|title=Demonstrators topple 2 statues from Confederate monument outside NC Capitol building|first=Josh|last=Chapin|date=June 20, 2020|website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham}}</ref> <ref name="raleigh.observer" />
}}
{{RM row|r=y
|[[Albert Pike Memorial]]
|[[File:Albert Pike memorial.jpg|100px|The statue of Albert Pike]]
|[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| District of Columbia
|
|June 19
|Toppled and set afire by protesters during [[Juneteenth]]. Later repaired and restored.
|The statue was wrapped in chains before it was toppled. The [[Government of the District of Columbia|D.C. government]] wanted to remove the work in 2017, but could not do so without an act of Congress. The statue was repaired and reinstalled by the NPS on President Trump's orders in October 2025.
|<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/20/protesters-statue-washington-dc-albert-pike-juneteenth-us | title= Protesters topple Confederate general statue in Washington DC and set it on fire | work= The Guardian |agency=Associated Press| access-date = June 20, 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200620111035/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/20/protesters-statue-washington-dc-albert-pike-juneteenth-us |archive-date=June 20, 2020 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/protesters-topple-only-confederate-statue-in-the-nations-capital/2020/06/20/d996348c-b2a8-11ea-8f56-63f38c990077_story.html |title=Protesters topple only Confederate statue in the nation's capital |last=Stein |first=Perry |date=June 20, 2020 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620081753/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/protesters-topple-only-confederate-statue-in-the-nations-capital/2020/06/20/d996348c-b2a8-11ea-8f56-63f38c990077_story.html |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Mayor, D.C. Councilmembers Want Statue Of Confederate General On Federal Land Removed
|first=Rachel
|last=Sadon
|newspaper=DCist ([[WAMU]])
|date=August 15, 2017
|url=https://dcist.com/story/17/08/15/confederate-statue-councilmember/
|access-date=June 22, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208195010/https://dcist.com/story/17/08/15/confederate-statue-councilmember/
|archive-date=December 8, 2019
|url-status=live
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|date=September 22, 2017
|title=D.C. Councilmembers Want Statue Of Confederate General To Come Down, But Congress Is In Their Way
|first=Rachel
|last=Sadon
|newspaper=DCist ([[WAMU]])
|url=https://dcist.com/story/17/09/22/albert-pike-statue/
|access-date=June 22, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623091048/https://dcist.com/story/17/09/22/albert-pike-statue/
|archive-date=June 23, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|date=October 27, 2025
|title=A Confederate statue toppled in Washington, D.C., in 2020 has been reinstalled
|first=Anastasia
|last=Tsioulcas
|work=NPR
|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/10/27/nx-s1-5587824/confederate-statue-albert-pike-trump
|access-date=November 3, 2025}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row
|[[Pine Bluff Confederate Monument]]
|[[File:Pine Bluff Confederate Monument.jpg|100px|The [[Pine Bluff Confederate Monument]]]]
|[[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]]
|Arkansas
|June 20
|June 20
|County judge and United Daughters of the Confederacy
|The statue was removed from the Jefferson County Courthouse as part of a cooperative agreement between Jefferson County Judge Gerald Robinson and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The statue was transferred to an undisclosed location where it can be cleaned and repaired
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/jun/20/pine-bluff-confederate-statue-comes-down-agreement/|title=Pine Bluff Confederate statue comes down in agreement|date=June 20, 2020|website=Arkansas Online}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt]]
| [[File:Henry Lawson Wyatt by Gutzon Borglum - DSC05862.JPG|100px]]
| Raleigh
| North Carolina
| {{sdash}}
| June 21
| Removed by governor's order
| Removal ordered by Governor [[Roy Cooper]] after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument.
| <ref name="raleigh.observer">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article243693472.html|title=To cheers and music, workers dismantling 75-foot Confederate monument at NC Capitol|first1=Virginia|last1=Bridges|first2=Josh|last2=Shaffer|date=June 21, 2020|website=newsobserver.com}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy]]{{efn|Also known as the "Daughters of the Confederacy Monument".}}
| [[File:Women of the Confederacy by Augustus Lukeman - DSC05875.JPG|100px]]
| Raleigh
| North Carolina
| {{sdash}}
| June 21
| Removed by governor's order
| Removal ordered by Governor [[Roy Cooper]] after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument.
| <ref name="raleigh.observer" />
}}
{{RM row
|Confederate Soldiers' Memorial Bridge sign and statue
|
|[[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]]
|Tennessee
|
|Week of June 15
|Removed by city
|The sign and monument were allegedly removed for their own protection.
|<ref>Settle, Jimmy (June 19, 2020). [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/confederate-memorial-monument-bridge-sign-removed-by-city-of-clarksville/ar-BB15FOro Confederate memorial monument, bridge sign removed by city of Clarksville] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622050945/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/confederate-memorial-monument-bridge-sign-removed-by-city-of-clarksville/ar-BB15FOro |date=June 22, 2020 }}. ''Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle''. Retrieved June 22, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|Confederate soldier grave marker
| [[File:ConfederateMonumentGraceChurchSilverSpringMD.jpg|100px]]
|[[Silver Spring, Maryland|Silver Spring]]
| Maryland
|
|June 17
|Toppled by protesters
|The statue was located at Grace Episcopal Church. It marked the remains of seventeen unidentified Confederate soldiers killed during the [[Battle of Fort Stevens]].
|<ref>{{Cite news|first=Nick |last=Iannelli|url=https://wtop.com/montgomery-county/2020/06/grave-marker-for-confederate-troops-is-toppled-in-silver-spring/|title=Grave marker for Confederate troops toppled in Silver Spring|newspaper=Wtop News |date=June 18, 2020|publisher=WTOP|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622053007/https://wtop.com/montgomery-county/2020/06/grave-marker-for-confederate-troops-is-toppled-in-silver-spring/|archive-date=June 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Monument
| [[File:Oxford - Confederate Monument.jpg|100px]]
| [[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]]
| Mississippi
| June 18
| July 14
| Relocated by [[University of Mississippi]]
| The statue was previously located in front of the university's main administration building. It was the site of a pro-segregation riot in 1962 and a pro-Confederate protest in 2019. The statue was previously vandalized by protesters. It will be moved to a Confederate cemetery on campus.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2020/07/14/confederate-monument-ole-miss-statue-being-relocated-cemetery/5433553002/|title=Confederate statue on Ole Miss campus relocated|first=Sarah|last=Fowler|website=[[The Clarion Ledger]]}}</ref> <ref>Wagster, Emily (July 14, 2020). [https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2020-07-14/confederate-statue-being-moved-at-university-of-mississippi Confederate Statue Being Moved at University of Mississippi]. Retrieved July 16, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Confederate Memorial Obelisk
|
| [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]]
| Florida
| June 22
|
| City commissioners voted 3–2 on June 22, 2020, to move the obelisk.
|
| <ref>{{cite news |last=Gardner |first=Sheldon |url=https://www.staugustine.com/news/20200622/st-augustine-commissioners-vote-3-2-to-remove-confederate-memorial |title=St. Augustine commissioners vote 3–2 to remove Confederate memorial |work=The St. Augustine Record |date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623165952/https://www.staugustine.com/news/20200622/st-augustine-commissioners-vote-3-2-to-remove-confederate-memorial |archive-date=June 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| "To our Confederate dead" monument
| [[File:Monument to Our Confederate Soldiers, Louisburg, N.C.jpg|100px|Confederate Monument]]
| [[Louisburg, North Carolina|Louisburg]]
| North Carolina
| June 22
| June 29
| Removed by city
| Louisburg Town Council voted to move the monument to Oakwood Cemetery.
|<ref>{{cite news
|title=Louisburg to move Confederate statue to cemetery
|first=Jack
|last=Kessler
|date=June 22, 2020
|newspaper=Wake Weekly
|url= https://wakeweekly.com/stories/louisburg-to-move-confederate-statue-to-cemetery,210636}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=NC town takes first step in relocating Confederate monument, removing soldier from top
|first=Martha
|last=Quillin
|date=June 30, 2020
|url= https://www.newsobserver.com/article243875862.html
|newspaper=[[News & Observer]]}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Leflore County]] Confederate Monument
|
| [[Greenwood, Mississippi|Greenwood]]
| Mississippi
| June 23
|
|
| County commission voted unanimously to move monument from in front of courthouse.
| <ref name="Commonwealth">{{Cite web |last=Bakst |first=Adam |date=June 23, 2020 |title=Board votes to remove Confederate monument |url=https://www.gwcommonwealth.com/news/article_bc1dc778-b4f9-11ea-a20f-f3b2ccdc4a59.html |access-date=July 10, 2020 |website=Greenwood Commonwealth |archive-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713150315/https://www.gwcommonwealth.com/news/article_bc1dc778-b4f9-11ea-a20f-f3b2ccdc4a59.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Our Confederate Soldiers]]''
| [[File:Confederate Monument, Wiess Park, Beaumont, Texas.jpg|100px]]
| [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]]
| Texas
|June 23
| June 29
|
|City Council of Beaumont voted to remove it.
|<ref>{{cite news
|title= Confederate statue in Beaumont coming down
|first=Kaitlin
|last=Bai
|newspaper=[[Beaumont Enterprise]]
|date=June 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Statue on Confederate monument comes down
|date=June 29, 2020
|url=https://kfdm.com/news/local/developing-statue-on-confederate-monument-comes-down
|newspaper=[[KFDM]]
|access-date=June 29, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630173302/https://kfdm.com/news/local/developing-statue-on-confederate-monument-comes-down
|archive-date=June 30, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Warren County Confederate Soldiers Monument
|
| [[Warrenton, North Carolina|Warrenton]]
| North Carolina
| June 23
| June 24
| Removed by county, placed in storage
| County commissioners unanimously voted to remove monument
|<ref>{{cite news
|title= Confederate monument removed from Courthouse Square
|first=Gary
|last=Band
|url=http://www.warrenrecord.com/collection_477d8b06-b657-11ea-b100-07606fce1c0b.html
|newspaper=The Warrenton Record
|date=June 24, 2020
|access-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''The Granville Gray''
|
| [[Oxford, North Carolina|Oxford]]
| North Carolina
| June 24
| June 24
| Removed by county, placed in storage
| Granville County commissioners voted to remove monument after threats were made to topple monument. County announced that they would vote later on where to relocate monument
|<ref>{{cite news
|title= Granville County Confederate monument removed following 'credible threat'
|newspaper=[[WNCN]]
|date=June 24, 2020
|url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/granville-county-confederate-monument-to-be-removed-following-credible-threat/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|Judah Benjamin marker
|
|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]
|North Carolina
|
|June 24
|Removed by city
|The marker consisted of black granite and located near a sidewalk. It was paid for by a local synagogue in the late 1940s. A local branch of the Daughters of the Confederacy initially proposed placing the marker, but they ceased support after being told not to work with Jews by a New York banker.
|<ref>Feldman, Ari (June 24, 2020). [https://forward.com/news/449396/charlotte-judah-benjamin-confederacy-monument/ There's a memorial in Charlotte to Confederate Judah Benjamin, and the city's Jews want it gone]. ''Forward''. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|Lenoir County Confederate Monument
|
|[[Kinston, North Carolina|Kinston]]
|North Carolina
|June 25
|July 1
|Removed by [[Lenoir County]] Board of Commissioners
|The statue was relocated from the Lenoir County visitor center to the First Battle of Kinston Civil War Battlefield Park. This the fifth time the statue has been moved.
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Confederate statue relocated to Civil War battlefield|first=Megan|last=Scarano|url=https://wcti12.com/news/local/confederate-statue-relocated-to-civil-war-battlefield|website=[[WCTI-TV|WCTI]]|date=July 1, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Memorial (Wilmington, North Carolina)|Confederate Memorial]]
| [[File:Confederate Memorial in Wilmington, NC.jpg|100px|Confederate Memorial]]
| [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| June 25
| Temporarily removed by city
|
|<ref name=Wilmington/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[George Davis Monument]]
| [[File:Georgedavis6.jpg|100px|George Davis Monument]]
| [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| June 25
| Temporarily removed by city
| Davis was a Confederate senator and Attorney General.
|<ref name=Wilmington>{{cite news
|title=Two Confederate statues removed from downtown Wilmington
|first=Jesse
|last=Bowman
|date=June 25, 2020
|newspaper=[[WECT]]
|url=https://www.wect.com/2020/06/25/breaking-confederate-statues-removed-downtown-wilmington/
|access-date=June 26, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626101434/https://www.wect.com/2020/06/25/breaking-confederate-statues-removed-downtown-wilmington/
|archive-date=June 26, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Memorial
| [[File:Minden Confederate monument 1946.jpg|100px]]
| [[Minden, Louisiana|Minden]]
| Louisiana
| Not announced
| June 26
| Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate Memorial removed from Jacqueline Park
|first=Will
|last=Phillips
|date=June 29, 2020
|newspaper=Minden Press-Herald
|url=https://press-herald.com/confederate-memorial-removed-from-jacqueline-park/
|access-date=July 1, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701084855/https://press-herald.com/confederate-memorial-removed-from-jacqueline-park/
|archive-date=July 1, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{ RM row
| Confederate Monument
| [[File:Monument to Confederate Dead in Fayetteville NC image 2.jpg|100px|Confederate Monument]]
| [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| June 27
| Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy
|
| <ref>{{cite news
| title=Privately owned Confederate statue removed in Fayetteville
| first=Amber
| last=Joseph
| newspaper=[[WNCT-TV|WNCT]]
| date=June 29, 2020
| url=https://www.wnct.com/top-news/privately-owned-confederate-statue-removed-in-fayetteville/
| access-date=June 29, 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628213352/https://www.wnct.com/top-news/privately-owned-confederate-statue-removed-in-fayetteville/
| archive-date=June 28, 2020
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to Confederate Dead (Haymount area)
| [[File:Monument to Confederate Dead in Fayetteville NC image 2.jpg|100px]]
| [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| June 27
| Removed by owners, Sons of Confederate Veterans and United Daughters of the Confederacy
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate monument in Haymount removed
|newspaper=Fayetteville Observer
|date=June 27, 2020
|first=Sammy
|last=Batten
|url=https://www.fayobserver.com/news/20200627/confederate-monument-in-haymount-removed
|access-date=July 4, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629094857/https://www.fayobserver.com/news/20200627/confederate-monument-in-haymount-removed
|archive-date=June 29, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Lowndes County, Alabama]], Confederate Monument
|
| [[Hayneville, Alabama|Hayneville]]
| Alabama
| June 29
| July 1
| Removed by county
| The memorial was located near the Lowndes County Courthouse. The county was fined under the [[Alabama Memorial Preservation Act]].
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Lowndes County Commission votes unanimously to remove Confederate monument in Hayneville
|first=Marty
|last=Roney
|newspaper=[[Montgomery Advertiser]]
|date=June 29, 2020
|url=https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2020/06/29/lowndes-commission-votes-unanimously-remove-confederate-monument-in-hayneville/3280579001/
|access-date=June 29, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629235103/https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2020/06/29/lowndes-commission-votes-unanimously-remove-confederate-monument-in-hayneville/3280579001/
|archive-date=June 29, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/story/news/local/2020/08/02/legislators-impede-calls-for-confederate-monuments-to-fall/42177663/ | title=As Confederate monuments fall, local communities run into state laws }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsfa.com/2020/10/02/lowndes-county-pay-fine-confederate-statue-removal/ | title=Lowndes County to pay fine for Confederate statue removal | date=October 2, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Kanawha Riflemen memorial
|
|[[Charleston, West Virginia|Charleston]]
|West Virginia
|June 29
|June 29
|Removed by city
|The monument consisted of a standing commemorative plaque connected to two stone benches; the benches were not removed.
|<ref>Bradley, Lily (June 30, 2020).[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/confederate-monument-removed-from-west-virginia-park/ar-BB169Nfj Confederate monument removed from West Virginia park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630182915/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/confederate-monument-removed-from-west-virginia-park/ar-BB169Nfj |date=June 30, 2020 }}. ''Fox 8''. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Confederate soldier
| [[File:Monument to the Unknown Confederate Soldiers Mount Olivet Cemetery06262012.JPG|100px]]
| [[Frederick, Maryland|Frederick]]
|Maryland
|
| June 29 (discovered)
| Toppled and beheaded; not likely to be repaired
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|agency=Associated Press
|title=Confederate statue toppled, monuments defaced in Maryland
|date=July 1, 2020
|newspaper=[[WTOP-FM|WTOP]]
|url=https://wtop.com/frederick-county/2020/07/confederate-statue-toppled-monuments-defaced-in-maryland/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Rockdale County Confederate Monument
| [[File:Rockdale Confederate memorial in Conyers.jpg|100px|Rockdale County Confederate Monument]]
| [[Conyers, Georgia|Conyers]]
| Georgia
|
| June 30
| Removed by [[Rockdale County, Georgia|Rockdale County]] Commission
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=After 107 years, Confederate monument in Conyers is taken down
|first=Larry
|last=Stanford
|date=July 1, 2020
|newspaper=Rockdale-Newton Citizen
|url=https://www.rockdalenewtoncitizen.com/multimedia/after-107-years-confederate-monument-in-conyers-is-taken-down/collection_f4f9e466-bb5a-11ea-b93b-d32cc481d1b8.html}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate monument at Rockdale County Courthouse removed
|first1=Jon
|last1=Shirek
|first2=Adrianne M
|last2=Haney
|newspaper=[[WXIA]] (11alive.com)
|url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/conyers-courthouse-confederate-monument-removed/85-4d528201-8584-4a45-a9db-88ccc20a92a2
|date=June 30, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title= Confederate monument removed from Georgia county courthouse
|author=[[AP News]]
| date=July 1, 2020
|newspaper=[[WSAV-TV|WSAV]]
|url= https://www.wsav.com/news/local-news/georgia-news/confederate-monument-removed-from-georgia-county-courthouse/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Monument
| [[File:Confed memorial 1272.JPG|100px]]
| [[Orangeburg, South Carolina|Orangeburg]]
| South Carolina
| June 30, 2020
|
| Removal requires a {{fraction|2|3}} vote of the South Carolina Legislature.
| Orangeville City Council voted unanimously for removal.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Orangeburg City Council votes to remove Confederate statue, rename road
|first1=Patrick
|last1=Phillips
|first2=Harve
|last2=Jacobs
|date=June 30, 2020
|url= https://www.live5news.com/2020/06/30/group-holds-protest-demand-removal-confederate-statue-orangeburg/
|newspaper=[[WCSC-TV|WCSC]] (live5news.com)}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Monument ([[Cross Creek Cemetery]])
| [[File:Confederate Soldiers Monument (1868), Fayetteville, North Carolina.jpg|100px]]
| [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]]
| North Carolina
| {{sdash}}
| June 30, 2020
| Removed by owner
| The oldest Confederate monument in North Carolina.
| <ref name=Fayette>{{cite news
|title=Confederate monument removed from Fayetteville cemetery
|newspaper=Fayetteville Observer
|first1=Steve
|last1=DeVane
|first2=John
|last2=Henderson
|date=July 3, 2020
|url=https://www.fayobserver.com/news/20200703/confederate-monument-removed-from-fayetteville-cemetery
|access-date=July 4, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704070306/https://www.fayobserver.com/news/20200703/confederate-monument-removed-from-fayetteville-cemetery
|archive-date=July 4, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Slave whipping post
|
| [[Georgetown, Delaware|Georgetown]]
| Delaware
| June 29
| July 1
| Removed by state
|
|<ref>{{cite news
|title= As nation grapples with symbols and equality, Delaware to remove public whipping post
|first=Xerxes
|last=Wilson
|newspaper=[[Delaware Online]]
|date=June 30, 2020
|url= https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/06/30/whipping-post-georgetowns-circle-removed-public-display/3279361001/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Mouton, Alfred|[[Statue of Alfred Mouton]]}}<hr>1922
|
| [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]]
| Louisiana
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 1, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 17, 2021}}
| Removed by city
| On July 16, 2021, the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]] signed a settlement agreeing that the city would bear the cost for removing the statue, which stood outside the former city hall, to another location. It was removed the next day.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Lafayette Mayor-President Josh Guillory: Remove Confederate Gen. Alfred Mouton statue
|newspaper=[[The Daily Advertiser (Lafayette, Louisiana)|The Daily Advertiser]]
|date=July 1, 2020
|url= https://www.theadvertiser.com/story/news/local/2020/07/01/lafayette-mayor-josh-guillory-wants-confederate-mouton-statue-removed/5361179002/
|first=Andrew
|last=Capps
|access-date=July 18, 2021
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate Mouton statue removed from downtown Lafayette: 'It represents freedom'
|newspaper=The Acadiana Advocate
|date=July 17, 2021
|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/article_38495e88-e73b-11eb-a747-e786eaeb9c73.html
|first=Katie
|last=Gagliano
|access-date=July 18, 2021
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Two statues commemorating specific events
|
| [[McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania|McConnellsburg]]
| Pennsylvania
| July 2
|
|
|The first statue is a historical marker commemorating a skirmish that killed two Confederate soldiers separated from their unit. The second memorial commemorates a meal given to Confederate soldiers by McConnellsburg residents after the 1864 [[burning of Chambersburg]]. Two historical markers, noting the same events, were also removed.
| <ref>{{cite news
|newspaper=[[York Daily Record]]
|title=Four Confederate monuments to be removed in Fulton County
|date=July 2, 2020
|first=Carley
|last=Bonk
|url= https://www.ydr.com/story/news/local/2020/07/02/fulton-county-remove-four-public-confederate-monuments/5366552002/}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| Mt. Zion Confederate Monument
|
| [[Cornelius, North Carolina|Cornelius]]
| North Carolina
| July 2
|
| Church Board asked for its removal
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|first=Joe
|last=Marusak
|newspaper=[[WBTV]]
|title=Church near Charlotte demands immediate removal of Confederate statue from lawn
|date=July 3, 2020
|url=https://www.wbtv.com/2020/07/03/church-near-charlotte-demands-immediate-removal-confederate-statue-lawn/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to Confederate Brigadier General [[Albert G. Jenkins]]
|
| [[Hampden Township, Pennsylvania|Hampden Township]]
| Pennsylvania
|
| July 3 (confirmed)
| Removed by owner of land
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Another Confederate monument falls, this time on the West Shore
|date=July 3, 2020
|first=Matt
|last=Miller
|newspaper=[[PennLive]]
|url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2020/07/another-confederate-monument-falls-this-time-on-the-west-shore.html
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Benjamin Welch Owens]]
|
| [[Lothian, Maryland|Lothian]]
| Maryland
|
| July 3 (discovered)
| Toppled by protesters
| The statue was also vandalized in June.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate statue at Lothian church torn down, vandalized, Anne Arundel police say
|first1=Alex
|last1=Mann
|first2=Selene
|last2=San Felice
|newspaper=[[Capital Gazette]]
|date=July 3, 2020
|url=https://www.capitalgazette.com/news/crime/ac-cn-lothian-confederate-statue-vandalized-20200703-ukbkjrgog5ddpox6g7dojdf3ey-story.html
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[United Confederate Veterans Memorial]]
| [[File:Seattle - Lake View Cemetery - Confederate Veterans memorial.jpg|100px]]
| [[Seattle]]
| Washington
| {{sdash}}
| July 3/4
| Toppled by protesters
| The monument was toppled by unknown persons, apparently on July 3, 2020. In the process, the lower ends of both formerly vertical columns were broken in multiple places.
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Local Activists Take Credit for Toppling Confederate Monument |url=https://southseattleemerald.com/2020/07/05/local-activists-take-credit-for-toppling-confederate-monument/ |website=South Seattle Emerald |date=July 5, 2020 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-date=July 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708101414/https://southseattleemerald.com/2020/07/05/local-activists-take-credit-for-toppling-confederate-monument/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
}}
{{RM row
| Judah P. Benjamin Monument
|
| [[Sarasota]]
| Florida
| Mid-June
| July 5
| Removed by city manager
| Removed along with a marker dedicated to Benjamin.
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sarasota Confederate monument abruptly removed |url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/opinion/20200705/seidman-sarasota-confederate-monument-abruptly-removed |website=Herald-Tribune |access-date=July 5, 2020}}</ref>
|
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Cape Girardeau Confederate Memorial
| [[File:ConfedWarMemo4.JPG|100px|Cape Girardeau Confederate Memorial]]
| [[Cape Girardeau]]
| Missouri
| August 20
|
| Removed by city council
|
| <ref>{{cite news
| title=CSA monument prepared for move
|first=Ben
|last=Matthews
|newspaper=[[Southeast Missourian]]
|date=August 20, 2020
|url= https://www.semissourian.com/story/2829683.html/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Bolivar County Confederate Monument
| [[File:WCHandyBluesTrailMarker.jpg|100px]]
| [[Cleveland, Mississippi|Cleveland]]
| Mississippi
| July 6
|
| County Commissioners voted unanimously to relocate the statue
|
| <ref name=Pettus>{{cite news
|title=At least 4 Mississippi counties to move Confederate statues
|first=Emily Wagster
|last=Pettus
|date=July 8, 2020
|newspaper=[[Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal]]
|url=https://www.djournal.com/news/around-mississippi/at-least-4-mississippi-counties-to-move-confederate-statues/article_94add994-ee11-5fc1-9a15-b73190e88be1.html
|access-date=July 9, 2020
|archive-date=July 12, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712150131/https://www.djournal.com/news/around-mississippi/at-least-4-mississippi-counties-to-move-confederate-statues/article_94add994-ee11-5fc1-9a15-b73190e88be1.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Lowndes County, Mississippi]], Confederate soldier
|
| [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]]
| Mississippi
| July 6
|
| County Commissioners voted unanimously to relocate the statue.
|
| <ref name=Pettus/>
}}
{{RM row
| Greensboro Confederate Statue (Green Hill Cemetery)
|
| [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]
| North Carolina
| July 6
| July 7
| Toppled by protesters; moved to storage
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Greensboro Confederate statue removed from Green Hills Cemetery
|newspaper=[[WFMY]] (wfmynews2)
|date=June 7, 2020
|url=https://www.wfmynews2.com/video/news/local/greensboro-confederate-statue-removed-from-green-hills-cemetery/83-1aa9f46e-492c-4a6d-9f03-31da93442662}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=People react to vandalism, removal of Confederate monument at Green Hill Cemetery
|newspaper=[[WGHP]] (myfox8.com)
|first=Hayley
|last=Fixler
|url=https://myfox8.com/news/people-react-to-vandalism-removal-of-confederate-monument-at-green-hill-cemetery/
|date=July 8, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| Lee Square Confederate Monument
| [[File:Confederate Monument, Lee Square, Pensacola, Florida.jpg|100px]]
| [[Pensacola]]
| Florida
| July 7
|
| The City of Pensacola is calling for its removal. Lee Square may also be renamed Florida Square.
| The monument was vandalized with red paint on the night of June 29. Removal of monument began on October 26 with the removal of the 42 ft. monument's 8 ft. statue portion.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=City issues memorandum recommending removal of Pensacola's Confederate monument|newspaper=[[WEAR-TV|WEAR]]|date=July 7, 2020|url=https://weartv.com/news/local/city-issues-memorandum-recommending-removal-of-pensacolas-confederate-monument}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Pensacola's Confederate monument vandalized overnight|first=Chorus|last=Nylander|date=June 30, 2020|newspaper=[[WEAR-TV|WEAR]]|url=https://weartv.com/news/local/pensacolas-confederate-monument-vandalized-overnight}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/florida/os-ne-pensacola-florida-confederate-monument-20201028-ghwvgzzd6rabdat6gdygaowzgq-story.html|title=Florida city begins removing Confederate monument|first=Brendan|last=Farrington|website=orlandosentinel.com|date=October 28, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Henry County Confederate Monument
| [[File:Confederate Memorial, McDonough, GA, US.jpg|100px]]
| [[McDonough, Georgia|McDonough]]
| Georgia
| July 7
| July 29
| Removed by county commissions
| Disassembled, base still remains currently
| <ref>{{cite news
|website=[[WSB-TV]]
|date=July 8, 2020
|title=Another metro county OKs Confederate monument removal
|url=https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/henry-county/another-metro-county-oks-confederate-monument-removal/QNDP47XC5NDB5HFM4VYI7WULWM/}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|website=WSB-TV|date=July 29, 2020|access-date=July 29, 2020|first=Darryn|last=Moore|title=Confederate monument at McDonough Square removed overnight|url=https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/henry-county/mcdonough-square-confederate-monument-removed-overnight/NMZZ6GWF4NBYNC42U5DKIYNTBI/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Anson County Courthouse Confederate monument
| [[File:Anson County Courthouse, facade 02.jpg|100px]]
| [[Wadesboro, North Carolina|Wadesboro]]
| North Carolina
| July 7
| July 8
| Removed by county
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate statue removed from Anson courthouse
|date=July 8, 2020
|first=Charles
|last=Wood
|newspaper=[[Richmond County Daily Journal]]
|url=https://www.yourdailyjournal.com/news/95249/confederate-statue-removed-from-anson-courthouse}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Marker of Jefferson Davis Highway
|
| [[California State Route 99|Hwy. 99]] near [[Bakersfield]]
| California
| July 8
| June 17 (three weeks before announcement)
| Moved by county to storage area at [[Kern County Museum]]
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title= A fitting end to the last Confederate monument in Southern California
|first=Christopher
|last=Knight
|date=July 8, 2020
|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]
|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/commentary-a-fitting-end-to-the-last-confederate-monument-in-southern-california/ar-BB16uj6f}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Henry Watkins Allen]]
|
| [[Port Allen, Louisiana|Port Allen]]
| Louisiana
| July 8
|
| The Port Allen City Council has requested that [[West Baton Rouge Parish]] remove the statue.
|
|<ref>{{cite news
|title=Port Allen approves plan to remove Confederate statue of its namesake, Henry Watkins Allen
|first=Youssef
|last=Rddad
|date= July 8, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)]]
|url= https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/westside/article_444ac7fe-c152-11ea-a20c-7fbe2c69b0ed.html
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Forrest, Nathan Bedford|[[Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust|Bust]] of [[Nathan Bedford Forrest]]}}<hr/>Loura Jane Herndon Baxendale, 1978
| [[File:Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust.jpg|100px]]
| [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]
| Tennessee
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 9, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 23, 2021}}
| Tennessee Capital Commission voted to relocate bust
| Relocated to [[Tennessee State Museum]]
| <ref>{{cite news|last1=Ebert|first1=Joel|title=Nathan Bedford Forrest bust at the Tennessee Capitol: What you need to know|url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/08/18/nathan-bedford-forrest-bust-tennessee-capitol-what-you-need-know/578112001/|access-date=July 24, 2021|work=The Tennessean|date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> 
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Allison |first1=Natalie |title=Capitol Commission approves moving Nathan Bedford Forrest bust to Tennessee State Museum |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2020/07/09/tennessee-capitol-commission-votes-remove-nathan-bedford-forrest-bust/5380243002/ |access-date=July 9, 2020 |newspaper=The Tennessean |date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Bust of Charles Didier Dreux
|
| [[New Orleans]]
| Louisiana
|
| July 10
| Toppled by protesters; city has not announced plans for the statue
| Bust commemorating Confederate officer [[Charles Didier Dreux]]. The nose had previously been chiseled off the statue by protesters.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Confederate statue on Canal Street in New Orleans knocked over; 2nd statue toppled overnight|url= https://www.nola.com/news/article_00a2fb48-c2ba-11ea-b7bc-cbcc15c27ead.html|newspaper=The Advocate|date=July 10, 2020|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[David O. Dodd]] memorial bench and historical marker
| [[File:David O. Dodd Memorial.JPG|100px]]
| [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]]
| Arkansas
| July 10
| July 9 or 10
| Removed by city
| The two structures were previously located in MacArthur Park. They honored Dodd, a 17 year-old executed by the Union for spying for the Confederacy.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Little Rock park markers for Dodd removed; mayor seeking 'inclusive' sites|first=Rachel|last=Herzog|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/jul/10/lr-park-markers-for-dodd-removed/|newspaper=Arkansas Democratic Gazette|date= July 10, 2020|access-date=July 11, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| 1929 Confederate Reunion Marker
| [[File:Charlotte_1929_Confederate_Reunion_Marker.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]
| North Carolina
| {{sdash}}
| July 10
| Removed at direction of county commissioner, placed in storage
| Marker commemorated a reunion with confederate veterans in 1929. Marker has previously been vandalized in recent years and had glass enclosure placed around it to protect it. Glass case left empty.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Confederate Marker Removed From Charlotte's Grady Cole Center|first=Nick|last=De La Canal|url=https://www.wfae.org/post/confederate-marker-removed-charlottes-grady-cole-center|website=[[WFAE]]|date=July 10, 2020|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Sampson County]] Confederate Monument
| [[File:Sampson_County_Confederate_Monument.jpg|100px]]
| [[Clinton, North Carolina|Clinton]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| July 11
| Damaged by protesters after the city council passed a resolution asking the county to remove it
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate soldier statue in downtown Clinton removed after being vandalized
|date=July 12, 2020
|newspaper=[[WTVD]] (abc11.com)
|url= https://abc11.com/sampson-county-courthouse-clinton-city-council-confederate-statue-lt-marcus-smith/6314029/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Pasquotank County Confederate Monument
|
| [[Elizabeth City]]
| North Carolina
|July 13
|
|Removal ordered by county
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Pasquotank County commissioners vote to relocate Confederate monument in Elizabeth City
|date=July 14, 2020
|first=Brett
|last=Hall
|newspaper=[[WAVY]]
|url=https://www.wavy.com/news/politics/north-carolina-politics/pasquotank-county-commissioners-vote-to-relocate-confederate-monument-in-elizabeth-city/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Leonard Park Confederate Monument
|
| [[Gainesville, Texas|Gainesville]]
| Texas
| July 14
|
| Unanimous vote of city council
| Plan to relocate monument to Grayson County Frontier Village historical site in [[Denison, Texas]].
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Gainesville City Council votes to remove Confederate monument
|newspaper=[[KXII]]
|date=July 15, 2020
|url= https://www.kxii.com/2020/07/15/gainesville-city-council-votes-to-remove-confederate-monument/}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Gainesville City Council Votes to Remove Confederate Statue
|first=Simone
|last=Carter
|date=July 21, 2020
|newspaper=[[Dallas Observer]]
|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/gainesville-confederate-statue-removed-11927900}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Madison County Confederate Monument
|
| [[Madison, Florida|Madison]]
| Florida
| July 14
|
| Black County Commissioners voted for removal, white ones to leave it.
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title= City of Madison to remove confederate monument
|newspaper=[[WCTV]]
|date=July 15, 2020
|url= https://www.wctv.tv/2020/07/15/city-of-madison-to-remove-confederate-monument/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Confederate soldier memorial
|
| [[Macon, Georgia|Macon]]
| Georgia
| July 14
|
| The City is moving it, but how to pay for the substantial cost is unresolved. It will be relocated to Whittle Park.
| On the site of a former slave market. In a second phase of statue removal, the County's Women of the South memorial may be moved.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Macon Mayor plans to remove Confederate monuments for downtown improvements
|first=Luz
|last=Fabian
|newspaper=[[WMAZ]]
|date=July 19, 2020
|url=https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/local/mayor-plans-to-remove-confederate-monuments-for-downtown-improvements/93-9675dcba-10c6-4c8e-9f0b-ca136f06ebe1}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Caddo Parish Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:Caddo Confederate Monument (1 of 1).jpg|100px]]
| [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]
| Louisiana
| July 20
|
| Parish commission and UDC agreed to move monument to different location, pending agreement on new location
| Parish to build wooden box around monument to protect and cover structure before its relocation
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Caddo Parish, Daughters of Confederacy reach agreement to move monument
|first=Emily
|last=Enfinger
|newspaper=[[Shreveport Times]]
|date=July 20, 2020
|access-date=July 20, 2020
|url=https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/local/mayor-plans-to-remove-confederate-monuments-for-downtown-improvements/93-9675dcba-10c6-4c8e-9f0b-ca136f06ebe1}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Memorial to Arizona Confederate troops
| [[File:CSA monument, Phoenix AZ, USA.jpg|100px]]
| [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]
| Arizona
| July 22
| July 23
| Removed by UDC overnight
| UDC requested to take back monument from public property and find new location on private property
|<ref name="Confederate monuments in Arizona">{{cite news|title= Confederate Monuments Removed From Arizona State Land|newspaper=[[Phoenix New Times]]|date=July 23, 2020|access-date=July 23, 2020|url= https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/confederate-monuments-on-arizona-state-land-will-be-moved-11482857}}</ref>

}}
{{RM row
|Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway marker
|
|[[Gold Canyon, Arizona|Gold Canyon]]
|Arizona
| July 22
| July 23
| Removed by UDC overnight
| UDC requested to take back monument from public property and find new location on private property
|<ref name="Confederate monuments in Arizona"/>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Caldwell County Confederate Monument
|
| [[Lockhart, Texas|Lockhart]]
| Texas
| July 28
|
| County commission approved removal
| Plans to relocate statue to Caldwell County Museum
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Caldwell County commissioners vote to remove Confederate monument|url=https://www.fox7austin.com/news/caldwell-county-commissioners-vote-to-remove-confederate-monument|website=[[KTBC (TV)|KTBC]]|first=Bridget|last=Spencer|date=July 28, 2020|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Gaston County Confederate Monument
|
| [[Gastonia, North Carolina|Gastonia]]
| North Carolina
| August 4
|
| County commission voted to relocate statue
| Monument currently in front of courthouse. SCV has 6 months to submit a proposal for the monument's new location
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Gaston County Commissioners vote to remove and relocate Confederate monument|url=https://www.wcnc.com/article/news/local/gaston-county-commissioners-vote-remove-relocate-confederate-monument/275-71f71377-33f8-4ebc-84c0-c76040b85c95|website=[[WCNC-TV|WCNC]]|first=Hunter|last=Sánez|date=August 4, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
|Daviess County Confederate Monument
|
|[[Owensboro, Kentucky|Owensboro]]
|Kentucky
| August 6
|
| County [[Fiscal Court]] voted to relocate monument
| Fiscal Court set up a relocation committee to plan for the removal and find a new location. Monument currently in front of the courthouse.
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Daviess Co. Fiscal Court votes to relocate Confederate statue|url=https://www.14news.com/2020/08/06/watch-live-daviess-co-voting-confederate-statue-removal/|first=Evan|last=Gorman|website=[[WFIE]]|date=August 6, 2020|access-date=August 6, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to [[William Wing Loring]]
|
| [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]]
| Florida
| Not announced
| Night of August 23–24
| Removed by [[University of Florida]], which owns the land it was on.
| Loring was a Confederate general.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=University of Florida removes confederate monument in St. Augustine
|date=August 24, 2020
|publisher=[[WCJB]]
|url=https://www.wcjb.com/2020/08/24/university-of-florida-removes-confederate-monument-in-st-augustine/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Historic marker states that under the Confederacy, Bowling Green was the capital of Kentucky
|
| [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]]
| Kentucky
| Not announced
| {{circa|August 25}}
| Removed by [[Western Kentucky University]] administration.
| [[Frankfort, Kentucky|Frankfort]] remained the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] capital and controlled much more of Kentucky than the shadow [[Confederate government of Kentucky]].
|<ref name="WKRN">{{cite news
|title=Concerns spur officials to remove Confederate marker in Kentucky
|agency=Associated Press
|date=August 26, 2020
|publisher=[[WKRN]]
|url=https://www.wkrn.com/news/kentucky/concerns-spur-officials-to-remove-confederate-marker-in-kentucky/}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Confederate marker at WKU removed for second time
|first=Aaron
|last=Mudd
|url=https://www.bgdailynews.com/news/confederate-marker-at-wku-removed-for-second-time/article_bd2ef22c-507e-565d-bad2-32349054bf4a.html
|newspaper=[[Bowling Green Daily News]]
|date=August 25, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Putnam County Confederate Memorial]]
| [[File:Palatka Conf Mem statue01.jpg|100px]]
| [[Palatka, Florida|Palatka]]
| Florida
| August 25
|
|
| In November 2020, the board decided that the statue would be relocated to Putnam County Veterans Memorial Park but only if $200,000 in private funds was raised within 90 days from people inside of Putnam County.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Putnam's Confederate monument to get a new home. But where?
|first=Jim
|last=Abbott
|newspaper=[[The Daytona Beach News-Journal]]
|date=August 26, 2020
|url=https://www.news-journalonline.com/story/news/2020/08/26/decision-made-putnam-countys-confederate-monument/3411902001/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
|The South's Defenders
|
|[[Lake Charles, Louisiana|Lake Charles]]
|Louisiana
| August 27
|
| [[Calcasieu Parish]] Police Jury voted 10–4 to keep monument
| Two weeks after the vote, [[Hurricane Laura]] knocked the monument's statue off its base.
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hurricane Laura damaged a Lake Charles Confederate monument two weeks after officials voted to keep it in place|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/27/us/hurricane-laura-damaged-confederate-monument-trnd/index.html|first=Alisha|last=Ebrahimji|website=[[CNN]]|date=August 27, 2020|access-date=August 27, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|John Pelham Monument
|
|[[Anniston, Alabama|Anniston]]
| Alabama
| early September
| September 27
| In September 2020, the [[Anniston, Alabama]] city council voted 4–1 to remove a monument of Confederate artillery officer [[John Pelham (officer)|John Pelham]] located in the grassy median of a major public avenue in Anniston since 1905. Anniston Mayor Jack Draper previously called for its removal in June 2020
| On September 27, construction workers successfully removed the stone obelisk monument late in the evening. However, there were still plans to relocate it to a Confederate history park.
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Alabama city removes Confederate monument following vote|url=https://sportsgrindentertainment.com/alabama-city-removes-confederate-monument-following-vote/|author=Christine Watkins, Associated Press|website=Sports Grinding Entertainment|date=September 28, 2020|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125232006/https://sportsgrindentertainment.com/alabama-city-removes-confederate-monument-following-vote/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| colspan="2" | Stonewall Jackson Monument
|
| [[San Diego]]
| California
| July 23
| July 23
| Removed at the request of the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]].
| Confederate monument removed from plot in city-owned [[Mount Hope Cemetery (San Diego)|cemetery]] where Union and Confederate soldiers are buried. Monument has been the target of petitions for removal since 2017.
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Confederate monument removed from plot in city-owned |url=https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/confederate-monument-removed-from-plot-in-city-owned-mount-hope-cemetery|first=Chen|last=Michael|website=[[KGTV]]|date=July 23, 2020|access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Removal Of Confederate Monument At Mount Hope Cemetery In San Diego Could Be Tricky|url=https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/aug/21/Confederate-Monument-Mount-Hope-Cemetery-San-Diego/|author=City News Service|website=[[KPBS (TV)]]|date=August 21, 2017|access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| colspan="2" | Uptown Square Confederate Monument
|
| [[Lexington, North Carolina|Lexington]]
| North Carolina
| October 14
| October 16
| Removed at the request of the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]].
| Despite objections from Davidson County Commissioners, the Confederate monument which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 was removed after the Davidson County Superior Court allowed for the city and the Daughters of the Confederacy to have it removed from this location. The statue would be removed from the city square late at night for an almost five-hour period on October 15–16.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wxii12.com/article/davidson-lexington-group-confederate-monument-relocation1/34400680#|title=Lexington Confederate monument removed overnight into Friday|publisher=[[WXII 12]]|date=October 17, 2020|access-date=October 21, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Robert E. Lee (ex–U.S. Capitol)|Statue of Robert E. Lee]]
| [[File:Flickr - USCapitol - Robert E. Lee Statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| District of Columbia
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|December 21, 2020}}
| Removed by staff from the Architect of the Capitol
| The statue, formerly one of Virginia's two contributions to the [[National Statuary Hall]] at the [[United States Capitol rotunda]], will be moved to the [[Virginia Museum of History & Culture]]. Virginia Governor [[Ralph Northam]] filed a request for a bill to remove the statue in December 2020.
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Virginia Removes Its Robert E. Lee Statue From U.S. Capitol|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/21/948736896/virginia-removes-its-robert-e-lee-statue-from-u-s-capitol|access-date=April 20, 2021|website=NPR|date=December 21, 2020|language=en|last1=Kennedy|first1=Merrit}}</ref> <ref>Pitofsky, Marina (January 2, 2020). [https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/476580-virginia-governor-seeking-to-remove-robert-e-lee-statue-from-us-capitol Virginia governor seeking to remove Robert E. Lee statue from US Capitol]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</ref>
}}
|}

=====Virginia=====
{{see also|List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia|Monument Avenue|Charlottesville historic monument controversy}}
[[Virginia]], where the CSA had its capital in [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], has the most Confederate monuments of any U.S. state. A March 2020 change in the [[law of Virginia]] had already essentially repealed the statute preventing removal of historical monuments, effective from July 1, 2020. This change became possible when voters, after electing the Democrat [[Ralph Northam]] as Governor in 2017, gave the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] control of both houses of the [[Virginia General Assembly]] from January 2020, for the first time in a generation.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Lawmakers pass bill allowing Confederate monument removals
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/lawmakers-pass-bill-allowing-confederate-monument-removals-69469373
|first=Sarah
|last=Rankin
|date=March 8, 2020
|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]
|access-date=June 19, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530133633/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/lawmakers-pass-bill-allowing-confederate-monument-removals-69469373
|archive-date=May 30, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>



{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Appomattox (statue)|Appomattox]]''
| [[File:Appomattox statue in Alexandria.jpg|100px|Appomattox statue]]
| [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]]
| [[Virginia]]
| {{sdash}} 
| May 31, 2020
| Removed by [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]]
| The owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy, moved the date up because of the protests.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Alexandria's Confederate Statue Has Been Removed|first=Andrew|last=Beaujon|date=June 2, 2020|newspaper=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian]]|url=https://washingtonian.com/2020/06/02/alexandrias-confederate-statue-is-gone/|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603155342/https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/06/02/alexandrias-confederate-statue-is-gone/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Norfolk Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:Main and Commercial, Norfolk CSA monument.jpg|100px|Norfolk Confederate Monument]]
| [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]]
| Virginia
| June 2, 2020
| June 16, 2020
| Removed by city
| City Council approved removal; located at a former [[slave auction]] site. [[Johnny Reb]] statue atop the monument removed June 12; rest of monument removed by June 16.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rago |first1=Gordon |title=Norfolk removes Confederate soldier statue from downtown monument |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-20200612-xorrkgegmrg2bcewck3xvuosyu-story.html |work=The Virginian-Pilot |date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612222636/https://www.pilotonline.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-20200612-xorrkgegmrg2bcewck3xvuosyu-story.html |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Norfolk's Confederate monument could be removed as soon as August|newspaper=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Norfolk Daily Press]]|first=Ryan|last=Murphy|date=June 3, 2020|url=https://www.dailypress.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-removal-schedule-20200603-ysy76gdkmfab3iy72jk56gkgta-story.html9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213140143/https://www.dailypress.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-removal-schedule-20200603-ysy76gdkmfab3iy72jk56gkgta-story.html9|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 13, 2023}}</ref> <ref>Murphy, Ryan (June 22, 2020). [https://www.dailypress.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-removal-update-20200622-4wkqsutpzfbyvkrtjvbsl4ueoa-story.html Norfolk's Confederate Monument is all but gone from downtown. Now what?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623042027/https://www.dailypress.com/government/local/vp-nw-norfolk-confederate-monument-removal-update-20200622-4wkqsutpzfbyvkrtjvbsl4ueoa-story.html |date=June 23, 2020 }}. ''The Virginia Pilot''. Retrieved June 23, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)|Robert E. Lee Monument]]
| [[File:Statue Robert E. Lee Richmond.JPG|100px|Robert E. Lee Monument]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 3, 2020
| September 8, 2021
| Removed by state
| Governor announced removal "as soon as possible"; monument on state land.
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Suderman|first1=Alan|last2=Rankin|first2=Sarah|title=Virginia governor to announce removal of iconic Richmond statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee|publisher=Yahoo! News|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=June 3, 2020|url=https://news.yahoo.com/virginia-governor-announce-removal-lee-211224215.html|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603225051/https://news.yahoo.com/virginia-governor-announce-removal-lee-211224215.html|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/09/politics/judge-blocks-removal-robert-e-lee-statue-richmond/index.html|title=Richmond judge blocks the state's removal of Robert E Lee statue|first=Veronica|last=Stracqualursi|publisher=CNN|date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618133805/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/09/politics/judge-blocks-removal-robert-e-lee-statue-richmond/index.html|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/robert-e-lee-statue-virginia-removed-92955a351d9fda6319f379ddc28df8a0|title=Statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee comes down in Virginia capital|last=Rankin|first=Sarah|website=apnews.com|date=September 8, 2021|access-date=September 8, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[J. E. B. Stuart Monument]]
| [[File:J E B Stuart Richmond.jpg|100px|J. E. B. Stuart Monument]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 3, 2020
| July 7, 2020
| Removed by City of Richmond<ref>{{cite news |title=UPDATE: J.E.B. Stuart statue removed from Richmond's Monument Avenue |url=https://www.richmond.com/news/local/update-j-e-b-stuart-statue-removed-from-richmonds-monument-avenue/article_3c13b683-bdd2-5aec-b3db-1de5a3d4507f.html |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |date=July 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land.<ref name="Richmond mayor to introduce ordinance">{{cite news|title=Richmond mayor to introduce ordinance to remove city's Confederate monuments|url=https://www.wsls.com/news/virginia/2020/06/03/richmond-mayor-to-introduce-ordinance-to-remove-citys-confederate-monuments/|date=June 3, 2020|publisher=[[WSLS]]|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603224900/https://www.wsls.com/news/virginia/2020/06/03/richmond-mayor-to-introduce-ordinance-to-remove-citys-confederate-monuments/|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> After the J. E. B. Stuart statue was removed, the Robert E. Lee statue became the last remaining Confederate monument located on Richmond's Monument Avenue.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schneider |first1=Gregory S. |last2=Vozzella |first2=Laura |title=Gen. Robert E. Lee is the only Confederate icon still standing on a Richmond avenue forever changed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/jeb-stuart-richmond/2020/07/07/bbfe4ff8-bfd3-11ea-b4f6-cb39cd8940fb_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |date=July 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|
}}
{{RM row
| [[Stonewall Jackson Monument]]
| [[File:Monument Ave Stonewall Jackson.jpg|100px|Stonewall Jackson Monument]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 3, 2020
| July 1, 2020
|Removed by City of Richmond
| Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land.
|<ref name="Richmond mayor to introduce ordinance"/>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Richmond mayor invokes emergency powers to remove Confederate statues from city|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/politics/richmond-stonewall-jackson-confederate-statues-removed/index.html|date=July 1, 2020|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=July 1, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214937/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/politics/richmond-stonewall-jackson-confederate-statues-removed/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument]]
| [[File:Matthew Fontaine Maury Statue.jpg|100px|Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 3, 2020
| July 2, 2020
| Removed by City of Richmond
| One of the four Confederate monuments on city land.
|<ref name="Richmond mayor to introduce ordinance"/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Slave Auction Block, Fredericksburg|Slave Auction Block]]
| [[File:Slave Auction Block, Fredericksburg, Virginia - Stierch.jpg|100px|Slave auction block]]
| [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]]
| Virginia
| 2019
| June 5, 2020
| Removed by city
| A slave auction block was removed from the downtown and will be displayed in the [[Fredericksburg Area Museum]].
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Virginia city removes 176-year-old slave auction block|agency=Associated Press|date=June 5, 2020|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory/virginia-city-removes-176-year-slave-auction-block-71088106|work=ABC News|access-date=June 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605192138/https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory/virginia-city-removes-176-year-slave-auction-block-71088106|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Robert E. Lee Memorial (Roanoke, Virginia)|Robert E. Lee Memorial]]
|
| [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]]
| Virginia
| June 5, 2020
| July 23, 2020
| Toppled and damaged by protester, city removed monument afterwards
| City Council had voted earlier to start the legal process to remove the monument and rename Lee Plaza. City will keep monument in storage until fate of statue is determined
| <ref name="roanoke1">{{Cite web|last=Berrier|first=Ralph Jr.|title=Council majority supports removing Roanoke's memorial to Robert E. Lee, renaming plaza|url=https://www.roanoke.com/news/local/council-majority-supports-removing-roanokes-memorial-to-robert-e-lee-renaming-plaza/article_0ca4afa6-6412-55d8-b1a8-d0afe3c39f06.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618090829/https://www.roanoke.com/news/local/council-majority-supports-removing-roanokes-memorial-to-robert-e-lee-renaming-plaza/article_0ca4afa6-6412-55d8-b1a8-d0afe3c39f06.html|archive-date=June 18, 2020|access-date=June 12, 2020|website=[[Roanoke Times]]|language=en|date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ida|last=Domingo|title=Police to investigate after monument of Robert E. Lee found knocked over in Roanoke|url=https://wset.com/news/local/monument-of-robert-e-lee-found-knocked-over-in-downtown-roanoke|website=[[WSET-TV|WSET]]|date=July 24, 2020|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Williams Carter Wickham]]
| [[File:Williams Wickham statue.jpg|100px|Statue of Williams Carter Wickham]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| {{sdash}}
| June 6, 2020
| Toppled by protesters
| Pulled from its base and tumbled to the ground.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Crew heard cheers as Confederate general's statue toppled in Monroe Park|first=Matthew|last=Fultz|date=June 7, 2020|url=https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/crew-heard-cheers-as-confederate-generals-statue-toppled-in-monroe-park|publisher=[[WTVR-TV]]|access-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607110943/https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/crew-heard-cheers-as-confederate-generals-statue-toppled-in-monroe-park|archive-date=June 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Jefferson Davis Memorial (Richmond, Virginia)|Jefferson Davis Memorial]]
| [[File:Monument Ave Davis.JPG|100px|Jefferson Davis Memorial]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 3, 2020
| June 10, 2020
| Statue of Davis toppled by protesters; the rest of the memorial was not damaged
| Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. Protesters toppled the statue from its plinth on June 10.
|<ref name="Richmond mayor to introduce ordinance"/> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wric.com/news/breaking-news/jefferson-davis-statue-on-monument-ave-pulled-down/|title=Jefferson Davis statue on Monument Avenue pulled down|last=Small|first=Alanzo|date=June 10, 2020|publisher=[[WRIC-TV]]|access-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611035354/https://www.wric.com/news/breaking-news/jefferson-davis-statue-on-monument-ave-pulled-down/|archive-date=June 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Confederate Monument (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Confederate Monument]]
| [[File:Portsmouth, Virginia (8596805587).jpg|100px| ]]
|[[Portsmouth, Virginia|Portsmouth]]
|Virginia
| June 9, 2020
| June 10, 2020
|Four statues decapitated and one pulled down by protesters
|City campaign to remove it already underway.
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Confederate monument in Virginia covered with trash bags|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/confederate-monument-virginia-covered-trash-bags-71171106|access-date=June 11, 2020|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611121658/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/confederate-monument-virginia-covered-trash-bags-71171106|archive-date=June 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Confederate statue toppled by protesters crashes down on man in Virginia, video shows |newspaper=[[Sacramento Bee]] |first=Hayley |last=Fowler |date=June 11, 2020 |url=https://news.yahoo.com/confederate-statue-toppled-protesters-crashes-180950425.html |access-date=June 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611195233/https://news.yahoo.com/confederate-statue-toppled-protesters-crashes-180950425.html |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Plaques and stained-glass windows at [[St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]]
| [[File:Interior of St. Pauls Episcopal Church Richmond (VA) 2013 (8759347988).jpg|100px]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 14, 2020
|
| Removal approved by vestry of seven plaques 'associated with the [[Lost Cause of the Confederacy|Lost Cause era and ideology]]' and rededicate the stained-glass windows installed as memorials to [[Robert E. Lee]], [[Jefferson Davis]], and their families
| This is the church Lee and Davis attended in Richmond; [[Jefferson Davis]] was a member. The windows and plaques contain no battle flags or Confederate imagery.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=As Confederate symbols come down in Virginia, a Richmond church is removing its own, and leaving Black Lives Matter graffiti
|first=Egan
|last=Millard
|date=July 9, 2020
|newspaper=Episcopal News Service
|url=https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2020/07/09/as-confederate-symbols-come-down-in-virginia-a-richmond-church-is-removing-its-own-and-leaving-black-lives-matter-graffiti/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Howitzer Monument]]
| [[File:Howitzer Monument, Caspar Buber, Richmond VA, USA 1892.jpg|100px]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| June 16, 2020
| June 16, 2020
| Toppled by protesters
| Pulled off its pedestal by a rope. Was located near Virginia Commonwealth University's Monroe Park campus.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypress.com/virginia/vp-nw-richmond-confederate-statue-howitzers-20200617-ar2g5dkv2fbhjbmkvbpngcobji-story.html|title=Protesters in Richmond tear down another Confederate statue|website=dailypress.com|date=June 17, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617182048/https://www.dailypress.com/virginia/vp-nw-richmond-confederate-statue-howitzers-20200617-ar2g5dkv2fbhjbmkvbpngcobji-story.html|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Loudoun County Confederate monument
| [[File:Loudoun County Courthouse in Leesburg,Virginia.jpg|100px]]
| [[Leesburg, Virginia|Leesburg]]
| Virginia
| June 26, 2020
| July 21, 2020
| Removed overnight by UDC
| County had voted to remove monument
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Daughters of the Confederacy asks for return of Leesburg Confederate monument
|first=Neal
|last=Augenstein
|newspaper=WTOP
|url=https://wtop.com/loudoun-county/2020/06/as-removal-nears-group-that-built-leesburg-confederate-monument-asks-for-it-back/
|date=June 30, 2020
|access-date=June 30, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630190042/https://wtop.com/loudoun-county/2020/06/as-removal-nears-group-that-built-leesburg-confederate-monument-asks-for-it-back/
|archive-date=June 30, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news
|title=Loudoun County's Confederate monument removed overnight
|first=Nathaniel
|last=Cline
|newspaper=[[Loudoun Times-Mirror]]
|url=https://www.loudountimes.com/news/loudoun-countys-confederate-monument-removed-overnight/article_c7a5953e-cb48-11ea-966a-47b2fc8d8fd6.html
|date=June 21, 2020
|access-date=June 21, 2020
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
| [[File:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Richmond VA 2006.JPG|100px]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| July 1, 2020
| July 8, 2020
| Removed by city
| The sixth city-owned Confederate monument ordered removed by Richmond Mayor [[Levar Stoney]] on July 1.
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Richmond removes Confederate Soldiers and Sailors statue |url=https://apnews.com/9b296fd91336000101700ddfae84b67c |website=AP NEWS |access-date=July 8, 2020 |date=July 8, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|Two Confederate cannons
|
|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
|Virginia
|
|July 2, 2020
|Removed by city
|One of the cannons was located near the Arthur Ashe memorial; its plaque claimed that the cannon marked the second line of the Confederate defense of Richmond. The second cannon was located near the Jefferson Davis memorial.
|<ref>Mirshahi, Dean (July 2, 2020). [https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/richmonds-confederate-memorials-continue-to-come-down/ Richmond's Confederate memorials continue to come down]. ''ABC 8 News''. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|[[Fitzhugh Lee]] cross
|
|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
|
|July 9, 2020
|Removed by city
|Fitzhugh served as a Major General in the Confederate Army and later as the governor of Virginia.
|<ref name=richlist>Sullivan, Ali (July 9, 2020). [https://www.richmond.com/news/local/watch-now-crews-wrap-up-a-whirlwind-week-of-removing-confederate-monuments-in-richmond/article_7ac32de1-4ebf-59c1-b8c7-c27265f4424f.html WATCH NOW: Crews wrap up a whirlwind week of removing Confederate monuments in Richmond. ''Richmond Times-Dispatch''. Retrieved July 11, 2020.]</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Joseph Bryan]]
| [[File:Couper in VA (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
|
|July 9, 2020
|Removed by city
|Bryan owned the Richmond Times-Dispatch and served in [[Mosby's Rangers]] during the Civil War.
|<ref name= 'richlist'/>
}}
{{RM row
|Farmville Confederate statue
|
|[[Farmville, Virginia|Farmville]]
|Virginia
|June 15, 2020
|June 18, 2020
|Removal ordered by town council
|A pedestal supporting the soldier statue was not removed. The statue was placed in offsite storage pending final disposition or relocation.
|<ref>Watson, Roger (June 22, 2020). [https://www.farmvilleherald.com/2020/06/confederate-statue-removed-after-farmville-town-council-approval/ Confederate statue removed after Farmville Town Council approval]. ''The Farmville Herald''. Retrieved July 26, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Bust of [[Hunter Holmes McGuire]]
|
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
|Virginia
| July 16, 2020
|
|
| Committee at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] recommended removing bust from library along with removing several plagues and renaming several buildings around campus
| <ref name="VCU committee recommends removal of Confederacy">{{cite news
|title=VCU committee recommends removal of Confederacy-affiliated chapel, building names, memorabilia
|first=Hannah
|last=Eason
|date=July 16, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Commonwealth Times]]
|url= https://commonwealthtimes.org/2020/07/16/vcu-committee-recommends-removal-of-confederacy-affiliated-chapel-building-names-memorabilia/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Virginia Beach Confederate monument
|
| [[Virginia Beach]]
| Virginia
| July 23, 2020
| July 25, 2020
| Removed by city council
| Placed in storage, city will solicit proposals from museums for relocations
| <ref>{{cite news|website=[[WVEC]]|title=Crews remove Confederate monument in Virginia Beach|url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/virginia-beach/crews-remove-confederate-monument-in-virginia-beach/291-897c541d-90ae-4e6d-97d1-858e21b5dce0|date=July 25, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Robert E. Lee (''pictured'')<hr>Busts of Fitzhugh Lee, J. E. B. Stuart, Stonewall Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens<hr>Plaque for Thomas Bocock
| [[File:Statue of Robert E. Lee.jpg|100px]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| July 24, 2020
| July 24, 2020
| Removed by order of House Speaker [[Eileen Filler-Corn]]
| One statue, six busts, and one plaque commemorating Confederate leaders were removed from the [[Virginia State Capitol]]'s Old House Chamber, where rebel leaders met when Richmond was the capitol of the Confederacy. Filler-Corn announced the creation of an advisory group to propose new memorials for the House.
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Schneider |first1=Gregory S. |title=Confederate memorials quietly removed from Virginia Capitol overnight |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/confederate-memorials-quietly-removed-from-virginia-capitol-overnight/2020/07/24/8d2a0dee-cced-11ea-bc6a-6841b28d9093_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=July 24, 2020 |language=en |date=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Company H monument
|
|[[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]]
|Virginia
|August 12, 2020
|
| City Council voted 6–1 to remove
| The monument for the Confederate veterans of Company H, [[32nd Virginia Infantry]] has been covered since June 11
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Virginia city council votes to remove Confederate monument |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/virginia-city-council-votes-remove-confederate-monument-72323764 |website=Associated Press |access-date=August 12, 2020 |language=en |date=August 12, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Caroline County Confederate Monument
| [[File:Bowling Green, Virginia (8124503777).jpg|100px]]
| [[Bowling Green, Virginia|Bowling Green]]
| [[Virginia]]
| August 25
|
|
| The [[Caroline County, Virginia|Caroline County]] Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to remove the monument.
|<ref>{{cite news
|title=Caroline supervisors must now decide where to relocate Confederate monument
|first=Taft Jr.
|last=Coghill
|newspaper=[[Culpeper Star-Exponent]]
|others=First published in [[The Free Lance–Star]].
|date=August 26, 2020
|url=https://starexponent.com/news/caroline-supervisors-must-now-decide-where-to-relocate-confederate-monument/article_9bc84152-ef2b-54df-ac9e-a5ec9e201450.html}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[At Ready (statue)|At Ready]]''<hr>1909
| [[File:Confederate Memorial, Court Square, Charlottesville, Virginia.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]
| [[Virginia]]
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|September 12, 2020}}
| Removed by county
|
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/12/us/charlottesville-confederate-statue-at-ready.html|title=Confederate Statue Near Site of White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville Is Removed|first=Derrick Bryson|last=Taylor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 12, 2020|access-date=September 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Lee, Charlottesville|[[Robert E. Lee Monument (Charlottesville, Virginia)|Robert E. Lee Monument]]}}<hr />{{small|[[Henry Shrady]] and [[Leo Lentelli]], 1924}}
| [[File:Lee Park, Charlottesville, VA.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]
| [[Virginia]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 9, 2021}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2021}}
| Removed by city
| A previous attempt to remove the statue prompted the [[Unite the Right rally]] in 2017. The statue was removed to storage in July 2021. The statue was melted down on October 27, 2023.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS%20VA000018|title=Robert E. Lee, (sculpture).|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/10/robert-e-lee-statue-removed-in-charlottesville-virginia.html|title=Robert E. Lee statue removed in Charlottesville, Virginia|publisher=CNBC|date=July 10, 2021|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="NPR 2021-07-10">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/07/10/1014926659/charlottesville-removes-robert-e-lee-statue-that-sparked-a-deadly-rally|title=Charlottesville Removes Robert E. Lee Statue That Sparked A Deadly Rally|first=Ben|last=Paviour|date=July 10, 2021|publisher=NPR|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/robert-lee-statue-prompted-deadly-protest-virginia-melted-104429119|title=Robert E. Lee statue that prompted deadly protest in Virginia melted down|date=October 27, 2023|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Jackson, Charlottesville|[[Thomas Jonathan Jackson (sculpture)|Equestrian statue]] of [[Stonewall Jackson]]}}<hr />{{small|[[Charles Keck]], {{nowrap|1919–1921}}}}
| [[File:Jackson Sculpture (cropped).JPG|100px]]
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]
| [[Virginia]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 9, 2021}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2021}}
| Removed by city
| One of four public sculptures in the city removed over the weekend of July 10–11 (the others being the monuments to Lee, Lewis and Clark, and George Rogers Clark).
| <ref name="NPR 2021-07-10"/> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS%2077002178|title= Thomas Jonathan Jackson, (sculpture).|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="WaPo 2021-07-11">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/charlottesville-statues-removed/2021/07/11/a539169e-e25b-11eb-a41e-c8442c213fa8_story.html|title=Charlottesville takes down two more statues, deemed offensive to Native Americans, in weekend of removals|first1=Teo|last1=Armus|first2=Hannah|last2=Natanson|date=July 11, 2021|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}
|}

==== Genocide of indigenous peoples ====

Monuments dedicated to individuals accused of involvement in the [[Genocide of indigenous peoples#Spanish colonization of the Americas|genocide of indigenous peoples]] in the Americas have been removed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Christopher-Columbus-statue-vandalized-red-paint-14520046.php|title='Destroy all monuments of genocide': Christopher Columbus statue in San Francisco vandalized|date=October 14, 2019|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521050224/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Christopher-Columbus-statue-vandalized-red-paint-14520046.php|archive-date=May 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/10/christopher-columbus-statue-toppled-virginia|title=Christopher Columbus statues toppled in Virginia and beheaded in Boston|first1=Oliver|last1=Milman|first2=Associated|last2=Press|date=June 11, 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617154029/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/10/christopher-columbus-statue-toppled-virginia|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Juan de Oñate]], when [[List of Spanish governors of New Mexico|governor]] of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México]], was responsible for the 1599 [[Acoma Massacre]]. [[Junípero Serra]], a [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] [[friar]], was involved in enslaving [[Chumash people]] in the 18th century for the building and supplying of the [[Spanish missions in California]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/religion/pope-declares-jun-pero-serra-who-enslaved-indians-a-saint/article/444697|title=Pope declares Junípero Serra, who enslaved Indians, a saint|date=September 24, 2015|website=digitaljournal.com|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620163620/http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/religion/pope-declares-jun-pero-serra-who-enslaved-indians-a-saint/article/444697|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/slideshow/Statues-racism-exploitation-San-Francisco-Black-203718.php|title=The disturbing pasts of Columbus, Friar Serra, others commemorated in SF|first=Mike|last=Moffitt|date=June 13, 2020|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616152338/https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/slideshow/Statues-racism-exploitation-San-Francisco-Black-203718.php|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/pope-francis-junipero-serra-sainthood-washington-california|title=Junípero Serra's brutal story in spotlight as pope prepares for canonisation|date=September 23, 2015|website=The Guardian|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505020551/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/23/pope-francis-junipero-serra-sainthood-washington-california|archive-date=May 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Diego de Vargas]], also governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, led the reconquest of the territory in 1692, after the [[Pueblo Revolt]] of 1680.

A handful of towns in Spain have offered to receive statues of Spaniards unwanted in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Spanish towns offer new home for statues targeted by protests in US
|first=Ashifa
|last=Kassam
|date=July 1, 2020
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/01/spanish-towns-offer-new-home-for-statues-targeted-by-protests-in-us
|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]
|access-date=July 2, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702094403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/01/spanish-towns-offer-new-home-for-statues-targeted-by-protests-in-us
|archive-date=July 2, 2020
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| [[Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate]]
| [[File:Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate.jpg|100px|Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate]]
| [[Alcalde, New Mexico|Alcalde]]
| New Mexico
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| Temporarily removed by Río Arriba County authorities
| The right foot of the statue was cut off and stolen in 1997, in reference to Oñate's [[Acoma Massacre]], in which the right foot of every male over 25 was cut off.|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Montgomery |first1=Molly |title=County Takes Down Oñate Monument |url=http://www.riograndesun.com/news/county-takes-down-onate-monument/article_2530ed9c-af2f-11ea-b2e9-4f1a4633c37b.html |work=Rio Grande SUN |language=en |access-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191216/http://www.riograndesun.com/news/county-takes-down-onate-monument/article_2530ed9c-af2f-11ea-b2e9-4f1a4633c37b.html |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Man Is Shot at Protest Over Statue of New Mexico's Conquistador |first=Simon |last=Romero |date=June 15, 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/conquistador-onate-albuquerque-new-mexico-unrest.html |access-date=June 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616050602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/conquistador-onate-albuquerque-new-mexico-unrest.html |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Juan de Oñate (Albuquerque, New Mexico)|Statue of Juan de Oñate]]
|
| [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]
| New Mexico
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| Removed by city pending a decision on next steps
| Statue in front of the [[Albuquerque Museum of Art and History|Albuquerque Museum]] removed after an armed counter-protester shot a protester.
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaplan |first1=Elise |title=Former council candidate charged in protest shooting |url=https://www.abqjournal.com/1466753/apd-protest-shooter-arrested-charged-with-aggravated-battery.html |website=Albuquerque Journal |access-date=June 16, 2020 |date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616203602/https://www.abqjournal.com/1466753/apd-protest-shooter-arrested-charged-with-aggravated-battery.html |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Tim |title=In order to contain the public safety risk, the City will be removing the statue until the appropriate civic institutions can determine next steps. |url=https://twitter.com/MayorKeller/status/1272746899087360001 |via=Twitter |publisher=Mayor Tim Keller of Albuquerque |access-date=June 16, 2020 |language=en |date=June 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616042810/https://twitter.com/MayorKeller/status/1272746899087360001 |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Diego de Vargas]]
| [[File:The statue, Don Diego de Vargas.jpg|100px|Statue of Diego de Vargas]]
| [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]
| New Mexico
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 17, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by the mayor
| Vargas is remembered for reconquering [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México]] after the [[Pueblo Revolt]]. The statue was removed from Cathedral Park under the direction of Mayor [[Alan Webber]].
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chacón |first1=Daniel J. |title=De Vargas statue removed; overnight attempt to move Plaza obelisk fails |url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/de-vargas-statue-removed-overnight-attempt-to-move-plaza-obelisk-fails/article_f10f20f0-b169-11ea-8203-2722abef3f0d.html |work=Santa Fe New Mexican |date=June 18, 2020 |language=en |access-date=June 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621002726/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/de-vargas-statue-removed-overnight-attempt-to-move-plaza-obelisk-fails/article_f10f20f0-b169-11ea-8203-2722abef3f0d.html |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Kit Carson]] Obelisk
| [[File:2016 05 02 SF US Court House-001.jpg|100px|Santa Fe Federal Courthouse, with the Kit Carson obelisk to the left]]
| [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]
| New Mexico
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
|
| Removal ordered by the mayor
| In front of [[Santiago E. Campos United States Courthouse|federal courthouse]]
| <ref name=Santafe>{{cite news
|title= Santa Fe Mayor orders removal of three controversial monuments
|date=June 18, 2020
|work=[[KRQE]]
|url= https://www.krqe.com/news/protests/mayor-webber-calls-for-removal-of-controversial-santa-fe-monuments/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Civil War Monument (Denver)|Civil War Monument]]
| [[File:The Civil War Memorial, Denver.jpg|100px]]
| [[Denver]]
| Colorado
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
|Toppled by protesters
|The monument honors Colorado citizens who served in the Union Army. It listed battles against Native Americans in addition to battles against the Confederacy. Most controversially, it listed the [[Sand Creek massacre]] (a mass killing of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans) as a battle.
|<ref>Tabachink, Sam (June 25, 2020). [https://www.denverpost.com/2020/06/25/colorado-civil-war-statute-monument-toppled/ Civil War monument at Colorado Capitol that includes Sand Creek Massacre commemoration toppled overnight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627025452/https://www.denverpost.com/2020/06/25/colorado-civil-war-statute-monument-toppled/ |date=June 27, 2020 }}. ''Denver Post''. Retrieved June 27, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| American Indian War Memorial, or Soldiers Monument<hr>1867/1868
| [[File:Santa Fe Plaza (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]
| New Mexico
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 12, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by the mayor; toppled by protesters
| The obelisk in the [[Santa Fe Plaza]] commemorated battles against Native Americans (formerly referred to as "savage Indians" in the inscription) as well as Union soldiers in the Civil War. Destroyed during [[Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)|Indigenous Peoples' Day]] protests.
| <ref name=Santafe/> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.santafenm.gov/memorials-monuments-markers-inventory/american_indian_war_memorial_aka_obelisk|title=American Indian War Memorial (aka Obelisk)|publisher=City of Santa Fe|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126211357/https://www.santafenm.gov/memorials-monuments-markers-inventory/american_indian_war_memorial_aka_obelisk|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+NM000414|title=Soldiers Monument, (sculpture)|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/13/us/santa-fe-crowds-destroy-obelisk-trnd/index.html|title=Activists have long said a Santa Fe monument celebrated the killings of Native Americans. Crowds toppled it this week |first=Christina|last=Maxouris|publisher=CNN|date=October 13, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statues of Junípero Serra (Ventura, California)|Statues of Junípero Serra]]<hr>After John Palo-Kangas, 1987 and 1988
| [[File:Wood Father Serra Statue (Ventura, California).jpg|100px]]<hr>[[File:Father Junípero Serra Statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ventura, California|Ventura]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 26, 2020}}
| Removal voted 6–0 by Ventura City Council (includes wooden replica by local carvers). Previously agreed to by the Mayor and representatives of the Barbareño/Ventureño Band of Mission Indians and [[Mission San Buenaventura]].
| 1936 commission in front of [[Ventura County Courthouse]] by the [[Works Progress Administration]] as part of the [[Federal Art Project]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=CA002077|title=Father Junipero Serra, (sculpture) [wood]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=October 1, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=CA002078|title=Father Junipero Serra, (sculpture) [bronze]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=October 1, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Campa|first=Andrew J.|date=June 19, 2020|title=Junipero Serra statue to be moved away from Ventura City Hall|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-18/statue-of-controversial-roman-catholic-saint-to-be-moved-away-from-ventura-city-hall|url-status=live|access-date=June 19, 2020|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620035815/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-18/statue-of-controversial-roman-catholic-saint-to-be-moved-away-from-ventura-city-hall|archive-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=LaVere |first1=Matt |last2=Elewaut |first2=Tom |last3=Tumamait Stenslie |first3=Julie |title=Letter: A peaceful resolution on Father Junipero Serra statue |url=https://www.cityofventura.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/21850/A-peaceful-resolution-on-Father-Junipero-Serra-statue |publisher=City of Ventura, California |access-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Ventura City Council Votes To Remove Junipero Serra Statue
|newspaper=[[KCAL-TV|KCAL]] (CBSLA)
|date=July 16, 2020
|url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/07/16/ventura-city-council-votes-to-remove-junipero-serra-statue/
|access-date=July 16, 2020
|archive-date=July 16, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716153654/https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/07/16/ventura-city-council-votes-to-remove-junipero-serra-statue/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Junípero Serra (San Francisco)|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[File:Junípero Serra (Statue).JPG|100px|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[San Francisco]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Was installed in [[Golden Gate Park]]
| <ref name="GoldenGatePark">{{cite web |last1=Hurd |first1=Cheryl |title=Demonstrators Topple Statues in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-francisco/demonstrators-topple-statues-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/2312839/ |website=nbcbayarea.com |publisher=NBC Bay Area |access-date=June 20, 2020 |date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620163549/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-francisco/demonstrators-topple-statues-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/2312839/ |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Junípero Serra (Los Angeles)|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[File:Father Junipero Serra (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| Los Angeles
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 20, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 20, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Was displayed on [[Olvera Street]], the center of Los Angeles when it was Mexican.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7.com/6258309/|title=Demonstrators topple statue of Junipero Serra, who helped found missions in California, in DTLA|date=June 21, 2020|website=ABC7 Los Angeles|access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621183437/https://abc7.com/6258309/|archive-date=June 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Junípero Serra
| [[File:Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, CA USA - panoramio (3).jpg|100px]]
| [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 22, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 22, 2020}}
| Removed by local mission personnel
| Was displayed on grounds of the San Luis Obispo Mission
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://keyt.com/news/san-luis-obispo-county/2020/06/22/saint-junipero-serra-statue-removed-from-mission-san-luis-obispo/ |title=Saint Junipero Serra statue removed from Mission San Luis Obispo |date=June 23, 2020 |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630173358/https://keyt.com/news/san-luis-obispo-county/2020/06/22/saint-junipero-serra-statue-removed-from-mission-san-luis-obispo/ |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article243718742.html |title=Junípero Serra statue removed from San Luis Obispo CA mission | San Luis Obispo Tribune |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627191624/https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article243718742.html |archive-date=June 27, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Junípero Serra (Carmel, California)|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[File:Statue of Junipero Serra (Carmel Woods).jpg|100px]]
| [[Carmel, California|Carmel]]
| California
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020}}
| Removed by city as a safeguarding measure
| There are several statues of Serra in Carmel. This is the one by [[Jo Mora]], at intersection of Serra Avenue with Camino Del Monte.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title= Serra statue removed in Carmel for safekeeping, local cities deciding fate of others
|first=James
|last=Herrera
|date=June 24, 2020
|newspaper=[[Monterey Herald]]
|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2020/06/24/serra-statue-removed-in-carmel-for-safekeeping-local-cities-deciding-fate-of-others/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of [[Kit Carson]], [[Pioneer Fountain]]
| [[File:Pioneer Monument by Frederick William MacMonnies - DSC01379.JPG|100px]]
| [[Denver]]
| Colorado
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 26, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 26, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| The Carson statue was the third statue removed in Denver within two days; it was removed so as to prevent it from being toppled by protesters.
| <ref>Ochsner, Evan (June 26, 2020). [https://coloradosun.com/2020/06/26/kit-carson-statue-down-aim-denver/ Denver “proactively” removes Kit Carson statue from downtown monument ahead of protests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628015216/https://coloradosun.com/2020/06/26/kit-carson-statue-down-aim-denver/ |date=June 28, 2020 }}. ''Colorado Sun''. Retrieved June 28, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Junípero Serra
| [[File:Junípero Serra, Mission San Gabriel, San Gabriel, California.jpg|100px]]
| [[San Gabriel, California|San Gabriel]]
| California
| Not announced
| {{circa|{{dts|abbr=on|June 26, 2020}}}}
| Moved from the front of the mission to its garden, described as "away from public view"
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=San Gabriel Mission, a symbol of faith, history and oppression, is badly damaged by fire
|first1=Andrew J.
|last1=Campa
|first2=Alex
|last2=Wigglesworth
|first3=Sonali
|last3=Kohli
|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]
|date=June 12, 2020
|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/san-gabriel-mission-a-symbol-of-faith-history-and-oppression-is-badly-damaged-by-fire/ar-BB16DMTB
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Junípero Serra (Sacramento, California)|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[File:Junípero Serra statue, Sacramento, 2013.jpg|100px|Statue of Junípero Serra]]
| [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]
| California
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 4, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters; put into storage
| Part of [[California State Capitol Museum]]'s exhibit in Capitol Park near the [[California State Capitol]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcra.com/article/junipero-serra-statue-taken-down-protesters-capitol-chp-says/33208771|title=Junipero Serra statue taken down by protesters at Capitol, CHP says|author=KCRA Staff|date=July 5, 2020|website=KCRA}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of John Mason]]
| [[File:Major John Mason by James C. G. Hamilton, dedicated 1889 - Palisado Green - Windsor, Connecticut - DSC04394.jpg|100px]]
| [[Windsor, Connecticut|Windsor]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 6, 2020}}
|
| City must get approval from state, which owns the statue, in order to move it to the Windsor Historical Society
| Mason is remembered for his role in the [[Mystic Massacre|Pequot Massacre]].
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Windsor plans to move statue of Major John Mason, leader of Pequot Massacre
|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]]
|date=July 9, 2020
|first=Steven
|last=Goode
|url=https://www.courant.com/community/windsor/hc-news-john-mason-statue-removal-20200709-jwvl23jl4fgerkwetky7lr3fie-story.html}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov]]
| [[File:Statue of Alexandr Baranov (Sitka, Alska; cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Sitka, Alaska|Sitka]]
| [[Alaska]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 14, 2020}}
|
| Sitka Assembly voted 6–1 to move the statue from the front of Harrigan Centennial Hall into the [[Sitka Historical Museum]]
| Baranov was a Chief Manager of the [[Russian-American Company]] involved in the [[Russian America|Russian colonization of Alaska]], including founding Sitka (as New Archangel) and [[Kodiak, Alaska|Kodiak]] (as Pavlovskaya Gavan). He is said to have been involved in the genocide of the native [[Tlingit]] and [[Aleut]] people.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ktoo.org/2020/06/25/sitkans-gather-to-demand-the-relocation-of-controversial-baranov-statue/|title=Sitkans gather to demand the relocation of controversial Baranov Statue|first=Katherine Rose and Erin McKinstry|last=KCAW|date=June 25, 2020|website=KTOO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mustreadalaska.com/sitka-assembly-will-move-baranov-statue/|title=Sitka Assembly will move Baranov statue|first=Suzanne|last=Downing|date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| ''[[Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider]]''<hr>[[Alexander Phimister Proctor]], 1922
| [[File:Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider, by Alexander Phimister Proctor, 1922 - Portland, Oregon - Portland, Oregon - DSC01709 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 11, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters. Later restored and currently set to be reinstalled later this year.
| Toppled in a protest (referred to as the "[[Indigenous Peoples Day of Rage]]") against [[Columbus Day]]. Roosevelt is recorded as having had a hostile attitude toward Native Americans. Monument has been restored and is set to be reinstalled later this year.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1411F82D08214.1978&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100009~!1173987~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=5&source=~!siartinventories&term=Theodore+Roosevelt%252C&index=ALTIT|title=Theodore Roosevelt (sculpture) [Portland, Oregon]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="CBS Oct 12"/> <ref name="What's happening with the City’s monuments?">{{cite news|url=https://www.portland.gov/arts/monuments/whats-happening-citys-monuments |title=What's happening with the City’s monuments? |work=City of Portland|date=|access-date=2026-04-18}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Portland, Oregon)|Statue of Abraham Lincoln]]<hr>George Fite Waters, 1926
| [[File:Abraham Lincoln by George Fite Waters (1894-1961), dedicated 1928 - Portland, Oregon - DSC08369.jpg|100px]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 11, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters. Later restored and currently set to be reinstalled later this year.
| This statue was toppled shortly after that of Roosevelt nearby. "Dakota 38" was spray-painted on the pedestal, a reference to Lincoln's approving [[Dakota War of 1862#Execution|the execution]] of 38 [[Dakota people|Dakota]] men after the [[Dakota War of 1862]]. Monument has been restored and is set to be reinstalled later this year.
| <ref name="CBS Oct 12">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/portland-protesters-pull-down-statues-teddy-roosevelt-abraham-lincoln/|title=Portland protesters pull down statues of Teddy Roosevelt and Abe Lincoln|work=CBS News|date=October 12, 2020|access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!13611~!0#focus|title=Abraham Lincoln (sculpture) [Portland, Oregon]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="What's happening with the City’s monuments?"/>}}
|}

=====Christopher Columbus=====
{{see also|List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus}}
Several statues of [[Christopher Columbus]], the initiator of the [[European colonization of the Americas]], have been removed because of his alleged enslavement of and systemic violence against the [[indigenous peoples of the Caribbean]], including the genocide of the [[Taíno]] people.

