Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Surkhi

2026-05-08T06:52:13Z

MyronMullet1862: Made A Info!

{{Short description|Town in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Surkhi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Surkhi rajghat
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.63|N|78.83|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sagar district|Sagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7,289
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 470226
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP-15]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Surkhi''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Sagar district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is situated 30 km away from the district headquarter.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999</ref>

It is part of [[Surkhi Assembly constituency]].
[[Govind Singh Rajput]] is MLA from here.

==Geography==
Surkhi is situated between the latitude 23.63' north and the longitude 78.83' east. The region is predominantly [[Agrarian society|agrarian]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Surkhi.html | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Surkhi, India }}</ref>

==Demographics ==
Surkhi Town has a population of 7289 of which 3818 are males and 3471 are females, as per the population census of 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/460682-surkhi-madhya-pradesh.html | title=Surkhi Village Population - Sagar - Sagar, Madhya Pradesh }}</ref>

==Government ==
Surkhi is a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. The Surkhi city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.

==Transport==
Surkhi is situated on [[NH 44]] who commented it from [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|sagar]] to [[Deori, Sagar|deori]] and [[narsinghpur ]] ,daily bus service is available from here ,

==See also ==
* [[Surkhi Assembly constituency]]
* [[Jaisinagar]]
* [[Bilehra]]

==References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sagar district]]

{{Sagar-geo-stub}}

Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki

2026-05-07T05:45:41Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = MannatColorsTV.png
| creator = Mukta Dhond
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Ayesha Singh]] [[Adnan Khan]]
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| open_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 425 
| executive_producer =
| producer = Mukta Dhond
| editor = Ganga kacharla Amit Singh
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 21-30 minutes
| company = Malhar Content Creations
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|1|6|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
}}
'''''Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama series that premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 6 January 2025 and streams digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]. Produced by Mukta Dhond under Malhar Content Creations, it stars [[Ayesha Singh]] and [[Adnan Khan]].

==Plot==
Set against the vibrant backdrop of [[Mumbai]], the story begins 22 years ago when Mannat was abandoned by her biological mother, Sonia Khanna at [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]], but was saved by a young boy, named Aman Kumar, and was taken in and raised by her maternal aunt, Shruti. After abandoning Mannat, Sonia had changed her name to Aishwarya and had moved to [[London]], where she had married a businessman, named Gagan Raisingh. Due to Gagan's mistakes in business, his father, Rajendra had handed over the business and household responsibilities to Aishwarya, which had upset Gagan's mother, Keerat.

But overtime, Gagan began to see Aishwarya's actual colours and he began to drink to cope. After graduating from culinary college, Mannat now embarks on her professional journey as a chef. She lands her first job at a high-end restaurant "Mezbaani" that, is owned, by Aishwarya and her business partner, Vikrant Saluja. Unbeknownst to anyone, Mannat and Aishwarya share a deep connection. When Aishwarya discovers Mannat's disadvantaged background, and the growing bond between Mannat and Vikrant, she fires Mannat. But Vikrant sees Mannat's potential and culinary talent, re-hiring her, despite Aishwarya's opposition.

Vikrant remains oblivious to the fact that, his identity has been fabricated, he is actually Aman, who had once rescued Mannat at Marine Drive, the real Vikrant had died from an illness, when he was five years old, a tragic event that had led to Neetu to driving recklessly, resulting in an accident that, had injured Aman's parents, Bhushan and Vishaka. Instead of seeking medical help, she callously abandoned them, abducting Aman in a misguided effort to replace her late son, giving him the name Vikrant. Unable to come to terms with her loss, Neetu had constructed a new life for Aman.

Bhushan and Vishaka were eventually taken to a hospital, where Vishaka's injuries were minor, but Bhushan's were far more serious, requiring surgery for his survival. When Ronnie had learned about the incident, instead of ensuring Aman's return to his family, he chose to support Neetu's delusion, even attempting to bribe Aman's grandmother, Shusheela to prevent her from pressing charges against Neetu for her crimes and reckless actions. He had proposed buying Aman from Shusheela and also had offered to cover the costs for her son's surgery.

But despite Shusheela rejecting Ronnie's attempts to drop the charges, he had still covered the cost of Bhushan's surgery. But unfortunately, due to apparent delays in receiving care, Bhushan did not survive. Later, Shusheela had inexplicably dropped the charges against Neetu and had sold her grandson, Aman to Ronnie and Neetu for 50,000, after, which they had moved to London. The only individuals, who are aware of Aman's actual identity, aside from Neetu and Ronnie, is Ronnie's brother, Bobby and his sister-in-law, Raveena.