In 2025, ''[[The New York Times]]'' found that several Columbus statues removed from American cities during the protests had been subsequently restored for display in less prominent locations by [[Italian American]] groups such as the [[Order Sons of Italy in America|Sons of Italy]]. Most such statues had originally been gifted by Italian Americans rather than being commissioned by the government.<ref name=NYT-Columbus>{{cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Julia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/11/arts/design/christopher-columbus-statues.html |title=Beheaded and Sent to Watery Graves, Columbus Statues Get New Life |work=The New York Times |location=New York City |date=October 11, 2025 |access-date=October 12, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> On October 2025, it was announced that a replica of the toppled and vandalized [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Baltimore)|Baltimore statue]] would be placed on display at the [[White House]].<ref name=Baltimore_Columbus/> The replica was placed on the north side of the [[Eisenhower Executive Office Building]] in March 2026.<ref name=NYT2026-03-22>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Julia |date=March 22, 2026 |title=Christopher Columbus Statue Is Installed on White House Grounds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/22/arts/design/columbus-statue-trump-white-house.html |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Richmond, Virginia)|Statue]]<hr>Ferruccio Legnaioli, 1926
| [[File:Columbus Statue in Byrd Park.jpg|100px|Christopher Columbus statue]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| The statue was toppled, lit on fire, and dumped in a nearby lake by protesters who stated that they were acting in solidarity with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. Later recovered and restored for display at the Sons of Italy hall in [[Blauvelt, New York|Blauvelt]], New York.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+75008387|title=Christopher Columbus Monument [Richmond, Virginia]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> <ref>Sullivan, Ali & Joachim, Zach (June 9, 2020). [https://www.richmond.com/news/local/protesters-stand-in-solidarity-with-indigenous-peoples-at-byrd-park-where-columbus-statue-is-torn/article_8a009c9c-1c5d-5e2a-a3bf-0b015a8a2277.html Watch Now: Protesters Stand in Solidarity with Indigenous Peoples at Byrd Park where Columbus Statue is Torn Down, THrown in Lake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610034638/https://www.richmond.com/news/local/protesters-stand-in-solidarity-with-indigenous-peoples-at-byrd-park-where-columbus-statue-is-torn/article_8a009c9c-1c5d-5e2a-a3bf-0b015a8a2277.html |date=June 10, 2020 }}. ''Richmond-Times Dispatch''. Retrieved June 10, 2020.</ref> <ref>NBC12 Newsroom (June 9, 2020). [https://www.nbc12.com/2020/06/09/christopher-columbus-statue-torn-down-thrown-lake-by-protesters/ Christopher Columbus Statue Torn Down, Thrown in Lake by Protesters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610040829/https://www.nbc12.com/2020/06/09/christopher-columbus-statue-torn-down-thrown-lake-by-protesters/ |date=June 10, 2020 }}.''NBC12''. Retrieved June 10, 2020.</ref><ref name=NYT-Columbus/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Statue]]<hr>Carlo Brioschi, 1931
| [[File:Christopher Columbus Statue-Minnesota State Capitol-October 8, 2013.jpg|100px|Christopher Columbus statue]]
| {{sort|Saint Paul|[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]]}}
| Minnesota
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| The statue, located next to the [[Minnesota State Capitol]], was toppled by members of the [[American Indian Movement]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+76000138|title=Christopher Columbus [Saint Paul, Minnesota]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.fox9.com/news/group-tears-down-columbus-statue-outside-minnesota-state-capitol Group Tears Down Columbus Statue Outside Minnesota State Capitol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610233637/https://www.fox9.com/news/group-tears-down-columbus-statue-outside-minnesota-state-capitol |date=June 10, 2020 }}. ''Fox9''. Published June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (North End, Boston)|Statue]]<hr>Andrew J. Mazzola, 1979
| [[File:Columbus Statue.jpg|100px|Statue of Christopher Columbus]]
| [[Boston]]
| Massachusetts
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| Decapitated by protesters, removed by city
| The statue was removed following vandalism and a review. Repaired, donated to the [[Knights of Columbus]], and placed on display at a Catholic church.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+MA000167|title=Christopher Columbus [Boston, Massachusetts]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ellement |first1=John |title=Vandalized statue of Christopher Columbus will be removed pending a review, Mayor Walsh says |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/10/metro/statue-christopher-columbus-vandalized-north-end/ |access-date=June 10, 2020 |work=Boston Globe |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610171434/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/10/metro/statue-christopher-columbus-vandalized-north-end/ |archive-date=June 10, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NYT-Columbus/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Camden, New Jersey)|Statue]]<hr>1915
|
| [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Removal ordered by mayor [[Frank Moran (politician)|Frank Moran]] after many years of vandalism.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+NJ000136|title=Christopher Columbus [Camden, New Jersey]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hendrickson|first=Beccah|date=June 12, 2020|title=Columbus Statues Removed in Camden, New Jersey and Wilmington, Delaware|url=https://6abc.com/6245248/|access-date=June 13, 2020|website=6abc Philadelphia|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613200141/https://6abc.com/6245248/|archive-date=June 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Houston)|Statue]]<hr>Joe Incrapera, 1992
|
| [[Houston]]
| [[Texas]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|The statue was removed from [[Bell Park (Houston)|Bell Park]] a week after being vandalized with red paint and having a hand cut off.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/artinparks/christophercolumbus.html|title=Christopher Columbus|publisher=Houston Parks and Recreation Department|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>McGuinness, Dylan (June 20, 2020). [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/goodbye-columbus-houston-removes-vandalized-statue-from-bell-park/ss-BB15Jze0#image=1 Goodbye Columbus: Houston removes vandalized statue from Bell Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621061446/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/goodbye-columbus-houston-removes-vandalized-statue-from-bell-park/ss-BB15Jze0#image=1 |date=June 21, 2020 }}. MSN. Retrieved June 21, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (New London, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>Armand Battelli, 1928
|
| [[New London, Connecticut|New London]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Mayor ordered removal
| The statue will be removed pending a review
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CT000077|title=Christopher Columbus Monument [New London, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=New London Mayor Decides to Remove Christopher Columbus Statue; Hopes to Have Public Weigh In |url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/new-london-mayor-decides-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue-hopes-to-have-public-weigh-in/2286788/ |work=NBC Connecticut |access-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615192306/https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/new-london-mayor-decides-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue-hopes-to-have-public-weigh-in/2286788/ |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Wilmington, Delaware)|Statue]]<hr>Egidio Giaroli, 1957
|
| [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]
|Delaware
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Removal ordered by mayor [[Mike Purzycki]] to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+77003034|title=Christopher Columbus [Wilmington, Delaware]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Talorico|first=Jeanne Kuang, Marina Affo and Patricia|title=Wilmington to remove Caesar Rodney statue; Christopher Columbus statue already down|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/06/12/wilmington-remove-christopher-columbus-caesar-rodney-statues/3175003001/|access-date=June 12, 2020|website=The News Journal|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612193754/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/06/12/wilmington-remove-christopher-columbus-caesar-rodney-statues/3175003001/|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbia, South Carolina)|Statue]]<hr>Estelle Hampton Frierson and Stavros Alexander Chrysostomides, 1992
| [[File:Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbia, South Carolina).jpg|100px]]
| [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]]
|South Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Removal and storage ordered by mayor [[Stephen K. Benjamin|Steve Benjamin]] and City Council.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+SC000229|title=Christopher Columbus [Columbia, South Carolina]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="sc">{{Cite web|agency=Associated Press|title=Mayor: Columbia Christopher Columbus statue put in storage after vandalism|url=https://abcnews4.com/news/local/columbia-christopher-columbus-statue-put-in-storage-after-vandalism|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=ABC 4 News|date=June 12, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616234907/https://abcnews4.com/news/local/columbia-christopher-columbus-statue-put-in-storage-after-vandalism|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Chula Vista, California)|Statue]]<hr>Mario Zamora, 1989
|
| [[Chula Vista, California|Chula Vista]]
| [[California]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
|Removed by city
| The city put the statue in storage ahead of a protest on June 12, 2020. On May 5, 2021, the Chula Vista City Council voted to permanently remove the statue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berjan |first=Sarah |date=2022-11-05 |title=Chula Vista renames Discovery Park in honor of the Kumeyaay Nation |url=http://www.chulavistatoday.com/local-news/chula-vista-renames-discovery-park-in-honor-of-the-kumeyaay-nation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029093624/https://www.chulavistatoday.com/local-news/chula-vista-renames-discovery-park-in-honor-of-the-kumeyaay-nation/ |archive-date=2023-10-29 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Chula Vista Today |language=en-US}}</ref> In November 2022, Discovery Park was renamed [[Kumeyaay Park|Kumeyaay Park of Chula Vista]] (see below).
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CA000583|title=Christopher Columbus [Chula Vista, California]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/chula-vista-city-officials-put-christopher-columbus-statue-in-storage-ahead-of-protest/|title=Chula Vista city officials put Christopher Columbus statue in storage ahead of protest|date=June 13, 2020|author=Nexstar Media Wire|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616014215/https://ktla.com/news/local-news/chula-vista-city-officials-put-christopher-columbus-statue-in-storage-ahead-of-protest/|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Murga">{{Cite web |last1=Murga |first1=Tammy |last2=Mapp |first2=Lauren J |date=2022-11-03 |title=Chula Vista park where Columbus statue once stood will be renamed for Kumeyaay Nation |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/story/2022-11-02/chula-vista-park-where-columbus-statue-once-stood-will-instead-honor-kumeyaay-nation-with-new-name |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103002600/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/story/2022-11-02/chula-vista-park-where-columbus-statue-once-stood-will-instead-honor-kumeyaay-nation-with-new-name |archive-date=2022-11-03 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Middletown, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>Jerry T. Williams, 1996
|
| [[Middletown, Connecticut|Middletown]]
| [[Connecticut]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 13, 2020}}
| City of Middletown removed statue
| Statue was already slated to be stored due to maintenance work at the park
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?record=usct12|title=Middletown – Christopher Columbus|first1=René|last1=van der Krogt|first2=Peter|last2=van der Krogt|work=Statues – Hither & Thither|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/middlesex/christopher-columbus-statue-temporarily-removed-in-middletown-mayor-says-it-hasnt-been-vandalized/|title=Christopher Columbus statue temporarily removed in Middletown, mayor says it hasn't been vandalized|date=June 14, 2020|first1=Zane|last1=Frederick|first2=Teresa|last2=Pellicano|first3=Samaia|last3=Hernandez|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615235734/https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/middlesex/christopher-columbus-statue-temporarily-removed-in-middletown-mayor-says-it-hasnt-been-vandalized/|archive-date=June 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| [[Christopher Columbus Monument (West Orange, New Jersey)|Monument]]<hr>1992
|
| [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 13, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Removal ordered by West Orange Mayor Robert Parisi
| No final removal date has yet been announced.
| <ref>Kuperinsky, Amy (June 16, 2020). [https://www.nj.com/news/2020/06/west-orange-will-remove-christopher-columbus-monument-a-symbol-of-hate-and-oppression.html West Orange will remove Christopher Columbus monument, a ‘symbol of hate and oppression’]. ''The Star-Ledger''. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Bust of Christopher Columbus (Detroit)|Bust]]<hr>[[Augusto Rivalta]], 1910
|
| [[Detroit]]
| Michigan
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Removal and storage ordered by mayor [[Mike Duggan]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+MI000076|title=Christopher Columbus [Detroit, Michigan]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="detroit">{{Cite web|last1=Dickson|first1=James David|last2=Rahal|first2=Sarah|title=After 110 years downtown, Detroit's Christopher Columbus bust placed in storage|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2020/06/15/after-110-years-downtown-detroits-christopher-columbus-bust-placed-storage/3191547001/|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=Detroit News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617003346/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2020/06/15/after-110-years-downtown-detroits-christopher-columbus-bust-placed-storage/3191547001/|archive-date=June 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Hartford, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>[[Vincenzo Miserendino]], 1926
| [[File:Columbus (statue) LCCN2012631389.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 29, 2020}}
|
| Mayor [[Luke Bronin]] announced that the statue near the [[Connecticut State Capitol]] would be removed.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+75001658|title=Christopher Columbus Monument [Hartford, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Hartford">{{cite news |last1=Owens |first1=David |title=Hartford and New Haven will remove statues honoring Christopher Columbus |url=https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-news-connecticut-columbus-statues-removed-20200616-7tzvujil7zcxvou3rcoeibz3fi-story.html |work=Hartford Courant |date=June 15, 2020 |access-date=June 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616023906/https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-news-connecticut-columbus-statues-removed-20200616-7tzvujil7zcxvou3rcoeibz3fi-story.html |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
| title=Christopher Columbus statue near Connecticut Capitol removed
|date=June 29, 2020
|newspaper=The Day
|url= https://www.theday.com/statenortheast-news/20200629/christopher-columbus-statue-near-connecticut-capitol-removed}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (New Haven, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>1952 (recast of an 1892 original)
| [[File:Statue of Christopher Columbus (New Haven, Connecticut).jpg|100px]]
| [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 24, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CT000002|title=Christopher Columbus [New Haven, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Hartford"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/group-opposing-removal-of-new-haven-christopher-columbus-statue-gathers-in-wooster-square/2292779/|title=New Haven Takes Down Christopher Columbus Statue in Wooster Square|date=June 24, 2020|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624173722/https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/group-opposing-removal-of-new-haven-christopher-columbus-statue-gathers-in-wooster-square/2292779/|archive-date=June 24, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus State Community College)|Statue]]<hr>Alfred Solani, {{circa|1950s}}
| [[File:Columbus State statue 02.jpg|100px]]
| [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]
| Ohio
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by college
| Removal announced by Columbus State Community College's president of the board of trustees, to be stored while the future of the statue is discussed.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+OH000338|title=Christopher Columbus [Columbus State Community College]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbusunderground.com/columbus-state-community-college-removing-christopher-columbus-statue-we1fe|title=Columbus Statue Coming Down at CSCC – Columbus Underground|date=June 16, 2020|access-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616185426/https://www.columbusunderground.com/columbus-state-community-college-removing-christopher-columbus-statue-we1fe|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myfox28columbus.com/news/local/columbus-state-removes-columbus-statue-june-19-2020|title=Christopher Columbus statue removed at Columbus State|date=June 19, 2020|publisher=WTTE}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (St. Louis)|Statue]]<hr>[[Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller|Ferdinand von Miller II]], 1884
| [[File:TowerGrovePark-StLouis-MO-ColumbusStatue-HABS-HAER-099046pu.jpg|100px|Christopher Columbus Statue in St. Louis]]
| {{sort|Saint Louis|[[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]}}
| Missouri
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Removal ordered by St. Louis Park Board
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+76000975|title=Statue of Christopher Columbus [St. Louis, Missouri]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="stlouis">{{cite web|last=St. Onge|first=Kim|title=Christopher Columbus statue removed from Tower Grove Park|url=https://www.kmov.com/news/christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-tower-grove-park/article_b7f1574a-ad16-11ea-b3f8-53efc3737f8e.html|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=KMOV4|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618025004/https://www.kmov.com/news/christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-tower-grove-park/article_b7f1574a-ad16-11ea-b3f8-53efc3737f8e.html|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella]]''<hr>[[Larkin Goldsmith Mead]], 1868–1874
| [[File:Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 7, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by [[California State Legislature]]
| The sculptural group, installed in the [[California State Capitol]] in 1883, shows Columbus persuading [[Isabella I of Castile]] to fund his 1492 voyage.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+75001228|title=Statue of Statue of Columbus Before Queen Isabella|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Dickerson |first1=Karma |title=Christopher Columbus, Queen Isabella statue removed from State Capitol Rotunda |url=https://fox40.com/news/local-news/christopher-columbus-queen-isabella-statue-being-removed-from-state-capitol-rotunda/ |work=FOX40 |date=July 7, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Columbus statue inside California Capitol is removed |url=https://www.kcra.com/article/columbus-statue-california-capitol-being-removed/33228969 |work=KCRA |date=July 8, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>Wise, Justin (June 17, 2020). [https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/503151-columbus-statue-to-be-removed-from-california-state-capitol Columbus Statue to be Removed from California State Capitol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617192540/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/503151-columbus-statue-to-be-removed-from-california-state-capitol |date=June 17, 2020 }}. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</ref> <ref>Bermel, Colby (June 16, 2020).[https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2020/06/16/california-to-remove-columbus-statue-from-state-capitol-after-137-years-1293431 California to Remove Columbus Statue from State Capitol after 137 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618014206/https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2020/06/16/california-to-remove-columbus-statue-from-state-capitol-after-137-years-1293431 |date=June 18, 2020 }}. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (San Francisco)|Statue]]<hr>Vittorio di Colbertaldo, 1957
| [[File:Christopher Columbus by Vittorio Di Colbertaldo - Telegraph Hill, San Francisco, CA - DSC04711.jpg|100px]]
| [[San Francisco]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Removed by the [[San Francisco Arts Commission]]
| The statue, located next to [[Coit Tower]], was removed by the City ahead of a planned [[Juneteenth]] protest to throw it into the [[San Francisco Bay]].
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fracassa |first1=Dominic |title=San Francisco knocks Christopher Columbus off his pedestal before protesters do |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Christopher-Columbus-statue-by-Coit-Tower-removed-15349812.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=June 20, 2020 |date=June 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620094630/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Christopher-Columbus-statue-by-Coit-Tower-removed-15349812.php |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus City Hall)|Statue]]<hr>[[Edoardo Alfieri]], 1955
| [[File:Christopher Columbus statue, Ohio 01.jpg|100px]]
| [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]
| Ohio
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 1, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by city
| Removal announced by the City of Columbus.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+OH000006|title=Christopher Columbus [Columbus City Hall]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="abc6_City">{{Cite web |title=City of Columbus to remove Christopher Columbus statue outside City Hall |author=WSYX/WTTE |publisher=WSYX |date=June 18, 2020 |access-date=June 18, 2020 |url=https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/city-of-columbus-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue-outside-city-hall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619112917/https://abc6onyourside.com/news/local/city-of-columbus-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue-outside-city-hall |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Columbus, Ohio, Takes Down Statue Of Christopher Columbus|last=Chappell|first=Bill|date=July 1, 2020|newspaper=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/01/885909530/columbus-ohio-takes-down-statue-of-christopher-columbus}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Philadelphia)|Statue]]<hr>Emanuele Caroni, {{circa|1875}}
| [[File:Christopher Columbus Monument in Marconi Plaza.jpg|100px]]
| [[Philadelphia]]
| Pennsylvania
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 24, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Statue retained and shroud removed after successful court challenge.
| On August 12, 2020, the Philadelphia Art Commission issued an order to remove the statue from [[Marconi Plaza, Philadelphia|Marconi Plaza]] and to place it in temporary storage. This followed an endorsement of a city proposal, two weeks prior, by the [[Philadelphia Historical Commission]], to remove the statue, citing public safety and susceptibility of damage to the statue as a result of the [[George Floyd protests]]. A judge later halted the order, while a legal battle continues in the courts.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-columbus-statue-marconi-plaza-george-floyd-protests-20200812.html The Philadelphia Inquirer], ''Plans to move Columbus statue to temporary storage get Art Commission approval, but judge orders stay'', August 12, 2020 (Accessed September 5, 2020)</ref> Citing preservation of the statue pending a final decision, the City of Philadelphia had it boxed. On August 17, 2021, a judge from [[Pennsylvania courts of common pleas|Philadelphia Common Pleas Court]] ruled the decision for removing the statue to be without legal merit.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/wires/ap/judge-rules-columbus-statue-philadelphia-can-remain-20210818.html The Philadelphia Inquirer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818172155/https://www.inquirer.com/wires/ap/judge-rules-columbus-statue-philadelphia-can-remain-20210818.html |date=August 18, 2021 }}, ''Judge rules Columbus statue in Philadelphia can remain'', August 18, 2021</ref> On December 9, 2022, a ruling by the [[Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court]] ordered the plywood box enclosure to be removed.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/columbus-statue-box-philadelphia-marconi-plaza-20221209.html The Philadelphia Inquirer], ''Box around Christopher Columbus statue in South Philadelphia must be removed, Commonwealth Court rules'', December 09, 2022</ref>
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+PA000620|title=Columbus Monument [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Philadelphia moves to dismantle Christopher Columbus statue|first=Frank|last=Miles|newspaper=[[Fox News]]|date=June 25, 2020|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/philadelphia-dismantle-christopher-columbus-statue|access-date=June 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626060441/https://www.foxnews.com/us/philadelphia-dismantle-christopher-columbus-statue|archive-date=June 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Norwalk, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>{{circa|1940}}
|
| [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CT000156|title=Christopher Columbus [Norwalk, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title= After nightfall, Norwalk removes Columbus statue|date= June 25, 2020|newspaper= [[The Hour (newspaper)|The Hour]]|url= https://www.thehour.com/news/article/After-nightfall-Norwalk-removes-Columbus-statue-15367856.php?src=nwkhpln|access-date= June 26, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200626084918/https://www.thehour.com/news/article/After-nightfall-Norwalk-removes-Columbus-statue-15367856.php?src=nwkhpln|archive-date= June 26, 2020|url-status= live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Johnston, Rhode Island)|Statue]]<hr>[[Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi]], 1893
| [[File:Christopher Columbus Statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]
| Rhode Island
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Purchased by [[Joseph Paolino]], a former mayor of Providence, and reinstalled in the nearby town of [[Johnston, Rhode Island|Johnston]] in 2023.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+77001753|title=Christopher Columbus [Providence, Rhode Island]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.providenceri.gov/mayor-elorza-announces-removal-christopher-columbus-statue/|title=Mayor Elorza Announces Removal of Christopher Columbus Statue|date=June 25, 2020|publisher=City of Providence, Rhode Island|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://turnto10.com/news/local/providence-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue|title=Providence removes Christopher Columbus statue|first=Frank|last=Maradiaga|date=June 25, 2020|website=10 WJAR|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2023/10/05/columbus-statue-johnston-rhode-island|title=Columbus statue, removed from a square in Providence, R.I., re-emerges in nearby town|website=WBUR|first=Steve|last=LeBlanc|date=October 5, 2023|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Newark, New Jersey)|Statue]]<hr>Giuseppe Ciochetti, 1927
| [[File:Columbus in Washington Pk jeh.jpg|100px|Statue of Christopher Columbus]]
| [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| The statue was removed from Washington Park due to the risk of people injuring themselves trying to topple it. The statue will be kept in storage until a final determination is reached regarding the statue's fate.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?record=usnj23|title=Newark – Christopher Columbus Statue in Washington Park|first1=René|last1=van der Krogt|first2=Peter|last2=van der Krogt|work=Statues – Hither & Thither|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>Panico, Rebecca (June 25, 2020). [https://www.nj.com/essex/2020/06/another-christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-nj-city-park.html Another Christopher Columbus statue removed from N.J. city park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627022726/https://www.nj.com/essex/2020/06/another-christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-nj-city-park.html |date=June 27, 2020 }}. ''NJ.com''. Retrieved June 26, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Denver)|Statue]]<hr>William F. Joseph, 1970
| [[File:Christopher Columbus by William Johnson - Civic Center Park, Denver - DSC01190.jpg|100px|Memorial to Christopher Columbus]]
| [[Denver]]
| Colorado
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 26, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 26, 2020}}
| Removed by protesters
| The statue was originally placed in front of the [[Denver Civic Center]] in the 1970s.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+66240015|title=Christopher Columbus, Discoverer of America [Denver, Colorado]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>Sebastian, Mattm (June 26, 2020). [https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/26/columbus-statue-torn-down-denver/ Statue honoring Christopher Columbus in Denver's Civic Center torn down overnight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627023833/https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/26/columbus-statue-torn-down-denver/ |date=June 27, 2020 }}. ''Mercury News''. Retrieved June 26, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Atlantic City, New Jersey)|Statue]]<hr>Gaetano Chiaromonte, 1958
|
| [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 28, 2020}}
|
|
| Being removed "to avert potential vandalism"
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+NJ000411|title=Columbus [Atlantic City, New Jersey]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
| title=Columbus statue on the move in A.C., Stockton knee-deep in seagrass, the Pleasantville March for Justice and more
| newspaper=[[Press of Atlantic City]]
| date=June 29, 2020
| url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/columbus-statue-on-the-move-in-a-c-stockton-knee-deep-in-seagrass-the-pleasantville/article_26cebeca-3ec1-5adc-af92-0115febae26a.html
| access-date=June 29, 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630013109/https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/columbus-statue-on-the-move-in-a-c-stockton-knee-deep-in-seagrass-the-pleasantville/article_26cebeca-3ec1-5adc-af92-0115febae26a.html
| archive-date=June 30, 2020
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
|p=y
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (San Antonio)|Statue]]<hr>Armando Dattelli, 1957
|
| [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 30, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 1, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+TX000674|title=Christopher Columbus Discoverer of the New World 1492 [San Antonio, Texas]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=San Antonio to remove Christopher Columbus statue before deciding its permanent fate in August
|first=Joshua
|last=Fechter
|date=June 30, 2020
|url= https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/San-Antonio-to-remove-Christopher-Columbus-statue-15378057.php
|newspaper=[[San Antonio Express-News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=San Antonio's downtown Christopher Columbus statue comes down
|first=Joshua
|last=Fechter
|date=July 1, 2020
|newspaper=[[San Antonio Express-News]]
|url= https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/Statue-of-Christopher-Columbus-in-downtown-San-15379466.php}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Waterbury, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>[[Frank Gaylord]], 1984
| [[File:Decapitated Columbus statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]]
| Connecticut
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 4, 2020}} (reported)
| Decapitated; later repaired
| Located outside Waterbury City Hall
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CT000026|title=Cristoforo Colombo [Waterbury, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Columbus statue decapitated in Waterbury, Conn. amid protests
|url= https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2020/07/04/columbus-statue-decapitated-in-waterbury-conn-amid-protests
|agency=Associated Press
|date=July 4, 2020
|newspaper=[[Boston Globe]]
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Puffer |first1=Mike |title=Decapitated in July, Waterbury's Christopher Columbus statue is restored |url=https://www.rep-am.com/local/localnews/2020/12/02/decapitated-in-july-waterburys-christopher-columbus-statue-is-restored/ |website=Republican America |access-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411160929/https://www.rep-am.com/local/localnews/2020/12/02/decapitated-in-july-waterburys-christopher-columbus-statue-is-restored/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Baltimore)|Statue]]<hr>Mauro Bigarani, 1984
|
| [[Baltimore]]
| Maryland
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 4, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| After the statue was toppled from its base, it was dumped into Baltimore's [[Inner Harbor]]. Later recovered and used to make a mold for two replicas; one was installed at the White House in March 2026.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.weaa.org/post/christopher-columbus-statue-toppled-parts-tossed-inner-harbor#stream/0|first=Julius|last=White|title=Christopher Columbus statue is toppled, parts tossed into Inner Harbor|date=July 6, 2020|publisher=[[WEAA]]|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref><ref name=NYT-Columbus/><ref name=Baltimore_Columbus>{{cite news |last=Pryor |first=Rebecca |title=Once dumped in the Inner Harbor, Baltimore's Columbus statue now headed to the White House |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/replica-toppled-columbus-statue-new-home-white-house# |publisher=WBFF |work=Fox 5 News|date=October 13, 2025|access-date=October 14, 2025 }}</ref><ref name=NYT2026-03-22/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Bridgeport, Connecticut)|Statue]]<hr>Clemente Spampinato, 1964
| [[File:Seaside Park - Christopher Columbus statue 2.jpg|100px|Statue of Christopher Columbus]]
| [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]
| Connecticut
| Not announced
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 6, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Placed in storage following removal.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+CT000377|title=Christopher Columbus [Bridgeport, Connecticut]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=City Officials Remove Christopher Columbus Statue in Bridgeport |url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/city-officials-remove-christopher-columbus-statue-in-bridgeport/2298714/ |work=NBC Connecticut |date=July 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Bridgeport's Columbus statue quietly removed on Monday
|first=Pat
|last=Tomlinson
|newspaper=Connecticut Post
|url=https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Bridgeport-s-Columbus-statue-quietly-removed-on-15389835.php
|date=July 7, 2020
|archive-date=July 7, 2020
|access-date=July 7, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707200834/https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Bridgeport-s-Columbus-statue-quietly-removed-on-15389835.php
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Columbus, Wisconsin)|Statue]]<hr>1992
|
| [[Columbus, Wisconsin|Columbus]]
| Wisconsin
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 6, 2020}}
|
| City Council voted to put it in storage until another home is found
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?record=uswi01|title=Columbus – Christopher Columbus|first1=René|last1=van der Krogt|first2=Peter|last2=van der Krogt|work=Statues – Hither & Thither|access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Small Wisconsin city votes to remove Christopher Columbus statue
|first=Emily
|last=Hamer
|date=July 8, 2020
|newspaper=wiscnews.com
|url= https://www.wiscnews.com/news/state-and-regional/small-wisconsin-city-votes-to-remove-christopher-columbus-statue/article_7108b878-08dd-5e2f-ad64-92721921871f.html}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Trenton, New Jersey)|Statue]]<hr>1959
|
| [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 7, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 8, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|
| <ref>{{cite news|first=Kevin|last=Shea|title=Christopher Columbus statue coming down in Trenton|website=nj.com|date=July 8, 2020|url= https://www.nj.com/mercer/2020/07/christopher-columbus-statue-coming-down-in-trenton.html|access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| Relief on the Italian Heritage Monument
|
| [[Norwich, Connecticut|Norwich]]
| Connecticut
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 24, 2020}}
| Planned for September
| Removal ordered by Norwich Italian Heritage & Cultural Community
| The portrayal of Columbus was ordered to be removed in order to protect the monument from vandalism. The relief will be replaced with a statement honoring Italian immigrants to Norwich.
|<ref>Myers, Leah & Ferreira, Shaynah (June 24, 2020). [https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/new-london/norwich-to-replace-christopher-columbus-memorial-honor-italian-americans/#:~:text=NORWICH%2C%20Conn.%20%28WTNH%29%20%E2%80%94%20The%20City%20of%20Norwich,removal%20of%20Columbus%20statue%20from%20downtown%20New%20London Norwich to replace Christopher Columbus memorial]. ''News 8''. Retrieved July 10, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Buffalo, New York)|Statue]]<hr>Giovanni Polizzi, 1952
| [[File:Columbus @ Prospect Park - 20200326.jpg|100px]] 
| [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]
| New York
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Columbus Park, where the statue was located, was renamed to [[Prospect Park (Buffalo, New York)|Prospect Park]] as well.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://risecollaborative.com/rise/columbus-statue-down|first=Tyler|last=Bagwell|title=What shall we do with our drunken sailor, inventor of Americas?|website=Rise Collaborative|date=July 14, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2020}}</ref> <ref>McShea, Keith & Sommer, Mark (July 10, 2020). [https://buffalonews.com/news/statue-comes-down-in-christopher-columbus-park-name-change-will-follow/article_7011a3f8-c2a6-11ea-b013-1bb8b83406cd.html Statue comes down in Christopher Columbus Park; name change will follow]. ''Buffalo News''. Retrieved July 10, 2020.</ref> <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/buffalo-common-council-votes-unanimously-to-rename-columbus-park-to-prospect-park| title=Buffalo Common Council votes unanimously to rename Columbus Park to Prospect Park| last=Reyes| first=Anthony | date=November 10, 2020| website=[[WKBW-TV]]| access-date=October 17, 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Chicago)|Statue]]<hr>Carlo Brioschi, 1933<hr>
Statue<hr>[[Moses Jacob Ezekiel]], 1891
| [[File:GrantColumbus1.JPG|100px]]<hr>[[File:Christopher Columbus statue in Arrigo Park (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Chicago]]
| Illinois
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 24, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 24, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Statues in [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]] and [[Little Italy, Chicago|Little Italy]]'s Arrigo Park ordered removed by Mayor [[Lori Lightfoot]] amid continued protests and [[2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States|the deployment of federal forces]] to Chicago over Lightfoot's objections.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+75004278|title=Christopher Columbus [Grant Park, Chicago]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+87580083|title=Christopher Columbus [Arrigo Park, Chicago]|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Gstalter |first1=Morgan |title=Chicago mayor has Christopher Columbus statue removed from city park |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/508843-chicago-mayor-has-christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-city-park |website=The Hill |access-date=July 24, 2020 |language=en |date=July 24, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Will |title=Chicago Christopher Columbus statues in Grant Park, Little Italy removed by city |url=https://abc7chicago.com/christopher-columbus-statue-chicago-grant-park-mayor-lightfoot/6332380/ |website=ABC7 Chicago |access-date=July 24, 2020 |language=en |date=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Drake Fountain|Statue]]<hr>[[Richard Henry Park]], 1893
| [[File:Drake Fountain, Chicago, October 13, 1912 (NBY 615 cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Chicago]]
| Illinois
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 31, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 30, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| A 7-foot tall statue of Columbus, part of the Drake Fountain, was removed on the orders of Mayor [[Lori Lightfoot]]. It was the last known monument to Columbus in the city.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS+87580118|title=The Drake Fountain|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 29, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Kelly |title=City's Last Columbus Statue Removed In South Chicago |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2020/07/31/citys-last-columbus-statue-removed-in-south-chicago/ |website=Chicago Block Club |access-date=August 1, 2020 |language=en |date=July 31, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue<hr>[[Laura Bradley Park]], 1947
|
| [[Peoria, Illinois|Peoria]]
| Illinois
| {{dts|abbr=on|September 24, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 9, 2020}}
| Removed by city
|
| <ref>{{cite web|last1=Hawkins |first1=Ellie |url=https://www.bradleyscout.com/news/christopher-columbus-statue-removed-from-laura-bradley-park/|title=Christopher Columbus statue removed from Laura Bradley Park|publisher=Bradley Scout|access-date=October 15, 2023 |language=en |date=October 9, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Dahlhoff |first1=Tory |title=Columbus Statue Will Be Removed From Bradley Park|url=https://www.wcbu.org/peoria-public-radio-news/2020-09-24/columbus-statue-will-be-removed-from-bradley-park |website=WCBU |access-date=October 15, 2023 |language=en |date=September 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Pittsburgh)|Statue]]<hr>[[Frank Vittor]], 1958
| [[File:Pittsburgh Christopher Columbus monument wrapped.jpg|100px]]
| [[Pittsburgh]]
| Pennsylvania
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 28, 2020}}
|
| Removal approved by Pittsburgh Mayor [[Bill Peduto]] and Pittsburgh Art Commission. Shrouded.
| Pending outcome of lawsuit
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Tom |title=Pittsburgh Art Commission votes to remove Columbus statue; legal challenge continues |url=https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-art-commission-vote-to-remove-columbus-statue-legal-challenge-continues/ |access-date=May 20, 2021 |work=TribLIVE.com |date=October 28, 2020}}</ref>
|p=y
}}{{RM row
| [[Kumeyaay Park|Park]]
| [[File:Discovery Park, Chula Vista, CA.jpg|100px]]
| [[Chula Vista, California|Chula Vista]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|November 1, 2022}}
|7=Renamed by city
|8=Nearly three years after the [[Statue of Christopher Columbus (Chula Vista, California)|Statue of Christopher Columbus]] was removed from the park (see above) the Chula Vista City Council voted unanimously to rename the park that references Columbus's apocryphal [[Christopher Columbus#Originality of discovery of America|discovery]] of America to Kumeyaay Park of Chula Vista to honor the [[aboriginal title]] holders of the land it is in.
|9=<ref name="Murga">{{Cite web |last1=Murga |first1=Tammy |last2=Mapp |first2=Lauren J |date=2022-11-03 |title=Chula Vista park where Columbus statue once stood will be renamed for Kumeyaay Nation |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/story/2022-11-02/chula-vista-park-where-columbus-statue-once-stood-will-instead-honor-kumeyaay-nation-with-new-name |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103002600/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/south-county/story/2022-11-02/chula-vista-park-where-columbus-statue-once-stood-will-instead-honor-kumeyaay-nation-with-new-name |archive-date=2022-11-03 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref>}}
|}

====Others====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Edward W. Carmack|Statue]] of [[Edward W. Carmack]]
| [[File:Edward Ward Carmack statue Tennessee Capitol (cropped).jpg|100px|Statue of Edward W. Carmack]]
| [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]
| Tennessee
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|May 30, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Senator Carmack was an opponent of [[Ida B. Wells]] and encouraged retaliation for her support of the civil rights movement.
|<ref>Tamburin, Adam, Allison, Natalie. [https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2020/05/30/george-floyd-death-nashville-tennessee-protest-may-john-cooper/5286837002/ Protests in downtown Nashville: Arrests made for those out after curfew]. ''[[The Tennessean]]''. May 30, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Rizzo|[[Statue of Frank Rizzo|Statue]] of [[Frank Rizzo]]}}
|
| [[Philadelphia]]
| Pennsylvania
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 3, 2020}}
| Removed by city. Mural of Rizzo painted over (see below, under [[#Other artworks|Other artworks]]).
| At about 2 am, the statue of Philadelphia police chief and mayor [[Frank Rizzo]] was removed.
| <ref>{{cite journal|first=Jake|last=Blumgart|date=October 22, 2015|journal=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|title=The Brutal Legacy of Frank Rizzo, the Most Notorious Cop in Philadelphia History|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/remembering-frank-rizzo-the-most-notorious-cop-in-philadelphia-history-1022/|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604010729/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kwxp3m/remembering-frank-rizzo-the-most-notorious-cop-in-philadelphia-history-1022|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Philadelphia Tears Down Statue of Racist Ex-Police Chief, Mayor Frank Rizzo|first=Jamie|last=Ross|newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=June 3, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2020 |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/frank-rizzo-statue-pulled-down-by-philadelphia-authorities?via=newsletter&source=CSAMedition}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=John |title=City decides to remove Rizzo statue |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/news/city-decides-to-remove-rizzo-statue/article_63857efc-6d97-5297-affe-20dfaead7b11.html |work=Philadelphia Tribune |date=November 5, 2017 |access-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615143206/https://www.phillytrib.com/news/city-decides-to-remove-rizzo-statue/article_63857efc-6d97-5297-affe-20dfaead7b11.html |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[One Riot, One Ranger]]''
| [[File:One Riot, One Ranger 2009.jpg|100px|One Riot, One Ranger]]
| [[Dallas]]
| Texas
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 4, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 4, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Statue model helped prevent black students from enrolling in public schools.
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Texas Ranger Statue Removed At Dallas Love Field |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/texas-ranger-statue-removed-dallas-love-field/ |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=CBS Dallas/Fortworth |date=June 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607065025/https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2020/06/04/texas-ranger-statue-removed-dallas-love-field/ |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Martin |title=Texas Ranger statue removed from Dallas airport |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/501468-texas-ranger-statue-removed-from-texas-airport |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=The Hill |date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607065022/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/501468-texas-ranger-statue-removed-from-texas-airport |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=abc-news-dallas-officials-remove-texas-ranger-statue-love-field>{{Cite news|title=Dallas officials remove Texas Ranger statue from Love Field|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/dallas-officials-remove-texas-ranger-statue-love-field-71078998|date=June 5, 2020|access-date=June 8, 2020|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608143058/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/dallas-officials-remove-texas-ranger-statue-love-field-71078998|archive-date=June 8, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Orville L. Hubbard]]
| [[File:Orville Hubbard.jpg|100px|Statue of Orville Hubbard]]
| [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]]
| Michigan
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 5, 2020}}
|
| Hubbard, the mayor of Dearborn for 35 years, was an outspoken segregationist.
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Statue of Dearborn's longest serving mayor removed |url=https://www.wnem.com/news/statue-of-dearborns-longest-serving-mayor-removed/article_cd48ab8e-a8fc-11ea-847b-9b6c25f4c533.html |work=WNEM Saginaw |agency=Associated Press |date=June 7, 2020 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608123434/https://www.wnem.com/news/statue-of-dearborns-longest-serving-mayor-removed/article_cd48ab8e-a8fc-11ea-847b-9b6c25f4c533.html |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Jerry Richardson]]
|
| [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]
| North Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
| Removed by [[Carolina Panthers]]
| Richardson was alleged to be racist and sexist. The statue was removed from the [[Bank of America Stadium]] for fear it would be destroyed by protesters.
|<ref>Newton, David (June 10, 2020). [https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29293290/panthers-moving-jerry-richardson-statue-stadium-precaution Panthers Move Jerry Richardson Statue from Outside Stadium as Precaution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611034830/https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29293290/panthers-moving-jerry-richardson-statue-stadium-precaution |date=June 11, 2020 }}. ESPN. Retrieved June 11, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Bust of [[Avery Brundage]]
|
| [[San Francisco]]
| California
| 
| 
| Removed by museum
| Brundage was a founding patron of the [[Asian Art Museum (San Francisco)|Asian Art Museum]], Alleged white supremacist and anti-semite as well as 5th [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] president who expelled [[Tommie Smith]] and [[John Carlos]] from the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] for [[1968 Olympics Black Power salute|raising black-gloved fists while on the podium]]. Bust moved from prominent position in foyer of museum to storage.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/asian-art-museum-contends-with-racist-legacy-of-patron-avery-brundage-83266|title=Asian Art Museum Contends with Racist Legacy of Patron Avery Brundage|website=www.artforum.com|date=June 17, 2020 |access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623030441/https://www.artforum.com/news/asian-art-museum-contends-with-racist-legacy-of-patron-avery-brundage-83266|archive-date=June 23, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20200623-racisme-le-buste-d-un-ancien-président-du-cio-retiré-d-un-musée-de-san-francisco|title=Racisme: le buste d'un ancien président du CIO retiré d'un musée de San Francisco|date=June 23, 2020|website=France 24|access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1095570/museum-removes-bust-of-brundage|title=Art museum removes bust of former IOC President Avery Brundage|date=June 22, 2020|website=www.insidethegames.biz|access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Richmond Police Memorial]]
|
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| Removed by city after being vandalized by protesters
| Dedicated to Richmond police officers who lost their lives in the line of duty. Removed from [[Byrd Park]] after repeated vandalization. The mayor's office stated the statue would be restored and reinstalled.
|<ref>Mirshani, Dean & Dennis, Ben (June 11, 2020). [https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/richmond-police-memorial-statue-removed-from-byrd-park-after-being-vandalized/ Richmond Police Memorial Removed from Byrd Park After Being Vandalized] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611222857/https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/richmond-police-memorial-statue-removed-from-byrd-park-after-being-vandalized/ |date=June 11, 2020 }}. ''ABC 8 News''. Retrieved June 12, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Philip Schuyler]]
| [[File:PhilipSchuylerStatue.jpg|100px|Statue of Philip Schuyler]]
| [[Albany, New York|Albany]]
| New York
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by city
| Removal ordered by mayor [[Kathy Sheehan]] due to the fact that Schuyler owned slaves.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheehan orders Albany City Hall's Schuyler statue removed|first=Steve|last=Hughes|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=June 11, 2020|newspaper=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]]|url=https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Sheehan-orders-Schuyler-statue-removed-15333701.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612002037/https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Sheehan-orders-Schuyler-statue-removed-15333701.php|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial]]
|
| [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]]
| Delaware
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Vandalized by protesters, removed by city for restoration
| Statue partially decapitated. The adjacent memorial wall was unaffected.
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hughes|first=Isabel|title=Delaware law enforcement memorial in Dover axed, state flags left nearby 'soaked' in urine|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/06/12/delaware-law-enforcement-memorial-dover-axed-state-flags-left-nearby-soaked-urine/3174278001/|access-date=June 13, 2020|website=The News Journal|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612193805/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2020/06/12/delaware-law-enforcement-memorial-dover-axed-state-flags-left-nearby-soaked-urine/3174278001/|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Equestrian statue of Caesar Rodney]]
| [[File:Caesar Rodney Statue (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]
| Delaware
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Rodney was a slave owner. Removal ordered by mayor Mike Purzycki to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed.
| <ref name=":0" />
}}
{{RM row
| [[Bust of John McDonogh]]
| [[File:Duncan Plaza New Orleans June 2017 25 (cropped).jpg|100px|Bust of John McDonogh in June 2017]]
| [[New Orleans]]
| Louisiana
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 13, 2020}}
| Removed by protesters
| Protesters removed the bust from Duncan Plaza and rolled it into the [[Mississippi River]].
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Calder |first1=Chad |last2=Stole |first2=Bryn |last3=Reckdahl |first3=Katy |title=Watch: New Orleans protesters take down statue of John McDonogh, toss it in Mississippi River |url=https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_f3132588-adc5-11ea-9d07-33279ea39f38.html |work=NOLA.com |date=June 13, 2020 |language=en |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614011203/https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_f3132588-adc5-11ea-9d07-33279ea39f38.html |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''{{sort|Pioneer|[[The Pioneer (Eugene, Oregon)|The Pioneer]]}}''
| [[File:The Pioneer by Alexander Phimister Proctor, 1919 - University of Oregon - Eugene, Oregon - DSC09597.jpg|100px|The Pioneer at its installation in 1919]]
| [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 13, 2020}}
| Toppled and dragged by protesters
| The [[University of Oregon]] placed its two ''Pioneer'' statues in storage on June 14<ref name=UO/>
| <ref name=Emerald06-13>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/breaking-protesters-tear-down-pioneer-statues-after-deady-hall-protest/article_3526f140-adec-11ea-8f06-2bb6cab42c73.html|title=Breaking: Protesters tear down pioneer statues after Deady Hall protest|first=Carrington Powell, Jack|last=Forrest|website=Daily Emerald|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614063236/https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/breaking-protesters-tear-down-pioneer-statues-after-deady-hall-protest/article_3526f140-adec-11ea-8f06-2bb6cab42c73.html|archive-date=June 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''{{sort|Pioneer Mother|[[The Pioneer Mother (Eugene, Oregon)|The Pioneer Mother]]}}''
| [[File:The Pioneer Mother by Alexander Phimister Proctor - Eugene, Oregon - DSC09228.jpg|100px| ]]
| [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 13, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| The [[University of Oregon]] placed its two ''Pioneer'' statues in storage on June 14<ref name=UO>{{Cite web|date=June 13, 2020|title=University statement on Pioneer statues|url=https://around.uoregon.edu/content/university-statement-pioneer-statues|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=Around the O|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614063246/https://around.uoregon.edu/content/university-statement-pioneer-statues|archive-date=June 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref name=Emerald06-13 />
}}
{{RM row
| [[Thomas Jefferson (Bitter)|Statue of Thomas Jefferson]] at [[Jefferson High School (Portland, Oregon)|Jefferson High School]]
| [[File:JeffHighPortland.jpg|100px|Thomas Jefferson statue at Jefferson High School]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 14, 2020}}
| Toppled after Black Lives Matter protest, allegedly by people unassociated with protest
| 1916 bronze replica of [[Thomas Jefferson (Bitter)|1911 statue by Karl Bitter]]
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manning |first=Rob |date=June 14, 2020 |title=Thomas Jefferson Statue Pulled Down At Portland's Jefferson High |work=Oregon Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/thomas-jefferson-statue-pulled-down-portland-jefferson-high/ |access-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615174537/https://www.opb.org/news/article/thomas-jefferson-statue-pulled-down-portland-jefferson-high/ |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Josephus Daniels]]
|
| [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]
| North Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| Removed by Daniels's descendants
|The statue was located near [[The News & Observer]] building, which is scheduled to be demolished. Daniels's family claims to have acted on their own accord rather than on pressure from activists, and will keep the statue in storage until a decision is made on its ultimate fate.
|<ref>[https://abc11.com/josephus-daniels-statue-raleigh-white-supremacist/6249869/ Statue of White Supremacist Josephus Daniels Removed from Raleigh's Nash Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616130958/https://abc11.com/josephus-daniels-statue-raleigh-white-supremacist/6249869/ |date=June 16, 2020 }}. ''ABC 11''. June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Sutter|[[Statue of John Sutter]]}}
| [[File:John Sutter statue.jpg|100px|Statue of John Sutter]]
| [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| Removed by [[Sutter Health]]
|The statue was located in front of [[Sutter General Hospital]]. Sutter was a [[California Gold Rush]] pioneer who enslaved Native Americans.
|<ref>[https://www.kqed.org/news/11824573/statue-of-john-sutter-pioneer-who-enslaved-native-americans-removed-in-sacramento Statue of John Sutter, Pioneer Who Enslaved Native Americans, Removed in Sacramento] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617150817/https://www.kqed.org/news/11824573/statue-of-john-sutter-pioneer-who-enslaved-native-americans-removed-in-sacramento |date=June 17, 2020 }}. Associated Press. June 16, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Clark|[[Captain William Clark Monument|Monument]] to [[William Clark]]}}
| [[File:Breezeicons-actions-22-license.svg|50px]] [[:File:Captain_William_Clark_Monument_in_2018.jpg|See image]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 17, 2020|format=hide}} June 17–18, 2020
| Removed by the [[University of Portland]]
| The university removed the monument "as a precaution".
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koin.com/news/protests/u-portland-removes-statue-of-explorer-william-clark/|title=U-Portland removes statues of explorer Clark, slaves|date=June 18, 2020|access-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621155313/https://www.koin.com/news/protests/u-portland-removes-statue-of-explorer-william-clark/|archive-date=June 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|[[Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)|Statue of George Washington]]
| [[File:Portland, OR - George Washington statue and German-American Society 01 (cropped).jpg|100px|Statue of George Washington]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters. Currently undergoing restoration. Will return to public display in another yet to be determined location.
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/george-washington-statue-toppled-protesters-portland-oregon/|work=[[CBS News]]|date=June 19, 2020|title=George Washington statue toppled by protesters in Portland, Oregon|access-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619103612/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/george-washington-statue-toppled-protesters-portland-oregon/|archive-date=June 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Francis Scott Key (San Francisco)|Statue of Francis Scott Key]]
| [[File:Francis Scott Key Monument San Francisco December 2016 panorama.jpg|100px|Statue of Francis Scott Key]]
| [[San Francisco]]
| California
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park.
| <ref name="GoldenGatePark" />
}}
{{RM row
| [[Bust of Ulysses S. Grant (San Francisco)|Bust of Ulysses S. Grant]]
| [[File:Ulysses S. Grant by Rupert Schmid - Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA - DSC05324.JPG|100px|Bust of Ulysses S. Grant]]
| [[San Francisco]]
| California
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park.
| <ref name="GoldenGatePark" />
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Calvin Griffith]]
|
| [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]]
| Minnesota
| {{sdash}}
|
| Removed by [[Minnesota Twins]]
| Griffith was the former owner of the [[Minnesota Twins]]; the statue was removed due to racist statements made by Griffith in 1978 suggesting he moved the team to Minnesota due to the low number of African-American residents.
| <ref name="griffith">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minnesota-twins-remove-calvin-griffith-statue-racist-comments/|title=Minnesota Twins remove statue of former owner Calvin Griffith over racist comments|work=CBS News|date=June 19, 2020 |access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620062000/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minnesota-twins-remove-calvin-griffith-statue-racist-comments/|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to [[George Preston Marshall]]
|
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| District of Columbia
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Removed by [[Events DC]]
| Removed from [[Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium]]. [[Washington Redskins]]' [[front office]] was not consulted.
| <ref name="marshall.post">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/06/19/segregationist-george-preston-marshalls-monument-removed-rfk-grounds/|title=Segregationist George Preston Marshall's monument removed from RFK grounds|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620130336/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/06/19/segregationist-george-preston-marshalls-monument-removed-rfk-grounds/|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="marshall.eventsdc">{{Cite web|url=https://eventsdc.com/NewsRoom/PressReleases/Events-DC-Statement.aspx|title=EventsDC – Events DC Statement: George Preston Marshall Memorial Statue Removal|access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-date=June 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626151634/http://eventsdc.com/NewsRoom/PressReleases/Events-DC-Statement.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="marshall.theeventsdc">{{Cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/TheEventsDC/status/1273992262150770694|title=Twitter|via=Twitter}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/nfl/2020/06/19/george-preston-marshall-statue-removed-rfk-stadium|title=George Preston Marshall Statue Removed From RFK Stadium|first=Ben|last=Pickman|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=June 19, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621150851/https://www.si.com/nfl/2020/06/19/george-preston-marshall-statue-removed-rfk-stadium|archive-date=June 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Thomas Jefferson (Decatur, Georgia)|Statue of Thomas Jefferson]]
|
| [[Decatur, Georgia|Decatur]]
| Georgia
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| The statue was previously located in front of the old city courthouse. A city official claimed the statue was removed to protect it from damage.
| <ref>Whisenhunt, Dan (June 22, 2020). [https://decaturish.com/2020/06/thomas-jefferson-statue-removed-from-downtown-decatur/#:~:text=Decatur%2C%20GA%20%E2%80%94%20A%20statue%20of%20Thomas%20Jefferson,private%20individual%20and%20was%20removed%20at%20their%20request. Thomas Jefferson statue removed from downtown Decatur]. ''Decaturish.com''. Retrieved July 10, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|''[[Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)|Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt]]''
| [[File: Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall entrance (detail).jpg|100px|Theodore Roosevelt on horseback accompanied by two men on foot]]
| [[New York City]]
| New York
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 20, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|January 19, 2022}}
| Removed by the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, moving from city-owned land to the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library Foundation
| Theodore Roosevelt on horseback accompanied by walking figures of two men, one a Native American and one African; in front of the [[American Museum of Natural History]].
| <ref>{{cite news | work = The New York Times | access-date = June 21, 2020 | date = June 21, 2020 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/arts/design/roosevelt-statue-to-be-removed-from-museum-of-natural-history.html | first = Robin | last = Pogrebin | title = Roosevelt Statue to Be Removed From Museum of Natural History | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200621231116/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/arts/design/roosevelt-statue-to-be-removed-from-museum-of-natural-history.html | archive-date = June 21, 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news | work= The New York Times | access-date= June 21, 2020 | date= January 12, 2018 | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/arts/design/statues-monuments-deblasio-commission.html | title= Half-Measures Won't Erase the Painful Past of Our Monuments | first= Holland | last= Cotter | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200622013208/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/12/arts/design/statues-monuments-deblasio-commission.html | archive-date= June 22, 2020 | url-status= live }}</ref>
<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2022/01/20/1074394869/roosevelt-statue-removed-natural-history-museum New York City's natural history museum has removed a Theodore Roosevelt statue]</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| ''Forward''
| [[File:Forward – Wisconsin Women's Memorial of the Columbian Exposition.jpg|100px|Forward sculpture]]
| [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]]
| Wisconsin
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020}}
| Removed by protesters. Later restored.
| "Forward" is the motto of the state of Wisconsin. A 1998 bronze replica of a commissioned 1893 work of the Wisconsin female artist [[Jean Pond Miner]]. Repaired and restored to its original site on 21 September 2021.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbc15.com/2020/06/24/protesters-topple-forward-statue-and-heg-statue/|title=Protesters topple Forward statue and Heg statue|first1=Nick|last1=Viviani|first2=Allie|last2=Purser|website=NBC News 15|date=June 24, 2020 |access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Restoration">{{Cite news
|date=September 21, 2021
|title=Workers reinstall Wisconsin statues downed in 2020 protest
|url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-wisconsin-health-race-and-ethnicity-madison-bd08ce196035066aec2be0abd5f63389
|access-date=November 1, 2022
|work=AP NEWS
|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
|[[John C. Calhoun Monument]]
| [[File:Charleston marion square3.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]]
| South Carolina
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 22, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Calhoun was a leading advocate of slavery. The statue may be placed back on display at "an appropriate site" such as a museum.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Crowds watch slavery advocate's statue removal|publisher=PA Media|first=Meg|last=Kinnard|date=June 24, 2020|url= https://news.yahoo.com/crowds-watch-slavery-advocate-statue-073419934.html}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Thomas Jefferson (Hempstead, New York)|Statue of Thomas Jefferson]]
| [[File:Hofstra University, Jefferson statue (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]
| New York
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020}}
| Moved by university
| Statue at [[Hofstra University]] moved from student center main entrance to [[Hofstra University Museum|university museum]].
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Thomas Jefferson statue at Hofstra relocated to college museum|newspaper=[[Newsday]]|date=June 23, 2020|url= https://www.newsday.com/long-island/education/thomas-jefferson-statue-hofstra-1.46045690}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Hans Christian Heg]]
| [[File:Hans Christian Heg memorial - Madison, WI - DSC02749.JPG|100px|Statue of Hans Christian Heg]]
| [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]]
| Wisconsin
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020}}
| Removed by protesters. Later restored.
| [[Hans Christian Heg|Heg]] was a Union Army colonel in the Civil War, and an [[abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]]. His statue was decapitated and thrown into a lake by protesters. Two protesters interviewed by the media alleged that toppling the statue was to draw attention to their view of Wisconsin as being racially unjust. The statue was repaired and restored to its original location on September 21, 2021.
| <ref>Beck, Molly; Andrea, Lawrence. "[https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/06/24/madison-protesters-pull-down-forward-hans-christian-heg-statues-attack-senator-sculptures-in-lake/3247948001/ Madison protesters tear down Capitol statues, attack state Senator from Milwaukee as fury erupts again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624055231/https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/06/24/madison-protesters-pull-down-forward-hans-christian-heg-statues-attack-senator-sculptures-in-lake/3247948001/ |date=June 24, 2020 }}", ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]''. June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.</ref> <ref name=Meyerhofer>{{cite news
|first=Kelly
|last=Meyerhofer
|newspaper=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]
|title='Strategic' or 'misguided'? Toppling of statues sparks latest debate on Madison protests
|url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/strategic-or-misguided-toppling-of-statues-sparks-latest-debate-on-madison-protests/article_c162791f-df91-5e33-b398-96b96d7bbee4.html
|date=June 25, 2020
|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Targeted sculptures linked to Wisconsin, Civil War history|newspaper=[[Associated Press]]|first=Kathleen|last=Foody|date=June 24, 2020|url=https://news.yahoo.com/targeted-sculptures-linked-wisconsin-civil-213640552.html}}</ref>
<ref name="Restoration"/>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Emancipation Memorial]] (replica)
| [[File:Emancipation Memorial (Boston) by Thomas Ball - IMG 8949-1.JPG|100px]]
| [[Boston]]
| Massachusetts
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 30, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|December 29, 2020}}
|
|
| <ref>{{cite news| title= Boston to remove statue depicting freed slave kneeling before President Lincoln|first=Taylor|last=Romine|newspaper=[[CNN]]|date=July 1, 2020|url= https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/us/boston-statue-removed-trnd/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gstalter |first1=Morgan |title=Boston removes statue of slave kneeling before Lincoln |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/531970-boston-removes-statue-of-slave-kneeling-before-lincoln |access-date=December 29, 2020 |work=The Hill |date=December 29, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| ''[[Thompson Elk Fountain]]''
| [[File:PortlandElkStatue (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 1, 2020}}
| Statue removed by city after fires set by protesters seriously damaged its base. Base has been mostly dismantled. Base restored and statue re-installed in April 2026.
|Restored and returned to public display.| <ref>{{cite news|title=Iconic, 120-year-old Portland elk statue removed after fire set during protest|newspaper=[[KTVZ]]
|date=July 2, 2020
|url=https://ktvz.com/news/oregon-northwest/2020/07/02/iconic-120-year-old-portland-elk-statue-removed-after-fire-set-during-protest/|access-date=July 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703111049/https://ktvz.com/news/oregon-northwest/2020/07/02/iconic-120-year-old-portland-elk-statue-removed-after-fire-set-during-protest/|archive-date=July 3, 2020
|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/07/iconic-portland-elk-statue-removed-from-downtown-after-fire-set-during-protest.html
|title=Iconic Portland elk statue removed from downtown after fire set during protest
|date=July 2, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/07/iconic-portland-elk-statue-removed-from-downtown-after-fire-set-during-protest.html
|title=Iconic Portland elk statue removed from downtown after fire set during protest
|date=July 2, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]
|first=Luzzy
|last=Acker
|access-date=July 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703093334/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/07/iconic-portland-elk-statue-removed-from-downtown-after-fire-set-during-protest.html
|archive-date=July 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=What's happening with the City’s monuments?
|first=
|last=
|date=
|newspaper=City of Portland
|url=https://www.portland.gov/arts/monuments/whats-happening-citys-monuments}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| [[Statue of George Whitefield]]
| [[File:U Penn Statue (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Philadelphia]]
| Pennsylvania
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 2, 2020}}
|
|
| Whitefield was a supporter of slavery.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Penn tearing down statue of slavery advocate George Whitefield|first=Alice|last=Miller|date=July 3, 2020|newspaper=Philly Voice|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/george-whitefield-statue-removed-university-of-pennsylvania-slavery-slave-owner/|access-date=July 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703212828/https://www.phillyvoice.com/george-whitefield-statue-removed-university-of-pennsylvania-slavery-slave-owner/|archive-date=July 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Frederick Douglass (Rochester, New York)|Statue of Frederick Douglass]]
| 
| [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]]
| New York
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 5, 2020}}
| Torn down by unknown perpetrators. Later restored.
|[[Maplewood Park]] is a site along the [[Underground Railroad]] where Douglass and [[Harriet Tubman]] helped shuttle slaves to freedom. Removal occurred on the anniversary of Douglass's famous 1852 "[[What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?]]" speech in Rochester.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2020/07/05/frederick-douglass-statue-rochester-ny-removed-defaced-anniversary-july-4th-speech/5380432002/|title=Frederick Douglass statue vandalized on anniversary of his famous Fourth of July Rochester speech|first=Gary Craig and Ryan|last=Miller|website=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Frederick Douglass statue removed at Rochester park|newspaper=Fox 2 Now|date=July 5, 2020|url=https://fox2now.com/news/frederick-douglass-statue-removed-at-rochester-park/|access-date=July 5, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705221653/https://fox2now.com/news/frederick-douglass-statue-removed-at-rochester-park/|archive-date=July 5, 2020}}</ref> <ref name=whyfrederickdouglas>{{Cite magazine|magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/5863108/frederick-douglass-statue-torn-down/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706205355/https://time.com/5863108/frederick-douglass-statue-torn-down/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |title=Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down and Vandalized in Rochester, N.Y. |access-date=July 5, 2020 |date=July 5, 2020 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Andrew Jackson (Jackson, Mississippi)|Statue of Andrew Jackson]]
| [[File:City hall in Jackson, Mississippi.jpg|100px]]
| [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]]
| Mississippi
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 7, 2020}}
|
| City Council voted to remove statue in front of City Hall.
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Jackson City Council votes to remove Andrew Jackson statue
|first=Justin
|last=Vicory
|newspaper=[[Clarion Ledger]]
|date=July 7, 2020
|url= https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2020/07/07/andrew-jackson-statue-mississippi-to-be-removed/5394536002/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Thomas Ruffin]]
|
| [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]
| North Carolina
| Not announced
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 13, 2020}}
| Was in front of North Carolina Court of Appeals. Removed by Court.
| [[Thomas Ruffin|Ruffin]], a Chief Justice, was a slaveowner and author of pro-slavery rulings.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=NC Court removing statue of controversial judge, slave owner in downtown Raleigh
|first=Julian
|last=Shen-Berro
|date=July 13, 2020
|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/article244185702.html
|newspaper=[[News & Observer]]}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| [[Statue of Hiawatha]]
| [[File:Chief Hiawatha statue - panoramio.jpg|100px]]
| [[LaCrosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]]
| Wisconsin
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 13, 2020}}
|
| Mayor has asked for its removal following request of sculptor's family.
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=La Crosse Mayor requesting removal of Hiawatha Statue from Riverside Park
|first=Deb
|last=Brazil
|newspaper=[[WKBT]] (news8000.com)
|url=https://www.news8000.com/la-crosse-mayor-requesting-removal-if-hiawatha-statue-from-riverside-park/
|date=July 13, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of Jesus Christ
|
| [[Miami]]
| Florida
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 15, 2020}} (discovered)
| Decapitated and knocked off a pedestal.
| At Good Shepherd Catholic Church.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title= Florida church's statue of Jesus beheaded, similar attacks occur across U.S.
|first=Caleb
|last=Park
|newspaper=[[WTVT]] (fox13news.com)
|date=July 16, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Statue of the Virgin Mary
|
| [[Chattanooga]]
| Tennessee
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 15, 2020}} (discovered)
| Statue was torn down and decapitated; head stolen.
| The motive for the destruction is unknown. Local police stated that the toppling is a possible hate crime.
| <ref>{{cite news
| title=Virgin Mary statue found beheaded at church in Chattanooga
| first=David
|last=Sikes
|newspaper=[[WVLT-TV|WVLT]]
| url=https://www.wvlt.tv/2020/07/16/virgin-mary-statue-found-beheaded-at-church-in-chattanooga/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Monument to the [[77th New York Volunteer Infantry]] (Union Army unit)
| [[File:Civil War monument, Congress Park, Saratoga Springs NY.jpg|100px]]
| [[Saratoga Springs]]
| New York
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 16, 2020}} (discovered)
| Statue was torn off pedestal and destroyed.
|The motive and perpetrator behind the destruction are both unknown. The statue was located in a park where many other monuments have historically been vandalized.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Statue commemorating Union soldiers, found destroyed
|date=July 16, 2020
|newspaper=[[WRGB]]
|url=https://cbs6albany.com/news/local/statue-commemorating-union-soldiers-that-fought-to-end-slavery-found-destroyed}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Civil War soldier statue toppled, broken apart in Congress Park
|first1=Wendy
|last1=Liberatore
|first2=Rebecca
|last2=Carballo
|date=July 16, 2020
|newspaper=[[Albany Times-Union]]
|url=https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Civil-War-soldier-statue-toppled-broken-apart-in-15412758.php}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Bust of [[Roger B. Taney]]
|
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| [[District of Columbia]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 22, 2020}}
|
| Voted by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| The bust of [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] Taney, outside the [[Old Supreme Court Chamber]], will be replaced with a bust of [[Thurgood Marshall]], the first Black Supreme Court Justice. Taney wrote the majority opinion in ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]'', stating that African Americans were not citizens and had no rights.
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Sonmez |first1=Felicia |last2=Cassata |first2=Donna |title=House votes to remove Confederate statues from Capitol and replace bust of chief justice who wrote Dred Scott decision |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/house-to-vote-on-removing-confederate-statues-from-the-capitol-and-replacing-bust-of-segregationist-chief-justice/2020/07/22/72873a50-cba0-11ea-b0e3-d55bda07d66a_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=July 22, 2020 |language=en |date=July 22, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Francis Drake|Statue of [[Francis Drake]]}}<hr>Dennis Patton, 1990
| [[File:Sir Francis Drake sculpture, Larkspur, CA (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Larkspur, California|Larkspur]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 29, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 29, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| The statue was removed by the city authorities, some of whom cited safety concerns. The statue became a target for vandalism because of [[Francis Drake|Sir Francis Drake]]'s association with [[colonialism]], the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]], and [[piracy]].
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/opinion/drakes-cross-white-supremacy.html/|title=This Monument to White Supremacy Hides in Plain Sight|first=Richard|last=White|work=The New York Times|date=June 23, 2020 |location=New York, NY|access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book |last=White|first=Richard|author-link=Richard White (historian)|date=2020|title=California Exposures|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|pages=1–31|isbn=978-0-393-24306-2|oclc=1102467481}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marinij.com/2020/07/29/sir-francis-drake-sculpture-removed-amid-safety-concerns/|title=Drake sculpture, school signs removed ahead of protest |first=Lorenzo|last=Morotti|work=Marin Independent Journal|location=San Rafael, CA|access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7news.com/society/movement-underway-to-erase-sir-francis-drake-from-marin-county/6241631/|title=Movement underway to erase Sir Francis Drake namesake, sculpture from Marin County|first=Wayne|last=Freedman|publisher=[[KABC-TV|ABC 7 News]]|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=May 11, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Louis XVI|[[Statue of Louis XVI]]}}<hr>[[Achille Valois]], 1829
| [[File:Louis XVI JCC statue (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]
| Kentucky
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|September 3, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| Citing protest-related vandalism damage and possible protester injuries during further vandalism attempts, officials decided to store the statue indefinitely. Mayor [[Greg Fischer]] said that it may be repaired and placed back on display.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://eu.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/12/26/king-louis-xvi-statue-louisville/870206001/|title=Everything to know about Louisville's most famous regift: The King Louis XVI statue|first=Matthew|last=Glowicki|newspaper=Louisville Courier Journal|date=September 3, 2020|orig-year=first published in December 2017|access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wave3.com/2020/09/03/king-louis-xvi-statue-removed-due-safety-concerns/|title=King Louis XVI statue removed due to 'safety concerns'|website=Wave 3 News|first=Sarah|last=Jackson|date=September 3, 2020|access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Statue of Harvey W. Scott|Statue]] of [[Harvey W. Scott]]<hr/>{{small|[[Gutzon Borglum]], 1933}}
| [[File:Mount Tabor Park, Portland, Oregon (2012) - 23.JPG|100px]]
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Oregon
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 20, 2020}}
| Toppled by protestors
| The statue was located on [[Mount Tabor (Oregon)|Mount Tabor]], and was replaced by the [[bust of York]], which was created by [[Todd McGrain]] and installed without authorization by the City of Portland. The bust was also toppled and later removed.<ref name=Foden>{{Cite news
|date=July 28, 2021
|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2021/07/28/portland-york-art-mt-tabor-racism/
|first=Kristian
|last=Foden-Vencil
|title=Bust of York toppled in Portland's Mount Tabor Park
|newspaper=[[Oregon Public Broadcasting]]
|access-date=July 29, 2021
|archive-date=August 19, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819141201/https://www.opb.org/article/2021/07/28/portland-york-art-mt-tabor-racism/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/harvey-scott-statue-atop-mount-tabor-torn-down.html|date=October 20, 2020|title=Portland statue of Harvey Scott toppled|access-date=February 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020503/https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/10/harvey-scott-statue-atop-mount-tabor-torn-down.html|archive-date=November 1, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|O'Donnell|[[Statue of John O'Donnell]]}}<hr/>{{small|Tylden Streett, 1980}}
| [[File:Statue of John O'Donnell.jpg|100px]]
| [[Canton, Baltimore|Canton]], [[Baltimore]]
| [[Maryland]]
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|April 5, 2021}}
| Removed to an undisclosed location
| O'Donnell founded Canton in 1786 as a [[slave plantation]].
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/news/john-odonnell-statue-baltimore|title=Statue of Irish-born slave owner taken down in Baltimore, Maryland|first=Kerry|last=O'Shea|date=April 7, 2021|website=Irish Central|access-date=February 5, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=184475|title=Captain John O'Donnell|website=HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database|access-date=February 5, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Lewis and Clark, Charlottesville|[[Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (sculpture)|Memorial]] to [[Meriwether Lewis]] and [[William Clark]]}}<hr />{{small|[[Charles Keck]], 1919}}
| [[File:3106 Lewis and Clark with Sacagawea (2709839315).jpg|100px]]
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]
| Virginia
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2021}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 10, 2021}}
| Removed by city
| The sculpture shows [[Sacagawea]] in a submissive pose. The decision to remove the monument was made in an emergency meeting of [[Charlottesville City Council]], when the contracting company which had removed two Confederate statues earlier that day offered to remove this monument at no extra cost.
| <ref name="WaPo 2021-07-11"/> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS%2076006586|title=Lewis and Clark, (sculpture).|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/07/10/1014959484/after-removing-two-statues-charlottesville-officials-vote-to-take-down-a-third|title=After Removing Two Statues, Charlottesville Officials Vote To Take Down A Third|first=Dave|last=Mistich|publisher=NPR|date=July 10, 2021|access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Clark, George Rogers, Charlottesville, Virginia|[[George Rogers Clark Monument|Monument]] to [[George Rogers Clark]]}}<hr />{{small|[[Robert Ingersoll Aitken]], 1921}}
| [[File:George Rogers Clark Monument 01 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]]
| Virginia
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 11, 2021}}
| Removed by the [[University of Virginia]]
| Removed to storage a day after the dismantling of three other monuments in Charlottesville. The university will work with a committee to decide on a new site.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&menu=search&index=.NW&term=IAS%20VA000016|title=George Rogers Clark, (sculpture).|work=Art Inventories Catalog|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=August 15, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbs19news.com/story/44278933/uva-to-remove-george-rogers-clark-statue|title=UPDATE: George Rogers Clark statue removed|date=July 12, 2021|access-date=August 15, 2021|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815074045/https://www.cbs19news.com/story/44278933/uva-to-remove-george-rogers-clark-statue|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| {{sort|Whitman|Statue of [[Walt Whitman]]}}
|
| [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 12, 2021}}
|
|
| The statue of the poet, prominently located in the Campus Center courtyard at [[Rutgers University–Camden]], will be removed to another site on campus.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/walt-whitman-statue-relocated-college-campus-citing-controversial-racist-past-1608947|title=Walt Whitman Statue to Be Relocated on College Campus, Citing Controversial Racist Past|first=Carly|last=Mayberry|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=July 12, 2021|access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|r=y
| [[Statue of Pete Wilson]]<hr />{{small|2007}}
|
| [[San Diego]]
| California
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 15, 2021}}
| Temporarily removed by Horton Walk, the nonprofit that owns the statue
| Activists for racial justice and gay rights held a press conference in front of the statue on Broadway Circle at [[Horton Plaza Park]] on October 12, 2020, "in the wake of nationwide demands for the removal of statues of confederate generals and people who owned slaves". The statue was removed on October 15 due to "safety concerns". The president of the nonprofit that owns the statue later issued a statement that the statue was reinstated on November 30 and that it was a "symbol of all that is great about San Diego". Wilson has been widely criticized for signing [[Proposition 187]] and the [[Three Strikes Law]].
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garrick |first=David |date=2020-10-12 |title=Social justice advocates want Gov. Pete Wilson statue removed from downtown |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/story/2020-10-12/social-justice-advocates-want-gov-pete-wilson-statue-removed-from-downtown |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LOPEZ-VILLAFAÑA |first=Andrea |date=2020-10-15 |title=Gov. Pete Wilson statue gone from San Diego's downtown after advocates call for removal |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/san-diego/story/2020-10-15/gov-pete-wilson-statue-gone-from-downtown-after-calls-from-advocates-for-its-removal |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez-Villafana |first=Andrea |date=2020-12-03 |title=Statue of Gov. Pete Wilson returned to downtown San Diego |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/san-diego/story/2020-12-02/statue-of-gov-pete-wilson-returned-to-downtown-san-diego |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Jefferson|[[Statue of Thomas Jefferson (David d'Angers)#New York City version|Statue]] of [[Thomas Jefferson]]}}<hr>{{small|[[David d'Angers|Pierre-Jean David d'Angers]], 1834}}
|
| [[New York City]]
| New York
| {{dts|abbr=on|October 19, 2021}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|November 22, 2021}}
| Removed to the [[New-York Historical Society]]
| On October 18, the city's [[New York City Public Design Commission|Public Design Commission]] voted unanimously to remove the statue in the [[New York City Council]] chamber.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/thomas-jefferson-statue-be-removed-new-york-city-council-chamber-2021-10-19/|title=Thomas Jefferson statue to be removed from New York City Council chamber|first=Brendan|last=O'Brien|date=October 19, 2021|publisher=[[Reuters]]|access-date=February 12, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2021/11/22/thomas-jefferson-statue-removed-from-new-york-city-council-chamber/|title=Thomas Jefferson Statue Removed From NYC Council Chamber; Next Stop: New York Historical Society|website=CBS New York|date=November 22, 2021|access-date=February 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row|p=y
| {{sort|Fallon|Monument to [[Thomas Fallon]]}}<hr>{{small|Robert Glen, 1990}}
| [[File:Thomas Fallon Statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]
| California
| {{dts|abbr=on|November 10, 2021}}
|
|
| [[San Jose City Council]] voted unanimously on November 9 to remove the monument.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=81726|title=Captain Thomas Fallon|website=HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database|access-date=February 6, 2022}}</ref> 
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7news.com/thomas-fallon-statue-san-jose-being-removed-city-council/11218214/|title=After decades of public protest, SJ votes to remove controversial Thomas Fallon statue|first=Amanda|last=del Castillo|date=November 10, 2021|website=ABC7 News|access-date=February 6, 2022}}</ref>
}}
|}

* Nazi POW Gravestones. [[San Antonio]], Texas. Announced June 1. Removed December 23. Removed by [[Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery]] employees. Source.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 23, 2020|title=Headstones bearing Nazi swastikas were removed Wednesday from Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery|url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Nazi-headstones-removed-at-Fort-Sam-15824562.php|access-date=December 27, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests}}

====Atlantic slave trade====
{{See also|List of public statues of individuals linked to the Atlantic slave trade}}

The [[Royal African Company]], which engaged in [[Atlantic slave trade|African slave trading]] between 1662 and 1731,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.slavevoyages.org/voyage/|title=Voyages Database|website=slavevoyages.org|language=en|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205030903/http://slavevoyages.org/voyage/|archive-date=February 5, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> enslaved and shipped more Africans to the [[Americas]] than any other institution in the history of the Atlantic slave trade.<ref name="Jesus">{{cite report|title=Jesus College Legacy of Slavery Working Party Interim Report (July–October 2019)|pages=9–10|author=Jesus College Cambridge Legacy of Slavery Working Party|date=November 25, 2019|url=https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/file/9193/download?token=9lanYVpy|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205151828/https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/file/9193/download?token=9lanYVpy|archive-date=February 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Colston|[[Statue of Edward Colston]]}}<hr>[[John Cassidy (artist)|John Cassidy]], 1895
| [[File:Statue Of Edward Colston.jpg|100px|Statue of Edward Colston]]
| [[Bristol]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 7, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| The statue of [[Edward Colston]], a slave trader, was toppled and thrown into [[Bristol Harbour]] by protesters. The statue was fished out, but the city council did not reinstall it, waiting for a democratic decision from the people of Bristol on what to do with it. On July 15, it was briefly replaced by [[Marc Quinn]]'s ''[[A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020]]'', a sculpture of a protester who had been photographed standing on the vacant plinth with her fist raised; the council removed this work the next day. In June 2021, the defaced statue was put on display at the city's [[M Shed]] museum.
| <ref>{{NHLE|num=1202137|desc=Statue of Edward Colston|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |title=BLM protesters topple statue of Bristol slave trader Edward Colston |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/blm-protesters-topple-statue-of-bristol-slave-trader-edward-colston/ar-BB159ZRo |website=The Guardian |access-date=June 7, 2020 |date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607170052/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/blm-protesters-topple-statue-of-bristol-slave-trader-edward-colston/ar-BB159ZRo |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/16/black-lives-matter-sculpture-of-jen-reid-removed-colston--bristol|title=Black Lives Matter sculpture of Jen Reid removed from Colston plinth|first=Archie|last=Bland|newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 16, 2020|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=McGreevy|first=Nora|title=Toppled Statue of British Slave Trader Goes on View at Bristol Museum|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/protesters-throw-slavers-statue-bristol-harbor-make-waves-across-britain-180975060/|access-date=June 8, 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Milligan|[[Statue of Robert Milligan]]}}<hr>[[Richard Westmacott]], 1813
| [[File:Standbeeld Robert Milligan Museum of London Docklands.JPG|100px|Statue of Robert Milligan]]
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| Removed by local authorities
| Statue of [[Robert Milligan (merchant)|Robert Milligan]], a Scottish merchant and slave trader, outside the [[Museum of London Docklands]]. It was removed following a request from the [[Canal & River Trust]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=69601&sos=2|title=Robert Milligan|website=VADS|access-date=August 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|first=Rachael|last=Burford|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/statue-18th-century-slaver-robert-milligan-in-east-london-to-be-removed-as-soon-as-possible-a4464341.html|title=Statue of 18th century slaver in east London removed after protests|date=June 9, 2020|website=London Evening Standard|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609190315/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/statue-18th-century-slaver-robert-milligan-in-east-london-to-be-removed-as-soon-as-possible-a4464341.html|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Cass|[[Statue of John Cass|Statue of Sir John Cass]]}}
|
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| Removed by owner
| Statue of [[Sir John Cass]] at the [[University of East London Stratford Campus]].
| <ref name="King 6/12">{{citation|url=https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/sir-john-cass-tower-hamlets-1-6696417|title=Calls to remove slave trader Sir John Cass's name from East End|first=Jon|last=King|date=June 12, 2020|newspaper=The Docklands & East London Advertiser|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616074430/https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/sir-john-cass-tower-hamlets-1-6696417|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.yellowad.co.uk/east-london-schools-to-review-names-and-monuments-in-the-wake-of-blacklivesmatter-protests|title=East London schools to review names and monuments in the wake of #BlackLivesMatter protests|first=Rachael|last=Burford|newspaper=Yellow Advertiser|date=June 13, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns |p=y
| {{sort|Clayton|[[Statue of Robert Clayton|Statue of Sir Robert Clayton]]}}<hr>[[Grinling Gibbons]], 1714
| [[File:Sir Robert Clayton statue.jpg|100px|Statue of Sir Robert Clayton]]
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by owner
| Statue of [[Robert Clayton (City of London MP)|Sir Robert Clayton]] at [[St Thomas' Hospital]]. On June 11 the [[Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust]], the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and [[King's College London]] issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Clayton and Thomas Guy would be removed from public view.
| <ref>{{NHLE|num=1319925|desc=Statue of Robert Clayton at north entrance to ward block of north wing at St Thomas' Hospital|access-date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Roach 2020">{{citation|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/guys-st-thomas-hospital-remove-statue-slave-trade-a4466846.html|title=Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital to remove two statues linked to slave trade|first=April|last=Roach|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612082041/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/guys-st-thomas-hospital-remove-statue-slave-trade-a4466846.html|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns |p=y
| {{sort|Guy|[[Statue of Thomas Guy]]}}<hr>[[Peter Scheemakers]], 1734
| [[File:Northern Side of the Thomas Guy Statue at Guys Hospital.jpg|100px|Statue of Thomas Guy]]
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by owner
| Statue of [[Thomas Guy]] at [[Guy's Hospital]]. On June 11 the [[Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust]], the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and [[King's College London]] issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Guy and Sir Robert Clayton would be removed from public view.
| <ref>{{NHLE|num=1385879|desc= Statue of Thomas Guy in courtyard of Guy's Hospital, pedestal and railings|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Roach 2020"/>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Cass|Statue of Sir John Cass}}<hr>1998 (After [[Louis-François Roubiliac|{{nowrap|Louis-François}} Roubiliac]], 1751)
| [[File:Statue of Sir John Cass, Jewry Street.jpg|100px|Statue of Sir John Cass]]
| London
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Before July 19, 2020
| Removed by owner
| Statue of [[Sir John Cass]] on the façade of 31 Jewry Street in the [[City of London]], the headquarters of [[Sir John Cass's Foundation]]. This statue is a fiberglass replica of the [[Statue of John Cass|original]].
| <ref name="King 6/12"/> 
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/sir-john-cass-statue-jewry-street|title=Sir John Cass statue – Jewry Street|website=London Remembers|access-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{citation | last = Matthews | first = Peter | year = 2018 | title = London's Statues and Monuments | location = Oxford | publisher = Shire Publications | page = 95}}</ref>
|
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Cass|[[Statue of John Cass|Statue]] and bust of Sir John Cass}}
|
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
|
| Removed by owner
| Statue and bust of [[John Cass|Sir John Cass]] at Sir John Cass Redcoat School, [[Stepney]]. The school's governing body voted unanimously on June 16 for the immediate removal of the sculptures. The school has since changed its name to [[Stepney All Saints School]].
| <ref name="King 6/18">{{citation|url=https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/sir-john-cass-redcoat-school-name-change-1-6705474|title=Sir John Cass's Foundation and Redcoat school in Stepney Green to change its name over slave trader link|first=Jon|last=King|date=June 18, 2020|newspaper=The Docklands & East London Advertiser|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620163618/https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/sir-john-cass-redcoat-school-name-change-1-6705474|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/education/redcoat-school-to-become-stepney-all-saints-1-6799993|title=Sir John Cass Redcoat School announces name change|first=Rachael|last=Burford|date=August 19, 2020|newspaper=The Docklands & East London Advertiser|access-date=September 6, 2020|archive-date=August 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821072933/https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/education/redcoat-school-to-become-stepney-all-saints-1-6799993|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Cass|Bust of Sir John Cass}}
| [[File:St Botolph without Aldgate, Sir John Cass memorial (cropped).jpg|100px|Bust of Sir John Cass]]
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| Removed by church
| Bust of Sir John Cass in [[St Botolph's Aldgate|St Botolph's Church, Aldgate]].
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/john-cass-bust-removal-1-6707538|title=Now St Botolph's Church in Aldgate removes bust of John Cass following George Floyd killing in US|date=June 18, 2020|newspaper=The Docklands & East London Advertiser|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621085703/https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/john-cass-bust-removal-1-6707538|archive-date=June 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite tweet|user=BotolphAldgate|number=1273600593785958401|date=June 18, 2020|title=This morning we removed the bust of John Cass from @botolphaldgate. We apologise for the years spent celebrating the legacy of a man without understanding the origin of his wealth, gained through slavery and human exploitation.}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns |p=y
| {{sort|Picton|Statue of Sir [[Thomas Picton]]}}<hr>[[T. Mewburn Crook]], 1916
| [[File:Statue of Thomas Picton, Cardiff City Hall.jpg|100px]]
| [[Cardiff]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 23, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by owner
| On July 23, [[Cardiff Council]] voted to remove the statue from the gallery of [[Wales|Welsh]] heroes inside [[City Hall, Cardiff|City Hall]], on account of Picton's links to the slave trade, and his authorizing of the torture of a 14-year-old girl while [[List of governors of Trinidad|Governor]] of [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]]. Immediately following the vote, the statue was encased in wooden boards to hide it from view until it could be removed.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=67167&sos=0|title=Statue of Sir Thomas Picton|website=VADS|access-date=August 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Picton Cardiff">{{citation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-53512384#:~:text=The%20statue%20of%20a%20%22brutal,in%20the%20Battle%20of%20Waterloo.|title=Statue of slave owner Thomas Picton to be removed from Cardiff City Hall|website=BBC News|date=July 23, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Picton Cardiff Sky">{{citation|url=https://news.sky.com/story/statue-of-welsh-slave-trader-sir-thomas-picton-boarded-up-in-cardiff-12035408|title=Statue of Welsh slave trader Sir Thomas Picton boarded up in Cardiff|website=Sky News|date=July 24, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Bust of Sir [[Hans Sloane]]<hr>[[John Michael Rysbrack]], 1730s
| [[File:Bust of Sir Hans Sloane (1730s) by Michael Rysbrack, currently housed in the British Museum in London (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[London]]
| Not announced
| {{dts|abbr=on|August 25, 2020}} (newspaper story)
| Relocated by the [[British Museum]]
| Sloane was a slave owner and partly funded his collection, which became the founding collection of the British Museum, from enslaved labour on Jamaican sugar plantations. His bust in the museum's [[King's Library|Enlightenment gallery]] was moved to a display case in the same gallery stressing his connections to colonialism and slavery.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/british-museum-sloane-bust|title=Debate flares as British Museum moves bust of slave-owning founder Hans Sloane|first=Gareth|last=Harris|date=August 25, 2020|newspaper=The Art Newspaper|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://reconstructingsloane.org/the-foundation-of-the-british-museum/|title=The Foundation Of The British Museum|website=Reconstructing Sloane|date=September 2, 2019|access-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=British Museum removes founder's statue over slavery links
|author=[[PA Media]]
|date=August 25, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/aug/25/british-museum-removes-founder-hans-sloane-statue-over-slavery-links
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/british-museum-statue-gbr-scli-intl/index.html|title=British Museum moves bust of founder who had links to slavery|publisher=CNN|first=Lianne|last=Kolirin|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Gordon|Monument to John Gordon}}
| [[File:Monument to John Gordon, St Peter's Church, Dorchester.jpg|100px]]
| [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|September 24, 2020}} 
| {{dts|abbr=on|May 19, 2023}}
| Removed by [[parochial church council]] (PCC) and given to local museum
| Wall monument in [[St Peter's Church, Dorchester|St. Peter's Church]] to John Gordon, who played a role in suppressing [[Tacky's War|Tacky's Revolt]], a [[slave rebellion]] in [[Jamaica]] in 1760. The PCC voted to remove the monument and offer it to a museum. After going through the church planning process, the monument was finally removed on May 19, 2023 and given to Dorset Museum. A replacement monument will bear the details of Gordon's life and death only, with no mention of the uprising.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-54276790|title=John Gordon plaque to be removed from Dorchester church|work=BBC News|date=September 24, 2020|access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/18757120.john-gordon-plaque-covered-st-peters-church/|title=John Gordon plaque covered up at St Peter's Church|first=Bradley|last=White|date=September 30, 2020|newspaper=Dorset Echo|access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-65634021|title=Racist memorial to slaver John Gordon removed from Dorset church|work=BBC News|date=May 19, 2023|access-date=May 19, 2023}}</ref>
}}
|}

====Others====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Green Man|Part of [[Green Man, Ashbourne|Green Man]] [[inn sign]]}}<hr>18th century
| [[File:Green Man & Black Head's Royal Hotel – St John Street, Ashbourne – The Black Head (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Ashbourne, Derbyshire|Ashbourne]], [[Derbyshire]]
| {{circa}} {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.07|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.08|format=mdy}}
| Removed by local residents
| Wooden sculpture of a caricatured "black's head". After a [[Facebook]] petition calling for its removal attracted close to 30,000 signatures, the district council announced that on June 9 it would be removing the sculpture. Before this could happen, it was removed by two local residents on the night of June 8.
| <ref>{{citation|title=How 'racist' bust 'hidden by Tory councillor' divided Derbyshire town|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/12/ashbourne-derbyshire-racist-black-bust-tory-councillor-petition|last=Bland|first=Archie|author-link=Archie Bland|date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 16, 2020|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615160355/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/12/ashbourne-derbyshire-racist-black-bust-tory-councillor-petition|archive-date=June 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-52967561|title=Black man's head pub sign to go in racism row in Ashbourne|work=BBC News|date=June 8, 2020|access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| [[Dunham Massey Hall sundial|Dunham Massey sundial]]<hr>{{abbr|Attr.|Attributed}} to [[Andries Carpentière]], {{circa|1735}}
| [[File:Dunham Massey Sundial.jpg|100px|Dunham Massey sundial]]
| [[Trafford]], [[Greater Manchester]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.11|format=mdy}}
| Removed by the [[National Trust]]
| [[Blackamoor (decorative arts)|Statue of an exoticized black man]] (described as "degrading"), in a kneeling position and carrying a sundial, formerly installed in the forecourt of [[Dunham Massey Hall]].
|<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-53011156 'Degrading' Dunham Massey Hall Statue Removed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614000807/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-53011156 |date=June 14, 2020 }}. BBC. June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=http://altrincham.today/2020/06/11/news/dunham-massey-removes-sundial-statue-national-trust-admits-causes-upset-distress/|title=Dunham Massey removes sundial statue as National Trust admits it causes 'upset and distress'|first=David|last=Prior|website=Altrincham Today|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612211319/http://altrincham.today/2020/06/11/news/dunham-massey-removes-sundial-statue-national-trust-admits-causes-upset-distress/|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/936871|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612211301/http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/936871|archive-date=June 12, 2020|title=Sundial|website=National Trust Collections|publisher=National Trust|access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Elliott and Banford|Headstones of [[G. H. Elliott]] (''pictured'') and Alice Banford}}<hr>1962
| [[File:G H Elliott.JPG|100px]]
| [[Rottingdean]], [[East Sussex]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.16|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.06.15|format=mdy}}
| Removed after authorization by the Chancellor of [[Diocese of Chichester|Chichester Diocese]]
| The gravestones of the [[music hall]] singers, who performed in [[blackface]] and were described on the stones as "The Chocolate Coloured Coon" and "Coon Dancer" respectively, were removed from [[St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean|St Margaret's Churchyard]] to a secure place.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-53065693|title=Rottingdean music hall singers' 'offensive' gravestones removed|website=BBC News|date=June 16, 2020|access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Pet gravestone at [[Coombe Abbey]] Park<hr>1902
|
| [[Borough of Rugby|Rugby]], [[Warwickshire]]
| {{sdash}}
| Before {{dts|abbr=on|2020.07.02|format=mdy}}
| Removed by [[Coventry City Council]]
| In July 2019 a visitor to the park reported the name "[[Nigger]]" inscribed on the gravestone of a pet dog, but no action was taken at the time. After its absence was noticed following the George Floyd protests, the council (which operates the park) confirmed that it had removed the gravestone.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/racist-pet-gravestone-removed-coombe-18529848|newspaper=Coventry Telegraph|title=Racist pet gravestone removed from Coombe Abbey Park|first=Josh|last=Layton|date=July 2, 2020|access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Nigger|Headstone for the dog [[Nigger (dog)|Nigger]]}}<hr>1943
| [[File:RAF Scampton 022.jpg|100px|Headstone for the dog]]
| [[RAF Scampton]], [[Lincolnshire]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.07.16|format=mdy}}
| Removed by the [[Royal Air Force]]
| The headstone for the grave of [[Guy Gibson]]'s dog was replaced, removing any mention of the dog's name.
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Racist name removed from grave of Dambusters' dog |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-53436447 |work=BBC News |date=July 16, 2020|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Lodge |first1=Matthew |title=Headstone of Dambusters hero Guy Gibson's dog replaced |url=https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/local-news/gravestone-replaced-guy-gibson-dog-4333794 |work=Lincolnshire Live |date=July 16, 2020|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| ''[[A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020]]''<hr>[[Marc Quinn]] and Jen Reid, 2020
|
| [[Bristol]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.07.16|format=mdy}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|2020.07.16|format=mdy}}
| Removed by [[Bristol City Council]] because the sculpture had been placed without permission on the plinth of the [[statue of Edward Colston]]
| Black resin sculpture by [[Marc Quinn]] and Jen Reid. It depicts Reid, a young black woman protester, raising her arm in a [[Black Power salute]], reproducing a photo of her on the plinth, taken just after the removal of the previous statue by protesters.
| <ref name="theguardian.com"/>
}}
|}

===Belgium===
{{See also|George Floyd protests in Belgium|List of statues of Leopold II of Belgium}}
King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] personally ruled the [[Congo Free State]] from 1885 to 1908, treating it as his personal property. During this period, [[atrocities in the Congo Free State|many well-documented atrocities were perpetrated against the population]], including the severing of hands of workers unable to meet a production quota for rubber, and the destruction of entire villages that were unwilling to participate in the forced labour regime. These acts contributed to a genocide during this period, [[Atrocities in the Congo Free State#Estimates|often estimated at between five million and ten million]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Leopold|[[Statue of Leopold II of Belgium, Ekeren|Statue of Leopold II]]}}<hr>Joseph Jacques Ducaju, 1873
| [[File:Ekeren (B) - Markt Standbeeld leopold II.jpg|100px|Statue of Leopold II]]
| [[Ekeren]], [[Antwerp]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 9, 2020}}
| Removed by municipality
| Removed after it had been vandalized and set on fire.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middelheimmuseum.be/en/Leopold2|title=Leopold II: 1873–2020|date=June 12, 2020|publisher=Middelheim Museum|access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Gevandaliseerd beeld van Leopold II weggehaald uit dorpskern van Ekeren|publisher=[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]|url=https://www.hln.be/in-de-buurt/ekeren/gevandaliseerd-beeld-van-leopold-ii-weggehaald-uit-dorpskern-van-ekeren~ac4d1066/|date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609120915/https://www.hln.be/in-de-buurt/ekeren/gevandaliseerd-beeld-van-leopold-ii-weggehaald-uit-dorpskern-van-ekeren~ac4d1066/|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Standbeeld Leopold II verwijderd in Ekeren|website=atv.be|url=https://atv.be/nieuws/standbeeld-leopold-ii-voorgoed-verwijderd-in-ekeren-99724|date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609192137/https://atv.be/nieuws/standbeeld-leopold-ii-voorgoed-verwijderd-in-ekeren-99724|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Bust of Leopold II
|
| [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
|
| Removed by university authorities
| Removed from the Faculty of Economics and Management at the [[University of Mons]] following an online petition for its removal. Permanently placed in storage.
| <ref name="bust.mons.times">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/belgium-all-news/116053/university-of-mons-takes-down-leopold-ii-statue/|title=University of Mons takes down Leopold II statue|date=June 10, 2020|first=Gabriela|last=Galindo|website=[[The Brussels Times]]|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620163620/https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/belgium-all-news/116053/university-of-mons-takes-down-leopold-ii-statue/|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bust.mons.rtbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/regions/detail_l-umons-retire-un-buste-de-leopold-ii-suite-a-une-petition?id=10518654|title=L'UMons retire un buste de Léopold II suite à une pétition|date=June 9, 2020|website=RTBF Info|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062915/https://www.rtbf.be/info/regions/detail_l-umons-retire-un-buste-de-leopold-ii-suite-a-une-petition?id=10518654|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Leopold II|Bust of Leopold II}}
| [[File:Leopold II statue Auderghem.JPG|100px]]
| [[Auderghem]], [[Brussels]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020}}
| Toppled during the night
| The bust was pulled down, red paint was splashed on it, and a photograph of [[Patrice Lumumba]], the independent Congo's first prime minister, was placed on the pedestal.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/brussels/116479/leopold-ii-bust-pulled-from-pedestal-in-brussels|title=Leopold II bust pulled from pedestal in Brussels|first=Maïthé|last=Chini|date=June 12, 2020|newspaper=[[The Brussels Times]]|access-date=February 14, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Bust of Leopold II
|
| [[Leuven]]
| {{sdash}}
|
| Removed by university authorities
| Removed from University Library at [[KU Leuven]]. Placed in storage.{{efn|[[Rector (academia)|Rector]] [[Luc Sels]]'s statement on the issue leaves open the possibility of the bust eventually coming out of storage.{{r|bust.leuven.blogt}}}}
| <ref name="bust.leuven.blogt">{{Cite web|url=https://kuleuvenblogt.be/2020/06/12/values-made-visible-ku-leuven-places-bust-of-leopold-ii-in-storage/|title=Values made visible: KU Leuven places bust of Leopold II in storage|first=KU Leuven|last=Blogt|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616150557/https://kuleuvenblogt.be/2020/06/12/values-made-visible-ku-leuven-places-bust-of-leopold-ii-in-storage/|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bust.leuven.today">{{Cite web|url=http://www.flanderstoday.eu/leopold-ii-statues-defaced-and-removed-across-belgium|title=Leopold II statues defaced and removed across Belgium | Flanders Today|website=[[Flanders Today]]|access-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616105431/http://www.flanderstoday.eu/leopold-ii-statues-defaced-and-removed-across-belgium|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| [[Bust of Leopold II of Belgium, Ghent|Bust of Leopold II]]
|
| [[Ghent]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 30, 2020}}
| Removed by crane following a short ceremony 
| Removed from [[King Albert Park, Ghent|Zuidpark]] on the 60th anniversary of [[Belgian Congo#Independence|Congo's independence]], and moved to a warehouse in [[Ghent City Museum|STAM]].
| <ref name="bust.ghent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20200617_04994001|title=Gent haalt beeld Leopold II weg: "Een dergelijk figuur kunnen we niet langer eren"|website=Het Nieuwsblad|date=June 18, 2020 |access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618183203/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20200617_04994001|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/f55831878a4f94691f1b3451a818fddf |title=Belgium takes down statue, king regrets colonial violence |website=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 30, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630194606/https://apnews.com/f55831878a4f94691f1b3451a818fddf |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/505260-bust-of-former-belgian-king-removed-in-ghent |title=Bust of former Belgian king removed in Ghent |date=June 30, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630190142/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/505260-bust-of-former-belgian-king-removed-in-ghent |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
|}

===New Zealand===
{{See also|George Floyd protests in New Zealand}}
[[Royal Navy]] officer [[John Fane Charles Hamilton]], after whom the city of [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] is named, played a prominent part in the [[Tauranga campaign]] of the [[New Zealand Wars]].
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Hamilton|[[Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton]]}}<hr>[[Margriet Windhausen]], 2013
| [[File:Statue of Captain Hamilton, NZ (cropped).png|100px|Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton]]
| [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Removed by city
| City Council announced removal after request by Maori tribal confederation [[Waikato Tainui]].
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Neilson |first1=Michael |title=George Floyd protests: Hamilton City Council to remove controversial statue |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12339287 |website=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=June 11, 2020 |language=en-NZ |date=June 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612021403/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12339287 |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/418833/controversial-statue-of-captain-john-hamilton-has-been-removed |title=Controversial statue of Captain John Hamilton has been removed |website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612081217/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/418833/controversial-statue-of-captain-john-hamilton-has-been-removed |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=October 17, 2014|title=Catalogue showcases city's public art collection|url=https://waikatomuseum.co.nz/about-us/news/archives/article/60/|access-date=July 17, 2020|publisher=Waikato Museum}}</ref>
}}
|}

===South Africa===
Statues that come down in South Africa were preceded by and done in the context of the Rhodes Must Fall movement that resulted in the removal of a statue of Cecil Rhodes at the [[University of Cape Town]].
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| [[Statue of Martinus Theunis Steyn]]<hr>[[Anton van Wouw]], 1929
| [[File:Mt steyn statue.jpg|100px]]
| [[Bloemfontein]]
| Not announced
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 27, 2020}}
|
| The statue, which "dominated" the main campus of the [[University of the Free State]], was moved to the [[Anglo-Boer War Museum]].
| <ref>{{cite news
|title = University of Free State removes statue of Boer Republic president MT Steyn
|first = Riaan
|last = Grobler
|date = June 30, 2020
|url = https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/university-of-free-state-removes-statue-of-boer-republic-president-mt-steyn-20200630
|newspaper = [[News24 (website)|news24.com]]
|access-date = June 30, 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200630181030/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/university-of-free-state-removes-statue-of-boer-republic-president-mt-steyn-20200630
|archive-date = June 30, 2020
|url-status = live
}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=As statues fall globally, the University of the Free State chose a different path
|date=July 9, 2020
|newspaper=[[Daily Maverick]]
|first1=Motsaathebe
|last1=Serekoane
|first2=Francis
|last2=Petersen
|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-07-09-as-statues-fall-globally-the-university-of-the-free-state-chose-a-different-path/}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Bust of Cecil Rhodes, at the [[Rhodes Memorial]]<hr>[[John Macallan Swan]], 1912
| [[File:Rhodes Memorial 02.jpg|100px]]
| [[Cape Town]]
| Not announced
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 13, 2020}} (discovered)
| Removed after being decapitated by protesters.
| The head was repaired and reattached in September 2020.
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Statue of British colonialist Cecil Rhodes decapitated in South Africa
|date=July 15, 2020
|first=Anita
|last=Patrick
|publisher=[[CNN]]
|newspaper=[[WRAL-TV|WRAL]]
|url=https://www.wral.com/statue-of-british-colonialist-cecil-rhodes-decapitated-in-south-africa/19189980/}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |author1=Mike Hutchings |author2=Wendell Roelf |title=Head of Cecil Rhodes gouged off Cape Town monument |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/head-of-cecil-rhodes-gouged-off-cape-town-monument-12932662 |website=CNA |publisher=Channel News Asia |access-date=July 14, 2020 |location=Cape Town |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419193954/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/head-of-cecil-rhodes-gouged-off-cape-town-monument-12932662 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Cecil Rhodes statue in Cape Town has head removed
|newspaper=[[BBC News]]
|date=July 15, 2020
|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53420403}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-07-15-the-day-cecil-john-rhodes-lost-his-head/|title=The day Cecil John Rhodes lost his head|first=Donwald|last=Pressly|date=July 15, 2020|access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title=Rhodes Memorial statue's head reattached, fortified and replica made after vandalism
|date=September 29, 2020
|first=
|last=
|publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]
|newspaper= Independent Online
|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/rhodes-memorial-statues-head-reattached-fortified-and-replica-made-after-vandalism-ffe1a806-c8c0-4231-8353-ccf791c0ff81}}</ref>
}}
|}

===India===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| [[Equestrian statue of Mark Cubbon]]<hr>[[Carlo Marochetti]], 1866
| [[File:Statue of Sir Mark Cubbon.jpg|100px]]
| [[Bangalore]]
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 28, 2020}}
|
| A controversial statue of [[Mark Cubbon (army officer)|Sir Mark Cubbon]], an English colonial administrator, was moved from front of the [[High Court of Karnataka]] building to [[Cubbon Park|Sri Chamarajendra Park]]. See [[Mark Cubbon (army officer)#Death and legacy|Mark Cubbon#Death and legacy]].
|<ref>{{cite news
|newspaper = Bangalore Mirror
|title = Case of controversial statue comes to an end
|url = https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/case-of-controversial-statue-comes-to-an-end/articleshow/76698242.cms
|date = June 30, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=June 29, 2020|title=Sir Mark Cubbon statue moved into park premises|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/sir-mark-cubbon-statue-moved-into-park-premises-854894.html|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title= As imperial figures across the world are brought to a reckoning, a look at statues and their relevance in colonial India
|first=Aishwarya
|last=Sahasrabudhe
|date=July 21, 2020
|newspaper=[[Firstpost]]
|url= https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/as-imperial-figures-across-the-world-are-brought-to-a-reckoning-a-look-at-statues-and-their-relevance-in-colonial-india-8596561.html}}</ref>
}}
|}

===France===
On May 22, 2020, before the murder of George Floyd, two statues of [[Victor Schœlcher]] were torn down in [[Martinique]], an [[Overseas departments and regions of France|overseas department of France]].<ref name="RFI">{{cite news|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20200727-france-colonial-era-statues-torn-down-french-island-martinique-empress-josephine-beauharnais-racism-slavery|title=Anti-racism protesters in Martinique tear down statue of Napoleon's wife|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]|date=July 27, 2020|access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref> Further colonial monuments in the overseas departments were targeted later in the year and in 2021; those which were mutilated in the period after May 25, 2020, are listed here.

The French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] declared his opposition to removing statues relating to France's colonial history on June 14, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-says-france-wont-tear-down-statues-amid-anti-racism-protests/|title=Macron says France won't 'tear down statues' amid anti-racism protests|first=Rym|last=Momtaz|date=June 14, 2020|website=[[Politico]]|access-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Region
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Schoelcher|Bust of [[Victor Schœlcher]]}}
|
| [[Basse-Terre]]
| [[Guadeloupe]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 23, 2020|format=hide}} Night of Jul 23–24, 2020
| Decapitated
| The bust was stolen overnight, and discovered more than 40 kilometers away the following morning.
| {{cn|date=May 2024}}
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Joséphine|[[Statue of the Empress Joséphine|Statue]] of the [[Empress Joséphine]]}}<hr />{{small|Gabriel Vital Dubray, 1859}}
| [[File:Statue de l'impératrice Joséphine en 1998.jpg|100px|Statue of the Empress Joséphine]]
| [[Fort-de-France]]
| [[Martinique]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 26, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Joséphine, the first wife of [[Napoleon]], was born on Martinique to a family that owned a [[sugar plantation]]. This statue was commissioned by her grandson [[Napoleon III]], and had been missing its head since 1991.
| <ref name="RFI"/> <ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08905495.2019.1674579?journalCode=gncc20|first=Kylie|last=Sago|title=Beyond the headless Empress: Gabriel Vital Dubray's statues of Josephine, Edouard Glissant's ''Tout-monde'', and contested monuments of French empire|journal=Nineteenth-Century Contexts|volume=41|issue=5|date=2019|doi = 10.1080/08905495.2019.1674579|pages=501–519|s2cid = 213766590|access-date=August 16, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Belain d'Esnambuc|[[Statue of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc|Statue]] of [[Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc]]}}<hr>1935
| [[File:Statue de Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, Fort-de-France, Martinique.jpg|100px|Statue of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc]]
| [[Fort-de-France]]
| [[Martinique]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 26, 2020}}
| Destroyed by protesters
| Belain founded the French colony at Martinique in 1635. In a video posted on [[social media]], activists warned that the statues of Belain and Joséphine would be targeted unless they were officially removed by July 26.
| <ref name="RFI"/> <ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/anti-racism-activists-destroy-statue-of-napoleons-first-wife-josephine-in-martinique-2269588|title=Anti-Racism Activists Destroy Statue Of Napoleon's First Wife Josephine In Martinique|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=July 27, 2020|access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Voltaire|Statue of [[Voltaire]]<hr/>[[Léon-Ernest Drivier]]}}
| [[File:Voltaire en fleurs (27144500140).jpg|100px|Statue of Voltaire]]
| [[Paris]]
| [[Île-de-France]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|August 17, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|August 17, 2020|format=hide}}{{circa|Aug 17, 2020}}
| Removed by city authorities
| The ''[[philosophe]]'' invested in the [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]] in the 1740s, when it was engaged in the Atlantic slave trade. His statue in the Square Honoré-Champion was said to have been removed temporarily for conservation; it will be re-erected at another location.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/20/ou-est-voltaire-mystery-of-parisian-statue-solved|title=Où est Voltaire? Mystery of Parisian statue solved|first=Kim|last=Willsher|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=February 20, 2022|access-date=March 2, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/17/statue-removed-france-voltaire-397405|title=Removal of Voltaire statue in Paris only temporary, officials say|first=Elisa|last=Braun|website=[[Politico]]|date=August 17, 2020|access-date=March 2, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/31/voltaire-spread-darkness-not-enlightenment-france-should-stop-worship-paris-statue-racism-black-lives-matter|title=Voltaire Spread Darkness, Not Enlightenment. France Should Stop Worshipping Him.|first=Nabila|last=Ramdani|magazine=[[Foreign Policy]]|date=August 31, 2020|access-date=March 2, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Schoelcher|Memorial to [[Victor Schœlcher]]}}<hr>1998
|
| [[Le Diamant]]
| [[Martinique]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|March 5, 2021}}
| Decapitated
| The monument had been erected to mark the 150th anniversary of the abolition of [[Slavery in the British and French Caribbean|slavery on Martinique]]; there are no plans to replace it.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/slave-abolition-statue-martinique|title='Proud to be colonised?': statue of French politician torn down in Martinique |first=Anna|last=Sansom|newspaper=[[The Art Newspaper]]|date=March 10, 2021|access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref>
}}
|}

===Barbados===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Nelson|[[Statue of Lord Nelson, Bridgetown|Statue]] of [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson]]}}<hr>Sir [[Richard Westmacott]], 1813
| [[File:Statue of Admiral Lord Nelson, Bridgetown, Barbados.jpg|100px]]
| [[Bridgetown]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 24, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|November 16, 2020}}
| Removed by government
| On July 24 John King, the Minister with responsibility for Culture, announced that the statue would be removed during the national Season of Emancipation, which came to an end on August 23. The removal was postponed in order to concentrate available funds on completing and opening a park in [[Saint Thomas, Barbados|Saint Thomas]], and eventually occurred on the [[International Day for Tolerance]]. The statue will be rehoused in the [[Barbados Museum]].
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://memorials.rmg.co.uk/m2219/|title=Memorial: M2219|website=Maritime Memorials|publisher=[[Royal Museums Greenwich]]|access-date=September 24, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.loopnewsbarbados.com/content/nelson-statue-be-given-new-home|title=Lord Nelson statue in Barbados to be get a new home with public input|first=Daveny|last=Ellis|website=Loop|date=July 24, 2020|access-date=September 24, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028200133/https://www.loopnewsbarbados.com/content/nelson-statue-be-given-new-home|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.loopnewsbarbados.com/content/denny-unmoved-face-delay-nelson-not-moving|title=Denny unmoved in the face of delay of Lord Nelson statue removal|first=Daveny|last=Ellis|website=Loop|date=August 21, 2020|access-date=September 24, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2020/10/24/nelsons-statue-to-be-removed-november-16/|title=Nelson's Statue to be removed November 16|website=Barbados Today|date=October 24, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-barbados-statue/barbados-removes-nelson-statue-in-break-with-colonial-past-idUKKBN27X1UZ|title=Barbados removes Nelson statue in break with colonial past|first=Robert Edison|last=Sandiford|publisher=Reuters|date=November 17, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2021}}</ref>
}}
|}

===Canada===
{{See also|George Floyd protests in Canada|Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022}}
In Canada, removed statues were attacked in a general anticolonialist context, rather than being directly linked to the typical BLM targets in Britain or the United States.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Province
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
{{RM row
| {{sort|Macdonald, Baden|''A Canadian Conversation''}} Sir [[John A. Macdonald]]<hr/>[[Ruth Abernethy]], 2016
|
| [[Baden, Ontario|Baden]]
| Ontario
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 27, 2020}}
| {{circa|{{dts|abbr=on|September 3, 2020}}|sortable=yes}}
| Put into storage
| [[Wilmot Township, Ontario|Wilmot Township]] Council voted on July 27 for the statue's immediate removal.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilmot.ca/en/living-here/prime-ministers-path.aspx|title=Prime Ministers Path|publisher=Township of Wilmot|access-date=September 12, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625193848/https://www.wilmot.ca/en/living-here/prime-ministers-path.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://kitchener.citynews.ca/local-news/sir-john-a-macdonald-statue-in-baden-to-be-relocated-2596436|title=Sir John A. Macdonald Statue in Baden to be relocated|website=KitchenerToday.com|date=July 28, 2020|access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/sir-john-a-macdonald-statue-baden-moved-storage-1.5711080|title=Sir John A. Macdonald statue in Baden moved into storage|publisher=CBC News|date=September 3, 2020|access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| {{sort|Macdonald, Montreal|[[Macdonald Monument|Monument]] to Sir [[John A. Macdonald]]}}<hr/>[[George Edward Wade]], 1895
| [[File:Sir John A Macdonald Monument Montreal - 13.jpg|100px]]
| [[Montreal]]
| Quebec
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|August 30, 2020}}
| Statue toppled and decapitated by protesters
| The toppling occurred during a [[Defund the Police]] protest; the statue had been a target of vandalism in the past.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-sir-john-a-macdonald/|title=Monument à Sir John A. Macdonald|publisher=City of Montreal|access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7306987/montreal-city-officials-remove-toppled-statue-of-sir-john-a-macdonald/|title=Montreal city officials remove toppled statue of Sir John A. Macdonald|first=Kwabena|last=Oduro|date=August 30, 2020|access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref>

}}
|}

===Ireland===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns|r=y
| ''Égyptienne'' and ''Négresse'' statues<hr>[[Mathurin Moreau]], 1867
| [[File:Statue of Nubian noblewoman outside the Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin.jpg|100px]]
| [[Dublin]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 27, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 27, 2020}}
| Removed by owners
| The [[Shelbourne Hotel]] on [[St Stephen's Green|St. Stephen's Green]] removed the four exterior statues "in light of recent world events". The statues have been said to represent "two [[Nubia]]n Princesses and their shackled slave girls", a view which may derive from a 1951 book on the hotel by [[Elizabeth Bowen]]. After an examination by [[University College Dublin|UCD]] art history professor Paula Murphy concluded that the statues were not representations of slaves and that the "shackles" were golden anklets indicating aristocratic status, it was announced that they would be restored to their plinths. They were reinstated on December 14.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/others/statues-slave-girls-dublin|title=Dublin hotel removes statues of chained girls|first=James|last=O'Shea|date=July 27, 2020|newspaper=IrishCentral|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=McGreevy|first1=Ronan|date=July 31, 2020|title=Shelbourne Hotel statues do not depict slave girls, says leading art historian|newspaper=The Irish Times|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/shelbourne-hotel-statues-do-not-depict-slave-girls-says-leading-art-historian-1.4318586|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=McGreevy |first1=Ronan |title=Shelbourne Hotel statues to be restored to their plinths |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/shelbourne-hotel-statues-to-be-restored-to-their-plinths-1.4362766 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=September 24, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/shelbourne-hotel-statues-reinstated-5300159-Dec2020/|title=Shelbourne statues reinstated to front of hotel|website=thejournal.ie|first=Adam|last=Daly|date=December 15, 2020|access-date=December 16, 2020}}</ref>
}}
|}

===Colombia===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Monument/memorial
! Location
! Department
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
{{RM row
| {{sort|Belalcázar|[[Equestrian statue of Sebastián de Belalcázar|Equestrian statue]] of [[Sebastián de Belalcázar]]}}<hr>[[Victorio Macho]], 1937
| [[File:El Morro (Popayán).jpg|100px]]
| [[Popayán]]
| [[Cauca Department|Cauca]]
|
| {{dts|abbr=on|September 16, 2020}}
| Toppled by protesters
| Toppled and decapitated by members of the [[Guambiano|Misak]] indigenous community. Belalcázar was a Spanish [[conquistador]] credited with the foundation of important cities in modern-day Colombia and Ecuador. The monument was located on top of [[Morro del Tulcán]], an indigenous archaeological site.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-54186047|title=Colombia: Indigenous protesters topple conquistador's statue|work=BBC News|date=September 17, 2020|access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref>
}}
|}

===Removals under consideration===

Some officials have announced their decisions to remove monuments under their jurisdiction, and are currently working to push through whatever legislative or permission barriers they need to accomplish their goals.



* Alaska: [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] Mayor [[Ethan Berkowitz]] announced on June 24, 2020, that he will leave the decision about removal of the [[Statue of James Cook (Anchorage, Alaska)|statue]] of [[James Cook]] in downtown Anchorage up to the [[Eklutna, Anchorage|Native Village of Eklutna]] and other area [[Denaʼina]] tribes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Future of Captain Cook statue discussed by Sister City Commission|url=https://www.ktva.com/story/42287033/future-of-captain-cook-statue-discussed-by-sister-city-commission|access-date=June 26, 2020|website=www.ktva.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626030927/https://www.ktva.com/story/42287033/future-of-captain-cook-statue-discussed-by-sister-city-commission|archive-date=June 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Florida: Protesters at [[Florida State University]], [[Tallahassee]], call for removal of the [[Eppes Statue]], at the original entrance to the campus; he was a slaveowner who was influential in the founding of Florida State. The building of the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice is also named for him.<ref>{{cite news
|title=FSU panel votes to remove campus honors for B.K. Roberts, Francis Eppes
|first=Byron
|last=Dobson
|newspaper=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]
|date=June 30, 2020
|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/05/04/fsu-panel-recommend-removal-campus-honors-b-k-roberts-francis-eppes-update/581305002/
|access-date=July 5, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924113203/https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/05/04/fsu-panel-recommend-removal-campus-honors-b-k-roberts-francis-eppes-update/581305002/
|archive-date=September 24, 2019
|url-status=live
}}</ref> Protesters are also calling for renaming of [[Doak Campbell Stadium]].
* Louisiana: [[East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana|East Feliciana Parish]] [[Police Jury]] announced June 15, 2020, that they will revisit in two weeks the issue of a possible removal of a Confederate statue that sits outside their courthouse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wafb.com/2020/06/15/e-feliciana-officials-consider-removing-confederate-statue-outside-courthouse/|title=E. Feliciana officials vote to take no action to remove confederate statue outside courthouse|first=Mykal Vincent, Lester|last=Duhé|website=wafb.com|date=June 15, 2020}}</ref>
* Louisiana: City of [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]] voted to have Confederate Monument in front of [[Rapides Parish]] Courthouse. However, there is an ongoing court case to determine who owns the statue: the City of Alexandria, Rapides Parish, or the UDC.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Louisiana city council votes to remove Confederate monument|newspaper=[[Beauregard Daily News]]|url=https://www.beauregarddailynews.net/story/news/2020/07/24/alexandria-city-council-votes-remove-100-year-old-confederate-monument/5493773002/|date=July 24, 2020|access-date=July 24, 2020|archive-date=July 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725054553/https://www.beauregarddailynews.net/story/news/2020/07/24/alexandria-city-council-votes-remove-100-year-old-confederate-monument/5493773002/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Kentucky: [[Murray, Kentucky|Murray]] City Council passed a unanimous vote to remove the [[Confederate Monument (Murray, Kentucky)|Confederate Monument of Robert E. Lee]] from in front of their courthouse. The County Attorney isn't sure if the county has authority to move the statue, which is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], and so is conducting further research. Public feedback is expected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wkyt.com/2020/06/26/kentucky-city-passes-resolution-to-remove-lee-statue/|title=Kentucky city passes resolution to remove Lee statue|website=[[WKYT-TV]]|date=June 26, 2020|access-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627055655/https://www.wkyt.com/2020/06/26/kentucky-city-passes-resolution-to-remove-lee-statue/|archive-date=June 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/06/27/murray-kentucky-city-council-passes-resolution-remove-lee-statue/3270284001/|title=City council in Murray, Kentucky, passes resolution to remove Robert E. Lee statue|agency=Associated Press|website=The Courier-Journal}}</ref>
* Mississippi: [[Forrest County, Mississippi|Forrest County]] Supervisors passed a measure on June 15, 2020. In November, voters will decide about the removal of a Confederate monument in front of their courthouse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wjtv.com/video/forrest-county-confederate-statue-vote/5598291/|title=Forrest County Confederate Statue Vote|publisher=WJTV|date=June 16, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618171917/https://www.wjtv.com/video/forrest-county-confederate-statue-vote/5598291/|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ohio: As of June 14, 2020, [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]] city council member is making a motion to remove an [[Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison|equestrian statue]] of President [[William Henry Harrison]] from [[Piatt Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox19.com/2020/06/14/motion-remove-pro-slavery-harrison-statue-piatt-park-gets-support-councilmember/|title=Councilmember to introduce motion to remove 'pro-slavery' Harrison statue from Piatt Park|first=Jared|last=Goffinet|website=fox19.com|date=June 14, 2020}}</ref>
* Texas: [[Weatherford, Texas|Weatherford]]: The United Daughters of the Confederacy asked for the removal of the United Confederate Veterans of Parker County monument in front of the Parker County Courthouse.<ref>{{cite news
|title= Parker County commissioners take no action on Confederate statue amid ownership debate
|first=Brian
|last=Lopez
|date=June 22, 2020
|newspaper=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]
|url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/article243720602.html}}</ref>
* Virginia: [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]] City Council announced on June 12, 2020, that they covered and fenced the Confederate monument sitting at the Old [[Princess Anne County, Virginia|Princess Anne County]] Courthouse until after July 1, 2020, when the city will have the authority to make decisions about the monument. A public hearing will be scheduled in July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/virginia-beach/confederate-monument-in-virginia-beach-to-be-covered-fenced-off/291-e3b454bb-b9c1-4162-8010-fd7dee0a06b5|title=Confederate monument in Virginia Beach covered, fenced off|website=13newsnow.com|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618083027/https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/virginia-beach/confederate-monument-in-virginia-beach-to-be-covered-fenced-off/291-e3b454bb-b9c1-4162-8010-fd7dee0a06b5|archive-date=June 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Washington, D.C.: In July the House voted to remove 11 Confederate statues and statues of three others – Charles Aycock, John C. Calhoun, and James Paul Clarke – from the [[United States Capitol]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caygle |first1=Heather |title=House votes to remove Confederate statues from Capitol |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/22/house-votes-to-remove-confederate-statues-from-capitol-378423 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |work=Politico |date=July 22, 2020}}</ref> The statues are part of the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]], a set of 100, with two supplied by each state. Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said replacement decisions should be up to the individual states and the bill would need to pass the GOP-controlled Senate.<ref name="clash">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/11/875056309/congress-heads-toward-clash-with-trump-over-removal-of-confederate-symbols|title=Congress Heads Toward Clash With Trump Over Removal Of Confederate Symbols|newspaper=NPR|date=June 11, 2020|last1=Grisales|first1=Claudia|last2=Ewing|first2=Philip}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==

=== United States ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Artwork
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row
| Ceiling mural in the lobby of [[McGill–Toolen Catholic High School]]
|
| [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]]
| Alabama
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 3, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 3, 2020}}
| Removed by school
| A mural in [[McGill–Toolen Catholic High School]] reproduces the former seal of Mobile, which included the Confederate flag. The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile|Archdiocese of Mobile]] painted over the Confederate flag section so that it now resembles the [[Flag of Alabama|Alabama state flag]].
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile Archdiocese removes Confederate flag from McGill-Toolen mural after petition|first=Keith|last=Lane|date=June 3, 2020|newspaper=[[WPMI]] (mynbc15.com)|url=https://mynbc15.com/news/local/petition-started-to-remove-confederate-flag-from-mural-in-mcgill-toolen-school-foyer|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603222324/https://mynbc15.com/news/local/petition-started-to-remove-confederate-flag-from-mural-in-mcgill-toolen-school-foyer|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Fresco in [[Memorial Hall (University of Kentucky)|Memorial Hall]]
|
| [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]]
| Kentucky
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 5, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Plans for removal by school
| The [[fresco]] in the foyer of [[University of Kentucky]]'s Memorial Hall has been criticized for its romanticized depiction of African-American slaves. The University President announced that it would be removed. However, there has been considerable opposition.
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mickle |first1=Jordan |title=University of Kentucky to remove controversial Memorial Hall mural from campus |url=https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/university-of-kentucky-to-remove-controversial-memorial-hall-mural-from-campus |access-date=June 8, 2020 |publisher=WLEX |date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607061759/https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/university-of-kentucky-to-remove-controversial-memorial-hall-mural-from-campus |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Childress |first1=Rick |title=University of Kentucky to remove controversial Memorial Hall mural, president says |url=https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/education/article243306951.html |work=Lexington Herald Leader |date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609153056/https://www.kentucky.com/news/local/education/article243306951.html |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ladd |first1=Sarah |title=UK to cover Memorial Hall mural after student sit-in |url=http://www.kykernel.com/news/uk-to-cover-memorial-hall-mural-after-student-sit-in/article_6e5b19ae-5597-11e9-b72f-2bd8a2030a53.html |access-date=June 8, 2020 |work=Kentucky Kernel |date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608081800/http://www.kykernel.com/news/uk-to-cover-memorial-hall-mural-after-student-sit-in/article_6e5b19ae-5597-11e9-b72f-2bd8a2030a53.html |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/06/arts/design/university-of-kentucky-slavery-mural-lawsuit.html|title=Students' Calls to Remove a Mural Were Answered. Now Comes a Lawsuit.|first=Julia|last=Jacobs|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 6, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''[[Frank Rizzo]] Mural''
|
| [[Philadelphia]]
| Pennsylvania
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 7, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 7, 2020}}
| Painted over by city
| Mural painted over in the early morning.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adelman |first1=Jacob |last2=Graham |first2=Kristen A. |last3=Maialetti |first3=David |title='My eyes feel at peace now': Frank Rizzo mural is erased, as calls for racial justice bring change to Philly's Italian Market |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/frank-rizzo-mural-philadelphia-itlalian-market-removed-george-floyd-20200607.html |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607154253/https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/frank-rizzo-mural-philadelphia-itlalian-market-removed-george-floyd-20200607.html |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Frank Rizzo mural painted over in South Philadelphia |url=https://6abc.com/frank-rizzo-mural-statue-philadelphia-arts/6235798/ |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=[[WPVI-TV|6abc Philadelphia]] |date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190918/https://6abc.com/frank-rizzo-mural-statue-philadelphia-arts/6235798/ |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| ''America Receiving the Gifts of Nations''
| [[File:Portico of the former Cooper Branch Library.jpg|100px|America Receiving the Gifts of Nations]]
| [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
| New Jersey
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 23, 2020|format=hide}} Reported covered on June 23
| Covered by university
| The mosaic on the façade of the main entrance to the former [[Cooper Library in Johnson Park|Cooper Branch Library]], now a building of [[Rutgers University–Camden]], depicts Columbus, and indigenous people in subservient positions. Obscured while the university explores long-term options.
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Burney |first1=Melanie |title=Camden to rename Woodrow Wilson High School, citing the former president's segregationist legacy |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/nj-camden-woodrow-wilson-high-school-name-change-racism-20200619.html |website=Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=June 22, 2020 |date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622144932/https://www.inquirer.com/news/nj-camden-woodrow-wilson-high-school-name-change-racism-20200619.html |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Rodas |first1=Steven |title=Rutgers-Camden to Cover Mosaic that Depicts Columbus, Indigenous People |url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/camden/sections/education/articles/rutgers-camden-to-cover-mosaic-that-depicts-columbus-indigenous-people |website=TAPinto |access-date=June 22, 2020 |language=en |date=June 19, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news
|title= Petition Asks for Removal of Walt Whitman Statue from Rutgers-Camden, Another to Uncover Mosaic
|first=Steven
|last=Rodas
|date=June 24, 2020
|newspaper=[[TAPinto]]Camden
|url= https://www.tapinto.net/towns/camden/sections/education/articles/petition-asks-for-removal-of-walt-whitman-statue-from-rutgers-camden-another-to-uncover-mosaic}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row |p=y
| Stained glass window in the [[Cathedral of the Rockies]]
|
| [[Boise, Idaho|Boise]]
| Idaho
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Removal ordered by church
| The stained glass window depicts Robert E. Lee standing next to George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. It will be donated to the [[Idaho Black History Museum]] if it is removed intact.
| <ref>Foy, Nicole (June 18, 2020). [https://www.concordmonitor.com/A-Boise-church-repents-and-will-remove-a-Confederate-icon-Are-others-in-Idaho-next-34822773 Idaho church ‘repents,’ plans to remove Confederate icon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622041734/https://www.concordmonitor.com/A-Boise-church-repents-and-will-remove-a-Confederate-icon-Are-others-in-Idaho-next-34822773 |date=June 22, 2020 }}. ''Concord Monitor''. Retrieved June 22, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| Four Confederate portraits in the [[United States Capitol]]
| [[File:CharlesFrederickCrisp.jpg|100px|Portrait of Charles Frederick Crisp]]
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| District of Columbia
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 18, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 19, 2020}}
| Removal ordered by House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]]
| Removal of portraits of four House Speakers who served in the Confederacy – [[Robert M. T. Hunter]], [[Howell Cobb]], [[James Lawrence Orr]], and [[Charles Frederick Crisp]] (''pictured'') – on [[Juneteenth]].
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcos |first1=Cristina |title=Pelosi orders removal of Confederate portraits in Capitol |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/pelosi-orders-removal-of-confederate-portraits-in-capitol/ar-BB15FA4n |website=The Hill |access-date=June 18, 2020 |date=June 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620163616/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/pelosi-orders-removal-of-confederate-portraits-in-capitol/ar-BB15FA4n |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row
| [[Baker-Berry Library|Baker Memorial Library]] weather vane<hr>Stanley Orcutt, 1928 (design)
| [[File:Baker Memorial Library weather vane.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]]
| New Hampshire
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 25, 2020}}
| Removed by university
| The weather vane depicts a Native American sitting on the ground in front of [[Dartmouth College]]'s founder, [[Eleazar Wheelock]]. The university's president, [[Philip J. Hanlon]], stated that the portrayal of the Native American did not reflect Dartmouth's values.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vnews.com/Petition-calls-for-removal-of-Baker-Library-weathervane-34719730|title=Native American students say Dartmouth library weather vane 'flaunts racist depiction'|date=June 11, 2020|website=Valley News|access-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2020/06/dartmouth-replace-weather-vane-atop-baker-library-tower|title=Dartmouth to Replace Weather Vane Atop Baker Library Tower|first=Susan J.|last=Boutwell|date=June 15, 2020|website=Dartmouth News|access-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2020/06/dartmouth-removes-baker-tower-weather-vane|title=Dartmouth Removes Baker Tower Weather Vane|first=Aimee|last=Minbiole|date=June 25, 2020|website=Dartmouth News|access-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref>
}}
|}

===United Kingdom===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Artwork
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| Stained glass windows in [[Bristol Cathedral]] and [[St Mary Redcliffe]]
| [[File:Bristol Cathedral2.jpg|150px|Bristol Cathedral. The stained glass window in question is the large one on the left of the picture]]
| [[Bristol]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 15, 2020}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 16, 2020}}
| Removed by the [[Diocese of Bristol]]
| Window panes commemorating [[Edward Colston]] at the parish church were removed, and similar panes at the cathedral have been covered up until they can be safely removed.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53062967|title=Edward Colston: Church windows honouring slave trader removed|date=June 16, 2020|website=BBC News|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621074030/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53062967|archive-date=June 21, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| [[Sir Ronald Fisher window]] at [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]]<hr>Maria Ulatowska McClafferty, 1989
| [[File:Fisher-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg|75px|Stained glass window]]
| [[Cambridge]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|July 29, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| Removed to storage by the college
| The window commemorates [[Ronald Fisher|Sir Ronald Fisher]], a statistician and eugenicist. It is one of a series of windows marking scientific discoveries made by former members of the college, and depicts a [[Latin square]], studied by Fisher. The college council decided on June 24 to remove the window, subject to [[listed building]] consent.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jun/27/cambridge-gonville-caius-college-eugenicist-window-ronald-fisher|title=Cambridge college to remove window commemorating eugenicist|first=Mattha|last=Busby|date=June 27, 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627151358/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jun/27/cambridge-gonville-caius-college-eugenicist-window-ronald-fisher|archive-date=June 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/news/college-council-decides-remove-ra-fisher-window-hall|title=College Council decides to remove R.A. Fisher Window from Hall|publisher=Gonville & Caius College|date=June 26, 2020|access-date=May 29, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/news/fisher-window-removed-and-diversity-progress|title=Fisher Window removed and diversity progress|publisher=Gonville & Caius College|date=July 29, 2020|access-date=May 29, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| Portraits of [[Governor of the Bank of England|governors]] and directors of the [[Bank of England]]
| [[File:Laureys a Castro - Portrait of Sir Robert Clayton (1629–1707).jpg|100px]]
| [[London]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|August 27, 2021}}
| {{sdash}}
| Removed from display by the Bank
| On June 18, 2020, the Bank announced a review of its collection of portraits of former governors and directors. This resulted in the removal from display of eight oil paintings and two busts of figures linked to the slave trade, including [[Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet|Gilbert Heathcote]], [[James Bateman (banker)|James Bateman]], [[Robert Bristow (1688–1737)|Robert Bristow]], [[Robert Clayton (City of London MP)|Robert Clayton]] (''pictured''), William Dawsonne, [[William Manning (British politician)|William Manning]] and [[John Pearse (politician)|John Pearse]].
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-minneapolis-police-protests-boe/bank-of-england-to-remove-any-portraits-of-former-governors-linked-to-slave-trade-idUSKBN23P34L|title=Bank of England to remove any portraits of former governors linked to slave trade|work=Reuters|date=June 18, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620235340/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-minneapolis-police-protests-boe/bank-of-england-to-remove-any-portraits-of-former-governors-linked-to-slave-trade-idUSKBN23P34L|archive-date=June 20, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/bank-england-removes-artworks-depicting-directors-connected-slave-trade-2003929|title=The Bank of England Has Removed 10 Portraits Depicting Former Directors Connected to the Slave Trade|website=[[Artnet]]|first=Taylor|last=Dafoe|date=August 20, 2021|access-date=May 29, 2022}}</ref>
}}
|}

=== France ===
In [[metropolitan France]], one of the few artworks connected to racism removed in this period is a mural paying tribute to George Floyd and Adama Traoré. The [[death of Adama Traoré]] in 2016 caused the ''Justice pour Adama'' movement against racism and police violence, which was reactivated in 2020, inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! | Artwork
! City
! Département
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row si |p=y
| Mural in tribute to George Floyd and Adama Traoré
| [[Stains, Seine-Saint-Denis|Stains]]
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis]]
| {{dts|abbr=on|Jun 22, 2020}}
| {{sdash}}
| The Seine-Saint-Denis prefect authorised the preservation of the mural itself, but ordered the Communist mayor of Stains to erase the phrase ''Contre le racisme et les violences policières'' ("Against racism and police violence") contained in it, or at least the reference to "police violence", because the police union "Alliance" felt offended, in a context where police violence cases have been multiplying in France since 2018. Since the mayor did not obey, the prefect repeated the order on July 3. On the night of July 4–5, the painting was vandalized.
| The mural depicts the faces of Adama Traoré and George Floyd in shades of grey and standing out from a sunny blue sky, with the phrase ''Contre le racisme et les violences policières'' written above in black, white and red.
| <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/seine-saint-denis-93/le-prefet-met-en-demeure-le-maire-de-stains-de-retoucher-la-fresque-contre-les-violences-policieres-22-06-2020-8340219.php|title=Stains : le préfet met en demeure le maire de retoucher la fresque contre les violences policières|author= Nathalie Revenu et Claire Guédon|date=June 22, 2020|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/seine-saint-denis-93/en-seine-saint-denis-des-policiers-veulent-manifester-contre-une-fresque-denoncant-les-violences-policieres-21-06-2020-8339643.php|title=Stains : des policiers renoncent à manifester contre une fresque dénonçant les violences policières|author=Hélène Haus|date=June 21, 2020|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/police/violences-policieres/stains-le-maire-mis-en-demeure-de-modifier-une-fresque-contre-les-violences-policieres_4032553.html|title=Seine-Saint-Denis: le maire de Stains mis en demeure de modifier une fresque contre les violences policières|date=July 3, 2020|website=Franceinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/usa/mort-de-george-floyd/fresque-en-hommage-a-adama-traore-vandalisee-consterne-le-maire-de-stains-va-deposer-plainte_4035567.html|title=Fresque en hommage à Adama Traoré vandalisée : "consterné", le maire de Stains va déposer plainte|date=July 5, 2020|website=Franceinfo}}</ref>
}}
|}

==Plaques and signs==

===United States===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! Plaque
! City
! State
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row si
| [[University of Alabama]] Confederate Army plaques
| [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama|Tuscaloosa]]
| Alabama
| June 8
| June 9
| Removed by school
| The three plaques near the library commemorate University students who joined the Confederate military and University cadets who helped defend the campus. The University stated that they "will be placed at a more appropriate historical setting".
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wabe.org/protests-are-bringing-down-confederate-monuments-around-the-south/|title=Protests Are Bringing Down Confederate Monuments Around The South|date=June 9, 2020|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609182109/https://www.wabe.org/protests-are-bringing-down-confederate-monuments-around-the-south/|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ua.edu/news/2020/06/joint-statement-by-the-university-of-alabama-system-board-of-trustees-ua-president-stuart-bell-and-chancellor-finis-st-john/|title=Joint Statement by The University of Alabama System Board of Trustees, UA President Stuart Bell and Chancellor Finis St. John|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609015814/https://www.ua.edu/news/2020/06/joint-statement-by-the-university-of-alabama-system-board-of-trustees-ua-president-stuart-bell-and-chancellor-finis-st-john/|archive-date=June 9, 2020|url-status=live|publisher=The University of Alabama|date=June 8, 2020|access-date=June 8, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Stephanie|date=June 9, 2020|url=https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/news/20200609/university-of-alabama-removes-confederate-monument|title=University of Alabama removes Confederate monument|work=Tuscaloosa News|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row si
| Historic sign saying Bowling Green was the Confederate capital of Kentucky
| [[Bowling Green, Kentucky|Bowling Green]]
| Kentucky
|Not announced
| About August 25
| Removed by [[Western Kentucky University]] administration
|
|<ref name="WKRN" />
}}
{{RM row si
| Plaque and stone that honored [[Stephen Douglas]]
| Chicago
| Illinois
|
| Announced June 7
| Removed by owner, University of Chicago
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=University of Chicago Removes Tributes to Stephen Douglas
|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/university-of-chicago-removes-tributes-to-stephen-douglas/2301493/
|newspaper=[[WMAQ-TV]] (nbcchicago.com)
|date=July 8, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row si
| [[John H. Winder]] plaque
| [[Salisbury, Maryland|Salisbury]]
| Maryland
| June 12
| June 12
| Removed by [[Wicomico County]]
| The plaque was located next to the Wicomico County Courthouse. It was personally removed by Wicomico County officials.
| <ref>Powers, Kelly (June 12, 2020). [https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2020/06/12/confederate-general-john-winder-marker-removed-salisbury-wicomico/3175631001/ Confederate Gen. John Winder Sign Comes Down in Wicomico] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616024402/https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2020/06/12/confederate-general-john-winder-marker-removed-salisbury-wicomico/3175631001/ |date=June 16, 2020 }}. ''Salisbury Daily Times''. Retrieved June 15, 2020.</ref>
}}
{{RM row si|p=y
| Words engraved at the base of the [[Hannah Duston#Second memorial (erected 1879)|Hannah Duston]] statue
| [[Haverhill, Massachusetts|Haverhill]]
| Massachusetts
| April 27, 2021
|
| Removal approved by Haverhill City Council
| City Council voted to leave the statue in the park, but to remove the hatchet and words inscribed in the statue's granite base describing Native Americans as savages.
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eagletribune.com/news/haverhill/haverhill-lets-hannah-duston-stay-much-debated-statue-remains-in-park-but-with-changes/article_b65446a7-8636-527d-a4bd-d65b3f643f89.html|title=Haverhill lets Hannah Duston stay — Much-debated statue remains in park, but with changes|first=Mike|last=LaBella|website=Eagle-Tribune|date=April 29, 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{RM row si
| [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s desk as Governor (plaque)
| [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]
| New Jersey
|
| Announced July 2
| No longer being used by [[Phil Murphy]], Governor of New Jersey
|
| <ref>{{cite news
|title=Murphy has ditched Woodrow Wilson's desk. Other N.J. governors say they didn't use it
|first1=Matt
|last1=Arco
|first2=Brent
|last2=Johnson
|newspaper=[[nj.com]]
|date=July 5, 2020
|url=https://www.nj.com/politics/2020/07/murphy-recently-ditched-woodrow-wilsons-desk-other-nj-governors-say-they-didnt-use-it.html}}</ref>}}
{{RM row si |p=y
| [[Maryland State House]] plaque
| [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]]
| Maryland
| June 15
|
| Removal approved by Maryland State House Trust
| The plaque was installed during the Civil Rights Movement. It honors Marylanders who fought on both sides of the Civil War; the plaque claims not to "take sides".
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/civil-war-plaque-removed-maryland-state-house/2020/06/15/240e3f42-af29-11ea-856d-5054296735e5_story.html|title=Plaque honoring Confederate soldiers to be removed from Maryland State House|first1=Erin|last1=Cox|newspaper=Washington Post|date=June 15, 2020|access-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616174421/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/civil-war-plaque-removed-maryland-state-house/2020/06/15/240e3f42-af29-11ea-856d-5054296735e5_story.html|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row si |p=y
| Plaques honoring [[Simon Baruch]] and [[Alexander Stephens]]<hr>Plaques honoring [[Matthew Fontaine Maury]] and Maupin-Maury House<hr>Plaque honoring surgeon John Syng Dorsey Cullen
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| July 16
|
| Committee at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] recommends these changes; approval expected.
| Various plaques commemorating members of the Confederacy placed across University
| <ref name="VCU committee recommends removal of Confederacy" />
}}
|}

===United Kingdom===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Plaque
! Location
! Removal announced
! Removed
! Means of removal
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Picton|Plaque to [[Thomas Picton|Sir Thomas Picton]]}}
| [[File:General Sir Thomas Picton Born Here.jpg|100px|Sir Thomas Picton blue plaque]]
| [[Haverfordwest]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 10, 2020}}
| Removed at the request of the building's owner
| [[Blue plaque]] at the birthplace of the general and governor of [[Trinidad]]. The building's owner had the plaque removed due to fears that it could be targeted by protesters. It was reported that the plaque would be displayed in [[Haverfordwest Town Museum]] from 2021.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/18511822.sir-thomas-picton-plaque-will-go-display-town-museum/|title=Sir Thomas Picton plaque will go on display in Town museum|first=James|last=Hemingway|date=June 11, 2020|newspaper=Western Telegraph|access-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Phillips|Plaque to Thomas Phillips}}
| [[File:Plaque to a Slave Trader.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Brecon]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 11, 2020|format=hide}} Before Jun 11, 2020
| Removed by an unknown person
| Plaque unveiled at Captain's Walk in 2010; it marked the site of the house of Thomas Phillips ({{circa|1665}}–1713), captain of the ''[[Hannibal (slave ship)|Hannibal]]'' slave ship. Brecon Town Council had already agreed to a review of the plaque, but it was removed by an unknown person before any decision about its fate could be made.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.brecon-radnor.co.uk/article.cfm?id=112444&headline=Controversial%20plaque%20commemorating%20Brecon%27s%20links%20to%20slave%20trader%20is%20removed%20ahead%20of%20review&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2020|title=Controversial plaque commemorating Brecon's links to slave trader is removed ahead of review|newspaper=The Brecon & Radnor Express|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=January 1, 2021|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410055341/https://www.brecon-radnor.co.uk/article.cfm?id=112444&headline=Controversial%20plaque%20commemorating%20Brecon%27s%20links%20to%20slave%20trader%20is%20removed%20ahead%20of%20review&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{citation|url=https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2020-11/the-slave-trade-and-the-british-empire-an-audit-of-commemoration-in-wales.pdf|title=The Slave Trade and the British Empire: An Audit of Commemoration in Wales|publisher=[[Welsh Government]]|date=November 26, 2020|access-date=January 1, 2021|page=39|archive-date=January 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117004836/https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2020-11/the-slave-trade-and-the-british-empire-an-audit-of-commemoration-in-wales.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row ns
| {{sort|Codrington|Plaque to [[Edward Codrington|Sir Edward Codrington]]}}
| [[File:Admiral Sir Edward Codrington.jpg|100px|Sir Edward Codrington blue plaque]]
| [[Brighton]]
| {{sdash}}
| {{dts|abbr=on|June 12, 2020}}
| Removed by the building's managing agent
| [[Blue plaque]] marking the residence of Sir Edward Codrington at Codrington Mansion, Western Road.
| <ref>{{citation|url=https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2020/06/12/controversial-plaque-commemorating-slave-trader-removed/|title=Controversial plaque commemorating slave owner removed|first=Jo|last=Wadsworth|website=Brighton & Hove News|date=June 12, 2020|access-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref>
}}
|}

== Buildings ==
The following buildings were destroyed, torn down, or heavily damaged during the George Floyd protests due to their perceived racist heritage:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" | Building
! City
! State
! Date of incident
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
{{RM row b
| [[Market House (Fayetteville, North Carolina)|Market House]]
| [[File:Market House in Fayetteville, NC.jpg|100px|Market House Building]]
| [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]]
| North Carolina
| May 30
| The Market House Building, a tourist attraction and museum on the site of a former [[slave market]], was set on fire by demonstrators chanting "[[Black Lives Matter]]". The demonstrators used wood pallets to encourage a larger fire.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/cumberland-county-news/mall-closes-as-protest-over-george-floyds-death-begins-in-fayetteville/|newspaper=cbs17.com|date=May 31, 2020|title=Market House Set On Fire in Fayetteville|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604102813/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/cumberland-county-news/mall-closes-as-protest-over-george-floyds-death-begins-in-fayetteville/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Clean up begins after night of looting, fires and vandalism in Raleigh, Fayetteville|publisher=[[WRAL-TV|WRAL]]|date=May 30, 2020|url=https://www.wral.com/looting-fires-vandalism-mark-protests-over-death-of-george-floyd-in-raleigh-fayetteville/19121290/|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604114810/https://www.wral.com/looting-fires-vandalism-mark-protests-over-death-of-george-floyd-in-raleigh-fayetteville/19121290/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row b
| [[Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy]]
| [[File:Headquarters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.jpg|100px|Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy]]
| [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]
| Virginia
| May 31
| The national headquarters of the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy#George Floyd protests|United Daughters of the Confederacy]] was set on fire. Windows were broken and fire set to the curtains hanging in the building's main library. Flames covered most of the front of the building; 9 fire trucks responded. Firefighters asked for and received police protection. There was extensive smoke and water damage throughout the building and charring on the building's Georgia marble façade. All the books in the library incurred some damage and library shelving was destroyed. Some Stonewall Jackson memorabilia, including his Confederate flag, were destroyed.
| <ref name="Confederate Broadcasting">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/ConfederateBroadcasting/posts/1310136835842592?__tn__=K-R |title=Latest update |last=Confederate Broadcasting |via=Facebook |date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=June 2020}} <ref name=Jones>{{cite news|title=Daughters of Confederacy headquarters on fire|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|date=May 31, 2020|url=https://www.richmond.com/news/local/updated-daughters-of-confederacy-headquarters-on-fire-2-capitol-police-officers-injured-as-violence-erupts/article_a2299cb2-367a-5f13-a107-97a4ca8a1f68.html#3|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603021037/https://www.richmond.com/news/local/updated-daughters-of-confederacy-headquarters-on-fire-2-capitol-police-officers-injured-as-violence-erupts/article_a2299cb2-367a-5f13-a107-97a4ca8a1f68.html#3|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Confederate Broadcasting"/> <ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|title=All the Monuments to Racism That Have Been Torched, Occupied, or Removed|first=Camille|last=Squires|date=June 3, 2020|url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/06/all-the-monuments-to-racism-that-have-been-torched-occupied-or-removed/|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604093510/https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/06/all-the-monuments-to-racism-that-have-been-torched-occupied-or-removed/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{RM row b|p=y
|[[Old Market (Louisville, Georgia)|Old Market House]]
|[[File:Old_Market,_Louisville,_GA,_US_(02).jpg|100px]]
|[[Louisville, Georgia|Louisville]]
|Georgia
|Pending
|The structure is a former slave market; it was built in 1795 and is located in the downtown area of Louisville. The Old Market House is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as one of the few surviving slave markets in the United States and the sole surviving market in Georgia. In July 2020, a fourteen-person commission was established by the city to determine the structure's future. The commission voted unanimously to remove the building; this decision was re-affirmed by the Louisville City Council on August 11, 2020. The city wishes to move the Old Market House to a museum, although no formal plan has been approved.
|<ref>Johnson, Lauren (August 13, 2020). [https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/13/us/old-market-house-to-be-removed-trnd/index.html A former slave market will be removed from the center of Georgia's first capital]. ''CNN''. Retrieved August 23, 2020.</ref>
}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Decolonization of public space]]
* [[Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests]]
* [[Canadian Indian residential school gravesites|Canadian Indian residential school gravesites § Reactions]]
* [[Cultural Revolution]], removal of capitalist and traditional Chinese symbolism following the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]]
* [[Decommunization in Ukraine]], a similar campaign of monument and memorial removals in [[Ukraine]] since 2014
* [[Denazification]], removal of Nazi symbols in Germany after World War II
* [[Iconoclasm]], the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments
* [[List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States]]
* [[List of public statues of individuals linked to the Atlantic slave trade]]
* [[Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials]]
* [[Rhodes Must Fall]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news
|title=Confederate statues: In 2020, a renewed battle in America's enduring Civil War
|first=Marc
|last=Fisher
|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]
|date=June 11, 2020
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/06/11/confederate-statues-attacked-protesters-george-floyd/}}
* {{cite news
|title=Pulling down statues of racists? Africa's done it for years. Queen Victoria, Cecil Rhodes, King Leopold
|first=Andrew
|last=Meldrum
|agency=[[Associated Press]]
|date=June 12, 2020
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pulling-statues-racists-africas-years-71213354}}
* Greenfield, Nathan M. (July 14, 2020). [https://timesofsandiego.com/opinion/2020/07/14/western-culture-has-a-hallowed-tradition-of-felling-offensive-statues/ "Western Culture Has a Hallowed Tradition of Felling Offensive Statues"]. ''[[Times of San Diego]].''
* {{cite news
|title=15 great photos of creatively vandalized racist statues from around the world
|first=Caitlin
|last=Welsh
|date=June 15, 2020
|newspaper=[[Mashable]]
|url=https://mashable.com/article/racist-confederate-statues-toppled-vandalized/}}
* Stour, James (June 15, 2020). [https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a32870657/remove-statue-science/ "How to Topple a Statue Using Science"]. ''[[Popular Mechanics]].''
* {{cite news
|title=Reconsidering the Past, One Statue at a Time
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|first1=Sarah
|last1=Mervosh
|first2=Simon
|last2=Romero
|first3=Lucy
|last3=Tompkins
|date=June 16, 2020
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/protests-statues-reckoning.html}}
* {{cite news
|title=A North Carolina law protects Confederate monuments. Will cities remove them anyway?
|first=Simone
|last=Jasper
|date=June 17, 2020
|url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/article243569037.html
|newspaper=[[Charlotte Observer]]}}
* {{cite news
|title=What Lithuania can teach us about grappling with Confederate statues
|first=Dirk
|last=Olin
|date=June 18, 2020
|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]
|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/18/what-lithuania-can-teach-us-about-grappling-with-confederate-statues/}}
* Morris, Phillip. (June 29, 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200629180958/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/confederate-monuments-fall-question-how-rewrite-history/ "As monuments fall, how does the world reckon with a racist past?"]. ''[[National Geographic]].''
*Kalen Goodluck''.'' (January 6, 2021). [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/new-mexico/toppling-colonial-monuments-in-new-mexico/?sf241724908=1 Indigenous symbols rise as colonial monuments fall in New Mexico]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. ''[[National Geographic]].''

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://news.yahoo.com/confederate-monuments-coming-down-amid-223755177.html Confederate monuments coming down amid protests]
* [https://whentheycamedown.com/categories/slavers/ ''When they came down'' (photograph collection)]
*[https://www.cacatholic.org/california-catholic-conference-issues-statement-removal-st-serra-statues-state Objection to the misrepresentation of Junípero Serra, who advocated for indigenous people] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717211535/https://www.cacatholic.org/california-catholic-conference-issues-statement-removal-st-serra-statues-state |date=July 17, 2020 }}

{{Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests|state=expanded}}
{{Destroyed heritage}}
{{George Floyd protests}}
{{Black Lives Matter}}

[[Category:Aftermath of the George Floyd protests]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests|*]]
[[Category:May 2020 in the United States]]
[[Category:June 2020 in the United States]]
[[Category:Iconoclasm]]
[[Category:Lists of monuments and memorials by subject|Floyd]]
[[Category:Lists of statues|removed monuments and memorials]]
[[Category:Removed Confederate States of America monuments and memorials]]

Uttar (film)

2026-05-04T20:01:43Z

NIULoyd091: added a stub...