Ronnie is haunted, by the guilt over his inability to save Bhushan, despite covering the surgery costs, well Neetu feels remorse for her role in what she believes had led to Bhushan's death. Unbeknownst to both of them, Bhushan's death was not a direct, result of Neetu's actions, but, due to Vishaka's interference in his medical treatment to profit from the insurance claims. Vishaka, prioritizing financial gain over her husband's life, coercing Shusheela, into dropping the charges and selling Aman, by threatening her, with a false criminal charge, because the entire Kumar family were financially broke, which had led to Vishaka to value money over the welfare of her family, including Vishaka's son, Aman, who she ultimately sold to extort future funds.

Despite returning to [[India]] after being away for 22 years, Aman has no memories of his past, although fragments occasionally resurface. But Neetu has been secretly administering illegal drugs to Aman for years to suppress his memories and to conceal his actual identity.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Ayesha Singh]] as Mannat Khanna: Aishwarya and Anirudh's daughter (2025–present)
*[[Adnan Khan]] as Aman "Vikrant" Saluja: Vishaka and Bhushan's younger son (2025–present)
**Advik Singh Rana as child Aman (2025)

===Recurring===
*[[Mona Vasu]] as Sonia "Aishwarya" Khanna Raisingh: Shruti's sister; Sunita, Rajendra and Shruti's murderer (2025–present)
*[[Manit Joura]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] Dhairya Kumar: Vishakha and Bhushan's elder son (2025–present)
*Mamata Verma as Shruti Khanna: Aishwarya's sister (2025)
*Yami Khandelwal / Trisha Sharda as Dua Saluja: Mannat and Vikrant's daughter (2025-2026) / (2026–present)
**Shrish Todankar as baby Dua (2026)
*Sharain Khanduja as Mallika "Malla" Raisingh: Aishwarya and Gagan's daughter (2025–present)
*[[Hasan Zaidi]] as Gagan Raisingh: Keerat and Rajendra's son (2025)
*Roopa Divetia as Keerat Raisingh: Rajendra's widow (2025)
*Pradeep Shukla as Rajendra Raisingh: Keerat's husband (2025)
*Sanjay Swaraj as Aniruddh Saxena: Aishwarya's ex-lover (2025)
*[[Rushad Rana]] as Ronnie Saluja: Bobby's brother (2025–present)
*Swati Anand as Neetu Saluja: Ronnie's wife (2025–present)
*[[Abeer Singh Godhwani]] as Puneet Saluja: Bobby and Raveena's son (2025)
*Aparna Mishra as Anisha "Anu" Saluja: Bobby and Raveena's daughter (2025)
*[[Ashu Sharma]] as Bobby Saluja: Ronnie's brother; Raveena's husband; Puneet and Anisha's father; Shalini's rapist (2025)
*Janvi Vora as Raveena Saluja: Bobby's wife (2025)
*[[Leena Jumani]] as Yashika: Akshay's sister (2025–present)
*Lakshit Chhabra as Yuvraj "Yuvi" Raisingh: Mallika's fake son (2025–present)
*Deepa Rao as Shalini Sirohi: Aishwarya's former PA (2025)
*Aditya Solanki as Aditya Sirohi: Shalini's brother (2025)
*Kajal Khanchandani as Susheela Kumar: Bhushan's mother (2025)
*Neha Prajapati as Vishaka Kumar: Bhushan's widow; Bhushan, Susheela and Shruti's murderer (2025–present)
*Bhavya Shinde as Varun: Anirudh's right hand and assistant; Mannat's well-wisher; Rajendra's false murderer (2025)
*[[Delnaaz Irani]] as Harneet Singh: Shruti's best friend (2025)
*Gulshan Shivani as Laksh: A chef of Mezbaani; Mannat's former mean co-worker turned friend (2025)
*Sapan Gulati as Derek: A chef of Mezbaani; Mannat's former mean co-worker turned friend (2025)
*Hiral Jain as Sunita: Servant of the Saluja mansion; Mannat's fake mother (2025)
*Kimmi Sharma as Dolly: Kandan's daughter (2025)
*Niyati Karnawat as Gudiya: Kandan's daughter (2025)
*Puja Kshatriya as Kandan: Shruti and Mannat's former neighbour (2025)
* Samrat Kapoor as Bunty Sandhu: Guddi's son (2025–present)
* Abhiannshu Vohra as Akshay: Yashika's brother (2025–present)
*Pankaj Bijlani as Nikhil: Anisha's fiancé (2025)
*Rashmikant Surve as Pintu: Shruti and Mannat's former neighbour (2025)
*Rayees Khan as Samneshwar aka Sam: Vikrant's personal assistant (2025)
*V S Prince Ratan as Vikrant's assistant (2026)