{{Short description|2025 Indian Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Kshitij Patwardhan]]
| writer = [[Kshitij Patwardhan]]
| producer = {{Plain list|
* Bavesh Janavlekar
* Umesh Kumar Bansal
* [[Mayur Hardas]]
* Sampada Wagh
}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Abhinay Berde]]
* [[Renuka Shahane]]
* [[Hruta Durgule]]
* [[Nirmiti Sawant]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Amalendu Chaudhary]]
| editing = [[Mayur Hardas]]
| music = {{Plain list|
* [[Amitraj]]
* Tejas Joshi
* Aseem Kurhekar
* Prateek Kelkar
}}
| studio = {{Plain list|
* [[Zee Studios]]
* Jackpot Entertainmentss
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|12|12}}
| runtime = 118 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTIyMTEyMDI1MDAwOTM= |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=cbfcindia.gov.in}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| gross = {{INR|3 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-11 |title=मराठी चित्रपटांचा यशस्वी वर्षारंभ, हिंदी आणि हॉलीवूडपटांच्या स्पर्धेत कोट्यवधींची कमाई |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/marathi-films-have-a-successful-start-to-the-year-earning-crores-in-competition-with-hindi-and-hollywood-films-ssb-93-5630423/ |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
}}

'''''Uttar''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language drama film written and directed by [[Kshitij Patwardhan]] and produced by [[Zee Studios]] and Jackpot Entertainmentss.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Movie: उत्तर सिनेमासाठी अभिनय बेर्डेनं तब्बल 12 Kg वजन घटवलं, प्रेक्षकांना खूप आवडला नन्या |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/abhinay-berde-weight-loss-news-abhinay-berde-lost-12-kg-weight-for-uttar-marathi-movie-audience-praising-him-9836861 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=NDTV Marathi}}</ref> The film stars [[Abhinay Berde]], [[Renuka Shahane]], [[Hruta Durgule]] and [[Nirmiti Sawant]] in prominent roles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jadhav |first=Sakshi Sunil |date=2025-11-01 |title=Uttar Movie: आई-मुलाच्या नात्याची आजच्या काळातील कथा; अभिनय बेर्डेचा नवा चित्रपट लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/uttar-teaser-out-kshitij-patwardhans-directorial-debut-with-renuka-shahane-and-abhinay-berde-latest-marathi-entertainment-news-ssj03 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>

''Uttar'' was theatrically released on 12 December 2025 in Maharashtra. It is streaming on Zee5 from 13 Feb 2026. It reflections on how [[artificial intelligence]] can impact the relationship of a mother and child.<ref name=":0" />

== Cast ==

* [[Abhinay Berde]] as Ninad Bhalerao
* [[Renuka Shahane]] as Uma Bhalerao
* [[Hruta Durgule]] as Kshipra Agashe
* [[Nirmiti Sawant]] as Shanta Khanvilkar

== Release ==
The film was theatrically released on 12 December 2025.<ref name=":0" /> and digitally released on13 February 2026 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar OTT release date: When and where to watch Renuka Shahane's Marathi family drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/uttar-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-renuka-shahanes-marathi-family-drama/513820e9e9825 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and says "the film has light, pleasant dialogues, good cinematography, and despite a few flaws, it’s a fresh, relevant story about the gentle, loving bond between a mother and son."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2025-12-13 |title=Movie Review : उत्तर - मायलेकाच्या लडिवाळ नात्याची उत्तम गुंफण |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/uttar-marathi-movie-review-out-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Sakal |language=mr}}</ref> Rasika Shinde-Paul of ''Kalakruti Media'' gave 4/5 stars and placed a high value on emotional impact and acting by [[Renuka Shahane]] and [[Hruta Durgule]] and expressed that this film had a very powerful and emotional impact on him. Among other elements, she noted that this film ahd excellent music and excellent direction. The film's representation of human motherhood versus AI motherhood; the emotional story of this film should not be missed, even though the concepts surrounding AI could have been explained in a more simplified manner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shinde-Paul |first=Rasika |date=2025-12-11 |title=Marathi Movie Review : प्रत्येक आई आणि तिच्या मुलाने पाहावा असा ‘उत्तर’ |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/renuka-shahane-and-abhinya-berdes-uttar-marathi-movie-review/ |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' says "Uttar is slow to take off and a bit self-conscious at times. However, Patwardhan’s patience with his actors and his tendency to let scenes roll out in full does produce a fair share of moist-eyed moments."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2025-12-12 |title=‘Uttar’ review: AI gets in the way of a moving mother-son relationship |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1089174/uttar-review-ai-gets-in-the-way-of-a-moving-mother-son-relationship |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Anupama Gunde of ''[[Pudhari]]'' gave 4/5 stars and says "the film is a deeply emotional story, showing how technology cannot replace a mother’s love. The performances are strong, and the film is a touching reminder for today’s generation to value emotions over tech."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Uttar Marathi Movie : संवेदनशील आई, तंत्रस्नेही तरूण मुलाच्या नात्याचं उत्तर |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/sensitive-mother-tech-savvy-son-relationship-ab96 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!{{Numero|abbr=on}}
!Title
!Singers
!Composers
!Lyrics
!Length
|-
|1
|''Ho aai!''
|[[Radhika Bhide]]
|[[Amitraj]]
|[[Kshitij Patwardhan]]
|3:31
|-
|2
|''Asen mi''
|[[Ronkini Gupta]]
|Tejas Joshi
|[[Kshitij Patwardhan]]
|2:49
|-
|3
|''Mechanical Nanya''
|{{n/a}}
|Aseem Kuhekar, Prateek Kelkar
|{{n/a}}
|4:35
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt38840387}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Films about mother–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]

Marikozhundhu

2026-05-04T04:41:34Z

NIULoyd091:

{{About|the Tamil film Marikozhundhu|the aromatic herb marikozhundhu|Artemisia pallens}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| caption =
| director = Pudhiyavan
| producer = P. Mahendar T. M. N. Karunanidhi
| writer = Pudhiyavan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ramesh Aravind]]|[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]]}}
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = Viswanatha Rai
| editing = K. R. Krishnan
| distributor =
| studio = A. K. M. Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|05|3}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Marikozhundhu''''' ({{translation|''[[Artemisia pallens]]''}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Pudhiyavan, an erstwhile assistant of [[Bharathiraja]]. The film stars [[Ramesh Aravind]] and [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]], with [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Vinu Chakravarthy]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Goundamani]] and [[Senthil]] playing supporting roles. The film is one of the few Tamil films that questioned the glamour surrounding fairness.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/features/marikozhundhu-a-film-that-questioned-the-glamour-surrounding-fairness|title=Marikozhundhu: A film that questioned the glamour surrounding fairness|first=N Vinoth|last=Kumar|date=27 June 2020|work=[[The Federal]]|access-date=23 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224093936/https://thefederal.com/features/marikozhundhu-a-film-that-questioned-the-glamour-surrounding-fairness|archive-date=24 December 2025|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> It was released on 3 May 1991,<ref>{{Cite web |title=மரிக்கொழுந்து / Marikozhundhu (1991) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/marikozhundhu |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Screen 4 Screen |archive-date=27 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227022741/https://screen4screen.com/movies/marikozhundhu |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> and was a box office failure.<ref name=":0" />

==Plot==

The film starts with the modern girl Chithra and her father Seenu getting off the train in a small village called Marikozhundhupatti. The villagers receive them with a lot of respect because of her late mother Marikozhundhu, Chithra is surprised by the welcome. Chithra's father finally tells what happened in the past.

Marikozhundhu lived a precarious life with her grandmother. Marikozhundhu was a kind-hearted person but she was not a good-looking woman, her dream was to get married as soon as possible. Seenu was a college student who lived with his mother in the city, for the holiday he always went to his father's village. There, Seenu was intrigued by the stubborn Marikozhundhu and he smiled each time he saw her, Marikozhundhu thought he loved her. Afterwards, the two had a sexual intercourse in the fields. At the village court, the elders arranged their marriage the next day. The day of the marriage, Marikozhundhu realized that Seenu seemed to dislike her and stopped the marriage. Seenu was in fact in love with his childhood sweetheart Uma. Seenu's father wanted his son to marry Uma, but his mother wanted her son to marry Marikozhundhu. Shortly after, Marikozhundhu became pregnant and her grandmother died.

One year later, Marikozhundhu gave birth to a baby girl. Seenu's father begged her to leave the village so that his son could marry Uma without any remorse. Marikozhundhu and her baby girl left the village, she then listened that the local factory owner had dumped toxic mercury waste from his factory into the village water. The village was close to celebrate a water ceremony, so Marikozhundhu tried to stop it but nobody believed her. Marikozhundhu had no choice than to drink the contaminated water thus she died. Seenu tied the [[Mangala sutra|thaali]] around her neck (synonym of marriage) just before she died.

Chithra breaks into tears after hearing the flashback, and she feels very proud of her late mother.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramesh Aravind]] as Seenu
*[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]] as Marikozhundhu and Chithra
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Seenu's mother
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Seenu's father
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
*[[Goundamani]] as a building constructor
*[[Senthil]] as the building constructor's assistant
*Radhabhai as Marikozhundhu's grandmother
*[[Anjana (actress)|Anjana]] as Uma
*[[M. R. Krishnamurthy]] as Accountant
*Bhavani as Ezhuthu
*[[Halwa Vasu|Vasu]] as Munusamy
*[[Joker Thulasi]]
*Gnanavel as Nattamai
*V. P. Rajan
*Poornima
*Shobana
*Supraja
*Naveena
*Vijay Ganesh
}}

==Soundtrack==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Marikolundhu (1991) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Marikolundhu-songs-T0003944 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427015353/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Marikolundhu-songs-T0003944 |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=[[Raaga.com]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Namma Ooru Poovatha - Marikozhundhu ( Tamil Vinyl Record by: Deva ) |url=https://www.lakshmimusicshop.com/item/shop/3075-namma-ooru-poovatha-marikozhundhu-tamil-vinyl-record-by-deva-index.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=lakshmimusicshop.com |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216083746/https://www.lakshmimusicshop.com/item/shop/3075-namma-ooru-poovatha-marikozhundhu-tamil-vinyl-record-by-deva-index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration
|-
| "Kannadhasane Kannadhasane" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || rowspan=2|[[Kamakodiyan]] || 4:36
|-
| "Yea Paatudhan" || [[S. Janaki]] || 4:37
|-
| "Enakenna Korachal" || [[S. P. Sailaja]] || rowspan="4" | [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 2:42
|-
| "Poonkuyil Nitham" || K. S. Chithra || 4:15
|-
| "Aalamarama Aalamarama" || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|1:13
|-
| "Theene Theraviyame" || K. S. Chithra
|1:02
|-
| "Thoda Thoda" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || Kamakodiyan || 5:02
|-
| "Andradam En Manam" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || rowspan=2|Vaali || 4:52
|-
| "Thulluvadho Elamai" || S. Janaki || 0:41
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1991 drama films]]
[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Indian films]]
[[Category:1991 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Denisha Ghumra

2026-05-02T08:39:55Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Denisha Ghumra
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|11|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jamnagar, Gujarat]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2019–present
}}

'''Denisha Ghumra''' (born 13 November 1995) is an Indian actress from [[Gujarat]], India. She is known for her role in [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati films]] ''[[Hellaro]]'' (2019), ''[[Saatam Aatham]]'' (2022) and Raktbeej (2022).

==Biography==
Denisha was born on 13 November 1995 in [[Jamnagar]], Gujarat. She received her school education from St Ann's High School in Jamnagar, and college education from KS School of Business Management and Upasna School of Performing Arts.

She debuted in 2019 Gujarati period drama film ''Hellaro'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/photo-denisha-ghumra-looks-cute-in-her-oversized-sweater/articleshow/72836583.cms|title=Photo: Denisha Ghumra looks cute in her oversized sweater|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-17|date=17 December 2019}}</ref> which won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=National Awards: Aditya Dhar gets best director for 'Uri', Gujarati movie 'Hellaro' wins Best Film |url=https://scroll.in/latest/933356/national-awards-aditya-dhar-gets-best-director-for-uri-gujarati-movie-hellaro-wins-best-film |access-date=9 August 2019 |work=Scroll.in |date=9 August 2019}}</ref> and she earned [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award]] for her performance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/dance-like-a-woman-gujarati-film-garba-hellaro-abhishek-shah-national-award-for-best-feature-film-iffi-goa-6107300/|title=The importance of garba in National Award-winning Gujarati film Hellaro|newspaper=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2022-07-24|date=10 November 2019}}</ref> The film has been theatrically released in India on 8 November 2019 to positive reviews and her acting is appreciated by the audiences.<ref name="Hellaro, a celluloid celebration of breaking free">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/hellaro/movie-review/71971460.cms|title=Hellaro, a celluloid celebration of breaking free|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Abhimanyu|last=Mishra|date=14 November 2019|accessdate=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="Hellaro">{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hellaro-national-award-winning-gujarati-film-is-a-beautiful-ode-to-female-desire-and-defiance-7678081.html|title=Hellaro, National Award-winning Gujarati film, is a beautiful ode to female desire and defiance|website=www.firstpost.com}}</ref> She later acted in Hardik Parikh's Raktbeej, and in [[Shital Shah]]'s [[Saatam Aatham]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/shital-shah-is-overwhelmed-by-the-audiences-response-to-saatam-aatham-exclusive/articleshow/92742166.cms|title=Shital Shah is overwhelmed by the audience's response to 'Saatam Aatham'- Exclusive!|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-17|date=8 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/denisha-ghumra|title=Denisha Ghumra|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-17|date=8 July 2022}}</ref> Her film ''Bharat Maro Desh Che'' directed by Bhavin Trivedi has been selected in International Gujarati Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/denisha-ghumra-and-bhavin-trivedi-on-the-selection-of-bharat-maro-desh-che-at-igff-exclusive/articleshow/91547310.cms|title=Denisha Ghumra and Bhavin Trivedi on the selection of 'Bharat Maro Desh Che' at IGFF- Exclusive!|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-18|date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/exclusive-denisha-ghumra-every-citizen-of-a-country-has-the-right-to-say-india-is-my-country-and-all-indians-are-my-brothers-and-sisters/articleshow/79410006.cms|title=Exclusive! Denisha Ghumra: Every citizen of a country has the right to say, 'India is my country and all Indians are my brothers and sisters'|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-18|date=25 November 2020}}</ref>

== Awards and accolades ==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1em;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:39em;"| Award
! scope="col" style="width:29em;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:39em;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Result
! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2019
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award - Special Jury Award (Feature film)|Special Jury Award]]
| ''[[Hellaro]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf|title=66th National Film Awards|last=|first=|date=|website=dff.gov.in|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809152118/https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf|archive-date=2019-08-09|access-date=}}</ref>
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[Hellaro]]'' || Radha
|-
| ''Neverland'' || Aditi
|-
| 2021 || ''Baadal Jal Baras Rahat'' || Young Swara
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2022 || ''[[Saatam Aatham]]'' || Vishakha
|-
| ''Raktbeej'' || Aadhya Shodhan
|-
| ''[[Raado]]'' <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/raado/movieshow/92202521.cms |title=Raado Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2026-01-22 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>||
|-
| ''Bharat Maro Desh Chhe'' || Devki
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Kutch Express (film)|Kutch Express]]'' || rowspan="2" | Kanchan
|-
| ''[[Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra]]''
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Nasoor (2024 Gujarati film)|Nasoor]]'' || Chhabbi
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Behrupiyo]]'' ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm9455357}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghumra, Denisha}}
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:People from Jamnagar]]

Anjaan (2014 film)

2026-04-30T21:15:08Z

NIULoyd091: Stub

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by N. Lingusamy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Anjaan 2014 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[N. Lingusamy]]
| producer = [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]] [[N. Subash Chandrabose]]
| story = N. Linguswamy
| screenplay = N. Linguswamy
| writer = [[Brinda Sarathy]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Suriya]] [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] [[Vidyut Jammwal]] [[Manoj Bajpayee]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = [[Thirrupathi Brothers]]
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2014 |title=UTV to co-produce Suriya's upcoming 'Anjaan' |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/utv-to-co-produce-suriya-s-upcoming-anjaan/article1-1172832.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115024543/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/utv-to-co-produce-suriya-s-upcoming-anjaan/article1-1172832.aspx |archive-date=15 January 2014 |access-date=14 January 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|8|14|[[Kuala Lumpur]]|2014|8|15|Worldwide}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| runtime = 160 minutes
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Anjaan''''' ({{Translation|Fearless Man}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anjaan |url=http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/E5CE8394004B4721 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412024006/http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/E5CE8394004B4721 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[Irish Film Classification Office]]}}</ref> written and directed by [[N. Lingusamy]] and produced by [[Thirupathi Brothers]] and distributed by [[UTV Motion Pictures]]. The film stars [[Suriya]], alongside [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], [[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]], [[Dalip Tahil]], [[Murali Sharma]], [[Joe Malloori]], [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Chetan Hansraj]], [[Sanjana Singh]] and [[Asif Basra]] in supporting roles. The film follows a man who arrives in [[Mumbai]] looking for his elder gangster brother and learns of the events behind his disappearance.

The project was reported in July 2012 marking the maiden collaboration with Suriya and Lingusamy and was set to begin production after the former's commitments on other films. [[Principal photography]] began on 20 November 2013 and was completed on 23 June 2014, where the film was predominantly shot in Mumbai, with the exception of one song sequence which was filmed in [[Goa]]. The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], while cinematography and editing were handled by [[Santosh Sivan]] and [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]].

''Anjaan'' premiered at [[Kuala Lumpur]] on 14 August 2014, and theatrically released on 15 August 2014, coinciding with [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]]. The film received mixed reviews from critics with praise for Suriya's performance, action sequences, music and cinematography. Criticism was directed towards the plot and duration. A re-edited version of the film released on 28 November 2025.<ref name=":2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-27 |title=Anjaan Re-edited Review: Suriya-Lingusamy's drama gets a tighter cut that redeems the original |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/27/anjaan-re-edited-review-suriya-lingusamys-drama-gets-a-tighter-cut-that-redeems-the-original |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The film was later remade in [[Bangladeshi language|Bangladeshi]] as [[Captain Khan (film)|''Captain Khan'']] (2018).

==Plot==
Krishna, a disabled man, arrives in [[Mumbai]] from [[Kanyakumari]] to find his elder brother Raju. A taxi driver named Raja drives him to a bar, where he tries to inquire about Raju from the henchmen of Raju's former associate Amar, but is rebuffed. Raju's friend Rajiv tells him that Raju was a top gangster. Krishna meets Raju's old enemy JK, who reveals Raju spared his life when he could've killed him. JK tells Krishna about Karim Bhai, a close friend of Raju. Upon meeting Karim, Krishna learns about Raju's past.

In the past, Raju and his brotherly friend Chandru were powerful gangsters to whom Karim himself is a personal friend, while Johnny, Rajiv, Jackie, Manoj, and Amar are their henchmen. The new [[police commissioner]] R. Ashok Kumar tries to get rid of them, but Raju kidnaps Ashok's daughter Jeeva on the night of her marriage, in exchange for freeing his men. Ashok is forced to agree, but Jeeva explains that she did not want to get married, and her kidnapping is also her consent. Raju and Jeeva soon fall in love with each other. Raju and Chandru eventually meet Imran Bhai, a powerful [[crime boss]] from [[Dubai]], who initially praises them for their work but eventually insults and warns them.

Chandru takes the insult seriously and stays awake all night, but becomes delighted upon finding that Raju kidnapped him at the party itself. The duo meets Imran, who is held captive by Rajiv, and has their verbal revenge. A delighted Chandru gifts a new car to Raju, who later finds Jeeva inside. Chandru tells Raju to enjoy the vacation with Jeeva. During their vacation, Raju and Jeeva are attacked, but they manage to escape. Returning to his hood, Raju is shattered and enraged to find Chandru's mutilated corpse, and he orders Amar to accompany him in killing Imran. However, Amar betrays Raju, shooting him and throwing him into the water.

In the present, Krishna is told by Karim to stay hidden when Amar arrives at his taxi station, but is spotted and reveals that he killed Raju. Amar orders his henchmen to kill Krishna, but Krishna, who is revealed to be Raju, fights off everyone and shoots Amar dead. Raju tells Karim that he intends to stay as Krishna until his mission to hunt down the traitors is accomplished, and stays at Karim's house. Karim says that Chandru was supposed to meet JK on the day he died, and Jackie did not tag along. Raju finds Jackie at a horse-racing stadium and chases him, prompting Jackie to reveal that he tried to contact Raju (who was on vacation) and Chandru, but Johnny answered Chandru's call. Suspecting a mishap, Jackie escaped. Raju catches Johnny using the latter's girlfriend Sindhu and finds out what really happened to Chandru on that day.

On the day of the meeting between Chandru and JK, Imran and his henchmen arrive instead of JK. Chandru fights them off but is held by Johnny, Amar, and Manoj (who were bribed by Imran), and is stabbed to death by Imran. Raju calls Chandru to ask about his safety but is answered by Amar, who lied about Chandru being in a meeting.

Learning the truth, Raju kills Johnny and proceeds to kill Manoj, along with his henchmen, in an ensuing fight. Raju tries to kill Imran at his birthday party, but ends up shooting only his [[Projection augmented model|virtual projection]] telecast from Dubai. Raju and Karim learn that Imran's henchmen arrived at Karim's house and kidnapped his daughter Saira, but Karim reveals that Saira was actually Jeeva. Jeeva wanted to stay away and keep in touch with Raju by wearing a [[burqa]]. Raju goes to the spot, fights off all the henchmen, and rescues Jeeva, only to be captured and brought to Imran by his henchmen. Imran's henchmen betray him by helping Raju kill Imran, and Raju fatally stabs Imran to death, avenging Chandru's death. Before leaving, Raju shoots the henchmen and says that even enemies must not have traitors. Before leaving Mumbai, Raju and Jeeva meet Raja, who is shocked to learn that Krishna was Raju all along.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Suriya]] as Krishna / Raju Bhai
* [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] as Jeeva ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[M. M. Manasi]])
* [[Vidyut Jammwal]] as Chandru Bhai ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Abhinay]])
* [[Manoj Bajpayee]] as Imran Bhai ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]])
* [[Dalip Tahil]] as JK
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Raja
* [[Joe Malloori]] as Karim Bhai
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Johnny
* [[Asif Basra]] as Rajiv
* [[Chetan Hansraj]] as Manoj
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]] as [[Commissioner of Police|Commissioner]] R. Ashok Kumar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* Manoj Misra as Jackie
* Bobby Bedi as Amar
* [[Sanjana Singh]] as Sindhu
* [[Manobala]] as Director
* [[Pradeep Kabra]] as Local Goon
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Guru Shastri
* [[Rajeevan]] as himself ([[cameo appearance]])
* [[Chitrangada Singh]] as a [[bar dancer]] ([[item number]] in the song "Sirippu En")
* [[Maryam Zakaria]] as a [[bar dancer]] ([[item number]] in song "Bang Bang Bang")
{{colend}}

==Production==

===Development===
In July 2012, it was reported first that [[Suriya]] had signed on for a film directed and produced by [[N. Lingusamy]] under his [[Thirrupathi Brothers]] banner and that he would work on it after ''[[Maattrraan]]'' (2012) and ''[[Singam 2]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2012 |title=Suriya's next film with director Lingusamy! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-next-film-with-director-lingusamy/articleshow/14801634.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003153236/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-11/news-interviews/32619433_1_suriya-lingusamy-hari-s-singam |archive-date=3 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After the completion of both films, the actor was reported to work simultaneously with Lingusamy and director [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] for a film titled ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 2013 |title=Suriya to work with Gautham, Lingusamy simultaneously |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/suriya-to-work-with-gautham-lingusamy-simultaneously/article4614164.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185413/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/suriya-to-work-with-gautham-lingusamy-simultaneously/article4614164.ece |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Suriya waited for six months after ''Singam 2'', but failed to receive a complete script from Gautham Menon and no progress took place in this period of time. Owing to this reason, he opted out of Menon's film in October 2013 and announced that he would soon start work on Lingusamy's film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2013 |title=Suriya drops Gautham Menon's 'Dhruva Natchathiram' |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/suriya-drops-gautham-menon-s-dhruva-natchathiram-reg_144327.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221133722/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/suriya-drops-gautham-menon-s-dhruva-natchathiram-reg_144327.html |archive-date=21 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |publisher=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> The director confirmed the news and also stated the film would officially start filming from mid-November 2013.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2013 |title=Suriya & Lingusamy complete photo shoot! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-lingusami-complete-photo-shoot-news-tamil-nlpnaWhgfei.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118053243/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-lingusami-complete-photo-shoot-news-tamil-nlpnaWhgfei.html |archive-date=18 November 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

{{Quote box
| quote="When it was decided that Suriya and I will make a film together, I started narrating scripts to him. Like the fairy in Aesop's fable, I kept narrating stories one after the other but like the woodcutter, he kept saying 'This is not mine' even when I showed him the gold one! And, suddenly, I remembered the one-line story I'd told Karthi. So, in one week, I discussed with my team and readied a proper script. I gave a one-and-a-half-hour narration to Suriya and when I finished, he said, 'This is what I was looking for'. That seemed like a sign from above for me to go into this project without any doubts."
| source = — [[N. Lingusamy]]<ref name=":6" />
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}

Lingusamy recalled that when he decided to collaborate with Suriya, he had narrated multiple scripts, which the latter rejected it. After he remembered the one-line narration he had written for [[Karthi]], he then discussed with his team and prepared a script based on it which Suriya was impressed by the narration.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2014-08-15 |title=Anjaan isn't a realistic depiction of gangsters' lives |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-isnt-a-realistic-depiction-of-gangsters-lives/articleshow/40271534.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817061320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-isnt-a-realistic-depiction-of-gangsters-lives/articleshow/40271534.cms |archive-date=2014-08-17 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He added that the script was written specifically for Suriya, where unlike his other action films which were character-driven, Lingusamy made it with a mass appeal where "his very presence on screen should have fans clapping and whistling", in comparison with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]'s ''[[Pokkiri]]'' and [[Ajith Kumar]]'s ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]'' (both 2007).<ref name=":6" /> Lingusamy stated that the gangster element was mostly a backdrop, while "the story is more about friendship, romance and twists and turns",<ref name=":6" /> while further adding that since the protagonist is from the underworld, the film was set in Mumbai, and not about a realistic depiction of gangster's lives.<ref name=":6" />

[[S. D. Vijay Milton]] was initially roped in as the film's cinematographer in June 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2013 |title=Vijay in Suriya-Lingusamy project |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-20/news-interviews/40092553_1_suriya-lingusamy-vijay-milton2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131209103238/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-20/news-interviews/40092553_1_suriya-lingusamy-vijay-milton2013 |archive-date=9 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> but in that October he was replaced by [[Santosh Sivan]], who collaborates with Lingusamy for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2013 |title=Santosh Sivan signs up for Suriya film |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/santosh-sivan-signs-up-for-suriya-film-news-tamil-nkglzxbbdeb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009133105/http://www.sify.com/movies/santosh-sivan-signs-up-for-suriya-film-news-tamil-nkglzxbbdeb.html |archive-date=9 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Lingusamy further renewed his norm technicians, which includes music director [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], editor [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]], production designer [[Rajeevan]], action director [[Stunt Silva]] and dialogue writer [[Brinda Sarathy]].<ref name="Anj1">{{Cite news |date=20 October 2013 |title=Suriya-Lingusamy film to go on floors |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-17/news-interviews/43143404_1_lingusamy-suriya-film |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019094745/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-17/news-interviews/43143404_1_lingusamy-suriya-film |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In September 2013, reports surfaced that the film would be titled ''Rowdy'', which Lingusamy dismissed it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-21 |title=Suriya-Lingusamy flick titled 'Rowdy'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-lingusamy-flick-titled-rowdy/articleshow/22839835.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125055724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-lingusamy-flick-titled-rowdy/articleshow/22839835.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-24 |title=Lingusamy clarifies on Suriya's film title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/lingusamy-clarifies-on-suriyas-film-title/articleshow/22941425.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125055752/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/lingusamy-clarifies-on-suriyas-film-title/articleshow/22941425.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film began production without a title, before the official title ''Anjaan'' was announced in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2014 |title='Anjaan' is the title of Suriya's next film |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anjaan-is-the-title-of-suriya-s-next-film-news-tamil-obnwhdidaga.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114133747/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjaan-is-the-title-of-suriya-s-next-film-news-tamil-obnwhdidaga.html |archive-date=14 January 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2014 |title=Suriya's upcoming film is titled 'Anjaan' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriyas-upcoming-film-is-titled-Anjaan/articleshow/28840547.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118153713/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriyas-upcoming-film-is-titled-Anjaan/articleshow/28840547.cms |archive-date=18 January 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The same month, a press statement from Thirrupathi Brothers revealed that [[UTV Motion Pictures]] would co-produce and distribute the film, in their second consecutive collaboration with the banner after ''[[Vettai]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-01-15 |title=Suriya's new look |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/suriyas-new-look/article5578516.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118093133/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/suriyas-new-look/article5578516.ece |archive-date=2014-01-18 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-15 |title=UTV to co-produce Suriya's Tamil film 'Anjaan' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/utv-to-co-produce-suriyas-tamil-film-anjaan-661976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125082641/https://www.news18.com/news/india/utv-to-co-produce-suriyas-tamil-film-anjaan-661976.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Casting===
Suriya was said to possess dual roles with two different appearances for filming.<ref name="Sify.com">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2014 |title=Suriya in a deadly dual role in 'Anjaan' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-in-a-deadly-dual-role-in-anjaan-news-tamil-odsocTfjeda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318125113/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-in-a-deadly-dual-role-in-anjaan-news-tamil-odsocTfjeda.html |archive-date=18 March 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The first of his appearance, being a "raw and jagged look" according to Lingusamy, where he would be seen growing beard for his role, whereas his other look not being revealed and kept as a surprise.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-17 |title=Two looks for Suriya in Lingusamy's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/two-looks-for-suriya-in-lingusamys-film/articleshow/24255297.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610000115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/two-looks-for-suriya-in-lingusamys-film/articleshow/24255297.cms2 |archive-date=2016-06-10 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-29 |title=Is this Suriya's second look in Anjaan? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-this-suriyas-second-look-in-anjaan/articleshow/32850170.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909204511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-this-suriyas-second-look-in-anjaan/articleshow/32850170.cms |archive-date=2019-09-09 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In November 2012, it was reported that [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] has been cast as the female lead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-11-06 |title=Samantha bags a biggie with Suriya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/samantha-bags-a-biggie-with-suriya/articleshow/17115469.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Vidyut Jammwal]] was confirmed to play an important role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-29 |title=Vidyut Jamwal: Anjaan Will be the Biggest Commercial Hit |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vidyut-jamwal-anjaan-will-be-the-biggest-commercial-hit-641399 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227190243/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vidyut-jamwal-anjaan-will-be-the-biggest-commercial-hit-641399 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref> Speaking to Srinivasa Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'', Jammwal added that he met Lingusamy at the after-party of an award function where the latter was interested to cast him for the film. Soon after, he received a call from the production house and eventually auditioned for an important role in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=2014-07-23 |title=Ajith is a charmer: Vidyut |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ajith-is-a-charmer-vidyut/article6242018.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125061726/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ajith-is-a-charmer-vidyut/article6242018.ece |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> Though he was not playing an antagonist role unlike his previous films, Jammwal revealed that: "Suriya and my characters are partners in crime, brothers in arms. It's a role I haven't done before and I'm really excited about it."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=Shruti |date=2014-08-20 |title=I don't follow a strict set regimen: Vidyut Jamwal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-dont-follow-a-strict-set-regimen-vidyut-jamwal/articleshow/40495150.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821101620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-dont-follow-a-strict-set-regimen-vidyut-jamwal/articleshow/40495150.cms |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

[[Manoj Bajpayee]] was reported to be playing the film's antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2013 |title=Manoj, Vidyut in Suriya's next with Lingusamy |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Manoj-Vidyut-in-Suriyas-next-with-Lingusamy/articleshow/25322609.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107015509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Manoj-Vidyut-in-Suriyas-next-with-Lingusamy/articleshow/25322609.cms |archive-date=7 November 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Dalip Tahil]] was signed on for the role of a small, but powerful don in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 December 2013 |title=Dalip Tahil to play a don in Suriya's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Dalip-Tahil-to-play-a-don-in-Suriyas-film/articleshow/27026221.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207223123/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Dalip-Tahil-to-play-a-don-in-Suriyas-film/articleshow/27026221.cms |archive-date=7 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] was initially approached to play a comedic role in the film but could not take up the offer as a result of date clashes with ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2014 |title=Vivekh reveals how he got Ajith flick |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vivekh-reveals-how-he-got-Ajith-flick/articleshow/34048127.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422161623/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vivekh-reveals-how-he-got-Ajith-flick/articleshow/34048127.cms |archive-date=22 April 2014 |access-date=21 April 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2014 |title=Vivekh teams up with Suriya and Lingusamy |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vivekh-teams-up-with-Suriya-and-Lingusamy/articleshow/30224083.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315225308/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vivekh-teams-up-with-Suriya-and-Lingusamy/articleshow/30224083.cms |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Instead, he was replaced by [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] in March 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2014 |title=Soori joins 'Anjaan' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soori-joins-anjaan-news-tamil-odsko3gbiie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319011952/http://www.sify.com/movies/soori-joins-anjaan-news-tamil-odsko3gbiie.html |archive-date=19 March 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Sana Khan]] was approached to do a special number in the film but she declined the offer as she prioritized to promote her Bollywood film ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2013 |title=Sana gives Suriya-Lingusamy film a miss to focus on Salman's B'wood project |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sana-gives-Suriya-Lingu-film-a-miss-to-focus-on-Salmans-Bwood-project/articleshow/27243877.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213153301/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sana-gives-Suriya-Lingu-film-a-miss-to-focus-on-Salmans-Bwood-project/articleshow/27243877.cms |archive-date=13 December 2013 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Actress [[Maryam Zakaria]] was chosen to do an [[item number]] in the film.<ref name="Anj2" /> [[Chitrangada Singh]] was chosen for another item number after discussions to have [[Sonakshi Sinha]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]], in the song were unsuccessful.<ref name="Anj3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2014 |title=Kareena: I don't know who Suriya is |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kareena-i-dont-know-who-suriya-is/20140409.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205410/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kareena-i-dont-know-who-suriya-is/20140409.htm |archive-date=25 February 2018 |access-date=21 April 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]}}</ref>

===Filming===

In mid-October 2013, a test shoot occurred with Suriya and Malavika Rampradeep, a Bharatanatyam dancer, at the [[Prasad Studios]] in Chennai, where Sivan used the [[Red Digital Cinema Camera Company#Epic Dragon and Scarlet Dragon|Red Dragon 6K Digital camera]] along with a high zoom lens.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2013 |title=Santosh Sivan gets experimental |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Santosh-Sivan-gets-experimental/articleshow/24339191.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195027/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-19/news-interviews/43199095_1_suriya-camera-test |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2014 |title=Shotcuts: Red is ready |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shotcuts-red-is-ready/article5247768.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227081612/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shotcuts-red-is-ready/article5247768.ece |archive-date=27 February 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Sivan reported that it was the first film in the word to be shot with this camera, a technology which had not been used in Hollywood films.<ref name="lingupsify">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=Suriya, Lingusamy & Santosh Sivan to create history |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-lingusamy-santosh-sivan-to-create-history-news-tamil-nkqvgIhefgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019003613/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-lingusamy-santosh-sivan-to-create-history-news-tamil-nkqvgIhefgd.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |date=11 August 2014 |title=Santosh Sivan: I had fun filming Anjaan |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-santosh-sivan-i-had-fun-filming-anjaan-south/20140811.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125060452/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-santosh-sivan-i-had-fun-filming-anjaan-south/20140811.htm |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |language=en}}</ref> On 15 November, Suriya completed a photo-shoot of the film which was done by still photographer [[Venket Ram]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2013 |title=Photo shoot of Suriya's next wrapped up |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Photo-shoot-of-Suriyas-next-wrapped-up/articleshow/25824932.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321180359/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Photo-shoot-of-Suriyas-next-wrapped-up/articleshow/25824932.cms |archive-date=21 March 2014 |access-date=9 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
[[File:MumbaiMontage.png|alt=A collage of images depicting a city|left|thumb|The film was predominantly shot in [[Mumbai]]]]
[[Principal photography]] began on 20 November 2013 in [[Mumbai]] with a proposed month-long schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2013 |title=Suriya's untitled film starts in Mumbai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriyas-untitled-film-starts-in-mumbai-news-tamil-nlulLIfaebf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122202036/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriyas-untitled-film-starts-in-mumbai-news-tamil-nlulLIfaebf.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> In December 2013, filming halted as Samantha developed a mild skin irritation as a result of shooting in extreme heat conditions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-02 |title=I'm only human, can't I fall sick for two days? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/im-only-human-cant-i-fall-sick-for-two-days/articleshow/26695944.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013113331/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/im-only-human-cant-i-fall-sick-for-two-days/articleshow/26695944.cms |archive-date=2018-10-13 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> This resulted the lead actors and the unit to return to Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Samantha hits back at her detractors! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-hits-back-at-her-detractors-news-tamil-nmclVjedgbh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204103424/http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-hits-back-at-her-detractors-news-tamil-nmclVjedgbh.html |archive-date=4 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Filming resumed a few days later, with an intro song ("Bang Bang Bang") being shot with Suriya, Jammwal and Zakaria.<ref name="Anj2">{{Cite news |date=11 January 2014 |title=I would love to act with Suriya: Maryam Zakaria |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/I-would-love-to-act-with-Suriya-Maryam-Zakaria/articleshow/28636840.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113135109/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/I-would-love-to-act-with-Suriya-Maryam-Zakaria/articleshow/28636840.cms |archive-date=13 January 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A specially constructed set was erected at [[Borivali]] to shoot the song, which costed them {{INRConvert|80|l}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2013 |title=Suriya shoots intro song in Mumbai! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Suriya-shoots-intro-song-in-Mumbai/articleshow/27626586.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219194749/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Suriya-shoots-intro-song-in-Mumbai/articleshow/27626586.cms |archive-date=19 December 2013 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming continued in late December, where the team shot some "breezy, lighthearted sequences" featuring Suriya and Samantha.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-27 |title=Lingusamy, Santosh Sivan ape Suriya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/lingusamy-santosh-sivan-ape-suriya/articleshow/27998802.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The latter had participated for the shoot for ten days due to her commitments for filming in ''[[Rabhasa]]''.<ref name=":1" /> The first schedule was wrapped in early January 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2014 |title=Suriya-Lingusamy first schedule wrapped |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriya-Lingusamy-first-schedule-wrapped/articleshow/28472500.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110234350/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-06/news-interviews/45917234_1_next-schedule-suriya-lingusamy-film |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Filming for the second schedule commenced in late-January.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2014 |title=Samantha happy with focused 'Anjaan' team |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/samantha-happy-with-focused-anjaan-team-114012800772_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810070057/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/samantha-happy-with-focused-anjaan-team-114012800772_1.html |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=10 March 2014 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> In early February, the crew filmed a song sequence featuring Suriya and Samantha ("Ek Do Teen") in [[Panchgani]] where the song was shot for seven days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2014 |title=Suriya's Sivaji connect |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriyas-Sivaji-connect/articleshow/29769973.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423223905/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Suriyas-Sivaji-connect/articleshow/29769973.cms |archive-date=23 April 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2014 |title=Samantha completes 'Anjaan' song |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-completes-Anjaan-song/articleshow/30040237.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430233249/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Samantha-completes-Anjaan-song/articleshow/30040237.cms |archive-date=30 April 2014 |access-date=19 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After a brief break, the team started filming for the third schedule on 5 March 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2014 |title='Anjaan' third schedule begins in Mumbai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Anjaan-third-schedule-begins-in-Mumbai/articleshow/31463758.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515130203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Anjaan-third-schedule-begins-in-Mumbai/articleshow/31463758.cms |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=19 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> An item number featuring Bajpayee and Singh ("Sirippu En") was shot in this schedule.<ref name="Anj3">{{Cite news |date=20 March 2014 |title=Chitrangada does an item song in Suriya's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Chitrangada-does-an-item-song-in-Suriyas-film/articleshow/32303188.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930060403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Chitrangada-does-an-item-song-in-Suriyas-film/articleshow/32303188.cms |archive-date=30 September 2018 |access-date=20 March 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 30 March 2014, the team canned few action sequences at the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] train station but was halted in the afternoon due to protesters shouting slogans against Lingusamy and Sivan. They demanded on the removal of [[Ceylon (film)|''Inam'']] from theatres, which Lingusamy had distributed. Lingusamy then sorted out the issues with the protestors on their demands and restarted filming the following day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-01 |title=Anjaan shoot halted due to Inam controversy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-shoot-halted-due-to-inam-controversy/articleshow/33022781.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912232007/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-shoot-halted-due-to-inam-controversy/articleshow/33022781.cms |archive-date=2023-09-12 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In mid-April, the team left to [[Goa]] for filming few portions with the lead actors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-16 |title=What was Samantha doing in Goa? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/what-was-samantha-doing-in-goa/articleshow/33897093.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> It was further reported that Samantha had completed filming her talkie portions, with only one song being left to be filmed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-18 |title=Samantha set to wrap up Suriya's Anjaan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samantha-set-to-wrap-up-suriyas-anjaan/articleshow/33906141.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125065845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samantha-set-to-wrap-up-suriyas-anjaan/articleshow/33906141.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> During this schedule, Suriya suffered a minor ligament tear in his knees after a fighter who weighed about 120 kg fell from a height on his leg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=Suriya injured on the sets of 'Anjaan'? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140428/entertainment-kollywood/article/suriya-injured-sets-anjaan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212611/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140428/entertainment-kollywood/article/suriya-injured-sets-anjaan |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=12 August 2014 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> This resulted in the actor taking a break from filming.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-08 |title=Suriya takes a long break |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/suriya-takes-a-long-break/articleshow/34820118.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125070721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/suriya-takes-a-long-break/articleshow/34820118.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The team then resumed the final schedule in early June with the song "Oru Kan JaadaI" being filmed at the [[Morjim]] and [[Miramar, Goa|Miramar]] beaches of Goa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=10 June 2014 |title='Anjaan' team has a blast in Goa |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Anjaan-team-has-a-blast-in-Goa/articleshow/36340105.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613180844/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Anjaan-team-has-a-blast-in-Goa/articleshow/36340105.cms |archive-date=13 June 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In mid-June, the team left to Mumbai for patchwork filming which was completed by 21 June 2014.<ref name=":2" />

==Music==
{{Main|Anjaan (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack and the score for the film were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, making ''Anjaan'' the fourth collaboration between Yuvan and Lingusamy. The soundtrack album features five tracks, written by [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]], [[Na. Muthukumar]], [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]] and [[Madhan Karky]]. The album was released on 23 July 2014 with positive reviews. The male portion of one of the songs, "Ek Do Theen", was sung by [[Suriya]] and became his first attempt at [[playback singing]].<ref name="The Hindu(2014-07-22)">{{Cite web |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=2014-07-22 |title=A musical treat for Suriya fans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-musical-treat-for-suriya-fans/article6237873.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044941/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-musical-treat-for-suriya-fans/article6237873.ece |archive-date=2014-11-29 |access-date=2014-08-10 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The film's title design and logo were released on 30 April 2014,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-30 |title=Suriya's Anjaan title logo revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-title-logo-revealed/articleshow/34414187.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402023554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-title-logo-revealed/articleshow/34414187.cms |archive-date=2017-04-02 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> followed by the first look posters of the film on [[May Day]], 1 May 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-01 |title=Anjaan first look posters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-first-look-posters/articleshow/34465083.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721132520/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjaan-first-look-posters/articleshow/34465083.cms |archive-date=2014-07-21 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2014-05-02 |title=First Look: Suriya's Anjaan |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-suriyas-anjaan-south/20140501.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505134942/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-suriyas-anjaan-south/20140501.htm |archive-date=2014-05-05 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |language=en}}</ref> A [[behind-the-scenes]] program was aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on the same date.<ref name=":3" /> The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was launched along with that of [[Kamal Haasan]]-starrer ''[[Uttama Villain]]'' during the [[8th Vijay Awards]] held on 5 July 2014 and was simultaneously uploaded to [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-24 |title=Suriya's Anjaan teaser release announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-teaser-release-announced/articleshow/37124272.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-teaser-release-announced/articleshow/37124272.cms |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-05 |title=Suriya's Anjaan teaser released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-teaser-released/articleshow/37907802.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709124015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-teaser-released/articleshow/37907802.cms |archive-date=2014-07-09 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The teaser met with positive reception and crossed one million views within 48 hours of its release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 July 2014 |title='Anjaan' teaser reaches 1 million views |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Tamil/Movies/News-Interviews/Anjaan-teaser-reaches-a-million-views/articleshow/37998886.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709080808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Anjaan-teaser-reaches-a-million-views/articleshow/37998886.cms |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=8 July 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The teaser success function was held on 8 July 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-08 |title=Suriya: I Plan to Join Social Media Soon |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-i-plan-to-join-social-media-soon-640637 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519132459/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-i-plan-to-join-social-media-soon-640637 |archive-date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-08 |title=Plan to join social media soon, says Suriya |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/plan-to-join-social-media-soon-says-suriya-114070801198_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125075122/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/plan-to-join-social-media-soon-says-suriya-114070801198_1.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> The [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] of the film was released on 8 August 2014 and aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun Music]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Tamil/Movies/News/Suriyas-Anjaan-trailer-tomorrow/articleshow/39804898.cms "Suriya's 'Anjaan' trailer tomorrow"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807180228/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriyas-Anjaan-trailer-tomorrow/articleshow/39804898.cms|date=7 August 2014}}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/tv/Sun-Music-airs-Anjaan-trailer-launch/articleshow/39868285.cms "Sun Music airs 'Anjaan' trailer launch"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813023339/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/tv/Sun-Music-airs-Anjaan-trailer-launch/articleshow/39868285.cms|date=13 August 2014}}. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.</ref>

The official game titled ''Anjaan Race Wars'' was developed by Vroovy, a joint venture between [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]] and Gameshastra, who had previously developed and released the official movie games of ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' (2014). It was released on 29 July 2014 with a launch event for the game being held in Chennai.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2014 |title='Anjaan' game launched in Chennai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Anjaan-game-launched-in-Chennai/articleshow/39292398.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805062228/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Tamil/Movies/News/Anjaan-game-launched-in-Chennai/articleshow/39292398.cms |archive-date=5 August 2014 |access-date=9 August 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The game play revolved around Suriya chasing the goons in a car. The features of the game included two types of AI – One of them shooting and the other ones try to run away, 5 different cars, including [[Hummer]], featured in the game. Power-ups included Nitro, [[Fuel]], [[Ammo]], Instant repair and [[Shield]], while the weapons included [[Pistol]] and [[Shotgun]]. The game is available on [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]] operating systems.<ref name=":4" />

Lingusamy and Suriya went to promote the film in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-02 |title=What did Suriya do in Kochi? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/what-did-suriya-do-in-kochi/articleshow/39535252.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709204101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/what-did-suriya-do-in-kochi/articleshow/39535252.cms |archive-date=2015-07-09 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Two days before the film's release, Samantha and Lingusamy promoted the film at [[The Forum Vijaya]] Mall in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' at The Forum |url=http://chennaionline.com/City360/Events/20143113123107/Anjaan-at-The-Forum.col |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813220955/http://chennaionline.com/City360/Events/20143113123107/Anjaan-at-The-Forum.col |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> The entire crew of the film, including Suriya, Vidyut Jamwal, Lingusamy, Brinda Sarathy and Yuvan Shankar Raja, attended the premiere of the film at [[Kuala Lumpur]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |date=14 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' team to celebrate premiere in Malaysia |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Anjaan-team-to-celebrate-premiere-in-Malaysia/articleshow/40267268.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817115831/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Anjaan-team-to-celebrate-premiere-in-Malaysia/articleshow/40267268.cms |archive-date=17 August 2014 |access-date=14 August 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Release==

''Anjaan'' [[premiere]]d at [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] on 14 August 2014,<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> and was theatrically released on 15 August coinciding with [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]].<ref name="thehindu1" /> The film premiered around over 1,500 screens in South India and overseas, becoming the widest release for a Suriya's film.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2014-08-13 |title=Suriya's Anjaan first south Indian film to release worldwide in digital |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-anjaan-south-indian-film-digital-worldwide-release-203874-2014-08-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621075933/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-anjaan-south-indian-film-digital-worldwide-release-203874-2014-08-13 |archive-date=2024-06-21 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> It reportedly set a record for the pre-release business of Tamil films as it made around {{INRConvert|87|c}} from its distribution, satellite and music rights.<ref name="Budget">{{Cite web |date=12 August 2014 |title=What Are Prices Of Surya's 'Sikandar' Distribution, Satellite Rights? |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2014/what-are-prices-of-surya-sikandar-distribution-satellite-156679.html#slide811689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813044734/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2014/what-are-prices-of-surya-sikandar-distribution-satellite-156679.html#slide811689 |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 |website=[[Oneindia.in|OneIndia]]}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> The overseas distribution rights for the film were acquired by United India Exports,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-09 |title=Demand for Suriya high abroad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/demand-for-suriya-high-abroad/articleshow/36287204.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125082328/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/demand-for-suriya-high-abroad/articleshow/36287204.cms |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as well as the Andhra Pradesh and Telangana theatrical rights for the dubbed version Sikandar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-30 |title=Samantha's Anjaan is Sikander in Telugu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samanthas-anjaan-is-sikander-in-telugu/articleshow/36209967.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203105709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samanthas-anjaan-is-sikander-in-telugu/articleshow/36209967.cms |archive-date=2016-02-03 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> being acquired by Sridhar Lagadapati under Larsco Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-15 |title=Sikander to Rajini's Basha: Lagadapati Sridhar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sikander-to-rajinis-basha-lagadapati-sridhar/articleshow/40280040.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The television rights were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] for {{INRConvert|16|c}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2014 |title=Sun TV grabs 'Anjaan' TV rights |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Sun-TV-Grabs-Rights-for-Anjaan/2014/05/01/article2198491.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605113455/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Sun-TV-Grabs-Rights-for-Anjaan/2014/05/01/article2198491.ece |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2015 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

To counter unauthorized copying, the owners decided that the film would release only through digital screens and no physical print was allowed for screening it anywhere. Since the film was shot with [[6K resolution]], physical prints offered no additional quality anyway. The makers wanted only digital projection of ''Anjaan'', enabling its makers to easily find the sources of leaks through identifying codes.<ref name="thehindu1">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' biggest release for Suriya |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/anjaan-biggest-release-for-suriya/article6307916.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044935/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/anjaan-biggest-release-for-suriya/article6307916.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=12 August 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> As a result of this initiative, ''Anjaan'' became the first Indian film which had a 100% digital release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' goes 100% digital, release on Aug 15th |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anjaan-goes-100-digital-release-on-aug-15th-news-tamil-oiljkRhighdjg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812173855/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjaan-goes-100-digital-release-on-aug-15th-news-tamil-oiljkRhighdjg.html |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=12 August 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Post-release, 20 minutes of the film had been trimmed due to negative reception over the film's length.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=2014-08-18 |title=Suriya's Anjaan trimmed by 20 minutes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-trimmed-by-20-minutes/articleshow/40387947.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820000910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-anjaan-trimmed-by-20-minutes/articleshow/40387947.cms |archive-date=2014-08-20 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The comedic portions featuring [[Brahmanandam]] were excluded in the original version, while his scenes were retained in the Telugu-dubbed version.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=2014-08-18 |title=Anjaan trimmed by 20 minutes |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140818/entertainment-kollywood/article/anjaan-trimmed-six-minutes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008193153/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140818/entertainment-kollywood/article/anjaan-trimmed-six-minutes |archive-date=2014-10-08 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
''Anjaan'' collected {{INRConvert|15.03|c}} from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]] regions during the first two days of its release, whereas the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version ''Sikandar'' collected {{INRconvert|4.28|c}} on its first day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-17 |title=Suriya's 'Anjaan' collection: Rs 15.03 cr in two days, opens good at overseas too |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/suriya-anjaan-collects-rs-15-cr-in-two-days-16401.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819190240/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/suriya-anjaan-collects-rs-15-cr-in-two-days-16401.html |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[India TV News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-18 |title=Anjaan mints Rs. 15.03 crore in two days |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/anjaan-mints-rs-15-03-crore-in-two-days/story-ArFJNCXXaGf4gnl00t6V9L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020151104/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/anjaan-mints-rs-15-03-crore-in-two-days/story-ArFJNCXXaGf4gnl00t6V9L.html |archive-date=2015-10-20 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> ''Anjaan'' also collected {{INRconvert|45|c}} on its opening weekend worldwide, with {{INRconvert|30|c}} from the domestic regions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Anjaan + Sikindar Total Worldwide Opening Weekend Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=629&cid=6&fid=845 |website=Andhra Box Office}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-19 |title=మూడు రోజుల్లో 30 కోట్లు |trans-title=Anjaan mints 30 crores in the box-office |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/anjaan-mints-30-crores-in-the-box-office-159007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125094515/https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/anjaan-mints-30-crores-in-the-box-office-159007 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

A re-edited version of the film was released in theatres on 28 November 2025. The re-release earned around {{INR}}50 lakh from Tamil Nadu on its first day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2025 |title=Anjaan Re Release: ரீ ரிலீஸில் தப்பியதா சூர்யாவின் 'அஞ்சான்'.. முதல் நாள் வசூல் எவ்வளவு தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/suriya-starrer-anjaan-day-1-re-release-box-office-collection-report-is-here-article-153223207/ |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>

===Critical response===

''Anjaan'' opened to mixed reviews from critics and audience with praise for Suriya's performance, action sequences, music and cinematography, but criticism directed towards the plot, screenplay and duration.<ref name=":7" />

M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave two stars out of five and wrote, "The film would have at least been bearable if it had taken only two hours to narrate the same plot, which often feels like an uninspiring retread of previous films".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=15 August 2014 |title=Anjaan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Anjaan/movie-review/40311605.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816204717/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Anjaan/movie-review/40311605.cms |archive-date=16 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A reviewer based at ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote, "Suriya gives an earnest performance in Anjaan, and there's absolutely no doubt about it. But he's let down by a weak script, terrible performances by the rest of the cast and lengthy narrative."<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2014 |title='Anjaan' fails to impress (Tamil Movie Review) |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/anjaan-fails-to-impress-tamil-movie-review-114081500721_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818081510/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/anjaan-fails-to-impress-tamil-movie-review-114081500721_1.html |archive-date=18 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated one star out of five, summarizing "a more imaginative script for Suriya – like that of ''[[Kaakha Kaakha|Kaaka Kaaka]]'' or ''[[Pithamagan]]'' could have saved the day."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gauthaman |date=16 August 2014 |title=Movie review: The gut-wrenching narrative of Anjaan is appalling |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-the-gut-wrenching-narrative-of-anjaan-is-appalling/story-6CqT21uw1oHAcDKH0bu8XI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021164332/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-the-gut-wrenching-narrative-of-anjaan-is-appalling/story-6CqT21uw1oHAcDKH0bu8XI.html |archive-date=21 October 2015 |access-date=21 October 2015 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film 40 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-21 |title=அஞ்சான் – சினிமா விமர்சனம் |trans-title=Anjaan – Film Review |url=https://www.vikatan.com/humour-and-satire/cinema/98038- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125092557/https://www.vikatan.com/humour-and-satire/cinema/98038- |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

[[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "It runs a posterior-numbing 170 minutes, and there isn’t one surprising moment — not one line of dialogue worth recalling, not one tune worth humming, not one action sequence worth upping the pulse for (they borrowed the doves from the John Woo films, but none of the moves), not one juicy character worth caring about [...] Lingusamy unleashes the technical arsenal and fractures the narrative and expects us to follow a trail of clues as if this were a twisty noir nail-biter, but it’s no use because the story has all the suspense of a housewife shopping for vegetables."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=16 August 2014 |title=Anjaan review: Don yawn |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/anjaan-review/article6324278.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803014932/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/anjaan-review/article6324278.ece |archive-date=3 August 2019 |access-date=3 August 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of [[Rediff.com]] gave two stars out of five and wrote "Director Lingusamy's attempt to recreate Superstar's epic ''Baasha'' with good looking stars and technical brilliance fails miserably."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=2014-08-15 |title=Review: Surya's Anjaan fails miserably |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-suryas-anjaan-fails-miserably-south/20140818.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820200053/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-suryas-anjaan-fails-miserably-south/20140818.htm |archive-date=2014-08-20 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |language=en}}</ref>

In contrast, Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated three and a half out of five, summarizing "It is high voltage revenge drama seen in umpteen numbers of films, but what makes the film work is Suriya’s stunning charisma combined with his incredible performance and glossy packaging of Lingusamy with all commercial elements including action, glam quotient, romance, friendship, humor, sentiments, vengeance in a fitting manner."<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=15 August 2014 |title=Movie Review 'Anjaan' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140816/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-anjaan-its-suriyas-show-all-way |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820171241/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140816/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-anjaan-its-suriyas-show-all-way |archive-date=20 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2016 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' rated three out of five and wrote, "On the whole, ''Anjaan'' is for those who seek unabashed entertainment and relish masala films."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140815172743/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjaan-review-tamil-15058127.html "Anjaan"]. ''[[Sify]]''. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</ref>

Rohini M. of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the re-edited version of the film 2.5/5 in 2025 and said, "Overall, the film has been tightened, trimmed and rearranged to offer a fresh experience for new viewers and a noticeably different one for those who have already watched it".<ref name=":2025" />

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of Ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|6–7 August 2015]]
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Tamil
|[[Vidyut Jammwal]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2015 |title=SIIMA Awards: 2015 Nominations |url=http://siima.in/nominees-2015.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616095000/http://siima.in/nominees-2015.php |archive-date=16 June 2015 |access-date=30 January 2016 |publisher=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best Fight Choreographer – Tamil
|[[Stunt Silva]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|Best Dance Choreographer – Tamil
|[[Raju Sundaram]] – ("Ek Do Theen")
| {{nom}}
|}

== Controversies ==
On 18 August 2014, [[Central Board of Film Certification]] CEO Rakesh Kumar was acquitted on the accounts of taking bribery for censor certification.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2014-08-22 |title=CBFC CEO Took Bribe for Not Cutting Scenes: CBI |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2014/Aug/22/cbfc-ceo-took-bribe-for-not-cutting-scenes-cbi-651149.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125102348/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2014/Aug/22/cbfc-ceo-took-bribe-for-not-cutting-scenes-cbi-651149.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-22 |title=Rakesh Kumar took bribe for not cutting scenes: CBI |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/rakesh-kumar-took-bribe-for-not-cutting-scenes-cbi/articleshow/40703355.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125102321/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/rakesh-kumar-took-bribe-for-not-cutting-scenes-cbi/articleshow/40703355.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It was reported that Kumar had taken a laptop and [[iPad]] to issue the certificate for the film and bribed on ₹50,000 for its Telugu version.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-25 |title=Did the studio bribe Censor Board CEO Rakesh Kumar to clear 'Anjaan'? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140825/entertainment-kollywood/article/did-studio-bribe-censor-board-ceo-rakesh-kumar-clear-anjaan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828214658/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140825/entertainment-kollywood/article/did-studio-bribe-censor-board-ceo-rakesh-kumar-clear-anjaan |archive-date=2014-08-28 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TNM |date=2014-08-24 |title=Surya's Anjaan cleared through bribery, CBI arrests Film Certificate CEO |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/archive/surya-s-anjaan-cleared-through-bribery-cbi-arrests-film-certificate-ceo-20343 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125102601/https://www.thenewsminute.com/archive/surya-s-anjaan-cleared-through-bribery-cbi-arrests-film-certificate-ceo-20343 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Internet memes ==
Due to the lackluster box office performance and dour critical reception, ''Anjaan'' inspired various [[internet meme]]s.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2014-08-24 |title=தமிழ் சினிமாவுக்கு அஞ்சான் கற்று தரும் பாடம் என்ன? |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/179962--3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125102859/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/179962--3.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> This was attributed to the film failing to live up to the fans' expectations, and the eventual disappointment after the first showing of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-21 |title=அஞ்சான்: ஆன்லைன் அமர்க்களம் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/11869-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125103310/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/11869-.html |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Notably, it was one of the first instances where a film was subjected to internet memes and trolls during the booming popularity of social media and meme culture in Tamil Nadu. Trade analysts and cinema enthusiasts also opined that the over-hyped promotions by the film's crew was also the main reason, and criticized the crew's decision to conduct a success meet for the teaser.<ref name=":8" />

A month after the film's theatrical run, an interview by Lingusamy about the making of the film resurfaced, and several of his statements went viral on social media.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-02 |title=Tamil e-forums go wild with memes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tamil-eforums-go-wild-with-memes/article6558288.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128055841/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tamil-eforums-go-wild-with-memes/article6558288.ece |archive-date=2014-11-28 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=Karthik |date=2014-09-23 |title=அத்துமீறுகிறதா ஆன்லைன் கலாய்ப்புகள்... வித்தைகளை இறக்கி டியூன் ஆக வேண்டியது யார்? |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/15968-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509080040/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/15968-.html |archive-date=2020-05-09 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> A page called "Lingusamy Memes" was created by users on [[Facebook]], trolling the director with the statements he gave in interviews.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-23 |title=Director Lingusamy gets trolled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-lingusamy-gets-trolled/articleshow/43214648.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925064710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-lingusamy-gets-trolled/articleshow/43214648.cms |archive-date=2014-09-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> [[Venkat Prabhu]] came forward to defend Lingusamy and criticized the trolls against him, questioning the audience on not making acclaimed films successful at times.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-24 |title=Venkat Prabhu ridicules fans on Lingusamy trolls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/venkat-prabhu-ridicules-fans-on-lingusamy-trolls/articleshow/43325390.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925071130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/venkat-prabhu-ridicules-fans-on-lingusamy-trolls/articleshow/43325390.cms |archive-date=2014-09-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Speaking to Srinivasa Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'', the director admitted that overdoing the publicity of the film had caused a negative effect and also felt embarrassed that the memes against him had reached his children.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=2014-12-07 |title=Anjaan and after |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Anjaan-and-after/article59835004.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407190933/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Anjaan-and-after/article59835004.ece |archive-date=2023-04-07 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> Sympathizing on how it impacted the director, the administrators came up with the decision to take down the troll page or rename it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TNM |date=2014-12-12 |title=FB page administrators apologetic over Lingusamy trolls |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/fb-page-administrators-apologetic-over-lingusamy-trolls-17918 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125112227/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/fb-page-administrators-apologetic-over-lingusamy-trolls-17918 |archive-date=2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-08 |title=Contrite, Lingusamy trolls offer to take down FB page |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-society/contrite-lingusamy-trolls-offer-to-take-down-fb-page/article6673694.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702152612/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-society/contrite-lingusamy-trolls-offer-to-take-down-fb-page/article6673694.ece |archive-date=2015-07-02 |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Financial issues ==
The film's underperformance caused Lingusamy's production house Thirrupathi Brothers to experience significant financial problems.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=2015-05-02 |title=Trouble in Kollywood |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uttama-villain-release-controversies/article7164723.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816183136/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uttama-villain-release-controversies/article7164723.ece |archive-date=2022-08-16 |access-date=2020-03-12 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> ''Uttama Villain'', the banner's subsequent production, was affected due to the financial issues, and its release, scheduled on 1 May 2015 was ultimately stalled due to non-payment of {{INRConvert|20|c}} dues. The film released the following day after the dues were cleared.<ref name=":12" /> This delayed release led to a loss of {{INRConvert|12|c}} and the film subsequently became a [[box-office bomb]] pushing the production house into further financial crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-17 |title=Delayed release impacts Kamal Haasan's 'Uttama Villain' at box office |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/delayed-release-impacts-kamal-haasans-uttama-villain-at-box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605120923/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/delayed-release-impacts-kamal-haasans-uttama-villain-at-box-office/ |archive-date=2015-06-05 |access-date=2021-07-15 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" />

== Remake ==
The film was remade in the [[Languages of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi language]] as [[Captain Khan (film)|''Captain Khan'']] (2018) directed by [[Wajed Ali Sumon]], starring [[Shakib Khan]] and [[Shobnom Bubly]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:'ক্যাপ্টেন খান' তামিল ছবির নকল? |url=http://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/news/354849/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817115721/http://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/news/354849/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2 |archive-date=2018-08-17 |access-date=2019-05-25 |work=[[Bangla Tribune]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Six films to hit cinemas this Eid-ul-Azha |url=http://www.newagebd.net/article/48810/six-films-to-hit-cinemas-this-eid-ul-azha |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502084408/http://www.newagebd.net/article/48810/six-films-to-hit-cinemas-this-eid-ul-azha |archive-date=2019-05-02 |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] |language=bn}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{N. Lingusamy}}
{{UTV Movies}}

[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 crime action films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Films about missing people]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Lingusamy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Panchgani]]
[[Category:India-exclusive video games]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:UTV Motion Pictures films]]

Bobby Seagull

2026-04-29T11:10:54Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|English maths teacher and television presenter (born 1984)}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|02|13|df=yes}}
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}}
| name = Bobby Seagull
| image = Bobby Seagull for Argos.jpg
| caption = Seagull in an advertisement for [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]]
| education = {{ubli|[[Eton College]]|[[University of Oxford]] (failed to complete)|[[Royal Holloway, University of London]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[Hughes Hall, Cambridge]] ([[Postgraduate Certificate in Education|PGCE]])|[[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}
| workplaces = [[East London Science School]]
}}

'''Jay Bobby Seagull''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}} (born 13 February 1984) is a British mathematics teacher, broadcaster and writer. He appeared on the television programme ''[[University Challenge]]'' in 2017, and in 2018 on ''Monkman & Seagull's Genius Guide to Britain.'' His second book, ''The Life-Changing Magic of Numbers'', was published in 2018.

==Early life and education==
Seagull, the second of his parents' four sons all of whom were called Jay, grew up in the [[London]] [[London Borough of Newham|Borough of Newham]].<ref name="CEonBS">{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/bobby-seagull-age-who-maths-12896245|title=... Bobby Seagull|author=Chris Elliott|date=14 April 2017|work=Emmanuel College's University Challenge star has revealed what it's like to become a celebrity|publisher=Cambridge News ("Cambridgeshire Live"), Waterbeach|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> His Malayali parents emigrated to [[East Ham]] from [[Kerala]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tes.com/news/bobby-seagull-teacher-who-wants-britain-love-maths|title=Bobby Seagull: The teacher who wants Britain to love maths|website=Tes|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b2cf993266c07b1ca7a812f/t/619ba70ede4b5577ecccb3cd/1637590798262/Quiz+Shows+and+Math+Anxiety+-+with+Bobby+Seagull.pdf|title=Quiz Shows and Math Anxiety - with Bobby Seagull|work=Numberphil|date=23 October 2020|accessdate=27 August 2025}}</ref> He said on episode ten of ''The Answer Trap'' that "my first name is Jay because in my family there's a South Indian tradition, so Jay Dave, Jay Bobby, Jay John, Jay Thomas, and then my family name is Jose, from Kerala in South India".<ref name="answertrap">{{cite episode|series=The Answer Trap|series-no=1|title=Episode 10|network=[[Channel 4]]|date=21 May 2021}}</ref> Asked by an interviewer in 2017 about his "pretty unusual" name, Bobby Seagull explained, "My dad was very taken by the book ''[[Jonathan Livingston Seagull]]''".<ref name="CEonBS" /> He attended St Michael's Primary School followed by [[St Bonaventure's]] in [[Upton Park, London|Upton Park]].<ref name=":0" /> He is a fan of local [[Association football|football]] club [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/may/16-may/how-west-ham-fan-bobby-seagull-using-football-make-maths-cool|title=How West Ham fan Bobby Seagull is using football to make maths cool|website=West Ham United F.C.|date=16 May 2018|access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>

When he was growing up, his father would take his boys regularly to East Ham Library, where Seagull was encouraged to find books that interested him.<ref name=":0" /> His headteacher was [[Michael Wilshaw]].<ref name=":0" /> After seeing an advertisement for sixth form scholarships at [[Eton College]], he subsequently applied and studied at Eton.<ref name=":0" /> Seagull started studying [[mathematics]] at [[Lady Margaret Hall]], [[University of Oxford]], but left his degree and graduated from [[Royal Holloway, University of London]].<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
After graduating from [[Royal Holloway, University of London]], Seagull joined [[Lehman Brothers]] as a trader.<ref name=":0" /> He was there during the [[2008 financial crisis]], and has spoken about the days before it filed for [[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|bankruptcy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jack |first=Simon |author-link=Simon Jack |date=29 April 2026 |title=A fresh financial crisis might be coming - but it won't play out like the last one |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp3p5l0nyevo |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> He left banking and worked as an [[accountant]] for [[PricewaterhouseCoopers|Pricewaterhouse Coopers]].<ref name=":0" /> During this time, Seagull was involved with voluntary work and training new graduates.<ref name=":0" />

Seagull did a [[Postgraduate Certificate in Education|PGCE]] at [[Hughes Hall, Cambridge]] and completed a master's degree in education at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]] whilst finishing his [[newly qualified teacher]] (NQT) year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.staff.admin.cam.ac.uk/features/the-university-challenge-star-propelled-by-a-love-of-maths|title=The University Challenge star propelled by a love of maths|last=Thomas|first=Glynn|date=2017-04-13|website=For staff|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> He has taught at [[Chesterton Community College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ratemyplacement.co.uk/case-studies/bobby-seagull|title=Rate My Placement - Guides on helping you find a placement or internship}}</ref> Cambridge and [[East London Science School]].<ref name=":0" /> Seagull is a part-time Maths teacher at a secondary school in London.<ref name=":0" /> He has created mathematics raps for his school classes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lichfieldfestival.org/news/young-critics-review-2019-bobby-seagull/|title=Young Critics Review 2019 - Bobby Seagull (by Jamie Robinson) {{!}} Lichfield Festival unique arts projects across the West Midlands|newspaper=Lichfield Festival Unique Arts Projects Across the West Midlands |language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> He is also leading a course on [[money management]] at the [[Open University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalnumeracy.org.uk/bobby-seagull-changing-attitudes|title=Numeracy doesn't end after school, it's something we use for the rest of our lives.|last=admin|date=2017-11-08|website=National Numeracy|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> Since the start of 2018, Seagull has been pursuing a [[doctorate]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] concerning [[Mathematical anxiety|"mathematical anxiety and phobia"]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridgemaths.org/blogs/seven-questions-with-bobby-seagull/|title=Seven questions with... Bobby Seagull {{!}} Cambridge Mathematics|website=www.cambridgemaths.org|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref>

He has been a [[columnist]] for the ''[[Financial Times]]'' since January 2018.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/aug/17/university-challenge-eric-monkman-bobby-seagull-bbc|title=University Challenge duo Eric Monkman and Bobby Seagull to star in BBC show|author=Amy Walker|date=17 August 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/bobby-seagull|title=Bobby Seagull|website=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> Seagull has since become a national campaigner to improve maths literacy.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/news/meet-bobby-seagull-the-east-london-genius-fighting-for-britain-to-love-maths-011519|title=Meet Bobby Seagull: the east London genius fighting for Britain to love maths|website=Time Out London|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09 |last1=Haidrani |first1=Salma }}</ref> He is concerned that in the [[United Kingdom]] it is acceptable to celebrate being bad at maths as if it is a badge of honour.<ref name=":0" /> He is also an advocate for maths teachers, supporting them in the creation of new materials and campaigning for better pay.<ref name=":0" /> He has said he wants to be the "Jamie Oliver of maths..Jamie Oliver helped to introduce healthy food in schools. I would love to be the equivalent for mathematics where I can help change how people nationally think about it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2018/08/14/news/university-challenge-s-bobby-seagull-says-he-turned-down-celebrity-big-brother-1406803/|title=University Challenge's Bobby Seagull says he turned down Celebrity Big Brother|date=2018-08-14|website=Irish News}}</ref> He has created maths puzzles for [[BBC]] [[Bitesize]], as well as working with [[Rachel Riley]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/articles/zrbsfcw | title=Challenge Your Brain with Bobby Seagull's Maths Puzzles | work=Bitesize | publisher=[[BBC]] | access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref>

Seagull releases regular maths challenges on [[BBC Radio 4]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5fdpKCTWDYlSbXqDWg0jKjB/puzzle-for-today|title=BBC Radio 4 - Today - Puzzle for Today|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> In 2018 he taught mathematics to three [[BBC News]] presenters, [[Naga Munchetty]], [[Jayne McCubbin]] and [[Tim Muffett]], before they retook their [[General Certificate of Secondary Education]] (GCSE) mathematics paper.<ref name=":1" /> He presents the podcast ''Maths Appeal'' with [[Susan Okereke]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/maths-appeal/id1445702010|title=Maths Appeal on Apple Podcasts|website=Apple Podcasts|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref>

===''University Challenge''===
Whilst working at [[East London Science School]], Seagull was made captain of the [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]] ''[[University Challenge]]'' team.<ref name=":0" /> During the competition he was praised for his enthusiasm, and his name started to trend on [[Twitter]].<ref name=":0" /> He met [[Eric Monkman]] in the semi-final, where Monkman's team ([[Wolfson College, Cambridge|Wolfson College]]) won.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/09/17/who-are-eric-monkman-and-bobby-seagull-and-how-are-they-best-known-7951457/|title=Who are Eric Monkman and Bobby Seagull and how are they best known?|author=Caroline Westbrook|date=17 September 2018|website=Metro}}</ref> Whilst the pair started as rivals, they went on to form a friendship and began broadcasting together.

===Broadcasting===
Seagull and Monkman were given their own radio show, ''Monkman and Seagull's Polymathematic Adventure'', in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b091szlz|title=BBC Radio 4 - Monkman and Seagull's Polymathic Adventure|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05br0pf|title=BBC Radio 4 - Today, Monkman and Seagull on life after University Challenge|website=BBC|date=7 August 2017 |language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> Seagull and Monkman co-hosted their first television series, ''[[Monkman & Seagull's Genius Guide to Britain]]'', in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bl1vp2|title=BBC Two - Monkman & Seagull's Genius Guide to Britain, Series 1, England|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bl1vnr|title=BBC Two - Monkman & Seagull's Genius Guide to Britain|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> In the show, the pair travelled the [[United Kingdom]] to identify Britain's technological achievements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2018/monkman-and-seagull|title=BBC - Monkman and Seagull go on a clever journey around Britain for new BBC Two series - Media Centre|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> In 2020 they followed up with ''[[Monkman & Seagull's Genius Adventures]].''

In 2019 Seagull became an advocate for investment in public libraries, working with the [[Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals]] (CILIP) to front the 'Libraries Deliver' campaign as a national 'Library Champion'. In 2020, Seagull was awarded Honorary Fellowship of CILIP.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Natalie|title=News & Press: News: CILIP announces Honorary Fellowships including Library Champion Bobby Seagull|url=https://www.cilip.org.uk/|website=CILIP: The library and information association|access-date=2020-10-23|archive-date=2018-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910203935/https://www.cilip.org.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Seagull has appeared on the [[YouTube]] channel Football Daily on a number of occasions, specifically in their Stat Wars series. He has also participated as a panellist on the [[BBC Radio 4]] discussion programme ''[[Any Questions?]]''.

In 2021, he and quiz expert Frank Paul became the resident "trappers" on the [[Channel 4]] game show ''The Answer Trap''. Their role is to create plausible-sounding but wrong answers to questions asked of the contestants, which are hidden among the genuine responses.

In December 2022 Seagull competed alongside Eric Monkman in BBC's ''[[Celebrity Antiques Road Trip]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=BBC Two - Celebrity Antiques Road Trip, Series 11, Episode 14 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001g695 }}</ref>

In 2023, Seagull was on ''[[Pilgrimage (TV series)|Pilgrimage: The Road Through Portugal]]'', a [[BBC Two]] series following a group of celebrities going on a pilgrimage to [[Fátima,_Portugal|Fátima]]. He was the only Roman Catholic pilgrim in the group.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Two - Pilgrimage |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09w7lc0 |website=BBC}}</ref>

In April 2023, Seagull appeared on ''[[Indian Matchmaking]]'', a [[Netflix]] series where people of Indian heritage enlist the help of a matchmaker to find a partner to marry. He took part in [[Hunted (2015 TV series)#Series 5 (2023)|series five]] of ''[[Hunted (2015 TV series)#Celebrity Hunted|Celebrity Hunted]]'' in 2023, alongside [[Saffron Barker]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Famous Fugitives confirmed for new series of Celebrity Hunted for Stand Up To Cancer |url=https://www.channel4.com/press/news/famous-fugitives-confirmed-new-series-celebrity-hunted-stand-cancer |website=[[Channel 4]] |access-date=13 May 2023 |date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

He was awarded an MBE in the 2026 New Year's Honours list.<ref name="Ahmed 2025">{{cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shariqua |title=Bobby Seagull appointed MBE for libraries work |website=BBC Home |date=2025-12-30 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgkgd5k19ko |access-date=2026-02-08}}</ref>

==Books==
* {{Cite book|title=The Life-Changing Magic of Numbers|last=Seagull|first=Bobby|publisher=Penguin|year=2019|isbn=978-0-7535-5280-3}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Monkman And Seagull Quiz Book|last=Seagull|first=Bobby|publisher=Eyewear Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-1-911335-99-3}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seagull, Bobby}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century British mathematicians]]
[[Category:21st-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Academics of the Open University]]
[[Category:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of Hughes Hall, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of Royal Holloway, University of London]]
[[Category:British people of Malayali descent]]
[[Category:British science communicators]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from the London Borough of Newham]]
[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Financial Times people]]
[[Category:Lehman Brothers people]]
[[Category:Participants in British reality television series]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People from East Ham]]
[[Category:PwC people]]
[[Category:Schoolteachers from London]]
[[Category:Television personalities from the London Borough of Newham]]
[[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Newham]]

Lists of Indian mayors

2026-04-23T18:32:27Z

NIULoyd091: done!

{{Short description|none}}
{{incomplete list|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Mayors of Indian cities''' is the list of [[Mayor (India)|mayors]] of various [[List of cities in India by population|cities and towns in India]]. A mayor in India is the head of the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] and first citizen of that city of town. Many cities and towns in India have mayors and the procedure to elect them varies from one [[List of states and union territories of India|state]] to another. The term of their office, their powers and the procedure for electing them too varies from one Indian state to another.
==Current mayors==
This is the list of current [[mayor]]s in the [[India|Indian]] cities:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! City
!Corporation Name
!State
! Mayor
! Portrait
! Deputy ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| [[Ahmednagar|Ahilyanagar]]
|[[Ahmednagar Municipal Corporation|Ahilyanagar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
! Jyoti Gade
|
| Sudha Mishra | [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|-
| [[Ayodhya]]
|[[Ayodhya Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! Girish Pati Tripathi
|
| Sudha Mishra | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Bengaluru]]
|[[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]] (ceased to exist)
|[[Karnataka]]
! ''Vacant''
|
| N/A
|
|-
|[[Bhagalpur]]
|[[Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Bihar]]
!Basundhara Lal
|
|[[BJP]]
|
|-
| [[Bhopal]]
|[[Bhopal Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
! [[Malti Rai]]
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Chandigarh]]
! Saurabh Joshi
|
| Mahesh Kumar | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Chennai]]
|[[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
! [[Priya Rajan]]
|
| Mahesh Kumar | [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| [[Coimbatore]]
|[[Coimbatore Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
! ''Vacant''
|
| N/A | N/A
| N/A |
|-
| [[Dehradun]]
|[[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
! Saurabh Thapliyal
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|[[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
!Raja Iqbal Singh
|
|''Unknown'' | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Durgapur]]
|[[Durgapur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[West Bengal]]
!''Vacant''
|
| ''Vacant'' | N/A
|
|-
| [[Firozabad]]
|[[Firozabad Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! Nutan Rathore
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Gaya, India|Gaya]]
|[[Gaya Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Bihar]]
!Birendra Kumar
|
|[[BJP]]
|
|-
| [[Gorakhpur]]
|[[Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! [[Manglesh Kumar Srivastava]]
| [[File:Dr. Manglesh Kumar Srivastava.jpg|100px]]
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Haldwani]]
|[[Haldwani Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttarakhand]]
! Gajraj Singh Bisht
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Hyderabad|Amritsar]]
| [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|Amritsar municipal Corporation]]
|[[Telangana|Punjab]]
! ''JATINDER SINGH BHATIA''
|
| N/A | N/A
| N/A |
|-
| [[Jaipur]]
|[[Jaipur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
! [[Somya Gurjar]]
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Kanpur]]
|[[Kanpur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! [[Pramila Pandey]]
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Kolkata]]
|[[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
|[[West Bengal]]
! [[Firhad Hakim]]
| [[File:Firhad Hakim.jpg|100px]]
| Atin Ghosh | [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress }}" |
|-
| [[Kozhikode]]
|[[Kozhikode Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Kerala]]
! O. Sadashivan
|
| Musafar Ahammed | [[CPI(M)]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
| [[Lucknow]]
|[[Lucknow Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! [[Sushma Kharakwal]]
|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
|[[Moga Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Punjab]]
! Baljit Singh Channi
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
|-
| [[Moradabad]]
|Moradabad Municipal Corporation
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! [[Vinod Agarwal]]
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Mumbai]]
|[[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
! [[Ritu Tawde]]
|
| Sudha Mishra | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Navi Mumbai]]
|[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
!Sujata Patil
|
| Sudha Mishra | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Patna]]
|[[Patna Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Bihar]]
!Sita Sahu
|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|
|-
| [[Prayagraj]]
|[[Prayagraj Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! Ganesh Chandra Kesarwani
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Pune]]
|[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
! Manjusha Nagpure
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Siliguri]]
|[[Siliguri Municipal Corporation]]
|[[West Bengal]]
![[Goutam Deb]]
|
| Ranjan Sarkar| [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |
|-
| [[Srinagar]]
|[[Srinagar Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
! [[Junaid Azim Mattu]]
|
| Parvaiz Ahmad Qadri | [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party|JKAP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}" |
|-
| [[Surat]]
|[[Surat Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Gujarat]]
! Hemali Boghawala
|
| Dineshbhai Vaghjibhai Jodhani | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Corporation]]
|[[Kerala]]
! [[V. V. Rajesh]]
|
| Asha Nath G.S. | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Tirupati]]
| [[Tirupati Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
!R. Sireesha Yadav
| |
|[[YSR Congress|YSRCP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|-
| [[Trichy]]
|[[Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
! [[M. Anbazhagan]]
|
| G. Divya | [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| [[Varanasi]]
|[[Varanasi Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
! [[Mridula Jaiswal]]
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[BJP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| [[Vasai-Virar]]
|[[Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
! Ajiv Yashwant Patil
|
| Bellam Durga and Avuthu Sailaja Reddy | [[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi|BVA]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}"|
|-
| [[Vijayawada]]
|[[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
! [[Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi]]
|
| Bellam Durga and Avuthu Sailaja Reddy | [[YSR Congress|YSRCP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|-
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
! Peela Srinivasa Rao
|
| ''Unknown'' | [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|}

== Lists of mayors ==
* [[List of mayors of Ahmedabad]]
* [[List of mayors of Ahmednagar]]
* [[List of mayors of Ayodhya]]
* [[List of mayors of Bengaluru]]
* [[List of mayors of Bhopal]]
* [[List of mayors of Chennai]]
* [[List of mayors of Coimbatore]]
* [[List of mayors of Firozabad]]
* [[List of mayors of Gorakhpur]]
* [[List of mayors of Hyderabad]]
* [[List of mayors of Kanpur]]
* [[List of mayors of Kolkata]]
* [[List of mayors of Kozhikode]]
* [[List of mayors of Lucknow]]
* [[List of mayors of Moradabad]]
* [[List of mayors of Mumbai]]
* [[List of mayors of Nagpur]]
* [[List of mayors of Prayagraj]]
* [[List of mayors of Pune]]
* [[List of mayors of Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
* [[List of mayors of Srinagar]]
* [[List of mayors of Surat]]
* [[List of mayors of Varanasi]]
* [[List of mayors of Vijayawada]]
* [[List of mayors of Yanam]]
== See also ==
* [[List of the youngest mayors in India]]
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]
[[Category:Lists of mayors of places in India| ]]

Taslim Ahmad

2026-04-22T17:51:23Z

NIULoyd091: added info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{distinguish|Taslim Ahmed|Taslimuddin Ahmad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Taslim Ahmad
| office = Member of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2002
| term_end = 2012
| constituency = [[Laldhang Assembly constituency|Laldhang]]
| country = [[India]]
| party = [[Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]] (since 2022)
| other_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (until 2017) [[Indian National Congress]] (2017-2022)
}}

'''Taslim Ahmad''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician from [[Uttarakhand]] and a former member of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Laldhang Assembly constituency]] as a party member of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laldhang Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/laldhang-uttarakhand-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand, India |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/pages/view/213/225-general-assembly-elections-2002---polling-station-wise-result-(form-20) |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=ceo.uk.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Haji Tasleem Ahmad, Laldhang Assembly Elections 2007 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttarakhand/2007/laldhang/haji-tasleem-ahmad/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Laldhang Uttarakhand MLA {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/tag/laldhang-uttarakhand-mla/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Elections |url=https://electioncare.in/2007-uttarakhand-legislative-assembly-elections/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Best Election Management Company in India |language=en-US}}</ref> He also contested for the [[Laksar Assembly constituency]] unsuccessfully as a candidate of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and the [[Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|ASP]] in the [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]], [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]], [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] elections respectively.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Taslim}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttaranchal MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{BSP-politician-stub}}
{{Uttarakhand-politician-stub}}

Viriato Fernandes

2026-04-22T02:33:05Z

NIULoyd091: added new page

{{Short description|Indian politician and activist (born 1969)}}
{{Portuguese name|Mendonca|Fernandes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]]
| name = Viriato Fernandes
| birth_name = Viriato Hipolito Mendonca Fernandes
| image = Viriato Fernandes 2024.jpg
| caption = Fernandes at the [[18th Lok Sabha]] [[Oath of office|oath taking]] ceremony at [[Parliament House, New Delhi|Sansad Bhavan]], 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|2|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Assonora]], Goa, India
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 9 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/18-lok-sabha/captain-viriato-fernandes|title=Captain Viriato Fernandes | PRSIndia|website=PRS Legislative Research}}</ref>
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Francisco Sardinha]]
| successor =
| majority = 13,535 (48.35%)<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2024 |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS052.htm |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| constituency = [[South Goa Lok Sabha constituency|South Goa]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (since 2021)
| spouse = {{marriage|Anita Fernandes|1996}}
| children = 1
| alma_mater = {{ubl|
* [[Goa University]] ([[B.E.]])
* [[University of Southampton]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|activist|mechanical engineer}}
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/viriatofernandes.captain}}
| signature = Viriato Fernandes signature.svg
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{navy|India}}
| rank = [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-5.svg|20px]] [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]]
| serviceyears = 1991–2017
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[Kargil War]]
** [[Operation Talwar]]
{{tree list/end}}
| unit = {{ubl|
* [[INAS 310]]
* [[INAS 550]]}}
| awards = {{ubl|
* [[File:IND Operation Vijay star.svg|20px]] [[Operation Vijay Star]]
* [[File:IND Operation Vijay medal.svg|20px]] [[Operation Vijay Medal]]}}
}}
| module2 = {{Listen
| embed = yes
| filename = Viriato Fernandes Oath, 2024.ogg
| title = Viriato Fernandes's voice
| description = Fernandes taking the [[oath of office]] in [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. Recorded 24 June 2024 
}}
}}

[[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] '''Viriato Hipolito Mendonca Fernandes''' (born 4 February 1969) is an Indian politician, social activist, [[mechanical engineer]], and former [[Indian Navy]] officer who serves as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], representing [[South Goa Lok Sabha constituency|South Goa]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] since June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Souza |first=Gerard |date=4 June 2024 |title=Lok Sabha election results: BJP, Congress win one seat each in Goa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/lok-sabha-election-results-bjp-congress-win-one-seat-each-in-goa-101717493529002-amp.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604095251/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/lok-sabha-election-results-bjp-congress-win-one-seat-each-in-goa-101717493529002-amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). During his early years as a navy officer, he was part of [[Operation Talwar]] during the [[Kargil War]]. After serving 26 years in the Indian Navy, he retired and began [[social activism|activism]] in the state of [[Goa]], before joining politics in 2021.

==Early life and education==
Viriato Hipolito Mendonca Fernandes<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2022 |title=Candidate Details |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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 |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> was born on 4 February 1969 in [[Assonora]], [[Goa]], India, to Prudente Fernandes and Viviana de Mendonça Fernandes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=National Informatics |title=Member Detail |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5710?from=members |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Digital Sansad |language=en}}</ref> He received his early education at St. Clara High School in Assonora, and Don Bosco High School in [[Panjim]]. He then went on to earn a [[Bachelor of Engineering]] degree from [[Goa University]] in 1992. Later in his career, Fernandes pursued postgraduate studies, obtaining a [[postgraduate diploma]] in [[business administration]] in operations in 2015<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Captain Viriato Hipolito Mendonca Fernandes(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DABOLIM(SOUTH GOA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/goa2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=85 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.myneta.info |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123815/https://www.myneta.info/goa2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=85 |url-status=live }}</ref> and another in [[supply chain management]] in 2017 from an unspecified institution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain Viriato Fernandes(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SOUTH GOA(GOA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=3876 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.myneta.info |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123815/https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=3876 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also holds a certificate in [[contract management]] from the [[University of Southampton]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Captain Goa – Viriato Fernandes on his mission to Save Goem |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Captain-Goa-%E2%80%93-Viriato-Fernandes-on-his-mission-to-Save-Goem/134357 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123813/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Captain-Goa-%E2%80%93-Viriato-Fernandes-on-his-mission-to-Save-Goem/134357 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Military career (1991–2017)==
After completing his undergraduate engineering degree, Fernandes joined the [[Indian Navy]] on 12 August 1991. He commenced his naval career at [[List of Indian Navy bases#List of naval establishments|INS Mandovi]] in Verem, Goa. Subsequently, he was stationed at [[INS Shivaji]] in [[Lonavala]], [[Maharashtra]], where he specialized in [[marine engineering]] for a span of two years. Following this assignment, he was transferred to [[INS Ranjit (D53)|INS Ranjit]], a Russian [[destroyer]], and later assumed the role of senior engineer aboard [[INS Anjadip (1972)|INS Anjadip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Shripad Naik, former MoS Defence, mocks Capt Viriato's war veteran credentials |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Shripad-Naik-former-MoS-Defence-mocks-Capt-Viriato%E2%80%99s-war-veteran-credentials/220879 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123815/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Shripad-Naik-former-MoS-Defence-mocks-Capt-Viriato%E2%80%99s-war-veteran-credentials/220879 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Fernandes developed a fascination with [[aviation]] over the course of his career. In the early 1990s, he pursued advanced [[Aeronautics|aeronautical training]] in [[Cochin]], India, with a focus on mastering the piloting of diverse aircraft types, including [[HAL Chetak|Chetak helicopter]]s, [[Sea Harrier]] jets, and [[Dornier 228|Dornier]] [[turboprop]] planes. After completing this specialized program, Fernandes was appointed as an air [[Engineer officer|engineering officer]] at [[INS Hansa]], a major Indian naval [[Naval air station|air station]] located in Goa. He served with the Indian Navy's [[INAS 310]] squadron, which was colloquially known as "The Cobras". Tensions between India and Pakistan escalated in the late 1990s, leading to Fernandes being deployed to the [[Indo-Pakistani border]] region to conduct [[aerial reconnaissance]] missions during [[Pokhran-II]]. In this capacity, he and his fellow [[aviator]]s monitored the movements and activities of [[Pakistan Air Force|Pakistani aircraft]] and [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military forces]].<ref name=":1" />

Around this time, [[INAS 550|a Dornier aircraft unit was established at Cochin, designated the "Flying Fish"]]. While stationed there, Fernandes welcomed the birth of his daughter, though the prevailing state of tensions meant he had to leave his young family behind to report for duty during a critical period in early June. The [[Kargil War]] that erupted between India and Pakistan involved coordinated operations by all three branches of the [[Indian armed forces]]. The [[Indian Army]] and [[Indian Air Force]] were directly engaged in combat against the infiltrating Pakistani forces, under the codenames [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]] and [[Operation Safed Sagar]], while the [[Indian Navy]] conducted supporting naval operations under the name [[Operation Talwar]].<ref name=":1" />

During the Kargil War of 1999 between India and Pakistan, the Indian Navy played a crucial role in establishing a maritime [[blockade]] along Pakistan's [[Arabian Sea]] coastline. The primary objective of this naval operation was to disrupt the [[Military logistics|logistical supply]] of [[crude oil]] and other resources from [[Arab countries]] to Pakistan, which was supporting Pakistani forces engaged in the conflict. The Indian Navy's [[Squadron (aviation)|air squadron]], [[INAS 550]], known as the "Flying Fish", coordinated its efforts with the [[Indian Air Force]] during the war. This naval unit's activities, combined with the broader maritime blockade, effectively choked off supplies to Pakistani troops, significantly contributing to their defeat in the Kargil War.<ref name=":1" />

For his service during this conflict, Fernandes, who was a member of INAS 550, received commendations from the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Western Naval Command]] in 2001 and 2008, as well as from the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Southern Naval Command]] in 2002. In acknowledgment of his contributions during the Kargil War, he was honored with the [[Operation Vijay Star]] and [[Operation Vijay Medal]]. In addition to his wartime service, Fernandes also experienced the catastrophic tsunami incident in [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|December 2004 while stationed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name=":0" /> He continued his [[Indian Naval Air Arm|naval aviation]] career until his early retirement in 2017.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-02-10 |title=Viriato eyeing Dabolim 'captaincy' {{!}} The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/02/10/goanews/viriato-eyeing-dabolim-captaincy/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605191414/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/02/10/goanews/viriato-eyeing-dabolim-captaincy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Political career (2021–present)==
Fernandes was initially involved with the [[non-governmental organization]] (NGO) known as Goencho Avaaz (GA). He was a founding member of the group,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goencho Avaaz slams Goa CM for deaths at EDM festival |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=658877 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123815/https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=658877 |url-status=live }}</ref> which was established in April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goencho Avaaz: From NGO to political party, a journey of three years |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Goencho-Avaaz-From-NGO-to-political-party-a-journey-of-three-years/174183 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123813/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Goencho-Avaaz-From-NGO-to-political-party-a-journey-of-three-years/174183 |url-status=live }}</ref> He went on to serve as the state [[convener]] of the same organization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Capt Viriato to join Cong today |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/%EF%BB%BFcapt-viriato-to-join-cong-today/77810.html |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123816/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/%EF%BB%BFcapt-viriato-to-join-cong-today/77810.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2021, Fernandes ended his involvement with Goencho Avaaz.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Capt Viriato to join Congress, identification of Congress candidates have began: GPCC President |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Videos/Capt-Viriato-to-join-Congress-identification-of-Congress-candidates-have-began-GPCC-President/183133 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123814/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Videos/Capt-Viriato-to-join-Congress-identification-of-Congress-candidates-have-began-GPCC-President/183133 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to his departure, he had intended to contest the [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] as a candidate for the Goencho Avaaz Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Captain Viriato Fernandes to contest the Assembly elections from his home constituency of Dabolim - Goemkarponn - Goa News |url=https://goemkarponn.com/captain-viriato-fernandes-to-contest-the-assembly-elections-from-his-home-constituency-of-dabolim/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=goemkarponn.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123815/https://goemkarponn.com/captain-viriato-fernandes-to-contest-the-assembly-elections-from-his-home-constituency-of-dabolim/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, six days after he formally left the group, Goencho Avaaz was registered as a political party under the new name Goencho Swabhiman Party on 16 December of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-17 |title=Goencho Avaaz registers its political party |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goencho-avaaz-registers-its-political-party/articleshow/88328092.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510074529/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goencho-avaaz-registers-its-political-party/articleshow/88328092.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 10 December 2021, Fernandes joined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) in the presence of [[All India Congress Committee]] general secretary [[Priyanka Gandhi]]. Before becoming a member of the Indian National Congress (INC), he was reportedly engaged in organizing a visit by Gandhi to [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-05 |title=Captain employs Navy experience to navigate rough tides of campaigning |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/captain-employs-navy-experience-to-navigate-rough-tides-of-campaigning/articleshow/109846206.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605191406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/captain-employs-navy-experience-to-navigate-rough-tides-of-campaigning/articleshow/109846206.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Viriato Fernandes at SAVE MHADEI SAVE GOA PROTEST.jpg|thumb|Fernandes during the [[Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal|MWDT]] protest alongside [[Manoj Parab]] and [[MLA (India)|MLA]] [[Aleixo Lourenco]] at [[Panjim]], 2017]]
In the lead-up to the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election, there was discussion surrounding Fernandes' political affiliations and candidacy. In November 2021, the president of the [[Goa Pradesh Congress Committee]] (GPCC), [[Girish Chodankar]], raised questions about Fernandes potentially joining the Indian National Congress (INC) party.<ref name=":2" />

Prior to this, Fernandes had been involved with the Goencho Avaaz people's movement. His decision to then join the INC after departing from Goencho Avaaz prompted further scrutiny and reflection from other [[Goan]] politicians, including Dr. Jorson Fernandes of [[Cuncolim]]. These politicians expressed concerns that the transition of a people's movement leader to a major political party could be problematic, given that the party had incorporated elements that the movement had previously opposed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A former people's movement leader is on the same side as those politicians Goa fought against: Dr Jorson |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/A-former-people%E2%80%99s-movement-leader-is-on-the-same-side-as-those-politicians-Goa-fought-against-Dr-Jorson/185237 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123817/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/A-former-people%E2%80%99s-movement-leader-is-on-the-same-side-as-those-politicians-Goa-fought-against-Dr-Jorson/185237 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Fernandes contested the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election as an INC candidate in the [[Dabolim Assembly constituency]]. He was defeated by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) candidate [[Mauvin Godinho]], finishing as the runner-up with a margin of 1,570 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14168-goa-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 17 May 2022}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Fernandes is a resident of [[Chicalim]], a [[census town]] located in the state of [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harjit Kaur Gurmit |date=18 April 2024 |title=Candidate Details |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> In the 2010s, he secured sponsorship from the [[Indian Navy]] to acquire a Black Belt certification in [[Six Sigma]] management. He gained prominence as a national-level [[badminton]] player, demonstrating active participation in [[cricket]] and [[association football|football]] as well. However, his passion appeared to be for the natural environment of Goa, which he has described as a "beautiful paradise".<ref name=":0" />

In 2018, Fernandes and his family were planning to relocate to the [[United Arab Emirates]]. But after returning from a public event, he had a change of heart and decided to remain in Goa in order to serve and protect the land. Later that year, he became a founding member of the environmental [[advocacy group]] Goencho Avaaz. He enlisted the backing of all 38 [[NGO|non-governmental group]]s in Goa focused on protecting the state's environmental interests to establish the organization successfully.<ref name=":4" />

===Marriage and children===
Fernandes and his partner, Anita Rosaline Fernandes ([[née]] Rodrigues), were wed on 8 December 1996.<ref name=":3" /> She is a teacher by profession. Approximately two years after their marriage, in 1998, the couple had a daughter while living in [[Cochin, Kerala]], around the time of India's [[Pokhran-II]] [[nuclear test]]s.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

==Positions held==
* Member of the [[Standing Committee on Defence (India)|Standing Committee on Defence]] (26 September 2024 – present)<ref name=":3" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Viriato}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Activists from Goa]]
[[Category:Goa University alumni]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Southampton]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Goa]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

Archana Sharma (botanist)

2026-04-20T06:09:33Z

NIULoyd091: Biography

{{short description|Indian geneticist (1932-2008)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Archana Sharma
| image = Statue of Archana Sharma (botanist).jpg
| caption = Statue of Archana Sharma inside Birla Industrial & Technological Museum campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|02|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|01|14|1932|02|16|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Botanist]]{{·}}[[Cytogeneticist]]{{·}}[[Cell biologist]]{{·}}[[Cytotechnologist]]
| spouse = [[Arun Kumar Sharma]]
}}

'''Archana Sharma''' was an Indian [[Botany|botanist]], [[cytogeneticist]], [[Cell biology|cell biologist]], and cytotoxicologist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archana Sharma(1932-2008)|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_094_05_0672_0672_0.pdf}}</ref> Her widely recognized contributions include the study of speciation in vegetatively reproducing plants, induction of cell division in adult nuclei, the cause of polyteny in differentiated tissues in plants, cytotaxonomy of flowering plants, and the effect of arsenic in water.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1982-2003|pages=1669|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_094_05_0672_0672_0.pdf}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Archana Sharma was born on 16 February 1932 in [[Pune]] to a family of academicians, including Professor N.P. Mookherjee, a professor of chemistry at Bikaner.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/BM/BM35_0913.pdf|title=Archana Sharma}}</ref> Her early education was in Rajasthan. She then went on to do her [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]]. from [[Bikaner]] and later pursued her [[Master of Science|M.Sc.]] in the Department of Botany at the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1951.{{cn|date=April 2026}} Sharma completed her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in 1955 and [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] in 1960, specialising in Cytogenetics, Human Genetics and Environmental Mutagenesis. As a result, she became the second woman to have been awarded a D.Sc. by the University of Calcutta.{{cn|date=April 2026}}

== Career ==
In 1967, Sharma joined the [[University of Calcutta]] as faculty, later becoming a professor of genetics in 1972 in the Centre of Advanced Studies in Cell and Chromosome Research at University of Calcutta.{{cn|date=April 2026}} In 1981, she was promoted to Head of the Department of Botany, succeeding Prof. A.K.Sharma until 1983.{{cn|date=April 2026}}

During her academic career, she supervised over 70 Ph.D. students in the areas of [[cytogenetics]], [[human genetics]], and environmental [[mutagenesis]].<ref name=":0"/>

Sharma's research led to breakthroughs in botanical science. Among her notable findings are topics related to speciation in vegetatively reproducing plants, induction of cell division in adult nuclei, the cause of polyteny in differentiated tissues in plants, cytotaxonomy of flowering plants, and the effect of arsenic in water. Her research and findings on chromosomal study on [[flowering plant]]s led to a new set of perceptions on their classification.<ref name=":0" /> Sharma also worked extensively in human genetics, specifically genetic polymorphism in normal human populations.<ref name=":0" />

Sharma was a member of organizations such as the University Grants Commission, National Commission for Women, Science and Engineering Research Council, Department of Environment, Overseas Scientific Advisory Committee, among various others. Sharma also served as chairperson on the Task Force on Integrated Manpower Development of the Department of Biotechnology.<ref name=":0" />

Sharma was actively involved with prominent policy-making bodies, including Science and Engineering Research Council of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India; Environmental Research Council of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India; the Panel for Co-operation with UNESCO, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India; and various technical committees of University Grants Commission, Department of Science and Technology, and the Department of Biotechnology.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianbotanists.com/2015/03/archana-sharma-indian-woman-botanist.html|title=Archana Sharma: An Indian Woman Botanist, a Cytogeneticist, Cell Biologist and a Cytotoxicologist|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-16|archive-date=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153411/http://www.indianbotanists.com/2015/03/archana-sharma-indian-woman-botanist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Publications ==
During her career, Sharma published 10 books and between 300 and 400 research papers. She published the book [https://www.elsevier.com/books/chromosome-techniques/sharma/978-0-408-70942-2 ''Chromosome Techniques - Theory and Practice''] in 1965 with her husband, fellow professor [[Arun Kumar Sharma]].<ref name=":0" /> She was also the founder of ''Nucleus'', an international journal of [[Cell biology|cytology]] and allied topics, and continued to be its editor until 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2018/07/30/dr-archana-sharma-pioneering-botanist/|title=Dr. Archana Sharma: The Pioneering Indian Botanist {{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory|last=Shah|first=Aditi|date=2018-07-29|website=Feminism In India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-16}}</ref> She served on the Editorial boards of ''Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N77-0749|title=INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail|website=insaindia.res.in|access-date=2019-02-16|archive-date=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216153245/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N77-0749|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sharma also edited multiple scientific volumes for publishers such as CRC Press, Oxford, IBH, Kluwer Academic (Netherlands), and Gordon and Beach UK.

== Personal life ==
Sharma was married to [[Arun Kumar Sharma]],<ref name="World Who Is Who and Does What in Environment and Conservation">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWb7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA294|title=World Who Is Who and Does What in Environment and Conservation|author=Nicholas Polunin|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-05938-6|pages=294–}}</ref> considered by many as the ''Father of Indian Cytology''.<ref name="Soni2010">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkmkxB3sCPUC&pg=PT375|title=Fundamentals Of Botany|author=N. K. Soni|date=1 April 2010|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-1-259-08349-5|pages=375–}}</ref><ref name="List of 14 Eminent Geneticists (With their Contributions)">{{cite web|url=http://www.biologydiscussion.com/genetics/geneticists/list-of-14-eminent-geneticists-with-their-contributions/35674|title=List of 14 Eminent Geneticists (With their Contributions)|date=2016|publisher=Biology Discussion|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>

She died on January 14, 2008.<ref name=":1" />

==Awards==
*G.P. Chatterjee Award, 1995
*S.G. Sinha Award, 1995
*[[Padma Bhushan]] (third-highest civilian award by the President of the India), 1984<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards|date=2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=October 15, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>
*Birbal Sahni Medal, 1984
*[[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|FICCI]] Award, 1983
*Fellowship at [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], 1977<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sharma,_Prof._Archana|title=Fellowship {{!}} Indian Academy of Sciences|website=www.ias.ac.in|access-date=2019-02-16}}</ref>
*[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], 1975<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx|title=View Bhatnagar Awardees|date=2016|publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref>
*J.C. Bose Award, 1972

==See also==
* [[Timeline of women in science]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Archana}}
[[Category:Indian women biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Cytogenetics]]
[[Category:Women geneticists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Indian women botanists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Fatepura Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:26:19Z

NIULoyd091: made a article w/ infobox...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Fatepura
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dahod Lok Sabha constituency|Dahod]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 129
| mla = Katara Rameshbhai Bhurabhai
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:255069}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
}}
'''Fatepura''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Dahod district]], is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]], and came into existence after 2008 delimitation.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Fatepura Taluka Villages
# Jhalod Taluka (Part) Villages

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|2012
| rowspan="3" |[[Ramesh Katara|Rameshbhai Bhurabhai Katara]]<ref name=election2017/>
|
|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan="2" |
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Fatepura Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ramesh Katara]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=59,581|percentage=42.78|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Govindbhai Dalabhai Parmar|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=40,050|percentage=28.76|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kanubhai Kuberbhai Katara|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,710|percentage=1.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=4,327|percentage=3.11|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=19,531|percentage=14.02|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:247,952}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022" />

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Fatepura<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ramesh Katara]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 60,250
|percentage = 46.41
|change = -1.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ditabhai Machchhar|party=Indian National Congress|votes=57,539|percentage=44.32|change=+1.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prabhubhai Baria|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=2,747|percentage=2.12|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Punjabhai Taviyad|party=Janata Dal (United)|votes=1,989|percentage=1.53|change=''New''}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=4,573|percentage=3.52|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,711|percentage=2.09|change=-3.09}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=129,829|percentage=61.63|change=-5.08}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ramesh Katara]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=57,828|percentage=47.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ditabhai Machchhar|party=Indian National Congress|votes=51,564|percentage=42.62|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,264|percentage=5.18|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=120,973|percentage=66.71|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Dahod district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|22.9|74.03|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dahod district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Tripura State Commission For Women

2026-04-15T05:16:46Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|Statutory body for women's rights, India}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Tripura State Commission for Women
| nativename =
| nativename_r =
| type = Commission
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
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| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| formed = 15 October 2004
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Tripura]]
| headquarters = H. G. Basak Road, Melarmath Agartala, Tripura West-799001.<ref name="tw ref1">{{cite web |title=Tripura Commission For Women |url=http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Tripura |website=Tripura Commission For Women |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="tw ref2">{{cite web |title=Tripura Commission For Women |url=https://tcw.nic.in/ |website=Tripura Commission For Women |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = Ms. Jharna Debbarma
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
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| website = [https://tcw.nic.in/ Official Website]
{{Official website|http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Tripura}}
| footnotes =
| chief7_name =
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}}

'''Tripura Commission for Women''' is a [[statutory]] body constituted in the year 1993 to deal with the issues relating to [[Violence against women|crime against women]] in the state of [[Tripura]]. The commission for welfare of women in the state was set up by [[Government of Tripura|Tripura Government]] as a [[Quasi-judicial body|quasi-judicial]] body.

== History and Objectives ==

The Tripura State Commission for Women was formed to investigate specific problems relating to women and to study women-related issues in the state.<ref name="scw ref1">{{cite news |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Swarna |title=Why National and State Women’s Commissions are important and should be held accountable |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-why-national-and-state-women-s-commissions-are-important-and-should-be-held-accountable-2217939 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=dnaindia.com |date=30 May 2016}}</ref> The Commission is equipped with powers to safeguard the rights of women and ensure their protection and equality against any form of harassment, as well as issues faced in the family and community.

The commission was created with the following objectives:

* Ensuring protection and welfare of women.
* Handle gender-based issues through timely intervention in case of any violation of relevant laws or opportunity denial or depriving the women of any rights.
* Recommending to state government on women-based issues.
* The commission occasionally takes steps to create awareness in public regarding the women-based legislation in the state.<ref name="tw ref3" />

== Composition ==

Tripura State Commission for Women was formed with a chairperson and other members. The social welfare department of the state makes modalities for appointing the Chairman of the State Commission for Women. Their salary and other emoluments are fixed by state government and revised from time to time.

Ms. Barnali Goswami is the Chairperson of the Tripura State Commission for Women.<ref name="tw ref3">{{cite news |title=Tripura: Crime against women on the wane, down by 7-12% in 1 year |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/07/09/tripura-crime-against-women-on-the-wane-down-by-7-12-in-1-year/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=eastmojo.com |date=9 July 2019}}</ref> She along with other members will hold office for a period of 3 years.

== Activities ==

Tripura State Commission for Women was formed in 2006 to perform below activities:

* Commission should ensure that it adheres to the provision and protection guaranteed for women under the [[Constitution of India]] and women-related legislations.
* In case any agency in the state fails to implement protective measures against women, getting the same to the notice of Government.
* Making recommendations for the amendments in any law if it fails on provision of justice to the women of the state.
* Taking up with concerned authorities any issue of violation of women's rights and recommending follow-up action to them.<ref name="tw ref6">{{cite news |title=Tripura Women Commission chairperson visits gang-rape victims’ house at Churaibari |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/tripura/tripura-women-commission-chairperson-visits-gang-rape-victims-house-at-churaibari.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=nenow.in |date=18 November 2020}}</ref>
* Women who have complaints of violation of their rights and non-implementation of their protective measures guaranteed under the Constitution of India can directly approach Women Commission for redressal.<ref name="tw ref4">{{cite news |title=Crime against women: Students in Tripura launch online campaign |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/crime-against-women-students-in-tripura-launch-online-campaign-638006 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=indiatvnews.com |date=29 July 2020}}</ref>
* Counselling and assisting women who are victims of atrocities and discrimination in the state.
* Financing litigation expenses for any issues involving mass group of women and occasionally make reports to the state government relating to them.
* Inspecting any premises, jail or other remand home where women prisoners are lodged or any other case and bringing them to the notice of respective authorities, in case of need.
* Enquire, study and investigate any specific women-based issues.
* Initiate educational research or undertaking any promotional method and recommend ways for ensuring women representation in all areas and identifying reasons depriving them of their rights.
* To enquire suo-moto or any complaints of any issue which deprives women of their rights or women protection laws not being implemented or noncompliance of any policies relating to them or failure of following instructions relating to women welfare and relief associated with them.<ref name="tw ref5">{{cite news |title=Women’s Commission Lashes Out at Tripura CPI-M for Revealing Identity of Rape Victim |url=https://www.insidene.com/womens-commission-lashes-out-at-tripura-cpi-m-for-revealing-identity-of-rape-victim/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=insidene.com |date=30 September 2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[National Commission for Women]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://tcw.nic.in/ Official Website]
* {{Official website|http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Tripura}}

[[Category:State agencies of India]]
[[Category:Commissions in India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Women's organisations based in India]]

Shahab-ud-Din Shabban

2026-04-13T05:15:59Z

NIULoyd091: added details

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (1909–1983)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| birth_date = 8 November 1909
| death_date = 6 January 1983
| club = Manavdar
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport | Men's [[field hockey]] }}
{{Medal|Country | {{flag|British India|name=India}} }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] }} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{Medal|Gold | [[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Berlin]] | [[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads#India|Team competition]] }}
}}

'''Shahab-ud-Din Shabban''' (8 November 1909 – 6 January 1983) was an Indian [[field hockey]] player who competed in the [[1936 Summer Olympics]].

He was a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal at [[Berlin]]. He played four matches as forward.

== References ==
* {{cite web |title=Shabban Shahab ud-Din |url=http://databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=SHAHASHA01 |website=databaseOlympics.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704072234/http://databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=SHAHASHA01 |archive-date=4 July 2016}}
* {{cite Sports-Reference |title=Shabban Shahab-ud-Din |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sh/shabban-shahab-ud-din-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203234119/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sh/shabban-shahab-ud-din-1.html |archive-date=3 December 2016}}

== External links ==
* {{Olympics.com|shabab-ud-din-shabban|Shabab-Ud-Din SHABBAN|org_id=shabban-shahab-ud-din|org_name=Shabban SHAHAB-UD-DIN|org_archive=20200301220608}}
* {{Olympedia|name=Shabban Shahab-ud-Din}}

{{India FH Squad 1936 Summer Olympics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahab-ud-Din, Shabban}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1936 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics]]

{{India-Olympic-medalist-stub}}
{{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

Lorry Chapter – 1

2026-04-09T02:35:24Z

NIULoyd091: done

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Sreekanth Reddy Asam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lorry Chapter – 1
| image = Lorry Chapter-1.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = Sreekanth Reddy Asam
| writer = Sreekanth Reddy Asam
| producer = Sreekanth Reddy Asam
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Sreekanth Reddy Asam
*Chandrashikha
*Rockey Sing
}}
| cinematography = Nagarajuna Tadipatri
| editing =
| music =
| studio = King Maker Pictures
| distributor = SKML Motion Pictures
| released = {{film date|2024|8|2|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Lorry Chapter – 1''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by Sreekanth Reddy Asam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=యాక్షన్ ఎంటర్‌టైనర్‌గా లారీ చాప్టర్‌-1.. ఆసక్తిగా ఫస్ట్‌ లుక్‌ పోస్టర్! {{!}} Tollywood Movie Lorry Chapter one Movie First Look Poster Out {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/tollywood-movie-lorry-chapter-one-movie-first-look-poster-out-2050841 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> The film stars Srekanth Reddy Asam and Chandrashikha along with Rockey Sing, Geetha Bhosle in supporting roles. The film was released on 2 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=16 May 2024 |title=Lorry Chapter-1: First Look out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/lorry-chapter-1-first-look-out-894191 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Sreekanth Reddy Asam as Harshavardhan "Hunter"
* Chandrashikha
* Rockey Sing
* Geetha Bhosle

== Production ==
The film noted the debuted direction for Sreekanth Reddy Asam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lorry Chapter 1 - YouTuber Sreekanth Reddy turns actor, director, producer and music composer for his action drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/lorry-chapter-1-youtuber-sreekanth-reddy-turns-actor-director-producer-and-music-composer-for-his-action-drama/8e4f396d4c130 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=16 May 2024 |title=Lorry Chapter 1: యూట్యూబ్‌ వీడియోలతో పాపులర్.. ఇప్పుడు హీరో, దర్శకనిర్మాతగా! {{!}} Lorry Chapter 1 Movie First Look Launched and First Copy Ready KBK |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/cinema-news/lorry-chapter-1-movie-first-look-launched-and-first-copy-ready-kbk-53344.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref> The film was produced by Srekanth Reddy Asam under the banner of King Maker Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=16 May 2024 |title=Lorry Chapter-1: హీరోగా మారిన వివాదాస్పద యూట్యూబర్.. లారి అంటూ వస్తున్నాడు! |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/srikanth-reddy-lorry-chapter-1-first-look-unveiled-594826.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref> The cinematography was done by Nagarajuna Tadipatri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=16 May 2024 |title=Youtuber Sreekanth Reddy ventures into big screen with 'Lorry Chapter-1' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/youtuber-sreekanth-reddy-ventures-into-big-screen-with-lorry-chapter-1-878784 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Zee News]]'' critic stated that "Srikanth Reddy Asam is the main strength of this movie. With his experience as a YouTube star, he became the backbone of this film" and gave two point seven five out of five.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2024 |title=Lorry Chapter 1 Movie Review:'లారీ చాప్టర్ 1 మూవీ.. ప్యాన్ ఇండియా మూవీ మెప్పించిందా..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/lorry-chapter-1-movie-review-rating-and-public-talk-here-are-the-full-review-ta-153014 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Suhas Sistu of ''[[Hans India]]'' rated three out of five and stated that "Overall, "''Lorry - Chapter 1'' offers a thrilling and enjoyable cinematic experience. To truly appreciate Sreekanth's multi-talented prowess, this film is a must-watch in theaters."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2 August 2024 |title='Lorry - Chapter 1' review: Youtuber Srikanth Reddy shines on silver screen |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/lorry-chapter-1-review-youtuber-srikanth-reddy-shines-on-silver-screen-896396 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|32206571}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorry Chapter - 1}}
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Swami Sarvapriyananda

2026-04-04T20:10:11Z

NIULoyd091: added new stub

{{Short description|Hindu monk}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| image = Swami Sarvapriyananda.png
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| education = MBA from [[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar]]
| occupation = [[Sannyasi]] at [[Ramakrishna Order]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| guru = [[Swami Bhuteshananda]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|2|10|df=y}}
| birthname = Biswarup Mitra
| website = {{URL|https://www.vedantany.org/}}
}}

'''Swami Sarvapriyananda''' (pre-monastic name '''Biswarup Mitra''') is a Hindu monk ([[Sannyasa|sannyasi]]) belonging to the [[Ramakrishna Order]]. He is the current resident [[Swami]] and Minister in Charge, of the [[Vedanta Society of New York]], a position he has been serving since January 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Resident Swami - Vedanta Society of New York - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission|url=http://www.vedantany.org/resident-swamis/|access-date=2020-09-21|website=www.vedantany.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>[[Vedanta Society of New York]] [[Vedanta Society of New York]]</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Swami Sarvapriyananda was born in Kolkata and grew up in [[Bhubaneswar|Bhubhaneshwar]], in the Indian state of [[Odisha]] to a pious Bengali family. From childhood onwards, he was inclined towards [[spirituality]] and was inspired by the lives of [[Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna]] and [[Swami Vivekananda]]. His family was also devoutly religious. His parents and grandparents were [[Initiation|initiated]] devotees in the Ramakrishna Order tradition.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Harvard Hindu Monk Swami Sarvapriyananda on Upanishads, Their Central Message and the Bhagvat gita|url=https://indianewengland.com/2020/02/harvard-hindu-monk-swami-sarvapriyananda-on-upanishads-their-central-message-and-the-ashtavakra-gita/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-21|website=indianewengland.com}}</ref> He has stated that his first goal in life was to become a pilot, and the second was to find God, with the second goal later becoming his only goal.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-01|title=Hindu monastics expand their views at Harvard Divinity School|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/11/hindu-monastics-expand-their-views-at-harvard-divinity-school/|access-date=2020-09-21|website=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> At age 23, Sarvapriyananda (then Biswarup Mitra) joined the Ramakrishna Order in 1994 and took his monastic vows as sanyasa diksha was bestowed upon him
by [[Swami Ranganathananda]] in 2004.<ref name=":0"/> His family, at first, objected to his decision to become a monk but later accepted his decision. After passing school, he completed his Business Management degree from [[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar]].{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== Life after Sannyasa ==
Swami Sarvapriyananda served as assistant minister of the [[Vedanta Society Of Southern California, Ramakrishna Monastery|Vedanta Society of Southern California]] in 2015.<ref name=":0" /> He was later appointed head of the [[Vedanta Society of New York]], a position he has been serving since 6 January 2017.<ref name=":0" /> [[Swami Tathagatananda]] was his predecessor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resident Swami - Vedanta Society of New York - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission|url=https://www.vedantany.org/resident-swamis/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.vedantany.org|language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2022}} He was in the first group of Hindu swamis to participate as a Nagral Fellow for the year 2019–20 at [[Harvard Divinity School]].<ref>https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/11/hindu-monastics-expand-their-views-at-harvard-divinity-school/ Harvard Gazette</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Before being posted to the Hollywood Temple, he served as an [[acharya]] or teacher at Monastic probationer training center, [[Belur Math]]. He also served the [[Ramakrishna Order]] by becoming the vice principal of Deoghar Vidyapith Higher Secondary School and becoming Principal of [[Ramakrishna Mission Shikshanamandira]] (teacher-training college), Belur Math.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swami Sarvapriyananda - Academia.edu|url=https://independent.academia.edu/SwamiSarvapriyananda|access-date=2021-05-31|website=independent.academia.edu}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2022}}

== Teachings ==
Swami Sarvapriyananda frequently speaks at symposia and events focused on [[Advaita Vedanta]] teachings,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-01|title=Bhagavad Gita and Management|url=https://www.shu.edu/business/news/bhagavad-gita-and-management.cfm|access-date=2020-10-01|website=Seton Hall University|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-30|title=St. Louis celebrates Swami Vivekananda's 125th anniversary of Chicago addresses {{!}} India Post News Paper|url=https://www.indiapost.com/st-louis-celebrates-swami-vivekanandas-125th-anniversary-of-chicago-addresses/|access-date=2020-10-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=bdnews24.com|first=Uday Sankar Das from London|title=Vivekananda Festival held in London to promote peace and tolerance|url=https://bdnews24.com/world/2019/07/23/vivekananda-festival-held-in-london-with-great-fervour|access-date=2020-10-01|website=bdnews24.com}}</ref> and has participated in discussions with other [[Nonduality (spirituality)|non-dualists]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Vedas: Everything There Is Deepak Chopra + Swami Sarvapriyananda {{!}} Rubin Museum of Art|url=https://rubinmuseum.org/mediacenter/the-vedas-everything-there-is|access-date=2020-10-01|website=rubinmuseum.org|language=english}}</ref> He is a very strong proponent and scholar of the Indian [[Upanishads|Upanishad]] school of thought and the philosophy or [[Darśana|Darshan]], particularly of [[Atman (Hinduism)|Self]] and [[Consciousness]] contained in them. He has delivered many lectures on the same topic. In episode five of Dispatches from The Well<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consciousness: Not just a problem for philosophers |url=https://bigthink.com/the-well/dispatches-podcast-episode-5/}}</ref> hosted at [[Big Think]] media portal, he reflects on contributions of Vedanta to the conversation on the [[Hard problem of consciousness]].
[[Fortune India]] mentions Sarvapriyananda as "one of the best known lecturers of the [[Vedanta]] in the world today".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Detached ownership: Management lessons from the Ramakrishna Mission|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/polemicist/detached-ownership-management-lessons-from-the-ramakrishna-mission/102829|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.fortuneindia.com|date=3 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Speaking with ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' on the occasion of the [[International Day of Yoga]] in 2018, Sarvapriyananda stated that "doing ([[yoga]]) the right way can change the way you live, work and love" while criticising the "vulgarisation and distortion of yoga today".<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=International Yoga Day 2018: Top Yoga Teachers Give Advice|url=https://time.com/5315571/international-yoga-day-2018/|access-date=2020-10-01|magazine=Time}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Dissolve into Infinity'', Juggernaut. 2021.
* ''What is Vedanta?'', Juggernaut. 2021.
* ''Who Am I?'', Juggernaut. 2021.
* ''Reflections on Dakshinamurti Stotram'', [[Vedanta Society of New York]], 2025.
* ''Mahavakya : The Essence of Vedanta'', Vedanta Society of New York, 2025.
* ''Fullness & Emptiness : Vedanta and Buddhism'', Vedanta Society of New York, 2025.
* ''Conversations on Vedanta in Practice'', Vedanta Society of New York, 2025.

==Videography==
* [https://www.youtube.com/@VedantaNY Vedanta Society of New York] : YouTube channel

== See also ==

* [[Ranganathananda]]
* [[Swami Tathagatananda]]
* [[Swami Samarpanananda]]
* [[Mahendranath Gupta]]
* [[Vedanta Society of New York]]
* [[Vedanta Society Of Southern California, Ramakrishna Monastery|Vedanta Society of Southern California]]
* [[Advaita Vedanta]]
* [[Neo-Vedanta]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Hindu reform movements|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarvapriyananda, Swami}}
[[Category:People from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]

Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel

2026-04-02T22:01:21Z

NIULoyd091: put up!

{{Short description|Indian industrial promotion scheme}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}

'''Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel''' scheme was announced by [[Government of India]] in 2021 to promote the industries [[manufacturing]] [[Textile industry|Textiles]]. The project is aimed for promoting [[Sustainable Development Goals|Sustainable Development Goal]] 9 by [[United Nations]]. The scheme aims to integrate the entire process of garment manufacturing, which includes spinning, weaving, dyeing or processing, and printing at one place.

== History ==
Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (MITRA) was announced in 2021 by the Government of India to encourage the textile industry.<ref name="mi6">{{cite news |title=Cabinet approves setting up of 7 mega integrated textile region and apparel parks with ₹4,445 crore outlay |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cab-approves-setting-up-of-7-mega-integrated-textile-region-and-apparel-parks-with-rs-4445-cr-outlay/article36858058.ece?homepage=true |access-date=9 August 2022 |publisher=thehindu.com/ |date=6 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="mi1">{{cite news |title=States must ensure affordable power, land, effective labour laws to be part of textiles park scheme: Piyush Goyal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/states-must-ensure-affordable-power-land-effective-labour-laws-to-be-part-of-textiles-park-scheme-piyush-goyal/articleshow/92727310.cms |access-date=15 July 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="mi9">{{cite news |title=Centre Approves ₹ 4,445 Crore For Scheme To Set Up Mega Textile Parks |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-union-cabinet-approves-rs-4-445-crore-for-scheme-to-set-up-mega-textile-parks-2565894 |access-date=9 August 2022 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=6 October 2021}}</ref> Shortlisted places in the states can set up Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel either at brownfield (which has been built on) sites or at greenfield (not earlier been built on) sites.<ref name="mi4">{{cite news |title=Govt notifies PM Mega Integrated Textile Park Scheme for greenfield, brownfield sites |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/govt-notifies-pm-mega-integrated-textile-park-scheme-for-greenfield-brownfield-sites/article37125301.ece |access-date=16 July 2022 |publisher=thehindubusinessline.com |date=22 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mi5">{{cite news |title=Govt notifies setting up of 7 mega integrated textile region and apparel (PM MITRA) parks |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-textile/govt-notifies-setting-up-of-7-mega-integrated-textile-region-and-apparel-pm-mitra-parks-121102500249_1.html |access-date=16 July 2022 |publisher=indiainfoline.com |date=25 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Parks ==

Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel is planned to be set up in seven places with a planned expenditure of Rs 4,445 crores.<ref name="mi3">{{cite news |title=PM MITRA: Government releases 5 metrics to decide sites |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/garments-/-textiles/pm-mitra-government-releases-5-metrics-to-decide-sites/articleshow/88981526.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 July 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=19 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="mi1" /><ref name="mi7">{{cite news |title=Union Cabinet approves setting up of 7 mega integrated textile region and apparel parks with Rs 4,445 cr outlay |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/union-cabinet-approves-setting-up-of-7-mega-integrated-textile-region-and-apparel-parks-with-rs-4445-cr-outlay-1037925.html |access-date=9 August 2022 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=6 October 2021}}</ref>

The following sites were selected for setting up PM MITRA parks.<ref>https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2114277</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
|Sl. no.
|Site
|Category
|-
|1
|Virudhnagar, Tamil Nadu
|Greenfield
|-
|2
|Navsari, Gujarat
|Greenfield
|-
|3
|Kalaburagi, Karnataka
|Greenfield
|-
|4
|Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
|Greenfield
|-
|5
|Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
|Greenfield
|-
|6
|Warangal, Telangana
|Brownfield
|-
|7
|Amravati, Maharashtra
|Brownfield
|}

== Benefits ==

Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel will have the following facilities:<ref name="mi2">{{cite news |title=Textiles ministry to follow 'challenge method' to select states for MITRA scheme |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/textiles-ministry-to-follow-challenge-method-to-select-states-for-mitra-scheme-306494-2021-09-12 |access-date=15 July 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=12 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

* Development of large scale and modern industrial infrastructure facilities in an integrated system as a complete value-chain for the textile industry
* Helpful in reducing cost for logistics
* Makes Indian textile competitive
* Increase employment opportunities

== See also ==

* [[Textile industry in India]]
* [[Make in India]]
* [[Production Linked Incentive schemes in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/pm-mega-integrated-textile-region-and-apparel-pm-mitra Official website]

[[Category:Textile industry in India]]

Tiloi

2026-03-26T15:58:01Z

NIULoyd091: added new page...

{{one source|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tiloi
| native_name = Tīloi
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tiloi block map.png
| map_caption = Map of Tiloi CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.392714|N|81.475942|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{cite web |title=GeoNames Search |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=geonames.nga.mil |access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412035207/https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Amethi district|Amethi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011" />
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.35
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6956
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 229308<ref name="Census 2011" />
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tiloi''' is a town and [[tehsil]] headquarters in [[Amethi district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook – Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=142–58 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> Located near [[Mohanganj]] on the [[Jais]]-[[Inhauna]] road, Tiloi is notable as the historical seat of a major [[taluqdar]]i estate held by the [[Kanhpuria]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Rai Bareli: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXIX Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=81–5, 197, 230 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35020 |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, its population was 6,956, in 1,257 households.<ref name="Census 2011" />

Tiloi hosts a [[Ramlila]] festival annually on [[Dussehra]], involving a dramatic reenactment of the [[Ramayana]].<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 – Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=144, 147, 166–7, 173, xxiv-xxv of section "Maharajganj Tahsil"|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>

== History ==
Tiloi was historically the seat of a large [[taluqdar]]i estate held by a branch of the [[Kanhpuria]] Rajputs.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> At the turn of the 20th century, Tiloi was the second-largest taluqa in Raebareli district, after [[Khajurgaon]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> The Kanhpurias of Tiloi were descendants of Rahas, one of the two sons of the eponymous founder Kanh (the other branch, descended from his brother Sahas, was mostly based in what is now [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]]).<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Five generations after Rahas was Parshad Singh, who divided his lands among his three sons.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> The oldest, Janga Singh, was based at Tiloi and ruled over what was then the entire [[pargana]] of [[Jais]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> (This corresponds with the later parganas of Rokha-Jais, [[Simrauta]], [[Mohanganj, Raebareli|Mohanganj]], and [[Gaura-Jamun]] in what is now [[Sultanpur district]].)<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Janga Singh's brothers were based at [[Ateha]] and Simrauta respectively.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

The Tiloi estate was first divided upon the death of Janga Singh's grandson, Jagdis Rai.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> His younger son, Indrajit, inherited the territory of Gaura-Jamun and was the ancestor of several branches of the dynasty including the rajas of [[Katari, Sultanpur|Katari]] and taluqdars of [[Jamun, Sultanpur|Jamun]], [[Raisi, Sultanpur|Raisi]], [[Baraulia]], and [[Bhawan-Shahpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Jagdis Rai's elder son, Mitrajit, kept Tiloi.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> His son, Kandhe Rai, unsuccessfully attacked the [[Pathan]]s of [[Pahremau]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Kandhe Rai's two sons, Udebhan and Gulal Sah, again divided the estate, with Udebhan receiving Tiloi and Gulal Sah receiving [[Shahmau]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> During Udebhan's reign, the [[Kurmi]]s took up arms against the Kanhpurias and were not defeated until after his death.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

Surat Singh, who was blind and succeeded Udebhan as raja of Tiloi sometime between 1670 and 1680, was an energetic ruler who "thoroughly established his position as head of the entire clan".<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> He finally defeated the Kurmis and supposedly came to rule over 14 parganas.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> He came into conflict with the [[Sombansi]]s of Pratapgarh district, but was defeated in battle by them at [[Hindaur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Surat Singh's successor, Gopal Singh, had a relatively unremarkable reign.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> He favoured his younger son, Niwal Singh, which outraged his older son, the one-eyed Mohan Singh, so much that he had Gopal Singh murdered and installed himself on the Tiloi throne by force.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Mohan Singh was another energetic ruler who went on several military campaigns and lived to an old age before dying in 1743.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

Mohan Singh's son Pem Singh ruled for only five years and died in 1748.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> His son Balbhaddar Singh, though, was a renowned warrior who joined forces with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] against the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and was given a [[Mansabdar|mansab]] of 5,000, becoming one of the highest-ranking Awadhi grandees at the imperial court.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Balbhaddar Singh eventually died in battle while rebelling against the [[Nawab of Awadh]]; as he was childless, one of his widows invested Chhatardhari Singh of Shahmau as the next raja of Tiloi, but this was contested by the rest of the Kanhpurias.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Another widow of Balbhaddar Singh adopted Shankar Singh of Asni as heir to the Tiloi throne, and a 15-year-long war of succession followed.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> This was eventually resolved by a compromise where both claimants received the title of Raja, but neither was given the throne of Tiloi.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> However, Shankar Singh later gained control of Tiloi through peaceful means.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

The messy succession meant that the Tiloi estate had become broken up, and Shankar Singh's successor Bunyad Singh inherited "only a fraction" of the large territory once held by Balbhaddar Singh.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> His adopted nephew Raja Jagpal Singh at first joined the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] but later switched sides and joined the British, and was later rewarded with a large grant of confiscated lands.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> The hereditary title of [[Raja]] was confirmed by the British in 1877, and then in 1882 this was further elaborated to [[Raja Bahadur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

At the turn of the 20th century, Tiloi was described as a market village whose importance mainly derived from its status as the estate capital.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> The market was small but of some significance, and it was held twice per week on Wednesdays and Sundays.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> There was also a primary school and the taluqdar's residence.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" /> Its population in 1901 was 2,768 people, including 359 [[Muslim]]s and a fair number of [[Bania (caste)|Banias]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905" />

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Tiloi (as "Teoli") as comprising 16 hamlets, with a total population of 2,205 people (1,070 male and 1,136 female), in 492 households and 481 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961" /> The area of the village was given as 1,366 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961" /> It had a medical practitioner and a post office at that time, as well as a government-run [[dispensary]].<ref name="Census 1961" /> The S.P.N. Higher Secondary School in Tiloi, founded in 1953, had in 1961 a faculty of 14 teachers (all male) and a student body of 341 males and 9 females.<ref name="Census 1961" /> Average attendance of the biweekly market was given as about 1,000 people at the time, while attendance of the annual Ramlila festival was about 15,000.<ref name="Census 1961" />

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Tiloi as having a population of 3,682 people, in 874 households, and having an area of 552.41 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=58–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>

== Villages ==
Tiloi CD block has the following 83 villages:<ref name="Census 2011" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Thokarpur]] || 303.5 || 2,707
|-
| [[Maheshpur, Tiloi|Maheshpur]] || 43.1 || 99
|-
| [[Semrauta]] || 617.2 || 6,243
|-
| [[Pure Laximan Dei]] || 28.6 || 228
|-
| [[Basantpur, Raebareli|Basantpur]] || 311.5 || 1,990
|-
| [[Rajapur Halim]] || 367 || 1,469
|-
| [[Satgawan, Raebareli|Satgawan]] || 292.6 || 2,747
|-
| [[Ambarpur Farsi]] || 289.2 || 2,188
|-
| [[Ramnagar, Tiloi|Ramnagar]] || 166.9 || 1,389
|-
| [[Kisunpur]] || 63.6 || 374
|-
| [[Pure Baheliya]] || 76.8 || 478
|-
| [[Kamae, Raebareli|Kamae]] || 630.5 || 3,816
|-
| [[Chingahi]] || 736.6 || 1,768
|-
| [[Bhadmar]] || 288.7 || 2,038
|-
| [[Revata Deeh]] || 90.3 || 671
|-
| [[Biraj, Raebareli|Biraj]] || 559.4 || 3,716
|-
| [[Bhadsana]] || 426.2 || 1,862
|-
| [[Ashapur Gari]] || 295.4 || 2,026
|-
| [[Kotwa, Tiloi|Kotwa]] || 225.6 || 1,544
|-
| [[Saidpur, Tiloi|Saidpur]] || 103.1 || 474
|-
| [[Karaunka]] || 96.4 || 378
|-
| [[Pure Dwandi]] || 203.8 || 518
|-
| [[Sijni, Raebareli|Sijni]] || 272 || 1,210
|-
| [[Ondeeh]] || 272 || 2,115
|-
| [[Alaipur]] || 393.9 || 1,632
|-
| [[Chhichha]] || 283.2 || 996
|-
| [[Besarwa]] || 216.4 || 1,484
|-
| [[Pure Manimanohar]] || 133.5 || 959
|-
| [[Pure Manga]] || 57.2 || 294
|-
| [[Baghauna]] || 260.3 || 1,291
|-
| [[Uttarpara, Raebareli|Uttarpara]] || 189.4 || 1,263
|-
| [[Chaura, Raebareli|Chaura]] || 67.4 || 507
|-
| [[Rajwapur, Tiloi|Rajwapur]] || 86.6 || 191
|-
| [[Dhanhuwa]] || 72.4 || 349
|-
| [[Satwa, Tiloi|Satwa]] || 93.6 || 743
|-
| [[Ramae]] || 395.1 || 2,529
|-
| [[Pakar Gaon]] || 1,054.5 || 6,266
|-
| [[Chetra Khurd]] || 105.3 || 384
|-
| [[Chetra Bujurg]] || 426.8 || 3,836
|-
| [[Bardharme]] || 195.3 || 960
|-
| [[Saimbasi]] || 472.5 || 2,420
|-
| [[Sangrampur, Raebareli|Sangrampur]] || 180.4 || 1,053
|-
| [[Barkot, Raebareli|Barkot]] || 373.3 || 2,428
|-
| [[Savitapur]] || 158.8 || 849
|-
| [[Pashchim Tiloi]] || 166.3 || 1,042
|-
| [[Devkali, Raebareli|Devkali]] || 242.4 || 1,127
|-
| '''Tiloi''' (block headquarters) || 535 || 6,956
|-
| [[Sangipur]] || 98 || 742
|-
| [[Ashapur Ruru]] || 132.8 || 3,477
|-
| [[Bhelai Khurd]] || 189.9 || 736
|-
| [[Bhelai Kalan]] || 220.4 || 3,120
|-
| [[Kutmara]] || 113.7 || 1,026
|-
| [[Rajanpur, Raebareli|Rajanpur]] || 88.2 || 1,052
|-
| [[Lodhwariya]] || 181.2 || 2,073
|-
| [[Ariyawan]] || 177.9 || 2,437
|-
| [[Saraiya, Raebareli|Saraiya]] || 139.1 || 747
|-
| [[Nasaratpur]] || 178 || 1,069
|-
| [[Kamapur]] || 64.6 || 570
|-
| [[Chathuwa]] || 334.5 || 3,482
|-
| [[Marhauna]] || 342 || 3,530
|-
| [[Khanapur Ban]] || 133.2 || 781
|-
| [[Rajamau, Tiloi|Rajamau]] || 256.5 || 2,171
|-
| [[Garehari]] || 458.4 || 3,085
|-
| [[Jagdishpur, Tiloi|Jagdishpur]] || 41.4 || 435
|-
| [[Jamurwa, Tiloi|Jamurwa]] || 672.1 || 4,533
|-
| [[Murtajapur, Raebareli|Murtajapur]] || 63.9 || 436
|-
| [[Todarpur, Tiloi|Todarpur]] || 77.4 || 533
|-
| [[Hanswa]] || 394 || 2,326
|-
| [[Asni, Tiloi|Asni]] || 241.9 || 2,244
|-
| [[Dhorhanpur]] || 447.8 || 3,586
|-
| [[Lihi, Raebareli|Lihi]] || 271.9 || 1,618
|-
| [[Ahuri]] || 741.1 || 4,606
|-
| [[Meera Mau]] || 212.1 || 1,350
|-
| [[Berara]] || 270.4 || 2,195
|-
| [[Koora]] || 912.4 || 4,722
|-
| [[Narayanpur, Tiloi|Narayanpur]] || 133.2 || 467
|-
| [[Shah Mau]] || 144.4 || 1,647
|-
| [[Balapur, Raebareli|Balapur]] || 111.5 || 437
|-
| [[Janapur]] || 249.5 || 2,221
|-
| [[Agauna]] || 442.3 || 2,478
|-
| [[Bhagirathpur, Raebareli|Bhagirathpur]] || 302.1 || 2,743
|-
| [[Tama Mau]] || 148.3 || 1,577
|-
| [[Belwa Hasanpur]] || 400 || 2,224
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]
[[Category:Zamindari estates in Uttar Pradesh]]

Shav Vahini Ganga

2026-03-25T16:24:21Z

NIULoyd091:

{{short description|Gujarati poem by Parul Khakhar}}
{{Infobox poem
|name = "Shav Vahini Ganga"
|author = Parul Khakhar
|original_title = શબવાહિની ગંગા
|original_title_lang = gu
|translator =
|written = May 2021
|country = India
|language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|subject =
|form =
|rhyme = AABBAA
|publication_date = {{Start date|2021|5|11|df=y}}
|lines = 14
}}

"'''Shav Vahini Ganga'''" or "'''Shab-Vahini Ganga'''" (English: "[[Ganges]], the Hearse of Corpses") is a 2021 [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-language poem that was written by Indian poet Parul Khakhar. The poem criticises the [[Modi government|Indian government's]] handling of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Her verses attracted widespread attention, particularly on social media, after she posted the poem on [[Facebook]]. The poem has been translated into several languages.

==Background==
Parul Khakhar is a Gujarati-language poet from [[Amreli]], [[Gujarat]], India.<ref name="Salil Tripathi 2021"/> She was fifty-one years old when she wrote "Shav Vahini Ganga" ("A Hearse called Ganges").<ref name="Biswas 2021"/>

As the second wave of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] swept over India, the country's newspapers began to cover the crisis by publishing disturbing images, including those of massed corpses of people suspected of dying from COVID-19, on their front pages. Cremation facilities were overwhelmed by the sharp rise in the demand for funerals. Patients died due to a lack of oxygen cylinders. Moved by these media reports, Parul Khakhar wrote a Gujarati-language poem called "Shav Vahini Ganga".<ref name="Biswas 2021">{{cite web|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|title=Parul Khakhar: The Indian Stay-at-home Mum Trolled For Poem on Covid Dead|website=BBC News|date=20 June 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-57499775|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006213655/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-57499775|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 May 2021, when she posted the poem on [[Facebook]], it went viral and was soon translated into several languages.<ref name="The Wire 2021">{{cite web|first=Deepal|last=Trivedi|title=BJP Furious as Top Gujarati Poet Blames 'Naked King' Modi for Corpses Floating in the Ganga|website=The Wire|date=15 May 2021|url=https://thewire.in/the-arts/parul-khakkar-gujarati-poem-ganga-bodies-covid|access-date=29 Sep 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007163520/https://thewire.in/the-arts/parul-khakkar-gujarati-poem-ganga-bodies-covid|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Susan 2021">{{cite web|last=Susan|first=Nisha|title=The Uncertainty of the Artist|website=Mintlounge|date=25 Jun 2021|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/opinion/the-uncertainty-of-the-artist-111624546470174.html|access-date=29 Sep 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929183849/https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/opinion/the-uncertainty-of-the-artist-111624546470174.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The translations also went viral on social media.<ref name="The Wire 2021"/>

==Composition==
"Shav Vahini Ganga" is a 14-line poem with an AABBAA rhyme scheme.<ref name="The Wire 2021"/> The poem is written in the style of ''[[Marsiya]]'', an elegiac poem or [[dirge]].<ref name="Salil Tripathi 2021">{{cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|author-link=Salil Tripathi|title=The Pandemic Poetry of Indians Has Roused Readers Far and Wide|newspaper=Mint|date=27 May 2021|url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/the-pandemic-poetry-of-indians-has-roused-readers-far-and-wide-11622046743039.html|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006212445/https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/the-pandemic-poetry-of-indians-has-roused-readers-far-and-wide-11622046743039.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The locus of her image, the Ganges river, is a core symbol of sacredness and is well known as such throughout India.<ref name="Tripathi 2021">{{cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|author-link=Salil Tripathi|newspaper=the Guardian|date=28 May 2021|title=The Poem That's Channelling India's Anger About the Pandemic|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/28/poem-india-pandemic-gujarati-covid-narendra-modi|access-date=29 Sep 2021|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009193148/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/28/poem-india-pandemic-gujarati-covid-narendra-modi|url-status=live}}</ref> The poem evokes the ire of the virus as it leaves a trail of death, as abandoned dead bodies float along the river, the smokes arise from funerary pyres, and the chimneys in crematoria undergo a meltdown from the number of bodies they had to incinerate. The piece, as a lament for the dead, lists a number of collateral effects of the pandemic, including the scarcity of pallbearers and mourners, and the drying up of the flow of tears.<ref name="Doshi 2021"/>

The poem implicitly criticises the [[Modi government|Narendra Modi government]] and attributes the government's inaction to the deaths that occurred during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="Scroll 2021">{{cite web|title='Conspiracy' by 'Literary Naxals': Gujarat Sahitya Akademi Criticises Poem on Corpses Found in Ganga|website=Scroll.in|date=10 Jun 2021|url=https://scroll.in/latest/997145/wants-to-spread-anarchy-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-criticises-poem-about-floating-corpses-in-ganga|access-date=8 Oct 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008204537/https://scroll.in/latest/997145/wants-to-spread-anarchy-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-criticises-poem-about-floating-corpses-in-ganga|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Susan 2021"/> The poem describes [[Narendra Modi]], the prime minister of India, as a "naked king" ruling a ''Ram Rajya'' where the sacred river Ganga serves as a hearse for corpses.<ref name="The Wire 2021"/> In writing of the city that "burns as he fiddles", the Prime Minister, without being directly named, is likened to the Roman Emperor [[Nero]]. Modi is addressed in the lines:

<poem>O King, this entire city has at last seen your real face
O King, in your Ram-Rajya, do you see the bodies flowing along the Ganges?<ref name="Doshi 2021">{{cite news|last=Doshi|first=Tishani|author-link=Tishani Doshi|title=Flogged, Imprisoned, Murdered: Today, Being a Poet Is a Dangerous Job|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 July 2021|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jul/05/flogged-imprisoned-murdered-today-being-a-poet-is-a-dangerous-job|access-date=21 September 2021|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804015704/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jul/05/flogged-imprisoned-murdered-today-being-a-poet-is-a-dangerous-job|url-status=live}}</ref></poem>

The people of India are called upon to:

<poem>Come out and shout and say it loud
The naked King is lame and weak.<ref name="Biswas 2021"/></poem>

==Reception==
The poem received both praises and criticism, and immediately became popular as comments on social media picked it up and multiplied it exponentially.<ref name="Susan 2021"/> It was translated into several languages including [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], English, [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="The Wire 2021"/><ref name="Tripathi 2021"/> Musical compositions for the Gujarati and Punjabi versions were released.<ref name="Tripathi 2021"/> [[Shalini Randeria]] and [[Ilija Trojanow]] published a German translation in ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' on 21 May 2021, along with their commentary on the poem.<ref name="The Wire June 2021">{{cite web|title=Gujarati Writers, Readers Condemn Sahitya Akademi's Vilification of Poem on Ganga Corpses|website=The Wire|date=18 June 2021|url=https://thewire.in/rights/gujarat-sahitya-akademi-parul-khakhar-poem-vilification|access-date=8 Oct 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095219/https://thewire.in/rights/gujarat-sahitya-akademi-parul-khakhar-poem-vilification|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FAZ 2021">{{cite news|title=Ein Gedicht erschüttert Indien: Im Ganges fließt nur der Tod|newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|date=21 May 2021|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/im-ganges-der-tod-parul-khakkars-gedicht-erschuettert-indien-17349147.html|language=de|access-date=8 Oct 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095216/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/im-ganges-der-tod-parul-khakkars-gedicht-erschuettert-indien-17349147.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Hindi translation was done by Ilyas Sheikh.<ref name="The Wire 2021"/>

Khakhar was acclaimed for writing "such a powerful and brave poem" but was also "bombarded with abusive messages".<ref name="Devkala 2021">{{cite news|last=Devkala|first=Mehul|title=Gujarati Poem Criticises Govt's Handling of Covid Resurgence|newspaper=Telegraph India|date=20 May 2021|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarati-poem-criticises-govts-handling-of-covid-resurgence/cid/1816172|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006210953/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gujarati-poem-criticises-govts-handling-of-covid-resurgence/cid/1816172|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Salil Tripathi]] writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'' noted users of social media posted over 28,000 abusive comments reacting to her allusion to the responsibility of the Indian government.<ref name="Tripathi 2021"/><ref name="The Wire 2021"/>

[[Prakash N. Shah]] and Salil Tripathi compared "Shav Vahini Ganga" with [[Hans Christian Andersen]]'s tale ''[[The Emperor's New Clothes]]'', emphasizing its power of telling a visible yet unperceived truth concerning the rulers of the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shah|first=Prakash N.|author-link=Prakash N. Shah|title='શબવાહિની ગંગા'ની સાખે|date=28 May 2021 |url=https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/7240/shabavaahinee-ganganee-saakhe|language=gu|access-date=2021-09-29|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628173845/https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/7240/shabavaahinee-ganganee-saakhe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tripathi 2021"/> According to [[Babu Suthar]], "Shav Vahini Ganga" should be viewed as a [[Resistance literature|protest poem]] in which the traditional, dominant Gujarati [[poetics]] of representation and transformation are put aside, and language is used as a weapon against the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Suthar|first=Babu|date=28 June 2021 |author-link=Babu Suthar|script-title=gu:પ્રતિકારની કવિતા|trans-title=Poetry of Resistance|url=https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/7363/pratikaarnee-kavitaa|language=gu|access-date=2021-09-29|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628172648/https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/7363/pratikaarnee-kavitaa|url-status=live}}</ref>

The popular Gujarati writer [[Kaajal Oza Vaidya]] published an article about the poem in ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]'' on 16 May 2021.<ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2021">{{cite news|last=Vaidya|first=Kaajal Oza|author-link=Kaajal Oza Vaidya|title=માય સ્પેસ: દુઃખ પારાવાર... મૂઈ આ સરકાર !|newspaper=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|date=16 May 2021|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/magazine/rasrang/news/dukh-parawar-mooi-this-government-128491509.html|language=gu|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518152537/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/magazine/rasrang/news/dukh-parawar-mooi-this-government-128491509.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While calling the criticism of the government's handling of the pandemic "fashionable", she blamed the general populace for not following the COVID-19-related guidelines.<ref name="Salil Tripathi 2021"/>

===Gujarat Sahitya Akademi's criticism and responses===

The following month, an editorial appeared in the June issue of ''[[Shabdasrishti]]'', a publication of [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name="Ritu Sharma 2021">{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Ritu|title=Poem on Bodies in Ganga: Gujarat Sahitya Akademi Sees 'Anarchy', 'Literary Naxals'|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=10 Jun 2021|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/poem-on-bodies-in-ganga-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-sees-anarchy-literary-naxals-7351761/|access-date=8 Oct 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008203935/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/poem-on-bodies-in-ganga-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-sees-anarchy-literary-naxals-7351761/|url-status=live}}</ref> Without explicitly mentioning "Shav Vahini Ganga", the editorial dismissed it as "pointless angst expressed in a state of agitation"<ref name="Doshi 2021"/> and called those who discussed or shared the poem "literary [[Naxals]]".<ref name="Ritu Sharma 2021"/><ref name="Sharma 2021"/> [[Vishnu Pandya]], the editor of ''Shabdasrishti'', wrote in ''[[The Indian Express]]'': "There is no essence of poetry in the poem and neither it is the proper way to pen down poetry. This could be merely venting out one's anger or frustration, and it is being misused by liberals, [[Protests against Narendra Modi|anti-Modi]], anti-[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and anti-[[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] elements."<ref name="Ritu Sharma 2021"/>

After the publication of this editorial, which appeared to defend the Indian government, around 169 Gujarati writers issued a statement demanding its withdrawal.<ref name="Sharma 2021">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ritu|title=Litterateurs Demand Withdrawal of Gujarat Sahitya Akademi Editorial|website=The Indian Express|date=18 Jun 2021|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/litterateurs-withdrawal-of-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-editorial-7363821/|access-date=29 Sep 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929152533/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/litterateurs-withdrawal-of-gujarat-sahitya-akademi-editorial-7363821/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the signatories included [[Amrit Gangar]], [[Anil R. Joshi|Anil Joshi]], [[Babu Suthar]], [[Gulam Mohammed Sheikh]], [[Himanshi Shelat]], [[Jignesh Mevani]], [[Kamal Vora]], [[Mallika Sarabhai]], [[Panna Naik]], [[Praful Raval]], [[Prakash N. Shah]], [[Pravin Pandya]], [[Priti Sengupta]], [[Salil Tripathi]], [[Sanjay Chhel]], [[Sharifa Vijaliwala]], [[Suman Shah]], [[Yoseph Macwan]], [[Zakia Soman]].<ref name="Desai 2021">{{cite news|last=Desai|first=Nachiketa|title=Gujarati Writers, Poets and Artists Condemn State Sahitya Academy For Maligning Poet Parul Khakkar|newspaper=National Herald|date=18 Jun 2021|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/gujarati-writers-poets-and-artists-condemn-state-sahitya-academy-for-maligning-poet-parul-khakkar|access-date=8 Oct 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008205823/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/gujarati-writers-poets-and-artists-condemn-state-sahitya-academy-for-maligning-poet-parul-khakkar|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly afterwards, Khakhar published a poem entitled "Taare Bolvanu Nahi" ("You Should Not Speak") in ''Nireekshak'', a journal edited by Prakash N. Shah. In the issue, around half of the 16 contributions were written by the signatories of the statement and consisted of literary protests challenging the ''Shabdasrishti'' editorial.<ref name="Sharma 2021"/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=25em}}

==External links==
* [https://layastaro.com/?p=18614 Gujarati text of the poem]
* [https://agitatejournal.org/shav-vahini-ganga-ganga-the-carrier-of-corpses-%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5/ Translated versions of the poem]

[[Category:2021 poems]]
[[Category:Poems in Gujarati]]
[[Category:Indian poems]]
[[Category:Works about the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Cultural responses to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

Citilinc-Nashik City Bus Service

2026-03-24T20:51:51Z

NIULoyd091: made a place from scratch...

{{Short description|Bus service in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox bus company
| name = Nashik Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited- Citilinc
| logo = File:Citilinc Logo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| image = Citilinc.png
| image_size =
| image_caption = Citilinc bus at Bhagur Bus Stand
| parent = Nashik Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (NMPML)
| founded = 8 July 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/citilinc-bags-urban-transport-award/articleshow/87243358.cms|title=Citilic-Nashik city service was launched by former chief minister Devendra Fadnavis on July 8|publisher=Times of India|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref>
| headquarters = NMPML, Nr. Golf Club Ground, Trambakeshwar Road, Opp. Veer Savarkar Taran Talav, [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]] 422002
| locale = [[Nashik Metropolitan Region]]
| service_area = [[Nashik]]
| service_type = [[Public transport bus service|Bus]]
| alliance =
| routes = 63<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citilinc.nmc.gov.in/|title=Nashik Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited's Cititlinc daily ridership route}}</ref>
| stops = 1392
| hubs = {{flatlist|
* Tapovan
* Nimani
* New CBS
* [[Nashik Road]]
* Adgaon (Under construction for E-Buses)
}}
| depots = 4
| fleet = 250 (50 more AC E-Bus to be inducted by March 2025) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citilinc.nmc.gov.in/#/|title=Citilic-nashik city bus service home page}}</ref>
| ridership = 1.15 Lakh daily <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citilinc.nmc.gov.in/#/|title=Nashik Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited's Cititlinc daily ridership}}</ref>
| annual_ridership =
| fuel_type = Diesel, CNG<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/citilinc-bags-urban-transport-award/articleshow/87243358.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2021-10-25|title=The NMPML has 200 CNG-run and 50 diesel-run buses and at present, 105 buses are operational across the city.|date=25 October 2021 }}</ref>
| leader_type = Chairman & Managing Director
| leader = Dr.Ashok Karanjkar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| website = {{URL|https://citilinc.nmc.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Citilinc''' is the public transport bus service provided by '''Nashik Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd''' ([[Special Purpose Vehicle|SPV]] of [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]) for the city of [[Nashik]], in [[Maharashtra]]. It operates 63 routes around Nashik and its suburban areas with the use of a fleet of nearly 250 buses. Presently, the routes cover a radius of 20km in and around the Nashik area.

== History ==
In 2020, the Nashik Municipal Corporation submitted a feasibility report to the [[Government of Maharashtra]], for the privatisation of bus services in Nashik, as existing services being operated by the state-run [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSRTC)<ref>{{Cite news|date= 27 September 2020|first=Tushar|last=Pawar|title=NMC to gift its city bus service to citizens on Diwali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/nmc-to-gift-its-city-bus-service-to-citizens-on-diwali/articleshow/78338950.cms|access-date=9 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> were found to be loss-making and insufficient for the needs of the city.