===Guest===
*Pinky Chinoy as Mrs. Burman: A food inspector (2025)
*[[Aishwarya Khare]] as Dr. Aarambhi Tandon to promote ''[[Dr. Aarambhi]]'' (2026)
*[[Aditya Redij]] as Dr. Vishwas Tandon to promote ''[[Dr. Aarambhi]]'' (2026)
*[[Deepika Singh]] as Mangal Srivastav from ''[[Mangal Lakshmi]]'' (2026)

==Production==
===Development===
In early December 2024, Colors TV unveiled a teaser to introduce ''Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki'' with Ayesha Singh and [[Mona Vasu]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 December 2024|title=गुम हैं किसी के प्यार में के बाद इस सीरियल से आयशा सिंह की वापसी, पहले प्रोमो में सई का नया रूप देख फैंस बोले- हम तैयार हैं|url=https://ndtv.in/television/ghkkpm-actress-ayesha-singh-new-show-mannat-first-promo-out-after-ghum-hain-kisi-ke-pyaar-mein-7185853|access-date=7 January 2025|work=[[NDTV]]|language=hi}}</ref>

===Casting===
Ayesha Singh was cast as the female lead, Mannat Khanna.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=21 November 2024|title=Ayesha Singh Reveals Why She Said Yes To Mannat: 'I Wanted A Good Story'|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/ayesha-singh-reveals-why-she-said-yes-to-mannat-i-wanted-a-good-story-aa-9172837.html|access-date=7 January 2025|work=[[News 18]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Adnan Khan]] was selected to play the male lead, Vikrant Saluja.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=30 December 2024|title=Adnan Khan On Working With Ayesha Singh In Mannat: 'She Is A Very Disciplined Actress'|url=https://www.news18.com/television/adnan-khan-on-working-with-ayesha-singh-in-mannat-she-is-a-very-disciplined-actress-aa-9172308.html|access-date=7 January 2025|work=[[News 18]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Mona Vasu]] was cast as the main female antagonist, Aishwarya Raisingh.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Simran|date=2 January 2025|title=Mona Vasu on Mannat, how OTT changed TV, actors facing discrimination in Bollywood: 'Mere mooh pe..'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-mona-vasu-on-mannat-how-ott-changed-tv-actors-facing-discrimination-in-bollywood-3125318|access-date=7 January 2025|work=[[DNA India]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Delnaaz Irani]] was roped in to portray Harneet.

In December 2025, the show took a 7 years leap where Yami Khandelwal and Lakshit Chhabra were roped in as Dua and Yuvi respectively. [[Leena Jumani]] also joined the show post leap in a pivotal role. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Tiwari|first=Vijaya|date=8 January 2025|title=Exclusive - Delnaaz Irani On Daily Soap Life; Says "Love What You Do, And The Energy Flows"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-delnaaz-irani-on-daily-soap-life-says-love-what-you-do-and-the-energy-flows/articleshow/117038380.cms|access-date=8 January 2025|work=[[Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Crossover ==
From 25 March to 26 March 2026, Mannat had a crossover with Dr Arambhi

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt35300216|Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

Snake charming

2026-05-03T07:05:25Z

MyronMullet1862: Made New Pg!

{{short description|Practice of appearing to hypnotise a snake}}
{{Redirect|Snake charmer}}
{{more citations needed |date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

[[File:Charmeur de serpents à Jaipur (2).JPG |thumb |Snake charmer in [[Jaipur]] (India) in 2007]]