== Operations ==
NMPML has a fleet of 250 buses out of which 200 are diesel and 50 are run on CNG which are maintained at 2 bus depots, which ferry around 68000 passengers every day. Distant towns like Sinnar, Dindori, Sukena, Pimpalgaon Baswant, Jategaon, etc. are becoming part of the service. NMPML also plans to acquire 100 electric buses under [[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation|PM Amrut Scheme]] in to the existing fleet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/nashik/nashik-revs-up-for-green-transit-50-electric-buses-to-roll-out-soon-under-pm-amrut-scheme-a505/|title=Nashik Revs Up for Green Transit: 50 Electric Buses to Roll Out Soon Under PM Amrut Scheme|work=Lokmat Times|date= 2 May 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bus transport in India]]
[[Category:Nashik]]
[[Category:Transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Municipal transport agencies of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2021]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2021]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 2021]]

OC Meira

2026-03-24T00:38:15Z

NIULoyd091: new new stub

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (born 1977)}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}

'''OC Meira''', also known as '''Oinamcha Meira''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝꯆꯥ ꯃꯩꯔꯥ}}, born 19 August 1977), is an Indian filmmaker, journalist, and creative writer from [[Manipur]]. He is known for directing several [[Meitei language]] short and feature films and for his involvement in [[Meitei literature]] and journalism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=OC Meira Oinamcha Meira Film Director Profile - E-rang :: E-pao Movie Channel|url=https://e-pao.org/erang/Crews/OC_Meira_Oinamcha_Meira_Film_Director_Profile.php|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.org}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==

OC Meira was born on 19 August 1977 in Chana Mayai Leikai, [[Imphal East]], Manipur.
His father is Oinam Lukhoi (also known as [[Chana Lukhoi]]) and his mother is Oinam Ongbi Nungthinchaibi (also called Chana Lembi).
He is married to Rajkumari Vijaya Sana, and they have a child named Lucent Oinam.<ref name=":0" />

Meira's father, Chana Lukhoi, was a well-known artist in [[Shumang Leela]] (traditional Meitei courtyard theatre). Many famous artists who performed roles such as Jagat Singh, Bira Singh, Abirkhan, and Cheitei visited their home to learn from his father. As a young boy, Meira often watched these artists perform and imitated their actions with his friends, which inspired his early interest in theatre and performance.<ref name=":0" />

=== Education ===
{{Further|Department of Manipuri, Assam University}}

OC Meira completed a Master of Arts (MA) in [[Manipuri literature|Manipuri]] from [[Assam University]], [[Silchar]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Early interests ===

In his youth, Meira actively took part in local functions, skits, and community programs. He was often involved in organizing games like tambola, making announcements in public programs, and helping in local events. His regular presence in community activities helped him develop skills in performance and communication.<ref name=":0" />

=== Early career ===

Before becoming a filmmaker, Meira explored different artistic and cultural activities. He worked as a priest for the [[Meitei community]], performed in [[Wari Leeba]] storytelling programs, wrote prose and poems, worked as a journalist, drew artistic sketches, wrote song lyrics, and acted in plays and [[Shumang Leela]] performances.<ref name=":0" />

Despite trying many fields, Meira eventually chose filmmaking and writing as his main professions.<ref name=":0" />

== Journalism and literary work ==
{{moresources|section|date=March 2026}}
Meira has been active in Manipuri journalism and [[Meitei literature|literature]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Editorial work ===

* Editor-in-Chief – IPAK (monthly Manipuri journal)
* Editor – Ngaklou (Manipuri literary journal)
* Former Editor – Manipuri (journal of [[Assam University]])
* Board Member – Neinarol (Manipuri literary journal)
* Former Sub-editor – Matamgi Yakairol (Manipuri daily newspaper)<ref name=":0" />

=== Published books ===

* Ayukki Atiya (poems, 2007)<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467102|title=Ayukki Atiya|last=Meira|first=O. c|date=2007}}</ref>
* Kaidongpham (essays, 2008)
* Saktam Khara Wakhallon Khara (essays, 2011)<ref name=":0" />

=== Artistic and organizational roles ===

OC Meira is an approved artist of [[All India Radio]] [[Imphal]].<ref name=":0" />
He is the founder secretary of:

* Ipak Film Production<ref name=":0" />
* Patriotic Writers' Forum Manipur (PAWF)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fitting tributes paid to Samarendra on 21st death anniversary|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/6/11/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Jun-10-The-Patriotic-Writers-Forum-Manipur-in-association-with-its.amp.html|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Arambam Samarendra remembered|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/6/11/By-Our-Staff-ReporterImphal-Jun-10-Patriotic-Writers-Forum-PAWF-Manipur-today-observed-the.html|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=IT Web|date=2024-12-10|title=Statue of Lamyanba Irawat unveiled in Nandapur, Assam|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/statue-of-lamyanba-irawat-unveiled-in-nandapur-assam/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tribute paid to Arambam Samarendra on death anniversary|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/6/10/-Tribute-paid-to-Arambam-Samarendra-on-death-anniversary.amp.html|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=128th birth anniversary of Jananeta Hijam Irabot celebrated widely : 01st oct24 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=7..011024.oct24|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
* Sangai Film Production<ref name=":0" />

He is also a member of several organizations, including:

* Film Directors' Guild Manipur
* Biramangol College Alumni Association
* Writers' Forum Imphal
* Ashei Waphong Yokkhat Lup
* Sheihek Sheireng Sheipan Semgat Lup
* All Manipur Working Journalists Union
* All India Youth Federation, Manipur State Council<ref name=":0" />

== Film career ==

=== Beginning ===

OC Meira began his film career in 2010 when he directed his first Manipuri short film ''Kathokpagi Saklon'', produced by Rakesh Naorem. After receiving appreciation for this film, Meira directed several other short films,<ref name=":0" /> including ''Sageigi Sanaarei'', ''Tollabasinggi Tolen'' and ''Numit Mana Tadringei''. He later directed more than eight feature films, becoming one of the active filmmakers in Manipuri digital cinema.<ref name=":0" />

=== Feature films directed ===

Some of his known films include ''Sakhenbi Iteima'', ''Phongdoknadringei'', ''Ngaina Ngaina'' and ''Eegi Khongul''.<ref name=":0" /> All these films were produced by Rakesh Naorem, with whom Meira developed a successful collaboration.<ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Studio (Production House)
|-
|2012
|''Sakhenbi Iteima''
|Ipak Films
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013
|''Phongdoknadringei''
|Ipak Films
|-
|''Ngaina Ngaina''
|Ipak Films
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
|''Leiyisigee Wangmada''
|Ipak Films
|-
|''Eegi Khongul''
|Ipak Films
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020
|''[[Bangladeshki Sana Tampha]]''
|Ipak Films
|-
|''[[Aronba Wari]]''
|Seuti Films
|-
|2022
|''Haidrasu Khangle''
|Nongin Film
|-
|2023
|''Ashengba Eral''
|Dosuyali Film
|-
|2024
|''Khomlang Laman''
|World Expression
|-
|2025
|''Khoidouwa''
|World Expression
|}

=== Notable works and events ===

* Poppy Leirang (2023) – A music video directed by OC Meira, achieved the Best Lyrics Award at the 15th Manipur State Film Awards (MSFA) 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=IT Web|date=2023-11-16|title=Moirangthem Nilamani gets MSFDS Lifetime Achievement Award|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/moirangthem-nilamani-gets-msfds-lifetime-achievement-award/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Khomlang Laman (2024) – A feature film directed by Meira, screened at [[Manipur University]] during the [[World Teachers' Day]] celebration organized by the Manipur University Students' Union.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2024-10-05|title=OC Meira's film "KHOMLANG LAMAN" premieres at Manipur University|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/oc-meiras-film-khomlang-laman-premieres-at-manipur-university/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Ashengba Eral (2025) – Directed by Meira and written by Kshetrimayum Subadani, under Dosuyali Film Production. The film won several awards at the 6th [[Roshani International Film Festival]] 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=IT Web|date=2025-08-18|title=Manipuri films bag awards at 6th Roshani International Film Festival 2025|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/other-news/manipuri-films-bag-awards-at-6th-roshani-international-film-festival-2025/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-04|title=Manipur's Kshetrimayum Subadani Devi Wins Best Producer Award IFFBB 2025 For 'Ashengba Eral'|url=https://ukhrultimes.com/manipurs-kshetrimayum-subadani-devi/|access-date=2025-11-05|language=en-US}}</ref> It won the Best Film award at PRAG Cine Awards Northeast 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Asengba Eral" wins Best Film award at PRAG Cine Awards Northeast 2023|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/5/30/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-May-29-OC-Meira-s-directorial-Asengba-Eral-has-bagged-the-Best.html|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Asengba Eral" wins Best Film award at PRAG Cine Awards Northeast 2023 : 30th may23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp1..300523.may23|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
* Bangladeshki Sana Tampha (2025) – The film, directed by OC Meira, at the 5th [[Reels International Film Festival]] 2025, received Best Feature Film and Best Story awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wins best film award|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2025/3/24/IMPHAL-Mar-23-In-a-remarkable-achievement-Bangladeshki-Sana-Tampha-has-emerged-as-a-major-winner-at-the-5t.html|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* On 3 December 2017, OC Meira was honored with the Mombi Award by the Manipuri Theatre Centre, [[Assam]], in recognition of his contributions to society through his influential artistic works.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OC Meira honoured with Mombi Award : 04th dec17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp6..041217.dec17|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
* On 10 December 2017, in a cultural ceremony, Oinamcha Meira was awarded the title Chingkhei Lammit Meira by the Ima Leisem Inat Yokhat Lup. The organizers stated that he was selected for his unbiased and critical writings.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Chingkhei Lammit Meira' title for OC Meira : 11th dec17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=24..111217.dec17|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
* OC Meira received the Jury Special Mention Award at the NIRI 9 – 2nd International Film Festival 2023, held at Sangeet Kala Mandir, [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=HYNews|title=Film Maker OC Meira Conferred with International Award|url=https://hynews.in/article/state/Film_Maker_OC_Meira_Conferred_with_International_Award/https%3A%2F%2Fhynews.in%2Farticle%2Fstate%2FFilm_Maker_OC_Meira_Conferred_with_International_Award%2F4244|access-date=2025-11-05|website=hynews.in|language=en}}</ref>
* Best Lyricist ("Ngamnaba Lanfamse"), at the 12th Manipuri Film Awards (MANIFA) 2025, organized by Thouna Manipur and Film Forum Manipur, held at Central Public Hall, Kakching Sanggai Lampak, [[Kakching district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="Oitharei" bags best feature film at MANIFA 2025 : 22nd sep25 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=19..220925.sep25|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Ngamnaba Lanphamse' dedicated to Meitei martyrs, floral tributes offered : 25th jul23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=18..250723.jul23|access-date=2025-11-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=IT Web|date=2025-09-21|title=12th MANIFA 2025 held at Kakching|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/12th-manifa-2025-held-at-kakching/|access-date=2025-11-05|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Legacy and influence ==

From childhood, OC Meira remained connected with theatre and film. His artistic journey was inspired by [[Shumang Leela]] groups, MDU, and [[Rupmahal Theatre]] artists. By observing their performances, he learned acting techniques indirectly and participated in various drama groups.<ref name=":0" />

His role as Jan Neta Irabot in a street play received wide applause.
Through continuous work in theatre and film, Meira became one of the known filmmakers of Manipur.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Oinam family]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meira, OC}}
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:People from Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Male actors from Manipur]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Shumang Kumhei artists]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Manipur]]

Bhim Singh Bhavesh

2026-03-21T02:49:06Z

NIULoyd091: Done

{{Short description|Indian journalist and social activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhim Singh Bhavesh
| honorific_prefix =
| image = The President, Smt. Droupadi Murmu presenting the Padma Shri Award to Dr. Bhim Singh Bhavesh at the Civil Investiture Ceremony-II at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 27, 2025.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Bhavesh (left) receiving the Padma Shri in 2025
| birth_place = Bhojpur, [[Bihar]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|Social activist}}
| known_for = Advocacy for the Musahar community
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] 2025
}}

'''Bhim Singh Bhavesh''' is an Indian journalist from the [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] of Bihar in eastern India, whose work has focused on advocacy for the [[Musahar]] community.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Padma Shri for Bhim Singh Bhavesh and Nirmala Devi |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/padma-awards-to-two-personalities-of-bihar-know-who-are-bhim-singh-bhavesh-and-nirmala-devi-201737815291542.html |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Live Hindustan}}</ref> He has been involved in several community-based initiatives to promote education, public health, and social equity.<ref name="toi-padma">{{Cite news |title=Seven selected for Padma Awards in Bihar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/seven-selected-for-padma-awards-in-bihar/articleshow/117559579.cms |access-date=10 June 2025 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2025, he received the [[Padma Shri]], India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, for his work in social service.<ref name="padma-award2025">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025: Centre announces list of awardees on Republic Day |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/padma-award-2025-centre-announces-list-of-awardees-on-republic-day-evening-harvinder-singh-bhim-singh-bhavesh-2870493 |website=ABP Live |date=25 January 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
Bhavesh began his career as a journalist, reporting on public issues in [[Bihar]]. He later expanded into activism, particularly among the Musahar community in [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]]. His activities have included education drives for children, vocational training for youth, and awareness campaigns on health and sanitation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A ray of hope for Musahars in Bhojpur |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhojpur-padma-shri-awardee-bhim-singh-bhavesh-a-ray-of-hope-for-musahars-in-bhojpur-23873008.html |website=Jagran |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is Bhim Singh Bhavesh? Social worker from Bhojpur awarded Padma Shri |url=https://www.aajtak.in/bihar/story/bhim-singh-bhavesh-of-bihar-got-padma-shri-award-lclnt-strc-2151340-2025-01-25 |website=Aaj Tak |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

News reports credit his initiatives with contributing to literacy rates among Musahar children and enhanced access to government welfare programs in remote villages. His work involved collaboration with local administrative bodies and civil society organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bhavesh's work among Musahars gains national spotlight |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/padma-shree-award-bhim-singh-bhavesh-padmashree-award-upliftment-musahar-society-bhojpur-bihar-news-2025-01-25 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bhim Singh Bhavesh to receive Padma Shri for grassroots activism |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/bhojpur/arrah/news/dr-bhim-singh-bhavesh-will-receive-padma-shri-award-on-27th-135102533.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |date=26 May 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

==National recognition==
In January 2025, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] mentioned Bhavesh’s work on the radio program [[Mann Ki Baat]], describing him as an example of individual-led initiatives in marginalized communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi highlights story of Bhim Singh Bhavesh from Bhojpur |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/bhojpur-pm-narendra-modi-man-ki-baat-tell-story-of-bhojpur-bihar-journalist-bhim-singh-bhavesh-who-is-doing-for-mushar-samaj-8096718.html |website=News18 Hindi |date=25 February 2024 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi praises efforts of Arrah-based social worker |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/ara/messiah-of-musahar-pm-modi-praised-bhim-singh-bhavesh-arrah-journalist/articleshow/107984943.cms |website=Navbharat Times |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

Bhavesh was also invited as a state dignitary to attend the 2025 [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade in New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Bhavesh invited to Republic Day ceremony |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/bihar-arrah-social-worker-bhim-singh-bhavesh-got-invitation-for-republic-day-parade-in-delhi-ann-2867794 |website=ABP Live |date=21 January 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhim Singh Bhavesh to represent Bihar on Republic Day |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/bhim-singh-bhavesh-of-bihar-will-attend-republic-day-parade-as-dignitary-bihar-news-brs25012301667 |website=ETV Bharat |date=23 January 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==
Bhavesh’s initiatives have been cited by some civil society organizations and government bodies in discussions of community-based development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025: See full list of recipients |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/padma-awards-2025-dr-neerja-bhatla-bhim-singh-bhavesh-see-full-list/articleshow/117556469.cms |website=NBT |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> Media coverage of his Padma Shri recognition has included commentary on the challenges faced by the Musahar community, and on policies related to inclusive development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Social change agent Bhavesh honored with Padma Shri |url=https://hindi.news24online.com/india/social-worker-dr-bhim-singh-bhavesh-to-be-honored-with-padma-shri/1041637/ |website=News24 Hindi |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar congratulates Padma Shri awardee Dr. Bhim Singh Bhavesh |url=https://khabreapki.com/external-affairs-minister-s-jaishankar-congratulated-padma-shri-dr-bhim-singh-bhavesh/ |website=Khabre Apki |date=29 May 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Padma Awards 2025 announced
|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285
|website=Press Information Bureau
|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
|date=25 January 2025
|access-date=7 June 2025
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Padma Awards 2025 – Notifications |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2025.pdf
|website=Padma Awards (Official)
|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
|date=28 April 2025
|access-date=8 June 2025
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Padma Shri]]
* [[Musahar]]

==References==
<references />

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhavesh, Bhim Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:People from Bhojpur district, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Alluda Majaka

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NIULoyd091: cleaned up lead per standard format

{{For|the song by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard|Alluda Majaka (song)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Alluda Majaka!
| image = Alluda_Majaka.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| producer = [[K. Devi Varaprasad]]
| writer = [[Posani Krishna Murali]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Ramya Krishna]] [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] [[Sivaranjani (actress)|Ooha]] [[Brahmanandam]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cinematography = K. S. Hari
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = Devi Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1995|02|25|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Alluda Majaka!''''' is a 1995 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]] and produced by [[K. Devi Varaprasad]] under the Devi Films banner. The film stars [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Ramya Krishna]], and [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], with supporting roles played by [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], and [[Sivaranjani (actress)|Ooha]]. Written by [[Posani Krishna Murali]], the film features music composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]], including the popular chartbuster "Attho Athamma Kuthuro."<ref name="cinegoer.com">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2007 |title=Chiranjeevi's Controversial Hit Alluda Mazaaka |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/alludamazaaka.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430012151/http://www.cinegoer.com/alludamazaaka.htm |archive-date=30 April 2007 |website=CineGoer.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The film marked the only collaboration between Chiranjeevi and Satyanarayana. Upon release, it faced controversy over some scenes, leading to protests, and intervention by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC).<ref name=":1" /><ref name="alluda majaka controversy">{{Cite web |title=Fans, Families And Censorship: The Alluda Majaka Controversy |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1808/9/09_chaptr%204.pdf |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=[[Shodhganga]]}}</ref> Despite the controversies, ''Alluda Majaka'' emerged as a commercial success, becoming the second-highest-grossing Telugu film of 1995 and running for 100 days in 27 centres.<ref name="cinegoer.com" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2023 |title=Chiranjeevi - Vanisri: భారీ పారితోషకం ఇస్తామన్నా న‌టించ‌డానికి ఒప్పుకోని వాణిశ్రీ.. ఎందుకంటే..? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/chirnajeevi-vanisri-senior-heroine-did-not-agree-to-act-even-if-he-gave-a-huge-remunation-rejects-chiranjeevi-movie-here-are-the-reason-ta-2017662-page-2.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=News18 |language=te}}</ref> The film was later remade in [[Kannada]] as ''Kiladi'' (2000).

==Plot==
Sitaram ([[Chiranjeevi]]) is the son of the benevolent patriarch of his village who has been the Panchayat President for the past thirty years. Sitaram, his family and the village community are victimized by Vasundhara ([[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]) and Peddayya ([[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]). Peddayya's [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] son, Siva (Chinna) comes to the village from the [[United States]] to see Pappi ([[Ramya Krishna]]), the eldest daughter of Vasundhara, and a girl of Peddayya's choice for him to marry, but he decides instead to marry Sitaram's sister, Malleswari ([[Sivaranjani (actress)|Ooha]]), a traditional Telugu girl. Peddayya agrees to the marriage after he realises that the ancestral land which Sitaram's father had distributed to the coolies contains priceless granite deposits. He demands the land as dowry days before the proposed marriage. Sitaram's father refuses to take it back from the coolies. Peddayya cancels the marriage. Vasundhara is angered by Siva's choice but dupes the coolies, steals their land and makes a deal with Peddayya. Siva's marriage is fixed with Pappi without his knowledge. Meanwhile, it becomes public knowledge that Malleswari is pregnant (with Siva's child). Sitaram's father kills himself when he realises that the coolies have lost their land. Sitaram and Malleswari move to the city, awaiting Siva's return.

Upon Siva's return, Malleswari is falsely arrested for prostitution before his eyes. Disgusted, Siva rejects her. Sitaram is framed (by Peddayya) in the murder of a police officer and is subsequently sentenced to death. He escapes from custody and forcibly marries Pappi who is all set to marry Siva. With the help of a lawyer, Sivarama Krishna ([[Giri Babu]]), the estranged husband of Vasundhara, Sitaram comes out of prison on parole. He is then transformed by his father-in-law into Mr. Toyota, a rich NRI on the lookout for an Indian bride, to teach Vasundhara a lesson and to resolve the multiple crises of the film. After another arrest and dramatic escape from prison, Sitaram defeats the villains and restores order. Finally, Sivarama Krishna and Vasundhara are reunited, Malleswari marries Siva and Sitaram finds himself in a bedroom with Puppy and her younger sister Bobby ([[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]).

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Chiranjeevi]] as Sitaramudu/Mr. Toyota/Sukhjinder's father
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Vasundhara
*[[Ramya Krishna]] as Puppy
*[[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] as Bobby
*[[Sivaranjani (actress)|Ooha]] as Malleswari
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Kota Pentayya
*[[Giri Babu]] as Lawyer Sivaramakrishna
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Abbulu/Ms. Dakota
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Srisailam
*[[Chinna (actor)|Chinna]] as Siva
*[[Srihari]] as Vasundhara's brother
*Manthena Ramalingaraju as Sitaram's father
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Tata Rao
*[[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|A. V. S]] as Konda Babu/Gundelu Mandela
*[[Mahesh Anand]]
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Chalapathi
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
Following the stupendous success of ''[[Gharana Mogudu]]'' (1992), producer [[K. Devi Varaprasad]] announced that he would not produce any film with other actors until he worked with [[Chiranjeevi]] again. Despite Chiranjeevi's suggestion to take up other projects during his period of unavailability, Varaprasad remained steadfast and waited two and a half years. This dedication culminated in their collaboration for ''Alluda Majaka''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Vinayaka Rao |date=2022-08-27 |title=Chiranjeevi: ఎన్టీఆర్‌ క్లాప్‌తో మొదలైన.. చిరు సినిమా! |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2022/oldies/allada-majaka-movie-clap-by-ntr-avmmrgschitrajyothy-34030.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Chitra Jyothy |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothy]] |language=te}}</ref>

The film marked the only collaboration between Chiranjeevi and director [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]].<ref name=":3" /> Satyanarayana was offered the opportunity after a screening of his earlier film ''[[Appula Appa Rao]]'' (1992), which was attended by Chiranjeevi and Devi Varaprasad. Impressed by Satyanarayana's work, Varaprasad proposed that he direct a high-budget film with Chiranjeevi in the lead. Crafting a script that matched Chiranjeevi's star image proved challenging, and Satyanarayana took two years to finalize the story. Upon its completion, the script, written by [[Posani Krishna Murali]], was narrated to both Chiranjeevi and Devi Varaprasad, who approved it in a single session.<ref name=":3" /> During pre-production, the filmmakers considered titles such as ''Adirindi Alludu'' and ''Gharana Atta Gadasari Alludu'' before finalizing ''Alluda Majaka'' to avoid associations with dubbed films.<ref name=":0" />

=== Casting ===
The story of ''Alluda Majaka'' revolves around a mischievous son-in-law and his strong-willed mother-in-law. Initially, veteran actress [[Vanisri]], who had previously played a similar role in ''[[Attaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu]]'' (1989), was considered for the mother-in-law's role. However, due to concerns over a controversial sequence and a dance scene with the hero, Vanisri declined the offer. The role was subsequently offered to [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], who accepted.<ref name=":0" /> [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]] and [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] were cast as the female leads, with the film marking Rambha's first collaboration with Chiranjeevi.<ref name=":3" />

=== Filming ===
The production commenced on August 26, 1994, with a launch event held at [[Sanjeevaiah Park]] in [[Hyderabad]]. [[N. T. Rama Rao]], then [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|leader of the opposition]], and a close associate of Devi Varaprasad, attended the event and gave the ceremonial first clap. Several prominent film personalities were present at the launch.<ref name=":3" /> The filming was conducted entirely in [[Chennai|Madras]] (now Chennai), a decision influenced by logistical challenges despite tax exemptions being available only for films shot in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The production faced delays when Chiranjeevi sustained an injury during a horse-riding sequence.<ref name=":0" />

== Controversy ==
The film sparked controversy due to scenes deemed objectionable, particularly in their portrayal of women.<ref name="alluda majaka controversy" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Srinivas |first=S. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgqAQAAIAAJ&q=devi+varaprasad+producer |title=Megastar: Chiranjeevi and Telugu Cinema After N.T. Rama Rao |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-569308-9 |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref> [[Communism in India|Communists]] and [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalists]] demanded a ban, prompting the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) to consider recalling the film two months after its release. However, protests by Chiranjeevi's fans led the CBFC to edit out the controversial parts instead of banning the film.<ref name="alluda majaka controversy" /> Despite the issues, the film was a box-office success.<ref name="cinegoer.com" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=4 March 2006 |title=Star Interviews: Interview with Devi Vara Prasad |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/devivaraparasad_interview.php |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119100423/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/devivaraparasad_interview.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 }}</ref>

== Music ==
Music for the film was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref name="Alluda Mazaka Songs" /> The song ''Atho Athamma Kuthuro'' became an instant chartbuster. The song was remixed in the 2012 comedy - fantasy film ''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (2012 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]''. The overture of [[King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard]] song "Alluda Majaka", opening their ''[[Oddments]]'' album, samples a portion of the film, at around the 8:30 mark.
{{Tracklist
| headline = Telugu Track list<ref name = "Alluda Mazaka Songs">{{cite web | url = https://open.spotify.com/album/3bPEQcR7NkdCNJMHm72Liz | website = [[Spotify]] | title = Alluda Mazaka | access-date = 13 May 2021}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 30:09
| title1 = Chinna Papa
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:28
| title2 = Atto Attamma
| lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Unga Unga
| lyrics3 = Veturi
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 4:44
| title4 = Maa Voori Devudu
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 6:54
| title5 = Pitta Kootha
| lyrics5 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length5 = 4:56
| title6 = Reddu Reddu
| lyrics6 = Veturi
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length6 = 4:32
}}

{{Tracklist
| headline = Tamil Track list<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/roudy-boss-songs-T0003859|title=Roudy Boss (1995) - Tamil songs - Raaga}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:57
| all_lyrics = Maruthamalai
| title1 = Rendu Rendu Kannal
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:34
| title2 = Pettai Kozhi
| extra2 = Mano, K. S. Chithra
| length2 = 4:57
| title3 = Unakka Unakka
| extra3 = Mano, K. S. Chithra
| length3 = 4:34
| title4 = Chinna Ponnu
| extra4 = Mano, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 4:01
| title5 = Athaikku Magalo
| extra5 = Mano, K. S. Chithra
| length5 = 4:31
}}

==Box office==
Initially slated for release during [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]], the film was postponed to [[Maha Shivaratri|Maha Sivaratri]] and released on February 25, 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Despite the controversies, ''Alluda Majaka'' was a commercial success. The film opened with 120 prints and collected a gross of nearly {{Indian rupee}}3.56 [[crore]] in its opening week.<ref name="cinegoer.com" /> It ran for 50 days in 75 centres and completed 100 days in 27 centres, ultimately grossing around {{Indian rupee}}9 crore. It became the second-highest-grossing Telugu film of 1995.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0245704|title=Alluda Majaka}}

{{E. V. V. Satyanarayana}}
{{Posani Krishna Murali}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1995 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Posani Krishna Murali]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1995 action comedy films]]

Names of India

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NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Redirect|Bharat (term)|other uses|Bharat (disambiguation){{!}}Bharat}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

[[File:India 78.40398E 20.74980N.jpg|thumb|right|Relief map of the [[Indian subcontinent]], centred on the [[India|Republic of India]]]]
[[File:Hathigumpha inscription (2020).jpg|thumb|[[Hathigumpha inscription|Hāthigumphā Jain inscription]] of King [[Kharavela]] (2nd century BCE), which contains the earliest known references to "Bharat"]]
The [[India|Republic of India]] is principally known by two official short names: '''India''' and '''Bharat'''. An unofficial third name is '''Hindustan''', which is widely used throughout [[North India]]. Although these names now refer to the modern country in most contexts, they historically denoted the broader [[Indian subcontinent]].

"India" ({{Langx|el|Ἰνδία}}) is a name derived from the [[Indus River]] and remains the country's common name in the [[Western world]], having been used by the [[Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations|ancient Greeks]] to refer to the lands east of [[Iranian plateau|Persia]] and south of the [[Himalayas]]. This name appeared in [[Old English]] by the 9th century and re-emerged in [[Modern English]] in the 17th century.

One of the earliest known epigraphical attestations of the name ''Bharata'' occurs in the [[Hathigumpha inscription|Hāthigumphā inscription]] of King [[Kharavela]] (1st century BCE) a [[Jain]] inscription at [[Udayagiri Caves]], near [[Bhubaneswar]] in [[Odisha]]. The inscription, which records Kharavela's military campaigns, contains a reference to ''Bharatavarsha'', indicating that the term was already in use as a cultural or territorial designation in [[History of India|ancient India]].<ref>R. D. Banerji, ''History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to the British Period'', Vol. I, Calcutta University Press, 1930, p. 130.</ref>

According to [[Jain]] tradition, the name "Bharatavarsha" derives from [[Bharata chakravarti|Emperor Bharata]], the eldest son of the first [[Tirthankara]], [[Rishabhanatha]] (Adinatha). Jain texts describe Bharata as a universal monarch ([[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|chakravartin]]), after whom the land was named. This association between Bharata and the territorial name "Bharatavarsha" is a recurring theme in [[Jain literature]].<ref>Padmanabh S. Jaini, ''Collected Papers on Jaina Studies'', Motilal Banarsidass, 2001, pp. 57–59.</ref><ref>U. N. Ghoshal, ''A History of Hindu Political Theories'', Oxford University Press, 1923, pp. 24–25.</ref>

According to the [[Vedas|Vedic]] tradition, "Bharat" ({{Langx|hi|भारत}}) is the shortened form of the name "Bharatavarsha" in the [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit language]]. It originates from the [[Vedic period]] and is rooted in the [[Dharmic religions]], particularly [[Hinduism]]. The long-form Sanskrit name is derived from the [[Bharatas (Vedic tribe)|Bharata tribe]], who are mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] as one of the principal peoples of [[Āryāvarta|Aryavarta]], which roughly corresponds with the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. The initial application of the name referred only to the western part of the [[Ganges Basin|Gangetic Valley]].<ref name="Jha">[[D. N. Jha|Dwijendra Narayan Jha]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=dqDgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 ''Rethinking Hindu Identity''] (Routledge: 2014), p.11</ref><ref name="Upinder Singh">[[Upinder Singh]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=t6A4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253 ''Political Violence in Ancient India''], p.253</ref> In 1949, the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] adopted "Bharat" (alongside "India") as one of the country's two official short names, by even explicitly rejecting "Hindustan" (at least as an official name).

"Hindustan" ({{Langx|fa|هندوستان|rtl=yes}}) is also a name derived from the Indus River, combining "[[Hindus#Etymology|Hindu]]" as an exonym with the suffix "[[-stan]]" in the Persian language. It has been the most common Persian name for India since at least the 3rd century, with the earlier form "[[Hindush]]" (an adaptation of the Sanskrit name "[[Indus River|Sindhu]]") being attested in [[Old Persian]] as early as the 6th century BCE, when it was used to refer to the lands east of the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley|Persian frontier in the Indus Valley]]. However, the name did not become particularly widespread in other languages until the 11th century, when it was popularised during the [[Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]. While it is no longer used in an official capacity, "[[Hindustan]]" is still a somewhat common name for India in the [[Hindustani language]].

== India ==
{{Further|India (Herodotus)|Megasthenes|}}
[[File:Herodotus world map-en.svg|thumb|India was the lower [[Indus River|Indus]] basin in [[Herodotus]]'s view of the world.]]

The English term is from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''Indikē'' (cf. [[Megasthenes]]' work [[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]) or {{transliteration|grc|Indía}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|Ἰνδία}}), via [[Latin]] transliteration {{lang|la|India}}.<ref>{{citation |last=Harris |first=J. |title=Indography: Writing the "Indian" in Early Modern England |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUtrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT8 |year=2012 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-137-09076-8 |page=8}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |title=Nationhood and Statehood in India: A historical survey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTGKAAAAMAAJ |date=2001 |publisher=Regency Publications |isbn=978-81-87498-26-1 |page=3}}: "Apparently the same territory was referred to as Hi(n)du(sh) in the Naqsh‐i‐Rustam inscription of Darius I as one of the countries in his empire. The terms Hindu and India ('Indoi) indicate an original indigenous expression like Sindhu. The name Sindhu could have been pronounced by the Persians as Hindu (replacing ''s'' by ''h'' and ''dh'' by ''d'') and the Greeks would have transformed the latter as Indo‐ (Indoi, Latin Indica, India) with ''h'' dropped..."</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/203/etymology-of-the-name-india/|title=Etymology of the Name India|newspaper=World History Encyclopedia|date=13 January 2011}}</ref>

The name derives from [[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|Sindhu}}, which was the name of the [[Indus River]] as well as the lower [[Indus Basin]] (modern [[Sindh]], in [[Pakistan]]).<ref>{{citation |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |title=Nationhood and Statehood in India: A historical survey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTGKAAAAMAAJ |date=2001 |publisher=Regency Publications |isbn=978-81-87498-26-1 |page=3}}: "In early Indian sources Sindhu denoted the mighty Indus river and also a territory on the lower Indus."</ref><ref name="Eggermont Sindhu">{{harvp|Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan|1975|p=145}}: "''Sindhu'' means a stream, a river, and in particular the Indus river, but likewise it denotes the territory of the lower Indus valley, or modern Sind. Therefore, the appellation ''Saindhavah'', means "inhabitants of the lower Indus valley".... In this respect Sindhu is no tribal name at all. It denotes a geographical unit to which different tribes may belong."</ref>

[[Franklin Southworth|Southworth]] suggests that the name ''Sindhu'' is in turn derived from ''Cintu'' (a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] word for [[date palm]], compare [[Tamil language|Tamil]] {{wikt-lang|ta|சிந்து}}), a tree commonly found in [[Sindh]].<ref>Southworth, Franklin. [https://www.academia.edu/7336735/The_Reconstruction_of_Prehistoric_South_Asian_Language_Contact The Reconstruction of Prehistoric South Asian Language Contact] (1990) p. 228</ref><ref>Burrow, T. [https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/burrow_query.py?qs=īntu&searchhws=yes Dravidian Etymology Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301115537/https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/burrow_query.py?qs=%C4%ABntu&searchhws=yes |date=1 March 2021 }} p. 227</ref>

The [[Old Persian]] equivalent of {{transliteration|sa|Síndhu}} was {{transliteration|peo|Hindu}}.<ref>{{citation |last=Thieme |first=P. |chapter=Sanskrit ''sindu-/Sindhu-'' and Old Iranian ''hindu-/Hindu-'' |editor1=Mary Boyce |editor2=Ilya Gershevitch |title=W. B. Henning memorial volume |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3UBAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Lund Humphries |pages=447–450 |isbn=9780853312550 }}</ref> [[Darius I]] conquered Sindh in about 516 BCE, upon which the Persian equivalent {{transliteration|peo|Hinduš}} was used for the province at the lower Indus basin.<ref name="Eggermont Hindush"/><ref name="Dandamaev Hindush"/> [[Scylax of Caryanda]] who explored the Indus river for the Persian emperor probably took over the Persian name and passed it into Greek.<ref>{{citation |last1=Mouton |first1=Alice |last2=Rutherford |first2=Ian |last3=Yakubovich |first3=Ilya |title=Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the Aegean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_B8VOPZlYIC&pg=PA450 |year=2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-25341-4 |ref={{sfnref|Mouton, Rutherford & Yakubovich, Luwian Identities|2013}}}}</ref> The terms {{transliteration|grc|Indos}} for the Indus river as well as "an Indian" are found in [[Herodotus]]' [[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]].<ref>{{citation |title=Herodotus, with an English Translation by A. D. Godley, Volume II |publisher=William Heinemann |location=London |year=1921 |url=https://archive.org/details/herodotuswitheng02herouoft |at=III.97–99}}</ref> The loss of the [[aspirated consonant|aspirate]] /h/ was probably due to the dialects of Greek spoken in [[Asia Minor]].<ref>{{citation |last=Horrocks |first=Geoffrey |title=Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwHPKIUXKGsC |date=2009 |edition=Second |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-1892-0 |pages=27–28}}: "Note finally that the letter H/η was originally used to mark word-initial aspiration... Since such aspiration was lost very early in the eastern Ionic-speaking area, the letter was recycled, being used first to denote the new, very open, long e-vowel [æ:] ... and then to represent the inherited long e-vowel [ε:] too, once these two sounds had merged. The use of H to represent open long e-vowels spread quite early to the central Ionic-speaking area and also to the Doric-speaking islands of the southern Aegean, where it doubled up both as the marker of aspiration and as a symbol for open long e-vowels."</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Panayotou |first=A. |chapter=Ionic and Attic |editor1=A.-F. Christidis |title=A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83307-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC |year=2007 |page=410}}: "The early loss of aspiration is mainly a characteristic of Asia Minor (and also of the Aeolic and Doric of Asia Minor)...In Attica, however (and in some cases in Euboea, its colonies, and in the Ionic-speaking islands of the Aegean), the aspiration survived until later... During the second half of the fifth century BC, however, orthographic variation perhaps indicates that 'a change in the phonetic quality of [h] was taking place' too."</ref> Herodotus also generalised the term "Indian" from the people of lower Indus basin, to all the people living to the east of Persia, even though he had no knowledge of the geography of the land.<ref>{{citation |last=Arora |first=Udai Prakash |chapter=Ideas of India in Ancient Greek Literature |editor=Irfan Habib |title=India — Studies in the History of an Idea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyhuAAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=978-81-215-1152-0 |page=47}}: "The term 'Indians' was used by [[Herodotus]] as a collective name for all the peoples living east of Persia. This was also a significant development over [[Hecataeus of the Sindi|Hekataios]], who had used this term in a strict sense for the groups dwelling in Sindh only."</ref>

By the time of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]], {{transliteration|grc|Indía}} in [[Koine Greek]] denoted the region beyond the Indus. Alexander's companions were aware of at least India up to the [[Ganges delta]] ([[Gangaridai]]).<ref>{{harvp|Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan|1975|pp=13-14}}</ref><ref name=Mukherjee/> Later, [[Megasthenes]] included in India the southern peninsula as well.<ref name=Mukherjee>{{citation |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |title=Nationhood and Statehood in India: A historical survey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTGKAAAAMAAJ |date=2001 |publisher=Regency Publications |isbn=978-81-87498-26-1 |pages=3–4}}</ref>

[[Megasthenes]] was a Greek ambassador in the [[Mauryan Empire]] court during the regin of [[Chandragupta Maurya]] and wrote a detailed account of his visit in ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]''. He resided in the Mauryan capital of [[Pataliputra]], noting that they surpassed in power and glory in all India.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=38}}<ref name="AGT">{{cite book |last1=Traver |first1=Andrew G. |title=From Polis to Empire, the Ancient World, C. 800 B.C.–A.D. 500: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-30942-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/frompolistoempir00andr/page/252 252] |url=https://archive.org/details/frompolistoempir00andr |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AH">{{cite book |last1=Heirman |first1=Ann |last2=Bumbacher |first2=Stephan Peter |title=The Spread of Buddhism |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-15830-6 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kr_M1e7yImoC&pg=PA135 |language=en}}</ref>

{{blockquote|They surpass in power and glory every other people, not only in this quarter, but one may say in all India, their capital being [[Pataliputra|Palibothra]], a very large and wealthy city, after which some call the people itself the Palibothri, - nay, even the whole tract along the [[Ganges]]. Their king has in his pay a standing army of 600,000 foot-soldiers, 30,000 cavalry, and 9000 elephants : whence may be formed some conjecture as to the vastness of his resources. [[Megasthenes]], in [[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Ancient India as Described by Megasthenês and Arrian |date=1877 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |page=139 |language=en}}</ref>}}

Latin {{lang|la|India}} is used by [[Lucian]] (2nd century CE).{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} {{lang|ang|India}} was known in [[Old English language]] and was used in [[Alfred the Great|King Alfred]]'s translation of [[Paulus Orosius]]. In [[Middle English]], the name was, under French influence, replaced by {{lang|enm|Ynde}} or {{lang|enm|Inde}}, which entered [[Early Modern English]] as "{{lang|en-emodeng|Indie}}". The name "India" then came back to English usage from the 17th century onward, and may be due to the influence of Latin, or Spanish or Portuguese.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

[[Sanskrit]] {{wikt-lang|grc|इन्दु॑}} "drop (of [[Soma (drink)|Soma]])", also a term for the [[Moon]], is unrelated, but has sometimes been erroneously connected (see [[Middle Chinese]] {{wikt-lang|zh|印度}} for more).{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

== Indies ==
The term "Indies" refers to the land east of [[river Indus]]. It is fully interchangeable with the word India. Portuguese initially described the entire region they discovered as the Indies. Caribbean islands were initially described as "Indies" as they were thought to be India. When they became known to be in western hemisphere, they were renamed as [[West Indies]]. Thus West Indies means India in the western hemisphere. [[Indonesia]]'s former name is [[Dutch East Indies]] which means India in southeast Asia (this should not to be confused with [[Dutch India]], which referred to the trading posts of [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]] within the Indian subcontinent).

== Bharat ==
Bharat is a coequal name of India, as set down in [[Part I of the Constitution of India|Article 1]] of the Constitution, adopted in 1950, which states in English: "India, that is Bharat, ..."<ref name="Clementin-Ojha">{{cite journal |last=Clémentin-Ojha |first=Catherine |year=2014 |title='India, that is Bharat…': One Country, Two Names |url=https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3717 |journal=South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal |volume=10}}</ref> Bharat, which was predominantly used in Sanskrit, was adopted as a self-ascribed alternative name by some people of the Indian subcontinent and the Republic of India.<ref>Article 1 of the English version of the [[Constitution of India]]: "India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States."</ref>

This realm of Bharat, which has been referred to as {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhāratavarṣa}} in Puranas – after [[Bharata (Jainism)|Emperor Bharata]], the son of [[Rishabhanatha|Rishabhanatha (Adinatha)]] the first tirthankar of [[Jainism]].{{incomprehensible|reason=sentence lacks a main verb|date=January 2026}} He is described to be a [[Kshatriya]] born in the [[Solar dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Champat Rai |title=The Practical Dharma |publication-date=1929 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> This has been mentioned in [[Vishnu Purana]] (2,3,1), Vayu Purana (33,52), [[Linga Purana]] (1,47,23), [[Brahmanda Purana]] (14,5,62), [[Agni Purana]] (107,11–12), [[Skanda Purana]] (37,57) and [[Markandeya Purana]] (50,41), all using the designation {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhāratavarṣa}}.

According to vedic texts Bharat is derived from the name of the [[Vedic period|Vedic]] community [[Bharatas (Vedic tribe)|Bharatas]], who are mentioned in the [[Rigveda]] as one of the original community of the [[Āryāvarta]] and notably participating in the [[Battle of the Ten Kings]].

The designation ''Bharat'' appears in the official Sanskrit name of the country, {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhāratagaṇarājya}}. The name is derived from the ancient Hindu [[Puranas]], which refer to the land that comprises India as {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhāratavarṣa}} and uses this term to distinguish it from other {{lang|sa-Latn|varṣa}}s or continents.<ref name="pargiter">{{Citation |last=Pargiter |first=F. F. |title=Ancient Indian Historical Tradition |page=131 |year=1922 |place=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}</ref> For example, the [[Vayu Purana]] says "he who conquers the whole of {{lang|sa-Latn|italic=no|Bhāratavarṣa}} is celebrated as a {{lang|sa-Latn|italic=no|samrāṭa}}".<ref name="pargiter p.40">{{Citation |last=Pargiter |first=F. F. |title=Ancient Indian Historical Tradition |pages=ff. 8 p. 40 |year=1922 |place=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}</ref>

The Sanskrit word {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhārata}} is a [[vrddhi]] derivation of {{lang|sa-Latn|Bharata}}, which was originally an epithet of [[Agni]]. The term is a verbal noun of the Sanskrit root {{lang|sa-Latn|bhr-}}, "to bear/to carry", with a literal meaning of to be maintained (of [[fire]]). The [[root (linguistics)|root]] {{lang|sa-Latn|bhr-}} is cognate with the English verb 'to bear' and Latin {{lang|la|ferō}}. This term also means "one who is engaged in search for knowledge". {{lang|eo|Barato}}, the [[Esperanto]] name for India, is also a derivation of {{lang|sa-Latn|Bhārata}}.

The ''Vishnu Purana'' mentions:

{{verse translation|lang1=sa|Uttaraṃ yat samudrasya himādreścaiva dakṣiṇam.
varṣaṃ tad bhārataṃ nāma bhāratī yatra santatiḥ.
|The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam there dwell the descendants of [[Bharata (Jainism)|Bharata]].
|attr1=Vishnu Purana (2,3,1)}}

The Bhagavata Purana mentions (Canto 5, Chapter 4)<ref>{{cite web |title=S'rîmad Bhâgavatam: 'The Story of the Fortunate One' |edition=3rd revised |year=2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/SrimadBhagavatamEnglish-Sanskrit |access-date=2017-08-10 |publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust}}</ref> – "He ([[Rishabhanatha|Rishabhanatha (Adinatha)]]) begot a hundred sons that were exactly like him ... He ([[Bharata (Jainism)|Bharata]]) had the best qualities and it was because of him that this land by the people is called Bhāratavarṣa."<ref>[https://www.bharatvarshayatra.com/ Bhāratavarṣa], Bharatvarsha Yatra, Explore the Soul of Bharat</ref>

Bharata Khanda (or Bhārata Kṣētra)<ref name="dikshit">{{Cite book |last=Dikshitar |first=Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KP_DTtd6kJEC&q=%22Bharata+Khanda%22&pg=PA230 |title=The Gupta Polity |date=1993-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=9788120810242}}</ref> is a term used in some of the [[Jain]] and [[Hindu texts]].

In the Sanskrit epic, the ''[[Mahabharat|Mahabharata]]'' (200 BCE to 300 CE), a larger region of Indosphere is encompassed by the term Bharat.<ref>D. N. Jha (2014), p.11</ref> Some other Puranic passages refer to the same Bhārata people, who are described as the descendants of [[Dushyanta]]'s son [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dineschandra Sircar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqKw1Mn8WcwC&pg=PA3 |title=Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1971 |isbn=978-81-208-0690-0 |page=3}}</ref>

The use of Bharat often has political overtones, appealing to a certain cultural conception of India.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 January 2024 |title=How Hindu is India's foreign policy? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/01/18/how-hindu-is-indias-foreign-policy |access-date=24 January 2024 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> In 2023, [[President of India|President]] [[Droupadi Murmu]] and [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] used the Bharat name in connection with a [[G20]] gathering, which caused speculation on a name-change for the country.<ref name="CNN 20 September 2023">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Akanksha |date=20 September 2023 |title=Opinion: It's not just about its colonial past. Here's what India's possible name change is all about |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/20/opinions/india-name-change-modi-parliament-special-session-singh/index.html |access-date=21 September 2023 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=SHEIKH SAALIQ|agency=Associated Press |date=2023-09-08 |title='India' or 'Bharat'? A G-20 dinner invite sparks rumors of a national rebrand |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-09-08/india-bharat-rumors-nation-name-change |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Such a change would need a constitutional amendment, meaning two-thirds of the vote in each of the two houses of parliament,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Will India change its name to Bharat? |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/09/15/will-india-change-its-name-to-bharat |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> and an official notice to the UN, advising how to write the name in the UN's [[Official languages of the United Nations|six official languages]].<ref name="BBC 28 November 2023">{{cite news |last1=Weiner |first1=Eric |title=Why do countries change their name? |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20231120-why-do-countries-change-name |access-date=3 October 2024 |work=BBC |date=28 November 2023}}</ref>

=== Epigraphical references ===
The earliest recorded use of Bhārata-varṣa ({{Literal translation|Bharat mainland}}) in a geographical sense is in the [[Hathigumpha inscription]] of King [[Kharavela]] (first century BCE), where it applies only to a restrained area of northern India, namely the part of the [[Ganges]] west of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. The inscription clearly mentions Bharat was named after [[Bharata chakravarti|Bharata]], the son of first [[Jain]] tirthankara [[Rishabhanatha]].<ref name="Jha" /><ref name="Upinder Singh" />

== Hindustan / Hind ==
{{Main|Hindustan}}
[[File:Darius I statue India.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|<div><hiero>O4-N35-D46-V4-M17-M17</hiero></div>''H-n-d-w[[Aleph|Ꜣ]]-y'' "India" written in [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] on the [[Egyptian statue of Darius the Great|Statue of Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.]]
<div>The words {{transliteration|fa|Hindū}} ({{langx|fa|هندو}}) and {{transliteration|fa|Hind}} ({{langx|fa|هند}}) came from [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]/[[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|Sindhu}} (the [[Indus River]] or its [[Sindh|region]]). The [[Achaemenid]] emperor [[Darius I]] conquered [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley|the Indus valley]] in about 516 BCE, upon which the Achaemenid equivalent of {{transliteration|sa|Sindhu}}, viz., "''Hindush''" ({{wikt-lang|peo|𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁}}, {{transliteration|peo|H-i-du-u-š}}) was used for the lower Indus basin.<ref name="Eggermont Hindush">{{harvp|Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan|1975}}: 'The Persians coined the name of Hindush after the current Sanskrit geographical name of Sindhu. Neither the Old Persian inscriptions, nor the Avesta make use of the word hindu in the sense of "river".'</ref><ref name="Dandamaev Hindush">{{citation |last=Dandamaev |first=M. A. |title=A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ms30qA6nyMsC&pg=PA147 |year=1989 |publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-09172-6 |page=147}}: "The new satrapy, which received the name of Hindush, extended from the centre to the lower part of the Indus Valley, in present-day Pakistan."</ref> The name was also known as far as the Achaemenid province of [[Egypt]] where it was written <hiero>O4-N35-D46-V4-M17-M17</hiero> ({{transliteration|egy|H-n-d-wꜣ-y}}) on the [[:Commons:Category:Statue of Darius I|Statue of Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.<ref name=NMI>[[National Museum of Iran]] [[:File:Darius I statue list of subject countries.jpg|notice]]</ref><ref name=EI>{{cite book |last1=Yar-Shater |first1=Ehsan |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |date=1982 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=9780933273955 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBQZAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Susa, Statue of Darius – Livius |url=http://www.livius.org/articles/place/susa/susa-photos/susa-statue-of-darius/ |website=www.livius.org |language=en}}</ref></div>

{{multiple image
| perrow = 1
| total_width = 200
| caption_align = center
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Umayyad Caliphate coinage temp Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik al-Hind (possibly Multan) mint. Dated AH 97 (AD 715-6).jpg
| image2 = India in Abd al-Malik al-Hind coin 715 CE.jpg
| footer = The name "[[al-Hind]]" (here {{lang|ar|[[:ary:بالهند|بالهند]]}} ''Bil'Hind'', "In India") on an Umayyad coin minted in India, from the time of the first [[Caliphal province of Sind|Governor of Sindh]] [[Muhammad ibn Qasim]] in 715 CE.{{efn|[[:ary:بالهند|بالهند]] ''Bil'Hind'' appears upside-down at 6h (bottom) on the circular legend of the obverse side of the coin. The complete circular legend is "In the name of Allah, struck this dirham in [[al-Hind]] in the year seven and ninety."}}
}}
In [[middle Persian]], probably from the first century CE, the suffix {{transliteration|fa|-stān}} ({{langx|fa|ستان}}) was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the name {{transliteration|fa|Hindūstān}}.<ref>{{citation |first=Irfan |last=Habib |author-link=Irfan Habib |chapter=Hindi/Hindwī in Medieval Times |editor=Aniruddha Ray |title=The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qSbjBTDC-UC&pg=PA105 |year=2011 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-16-0 |pages=105}}</ref> Thus, Sindh was referred to as ''Hindustān'' in the Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of [[Sassanid]] emperor [[Shapur I]] in {{circa}} 262 CE.<ref>{{citation |last=Mukherjee |first=Bratindra Nath |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |title=The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Place Names Society of India |page=46}}: "The term Hindustan, which in the Naqsh-i-Rustam inscription of Shapur I denoted India on the lower Indus, and which later gradually began to denote more or less the whole of the subcontinent..."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization|2000|p=553}}: "Among the countries that fell before Shapur I the area in question appears as ''Hndstn'', ''India'' and ''Hindy'' respectively in the three languages mentioned above [Middle Persian, Greek and Parthian]."</ref>

Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire said, "On the East, the South, and the West it is bounded by the Great Ocean."<ref>P. 310 ''Memoirs of Zahir-ad-Din Muhammad Babur: Emperor of Hindustan'' By [[Babur]] (Emperor of Hindustan)</ref> ''Hind'' was notably adapted in the [[Arabic language]] as the definitive form {{transliteration|ar|Al-Hind}} ({{lang|ar|الهند}}) for India, for example, in the 11th-century ''Tarikh Al-Hind'' ('History of India'). It occurs intermittently in usage within India, such as in the phrase {{lang|hi|[[Jai Hind]]}} ({{langx|hi|जय हिन्द}}) or in {{transliteration|hi|Hind Mahāsāgar}} ({{lang|hi|हिन्द महासागर}}), the Standard Hindi name for the [[Indian Ocean]].

Both the names were current in [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]], and from that into northern Indian languages, from the 11th century [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic conquests]]: the rulers in the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] periods called their Indian dominion, centered around [[Delhi]], "Hindustan". In contemporary Persian and [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]], the term Hindustan has recently come to mean the Republic of India. The same is the case with Arabic, where {{transliteration|ar|al-Hind}} is the name for the [[Republic of India]].

"Hindustan", as the term [[Hindu]] itself, entered the English language in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the term as used in English referred to the Subcontinent. "Hindustan" was in use simultaneously with "India" during the [[British rule|British era]].

==Jambudvīpa ==
[[File:Jambudiipasi.jpg|thumb|The name ''Jambudīpasi'' for "India" ([[Brahmi script]]) in the Sahasram [[Minor Rock Edict]] of [[Ashoka]], circa 250 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |title=Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch |date=1925 |pages=169–171 |url=https://archive.org/stream/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/HultzschCorpusAsokaSearchable#page/n345 |language=sa}}</ref>]]

[[Jambudvīpa]] ({{Langx|sa|जम्बुद्वीपम्|lit=berry island|translit=Jambu-dvīpam}}) was used in ancient scriptures as a name of India before the term ''Bhārat'' became widespread. It might be an indirect reference to the [[Insular India]].{{clarification needed|date=December 2024}} The derivative ''Jambu Dwipa'' was the historical term for India in many [[Southeast Asia]]n countries before the introduction of the English word "India". This alternate name is still used occasionally in Thailand, Malaysia, Java and Bali to describe the Indian Subcontinent. However, it also can refer to the whole continent of Asia. It was used by Maurya Emperor [[Ashoka]] in his inscriptions to denote his realm.

== Gyagar and Phagyul ==
{{anchor | Gyagar | Phagyul }}

Both Gyagar ("White expanse") and Phagyul are [[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]] names for India. Ancient [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] authors and pilgrims used the ethnogeographic referents ''Gyagar'' or ''Gyagar to the south'' and ''Madhyadesa'' (''central land'' or holy centre) for India. Since at least 13th century, several influential indigenous [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] [[lama]]s & authors also started to refer to India as the ''Phagyul'', short for ''Phags yul'', meaning ''the land of [[Indo-Aryan peoples|arya]]s'' i.e. land of noble, holy, enlightened & superior people who are the source of spiritual enlightenment.<ref name=tib1>Toni Huber, 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SjzSpGf1eM0C&q=Gyagar The Holy Land Reborn: Pilgrimage and the Tibetan Reinvention], [[University of Chicago]] Press, p.74-80.</ref> Tibetan scholar [[Gendün Chöphel|Gendun Chopel]] explains that Tibetan word ''gyagar'' comes from the Indian [[sanskrit language]] word ''[[vihāra]]'' (buddhist monastery), and the ancient Tibetans applied the term ''Geysar'' mainly to the northern and central India region from [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] (modern [[Haryana]]) to [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] (modern [[Bihar]]).<ref name=tib4>[[Gendün Chöphel|Gendun Chopel]] (translated by Thupten Jinpa and Donald S. Lopez Jr.), 2014, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XSZnAgAAQBAJ&q=Gyagar Grains of Gold: Tales of a Cosmopolitan Traveler], [[University of Chicago]] Press, p.73-74.</ref> The [[Epic of King Gesar]], which originally developed around 200 BCE or 300 BCE and about 600 CE, describes India as the "''Gyagar: The Kingdom of Buddhist Doctrine''", "''Gyagar: The Kingdom of Aru Medicine''" ([[ayurveda]]), "''Gyagar: [[Pearl Fishery Coast|The Kingdom of Pearls]]''" and "''Gyagar: [[Hatti Gold Mines#History|The Kingdom of Golden Vases]]''".<ref name=tib2>Jianbian Joacuo (translated by Liang Yanjun, Wu Chunxiao and Song Xin), 2019, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QhBOEAAAQBAJ&q=Gyagar 降边嘉措著, ‎梁艳君, ‎吴春晓 A study of Tibetan epic Gesar], [[Liaoning Normal University]], [[Dalian]], China.</ref> The [[Central Tibetan Administration]], often referred to as the Tibetan Government-in-Exile, asserts "Tibet is inextricably linked to India through geography, history, culture, and spiritually, Tibetans refer to India as 'Gyagar Phagpay Yul' or 'India the land of Aryas.'" [[Dalai Lama]] reveres India as the [[guru]] with Tibet as its [[Guru–shishya tradition|chela]] (shishya or disciple) and "refers to himself the 'Son of India' and a true follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He continues to advocate the revival of India's ancient wisdom based on the [[Nalanda]] tradition."<ref name=tib3>[https://tibet.net/thankyouindia2018/ Thank you India], [[Central Tibetan Administration]], published: Jan 2018, accessed: 19 Dec 2022.</ref>

==Tianzhu==

{{main|Tianzhu (India)}}
{{lang|zh-Latn|Tianzhu}} ({{Old Chinese|qʰl'iːn tuɡ|天竺|Tiānzhú}}) is one of several Chinese transliterations of the Sanskrit ''Sindhu'' via Persian ''Hindu''<ref name=cheung>{{cite book|first=Martha Pui Yiu|last=Cheung|chapter=Zan Ning (919–1001 CE), To Translate Means to Exchange|title=An Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation: From Earliest Times to the Buddhist Project|year=2014|orig-year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-63928-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZC3AwAAQBAJ|pages=179, 181}}</ref> and is used since ancient times in China and its peripheries. Its [[Sino-Xenic]] reading is {{lang|ja-Latn|Tenjiku}} in Japanese, {{lang|ko-Latn|Cheonchuk}} ({{lang|ko|천축}}) in [[Korean language|Korean]], and {{lang|vi|Thiên Trúc}} in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]. Devout Buddhists in the [[Sinosphere]] traditionally used this term and its related forms to designate India as their "heavenly centre", referring to the sacred origins of [[Buddhism]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kamit.jp/01_introdctn/invi_eng.htm |title=An Invitation to Indian Architecture |access-date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807044716/http://www.kamit.jp/01_introdctn/invi_eng.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.thenationalnews.com/how-the-japan-india-alliance-could-redraw-the-political-map-1.344356 How the Japan-India alliance could redraw the political map]</ref>

Other forms include {{lang|zh-Latn|Juandu}} ({{Zh-no-labels|c={{Linktext|身毒}}|p=Juāndú}}), which appears in [[Sima Qian|Sima Qian's]] [[Records of the Grand Historian|Shiji]]. Another is {{lang|zh-Latn|Tiandu}} ({{Zh-no-labels|p=Tiāndǔ|t=天篤}}), which is used in the ''[[Hou Hanshu]]'' (Book of the Later Han).<ref name=yu>{{cite journal|last1=Yu|first1=Taishan|title=China and the Ancient Mediterranean World: A Survey of Ancient Chinese Sources|journal=Sino-Platonic Papers|date=November 2013|issue=242|pages=73, 77|url=http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp242_china_mediterranean.pdf}}</ref> {{lang|zh-Latn|Yintejia or Indəkka}} ({{Zh-no-labels|p=Yìntèjiā|c=印特伽}}) comes from the [[Kuchean language|Kuchean]] ''Indaka'', another transliteration of ''Hindu''.<ref name=cheung/>

A detailed account of Tianzhu is given in the "Xiyu Zhuan" (Record of the Western Regions) in the ''Hou Hanshu'' compiled by [[Fan Ye (historian)|Fan Ye]] (398–445):

{{Blockquote|The state of Tianzhu: Also named Shendu, it lies several thousand ''li'' southeast of [[Yuezhi]]. Its customs are the same as those of Yuezhi, and it is low, damp, and very hot. It borders a large river. The inhabitants ride on elephants in warfare; they are weaker than the Yuezhi. They practise the way of Futu (the [[Buddha]]), [and therefore] it has become a custom among them not to kill or attack [others]. From west of the states Yuezhi and Gaofu, and south until the Western Sea, and east until the state of Panqi, all is the territory of Shendu. Shendu has several hundred separate towns, with a governor, and separate states which can be numbered in the tens, each with its own king. Although there are small differences among them, they all come under the general name of Shendu, and at this time all are subject to Yuezhi. Yuezhi have killed their kings and established a general in order to rule over their people. The land produces [[elephants]], rhinoceros, tortoise shell, [[gold]], [[silver]], copper, iron, lead, and tin. It communicates to the west with [[Da Qin]] and (so) has the exotica of Da Qin.<ref name=yu/>}}

Tianzhu was also referred to as {{lang|zh-Latn|Wu Tianzhu}} ({{Zh-no-labels|c=五天竺|p=Wǔ Tiānzhú|l=Five Indias}}), because there were five geographical regions in India known to the Chinese: Central, Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern India. The monk [[Xuanzang]] also referred to India as ''Wu Yin'' ({{Zh-no-labels|p=Wǔ Yìn|c=五印|l=Five Inds}}).<ref name=cheung/>

The name ''Tianzhu'' and its Sino-Xenic cognates were eventually replaced by terms derived from the [[Middle Chinese]] borrowing of *''yentu'' from Kuchean, though a very long time elapsed between that term's first use and its becoming the standard modern name for India in East Asian languages. Pronounced {{Transliteration|zh|{{visible anchor|Yindu}}}} ({{CJKV|t=|s=|c=印度|p=Yìndù}}) in Chinese, it was first used by the seventh-century monk and traveler [[Xuanzang]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khair |first1=Tabish |title=Other Routes: 1500 Years of African and Asian Travel Writing |date=2006 |publisher=Signal Books |isbn=9781904955115 |page=36}}</ref> In Japanese for example, the name {{Transliteration|ja|{{visible anchor|Indo}}}} ({{lang|ja|インド}}, {{lang|ja|印度}}, or occasionally {{lang|ja|印土}}) had been found occasionally in 18th and early 19th-century works, such as [[Arai Hakuseki]]'s ''[[Sairan Igen]]'' (1713) and {{ill|Yamamura Saisuke|ja|山村才助}}'s {{Transliteration|ja|Indoshi}} ({{lang|ja|印度志}}, a translation of a work by [[Johann Hübner]]). However, the use of the name {{Transliteration|ja|Tenjiku}}, which was heavily associated with the image of [[history of Buddhism in India|India as a land of Buddhism]], was not completely displaced until the early 20th century: scholars such as [[Soyen Shaku]] and {{ill|Seki Seisetsu|ja|関精拙}} who travelled to India for pilgrimages to Buddhist historical sites, continued to use the name {{Transliteration|ja|Tenjiku}} to emphasise the religious aspect of their travels, though most of their contemporaries (even fellow Buddhist pilgrims) adopted the name {{Transliteration|ja|Indo}} by then.<ref>{{cite book |first=Fabio |last=Rambelli |chapter=The Idea of India ''(Tenjiku)'' in Pre-Modern Japan |editor-first=-Tansen |editor-last=Sen |title=Buddhism Across Asia |publisher=ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute |date=2014 |isbn=9789814519328 |page=262}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Richard M. |last=Jaffee |title=Seeking Sakyamuni: South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism |publisher=University of Chicago Press |date=2019 |isbn=9780226391151 |pages=12–13, 114–115}}</ref>

India is also called {{Transliteration|ko|Indo}} ({{lang|ko|인도}}) in Korean, and {{lang|vi|Ấn Độ}} in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]. Similar to Hindu and Sindhu, the term ''Yin'' was used in classical Chinese much like the English ''Ind''.

==Hodu==
Hodu ({{Langx|he|הֹדּוּ}} ''Hodû'') is the [[Biblical Hebrew]] name for India mentioned in the ''[[Book of Esther]]'' part of the Jewish [[Tanakh]] and Christian [[Old Testament]]. [[Ahasuerus]] was described as King ruling 127 provinces from ''Hodu'' (India) to ''[[Ethiopia]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uskojaelama.net/lange/ot/est/1.htm|title=THE BOOK OF ESTHER|website=Uskojaelama.net|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043509/http://uskojaelama.net/lange/ot/est/1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The term seemingly derives from [[Sanskrit]] ''Sindhu'', "great river", i.e., the [[Indus River]], via [[Old Persian]] ''Hiñd°u''.<ref>''[[Brown–Driver–Briggs|Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon]]'' at [https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1912.htm BibleHub]</ref>

==Historical names==
Some historical definitions prior to 1500 are presented below.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:191.hobson |title=Hobson-Jobson |access-date=2012-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628235414/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:191.hobson |archive-date=2012-06-28 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Source/Origin
! Definition of name
|-
| c. 440 BCE
| India
| [[Herodotus]]
| "Eastward of India lies a tract which is entirely sand. Indeed, of all the inhabitants of Asia, concerning whom anything is known, the Indians dwell nearest to the east and the rising of the Sun."
|-
| c. 400–300 BCE
| Hodû
| [[Book of Esther]] (Bible)
| "Now it took place in the days of [[Ahasuerus]], the [[Ahasuerus]] who reigned from Hodu (India) to Cush (Ethiopia) over 127 provinces"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/esther/1-1.htm|title=Esther 1:1 This is what happened during the time of Xerxes, the Xerxes who ruled over 127 provinces stretching from India to Cush|website=Biblehub.com|access-date=10 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312225438/http://www.hanefesh.com/edu/Holidays/Book_of_Ester_-_kids_version.htm | archive-date=12 March 2014| url=http://www.hanefesh.com/edu/Holidays/Book_of_Ester_-_kids_version.htm | title=The Book of Esther - Kids Version | publisher=Hanefesh Community | access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://daytonjewishobserver.org/2015/10/tarnegol-hodu-a-bird-called-turkey/
|quote=Hodu is the biblical name for India (Esther 1:1), which is derived from the Persian word Hindu, a name for the region around the Indus River
|title=TARNEGOL HODU, A BIRD CALLED TURKEY
|date=26 October 2015
}}</ref>
|-
| c. 300 BCE
| India/Indikē
| [[Megasthenes]]
| "India then being four-sided in plan, the side which looks to the Orient and that to the South, the Great Sea compasseth; that towards the Arctic is divided by the mountain chain of Hēmōdus from [[Scythia]], inhabited by that tribe of Scythians who are called Sakai; and on the fourth side, turned towards the West, the Indus marks the boundary, the biggest or nearly so of all rivers after the [[Nile]]."
|-
|250 BCE
|[[Jambudvīpa]]
|[[Ashoka]] ''[[Minor_Rock_Edicts#Locations|Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka]]''
|"Devānāṃpiya [speaks] thus. ...... years since I am a lay-worshipper ([[upāsaka]]). But (I had) not been very zealous. A year and somewhat more (has passed) since ...... And men in Jambudīpa, being during that time unmingled with the gods, have (now) been made (by me) mingled with the gods. [For] this is the fruit [of zeal]. cannot 1 be reached by (persons of) high rank alone, (but) even a lowly (person) is able to attain even the great heaven if he is zealous. Now, for the following purpose (has) this proclamation (been issued), (that) both the lowly and the exalted may be zealous, and (that) even (my) borderers may know (it), and (that this) zeal may be of long duration. And this matter will (be made by me to) progress, and will (be made to) progress even considerably ; it will (be made to) progress to one and a half, to at least one and a half. And this proclamation (was issued by me) on tour. Two hundred and fifty-six nights (had then been) spent on tour, — 256. And cause ye this matter to be engraved on rocks. And where there are stone pillars here ([[Maurya Empire|in my dominions]]), there also cause (it) to be engraved."<ref>[[Sasaram]] minor rock edict of Asoka</ref><ref>Translation by [[E. Hultzsch]] [https://archive.org/details/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/page/n347/mode/2up in Page 171 of his book "''Inscriptions of Asoka''"]</ref>
|-
|Between first century BCE<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilson |author-link=Horace Hayman Wilson |first=H. H. |title=''The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition'' |year=2006 |publisher=Read Country Books|location=Cambridge |isbn=1-84664-664-2|page=xii}}</ref> and ninth century CE{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=249}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo |url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 0-521-43878-0 | page = [https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo/page/111 111]}}</ref>
| Bhāratavarṣa (realm of Bhārata)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-SqThZprK0EC&q=Bharatavarsha&pg=PA296 A History of Civilization in Ancient India, Based on Sanskrit Literature. In Three Volumes. Volume 3. Buddhist and Pauranik Ages], Romesh Chunder Dutt, Publisher Elibron.com, {{ISBN|0-543-92939-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-543-92939-6}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jV6k0FvIC4sC&q=%22the+land+of+Bharat%22&pg=RA7-PA23 A Text Book of Social Sciences], Dr. N.N. Kher & Jaideep Aggarwal, Pitambar Publishing, {{ISBN|81-209-1466-X}}, {{ISBN|978-81-209-1466-7}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp058.htm VISHŃU PURÁŃA, BOOK II, CHAP. I], The Vishnu Purana, translated by Horace Hayman Wilson, [1840], at sacred-texts.com</ref>
| [[Vishnu Purana]]
| "उत्तरं यत्समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् ।
वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।" 
i.e. "The country (varṣam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata."
|-
| 100 CE or later
| Bhāratam
| [[Vishnu Purana]]
| "उत्तरं यत्समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् ।
वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।" 
i.e. "The country (varṣam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata."
|-
| c. 140
| Indoi, Indou
| [[Arrian]]
| "The boundary of the land of India towards the north is Mount Taurus. It is not still called Taurus in this land; but Taurus begins from the sea over against Pamphylia and Lycia and Cilicia; and reaches as far as the Eastern Ocean, running right across Asia. But the mountain has different names in different places; in one, Parapamisus, in another Hemodus; elsewhere it is called Imaon and perhaps has all sorts of other names; but the Macedonians who fought with Alexander called it Caucasus; another Caucasus, that is, not the Scythian; so that the story ran that Alexander came even to the far side of the Caucasus. The western part of India is bounded by the river Indus right down to the ocean, where the river runs out by two mouths, not joined as are the five mouths of the Ister; but like those of the Nile, by which the Egyptian delta is formed; thus also the Indian delta is formed by the river Indus, not less than the Egyptian; and this in the Indian tongue is called Pattala. Towards the south this ocean bounds the land of India, and eastward the sea itself is the boundary. The southern part near Pattala and the mouths of the Indus were surveyed by Alexander and Macedonians and many Greeks; as for the eastern part, Alexander did not traverse this beyond the river Hyphasis. A few historians have described the parts which are this side of the Ganges and where are the mouths of the Ganges and the city of Palimbothra, the greatest Indian city on the Ganges.(...) The Indian rivers are greater than any others in Asia; greatest are the Ganges and the Indus, whence the land gets its name; each of these is greater than the Nile of Egypt and the Scythian Ister, even were these put together; my own idea is that even the Acesines is greater than the Ister and the Nile, where the Acesines having taken in the Hydaspes, Hydraotes, and Hyphasis, runs into the Indus, so that its breadth there becomes thirty stades. Possibly also other greater rivers run through the land of India."
|-
| c. 650
| Five Indies
| [[Xuanzang]]
| "The circumference of 五印 ([[Standard Chinese|Modern Chinese]]: ''Wǔ Yìn'', the Five Indies) is about 90,000 [[Li (unit)|li]]; on three sides it is bounded by a great sea; on the north it is backed by snowy mountains. It is wide at the north and narrow at the south; its figure is that of a half-moon."
|-
| c. 950
| Hind
| [[Istakhri]]
| "As for the land of the Hind it is bounded on the East by the Persian Sea (i.e. the [[Indian Ocean]]), on the W. and S. by the countries of Islām and on the N. by the Chinese Empire... The length of the land of the Hind from the government of [[Makran|Mokrān]], the country of [[Mansura (Brahmanabad)|Mansūra]] and Bodha and the rest of Sind, till thou comest to [[Kannauj]] and thence passest on to [[Tibet]], is about 4 months and its breadth from the Indian Ocean to the country of Kannūj about three months."
|-
| c. 1020
| Hind
| [[Al-Biruni]]
| "Hind is surrounded on the East by Chín and Máchín, on the West by Sind (Baluchistan) and Kábul and on the South by the Sea."
|-
|
|[[Hindustan#Etymology|Hindustan]]
|John Richardson, ''A Smaller Manual of Modern Geography. Physical and Political''
|"The boundaries of Hindustan are marked on every side by natural features; e.g., the Himalayas, on the N.; the Patkoi Mountains, Tippera Hills, &c., on the N.E.; the Sea, on the E., S., and W.; and the Hala, and Sulaiman Mountains, on the N.W."<ref>P. 146 ''A smaller manual of modern geography. Physical and political'' By John Richardson (Vicar of St. Mary's Hospital, Ilford.)</ref>
|-
|}

==Historical definitions of a Greater India==
Writers, both Indian and of other nationalities have written about a 'Greater India', which Indians have called either Akhand Bharat or Mahabharat.<ref>P. 45 ''Calcutta Review''
By University of Calcutta, 1950</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Source
! Definition
|-
|944
|Al-Hind
|[[Al-Masudi]] ''Muruj adh-dhahab wa ma'adin al-jawhar''
|"The Hindu nation (Al-Hind) extends from the mountains of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and of es-Sind ([[Baluchistan]]) as far as et-Tubbet (Tibetan Plateau.)"<ref>P. 177 ''Kitab Muruj Al-dahab Al-Masudi. El-Masudis Historical Encyclopaedia'' By 'Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn al-Husain al-Masudi</ref>
|-
|982–983
|Hindistān
|Author Unknown ''[[Hudud al-'Alam]]''
|"East of it (Hindistān) are the countries of China and Tibet; South of it, the Great Sea; west of it, the river Mihran (Indus); north of it, the country of Shaknan belonging to Vakhan and some parts of Tibet."<ref>P. 187 ''Journal of Ancient Indian History, Volume 9'' By D.C. Sircar</ref>
|-
| 1205
| Hind
| Hasan Nizāmī
| "The whole country of Hind, from [[Peshawar]] in the north, to the Indian Ocean in the south; from Sehwan (on the west bank of the Indus) to the mountains on the east dividing from China."
|-
| 1298
| India the Greater India the Minor Middle India
| [[Marco Polo]]
| "India the Greater is that which extends from Maabar to Kesmacoran (i.e. from [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel]] to [[Makran|Mekran]]) and it contains 13 great kingdoms... India the Lesser extends from the Province of Champa to Mutfili (i.e. from [[Cochinchina]] to the [[Krishna Delta]]) and contains 8 great Kingdoms... Abash is a very great province and you must know that it constitutes the Middle India."
|-
| c. 1328
| India
| Friar Jordanus Catalani
| "What shall I say? The greatness of this India is beyond description. But let this much suffice concerning India the Greater and the Less. Of India Tertia I will say this, that I have not indeed seen its many marvels, not having been there..."
|-
| 1404
| India Minor
| Ruy González de Clavijo
| "And this same Thursday that the said Ambassadors arrived at this great River (the Oxus) they crossed to the other side. And the same day... came in the evening to a great city which is called Tenmit ([[Termez]]) and this used to belong to India Minor, but now belongs to the empire of Samarkand, having been conquered by Tamurbec."
|-
|1590
|Hindustān
|[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]''
|"Hindustan is described as enclosed on the east, west and south by the ocean, but Sarandip (Sri Lanka), Achin (Indonesia), Maluk (Indonesia) and Malagha (Malaysia) and a considerable number of islands are accounted for within its extent."<ref>''The Ain i Akbari, Volume 3'' By Abū al-Faz̤l ibn Mubārak</ref>
|-
|16th century
|Indostān
|Ignazio Danti
|"The part of India beyond the Ganges extends in length as far as Cathay (China) and contains many provinces in which are found many notable things. As in the Kingdom of Kamul near Campichu (Cambodia)...And in Erguiul...In the Ava Mountains (Burma)..., and in the Salgatgu mountains...In Caindu...In the territory of Carajan..."<ref>P. 3 ''The Mapping of Power in Renaissance Italy'' By Mark Rosen</ref>
|-
|}

== Republic of India ==
[[File:India-Bharat-Hindustan.svg|thumb|right|The name and logo of state-owned petroleum companies of India]]
The official names as set down in article 1 of the [[Indian constitution]] are:
* [[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi|भारत}} ({{lang|hi-Latn|Bhārat}})
* [[English language|English]]: ''India''

== See also ==
{{col div|colwidth=20em}}
* [[List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies|Origin of the names of Indian states]]
* [[Indosphere]]
* [[Bharat Khand]]
* [[Sapta Sindhu]]
* [[Bharat chakravartin]]
* [[Akhand Bharat]]
* [[Renaming of cities in India]]
{{colend}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Eggermont |first=Pierre Herman Leonard |title=Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG0_xoDS3hUC&pg=PA179 |year=1975 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-6186-037-2 |ref={{sfnref|Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan|1975}}}}
* {{citation |editor1-last=Ray |editor1-first=Niharranjan |editor2-last=Chattopadhyaya |editor2-first=Brajadulal |title=A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zcyho16xzWEC |year=2000 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1871-1 |ref={{sfnref|Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization|2000}}}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rocher |first1=Ludo |author-link=Ludo Rocher |title=The Purāṇas |date=1986 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-02522-0}}

== Further reading ==
* {{EI2|title=Hind|volume=3|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hind-COM_0290?s.num=47&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=40&s.q=shushtari}}

== External links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170406050611/http://www.bharatvani.org/books/htemples2/app3.htm Meaning of the word Hindu (about the words 'Hindu', 'Hindustan' and 'Bharat')]

{{Asia topic|Name of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Names Of India}}
[[Category:Toponyms for India]]
[[Category:Country name etymology|India]]
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Names of places in Asia|India]]
[[Category:Lists of country names in various languages|India]]

Gazi Nazrul Islam

2026-03-13T16:44:59Z

NIULoyd091:

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gazi Nazrul Islam
| office = [[Jatiya Sangsad|Member of Parliament]]
| predecessor1 = [[AK Fazlul Haque]]
| successor1 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]]
| constituency1 = [[Satkhira-5]]
| constituency2 = [[Satkhira-5]]
| constituency = [[Satkhira-4]]
| termstart1 = 1 October 2001
| termend1 = 28 October 2006
| termstart2 = 27 February 1991
| termend2 = 15 February 1996
| predecessor2 = [[Sheikh Abul Hossain (Satkhira politician)|Sheikh Abul Hossain]]
| native_name = গাজী নজরুল ইসলাম
| native_name_lang = bn
| term_start = 17 February 2026
| predecessor = [[SM Ataul Haque]]
| successor2 = [[GM Abdul Haq]]
}}
'''Gazi Nazrul Islam''' is a [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] politician and a former member of parliament for [[Satkhira-5]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ACC sues former Jamaat MP Gazi Nazrul for illegal wealth |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-44270 |access-date=8 April 2020 |work=The Daily Star |date=5 July 2008 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Islam was elected to parliament from Satkhira-5 as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:৫ম জাতীয় সংসদে নির্বাচিত মাননীয় সংসদ-সদস্যদের নামের তালিকা |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917232851/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2018 |website=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] |publisher=[[Government of Bangladesh]] |language=bn}}</ref> He was elected to parliament from Satkhira-5 as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of 8th Parliament Members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/8th%20Parliament%20.pdf |website=[[Bangladesh Parliament]] |access-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918161135/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/8th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Islam, Gazi Nazrul}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:5th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:People from Satkhira District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Khulna Division]]

{{Khulna-politician-stub}}

Natsamrat

2026-03-08T06:45:06Z

NIULoyd091: put up

{{about||the Gujarati-language drama film|Natsamrat (2018 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Natasamrat
| image = Natsamrat_2016_Marathi_film_poster.jpg
| alt = Poster of the 2016 Marathi film Natasamrat. It depicts the protagonist looking downwards, wearing a white kurta and black Gandhi cap, against a lit background. The poster reads "Natsamrat" with its tagline in Marathi, which translates to "Such an actor will never be again" followed by the words "A Mahesh Manjrekar film".
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
| producer = {{ubl| [[Nana Patekar]] | Vishwas Joshi}}
| story = [[Kusumagraj|V. V. Shirwadkar]]
| screenplay = Mahesh Manjrekar, Abhijeet Deshpande and Kiran Yadnopavit
| writer = Kiran Yadnopavit
| based_on = {{Based on|''Natasamrat'' (drama)|[[Kusumagraj|V. V. Shirwadkar]]}}
| starring = {{ubl| [[Nana Patekar]] | [[Medha Manjrekar]] | [[Vikram Gokhale]] | [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] | [[Sunil Barve]] | [[Ajit Parab]]}}
| music = [[Ajit Parab]]
| cinematography = Ajith V. Reddy
| editing = Paresh Manjrekar
| studio = {{ubl| Fincraft Media and Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. | Gajanan Chitra | Great Maratha Entertainment}}
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|1|1|India|df=y}}
| runtime = 166 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget = {{estimation}}{{INR|7 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=६ मराठी सिनेमे ज्यांनी बॉक्स ऑफिसवर केली तुफान कमाई, बॉलिवूडवर भारी पडलेला तिसरा सिनेमा|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/top-6-highest-grossing-marathi-movies-sairat-ved-timepass-lai-bhaari/articleshow/101978142.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR|50 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-21 |title=Reclaiming the box office |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/reclaiming-the-box-office/article9730470.ece |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Natasamrat''''' ({{translation}} ''The King of Theater'' or ''The Emperor of Actors'') is a 2016 [[Indian cinema|Indian]] [[Marathi-language]] [[drama film]] starring [[Nana Patekar]] in the leading role. Based on a play of the same name written by playwright [[Kusumagraj]], the film depicts the tragic family life of a stage actor who has retired from acting but is unable to forget his fond memories of theatre and the stage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/natsamrat-review-nana-patekar-reminds-us-of-his-greatness-making-us-wonder-if-bollywood-can-get-better-than-this-film-in-2016-2568876.html |title=Natsamrat Review: Nana Patekar brilliance reminds us what Bollywood is missing out on |author=Subhash K Jha |work=FirstPost |access-date=10 January 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110002701/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/natsamrat-review-nana-patekar-reminds-us-of-his-greatness-making-us-wonder-if-bollywood-can-get-better-than-this-film-in-2016-2568876.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is directed by [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] and produced by Nana Patekar and Vishwas Joshi under the banner of Great Maratha Entertainment, Gajanan Chitra and Fincraft Media and Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. The film was officially released in India on 1 January 2016 and became the [[List of highest-grossing Marathi films|highest-grossing Marathi film]] at the time, until ''[[Sairat]]'' occupied that place.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ankita Mehta |title=Natsamrat box office collection: Nana Patekar starrer Marathi film records biggest opening weekend |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/natsamrat-box-office-collection-nana-patekar-starrer-marathi-film-records-biggest-opening-weekend-662207 |accessdate=17 January 2016 |work=International Business Times |issue=India |date=6 January 2016 |archive-date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090636/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/natsamrat-box-office-collection-nana-patekar-starrer-marathi-film-records-biggest-opening-weekend-662207 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=DNAIndia1/> The film was remade in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] in 2018 as ''[[Natsamrat (2018 film)|Natsamrat]]'', and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] in 2023 as ''[[Rangamarthanda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prakash-raj-turns-into-an-ad-for-krishna-vamsis-ranga-marthanda/articleshow/72521640.cms |title=Prakash Raj turns into an AD for Krishna Vamsi’s "Ranga Marthanda" |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704155111/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prakash-raj-turns-into-an-ad-for-krishna-vamsis-ranga-marthanda/articleshow/72521640.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/natsamrat/movie-review/65622373.cms|title=Natsamrat Movie Review {4.0/5}: Critic Review of Natsamrat by Times of India|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{long plot|section|date=March 2016|reason=Per WP:FILMPLOT, this section should be 400–700 words. As of this note, the section contains 964 words.}}
Ganpat Ramchandra Belwalkar ([[Nana Patekar]]), also known as Appa, is an acclaimed veteran theatre actor, garnering fame and fortune by acting in plays based on various works, especially those of [[William Shakespeare]]. He wins the award and the highest title of ''Natsamrat''.

Subsequently, Appa bequeaths all of his wealth to his children. He never keeps anything to himself and expresses his views very frankly. He does not mind using expletives while expressing his views. Only his wife Kaveri ([[Medha Manjrekar]]), whom he fondly calls 'Sarkar' (meaning Master/Lordship), and his close friend Rambhau ([[Vikram Gokhale]]) are able to understand his nature. His daughter-in-law Neha ([[Neha Pendse]]) and son Makrand ([[Ajit Parab]]) do not seem to appreciate his frank nature, which at times causes embarrassing situations for them when they have visitors or when their daughter hurls expletives at school. The breaking point in their relationship comes when their granddaughter performs a folk dance taught by Appa, which is not appreciated by her mother Neha. An argument follows between them, and when they return home, Neha slaps her daughter. The next day, Neha proposes to part ways with them by moving out, a ploy through which she anticipates that Appa will grant them their space. Appa sees through her plan and decides to move out while telling his son that the whole world is a stage, and his (Appa) part is a sad one.

Appa's wife Kaveri is very devoted to him, and she does not question his decision. They move to their son-in-law Rahul ([[Sunil Barve]]) and daughter Vidya's ([[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]) place. Appa continues with his carefree and frank ways, at times laden with few expletives. Rahul is a high-ranking engineer in his company and is of a caring nature. Vidya also confronts similar embarrassing situations as Neha, but Rahul does not seem to mind it. He appreciates Appa's poetry and his fluent style of recitals. On Vidya's anniversary, Appa comes in an inebriated state and embarrasses Rahul's boss. Although Appa apologizes the next day, Rahul does not seem to mind it and discards it as a one-off incident.

Meanwhile, Appa remembers about Rambhau and pays a visit to him. Rambhau is devastated after the demise of his wife Kumud. He lashes out at Appa for leaving him alone in his final days. A heart-touching conversation between [[Karna]] and [[Krishna]] is then enacted by Rambhau and Appa respectively while Rambhau is lying on his hospital bed. Mesmerized by Rambhau's performance and pitying his condition, Appa grants Rambhau his last wish.

The next day, Appa returns to his son-in-law's house. Kaveri tells Appa that Rambhau had overdosed on sleeping pills and that he is no more, to which Appa confesses that he gave the pills to him, implying that it was his last wish.

On another occasion, Appa insults Rahul's boss's son when he could not stand his weak adaption of ''[[Othello]]''. This irritates Vidya, who confronts her father. She makes their arrangement in her outhouse; however, her husband still stands by Appa and regards this as a non-issue. Vidya makes sure that the outhouse is well maintained and they are taken good care of.

One day, Vidya misplaces cash given to her by her husband, and in a turn of events, she accuses her parents of stealing it. This creates a rift between them. Vidya realizes her mistake later when she finds the money. She apologizes to her parents, but it is too late as Appa and Kaveri have already decided to move out. Vidya's husband Rahul is still sympathetic with her parents but cannot change their hearts. On that night, they escape from the outhouse for their ancestral village where they have an old house in a dilapidated state. On the way, they halt at a village, where Kaveri dies of fever. Appa is destroyed by this loss. He is supported by a boot polishwala (shoe polisher) named Raja. Raja is extremely poor and a homeless person who lives with his family under a bridge. Appa is at times in a delusional state and suffers from the fact that the grandeur with which he had lived as an actor is now making his pain unbearable in his state of loneliness and poverty. Appa serves tea at a tea stall, where he enthralls his customers with his poetry recitals and dialogue from his plays. A man named Siddharth (Sarang Sathaye), who has respect and great fondness for acting, continuously follows Appa, since, for Siddharth, he is a noble actor and an idol. Appa hides his real identity from Siddharth and refuses to acknowledge that he is Natsamrat. Siddarth, however, continues with his conviction regarding Appa being the great actor.

One day, Appa reads in the papers that his favorite theatre had burnt down in a fire. He goes there immediately and is completely shattered to see the theatre reduced to ashes. Siddharth also arrives there as he was following Appa. Here, Appa starts reliving his old memories and also accepts Siddharth's claim that he is the real Natsamrat Ganpatrao when Siddharth reveals that he knew all about him and his past. His family and Raja also come there to find him. They request him to come home with him and to live with them but he refuses. Appa is in a delusional state and shuffles between reality and the great personalities he had once portrayed as an actor on the very same stage. He gives his last performance on the theatre stage for Siddharth and tells him that theatre acting is about fulfilling one's longing. Unexpectedly, he screams, places a hand on his throat, and collapses. Immediately everyone runs to hold him, but they find that he has already died.

==Cast==
* [[Nana Patekar]] as Ganpat Ramchandra Belwalkar/ Natsamrat/ Appa /Baba
* [[Medha Manjrekar]] as Kaveri Ganpat Belwalkar/Sarkar
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Rambhau
* [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] as Vidya Ganpat Belwalkar/Vidya Rahul Barve, Ganpat's daughter
* [[Ajit Parab]] as Makrand Ganpat Belwalkar, Ganpat's son
* [[Neha Pendse]] as Neha Makrand Belwalkar
* [[Sunil Barve]] as Rahul Barve / Vidya's husband
* Sarang Sathaye as Siddharth
* Pranjal Parab
* Sarita Malpekar
* Vidya Patwardhan
* Jaywant Wadkar
* Nilesh Divekar
* [[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]
* [[Jitendra Joshi]] guest appearance
* [[Aniket Vishwasrao]] guest appearance
* [[Pooja Sawant]] guest appearance
* [[Neha Mahajan]] guest appearance

== Synopsis ==
The film is the screen adaptation of noted Marathi playwright [[Kusumagraj]]’s iconic Marathi play "Natsamrat"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Nana Patekar breathes life into 'Natsamrat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/nana-patekar-breathes-life-into-natsamrat/articleshow/50440715.cms |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which was first staged in 1970. Dr. [[Shriram Lagoo]] has acted in the Marathi play in the role of Natsamrat for a very long time<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=When Natsamrat met Natsamrat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/when-natsamrat-met-natsamrat/articleshow/50172917.cms |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>.

==Soundtrack==
Music for this film is composed by Ajit Parab. Lyrics are by V.V. Shirwadkar a.k.a. Kusumagraj and Guru Thakur.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 08:39
| title1 = Mituni Lochane
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
|
| length1 = 04:07
| title2 = Natyaasa Naav Apulya
| extra2 = [[Vibhavari Apte Joshi]]
| length2 = 04:32
|
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 1 January 2016, which is also the birthday of [[Nana Patekar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/83-natsamrat-to-release-on-1-january-2016 |title=Nana Patekar's Natsamrat to release on 1 January 2016 |author=Ajay Kulye |publisher= |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022144/http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/83-natsamrat-to-release-on-1-january-2016 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Apart from [[Maharashtra]], ''Natsamrat'' released in [[Gujarat]], [[Goa]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Delhi]], [[Telangana]] and [[West Bengal]] with nearly 1,600 shows across more than 400 screens in the country daily.<ref name=DNAIndia1/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/172-natsamrat-gets-biggest-release-for-a-marathi-movie |title=Natsamrat gets biggest release for a Marathi Movie |author=Ajay Kulye |publisher= |access-date=5 January 2016 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106014920/http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/172-natsamrat-gets-biggest-release-for-a-marathi-movie |url-status=usurped }}</ref> It also had special screenings in countries like [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Singapore]], [[Canada]], [[United States|USA]] till March 2016. Even in its 6th week it was running successfully in 174 theaters with 2,225 daily shows all over Maharashtra.<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-could-play-second-fiddle-to-me-nana-patekar-2177814 |title=Amitabh could play second fiddle to me: Nana Patekar |date=15 February 2016 |work=dna |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=18 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218050744/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-could-play-second-fiddle-to-me-nana-patekar-2177814 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==
The film received praise for its portrayal of the [[angst]] of an aged veteran theater actor. Film critics praised the movie for acting skills, direction, cinematography and script.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/natsamrat-review-nana-patekar-reminds-us-of-his-greatness-making-us-wonder-if-bollywood-can-get-better-than-this-film-in-2016-2568876.html/ |title=Natsamrat Review: Nana Patekar brilliance reminds us what Bollywood is missing out on |publisher=Firstpost |access-date=10 January 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110002701/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/natsamrat-review-nana-patekar-reminds-us-of-his-greatness-making-us-wonder-if-bollywood-can-get-better-than-this-film-in-2016-2568876.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/natsamrat-movie-review-nana-patekars-award-winning-performance-will-usher-in-the-new-year-with-a-bang/ |title=Natsamrat movie review: Nana Patekar's award winning performance will usher in the New Year with a BANG! |publisher= |access-date=1 January 2016 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101101425/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/natsamrat-movie-review-nana-patekars-award-winning-performance-will-usher-in-the-new-year-with-a-bang/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film received overwhelming response at the box office, and ran for more than 50 days across [[Maharashtra]].

==Box office==
''Natsamrat'' collected ₹10.25 Crore in first weekend <ref name=DNAIndia1>{{cite news |author1=Yogesh Pawar |title=Nana Patekar starrer Natsamrat gets biggest ever opening weekend in Marathi cinema |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-nana-patekar-starrer-natsamrat-gets-biggest-ever-opening-weekend-in-marathi-cinema-2162658 |accessdate=17 January 2016 |work=DNA India |date=5 January 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108204500/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-nana-patekar-starrer-natsamrat-gets-biggest-ever-opening-weekend-in-marathi-cinema-2162658 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ₹16.50 Crore in 1st week.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Nana-Patekar-steals-the-show-again/articleshow/50603889.cms |title=Nana Patekar steals the show again |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 January 2016 |archive-date=15 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084007/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Nana-Patekar-steals-the-show-again/articleshow/50603889.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It collected ₹22 Crore in 10 days,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/box-office-wazir-rakes-in-rs-21-crore-in-its-opening-weekend/16853165 |title=Box office: 'Wazir' rakes in Rs 21 crore in its opening weekend |date=12 January 2016 |work=mid-day |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-date=14 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114063608/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/box-office-wazir-rakes-in-rs-21-crore-in-its-opening-weekend/16853165 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/marathi/entertainment/natasamrat-movie-earns-approx-10-crore-in-first-3-days/ |title=Natasamrat movie earns approx 10 crore in first 3 days – 'नटसम्राट' सिनेमाची बॉक्स ऑफीसवर धुम |author=sunil desale |work=India.com |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106023329/http://www.india.com/marathi/entertainment/natasamrat-movie-earns-approx-10-crore-in-first-3-days/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ₹36 Crore till the 4th week <ref name="india.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/marathi/entertainment/nana-patekars-natasamrat-creates-history-at-box-office/ |title=Nana Patekar's Natasamrat creates history at Box Office! – नानाच्या 'नटसम्राट'ने रचला इतिहास, केली रेकॉर्ड ब्रेक कमाई – Latest News & Updates in Marathi at India.com Marathi |author=Amit Ingole |work=India.com |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128094327/http://www.india.com/marathi/entertainment/nana-patekars-natasamrat-creates-history-at-box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and became the highest-grossing film in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], by collecting ₹40 Crore in 15 weeks. The film grossed over ₹39 Crore in India and ₹48 Crore worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Sairat' to 'Baipan Bhari Deva'; FIVE Top highest grossing Marathi films at the Indian box Office' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sairat-to-baipan-bhari-deva-five-top-highest-grossing-marathi-films-at-the-indian-box-office/photostory/102317026.cms?picid=102317103&from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Accolades==
; [[Zee Cine Awards|Best Marathi Film Award]]
* [[Best Film|Best Marathi Film]]-
; [[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2017/winners|title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017 Winners – List of Marathi Filmfare Award Winners|website=filmfare.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721043841/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2017/winners|url-status=live}}</ref>

*[[Nana Patekar]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]] – Won
*[[Medha Manjrekar]] – Best Actress – Nominated.
*[[Vikram Gokhale]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi|Best Supporting Actor]] - Won
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] - [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Marathi|Critics Best Film]] - Won

[[Zee Gaurav Puraskar|'''Zee''' '''Gaurav Puraskar''']]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/519-and-the-winners-are-zee-chitra-gaurav-awards-2016|title=And The Winners are: 'Zee Chitra Gaurav Awards 2016' – MarathiCineyug.com {{!}} Marathi Movie News {{!}} TV Serials {{!}} Theater|website=marathicineyug.com|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116052914/https://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/519-and-the-winners-are-zee-chitra-gaurav-awards-2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
*Best Director – [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
*Best Actor – [[Nana Patekar]]

==See also==
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Marathi|Highest grossing Marathi films]]
* ''[[Natsamrat (Gujarati)|Natsamrat]]'', 2018 Gujarati film
* ''[[Ranga Maarthaanda]],'' Telugu film

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5311546}}

{{Mahesh Manjrekar}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2016 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Manjrekar]]
[[Category:Marathi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2016 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]

Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway

2026-03-06T17:44:56Z

NIULoyd091: new a pg

{{Short description|Indian railway}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway
|logo = Indian Railway Heritage Logo-32 – Oudh & Rohailkhand Railway (ER).jpg
|type =
|foundation =1872
|defunct= 1925
|predecessor= [[Indian Branch Railway Company]]
|successor= [[East Indian Railway Company]]
|location_city = Lucknow
|location_country = [[India]]
|location =
|locations = 
|key_people =
|area_served = Northern India
|industry = [[Railways]]
|products =
|services = [[Rail transport]]
|revenue =
|operating_income =
|net_income =
|num_employees =
|parent =
|divisions =
|subsid =
|caption =
|homepage =
|footnotes =
|intl =
}}
'''Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway''' was an extensive railway network in North India, mostly north of the [[Ganges]], starting from [[Benares]] and subsequently up to [[Delhi]]. {{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

== History ==
[[File:Oude and Rohilkund steam locomotive of 0-6-2 type.jpg|thumb|"Oude and Rohilkund. [[0-6-2]] Type"]]
[[File:Steam Trolly for the Oude and Rohilkund Railway CR.jpg|thumb|"Steam Trolly for the Oude and Rohilkund Railway, constructed by Joseph Green Cooke, Locomotive and Carriage Superintendent"]]
[[File:Engine for the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, 1865.jpg|thumb|[[0-8-0]] engine for the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, 1865]]

The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway was formed in 1872 with the assets of the [[Indian Branch Railway Company]] and the government guarantee. It had its headquarters in Lucknow.<ref name=fibis>{{cite web| url = http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Oudh_and_Rohilkhand_Railway |title = Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway| publisher= fibis| access-date = 30 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=orr>{{cite web | url = http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.pdf | title = The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway | publisher = Management E-books6 | access-date = 30 May 2013 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/articles/manning/kumaon.html |title = The Rohilkhand and Kumaon| first=Ian|last=Manning| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 30 May 2013}}</ref> It built lines from [[Lucknow]] to [[Hardoi]], Lucknow to [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]] and [[Moradabad]] to [[Chandausi]] in 1872 and extended the last to [[Bareilly]] in 1873 It built a line from Varanasi to Lucknow in 1874, with an extension to [[Faizabad|Fyzabad]] known as Fyzabad Loop.<ref name="orr"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html|title = IR History: Early days II (1870=1889) | access-date = 30 May 2013}}</ref>

The 4 miles long [[Broad gauge]] line from Burhwal to Bahramghat was opened on 1 April 1872, as part of the Bahramghat branch of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. the line got closed around 1943. The 17 miles long Burwhal-Barabanki [[metre gauge]] line was opened 1 April 1872 as part of the Bahramghat branch of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. Upon conversion to mixed gauge, the metre gauge track formed part of the [[Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway]], which was managed as part of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway.

The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway was merged into the East Indian Railway on 1 July 1925 but this section of the Cawnpore-Burhwal Railway was worked by the [[Bengal and North Western Railway]] and was transferred to the [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]] on 1 January 1943. The 2-mile-long metre gauge line from Benares Cant. to Benares City was opened between 15 March and 1 April 1899 as the Benares City branch of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway was absorbed by the East Indian Railway on 1 July 1925 but this line was worked by the Bengal and North Western Railway and its successors from opening and was transferred to the [[North Eastern Railway (India)|North Eastern Railway]] on 27 February 1953.

The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway built the [[Malviya Bridge|Dufferin Bridge]] over the [[Ganges]] in 1883 with [[Frederick Walton (engineer)|Frederick Thomas Granville Walton]] as Chief Engineer, and its line was connected to [[East Indian Railway Company]]’s line at [[Mughalsarai Junction railway station|Mughalsarai]].<ref name=orr/> It extended its main line from Moradabad to [[Saharanpur]] in 1881-86 and a branch line was opened from [[Laksar]] to [[Haridwar]] in 1883. The Lucknow-[[Rae Bareilly]] extension was completed in 1893.<ref name=orr/>

The main line of Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway used to run from Varanasi to Saharanpur via Lucknow, [[Hardoi railway station|Hardoi]] Bareilly, Chandausi and Moradabad. With the opening of the Bareilly-Moradabad link via [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] in 1894, the main line distance was shortened and the route via Chandausi came to be known as Chandausi chord. A branch line linked it to [[Aligarh]].<ref name=orr/> The [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]-Moradabad link was established in 1898. The Varanasi-Lucknow link via Rae Bareilly shortened the main line further.<ref name=orr/> In 1888, the Government of India took over the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway making it a state railway.<ref name=orr/> In 1925, it was merged with the [[East Indian Railway Company]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html|title = IR History: Part III (1900=1947)| publisher=IRFCA | access-date = 30 May 2013}}</ref>

System mileage was {{convert|1910|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] {{convert|129|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of {{RailGauge|1000mm}} wide [[metre gauge]].<ref name=fibis/>

==Locomotives==
By the end of 1877 the company owned 88 steam locomotives, 331 coaches and 2244 goods wagons.<ref>{{cite book |title= Archiv für Post und Telegraphie, Band 7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gvs-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA62 |year=1879 |publisher= Reichsdruckerei, Berlin |language=German |pages=62–63 |isbn= }}</ref>

<gallery>
Steam locomotive of the Oudh and Rohilkand Railway.JPG|Steam locomotive No 11, [[0-6-0]]
Steam locomotive 'Lucknow' of the Oudh and Rohilkand Railway.JPG|Steam locomotive [[4-4-0]] named 'Lucknow'
Six-ton crane tank locomotive for the Oudh and Rohilkund Railway.jpg|The crane could lift and skew a load of 6 t at a radius of 14 ft (4,25 m)
</gallery>

== Conversion to broad gauge ==

The railway lines were converted to {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 2017.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

[[Category:Metre-gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Defunct railway companies of India]]
[[Category:History of rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1872]]
[[Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1888]]
[[Category:History of Awadh]]
[[Category:Rohilkhand]]

Shahryar Mirza

2026-03-04T07:13:34Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|De facto Mughal emperor from 1627 to 1628}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shahryar Mirza شهریار میرزا
| title = [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] of [[Mughal Empire]] [[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]
| image = Mirzashahryr.png
| alt =
| caption = Mirza Shahryar in his youth
| succession = [[Mughal Emperor]] (''[[de facto]]'')
| reign = 7 November 1627 – 19
January 1628 (with [[Dawar Bakhsh]])
| predecessor = [[Jahangir]]
| successor = [[Dawar Bakhsh]] (titular)
[[Shah Jahan]]
| succession1 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Thatta Subah|Thatta]]
| reign1 = 13 October 1625 – 1626
| predecessor1 = Bayazid Bukhari
| successor1 = Abu Saeed
| birth_date = 16 January 1605
| birth_place = [[Satna]], [[Illahabad Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1628|1|23|1605|1|16|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Lahore Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mihr-un-nissa Begum]] |1621}}
| issue = Arzani Begum
| full name = Mirza Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]]
| house-type =
| father = [[Jahangir]]
| mother =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] {{small|([[Hanafi]])}}
| burial_date = 23–24 January 1628
| burial_place = Lahore
}}
{{Mughal}}
'''Shahryar Mirza''' ({{langx|fa|شهریار میرزا}}, born '''Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar'''; 6 January 1605 – 23 January 1628) was the fifth and youngest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Toward the end of Jahangir’s life, and after his death, Shahryar attempted to claim the throne with the support of his influential stepmother and mother-in-law, Nur Jahan. Although Shahryar briefly held power in [[Lahore]] from 7 November 1627 to 19 January 1628, he largely relied on [[Nur Jahan]] to govern on his behalf. However, their attempt to secure the throne failed. He was defeated and later executed by his brother Khurram Mirza, who became emperor under the name [[Shah Jahan]]. Although Shahryar briefly ruled, he is generally not included in the official list of Mughal emperors.

==Early years==
Shahryar was born a few months before his grandfather, Emperor [[Akbar]]'s death in 1605.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Kobita|title=Shah Jahan and His Paradise on Earth|publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Company|year=2007|location=Agra, India|pages=16–17}}</ref>

In 1621, Shahryar married [[Mihr-un-nissa Begum]] (also known as Banu, Bahu or Ladli Begum), the daughter of his potentate and domineering step-mother [[Nur Jahan]] by her first marriage to [[Sher Afghan Quli Khan|Sher Afghan]]. Shahryar and Mihr-un-nissa had a daughter Arzani Begum (also known as Lardili or Wali Begum), born on 4 September 1623.<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702051%26ct%3D224 The Grandees of the Empire - Jahángír's children, ''Sultan Shahryar''] [[Ain-i-Akbari]], by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]], Volume I, Chpt. 30.</ref><ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702015%26ct%3D309%26rqs%3D348 Ali Q] [[Ain-i-Akbari]], by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]], Volume I, chpt. 310, "'Alí Q.'s daughter, who, like her mother, had the name of Mihrunnisa, was later married to Prince Shahryar, Jahangir's fifth son.".</ref>

At Nur Jahan's request, he was given the ''pargana'' of [[Dholpur]] and its fort from Jahangir which [[Prince Khurram]] wanted for himself. He appointed Daria Khan, an Afghan, as its in-charge. This led to a skirmish between Nur Jahan's appointed in-charge Sharifu-l-Mulk, who was a servant of both Shahryar and Daria Khan. Sharifu-l-Mulk arrived on the scene shortly, and tried to force himself into the fort.<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D07601010%26ct%3D36%26rqs%3D142 Dholpur] The Riyazu-s-Salatin (Gardens of the Sultans), a History of Bengal, by Ghulam Husain Salim ‘Zayadpuri’. 1787-8.</ref>

On October 13, 1625, Jahangir appointed Shahryar as Governor of [[Thatta]]. Sharif-ul Mulk carried out the administration as the Deputy of the Prince.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XlhXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Shahryar%22+mughal+prince Shahryar Governor] ''The Calligraphers of Thatta'' By Muhammad Abdul Ghafur, 1968, Pakistan-Iran Cultural Association. Page 18.</ref>

==Reign (1627–1628)==
After the death of his father [[Jahangir]] on 28 October 1627, Shahryar, as [[Nur Jahan]] desired, ascended to the Mughal throne, but for only three months. Since he was in Lahore at the time, he immediately took over the imperial treasury and distributed over 70 [[lakh]] rupees among old and new noblemen to secure his throne. Meanwhile, on the death of the Emperor, Mirza Baisinghar, son of the late [[Prince Daniyal]], fled to Lahore and joined Shahryar.

Soon, near Lahore, Shahryar's forces met those of [[Asaf Khan IV|Asaf Khan]], (father of [[Mumtaz Mahal]]), who wanted his son-in-law Shah Jahan to ascend the throne, and had already proclaimed [[Dawar Bakhsh]] as Emperor near Agra, as a stop-gap arrangement to save the throne for Shah Jahan. Shahryar lost the battle and fled into the fort, where the next morning he was presented in front of Dawar Baksh, who placed him in confinement and two to three days later had him blinded by Asaf Khan, thus bringing his short reign to a tragic end. It is said that Shahryar also had a form of leprosy due to which he had lost all his hair including his eyebrows and eyelashes.<ref>Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, By Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India). Published 1868. p. 218.</ref>

==Poetry==
Like all Mughal princes, Shahryar had training in poetry. Towards the end of his life, while blind, he wrote a poignant verse titled ''Bi Gu Kur Shud didah-i-Aftab''.<ref>''Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature'', Nabi Hadi, page 554</ref>

==Death==
On the 2nd Jumada-l awwal, 1037 AH (1628), Shah Jahan ascended to the throne at Lahore, and on the 26th ''Jumada-l awwal'', January 23, 1628, upon his orders, Dawar, his brother Garshasp, Shahryar, and Tahmuras and [[Hushang Mirza|Hoshang]], sons of the deceased [[Daniyal Mirza|Prince Daniyal]], were all put to death by [[Asaf Khan IV|Asaf Khan]].<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D80201016%26ct%3D165%26rqs%3D115%26rqs%3D116%26rqs%3D225%26rqs%3D226%26rqs%3D232%26rqs%3D249%26rqs%3D250%26rqs%3D351%26rqs%3D352%26rqs%3D456%26rqs%3D457%26rqs%3D640%26rqs%3D641%26rqs%3D681%26rqs%3D682 Death of the Emperor (Jahangir)] [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period]], Sir H. M. Elliot, London, 1867–1877, Vol 6.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ugxFjVDk3I8C&dq=Shahryar&pg=PA278 Shahryar] ''Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India'', by Ellison Banks Findly, [[Oxford University Press]] US, page 275-282, 284, "23 January...".</ref>

==Aftermath==
After Shahryar's death, Shah Jahan ruled the empire for thirty years, until imprisoned by Aurangzeb and dying eight years later.

[[Asaf Khan IV|Asaf Khan]], was made the prime minister of [[Mughal Empire]], and [[Nur Jahan]], with an annual pension of two [[lakh]] and spent the rest of her days, confined in her palace in Lahore, along with her daughter [[Mihr-un-nissa Begum]], the widow of Shahryar.<ref>[https://www.ualberta.ca/~rnoor/tomb_noor_jahan.html Noor Jahan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232221/https://www.ualberta.ca/~rnoor/tomb_noor_jahan.html |date=3 March 2016 }} [[University of Alberta]].</ref> Nur Jahan died in 1645 at age 68.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46970/India Shah Jahan] [[britannica.com]].</ref>

==Further reading==
* ''Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India'', by Ellison Banks Findly, [[Oxford University Press]] US. 2000. {{ISBN|0-19-507488-2}}.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Mughal Empire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahryar}}
[[Category:1605 births]]
[[Category:1628 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:Executed royalty]]
[[Category:17th-century executions by the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Subahdars of Thatta]]

Kaakum Karangal

2026-03-04T05:17:48Z

NIULoyd091: new

{{short description|1965 film by A. C. Tirulokchandar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kaakum Karangal.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]
| story = A. C. Tirulokchandar
| producer = M. Murugan M. Kumaran [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] M. Balasubramanian
| starring = [[S. S. Rajendran]] [[C. R. Vijayakumari]]
| cinematography = T. Muthusamy
| editing = R. G. Gop
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = Murugan Brothers
| distributor = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{film date|1965|6|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kaakum Karangal''''' ({{translation|Helping Hands}}) is a 1965 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]. Inspired by British writer [[W. Somerset Maugham]]'s 1925 novel ''[[The Painted Veil (novel)|The Painted Veil]]'', it was produced by Murugan Brothers, a subsidiary of [[AVM Productions]]. The film stars [[S. S. Rajendran]] and [[C. R. Vijayakumari]], with [[Nagesh]], [[L. Vijayalakshmi]], [[S. V. Subbaiah]], [[Sivakumar]] (in his acting debut) and Revathi playing supporting roles. It was released on 19 June 1965, and failed at the box office.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2021}}
Shankar's father dies due to lack of medical assistance. His mother, with great difficulty, educates him to be a surgeon. One day, his visit to treat Mahalakshmi develops into love for each other. Subbaiah, a rich man and father of Mahalakshmi, objects to this, but finally agrees, saying that she must leave his house. After some time, Mahalakshmi begets a child, but the child dies in a fire accident. This causes a misunderstanding between Shankar and Mahalakshmi. Shankar feels that his hands cannot perform surgery anymore. He opts for a service with tribals at Senjipuram. There, he gets affected by viral fever. What happens from there is the rest of the film.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[S. S. Rajendran]] as Dr. Shankar
* [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] as Mahalakshmi
* [[Sivakumar]] as Surendar
* [[Manimala (actress)|Manimala]]
* [[Nagesh]] as Somasundaram
* [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] as Vijayalakshmi
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Shankar's mother
* Revathi as Radha
* [[S. V. Subbaiah]] as Ranganathan
* [[S. V. Ramadas]] as Ramalingam
}}

== Production ==
The film marked the acting debut of [[Sivakumar]], then known by his [[Birth name|name at birth]] Palaniswamy. He had already signed a film titled ''Chithrapournami'', but that was shelved. Its directors [[Krishnan–Panju]] recommended him to [[AVM Productions]] for their film ''Kaakum Karangal''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=25 October 2016 |title=Art of the matter |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Art-of-the-matter/article15747777.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810132052/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Art-of-the-matter/article15747777.ece |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Tirulokchandar, who was searching for the second lead actor to pair with Vijayakumari, selected Palaniswamy, who was rechristened Sivakumar by AVM founder [[A. V. Meiyappan]].{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=154}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2014 |title=சிவகுமாரின் முதல் படம் காக்கும் கரங்கள் |trans-title=Kaakum Karangal, Sivakumar's first film |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/07222204/Cinema-history-Sivakumar-first.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005200416/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/07222204/Cinema-history-Sivakumar-first.html |archive-date=5 October 2015 |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> The film was produced by Murugan Brothers, a subsidiary of AVM.<ref name="sp" /> Saravanan revealed he had to reduce Sivakumar's portions because the actress who played his love interest him could not do justice to the acting.<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=6 March 2005 |title=அழாதீங்க தம்பி! |trans-title=Don't cry, younger brother! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-03-06/kalki2005-03-06.pdf |access-date=12 July 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=52–55 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

Due to the success of ''[[Naanum Oru Penn]]'' (1963), Meiyappan wanted its lead actors [[S. S. Rajendran]] and [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] to star. Saravanan felt Rajendran looked ill-suited for a sophisticated character, but Meiyappan remained adamant about casting him for the role.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=155–156}} [[S. P. Muthuraman]], who worked as one of the assistant directors in the film revealed that the crew had a tough time to make a small baby walk.<ref>{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=29 July 2015 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 19- சிவகுமாரின் மேன்மை! |trans-title=Try making a film, part 19 – Sivakumar's greatness! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/51755-19.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810131937/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/51755-19.html |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=10 August 2020 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by T. Muthusamy, and the editing by R. G. Gop.<ref name="songbook" /> According to [[Randor Guy]], the film's plot was inspired by the novel ''[[The Painted Veil (novel)|The Painted Veil]]'' by British writer [[W. Somerset Maugham]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=6-12 August 2011 |title=Tamil cinema 75 – A Look Back {{!}} The AVM story – 75 |url=http://mambalamtimes.in/admin/pdf/1312550277.06.08.2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117174155/http://mambalamtimes.in/admin/pdf/1312550277.06.08.2011.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=Mambalam Times}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaakkum Karangal |url=http://gaana.com/album/kaakkum-karangal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329164149/http://gaana.com/album/kaakkum-karangal |archive-date=29 March 2014 |access-date=7 September 2015 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> This was his first collaboration with AVM.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=155}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thirunaal Vandhathu
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 4:01
| title2 = Akka Akka Aasai
| lyrics2 = [[Kannadasan]]
| extra2 = P. Susheela
| length2 = 4:40
| title3 = Azhagiya Rathiyae
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| extra3 = [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length3 = 5:48
| title4 = Gnayiru Enbathu
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| extra4 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], P. Susheela
| length4 = 3:57
| title5 = Alli Thandhu
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| extra5 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
| length5 = 4:10
| total_length = 22:36 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Kaakum Karangal'' was released on 19 June 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1965 – காக்கும் கரங்கள் – ஏ.வி.எம். |trans-title=1965 – Kaakum Karangal – A.V.M. |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1965-cinedetails15.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190305130957/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1965-cinedetails15.asp |archive-date=5 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=152}} T. M. Ramachandran of ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'' wrote, "The central theme is familiar to some extent, some of the sequences follow the beaten track and there is an overdose of melodrama. The picture, however manages to win the sympathy and appreciation of the audience on account of the poignancy and dignity with which the whole story has been told on screen".<ref name="sp" /> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the performances of Rajendran and Vijayakumari in the first half, but felt the latter slipped in the film's second half.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 July 1965 |title=காக்கும் கரங்கள் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1965/jul/04-07-1965/p29.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220724095727/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1965/jul/04-07-1965/p29.jpg |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=4 January 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=29 |language=ta}}</ref> According to Saravanan, the film failed at the box office due to miscasting.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=155–156}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/download/sok.KaakumKarangal_A.C.Thirulokachander_1965/64.%20KaakumKarangal_A.C.Thirulokachander_1965.pdf |title=காக்கும் கரங்கள் |publisher=[[AVM Productions]] |year=1965 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=28 June 2022 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=17 July 1965 |title=Murugan Brothers' Latest |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n169/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230301050503/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n169/mode/2up |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=51 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=19}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{AVM Productions}}
{{A. C. Tirulokchandar}}

{{Improve categories|date=April 2024}}

[[Category:1965 Indian films]]
[[Category:1965 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1965 drama films]]
[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. C. Thirulokachandar]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Thendral Veesum

2026-03-04T05:15:12Z

NIULoyd091: added stub...

{{short description|1962 film directed by B. S. Ranga}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thendral Veesum
| image = Thendral Veesum.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[B. S. Ranga]]
| producer = [[B. S. Ranga]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Virudhai Ramasamy
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Kalyan Kumar]] [[M. R. Radha]] A. Karunanidhi [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] [[Rajasree]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Vikram Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1962|9|7|ref1=}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil Telugu
}}
'''''Thendral Veesum''''' ({{translation|Breezy air is blowing}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language]] film produced and directed by [[B. S. Ranga]]. The film stars [[Kalyan Kumar]], [[M. R. Radha]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] and [[Rajasree]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1962 – தென்றல்வீசும் – விக்ரம் புரொ. (த-தெ) |trans-title=1962 – Thendral Veesum – Vikram Pro. (ta-te) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails14.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325005147/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails14.asp |archive-date=25 March 2017 |access-date=25 March 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> The film was simultaneously produced in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the title '''''Aasa Jeevulu'''''.<ref name=":0" />

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=July 2022}}

== Cast ==
===Tamil version===
The list was adapted from K. Neelamegam's Thiraikalanjiyam Part2.<ref name="thiraikalanjiyam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 2 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2016 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=67–68 |language=Tamil}}</ref>
{{cast listing|
*[[Kalyan Kumar]]
*[[M. R. Radha]]
*[[A. Karunanidhi]]
*[[Prem Nazir]]
*S. Rama Rao
*[[V. Nagayya]]
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]]
*[[Rajasree]]
*Rukmini
}}
===Telugu version===
{{Cast listing|
*[[J. V. Ramana Murthi|Ramanamurthy]]
*[[Rajasree]]
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]]
*[[Girija (actress)|Girija]]
*[[Ramana Reddy]]
*Kutumbarao
*Chayadevi
*[[V. Nagayya]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was simultaneously produced in Telugu with the title ''Aasa Jeevulu''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=raghavankannan |date=21 December 2007 |title=TMS and Vamanan praises MSV! |url=http://www.msvtimes.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1470&start=15&sid=63e325e6937b8b1eb4259b957d1d721a |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325003306/http://www.msvtimes.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1470&start=15&sid=63e325e6937b8b1eb4259b957d1d721a |archive-date=25 March 2017 |access-date=25 March 2017 |website=msvtimes.com}}</ref> The song ''Paadinaar Kavignar Paadinaar'' was recorded for ''[[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]'' with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] featuring in the scene. But that was not included in the film for some reason. [[B. S. Ranga]] who was the producer and director for that film as well, used the song in this film.<ref name="thiraikalanjiyam" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by the duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]. The song ''Aambala Manasu Aasaiyinaale Aaduthu'' sung by S. C. Krishnan, K. Jamuna Rani and L. R. Eswari was recorded in the disc but was not included in the film.<ref name="thiraikalanjiyam" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "Paadinaar Kavignar Paadinaar" || T. M. Soundararajan & P. Susheela || rowspan=5|[[Kannadasan]]|| 04:57
|-
| "Meettaadha Veenai Idhu" || rowspan=5|P. Susheela || 03:06
|-
| "Ellorum Vaazhgavenru" || 02:35
|-
| "Veetinile Iruvar Vaazhginraar" ||
|-
| "Paatu Pirandhavudan Paarka Vandhaaye" || 03:20
|-
| "Aasaiyil Pirapathu Thunivu" || rowspan=5|[[Mayavanathan]]|| 03:33
|-
| "Sandhanathil Nirameduthu" || S. Janaki || 03:17
|-
| "Yaen Mama Kovamaa" || G. K. Venkatesh & L. R. Eswari || 03:18
|-
| "Azhagaana Malare Arivaana Porule" || P. B. Sreenivas || 03:31
|-
| "Aasaiyil Pirapathu Thunivu 2" || P. Susheela || 03:11
|-
| "Aambala Manasu Aasaiyinaale" || S. C. Krishnan, K. Jamuna Rani & L. R. Eswari || || 03:24
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0261350}}

[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1962 drama films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Meri Adalat

2026-03-03T23:54:24Z

NIULoyd091: new!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Meri Adaalat
| image = Meri Adalat (1984).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[A. T. Raghu]]
| writer =
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]] [[Zeenat Aman]]
| producer =
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| editing =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1984|01|13}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Meri Adaalat''''' is a 1984 Hindi film directed by [[A. T. Raghu]]. The film was a revenge drama featuring [[Rajinikanth]] in the lead, supported by [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Kader Khan]], [[Shreeram Lagoo]], [[Sonia Sahni]], [[Mohnish Behl]] and Komal Mahuakar. The movie was dubbed in Tamil as ''Veetukku Oru Nallavan'',<ref>{{cite AV media| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/bVxEeIbabS8| archive-date = 2021-12-09| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVxEeIbabS8| title = Veettukku Oru Nallavan – Official Tamil Full Movie {{!}} Bayshore | via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It is a remake of director's own Kannada movie ''[[Aasha (1983 film)|Aasha]]'' (1983) starring [[Ambareesh]]. This movie went on to inspire the 1991 Kannada movie ''[[Garuda Dhwaja]]'' also starring [[Ambareesh]]. The film was a box-office hit.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/happy-birthday-rajinikanth-7-unknown-facts-superstar/ | title=Happy Birthday Rajinikanth: Here are 7 unknown facts about the superstar : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=12 December 2020 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
It is the story of a brother played by Rajinikanth who is a tough cop and his sister played by Komal Mahuakar. The sister is in love with her college friend played by Mohnish Behl. It is the love story between them and the future incidents which make the cop take the law in his hands and have his own Adaalat called Meri Adaalat. Zeenat Aman a journalist plays the love interest of Rajinikanth supported by Kader Khan, Shreeram Lagoo and others.

== Cast ==
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Inspector Ashok
* [[Zeenat Aman]] as Prameela
* [[Kader Khan]] as Mohanraj
* [[Shreeram Lagoo]] as Judge Rajaram
* [[Sonia Sahni]] as Mrs. Mohanraj
* [[Mohnish Behl]] as Arjun
* [[Rupini|Komal Mahuvakar]] as Asha

== Music ==
Music by [[Bappi Lahiri]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "You are Beautiful"
| [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Osa Osa"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Rajaji, Raniji"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Shabbir Kumar]]
|-
| "Ek Baar Bach Gayi"
| Asha Bhosle, Shabbir Kumar
|-
| "Gudiya Jaisi Behna"
| [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0268456|Meri Adaalat}}

[[Category:1984 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Kannada films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Sindhoora Thilaka

2026-03-03T22:08:08Z

NIULoyd091: added layout for clarity and updated info based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sindhoora Thilaka
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Om Sai Prakash]]
| producer = K. Satyaranayana
| screenplay =
| story = M. S. Madhu
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sunil (Kannada actor)|Sunil]]
*[[Malashri]]
*[[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]
}}
| music = [[Upendra Kumar]]
| cinematography = Johny Lal
| editing = Narasaiah
| studio = R S Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1992| |}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sindhoora Thilaka''''' is a 1992 Indian [[Kannada language]] film directed by [[Om Sai Prakash]], starring [[Sunil (Kannada actor)|Sunil]] and [[Malashri]]. The supporting cast features [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Jaggesh]] and [[Abhijeeth]]. The music was composed by [[Upendra Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://paaru.in/movies/sindhoora-thilaka-kannada-1905 |title=Sindhoora Thilaka cast & crew |access-date=18 March 2015 |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150318071825/http://paaru.in/movies/sindhoora-thilaka-kannada-1905 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Kizhakku Vasal]]'' directed by [[R. V. Udayakumar]].

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Sunil (Kannada actor)|Sunil]]
* [[Malashri]]
* [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]
* [[Jaggesh]]
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]]
* [[Abhijeeth]]
* [[Jai Jagadish]]
* [[Umashri]]
* Asha Rani
* [[Padma Kumta|Padma Kumuta]]
* [[Om Sai Prakash]]
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sindhoora Thilaka
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Upendra Kumar]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[Upendra Kumar]] composed the film's background score and music for the soundtracks. The lyrics were written by [[R. N. Jayagopal]]. The album consists of six tracks.

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Suggi Bandare
| lyrics1 =[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Sindhoora Thilaka
| lyrics2 =R. N. Jayagopal
| extra2 = [[Sangeetha Katti]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Naa Seeti Hodidare
| lyrics3 = R. N. Jayagopal
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 =
| title4 = Pancharangi Giniye
| lyrics4 = R. N. Jayagopal
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 =
| title5 = Sobaana Haaduve
| lyrics5 = R. N. Jayagopal
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 =
| title6 = Sobaana
| lyrics6 = R. N. Jayagopal
| extra6 = Chorus
| length6 =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sai Prakash}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sindhoora Thilaka}}
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Upendra Kumar]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sai Prakash]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Amen (2013 film)

2026-03-03T20:43:16Z

NIULoyd091: Stub

{{short description|2013 Indian film}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Amen
| image = Amen_2013_poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| alt =
| director = [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]]
| producer = Fareed Khan
| writer = [[P. S. Rafeeque]]
| story = Lijo Jose Pellissery
| starring = {{ubl|[[Fahadh Faasil]]|[[Indrajith Sukumaran]]|[[Kalabhavan Mani]]|[[Swathi Reddy]]}}
| music = [[Prashant Pillai]]
| cinematography = [[Abinandhan Ramanujam]]
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]
| studio = Whitesands Media House Production
| distributor = Kochin Talkies
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|03|22}}
| runtime = 159 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Amen |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/amen-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znzayodm |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 35 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027491&cid=14625530|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503214722/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027491&cid=14625530|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2013|title=Kerala Box-Office - April 2013|website=[[Sify]]|date=29 April 2013|accessdate=14 September 2014}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}

'''''Amen''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[romantic comedy]] directed by [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]] and written by [[P. S. Rafeeque]] from a story by Pellissery. The film revolves around the events in a picturesque [[Kuttanad]] village, following the arrival of a young priest and a pair of [[star-crossed]] lovers. The film stars [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Indrajith Sukumaran]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], and [[Swathi Reddy]] (in her Malayalam debut). The film's songs and [[background score]] was composed by [[Prashant Pillai]].

The film was released on 22 March 2013, receiving widespread positive reviews from critics. The film was also a commercial success at the box-office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/swati-reddy-signs-lijo-joses-amen/288431-71-210.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919083133/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/swati-reddy-signs-lijo-joses-amen/288431-71-210.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2012 |title=Swati Reddy signs Lijo Jose's 'Amen' |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=4 September 2012 |accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Swati-Reddy-to-make-Mwood-debut-with-Amen/articleshow/15490643.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331080420/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-14/news-and-interviews/33200752_1_m-wood-debut-malayalam-film-industry-important-roles |url-status=live |archive-date=31 March 2013 |title=Swati Reddy to make M'wood debut with Amen |date=14 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Release" /><ref name="indiaglitz.com" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam-cinema-first-half-of-2013-progress-report-news-malayalam-nhgry4ccbfg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708062540/http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam-cinema-first-half-of-2013-progress-report-news-malayalam-nhgry4ccbfg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-07-08|title=Malayalam cinema – First Half of 2013 Progress Report|work=Sify}}</ref><ref>Deepa Gauri. ''The best of Malayalam cinema in 2013'' 26 December 2013 [[Khaleej Times]] [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2013/December/citytimes_December198.xml&section=citytimes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102124957/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcitytimes%2F2013%2FDecember%2Fcitytimes_December198.xml&section=citytimes|date=2 January 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
The plot revolves around the lives of a few people around an ancient [[Syrian churches of Kerala|Syrian church]] in a [[Kuttanad]]an village called Kumarankari. Solomon is in love with Shoshanna who is the daughter of a wealthy contractor. Solomon is a failed band member however he is the son of the famous Estapan, who was renowned in Kerala for his clarinet playing abilities, and died in a boat accident.

Fr. Vincent Vattoli comes to the church as a new recruit to the parish. He learns about the relationship and tries to unite the couple. At this time, the marriage of Shoshanna gets fixed. Solomon attempts to elope, in vain. They are caught by Shoshana's parents and Solomon is mercilessly beaten up.

The people of Kumanamkari and the neighboring town then place a bet in which the St. George's band has to win in order for Solomon's marriage to occur. It was said that Shoshanna would be married to Solomon if they win the competition with Solomon leading the band.

The band takes intense practices and wins the bet, while Solomon's band master, Louis Paapan dies. At that night Shosana's father backs out of the bet. Him, the evil old parish priest and Solomons uncle are haunted at night by St. George at the time when they were destroying the church. They all came to the realisation that Solomon had divine powers on his side and they stood aside from Solomon's life as obstacles.

Solomon marries Shosana and the band continues to participate in other competitions. Later a call comes to the church informing that the new Priest [[Priest|Fr]]. Vincent Vattoli is taking charge. The Kumarangiri folks now come to know that Fr. Vincent Vattoli was actually the [[Saint George]] himself who appeared in front of them.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Fahadh Faasil]] as Solomon
* [[Indrajith Sukumaran]] in a [[dual role]] as :
**Father Vincent Vattolli
**Allegedly [[St. George]] in disguise
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Louis Paapan
* [[Swathi Reddy]] as Shoshanna
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] as Philipose
* [[Rachana Narayanankutty]] as Clara
* [[Joy Mathew]] as Father Abraham Ottaplakan
* [[Sunil Sukhada]] as Kappiyar Kochousep
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Paily
* [[Anil Murali]] as Thommeni Davis
* [[Makarand Deshpande]] as Shevaliyar Pothachan
* [[Sandra Thomas]] as Mariyama
* [[Sasi Kalinga]] as Chachappan
* [[Rajesh Hebbar]] as Esthappan/Esthappanasan
* [[Sudheer Karamana]] as Mathachan
* [[Sudhi Koppa]] as Sebastian (Clara's lover)
* [[Chali Pala]] as Mathews
* [[Kulappulli Leela]] as Therutha
* [[Nisha Sarang]] as Leenamma /Mathachan's Wife
* Natasha Sahgal as Michelle
* Kainakary Thankaraj as Chali Pappan
* Jayasanker Karimuttam as Vishakol Pappy
* Shobha Singh as Solomon's Mother
* V K Unnikrishnan as Kamlasanan Engineer
* Rukmini Amma as Shoshanna's Grandmother
* Vinod Calicut as Vikraman
* [[Gokulan (actor)|Gokulan]] as Coconut Tree Climber
* Nimral Benny
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film is scripted by PS Rafeeque, who also wrote Lijo's debut feature film ''[[Nayakan (2010 film)|Nayakan]]'' (2010). [[Abinandhan Ramanujam]] is the cinematographer who also wielded the camera for {{YouTube|9uPhC2mmTgM|''The Postman''}}, a [[National Film Award (India)|national award]] winning non-feature film from [[Chennai]] and shot the vivid TV series for MTV, ''The Rush''.<ref name="Sathyendran">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/shotcuts-amen-to-that/article3987946.ece |title=Shotcuts: Amen to that |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 October 2012 |accessdate=22 October 2012 |location=Chennai, India |first=Nita |last=Sathyendran}}</ref>

[[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] was selected play the role of Father Vincent Vattolli, the young priest of a church in a village called Kumaramkari. This film is the actor's third film with Lijo after stellar performances in the critically acclaimed ''Nayakan'' and ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]'' (2011). [[Fahadh Faasil]] plays the other lead character named Solomon, who is in love with Shoshanna. Shoshanna is played by [[Andhra Pradesh]]-born actress [[Swathi Reddy]], known for her role in the Tamil film ''[[Subramaniapuram]]''. Meanwhile, scriptwriter-turned-actor Natasha Sahgal, plays the part of a French lady, come to study the music and local culture.<ref name="Sathyendran"/>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Amen
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Prashant Pillai]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Mathrubhumi Music
| producer = [[Prashant Pillai]]
| prev_title = [[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[5 Sundarikal]]
| next_year = 2013
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]] except where noted
| all_music = [[Prashant Pillai]]
| title1 = Aathmavil
| extra1 = Kavita Mohan, [[Shweta Mohan]], Preeti Pillai, Sankar Sharma
| title2 = Karuthiku Thithai
| extra2 = Sopanam Anil, Sopanam Satheesh, Nithin Raj, Sankar Sharma
| title3 = Meen
| extra3 = [[Alyssa Mendonsa]]
| title4 = Pampara Pa Pa
| extra4 = Sopanam Anil, Sopanam Satheesh, [[Remya Nambeesan]], Nithin Raj
| title5 = Ee Solomanum Shoshannayum
| lyrics5 = P. S. Rafeeque
| extra5 = Preeti Pillai, Shreekumar Vakkiyil
| title6 = Spirit of Amen
| extra6 = Sankar Sharma, [[Alphons Joseph]], Prashant Pillai
| title7 = Vattolli
| extra7 = [[Lucky Ali]]
}}

==Awards==
* 2013 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Costume Designer]] - Siji Thomas Nobel
* 2013 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Art Director]] - M. Bawa
* 2013 - TTK Prestige-Vanitha Film Awards - Most Popular film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/ttk-prestige-vanitha-film-awards-shobhana-prithviraj-win-best-actor-actress-awards|title=TTK Prestige-Vanitha Film Awards: Shobhana, Prithviraj win best actor, actress awards|work=kerala9.com|access-date=7 January 2014|archive-date=7 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307082405/http://kerala9.com/news-category/news/movie-news/ttk-prestige-vanitha-film-awards-shobhana-prithviraj-win-best-actor-actress-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2013 : [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232342/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2014|title='Drishyam' Bags Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> - Best Popular film
* 2013 : [[Asianet Film Awards|16th Asianet Film Awards 2014]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmelon.com/posts/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list|title=16th Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2014 - Winners List|work=Filmelon|access-date=27 March 2015|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404075334/http://www.filmelon.com/posts/16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> - Best Music Director - Prashant Pillai

==Release==
''Amen'' reached theatres on 22 March 2013, receiving positive reviews from critics. It was declared as a blockbuster.<ref name="Release" /><ref name="indiaglitz.com"/>

===Critical reception===
Upon its release, ''Amen'' received widespread positive reviews from critics. Paresh C Palicha of [[Rediff.com]] stated that ''Amen'' is "brilliant" and concluded that "Director Lijo Jose Pellissery can be proud of making a brilliant film that has an intelligent story, a multi-layered screenplay, excellent cinematography and powerful performances from the actors."<ref name="Review 5" /> Aswin J Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the movie 3.5 stars in a scale of 5, stating that "In ''Amen'', director Lijo Jose Pallisserry dabbles in a newly-found realm. He does the act joyfully with a tinge of absurdity and he derives laughter that sometimes wobbles on sheer madness. The good part is that the joy stays, warm and pleasant, all through the film."<ref name="Review 6" />

Jo of ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' gave the film a favourable review praising the cinematography of Abinandhan Ramanujam and direction.<ref name="reviewMM" /> ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'s entertainment website [[Mathrubhumi|mb4frame]] also wrote a positive review saying ''<nowiki/>'''Amen'' is visually and technically brilliant.<ref name="reviewMB" /> [[Sify.com]] gave the movie a verdict of "brilliant" and concluded the review, saying that "When most films move out of your mind minutes after you leave the theaters, Amen just grabs you in a fantastic way. It has its flaws for sure, but just don't miss this gem. Two big thumbs up and a must watch recommendation for ''Amen''!"<ref name="Review 3" />

Smitha of [[Oneindia.in]] also gave the movie 3.5 stars and recommended to watch the movie "only if you enjoy watching different and experimental cinema."<ref name="Review 7" /> Veeyen of Nowrunning.com gave the movie 3 stars out of 5 and appreciated the movie, commenting that "The flavor, spirit and fun of ''Amen'' make it buoyantly unpretentious, and the sheer exuberance that it lets out renders it a movie of the magical kind. A feel-good, jovial and unfussy musical experience, it's a sunny gem of a film that drops down from the heavens above, as the Lord parts the clouds to take a look at the world down below.'''"<ref name="Review 8" />'''

===Box office===
''Amen'' was commercial success at the Kerala box office.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/Direct-hits/2013/05/12/article1582607.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629185343/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/Direct-hits/2013/05/12/article1582607.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|title=Direct hits|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|author1=Chandrakanth Viswanath|author2=Sunita Raghu|author3=Swati Sharma|author4=A Sharadhaa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/angamaly-diaries-meet-the-director-whose-malayalam-film-is-probably-the-best-this-year/story-BBFwlYgca6sVnDY1g5LtoM.html|title=Angamaly Diaries: Meet the director whose Malayalam film is probably the best this year|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=30 April 2017}}</ref> On 12 May, [[IBN Live]] reported that the film has made a clear profit of {{INR}} 30 million in 50 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/malayalam-comedy-flick-amen-completes-50-days-in-theaters/391157-71-210.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211034/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/malayalam-comedy-flick-amen-completes-50-days-in-theaters/391157-71-210.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-07-24|title=Malayalam film 'Amen' completes 50 days in theaters|work=IBNLive}}</ref> ''Amen'' completed 100 days in theatres across Kerala.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-03/news-and-interviews/40350857_1_fahadh-faasil-swati-reddy-indrajith | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-03/news-and-interviews/40350857_1_fahadh-faasil-swati-reddy-indrajith | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 October 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Amen completes 100 days in theatres | date=3 July 2013}}</ref> Overall it had a gross of {{Indian Rupee}} 8.12 crore with a satellite right of {{Indian Rupee}} 2.90 crore and {{Indian Rupee}} 2.7 million as other rights.<ref name="cs" />

==Remake==
There were reports that it is to be remade in [[Bollywood]] with [[Ranbir Kapoor]] playing the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-26/news-and-interviews/38817781_1_bollywood-filmmakers-fahadh-faasil-movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501031608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-26/news-and-interviews/38817781_1_bollywood-filmmakers-fahadh-faasil-movie|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-05-01|work=[[The Times of India]]|title='Amen' heads to Bollywood}}</ref>

==References==
<references>

<ref name="Release">{{cite web|title=Amen to hit theaters 22, successful movie. March|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/amen-to-hit-theatres-tomorrow/67094/story.htm|publisher=NowRunning|date=21 March 2013|accessdate=22 March 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193630/http://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/amen-to-hit-theatres-tomorrow/67094/story.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/92312.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403112132/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/92312.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2013|title=Amen leads the pack|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130326122458/http://www.sify.com/movies/amen-review-malayalam-15024056.html "Movie Review: Amen"] ''[[Sify]]''. 23 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. ''Brilliant''</ref>
<ref name="Review 5">[https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-amen-is-brilliant/20130325.htm "Amen is brilliant"] ''[[Rediff]]''. 25 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. {{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 6">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/movie-reviews/Amen/movie-review/19254492.cms "Amen movie review"] ''[[The Times of India]]''. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013. {{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 7">[https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2013/amen-movie-review-106001.html "Amen Movie Review – Experimental and unconventional!"] ''[[Oneindia.in|OneIndia]]''. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. {{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 8">[http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10866/malayalam/amen/4168/review.htm "Amen Review"] ''NowRunning''. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. {{Rating|3|5}}</ref>
<ref name="reviewMM">{{cite news|author=Jo|title=ആമേന് സ്തുതി ചൊല്ലാം|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13702715&programId=1074209438&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3|accessdate=7 April 2013|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|language=Malayalam|date=23 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409055856/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13702715&programId=1074209438&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3|archive-date=9 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="reviewMB">{{cite news|author=M.K|title=ആമേന് സ്തുതി|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/review/350146|accessdate=7 April 2013|newspaper=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=28 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407102317/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/review/350146/|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="cs">{{cite web | url=http://oi39.tinypic.com/11b7ocw.jpg | title=2013 Half Malayalam films hit status | publisher=[[Cine Shore]] | accessdate=19 July 2013}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2786278}}

{{Lijo Jose Pellissery}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films about Christianity]]
[[Category:Films about interclass romance]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:2010s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lijo Jose Pellissery]]
[[Category:2013 musical films]]

Sold (2022 film)

2026-03-03T12:10:19Z

NIULoyd091: added a entry...

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Short description| Indian Kannada film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sold
| image = Sold (2022 film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Prerana Agarwal
| writer = Prerana Agarwal
| producer = Deepam Kohli
| starring = [[Kavya Shetty]] Deepam Kohli Shivani Ballakuraya
| narrator =
| music = Jeet Singh
| cinematography = Sameer Deshpande
| editing = Chandan CM
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|01|04}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Sold''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language drama directed by Prerana Agarwal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sold-revolves-around-a-gangster-a-journo-and-a-child-prerana-agarwal/articleshow/89801916.cms|title = Sold revolves around a gangster, a journo and a child: Prerana Agarwal|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=25 February 2022 }}</ref> The cinematography is done by Sameer Deshpande. The film stars [[Kavya Shetty]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kavya-shetty-is-a-journo-in-her-next/articleshow/64341405.cms|title = Kavya Shetty is a journo in her next - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=28 May 2018 }}</ref> Deepam Kohli and Shivani Ballakuraya. The music is composed by Jeet Singh.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sold/movie-review/89993618.cms | title=Sold Movie Review: An earnest tale about Bengaluru's underbelly | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2022/mar/05/sold-movie-reviewa-moving-yet-grim-reflection-of-reality-30085.html | title=Sold Movie Review: A moving yet grim reflection of reality | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=5 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/sold-movie-review-prerana-agarwal-makes-solid-directorial-debut-with-film-on-child-trafficking/6c4b9c82c7549 | title=Sold movie review: Prerana Agarwal makes solid directorial debut with film on child trafficking }}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Kavya Shetty]] as Ruchitha<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shooting-for-sold-was-an-intense-experience-kavya-shetty/articleshow/89685927.cms|title =Shooting for Sold was an intense experience: Kavya Shetty|website = [[The Times of India]]|date =20 February 2022}}</ref>
*[[Danish Sait]]
*Deepam Kohli
*Shivani Ballakuraya<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-shivani-ballakuraya-the-girl-who-takes-the-story-of-sold-forward/articleshow/89901421.cms|title=Meet Shivani Ballakuraya, the girl who takes the story of Sold forward
|website = [[The Times of India]]|date=March 2022
}}</ref>

==Release==
The film was released on 4 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kavya-shetty-danish-saits-sold-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/89719039.cms|title =Kavya Shetty, Danish Sait's Sold gets a release date|website = [[The Times of India]]|date =21 February 2022}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "The film’s serious approach ensures that despite the kidnapping, there’s no melodrama involving the parents, and pretty much sticks to the plot. [...] ''Sold'', is a fairly decently made film, within its budgetary constraints."<ref>{{cite news |title=Sold movie review: Prerana Agarwal makes solid directorial debut with film on child trafficking |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/sold-movie-review-prerana-agarwal-makes-solid-directorial-debut-with-film-on-child-trafficking/6c4b9c82c7549 |work=[[OTTPlay]] |date=30 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave it 3/5 stars and wrote, "The film, based on real incidents, is disturbing, but allows the core message to come across".<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Sold Movie Review: A moving yet grim reflection of reality |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/story/kannada/review/2022/Mar/05/sold-movie-reviewa-moving-yet-grim-reflection-of-reality-30085.html |work=Cinema Express |date=7 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14549420}}

[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2022 thriller films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language thriller films]]

{{2020s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Sukhbir Sinha

2026-03-03T08:30:03Z

NIULoyd091: added new data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lala Sukhbir Sinha
| image = Sukhbir_Sinha.jpg
| birth_date = 1868
| birth_place = Muzaffarnagar, United Provinces, British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1928|11|2|1868|df=y}}
| occupation = Politician, Zamindar
| education = Agra College
| known_for = Hindu Mahasabha leadership, anti-cow slaughter movement, educational and political contributions
| parents = Rai Nihalchand Bahadur (father)
| relatives = Lala Odey Ram (grandfather), Lala Shib Narain (grandfather)
| organization = Hindu Mahasabha
}}

'''Lala Sukhbir Sinha''' (1868 – 2 November 1928) was a noted politician, [[zamindar]] and [[Hindu Mahasabha]] leader from the [[United Provinces of British India]].

Sinha was born at [[Muzaffarnagar]], son of Rai Nihalchand Bahadur. His grandparents Lala Odey Ram and Lala Shib Narain had been rewarded for their loyalty to the British during the 1857 mutiny. He was educated at Agra College.<ref name=ib/> He was elected member to the United Provinces Legislative Council in 1909.<ref name="ib" /> He was elected to the first [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]] in 1921 and also the Second Council of State in 1926.<ref name="ib" /><ref>Council of State Debates: Official Report by Council of State 1921 - Page 18 India. Legislature.</ref> He served as president of Anglo-Sanskrit School, Muzafarnagar; Honorary Magistrate, Muzafarnagar and as trustee of Meerut College, [[Meerut]] and the Central Hindu College of [[Benares]].<ref>Supplement to Who's who in India: Containing Lives and ...1912 - Page 206</ref> He was closely associated with Hindu Mahasabha and a noted leader who led an Anti Cow-killing Movement in the United Provinces.<ref>Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: ...Prabhu Bapu - 2012 - Page 214</ref><ref>Separatism Among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces ...By Francis Robinson 2007 pp 248</ref> He was Honorary Secretary of the Zamindar's Association, Muzafarnagar. He presided over the Vaishya Conference held at Allahabad, 1910.<ref name="ib">The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)</ref> He owned lands in Muzafarnagar and [[Saharanpur]] and much of it given a tax rebate by the British Indian government.<ref>[[iarchive:supplementtowhos00luckrich/page/n292/mode/1up|Supplement to Who's who in India, containing lives and photographs of the recipients of honours on 12th December 1911]] (1912):194.</ref><ref name="ib" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Sukhbir}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1928 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarnagar]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Hindu activists]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of State (India)]]
[[Category:Hindu Mahasabha politicians]]

The Rapist

2026-03-02T04:54:38Z

NIULoyd091: added a data

{{short description|2021 Indian Hindi film by Aparna Sen }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Rapist
| native_name =
| image = The Rapist.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Aparna Sen]]
| producer = [[Sameer Nair]] Deepak Segal Suchhanda Chatterjee Shubha Shetty
| writer =
| screenplay = Aparna Sen
| based_on =
| starring = [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] [[Arjun Rampal]] Tanmay Dhanania
| music =
| cinematography = [[Ayananka Bose]]
| editing = [[Rabiranjan Maitra]]
| studio = [[Applause Entertainment]] Quest Films
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2021|10|7|BIFF}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''The Rapist''''' is a 2021 Indian Hindi [[drama film]], written and directed by [[Aparna Sen]], that premiered at [[26th Busan International Film Festival]]. A Quest Films Pvt. Ltd. production, produced under the banner of [[Applause Entertainment]], stars [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Arjun Rampal]] and Tanmay Dhanania. The film chronicles the journey of three protagonists, whose lives are interlaced because of one horrific incident.

==Cast==
* [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as Naina Malik
* [[Arjun Rampal]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/together-once-more-209918 |title=Arjun Rampal to star with Konkona Sensharma in The Rapist |website=The Tribune |date=9 February 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906120805/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/together-once-more-209918 |url-status=live }}</ref> as Aftab Malik
* Tanmay Dhanania as Prasad Singh
* [[Ashok Chhabra]] as Naina's Father
* [[Anindita Bose]] as Malini, colleague of Naina
* [[Harleen Rekhi]]
* Gitanjali Rao as rapist's mother
* Vijay Kumar Dogra as police inspector
* Chetan Sharma as Latif, slum gang leader
* Sukesh Arora as Subhash, Aftab’s lawyer friend
* Semma Azmi as Savitri, Naina's maid
* Devika Prasad as Nurse in Nursing Home

==Production==
Aparna Sen while writing script for her 3rd Hindi film ''The Rapist'', said "What drew me to this is the psychology of the three main protagonists. Stripping off the layers and carefully built up facades to get to the real person underneath is quite a challenge and a fascinating process."{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} Pre-production work of the film began in February 2021 with finalization of cast and producers. The filmmaker Aparna Sen in her pre-production interview said, ''The Rapist'' will be a “hard-hitting drama that examines how much of society is responsible for producing rapists.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/konkona-sensharma-arjun-rampal-to-lead-aparna-sen-directorial-the-rapist-filming-will-begin-in-march-9296631.html |title=Konkona Sensharma, Arjun Rampal to lead Aparna Sen directorial The Rapist; filming will begin in March |website=Firstpost |date=12 February 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309044859/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/konkona-sensharma-arjun-rampal-to-lead-aparna-sen-directorial-the-rapist-filming-will-begin-in-march-9296631.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in early March 2021 in Delhi. [[Arjun Rampal]] finished his part of shooting in the 3rd week of March.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/arjun-rampal-wraps-up-aparna-sen-s-the-rapist-calls-his-journey-intense-and-fulfilling-1782271-2021-03-22 |title=Arjun Rampal wraps up Aparna Sen's The Rapist, calls his journey intense and fulfilling |first=Tiasa |last=Bhowal |website=India Today |date=22 March 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906101039/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/arjun-rampal-wraps-up-aparna-sen-s-the-rapist-calls-his-journey-intense-and-fulfilling-1782271-2021-03-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was wrapped up in first week of April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/aparna-sen-completes-shooting-of-arjun-rampal-konkona-sen-starrer-the-rapist |title=Aparna Sen completes shooting of Arjun Rampal, Konkona Sen starrer 'The Rapist' |first=Subhash K |last=Jha |website=National Herald |date=7 April 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906101039/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/aparna-sen-completes-shooting-of-arjun-rampal-konkona-sen-starrer-the-rapist |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Release==
''The Rapist'' had its premiere at [[26th Busan International Film Festival]] on 7 October 2021, under the 'A Window on Asian Cinema' section, where it was a joint winner of the
[[26th Busan International Film Festival#A Window on Asian Cinema|Kim Jiseok award]], alongside the 2021 Philippine Japanese sports biographical film ''[[Gensan Punch]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/asia/apartment-with-two-women-busan-award-1235089906/ |title='Apartment' and 'Hometown' Share Busan Festival's New Currents Award |author=Patrick Frater |work=Variety |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |language=ko}}</ref>

==Reception==
Richard Kuipers of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' praising the direction of Aparna Sen wrote, "One of the best works directed by veteran filmmaker-actor Aparna Sen". And appreciating screenplay he wrote, "The great strength of Sen’s screenplay is the realistic manner in which it depicts Naina and Aftab’s reactions to events that challenge firmly held beliefs and threaten their marriage." Kuipers opined about the film, “''The Rapist'' is a deeply affecting portrait of personal trauma and an intelligent examination of social and cultural factors fueling the horrifying prevalence of sexual violence in India." Criticizing visuals of the film, he said, "The only real imperfections to the film are visual, with some scenes being drained of most color for no immediately apparent reason."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/reviews/the-rapist-review-aparna-sen-1235085900/ |title='The Rapist' Review: This Hard-Hitting Social Drama is One of Aparna Sen's Finest Works |first=Richard |last=Kuipers |website=Variety |date=11 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020082326/https://variety.com/2021/film/reviews/the-rapist-review-aparna-sen-1235085900/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient/ Nominee
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|2021
|[[26th Busan International Film Festival]]
| [[26th Busan International Film Festival#A Window on Asian Cinema|Kim Jiseok award]]
| ''The Rapist''
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/the-rapist-film-busan-kim-jiseok-award/ |title=Aparna Sen's 'The Rapist' Nominated For Busan's Kim Jiseok Award |work=She The People |date=6 September 2021 |access-date=6 September 2021 |first=Charvi |last=Kathuria |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906101039/https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/the-rapist-film-busan-kim-jiseok-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/15/busan-film-fest-aparna-sen-the-rapist-wins-top-award.html |title=Konkona-starrer 'The Rapist' wins top award at Busan film fest |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=Onmanorama |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020041710/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/15/busan-film-fest-aparna-sen-the-rapist-wins-top-award.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2022
|rowspan=3|[[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Best film
| ''The Rapist''
| {{Nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iffm.com.au/nominee.html |title=IFFM Awards Nominations |website=The Indian Film Festival of Melbourne |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Best Performance (Female) Feature
| [[Konkona Sen Sharma]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best director
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/heres-the-complete-list-of-winners-for-iffm-awards-2022-11062251.html |title=Here's the complete list of winners for IFFM Awards 2022 |date=16 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |work=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816085913/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/heres-the-complete-list-of-winners-for-iffm-awards-2022-11062251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[International Film Festival of Kerala]]
|
|
| Special Screening
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt14412532}}

{{Aparna Sen}}
{{Kim Jiseok Award}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rapist, The}}
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 drama films]]
[[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aparna Sen]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]

Old Telugu

2026-02-27T16:00:56Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Short description|Ancient form of the Telugu language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Old Telugu
| region = [[Andhradesa]] (modern-day [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], [[India]])
| era = c.200 BCE - 1000 CE
| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = South Dravidian
| fam3 = South Dravidian II
| script = *[[Kadamba script]]
*[[Telugu-Kannada script]]
| iso1 =
| iso3 = none
| isoexception = historical
| glotto = oldt1249
| glottorefname = Old Telugu
| nativename = {{hlist|{{lang|te|తెనుఙ్గు}}|{{lang|te|తెనుఁగు}}}}
| ethnicity = [[Telugus]]
| ancestor = [[Proto-Dravidian language|Proto-Dravidian]]
| pronunciation = {{IPA|te|ˈt̪enuŋgu|}}, {{IPA|te|ˈt̪enũgu|}}
| image = తొలుచువాండ్రు.jpg
| imagecaption = An Old Telugu inscription found in [[Keesaragutta]], Telangana reading "tolucuvānḍru" (c. 5th century CE)
}}

'''Old Telugu''' ({{Langx|te|తెనుఙ్గు, తెనుఁగు|tenuṅgu, tenũgu|links=no|label=Old Telugu}}; {{Langx|te|పాత తెలుగు|pāta telugu|links=|label=}}) is the earliest attested stage of the [[Telugu language]].<ref>P. Ramasubramayam, "Old Telugu" in Sanford B. Steever, ed., ''The Dravidian Languages'' (London: Routledge, 2019) pp. 239-260.</ref> It is attested in various inscriptions, labels, and in early loanwords.

Old Telugu later evolved into Middle Telugu around 1000 CE, which then evolved into Modern Telugu around 1600 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Korada Mahadeva Sastri |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153565 |title=Historical Grammar Of Telugu |date=1969}}</ref>

==Etymology==

In Modern Telugu, the term used for Old Telugu is పాత తెలుగు {{Transliteration|te|pāta telugu|}}''.'' The first word, పాత ''{{Transliteration|te|pāta|}}'', meaning "old/ancient," is descended from Old Telugu ప్ఴాన్త {{Transliteration|te|pḻānta|}} / ప్రాఁత {{Transliteration|te|prā̃ta|}}, ultimately from the reconstructed [[Proto-Dravidian language|Proto-Dravidian]] word {{Transliteration|te|*paḻan-(tta)}}, of the same meaning. The word తెలుగు {{Transliteration|te|telugu|}} is descended from Old Telugu తెనుఙ్గు {{Transliteration|te|tenuṅgu|}} / తెనుఁగు {{Transliteration|te|tenũgu|}}.

The reconstructed Old Telugu term for the Old Telugu language is ప్ఴాన్దెనుఙ్గు {{Transliteration|te|pḻāndenuṅgu}} / ప్రాఁదెనుఁగు {{Transliteration|te|prā̃denũgu}}. This word was not attested in Old Telugu, but functions as a neologism commonly used for descriptive purposes. The word consisted of the adjectival prefix ప్ఴాన్- {{Transliteration|te|pḻān-}} ''/ ప్రాఁ {{Transliteration|te|prā̃-|}},'' and a [[sandhi]] form of the word తెనుఙ్గు {{Transliteration|te|tenuṅgu|}} / తెనుఁగు {{Transliteration|te|tenũgu|}}. The adjectival prefix is the same morpheme as ప్ఴాన్త {{Transliteration|te|pḻānta|}} / ప్రాఁత {{Transliteration|te|prā̃ta|}}, thus deriving from Proto-Dravidian ''{{Transliteration|te|*paḻan-}}''.

== Attestation ==
Some of the earliest attestations of Old Telugu can be found as the loan words in Prakrit inscriptions and literature dating to the early CE, including in [[Gaha Sattasai]] where several words like ''attā'', ''vāluṁki, pīluā, pōṭṭaṁ, vēṇṭa,'' etc. are said to be of Old Telugu origin. <ref>{{Citation |title=గాథా సప్తశతి |date=2024-06-04 |work=వికీపీడియా |url=https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF&oldid=4228883 |access-date=2026-02-14 |language=te}}</ref> A granite pillar in the [[Amaravati Stupa]] bears the Old Telugu word ''nāgabu'' dated variously between 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE. A label found in [[Keesaragutta]], reading ''tolacuvānḍru'' is dated to c. 400 CE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2022-01-10 |title=First Telugu inscription claim sparks debate |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/Jan/10/firsttelugu-inscription-claim-sparks-debate-2405135.html |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The earliest recorded long inscription was discovered in Kalamalla, dated to 575 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalamalla grant of Erikalmudurāju Dhanañjayunṟu - DHARMA |url=https://dharmalekha.info/texts/INSTelugu00007 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241211072228/https://dharmalekha.info/texts/INSTelugu00007 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=dharmalekha.info |language=en}}</ref> Several Old Telugu titles were found in the stone inscriptions issued by [[Pallava dynasty|Mahendra Pallava]] dated to c.600 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Arrow Sign in the Indus Script 3 {{!}} Harappa |url=https://www.harappa.com/arrow/3.html |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=www.harappa.com}}</ref> Addanki inscription, laid in 848 CE bears the earliest recorded Telugu poem in ''taruvōja'' prosody.<ref>{{Cite book |last=బూదరాజు రాధాకృష్ణ |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.493129 |title=ప్రాచీనాంధ్రశాసనాలు (క్రీ.శ. 1100వరకు) (పాఠ, పదకోశ, సంగ్రహభాషా చరిత్రలతో) |date=1971}}</ref> Pre-Nannaya era of Telugu literature, prior to c.1000 CE is believed to be dominated by Jain poets, including [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]], Jinavallabha, Malliya Rēcana and others, whose works have not survived to the present day. <ref>{{Cite web |last=rawan239 |date=2024-09-01 |title=Growth Of Telugu Language And Literature |url=https://andhrapradesh.pscnotes.com/appsc-group-1-mains/paper-i/andhra-pradesh-history/growth-of-telugu-language-and-literature/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Andhra Pradesh PCS Exam Notes |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Phonology==
In Old Telugu, the inherited Proto-Dravidian consonantal system was fairly well preserved except for incorporating the feature of voicing from the earliest known period. Other phonological innovations include:

* Old Telugu maintained a three-way distinction of coronal consonants which includes, alveolar, retroflex and dental stops. ḏ was originally derived from PDr post-nasal *-ṯ- and constrasted with intervocalic trill -ṟ-. In very few cases -ḏ- did appear intervocalically, eg. ''caḏu'' (> ''ceḍu'') vs. ''pāṟum'' but it was mostly an allophone of ''ṟ'' before ''n'', eg. ''mūnḏu''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/1844650 | title=Divergent developments of the alveolar stop *ṯ in Telugu | last1=Kolichala | first1=Suresh }}</ref>
* Voiceless stops appeared at medial positions, by the simplification of geminates after a long vowel and a nasal, eg. *''tōṇṭṭa'' > ''tōṇṭa (> tōṭa) ''<nowiki/>'garden'.
* Pre-plosive nasals are allophones in both Old and Modern Telugu; i.e., n before [[Dental consonant|dentals]], ṇ before [[Retroflex stop|retroflexes]], ṉ before [[Alveolar stop|alveolars]], ṅ before [[Velar consonant|velars]], ñ before [[Palatal consonant|palatals]] and m before [[Labial consonant|labials]].
* Aspirated consonants were borrowed from [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and were incorporated into the writing system, although colloquially the contrast of aspirated-unaspirated stops largely remained absent in most dialects and accents, even in Modern Telugu.
* Apical displacement was progressive for certain period of time, resulting in word-initial apical consonants in some words. This change was initiated in pre-historic times and is recorded historically, eg. *''awanḏu'' > ''wānḏu'' ('that man'/'he'); ''puḻōl''-> ''pḻōlu'' (> ''prōlu'') ('city')
* Voicing of word-initial stops was progressive in some words. Both voiced and voiceless word-initials were recorded in inscriptions and might vary dialectally, eg. ''tūṟu'' > ''dūṟu'' ('to enter'); ''kaḍacina'' > ''gaḍicina'' ('that which is passed')

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Old Telugu Consonants
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|[[Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] (మ)
|[[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] (న)
|
|[[Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]] (ణ)
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Plosive]]
![[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]
|[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] (ప)
|[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t̪]] (త)
|
|[[Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]] (ట)
|[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] (చ)
|[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] (క)
|
|-
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|[[Aspirated consonant|pʰ]] (ఫ)
|[[Dental consonant|t̪ʰ]] (థ)
|
|[[Aspirated consonant|ʈʰ]] (ఠ)
|[[Aspirated consonant|tʃʰ]] (ఛ)
|[[Aspirated consonant|kʰ]] (ఖ)
|
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
|[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] (బ)
|[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d̪]] (ద)
|[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] (ౚ, న్ఱ్)
|[[Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]] (డ)
|[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] (జ)
|[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] (గ)
|
|-
![[Breathy voice|Breathy]]
|[[Breathy voice|bʰ]] (భ)
|[[Dental consonant|d̪ʰ]] (ధ)
|
|[[Breathy voice|ɖʰ]] (ఢ)
|[[Breathy voice|dʒʰ]] (ఝ)
|[[Breathy voice|gʰ]] (ఘ)
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
|
|[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] (స)
|
|[[Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] (ష)
|[[Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] (శ)
|
|[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] (హ)
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
|
|[[Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]] (ర)
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|[[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] (ఱ)
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|[[Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] (వ)
|
|
|[[Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]] (ఴ)
|[[Palatal fricative|j]] (య)
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral approximant]]
|
|
|[[Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] (ల)
|[[Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]] (ళ)
|
|
|}

* ''nḏ'' has its reflex being voiced retroflex stop in Modern Telugu, <ṟṟ> was either pronounced [r:] (derived from /r/) or [t:] (from PD *ṯṯ), former became rr while latter became ṭṭ, eg. ''goṟiya > goṟṟe > gorre;'' ''puṟṟa'' ''>'' ''puṭṭa.''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.493129/page/388/mode/1up?view=theater&q=ant | title=ప్రాచీనాంధ్రశాసనాలు (క్రీ.శ. 1100వరకు) (పాఠ, పదకోశ, సంగ్రహభాషా చరిత్రలతో) | date=1971 }}</ref>
* ''ḻ'' became a plosive other than in clusters where it became ''r'' by Middle Telugu, ''*kuḻ-, *eḻu-paHtu'' > OTe. ''kḻocce, ḻebb(h)adi'' > MTe. ''krocce, ḍebb(h)adi'' > Te. ''kocce, ḍebb(h)ai''. Some of the initial retroflexes became dental, e.g. ''*uẓupp- > duppi''.
* Most pre-plosive nasals got deleted by nasalizing the previous vowel in Middle Telugu and later loosing nasalization in Modern Telugu, eg. ''teluṅgu'' > ''telũgu'' > ''telugu'' and other various cluster simplifications like ''krōlu'' > ''kōlu''.{{sfnp|Krishnamurti|2003}}
* Modern Telugu is mostly free from retroflex ḷ and ṇ. However, dialectally ḷ is preserved as a geminate in plurals (from PDr plural *-Vḷ) as in *''nīr-ḷ(u)'' > ''nīḷḷu'' ('waters') and regularly after retroflex ḍ and dental l, eg.: ''guḍi-ḷu'' > ''guḷḷu'' ('temples') and ''pagul-ḷu'' > ''paguḷḷu'' ('breakages').

== Grammar ==
=== Morphology ===
Old Telugu is an agglutinative language primarily utilizing suffixes to express grammatical relationships. Noun morphology included gender markers and various derivational processes, while verb morphology was highly developed with distinct markers for tense, mood, and aspect.

Old Telugu preserved the two-way ''masculine vs non-masculine'' gender pattern intact, which is said to be the original case with [[Proto-Dravidian language|Proto-Dravidian]] and this is also inherited by [[Telugu language|Modern Telugu]].

Telugu branch is evidenced to have inherited all the four distinct plural markers of Dravidian, which are: -''ḷ'', ''-(n)k,'' -''kVḷ'' and -''r''. By the time of early writings, -''kVḷ'' marker underwent back-stem formation with the root words, losing its status as a distinct plural marker, eg. ''mrā̃-kulu (< *maran-kVḷ),'' later getting analyzed as ''mrā̃ku-lu,'' creating a root ''mrā̃ku'' (> Modern ''māku''). Other examples include ''goḍugu'', ''ciluka'', ''eluka'', īga.

The noun formative was -''ambu'', later -''ammu >''- ''amu'' > -''am >'' -''aũ'', eg. OTe. ''paṭṭambu'' ('authority/power') > MTe./Te. ''paṭṭamu/paṭṭam'' > spoken Te. ''paṭṭaũ'' (coastal dialects).

Old Telugu and [[Proto-Dravidian language|Proto-Dravidian]] maintained contrast in nominative and oblique forms of masculine singulars; as in ''wāṉḏu'' (nom.) vs ''wāni''- (obl.), which is dialectally preserved in Modern Telugu.

=== Parts of speech ===
Nouns in Old Telugu could be primary or derived, with primary nouns often being free forms and derived nouns formed through suffixation. Gender was signaled by specific suffixes and the overall morphology was influenced by both native Dravidian elements and Indo-Aryan borrowings.

=== Verbs ===
Old Telugu verbs were categorized into finite and non-finite forms, with various suffixes indicating tense, mood, and agreement with subjects.

The language had two primary tense paradigms: past, non-past.

Past and non-past markers in Old Telugu were: -''iti''- (a combination of PDr past markers *-i- and *-tt-) and -''VdV''- (< PDr non-past *-t-) respectively. Pure past marker *-iy/*-i appeared in third person. These markers were followed by personal terminations, also varied by number.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Old Telugu Finite Verb Forms
! colspan="2" |an- : 'to say'
!Past
!Non-Past
|-
! rowspan="2" |1st person
!{{small|singular}}
| an-iti-n
|an-eda-n
an-udu-n
|-
! colspan="1" |{{small|plural}}
| an-iti-m
| an-eda-m
an-udu-m
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd person
! colspan="1" |{{small|singular}}
| an-iti-w
| an-eda-w
an-udu-w
|-
! colspan="1" |{{small|plural}}
|an-iti-r
| an-eda-r
an-udu-r
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd person
!{{small|sg/non-h.plu}}
|an-iy-en
|an-un
|-
!{{small|human plural}}
|an-i-r
|an-eda-r
an-udu-r
|}

* [[Epenthetic vowel|Epenthetic vowels]], ''-i'' or ''-u'' might be attached at the finals for all the verb forms listed above.

==== Causative Verbs ====
Old Telugu causative verb forms are listed as follows:{{sfn|Krishnamurti|2003|p=}}{{pn|date=February 2026}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
!kēy: 'to do'
!naḍu: 'to walk'
|-
! rowspan="2" |Past
!Participle
| kēy-i-ñc-i
|naḍa-pi-ñc-i
|-
! colspan="1" |Finite
| kēy-i-ñc-iyen
| naḍa-pi-ñc-iyen
|-
!
!Adjective
|kēy-i-ñc-ina
|naḍa-pi-ñc-ina
|-
! colspan="2" |Negative
| kēy-i-mp-a-
| naḍa-pi-mp-a
|-
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|kēy-i-mp-an
|naḍa-pi-mp-an
|-
! colspan="2" |Imperative
|kēy-i-mp-umu
|naḍa-pi-mp-umu
|-
! colspan="2" |Non-Past
|kēy-i-mp-
|naḍa-pi-mp-
|}
Imperatives were formed by the addition of stems ''-umu'' (''tin-umu'': 'eat') in singular/non-honorific and ''-uṇḍu'' (''tin-uṇḍu'': 'eat') in plural/honorific usages, which became ''-Ø'' and ''-aṇḍi'' in Modern Telugu.

=== Pronouns ===
The pronominal system in Old Telugu marked person, number, and gender. Reflexive pronouns and a range of demonstratives, interrogatives, and indefinites were also used.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Old Telugu Pronouns
! colspan="2" |
!Nominative
!Oblique
|-
! rowspan="2" |1st person
!{{small|singular}}
| ēn
nēn,
nān
|nā
nan-
|-
! colspan="1" |{{small|plural}}
| ēm
nēm,
mēm, manam (in.)
| mā (ex.)
mana (in.)
mam-
|-
! rowspan="2" |2nd person
! colspan="1" |{{small|singular}}
| īw,
nīw
| nī
nin-
|-
! colspan="1" |{{small|plural}}
|īr,
<nowiki>*</nowiki>nīr,
mīr
| mī
mim-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Reflexive
!singular
|tān
|tan-
|-
!plural
|tām,
tamar,
tār
|tam-
|}
* The third person is formed by personal & gender markers on demonstratives. eg.: ''*awanṯu > wāṉḏu (> wāḍu)'' : 'that man'; ''*iwanṯu > wīṉḏu (> wīḍu)'' : 'this man'; ''a-di'' : 'that thing' etc.

=== Declension ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Old Telugu Declension
|-
! Case !! maganḏu ('man'/'son') !! kēy(i) ('hand') !! koṭṭaṁbuḷ ('fortresses')
|-
| Accusative || maganin || kētin || koṭṭaṁbuḷan
|-
| Instrumental || maganicētan
maganitōḻan
| kētitōḻan || koṭṭaṁbuḷatōḻan
koṭṭaṁbuḷacētan
|-
| Dative || maganiki(n) || kētiki(n) || koṭṭaṁbuḷaku(n)
|-
| Ablative || magani-nuṇḍi
magani-nuñci
|| kēti-nuṇḍi
kēti-nuñci
| koṭṭaṁbuḷa-nuṇḍi
koṭṭaṁbuḷa-nuñci
|-
| Genitive || magani || kēti || koṭṭaṁbuḷa
|-
| Locative || maganiyandun
maganiyoḷan

maganiḷōn
|
kētiyandun kētiyoḷan

kētiḷōn
| koṭṭaṁbuḷandun
koṭṭaṁbuḷan
koṭṭaṁbuḷoḷan
koṭṭaṁbuḷaḷōn
|}

=== Syntax ===
The structure of Old Telugu sentences typically involved nominative-accusative alignment, with case markers indicating the grammatical roles of nouns. The language employed a variety of case forms and postpositions to express detailed semantic relations.

== Vocabulary ==

=== Native numerals ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:1.2;"
|+
! style="width:20%;" | English
! style="width:20%;" | Old Telugu
! style="width:20%;" | Modern Telugu
! style="width:40%; text-align:left;" | Notes
|-
|one
|ఒన్ఱు {{Transliteration|te|oṉḏu}} ఒక్కొన్ఱు {{Transliteration|te|okkoṉḏu}}
|ఒండు {{Transliteration|te|oṇḍu}}
ఒకటి {{Transliteration|te|okaṭi}}
|ఒండు {{Transliteration|te|oṇḍu}} is rarely used in modern spoken Telugu; its usage remains chiefly literary. However, it still appears in words like ''oṇṭi'', ''oṇṭari'' : 'single', 'lonely'. ఒకటి {{Transliteration|te|okaṭi}} is used in its place as a numeral, which is derived from ''okkoṇṭi'', the oblique form of {{Transliteration|te|okkoṇḍu}}.
|-
|two
|రెణ్డు {{Transliteration|te|reṇḍu}}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>రేణ్డు {{Transliteration|te|*rēṇḍu}}

<nowiki>*</nowiki>ఎరణ్డు *{{Transliteration|te|eraṇḍu}}
|రెండు {{Transliteration|te|reṇḍu}}
|[[Orthography|orthographical]] change
|-
|three
|మూన్ఱు {{Transliteration|te|mūṉḏu}}
|మూడు {{Transliteration|te|mūḍu}}
|ṉḏ → ḍ
|-
|four
|నాలుఙ్గు {{Transliteration|te|nāluṅgu}}
|నాలుగు {{Transliteration|te|nālugu}}
|N → ∅ / V_C
|-
|five
|ఏను {{Transliteration|te|ēnu}}
|ఏను {{Transliteration|te|ēnu}}
అయిదు {{Transliteration|te|ayidu}}

ఐదు {{Transliteration|te|aidu}}
|ఏను {{Transliteration|te|ēnu}} is rarely used in modern spoken Telugu; its usage remains chiefly literary. However, its occurrence is found intact in the numerals ''padih'''ēnu''''': 'fifteen' and ''yābʰay'' (< '''''ēn'''-pʰadi)'': 'fifty'. అయిదు {{Transliteration|te|ayidu}} and ఐదు {{Transliteration|te|aidu}} are used in its place. Both variants come from Proto-Dravidian ''*caymtu.''
|-
|six
|ఆఱు {{Transliteration|te|āṟu}}
|ఆరు {{Transliteration|te|āru}}
|ṟ → r
|-
|seven
|ఏఴు {{Transliteration|te|ēḻu}}
|ఏడు {{Transliteration|te|ēḍu}}
|ḻ → ḍ
|-
|eight
|ఎణిమిది {{Transliteration|te|eṇimidi}}
ఎణుమ్బొది {{Transliteration|te|eṇumbodi}}
|ఎనిమిది {{Transliteration|te|enimidi}}
|ṇ → n
|-
|nine
|తొన్బిది {{Transliteration|te|tonbidi}}
తొమ్బిది {{Transliteration|te|tombidi}}
|తొమ్మిది {{Transliteration|te|tommidi}}
|nb, mm → mm
|-
|ten
|పది {{Transliteration|te|padi}}
-భది {{Transliteration|te|-bʰadi}}

-ప్ఫది {{Transliteration|te|-ppʰadi}}

-వది {{Transliteration|te|-wadi}}
|పది {{Transliteration|te|padi}}
-భై {{Transliteration|te|-bʰay}}

-ప్ఫై {{Transliteration|te|-ppʰay}}

-వై {{Transliteration|te|-way}}
|పది {{Transliteration|te|padi}} is the cardinal number
The suffixes are the equivalent of English -ty (e.g. six'''ty''', seven'''ty'''), used for multiples of ten. The reconstructed Proto-Dravidian laryngeal *H (PDr *paHtu) has its reflex being an aspiration as -''bʰadi''/-''ppʰadi;'' d → ∅ / V_V

|-
|twelve
|పదిరెణ్డు {{Transliteration|te|padireṇḍu}}
పణ్ౚెణ్డు {{Transliteration|te|paṇḍṟeṇḍu}}

పన్రెణ్డు {{Transliteration|te|panreṇḍu}}
|పన్నెండు {{Transliteration|te|panneṇḍu}}
|nr → nn
|-
|sixty
|అఱవది {{Transliteration|te|aṟawadi}}
|అరవై {{Transliteration|te|araway}}
|ṟ → r, d → ∅ / V_V
|-
|one hundred
|నూఱు {{Transliteration|te|nūṟu}}
|నూరు {{Transliteration|te|nūru}}
వంద {{Transliteration|te|vanda}}
|నూరు {{Transliteration|te|nūru}} evolved as a result of the ṟ → r merge. వంద {{Transliteration|te|vanda}} (of unknown origin) is the standard term, and is used natively by the Telangana and Coastal Andhra dialects. However, in most of the dialects nūṟu still appears in the numbers above 100, with its oblique from: '''''nūṭa'''-iraway-enimidi'': 'one hundred and twenty-eight', etc.
|-
|one thousand
|వేయి {{Transliteration|te|wēyi}}
|వేయి {{Transliteration|te|wēyi}}
వెయ్యి {{Transliteration|te|weyyi}}
|Telugu is the only Dravidian language to have a native word for "thousand" (''wēyi''), while other literary languages borrowed [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] ''sahasra''.
|}

===Primary colours===
There are four primary colours in Old Telugu, with the root words being:

* వెళ్-/తెల్- {{Transliteration|te|weḷ-/teḷ-}} : 'white'
* కార్- ''{{Transliteration|te|kār-}}'' : 'black'
* కెమ్-/చెమ్- {{Transliteration|te|kem-/cem-}} : 'red'
* పచ్చ్-/పస్- {{Transliteration|te|pacc-/pas-}} : 'green' & 'yellow'.

Both Old Telugu and [[Proto-Dravidian language|Proto-Dravidian]] had absence of roots which distinguish green and yellow, a feature which still exists in modern spoken Telugu.

=== Toponymic Suffixes ===
The historical place-name suffixes of Telugu-speaking regions were as follows:

-''ūr, -pūṇḍi, -pāḻu, -pēṭa, -paṭṭanambu, -wāḍa,'' -''kal, -cheraḷa, -maraḷa, -sīma, -gūḍiyam, -guṭṭa, -paḷḷi, -pāḷiyam, -koṉḏa, -vīḍu, -valasa, -pāka, -puḻōl, -wāka, -ili, -kuṇṭa, -paṟṟu, -paṟiti, -villi, -kōna, -nāḍu, -gaḍḍa, -ēṟu, -kuduru, -baṇḍa, -peṇṭa, -varam, -purambu'' and ''-nagarambu''

==Sample Texts==

=== Kalamalla Inscription (575 CE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalamalla grant of Erikalmudurāju Dhanañjayunṟu - DHARMA |url=https://dharmalekha.info/texts/INSTelugu00007 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=dharmalekha.info}}</ref> ===
''svasti srī erikalmuturāju dhanuñjayuṉḏu rēnāṇḍu ēḷan ciṟuṁbūri rēvaṇakālu paṁ- pu cēnūru kāj(u) aḷikaḷa ūri- ...vāru uḷi-...''

===Indukur & Potladurthi inscriptions (600 CE) <ref>{{Cite book |last=బూదరాజు రాధాకృష్ణ |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.493129 |title=ప్రాచీనాంధ్రశాసనాలు (క్రీ.శ. 1100వరకు) (పాఠ, పదకోశ, సంగ్రహభాషా చరిత్రలతో) |date=1971}}</ref>===
''svasti srī cōḻa mahārājull ēḷan erigal dugarājul iccina pannasa kocciya pāṟa rēvasarmmārikīni ḻaccina wāṉḏu pañcamahāpataka samyuktuṉḏagu...''

''...oḷana inpuḻōli aṇapōtulu rēvaṇakālu puddaṇakālu iccina pannasa pen pāṟa iseṟēnikin dīni ḻaccina wāṉḏu pañcamahāpatakuṉḏagun asivairuvu likitam...''

===Addanki Inscription (848 CE) <ref>{{Cite book |last=బూదరాజు రాధాకృష్ణ |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.493129 |title=ప్రాచీనాంధ్రశాసనాలు (క్రీ.శ. 1100వరకు) (పాఠ, పదకోశ, సంగ్రహభాషా చరిత్రలతో) |date=1971}}</ref>===
''paṭṭambu gaṭṭina prathamambu nēṇḍu balagarvvaṁ boppaṅga bai lēci sēna paṭṭambu gaṭṭiñci prabhu baṇḍa raṅgu bañcina samatta paḍuvatō bōya koṭṭãbulvaṇḍreṇḍu goṇi vēṅgi nāḍin goḷalci (ya) tribhuvanāṅkuśa bāṇa nilpi kaṭṭepu durggaambu gaḍu bayalsēsi kaṇḍukūr bejavāḍa gāviñcemecci...''
===Bezawada inscription of Yuddhamalla (898 CE) <ref>{{Cite book |last=బూదరాజు రాధాకృష్ణ |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.493129 |title=ప్రాచీనాంధ్రశాసనాలు (క్రీ.శ. 1100వరకు) (పాఠ, పదకోశ, సంగ్రహభాషా చరిత్రలతో) |date=1971}}</ref>===
''...velayaṅga niyyeṭṭu ḻissi malinurai viḍisina vrōla gala tānapatulunu rājupaṭṭambu gaṭṭina patiyu naliyaṁ bayvūrala velvariñcina naśvamēdhambu phalambu pēkṣiñcina liṅgaṁ baḻisina pāpambu damaku...''

==See also==
*[[Telugu language]]
*[[Telugu literature]]
*[[Telugu-Kannada script]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Krishnamurti |first=B. |title=The Dravidian Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003 |isbn=0-521-77111-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Ramasubramayam | first=P. | year=2019 | chapter=Old Telugu | editor-last=Stever | editor-first=Sanford | title=The Dravidian Languages |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |pages=1–44 |isbn=978-1-138-85376-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Steever |first=Sanford |year=2019 |chapter=Introduction to the Dravidian languages |editor-last=Steever |editor-first=Sanford |title=The Dravidian Languages |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |pages=1–44 |isbn=978-1-138-85376-8}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Telugu language]]
[[Category:Medieval languages]]

Tingkhong

2026-02-27T10:01:24Z

NIULoyd091: added article...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tingkhong
| native_name = Ting-Khong
| native_name_lang = [[Ahom language]]
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Tingkhong.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Naharkatia Moran road through Tingkhong Tea Estate
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.23|N|95.17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 16.5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 116
| population_total = 236571
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 786612
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = (91)3754
| registration_plate = AS-06
| website =
| footnotes = An ancient place of [[Ahom kingdom|Tai-Ahom kingdom]], now a town of Dibrugarh
}}
'''Tingkhong''' is a town of [[Dibrugarh district]] of [[Assam]] state in northeast [[India]].<ref>[http://assamgovt.nic.in/districts/district.asp?disp=ac&distID=1 The Government of Assam official website]</ref> Administratively Tingkhong is located within Dibrugarh district and is today an important tea cultivation and oil exploration area of Assam. Tingkhong is approximately 80 km from Dibrugarh by road towards south-east and approximately 70 km from Tinsukia (locally pronounced as Tinicukeeya) towards south. The nearest airport is Dibrugarh located at a distance of approximately 70 km and nearest small railway station is at [[Naharkatia]] town. Urban areas close to Tingkhong are Naharkatiya - 20 km, Duliajan - 33 km, Sonari - 18 km, Moran - 37 km, etc. by roadways.

== History ==
[[File:Mong Mao-the detail map.svg|thumb|left|Tingkhong under [[Mong Mao]] (yellow) ruler [[Si Kefa]] in 1360 CE]]
It is said that [[Suhungmung]] (1497–1539) built the town of Tingkhong, settled a number of Ahom princes from [[Mongkawng]] (present-day [[Kachin state]] of [[Myanmar]]). Henceforth it became the residence of the [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings|Tungkhungia]] Ahom princes (1681 - 1838). [[Gadadhar Singha]] had famously built here the Rahdoi pukhuri here.

==Geography==
Tingkhong is located at {{coord|27.13|N|95.10|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 116 metres (381 feet).

==Transport==
The Naharkatia Railway station serves as the [[railhead]] which is 20 km apart. Buses play frequently to and from [[Naharkatia]], [[Moran Town|Moran]], [[Rajgarh, Assam|Rajgarh]], etc. And direct bus facility to district centre [[Dibrugarh]] .

==Economy==
Most of the people of Tingkhong are depend on farming of [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] and [[tea]]. There are numerous tea gardens in this constituency. Approximately every household have their own small tea gardens.

==Culture==
[[Bihu]] The major indigenous festival of Assam, during this season Bihu dance competition is held in Langharjan stadium. It is a week-long celebration for all the youngsters in the region.

==Education==
Primary & Secondary Schools:
There are several schools for primary education in the whole constituency. Out of them Tingkhong Model Academy and Tingkhong Jatia Vidyalaya are known by all.

Higher Education:
[[Tingkhong College]]<ref>[http://www.tingkhongcollege.edu.in Tingkhong College]</ref> is the only institution of Higher Education. It offers bachelor's degree in Arts.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The town is also [[Tingkhong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|a constituency]] in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S03/partycomp119.htm Election Commission of India, Party wise comparison]</ref>
*1978: Bhadeswar Gogoi, [[Janata Party]]
*1985: Atul Chandra Koch, Independent Candidate
*1991: Pritibi Majhi, [[Indian National Congress]]
*1996: Atuwa Munda, [[Indian National Congress]]
*2001: Atuwa Munda, [[Indian National Congress]]
*2006: Anup Phunkan, [[Asom Gana Parishad]]
*2011: Atuwa Munda, [[Indian National Congress]]
*2016: [[Bimal Bora|Bimal Borah]], [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
*2021: Bimal Borah, [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dibrugarh.nic.in/ The District of Dibrugarh]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061128184547/http://www.assamgovt.nic.in/ The government of Assam]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]
* [http://www.tingkhongcollege.edu.in/ Tingkhong College]
* [http://tingkhongmaaa.blogspot.in/ Tingkhong Model Academy]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Dibrugarh district]]

Vinayak Shukla

2026-02-20T18:08:05Z

NIULoyd091: added a page...

{{short description|Indian–born cricketer (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Vinayak Shukla
| image =
| caption =
| country = Oman
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|06|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nickname =
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = [[Batsman]], [[wicket-keeper]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2024-present

| odidebutdate = 10 February
| odidebutyear = 2025
| odidebutagainst = Namibia
| odicap = 38
| lastodidate = 27 May
| lastodiyear = 2025
| lastodiagainst = United States

| T20Idebutdate = 14 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = Qatar
| T20Icap = 41
| lastT20Idate = 30 September
| lastT20Iyear = 2025
| lastT20Iagainst = Kuwait

| columns = 2
| hidedeliveries = true
| column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 8
| runs1 = 144
| bat avg1 = 24.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 46
| catches/stumpings1 = 9/3

| column2 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches2 = 13
| runs2 = 288
| bat avg2 = 28.80
| 100s/50s2 = 0/2
| top score2 = 52[[not out|*]]
| catches/stumpings2 = 5/1

| date = 3 October 2025
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1457849.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Vinayak Shukla''' (born 18 June 1994) is an Indian-born [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[Oman national cricket team]] as a right-handed [[Wicket-keeper|wicket-keeper]]–batsman<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vinayak-shukla-1457849|title=Vinayak Shukla|work=Cricinfo|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> and currently serves as the [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]] of the team. He made his debut for the Omani national side at the [[2024 Men's Gulf T20I Championship]] tournament.

==Early life==
Shukla was born on 18 June 1994 in [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He picked up cricket in his childhood, and in the later years he got into [[Club cricket]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/meet-vinayak-shukla-kuldeep-yadavs-childhood-friend-from-kanpur-who-left-indian-cricket-in-2021-to-chase-oman-dream-11758283750186.html|title=Meet Vinayak Shukla - Kuldeep Yadav's childhood friend from Kanpur, who left Indian cricket in 2021 to chase Oman dream|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|access-date=3 October 2025|date=19 September 2025}}</ref> During his club career, he represented Private Sports Enterprises and played against [[Kuldeep Yadav]] regularly.<ref name="toi">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/from-kanpur-to-oman-vinayak-shukla-data-operator-idolises-guru-ms-dhoni-and-kuldeep-yadavs-childhood-friend/articleshow/123989849.cms|title=From Kanpur to Oman: Vinayak Shukla — Data operator, idolises 'guru' MS Dhoni, and Kuldeep Yadav’s childhood friend|work=[[Times Of India]]|access-date=3 October 2025|date=19 September 2025}}</ref>

Back in India, he was also part of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]' net sessions, where got guidance from the likes of [[Dinesh Karthik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/asia-cup-2025/oman-star-who-left-indian-cricket-in-2021-set-to-face-childhood-friend-kuldeep-yadav-9306396|title=Oman Star, Who Left Indian Cricket In 2021, Set To Face Childhood Friend Kuldeep Yadav|work=[[NDTV Sports]]|access-date=3 October 2025|date=19 September 2025}}</ref>

==International career==
Shukla moved to Oman in 2021 in search of better opportunities, following suggestions from one of his coaches. He then took up a Data operator job at National Metal Cans in [[Seeb]] to support his daily expenses.<ref name="toi"/>

In December 2024, he was named in Oman's squad for the [[2024 Men's Gulf T20I Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/152869-oman-set-to-defend-gulf-cup-t20-title-in-dubai |title=Oman set to defend Gulf Cup T20 title in Dubai |work=[[Times of Oman]] |access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) debut in the team's first match against [[Qatar national cricket team|Qatar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/gulf-t20i-championship-2024-25-1463650/oman-vs-qatar-4th-match-1463655/full-scorecard|title=Oman vs Qatar, 4th Match at Dubai, Gulf T20I Championship|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=3 October 2025}}</ref> He ended up being third-highest run scorer for Oman in the tournament, scoring 134 runs in 5 matches including a half-century in their last match.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/gulf-t20i-championship-2024-25-16890|title=Most runs in Gulf T20I Championship, 2024/25|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=3 October 2025}}</ref>

He made his [[One Day International]] (ODI) debut for Oman in February 2025 against [[Namibia national cricket team|Namibia]] during the ninth round of the [[2024–2026 Cricket World Cup League 2]].<ref>{{cite tweet |user=TheOmanCricket |number=1886747398216540180 |title=🚨 Announcement 🚨 |date=4 February 2025}}</ref> In the match, he excelled with his wicket-keeping skills as he took three catches behind the wicket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-cricket-world-cup-league-2-2023-24-2027-1420525/oman-vs-namibia-50th-match-1468880/full-scorecard|title=Oman vs Namibia, 50th Match at Al Amarat, WCL 2, Feb 10 2025 - Full Scorecard|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=3 October 2025}}</ref>

In September 2025, Shukla was named in Oman's squad for their debut appearance at the [[2025 Asia Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muscatdaily.com/2025/08/25/oman-cricket-team-ready-to-make-an-impact-in-asia-cup/ |title=Oman ready to make an impact in Asia Cup |work=[[Muscat Daily]] |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, he was named as the team's vice-captain for the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026/news/oman-name-squad-for-icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2026 |title=Oman name squad for ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026 |work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]] |date=30 December 2025 |access-date=30 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/1457849.html}}

{{Oman Squad 2026 Men's T20 World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Vinayak}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Oman One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Oman Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Oman]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]

India women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 2005–06

2026-02-17T13:42:26Z

NIULoyd091: Made

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[India women's national cricket team|Indian women's cricket team]] toured [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] in month February–March 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/218262.html|title=Tour home|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The tour included one [[Women's Test cricket|Women's Test match]] against Australia, series of 3 [[Women's One Day Internationals]] against Australia and series of 5 Women's One Day Internationals against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/4/India_Women_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand_2005-06.html|title=fixtures|website=cricketarchive}}</ref> India lost the Test match by an innings, and the ODI series by 3–0 against Australia and 4–1 against New Zealand.

== Squads ==
{| class="wikitable"
!{{Crw|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/235873.html|title=Rolton named as Australian women's captain}}</ref>
!{{Crw|IND}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/236558.html|title=India's women set out for Australia}}</ref>
!{{Crw|NZL}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/story/239381.html|title=Tiffen confident ahead of ODI series}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karen Rolton]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
[[Lisa Sthalekar]] ([[Captain (cricket)|v/c]])

[[Sarah Andrews (cricketer)|Sarah Andrews]]

[[Alex Blackwell]]

[[Kate Blackwell (cricketer)|Kate Blackwell]]

[[Melissa Bulow]]

[[Cathryn Fitzpatrick]]

[[Michelle Goszko]]

[[Julie Hayes]]

[[Shelley Nitschke]]

[[Kirsten Pike]]

[[Jodie Purves]](w/k)

[[Clea Smith]]
|[[Mithali Raj]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
[[Nooshin Al Khadeer]]

[[Anjum Chopra]]

[[Neetu David]]

[[Rumeli Dhar]]

[[Jhulan Goswami]]

[[Karuna Jain]]

[[Reema Malhotra]]

[[Sulakshana Naik]]

[[Devika Palshiker]]

[[Sunetra Paranjpe]]

[[Amita Sharma]]

[[Jaya Sharma]]

[[Monica Sumra]]
|[[Haidee Tiffen]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
[[Suzie Bates]]

[[Nicola Browne]]

[[Sarah Burke]]

[[Anna Dodd]]

[[Emily Drumm]]

[[Maria Fahey]]

[[Sara McGlashan]]

[[Aimee Mason]]

[[Louise Milliken]]

[[Rebecca Rolls]]

[[Sarah Tsukigawa]]

[[Helen Watson (cricketer)|Helen Watson]]
|}

== Only Test ==
{{Test match
| date = 18 February 2006
| team1 = {{crw-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 250 (102.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Lisa Sthalekar]] 72 (180)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 4/43 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 93 (64.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Karu Jain]] 21 (47)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Cathryn Fitzpatrick]] 3/24 (15 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 153 (107.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rumeli Dhar]] 38 (143)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Lisa Sthalekar]] 5/30 (20.5 overs)

| result = Australia Women won by an innings and 4 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/237654.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]]
| motm = [[Lisa Sthalekar]] (Aus)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Jodie Fields]], [[Melissa Bulow]] and [[Sarah Andrews (cricketer)|Sarah Andrews]] (Australia Women); [[Devika Palshikar]] (India Women) made Test debut
}}

== Australia - India WODI series ==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 February 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|AUS}}
| score1 = 89 (42.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Amita Sharma]] 24 (54)
| wickets1 = [[Cathryn Fitzpatrick]] 5/29 (8.3 overs)
| score2 = 90/4 (31 overs)
| runs2 = [[Karen Rolton]] 47 (72)
| wickets2 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 3/6 (9 overs)
| result = Australia won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238640.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[St Peter's College, Adelaide|St Peters College]], [[Adelaide]]
| umpires = Andy Collins (Aus) and [[Simon Fry]] (Aus)
| motm =
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Jodie Fields]] (Aus) made her ODI debut.
}}
===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 February 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 173 (49 overs)
| runs1 = [[Michelle Goszko]] 47 (74)
| wickets1 = [[Nooshin Al Khadeer]] 4/41 (10 overs)
| score2 = 161 (47.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 66 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Karen Rolton]] 4/29 (8.5 overs)
| result = Australia won by 12 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238742.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[St Peter's College, Adelaide|St Peters College]], [[Adelaide]]
| umpires = Andy Collins (Aus) and Andrew Willoughby (Aus)
| motm =
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sarah Andrews (cricketer)|Sarah Andrews]] (Aus) made her ODI debut.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 28 February 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|AUS}}
| score1 = 128/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Reema Malhotra]] 27(62)[[Not out|*]]
| wickets1 = [[Karen Rolton]] 2/6 (6 overs)
| score2 = 129/1 (34.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Alex Blackwell]] 63 (118)[[Not out|*]]
| wickets2 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 1/19 (7 overs)
| result = Australia won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238921.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Woodville Oval]], [[Adelaide]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and Andrew Willoughby (Aus)
| motm =
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

== India - New Zealand WODI series ==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|NZ}}
| score1 = 117/8 (34 overs)
| runs1 = [[Amita Sharma]] 25 (26)
| wickets1 = [[Aimee Watkins]] 4/23 (6 overs)
| score2 = 118/3 (22.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rebecca Rolls]] 45 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Neetu David]] 2/24 (7 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/218262.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bert Sutcliffe Oval]], [[Lincoln, New Zealand|Lincoln]]
| umpires = Gary Baxter (NZ) and Robert Anderson (NZ)
| motm =
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Match has been reduced to 34 overs due to rain.
| notes = [[Suzie Bates]] (NZ) made her ODI debut.
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|NZ}}
| score1 = 157/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jaya Sharma]] 30 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Anna Dodd]] 2/19 (10 overs)
| score2 = 158/5 (28.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Haidee Tiffen]] 66 (61)
| wickets2 = [[Devika Palshikar]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/239687.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bert Sutcliffe Oval]], [[Lincoln, New Zealand|Lincoln]]
| umpires = Gary Baxter (NZ) and Tony Hill (NZ)
| motm =
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sarah Tsukigawa]] (NZ) made her ODI debut.
}}
===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 March 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 184/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Emily Drumm]] 94 (147)[[Not out|*]]
| wickets1 = [[Rumeli Dhar]] 3/33 (10 overs)
| score2 = 185/7 (48.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 60 (77)
| wickets2 = [[Nicola Browne]] 2/32 (9 overs)
| result = India won by 3 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/240029.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bert Sutcliffe Oval]], [[Lincoln, New Zealand|Lincoln]]
| umpires = Evan Watkin (NZ) and Tony Hill (NZ)
| motm =
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
===4th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 March 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 272/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Emily Drumm]] 83 (97)
| wickets1 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 3/49 (10 overs)
| score2 = 175 (48.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 43 (59)
| wickets2 = [[Sarah Tsukigawa]] 2/24 (10 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 97 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/240318.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bert Sutcliffe Oval]], [[Lincoln, New Zealand|Lincoln]]
| umpires = Evan Watkin (NZ) and Tony Hill (NZ)
| motm =
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===5th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 March 2006
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 272/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Haidee Tiffen]] 79 (97)
| wickets1 = [[Neetu David]] 3/44 (10 overs)
| score2 = 62 (28.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Karuna Jain]] 19 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Sarah Burke]] 3/17 (10 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 210 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/240523.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bert Sutcliffe Oval]], [[Lincoln, New Zealand|Lincoln]]
| umpires = Evan Watkin (NZ) and Tony Hill (NZ)
| motm =
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International cricket in 2005–06}}
{{Australia women's national cricket team}}
{{India women's national cricket team}}
{{New Zealand women's national cricket team}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 2005-06}}
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of Australia|India 2006]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of New Zealand|India 2006]]
[[Category:India women's national cricket team tours|Australia 2006]]
[[Category:February 2006 sports events in New Zealand]]
[[Category:2006 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:2005–06 Australian women's cricket season]]
[[Category:2006 in New Zealand women's sport|cricket]]
[[Category:2006 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:February 2006 sports events in Australia]]

{{Australia-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{NewZealand-cricket-tour-stub}}

Subhash Chandra Agrawal

2026-02-12T02:54:23Z

NIULoyd091: added a data...

{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Subhash Chandra Agrawal
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1950|01|10}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| other_names =
| occupation = businessman, RTI activist
| known_for =
| education = [[Delhi Technological University]] 
[[Faculty of Management Studies – University of Delhi]]
| organization=
| spouse(s) = Madhu
| children =
| parents = {{Unbulleted list|Om Prakash Agrawal|Padmawati}}
| awards = [[National RTI Award]]
}}

'''Subhash Chandra Agrawal''' (born 10 January 1950) is an Indian businessman and [[right to information]] activist. He holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for having written the most published letters to newspaper editors.

==Early life and education==
Subhash Chandra Agrawal was born on 10 January 1950 in [[Delhi]] to Om Prakash Agrawal and Padmawati. He finished his schooling from [[Anglo Sanskrit Victoria Jubilee Senior Secondary School]], [[Daryaganj]]. He attended [[Delhi College of Engineering]] (now Delhi Technological University) where he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science]] ([[mechanical engineering]]). He earned his [[post-graduate diploma]] in [[Marketing management|marketing]] and [[sales management]] from [[Faculty of Management Studies (Delhi)|Faculty of Management Studies]], [[University of Delhi]].<ref name="GulfNews2011">{{cite news | url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/harnessing-the-power-of-information-1.771625 | title=Harnessing the power of information | work=[[Gulf News]] | date=5 March 2011 | accessdate=9 September 2013 | author=Pathak, Nilima | location=[[Dubai]]}}</ref> He wanted to join the [[Indian Administrative Services]] (IAS), but his uncle "forced [him] to join the family business, [and] crushed [his] dreams of becoming an IAS officer".<ref name="Hindu2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hard-at-work-the-very-special-correspondent/article3501951.ece | title=Hard at work, the very special correspondent | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=8 June 2012 | accessdate=14 September 2013 | author=Sethi, Aman}}</ref>

==Letters and right to information==
Agrawal wrote his first letter to the editor of the [[Hindi]] newspaper ''Dainik Hindustan'' about a bus conductor of [[Delhi Transport Corporation]] who did not issue tickets but asked passengers to pay for them. He then raised concerns about the irregular timings of the [[Taj Express]] with the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]].<ref name="Hindu2012" /> He had written 3,699 such published letters as of 31 January 2006, which is a ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' entry "for the most published letters written to newspaper editors over an individual's lifetime".<ref name="Guinness World Records">{{cite web | url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/most-published-letters-to-newspaper-editors-multiple-papers-(lifetime)/ | title=Explore Records – Most published letters to newspaper editors | publisher=[[Guinness World Records]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927023745/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/most-published-letters-to-newspaper-editors-multiple-papers-(lifetime)|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He has utilised the [[Right to Information Act]] (RTI Act) as a tool to combat corruption in India. The [[Central Information Commissioner]] brought the office of [[Chief Justice of India]] under the purview of the RTI Act after Agrawal's application. This decision was subsequently upheld by the [[High Court of Delhi in 2010]] and the Supreme Court of India in 2019.<ref name="TOI2010">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-12/india/28149838_1_rti-act-asset-declaration-chief-justice | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130922162609/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-12/india/28149838_1_rti-act-asset-declaration-chief-justice | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 September 2013 | title=Lawyers welcome Delhi HC's decision on CJI office | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 June 2010 | agency=[[Press Trust of India]] | accessdate=14 September 2013 | location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref>

===Controversy===
Agrawal has been criticised for overuse of RTI instead of pressuring authorities into putting information on their websites without resorting to CIC. But other activists feel that Agrawal’s impact outweighs the criticism he attracts.<ref name="LM-20120615">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZJDkEtFMoT4Ix03rzvPfQP/Subhash-Agrawal-RTI-crusader.html|title=Subhash Agrawal: RTI crusader|first=Cordelia|last=Jenkins|date=2012-06-15|work=Live Mint|accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Agarwal is married to Madhu Agarwal, a social worker who herself holds the Guinness World Record for having written the most published letters (447) in newspapers in a calendar year (2004).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.subhashmadhu.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=5 | title=Madhu Agarwal | publisher=Subhashmadhu.com | access-date=14 September 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714012602/http://www.subhashmadhu.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=5 | archive-date=14 July 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> His wife and nephew help him by sharing their ideas.<ref name="TOI2002">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-08/india/27314817_1_personal-letters-handwritten-letters-newspapers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926224700/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-08/india/27314817_1_personal-letters-handwritten-letters-newspapers | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 September 2013 | title=Guinness record for writing letters to editor | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 December 2002 | agency=[[Press Trust of India]] | accessdate=14 September 2013 | location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> Subhash Agrawal reads six newspapers daily and watches news on television, but not cricket.<ref name="Hindu2012" /> He lives in [[Dariba Kalan|Dariba]], [[Chandni Chowk]], Delhi.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.subhashmadhu.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=4 | title=Subhash Agrawal | publisher=Subhashmadhu.com | access-date=14 September 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714012557/http://www.subhashmadhu.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=4 | archive-date=14 July 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agrawal, Subhash Chandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:Faculty of Management Studies – University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Right to Information activists]]
[[Category:Indian freedom of information activists]]
[[Category:Delhi Technological University alumni]]

Shagun Ajmani

2026-02-11T07:16:07Z

NIULoyd091: added a page...

{{short description|Indian television actress and model}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=June 2025}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shagun Ajmani
| image =
| birth_name = Garima Ajmani
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|12|08}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| yearsactive = 2006 - Present
| height_m = 1.61
}}
'''Garima Ajmani''', now called '''Shagun Ajmani''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's in a name |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/itsy-bitsy/what-s-in-a-name-151201/ |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian television actress and model. She made her television debut on [[Sahara One]]'s show [[Zaara (TV series)]] where she played the role of Shirin. She is best known for playing Shabnam, a negative role on the hit series [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)]]. Ajmani reportedly left the series over concerns about her character's future direction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-23 |title=Strange! Actress quits after her character turns positive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/strange-actress-quits-after-her-character-turns-positive/articleshow/51941329.cms |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is also known for her role of Koki in fir.

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Serial !! Character !! Network
|-
|2006–2008
|[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]
|Constable Kokila "Koki" Shah
|[[Sab TV]]
|-
| 2006–2008 || [[Zaara (TV series)|Zaara]] || Shirin || [[Sahara One]]
|-
| 2009–2011 || [[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]] || Moti Bai || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2010–2011 || [[Apno Ke Liye Geeta Ka Dharmayudh]] || Kamya Yadav || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2015–2017 || [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]] || Shabnam Patel/Kareena Patel || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2017 || [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]] || Tanya || [[Colors TV]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajmani, Shagun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:1991 births]]

List of things named after Atal Bihari Vajpayee

2026-02-07T19:41:56Z

NIULoyd091: done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Atal Bihari Vajpayee series}}
'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' was an Indian statesman and poet who served as the tenth [[Prime Minister of India]], first in 1996 and again from 1998 to 2004. Places and institutions named after him include:

==Localities==
* [[Atal Nagar]]
* [[Atal Park]]

==Stadiums==
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Stadium]]
* [[Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium]]

==Educational Institutions==
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Institute of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Hindi Vishwavidyalaya]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya]]
* [[Atal Medical and Research University]]

==Parks==
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Regional Park]]

==Organisms==
* [[Dendrobium]] Atal Bihari Vajpayee (an [[orchid]] [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] in [[Sikkim]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Flora for Atal, fauna for Sonia|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/flora-for-atal-fauna-for-sonia/cid/965253|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=14 April 2003|access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref>

==Others==
* [[Atal Bhujal Yojana]]
* [[Atal I]]
* [[Atal II]]
* [[Atal Innovation Mission]]
* [[Atal Indore City Transport Service Limited]]
* [[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation]]
* [[Atal Pedestrian Bridge]]
* [[Atal Pension Yojana]]
* [[Atal Setu, Goa]]
* [[Atal Setu, Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link|Atal Setu, Maharashtra]]
* [[Atal Tunnel]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[Vajpayee Arogyasri Yojana]]

==See also==
* [[List of things named after prime ministers of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
[[Category:Lists of things named after Indian politicians|V]]

2020 Australia women's Tri-Nation Series

2026-02-04T23:19:05Z

NIULoyd091: fixed details for clarity

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series= 2020 Australia women's Tri-Nation Series
|date= 31 January–12 February 2020
|place= Australia
|result= {{crw|Australia}} won the series
|player of series= {{crwicon|AUS}} [[Beth Mooney]]
|team1= {{crw|AUS}}
|team2= {{crw|ENG}}
|team3= {{crw|IND}}
|captain1= [[Meg Lanning]]<ref name="ML" group="n">[[Rachael Haynes]] captained Australia in the third WT20I.</ref>
|captain2= [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]]
|captain3= [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
|runs1= [[Beth Mooney]] (208)
|runs2= [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] (176)
|runs3= [[Smriti Mandhana]] (216)
|wickets1= [[Tayla Vlaeminck]] (7) [[Jess Jonassen]] (7) [[Ellyse Perry]] (7)
|wickets2= [[Sarah Glenn]] (5) [[Sophie Ecclestone]] (5) [[Nat Sciver]] (5) [[Katherine Brunt]] (5)
|wickets3= [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] (10)
}}
The '''2020 Australia women's Tri-Nation Series''' was a [[cricket]] tournament that took place in Australia in January and February 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26687427/big-bash-take-australia-day-national-team |title=Big Bash to take over Australia Day from national team |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1211958 |title=Australia to host Sri Lanka, Pakistan and New Zealand in momentous home summer |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> It was a tri-nation series between [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australia women]], [[England women's cricket team|England women]] and the [[India women's national cricket team|India women]] cricket teams, with the matches played as [[Women's Twenty20 International]] (WT20I) fixtures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-2019-20-fixtures-venues-dates-tickets-schedule-t20-odi-pakistan-new-zealand-sri-lanka/2019-05-07 |title=CA announce 2019-20 summer schedule |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/cricket-australias-201920-cricket-schedule-unveiled/news-story/37ec5b52c37ac567106a999e5303a7f4 |title=Cricket Australia's 2019-20 cricket schedule unveiled |work=Fox Sports |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> All three teams used the series as their final warm-up ahead of the [[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28567751/australia-t20-world-cup-squad-set-important-sydney-scouting-mission |title=Australia's T20 World Cup squad set for important Sydney scouting mission |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref>

Ahead of the fifth match of the series, the Australian team were presented with the ICC Women's Championship trophy, after winning the [[2017–20 ICC Women's Championship]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1604869 |title=Australia presented with ICC Women's Championship trophy |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> In the sixth match, Australia beat England by 16 runs, to advance to the final along with India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19235/report/1183548/australia-women-vs-england-women-6th-match-australia-tri-nation-womens-t20-series-2019-20 |title=Sophie Molineux, Beth Mooney take Australia into tri-series final |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref> In the final, Australia beat India by 11 runs to win the series,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19235/report/1183549/australia-women-vs-india-women-final-aus-womens-t20-tri-series |title=Beth Mooney 71*, Jess Jonassen 5-12 hand Australia tri-series title |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> with [[Jess Jonassen]] taking her first [[List of five-wicket hauls in women's Twenty20 International cricket|five-wicket haul in a WT20I match]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-india-t20-tri-series-final-live-stream-scores-video-highlights-melbourne/2020-02-12 |title=Aussies turn it on to clinch T20 tri-series |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; margin:auto"
|-
! {{crw|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28491572/sophie-molineux-annabel-sutherland-named-australia-t20-world-cup-squad |title=Sophie Molineux and Annabel Sutherland named in Australia's T20 World Cup squad |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>
! {{crw|ENG}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/women/news/1573896/england-women-announce-t20-world-cup-squad-and-summer-fixtures |title=England Women announce T20 World Cup squad and summer fixtures |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
! {{crw|IND}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/womens-t20-world-cup-2020/8677-india-squad-for-womens-t20-world-cup-2020-announced.html |title=India Squad for Women's T20 World Cup 2020 Announced |work=Female Cricket |date=12 January 2020 |access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Meg Lanning]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Rachael Haynes]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Erin Burns]]
* [[Nicola Carey]]
* [[Ashleigh Gardner]]
* [[Alyssa Healy]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Jess Jonassen]]
* [[Delissa Kimmince]]
* [[Sophie Molineux]]
* [[Beth Mooney]]
* [[Ellyse Perry]]
* [[Megan Schutt]]
* [[Annabel Sutherland]]
* [[Tayla Vlaeminck]]
* [[Georgia Wareham]]
|
* [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Tammy Beaumont]]
* [[Katherine Brunt]]
* [[Kate Cross]]
* [[Freya Davies]]
* [[Sophie Ecclestone]]
* [[Georgia Elwiss]]
* [[Sarah Glenn]]
* [[Amy Jones (cricketer)|Amy Jones]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Nat Sciver]]
* [[Anya Shrubsole]]
* [[Lauren Winfield-Hill|Lauren Winfield]]
* [[Fran Wilson]]
* [[Danni Wyatt]]
* [[Mady Villiers]]
|
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Smriti Mandhana]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Taniya Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harleen Deol]]
* [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]
* [[Richa Ghosh]]
* [[Veda Krishnamurthy]]
* [[Shikha Pandey]]
* [[Nuzhat Parween]]
* [[Arundhati Reddy]]
* [[Jemimah Rodrigues]]
* [[Deepti Sharma]]
* [[Pooja Vastrakar]]
* [[Shafali Verma]]
* [[Poonam Yadav]]
* [[Radha Yadav]]
|}

==Points table==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|source=ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/19235/season/2020/australia-tri-nation-womens-t20-series|title=Australia Tri-Nation Women's T20 Series Table – 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>
|show_tie=no

|team1=AUS |team2=IND |team3=ENG
|result1=Q |result2=Q

|win_AUS=2 |loss_AUS=2 |tie_AUS=0 |nr_AUS=0 |rs_AUS=565 |or_AUS=78.5 |rc_AUS=552 |ob_AUS=79.4
|win_ENG=2 |loss_ENG=2 |tie_ENG=0 |nr_ENG=0 |rs_ENG=543 |or_ENG=78.5 |rc_ENG=561 |ob_ENG=79.3
|win_IND=2 |loss_IND=2 |tie_IND=0 |nr_IND=0 |rs_IND=553 |or_IND=79.1 |rc_IND=548 |ob_IND=77.4

|name_AUS={{crw|AUS}}
|name_ENG={{crw|ENG}}
|name_IND={{crw|IND}}
|status_AUS=H

|col_Q=green1
}}</onlyinclude>

==WT20I series==
===1st WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 31 January 2020
| time = 14:10
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 147/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] 67 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| score2 = 150/5 (19.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 42[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets2 = [[Katherine Brunt]] 2/33 (3.3 overs)
| result = India Women won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183543.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Manuka Oval]], [[Canberra]]
| umpires = [[Donovan Koch]] (Aus) and [[Claire Polosak]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] (Eng)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2nd WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 February 2020
| time = 14:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{crw|AUS}}
| score1 = 156/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] 78 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Ellyse Perry]] 1/9 (4 overs)
| score2 = 156/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Beth Mooney]] 65 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Nat Sciver]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| result = Match tied (England won the [[Super Over]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183544.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Manuka Oval]], [[Canberra]]
| umpires = [[Donovan Koch]] (Aus) and [[Tony Wilds (umpire)|Tony Wilds]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] (Eng)
| toss = Australia Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Annabel Sutherland]] (Aus) made her WT20I debut.
}}

===3rd WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 February 2020
| time = 14:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|AUS}}
| score1 = 103/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 35 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Ellyse Perry]] 4/13 (4 overs)
| score2 = 104/6 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ellyse Perry]] 49 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| result = Australia Women won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183545.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Manuka Oval]], [[Canberra]]
| umpires = [[Claire Polosak]] (Aus) and [[Tony Wilds (umpire)|Tony Wilds]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ellyse Perry]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===4th WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 February 2020
| time = 14:10
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 123/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 45 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Anya Shrubsole]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| score2 = 124/6 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nat Sciver]] 50 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| result = England Women won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183546.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Junction Oval]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = [[Claire Polosak]] (Aus) and [[Tony Wilds (umpire)|Tony Wilds]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Anya Shrubsole]] (Eng)
| toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===5th WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 February 2020
| time = 12:10
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 173/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ashleigh Gardner]] 93 (57)
| wickets1 = [[Deepti Sharma]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| score2 = 177/3 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 55 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Megan Schutt]] 1/26 (4 overs)
| result = India Women won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183547.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Junction Oval]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = [[Donovan Koch]] (Aus) and [[Tony Wilds (umpire)|Tony Wilds]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ashleigh Gardner]] (Aus)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was India Women's highest successful run chase in WT20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19235/report/1183547/australia-women-vs-india-women-5th-match-australia-tri-nation-womens-t20-series-2019-20 |title=Shafali Verma's stunning 49 off 28 outshines Ashleigh Gardner's 93 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

===6th WT20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 February 2020
| time = 11:40
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 132/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Beth Mooney]] 50 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Sarah Glenn]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| score2 = 116/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Katherine Brunt]] 23[[not out|*]] (19)
| wickets2 = [[Sophie Molineux]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| result = Australia Women won by 16 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183548.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Junction Oval]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = [[Donovan Koch]] (Aus) and [[Claire Polosak]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Sophie Molineux]] (Aus)
| toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 February 2020
| time = 13:40
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 155/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Beth Mooney]] 71[[not out|*]] (54)
| wickets1 = [[Deepti Sharma]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 144 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 66 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Jess Jonassen]] 5/12 (4 overs)
| result = Australia Women won by 11 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1183549.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Junction Oval]], [[Melbourne]]
| umpires = [[Donovan Koch]] (Aus) and [[Tony Wilds (umpire)|Tony Wilds]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Jess Jonassen]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Richa Ghosh]] (Ind) made her WT20I debut.
* [[Jess Jonassen]] (Aus) took her first [[List of five-wicket hauls in women's Twenty20 International cricket|five-wicket haul in WT20Is]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1607952 |title=Jonassen five-for propels Australia to tri-series final victory |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/1183540.html Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket in 2019–20}}
{{Australia women's national cricket team}}
{{England women's cricket team}}
{{India women's national cricket team}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tri-Nation Series}}
[[Category:2020 in English women's cricket]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian women's sport|cricket]]
[[Category:2019–20 Australian women's cricket season]]
[[Category:2020 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2019–20]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket competitions in Australia]]
[[Category:Women's Twenty20 cricket international competitions]]
[[Category:January 2020 sports events in Australia]]
[[Category:February 2020 sports events in Australia]]

Mukul Chadda

2026-01-22T19:49:10Z

NIULoyd091: put up

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Mukul Chadda
|image= Mukul Chadda.png
|birth_place= [[Madras]], Tamil Nadu, India
|alma_mater= [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]]
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=2012–present
|spouse= {{marriage|[[Rasika Dugal]]|2010}}
|other_names= Mukul Chadha
|known_for = {{ubl| ''[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office]]''| ''[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]''}}
}}

'''Mukul Chadda''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/empathy-and-delusion-are-much-required-for-an-actor-mukul-chadda-682425|title=Empathy and delusion are much required for an actor says Mukul Chadda|website=The Hans India|author=Askari Jaffer|date=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/exclusive-fortunate-to-get-diverse-roles-mukul-chadda-on-simultaneous-release-of-sherni-sunflower-712583|title=Fortune to get diverse roles says Mukul Chadda|website=India TV News|date=17 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunflower-and-sherni-actor-mukul-chadda-i-want-people-to-notice-my-performance-7348029/lite/|title=Mukul Chadda: I want people to notice my performance|website=Indian Express|author=Kriti Sonali|date=11 June 2021|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Mukul was born in [[Madras]] (now Chennai), in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He completed a bachelor's in Mathematics at the prestigious [[St Stephen's College, Delhi]] and is an MBA graduate from [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} It was after working in a bank in New York City that he decided to take his passion for acting forward.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-iim-a-mba-who-became-an-actor/20210701.htm|title=The IIM A MBA who became an actor|website=Rediff|author=Patcy N}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mukul has been married to actress [[Rasika Dugal]] since 2010 after dating for 3 years.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rasika-dugal-and-husband-mukul-chaddas-unique-valentines-day-plan/articleshow/80909160.cms|title=Rasika Dugal and husband Mukul Chadda's unique Valentine's Day plan|website=Times of India|date=14 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/in-rasika-dugal-mukul-chaddas-banana-bread-how-a-real-life-couple-became-co-creators-of-a-social-distancing-satire-8491661.html|title=Rasika Dugal and Mukul Chadda's banana bread; How a real life couple became co-creators of a social distancing satire|website=First Post|author=Devansh Sharma|date=18 June 2020|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://newsd.in/mukul-chadda-is-proud-of-wife-rasika-dugals-success/|title=Mukul Chadda is proud of wife Rasika Dugal|website=newsd.in|author=Arundhati Banerjee|date=15 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/mukul-chadda-and-rasika-dugal-spread-message-of-food-conservation-213649|title=Mukul Chadda and Rasika Dugal spreads message of food conservation|website=Tribune|date=17 February 2021|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes !! Refs.
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2012 || ''[[Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu]]'' || Karan Sharma || ||
|-
| ''Ek Bahut Choti Si Love Story''
|
|Short film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3101750/|title=Ek Bahut Choti Si Love Story|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[I, Me Aur Main]]'' || Adil || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/aac/y2k11/aac836.php|title=Reliance Entertainment to release I Me Aur Main|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|date=8 August 2011|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Satyagraha (film)|Satyagraha]]'' || Harinath || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014
| ''[[Shuruaat Ka Interval]]''
| Lawyer
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood//articleshow/40313100.cms|title=Film review: Shuruaat Ka Interval|work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wogma.com/movie/shuruaat-ka-interval-review/|title=Shuruaat Ka Interval – Review|website=wogma.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Butnama''
| Rinku
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4372254/|title=Butnama|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015 || ''[[Island City (2015 film)|Island City]]'' || Insurance MC|| ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/island-city-movie-review-vinay-pathak-ruchika-oberoi-amruta-subhash-338917-2016-09-03|title=Island City movie review: An uncompromising, darkly comic film|date=3 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''Best Friends Forever''
| Parichit
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4874316/|title=Best Friends Forever|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Gurgaon (film)|Gurgaon]]''
| Kalra
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon, releasing next month is the latest in a string of films rooted in the Haryanvi milieu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/salaam-bombay-hello-haryana/article19284536.ece|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=17 July 2017|date=15 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''Pressure Cooker''
|
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7776800/|title=Pressure Cooker|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Banana Bread''
| Neighbour
| Short film; also writer, cinematographer
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12564124/|title=Banana Bread|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]'' || Pawan || Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/almost-forgot-vidya-balan-is-a-big-star-while-working-with-her-in-sherni-mukul-chadda-3860477.html|website=News 18|title= Mukul Chadda: Almost forgot Vidya Balan is a big star while working with her in Sherni|author=Nilofar Shaikh|date=18 June 2021|access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/ott-actor-and-sherni-co-star-mukul-chadda-goes-gaga-over-vidya-balan-23175699|title=Sherni's Actor Mukul Chadda goes gaga over Vidya Balan|website=Mid Day|author=Mohar Basu, Mumbai|date=30 May 2021|access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/when-you-work-with-good-people-it-makes-a-very-big-difference-says-sherni-actor-mukul-chadda|title=When you work with good people it makes a very big difference says Sherni actor Mukul Chadda|website=Fress Press Journal}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Fairy Folk]]''
|Mohit
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rasika-dugals-fairy-folk-gets-a-release-date/article67824821.ece|title=
Rasika Dugal's 'Fairy Folk' gets a release date|website=The Hindu|date=8 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Dhoom Dhaam (2025 film)|Dhoom Dhaam]]''
| Sanjay Reberio
| Released on [[Netflix]]
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Title || Role || Platform || Ref.
|-
| 2018
| ''Zero KMS''
| Shyam
| [[Zee5]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/62211/ott-revolution-bringing-out-varied-storytelling-genres-mukul-chadda.html|title=OTT revolution bringing out varied storytelling genres: Mukul Chadda|website=Weekend Leader|author=IANS}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| ''The Insiders''
| Roy Uncle
| [[MX Player]]
|
|-
| ''[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office]]''
| Jagdeep Chadda
| [[Hotstar]]
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Bicchoo Ka Khel]]''
| Babu Shrivastav
| [[Alt Balaji]]
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Sunflower (web series)|Sunflower]]''
| Mr. Ahuja
|[[Zee5]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/actor-mukul-chadda-on-his-role-in-web-series-sunflower/cid/1818197|title=Mukul Chadda on his role in web series Sunflower|website=Telegraph India|author=Sudeshna Banerjee|date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/dec/10/mukul-chadda-cast-in-vikas-bahls-web-series-sunflower-2234020.html|title=Mukul Chadda to cast in Vikas Bahl web series Sunflower|website=New Indian Express|author=Indian Express Web|date=10 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.india.com/entertainment/web-series-news-mukul-chadda-speaks-about-working-with-the-talented-cast-of-zee5s-sunflower-4692827/|title=Mukul Chadda speaks about working with the talented cast of Zee5 show Sunflower|website=India.com|author=Entertainment Desk|date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Rana Naidu]]''
| Eijaz Sheikh
| [[Netflix]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15471900/fullcredits/ | title=Rana Naidu (TV Series 2023) - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Made in Heaven (TV Series)]]''
| Rohit Ahuja
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6494622/fullcredits/ | title=Made In Heaven - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Big Girls Don't Cry (TV series)|Big Girls Don't Cry]]''
|Vipin Ahuja
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Search: The Naina Murder Case]]''
|Bheesham
|[[JioHotstar]]
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award Show
!Award
!Show
!Result
!Ref(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
| [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actor in a comic role – Male
| rowspan="3" |''[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office]]''
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
| [[iReel Awards]]
| Best Actor Male (Comedy)
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/i-reel-awards/list-of-nominees/|title=iReel Awards 2019: List of Nominees |website=News18 |access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/ireel-awards-2019-check-out-the-complete-list-of-winners-2320007.html|title=iReel Awards 2019: Check Out The Complete List Of Winners|date=23 September 2019|website=News18|access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2020
| [[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Actor (Comedy Series)
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners of the Flyx Filmfare OTT Awards|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-45407.html|access-date=20 December 2020|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[https://m.imdb.com/event/ev0059834/2023/1/ E4M Streaming Media Awards]
| Best Actor in a Comic Role
|[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref>https://m.imdb.com/event/ev0073825/2020/1/?ref_=ev_tl_yr_5</ref><ref>https://applauseentertainment.in/</ref>
|-
|2021
|[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0026600/2021/1/ IWM Digital Award]
|Most popular Actor in a Comic Role in a web Series
|[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office Season 2]]
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/vote-now-popular-actor-comic-role-web-series-mayur-sumeet-vyas-jitendra-kumar-raghubir-yadav-ranjan-raj-nikhil-vijay-vir-das-mukul-chadda/2021/03/05</ref>
|-
|2021
|[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0026275/2024/1/ FOI Online Award]
|Best Performance by an Ensemble Cast [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-mukul-chadda-on-sherni-vidya-balan-is-such-a-giving-co-actor-i-forgot-what-a-huge-star-she-is/articleshow/80563059.cms (Sherni)]
|[[Sherni (2021 film)|Sherni]]
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|2022
|[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0017821/2022/1/ Yellowstone International Film festival]
|Outstanding Performance in a Feature Film (Lead Male)
|[[Fairy Folk]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref>https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/mukul-chadda-says-fairy-folk-is-not-made-with-aim-to-send-message-it-asks-more-questions</ref>
|-
|2022
|[https://m.imdb.com/event/ev0049865/2022/1/ Indian Telly Streaming Awards]
|Fan Favourite Villain
|[[Sunflower (web series)|Sunflower]]
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/actor-mukul-chadda-on-his-role-in-web-series-sunflower/cid/1818197</ref>
|-
|2024
|[https://m.imdb.com/event/ev0026600/2021/1/ FOI Online Award]
|Best Actor in a Leading Role
|[[Fairy Folk]]
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=28 February 2024 |title=Mukul Chadda speaks on shooting 25-minute long takes without a cut for Fairy Folk; calls it “very liberating” 25 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mukul-chadda-speaks-shooting-25-minute-long-takes-without-cut-fairy-folk-calls-liberating/ |access-date=23 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*{{IMDb name|4702221}}
*{{Twitter |mukulchadda}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person |mukul-chaddha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chadda, Mukul}}
[[Category:Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]

Beauty Sharma Barua

2026-01-07T23:48:31Z

NIULoyd091: Put up

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Beauty Sharma Barua
| image = Beauty Sharma Barua.jpg
| caption = Beauty Sharma Barua in 2011
| image_size =
| birth_name = Beauty Barua
| alias = Beauty Baideu
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1951|6|18}}
| birth_place = Dafalating Tea Estate, [[Golaghat]], [[Assam]], [[Northeast India|Eastern India]],
| origin = Assamese
| genre = [[Assamese music]] [[Folk music]] [[Indian Classical Music]] [[Ghazal]] [[Bhajan]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active = 1958–present
}}

'''Beauty Sharma Barua''' (born 18 June 1951) is a singer from [[Assam]], [[India]]. She is one of the best-known and most respected [[Assamese Culture|Assamese]] [[folk music]], [[Indian classical music]], [[ghazal]] and [[bhajan]] singers of Assam. More popularly known as The Melody Queen of Assam and Beauty Baideu, she has recorded over a thousand songs for All India Radio, Doordarshan, albums and others. She has sung songs in over six regional Indian languages, though primarily in [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. Beauty Barua married renowned writer and lyricist [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] (1948–2006), called the [https://archive.today/20120913143725/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070726/asp/guwahati/story_8105260.asp Man with Melody in His Pen] by ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', in 1976.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dwijendra Mohan Sharma|url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070726/asp/guwahati/story_8105260.asp |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120913143725/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070726/asp/guwahati/story_8105260.asp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 13 September 2012 |date=26 July 2007|author=|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2011-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Enajori |title=Musical Minds |url=http://enajori.com/art-and-literature/musical-minds/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708043719/http://enajori.com/art-and-literature/musical-minds/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 July 2012 |date=21 September 2004 |publisher=Enajori |access-date=2011-08-19 }}</ref>

==Early life==

Sangeet Prabhakar Beauty Sharma Barua was born in Dafalating Tea Estate, [[Golaghat]], [[Upper Assam]]. She was the youngest daughter of Bhubaneshwar Barua and Nirmala Barua, granddaughter of Assamese literary legend, [[Lakshminath Bezbaroa]].

Since the age of 3, Beauty Sharma Barua started learning [[Shloka|Sanskrit Shlokas]] and Assamese devotional songs like [[Borgeet]], Aai Naam and [[Prarthana (music)|Prarthana]] geet from her parents. Since the age of 4, she took her first lessons in [[Indian classical music]] and light folk music from different gurus from [[Jorhat]]. Since the age of 5, she started teaching folk songs to children of tea estate workers at the Dafalating Tea Estate and emerged as a child folk singer at the age of 6. In 1958, when she was 7, she was facilitated by the first prime minister of independent [[India]], Pt. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] for her singing capabilities. Since the age of 9, she was trained in [[Indian Classical Music]] by maestros like Rajmohan Das, Tulsi Chakraborty, Anil Dutta, Lakshi Saikia and Pandit Motilal Sharma from the [[Kirana Gharana]], later [[Indore Gharana]]. She was also trained in other light classical forms of music like [[Dadra]], [[Thumri]] and [[Kajri]] by [[Begum Akhtar]] and [[Ghazal]] by Bal Gautam.

==Singing career==

===Early career in the 1960s===
Since the late 1960s, Beauty Sharma Barua started gaining popularity through her songs aired by [[All India Radio]] [[Guwahati]], [[Shillong]], [[Jorhat]] and [[Dibrugarh]] including special shows on her hosted by [[All India Radio]], [[Imphal]]. She soon became a frequent guest in shows and features hosted by various [[All India Radio]] stations. Back then, she was more known for her [[Ghazals|Ghazal]], [[Bhajans|Bhajan]] and [[Indian Classical Music]]. Her first song recorded by [[All India Radio]], [[Guwahati]] was Tumaloi Monot Pore, written by Nurul Haque and Music by Jitu Tapan in 1968. This song was later recorded as a duet with [[Bhupen Hazarika]] in 1972. Her second ever recorded song by [[All India Radio]] was O Rojonigondha in 1968. This song was written [[Asam Sahitya Sabha|Lila Gogoi]] and composed by Lakhi Saikia. She gained much respect for being one of the few singers who could sing [[raga]] based songs in Assam. Some of her most popular songs recorded in the late 1960s included Xouwa Neel Neel (1969) and Mon Dilu Tomak (1969).

===1970s===
[[File:Beauty Sharma Barua 1972.jpg|thumb|Beauty Sharma Barua as a young woman in 1972]]

Since the 1970s, Beauty Sharma Barua sang songs for various Music Directors of the time including [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[Jayanta Hazarika]], [[Khagen Mahanta]], Indreshwar Sarma, Subir Mukherjee, Lakshi Saikia, Jitu Tapan, [[Birendra Nath Datta|Dr. Birendra Nath Datta]], Mukul Barua, Jiten Deb, Hemen Hazarika, Amiadhar Barua, Anil Barua, Birendra Nath Phukan, [[Asam Sahitya Sabha|Dilip Sarma]], Mohammad Hussain, Jagadish Barua, Deben Sarma, [[Music of Assam|Prabhat Sarma]], J.P Das, Bipul Barua, Utpal Sarma, Atul Dev Sarma, Ramen Choudhury, Anupam Choudhury, [[Hiren Gohain]] and Jyotish Bhattacharya. Her voice was rendered to some of the legendary song writers of Assam, including, [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]], [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]], [[Laxminath Bezbarua]], [[Parvati Prasad Baruwa]], [[List of Assamese language poets|Mitradev Mahanta]], [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[Nabakanta Barua]], Darpanath Sarma, Lila Gogoi, Lakhyahira Das, [[List of Assamese language poets|Keshav Mahanta]], Tafajul Ali, Usuf Hazarika, Nurul Haque, Sandhya Devi, Idris Ali, [[Hiren Bhattacharyya]], Amit Sarkar, Anuradha Das, Hemanta Goshwami, Kirti Kamal Bhuyan, Nagen Bora and Mukul Barua. Her gramophone record album with [[Bhupen Hazarika]] released by [[Gramophone Company India]] in 1972 was a best seller. Duets like Tumaloi Monot Pore and Tumi Joon Ne Xoon with [[Bhupen Hazarika]] introduced a new trend of modern folk music in [[Assam]].

Some of her famous songs during the 1970s included Proja Poti Jhilmil Pakhi (1970), Etiya Polom Hol (1970), Chandrawoli Nixa (1971), Un Mona Hoi Mone (1971), Tumi Joon Ne Xoon (1972), Tumaloi Monot Pore (1972), Tumi Xudha (1973), Xorot Ahile Henu (1973), Prothom Torati (1974), Maya Mrigo (1974), Akash Neela (1975), Tumar Kotha Jetiya Bhabu (Later sung by [[Jayanta Hazarika]])(1975), Monore Xima Rekha (1975), He Maya Bini (1975), Gharmua Pokhi (1976), Ei Xapoon Mur (1976), Mah Halodhi (1977), Kokalot Gagori (1977), Xipare Jamuar (1978), Devi Buli Matisilu (1978), Moi Nodit (1979) and Moi Sondo Hara (1979).
After her marriage to Poet and [[Lyricist]], [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] in 1976, [[Assam]] saw another new trend in melody blended between [[Assamese Culture|Assamese]] [[Folk music|Folk Music]] and light Classical. The birth of evergreen compositions like Mah Halodhi, Ghar Mua Pokhi, Xipare Jamunar, Devi Buli Matisilu, Dighal Koi Uroni, Habiye Habiye, Ujoni Mua Rail Gari, Tup Tup Robha Toli and Kokalot Gagori written by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] and sung by Beauty Sharma Barua, are still amongst the most melodious songs loved by people of Assam. Beauty Sharma Barua has sung over 300 songs written by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] since the 1970s till now.

===1980s===
[[File:With Dwijendra Mohan Sharma.jpg|thumb|With Dwijendra Mohan Sharma, 1989]]
The 1980s saw the rise of one of the most respected music schools of Assam, the Alakananda Sangeet Vidyalaya, started by Beauty Sharma Barua. This music school has seen multiple singers emerge into the global scenario through the training imparted by Beauty Sharma Barua. Her disciples were known to be some of the most classically trained singers in the state, especially in genres like [[Ghazal]], [[Bhajan]] and [[Music of Assam|Assamese]] [[Folk music|Folk Music]]. Her students started demonstrating expertise in practically any form of music through the strong base created by the legendary singer.
In 1988, the children learning music at the Alakananda Sangeet Vidyalaya won multiple awards for their songs sung in the album, Umola Ghoror Geet, which was directed by Beauty Sharma Barua and composed by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]]. The song Seuji Sopot from the album is still used as a theme for the Green Revolution in Assam.

During the 1980s, she sang some of the best light classical based melodious songs of her time which are still amongst her greatest hits today. Her most famous Indian classical based songs include Bonei Bone (1980), Shyam O Shyam (1980), Megh Nathakile (1980), Kiyo Jaanu Mur (1981), Xao Nao Borosaat (1982), Nibe Nimati Rati (1984), Kaar Xure Xure (1986) and Buku Apun Aai (1987) . Some of her most melodious songs of the period are Joon Tora Raati (1981), Dighol Koi Uroni (1981), Tup Tup Robha Toli (1981), Aha Naa Kua Naa (1981), Rati Xaare Ase (1982), Sandhiya Hole(1982), Dori Kona Maas (1983), Besi Din Logot Nathaku (1984), Akajoli Xur (1985), Mon Kiyo Aji (1985), Xorot Xitol (1986), Duronire Pora (1986), Kaali Ratir Xapun (1987), Agoli Kolore Paate (1987), Najau Aji Ghoroloi (1988), Habiye Habiye (1989).

===1990s===
From the 1990s onwards, Beauty Sharma Barua worked with multiple music directors and brought in some of the most popular songs in Assam including Eman Apun Hoiyu (1991), Bota Sorai (1991), Maya Bhora Raati (1991), Dubori Buku (1991), Kun Ropohi Tai (1992), Suruj Mukhiye Kole (1992), Lorajon Xodiye (1993), Ulai Saalu Dekha Paalu (1993), Kauri Kaa Kaa (1994), Misingor Sangote (1994), Nas Bandor Nas (1995), Ja Ja Jiya (1995), Xi Jhune Buto (1996), Ujoni Mua (1996), Bhor Duporia (1997), Deu Di Nasili (1997), Ratite Phuli Utha (1997), Eijora Band Party (1998), Lorajon Sadiye (1998), Dhuliya Bihu Wa Dhulotu (1999), Gaor Manuhe Koi Bhute Dhorise (1999), Ei Je Abile Bela (1999) among others.

In 1999, her album Nao Koina brought in a new dimension to marriage songs and was the common background music in Assamese Weddings. Apart her songs in albums like Xorotor Xondiya, Parinita, Upasana, Joan, Atitak Xuori and Shri Shri Durga topped the charts in the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=An Evening of Enchanment|url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070720/asp/northeast/story_8077338.asp |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120911111450/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070720/asp/northeast/story_8077338.asp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 11 September 2012 |date=20 July 2007|author=|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=2011-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New Doordarshan Serial Maa|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday2.php?sec=17&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2011-07-24|date=24 July 2007|publisher=[[The Sentinel (Gauhati)|The Sentinel]]|access-date=2011-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612110206/http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday2.php?sec=17&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2011-07-24|archive-date=12 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2000s===
After the success of Noa Koina, another marriage album listing her most popular songs, Daponmoti, was released in 2005. During the 2000s she recorded multiple popular songs including Xunali Xunaru Phoolise (2000), Kun Rupohir Gohona Jeelikay (2001), Dug Dug Madolore Maat (2001), Xun Ne Rup Ne (2001), Pooja Pooja Botorote (2002), Jetuka Patere (2002), Jobonor Noi (2003), Sandhya Nami Bokul Bonot (2003), Botahote Haale Jaale (2003), Ajiye Godhuli Bela (2003), Akasot Junakor (2004), Eti Proshno Mur (2004), Klanto Ratir Tora (2004), Rupore Agoni (2004), Xopunor Maya Bhora (2004) and others.

After the death of [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] in 2006, which came in as a huge shock to the people of Assam, she was inspired by all eminent musicians in Assam to continue her singing and keep the legend, [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] alive.
In 2007, she published a book on children’s songs, Umola Ghoror Geet, which contained 56 songs written by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] along with staff notations for the tunes. These songs were sung by children and a popular Assamese children’s album with the same name was released in 2007. The death of [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]] inspired her to write her first composition as a dedication to the legend released in an album, My Ornate Life With The Legend, in 2008. One of her most popular albums, Moonlight Melodies, was also released in the same year. The music director for the songs in the albums was Ramen Choudhury and Bhupen Uzir.

===2010s===
The 2010s find her travelling across India taking Assamese music across different states. She has sung multiple songs in different Indian languages including [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Kannada]] apart from translating Assamese songs into those languages.

In 2012, her album, Mah Halodhi, has been one of her bestsellers with millions of fans enjoying her most popular numbers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beauty Sharma Barua|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday2.php?sec=17&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2012-01-28|date=28 January 2012|publisher=[[The Sentinel (Gauhati)|The Sentinel]]|access-date=2012-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141538/http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday2.php?sec=17&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2012-01-28|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Beauty Sharma Barua|url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/344599/tradition-verse.html |date=14 July 2013|author=|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=2015-03-09}}</ref>

In 2016, two music albums, Dapunmoti and Jugomiya Geet were released in a function organised in memory of the Assam’s eminent lyricist Nurul Haque at the Rabindra Bhawan, held under the aegis of [[Assam Sahitya Sabha]] and the state government’s [https://directorculture.assam.gov.in/ Directorate of Cultural Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512040632/https://directorculture.assam.gov.in/ |date=12 May 2024 }}. <ref>{{cite web|title='Dapunmoti' and 'Jugomiya Geet'|url=http://www.kothasobi.com/2016/09/beauty-sharma-barua-album-released.html|date=27 September 2016|author=|publisher=KothaSobi|access-date=2020-06-21|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622085904/http://www.kothasobi.com/2016/09/beauty-sharma-barua-album-released.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2017, she released Alakananda, an album of 162 songs written by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]], rendered by 75 prominent singers including herself. <ref>{{cite web|title='Alakananda': Dwijendra Mohan Sharma's Evergreen Compositions|url=http://www.kothasobi.com/2017/03/dwijendra-mohan-sharma-evergreen-song-album-alakananda.html|date=22 March 2017|author=|publisher=KothaSobi|access-date=2020-06-21|archive-date=23 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623112610/http://www.kothasobi.com/2017/03/dwijendra-mohan-sharma-evergreen-song-album-alakananda.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the same year, she also released a book in the same name, [https://www.free-ebooks.net/international/Alakananda-Dwijendra-Mohan-Sharma Alakananda], that includes hundreds of songs, poems and compositions by [[List of Assamese language poets|Dwijendra Mohan Sharma]].

In 2018, Beauty Sharma Barua released her first spiritual album, Shakti - Stotras & Vandanas for Peace and Inner Strength, which include multiple vedic semi-classical renderations including [[Shiva|Shiva Stotra]], [[Durga|Durga Stotra]], [[Kamakhya|Kamakhya Stotra]], [[Dirgheshwari temple|Dirgheshwari Mantra]], [[Kali|Kali Mantra]], [[Saraswati|Saraswati Vandana]] and [[Durga|Durga Stuti]] among others. 2018 also saw the release of her semi-classical album, Thumri - Kajri - Dadra - Beauty Sharma Barua, which included Najariya Laage Nahi ([[Thumri]]), Saiyan Rooth Gaye ([[Kajri]]), Mor Balamwa Pardesiya ([[Dadra]]), Nahi Aaye More Shyaam ([[Thumri]]), Sawariya Ne Haye Ram ([[Dadra]]) and Sawan Ki Ritu ([[Kajri]]).

===2020s===
In 2021, she was awarded the Shilpi Sanman by the Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam under the aegis of the Chief Minister of Assam, [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Silpi Sanman Assam|url= https://www.silpisanmanassam.com/ |date=|author=|publisher=[[Government of Assam]]|access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref>

In September, 2022, the Jeewan Ram Mungi Devi Goenka Public Charitable Trust (JRMDGPCT) honoured their Lifetime Achievement Award to Beauty Sharma Barua along with sound designer Jatin Sarma, Mumbai-based choreographer Kamal Nath, and the National Award winner was [[Padma Shri]] [[Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi]] from [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Jeewan Ram Mungi Devi Goenka Trust Awards|url= https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/jeewan-ram-mungi-devi-goenka-trust-awards-614661 |date=24 September 2022|author=|publisher=[[The Sentinel (Gauhati)|The Sentinel]]|access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref>

In 2023, she has recorded a new string of Hindi songs inspired by her old Assamese melodies that include songs like Tum Yaad Aaye Mujhe and Dil Diya Hai Tumhe.

As per the official state portal of the [[Government of Assam]], Beauty Sharma Barua is one of the artists who has laid the foundation of the Assamese music industry with a confluence of indigenous folk music along with other legends like [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]], [[Bishnuprasad Rabha]], [[Parvati Prasad Baruva]], [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[Nirmalendu Choudhury]], [[Pratima Barua Pandey]], [[Rudra Baruah|Luit Konwar Rudra Baruah]], [[Parvati Prasad Baruva]], [[Jayanta Hazarika]] and [[Khagen Mahanta]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Culture of Assam|url= https://assam.gov.in/en/main/CULTURE%20OF%20ASSAM |date=|author=|publisher=[[Government of Assam]]|access-date=2020-06-21}}</ref>

==Non-singing career==

Apart from her singing, she directed multiple musical shows on [[Doordarshan]] and [[All India Radio]] on various themes and various eminent singers from Assam took part in those television shows. She also had a few acting stints in Protichobi, Dapon and Pratighat, and rendering her voice in Atma Mariyada, a popular Assamese soap.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
{{Commons category|Beauty Sharma Barua}}
* [[Music of Assam]]
* [[Barua]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barua, Beauty Sharma}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assamese singers]]
[[Category:Assamese-language playback singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:People from Golaghat]]
[[Category:Singers from Assam]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Assam]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]

Brajesh Yadav

2025-11-22T19:32:39Z

NIULoyd091: made first pg added tags...

{{Short description|Political}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Brajesh Yadav
| constituency = [[Sahaswan Assembly constituency|Sahaswan]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Omkar Singh Yadav]]
| successor =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
}}
'''Brajesh Yadav''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]], representing the [[Sahaswan Assembly constituency|Sahaswan constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brajesh yadav की ताज़ा ख़बर, ब्रेकिंग न्यूज़ in Hindi – NDTV India |url=https://ndtv.in/topic/brajesh-yadav |website=ndtv.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UP : सपा MLA ब्रजेश यादव के खिलाफ चार्जशीट दाखिल, आचार संहिता के उल्लंघन का है केस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttar-pradesh/story/chargesheet-filed-against-badaun-sp-mla-brajesh-yadav-in-provocative-speeches-and-violating-code-of-conduct-case-ntc-1451540-2022-04-23 |website=आज तक |language=hi |date=23 April 2022}}</ref> In 2022, Brijesh Yadav of the [[Samajwadi Party]] won the seat by defeating Haji Vittan Musarrat from [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=brijesh yadav News, photos and videos, brijesh yadav हिंदी न्यूज़ {{!}} page-1 |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/tags/brijesh-yadav |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Bajash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

J. V. Narsing Rao

2025-11-09T08:16:51Z

NIULoyd091:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = J. V. Narsing Rao
| image = J.V.Narasingarao.jpg
| office = 2nd [[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1967
| term_end = 30 Sept 1971
| predecessor = [[K. V. Ranga Reddy]]
| successor = [[C. Jagannatha Rao]]
| constituency = [[Mancherial Assembly constituency|Luxettipeta]]
}}
'''Joginapally Venkat Narsing Rao''' was an Indian politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]. He was one of the signatories from the [[Telangana region]] in [[Gentlemen's agreement of Andhra Pradesh (1956)]]. He was the Deputy Chief Minister in [[Andhra Pradesh]] in 1972.

==Life==
He won as an MLA from [[Luxettipet]] in two successive elections in 1967 and 1972 and was also made a Deputy Chief Minister in his second stint.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/velamas-call-the-shots-here/article27591234.ece | title= Velamas call the shots here | date=1 April 2004 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=S. Harpal | last=Singh | accessdate=24 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Book-on-%E2%80%98States%E2%80%99-reorganisation---a-case-study-of-AP%E2%80%99-released/2013/11/24/article1908075.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012551/http://newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Book-on-%E2%80%98States%E2%80%99-reorganisation---a-case-study-of-AP%E2%80%99-released/2013/11/24/article1908075.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2013|title = Book on 'States' reorganisation - a case study of AP' released}}</ref>

He was married.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Joginapally Venkat Narsing}}
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]