'''Snake charming''' is the practice of appearing to [[hypnosis |hypnotize]] a [[snake]] (often a [[cobra]]) by playing and waving around an instrument called a [[pungi]]. A typical performance may also include handling the snakes or performing other seemingly dangerous acts, as well as other [[busking |street performance]] staples, like [[juggling]] and [[sleight of hand]]. The practice was historically the profession of some tribesmen in [[India]] well into the 20th century but snake charming declined rapidly after the government banned the practice in 1972.<ref name="Chandra">{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Sharmila |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19891231-indias-snake-charmers-sway-on-the-edge-of-extinction-816887-1989-12-31 |title=India's snake-charmers sway on the edge of extinction A traditional art form faces extinction. |date=12 November 2013 |work=India Today |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/02/worlddispatch.lukeharding |title=Snake tricks lose their charm |date=2 April 2002 |work=The Guardian |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> Snake-charmer performances still happen in other Asian nations such as [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta3/tft/article.php?issue=20121221&page=16
|title=Snakes and charmers |author=Amtul Jamil |periodical=The Friday Times |date=21–27 December 2012 |volume=XXIV |issue=45}}. [[Umerkot]] is one of the centers of the craft in Pakistan.</ref> [[Bangladesh]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]] and [[Malaysia]]. The tradition is also practiced in North African countries of [[Egypt]], [[Morocco]], and [[Tunisia]].

[[Ancient Egypt]] was home to one form of snake charming, though the practice as it exists today likely arose in India.{{Citation needed |date=July 2021}} It eventually spread throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Despite a sort of [[golden age]] in the 20th century, the practice of snake charming has been declining since. This is due to a variety of factors, chief among them is the enforcement of the [[Wildlife Protection Act, 1972]] in India banning ownership of snakes. In retaliation, snake charmers have organized in recent years, protesting the loss of their only means of livelihood, and the government has made some overtures to them. Snake charming is almost extinct in India.<ref name="Chandra"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/02/worlddispatch.lukeharding |title=Snakes tricks lose their charm. |date=2 April 2002 |work=The Guardian |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref>

Many snake charmers live a wandering existence, visiting towns and villages on market days and during festivals. During a performance, snake charmers may take a number of precautions. The charmer typically sits out of biting range<ref name="nickell" />{{rp |251}} and the snake is usually sluggish due to starvation or dehydration and reluctant to attack anyway. More drastic means of protection include removing the reptile's [[fang]]s or [[Snake venom |venom gland]]s, drugging the snake,<ref name="nickell" />{{rp |251}} or even sewing the snake's mouth shut.<ref name=exploit>Highfield, Andy C. and Bayley, Jane R. [https://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/exploit.html "Folklore, Myth, and Exploitation of snakes in Morocco and Tunisia"]. ''Tortoisetrust.org''. Section "Snakes".</ref> The most popular species are those native to the snake charmer's home region, typically various kinds of [[cobra]]s, though [[Viperidae |viper]]s and other types are also used.

Although snakes are able to sense sound, they lack the outer ear that would enable them to hear the music. They follow the movement of the charmer and the pungi that the charmer holds with his hands.<ref name="nickell">{{Cite book |last=Nickell |first=Joe |title=Secrets of the sideshows |date=2005 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-7179-2 |location=Lexington, Ky. |oclc=65377460 |author-link=Joe Nickell}}</ref>{{rp |251}} The snake considers the person and pungi a threat and responds to it as if it were a predator.

==History==
[[File:Brehm1883.jpg|thumb|"Snakecharmers," a chromolithograph by [[Alfred Brehm]]]]
The earliest evidence for snake charming comes from ancient Egyptian sources. Charmers there mainly acted as [[Magician (paranormal)|magicians]] and [[medicine|healers]]. Part of their studies involved learning the various types of snake, the gods to whom they were sacred, and how to treat those who were bitten by the reptiles. Entertainment was also part of their repertoire, and they knew how to handle the animals and charm them for their patrons, but experts in that tradition were deported and employed in royal courts in Assyria and Persia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Charming Snakes (and Kings), from Egypt to Persia |url=https://hal.science/hal-03190184/document |page=9-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Snake Charmer {{!}} Vignettes |url=http://https//vignettes.us,%20https://vignettes.us/snake-charmer/ |access-date=2025-12-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>

One of the earliest records of snake charming appears in the Bible in Psalm 58:3–5: "The wicked turn aside from birth; liars go astray as soon as they are born. Their venom is like that of a snake, like a deaf serpent that does not hear, that does not respond to the magicians, or to a skilled snake-charmer."

Modern Snake charming originated in India.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Most Forbidden Knowledge: 151 Things NO ONE Should Know How to Do|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FVPYpZZ66c0C|publisher = Adams Media|date = 2012-12-18|isbn = 978-1440560934|language = en|first1 = Michael|last1 = Powell|first2 = Matt|last2 = Forbeck}}</ref> [[Hinduism]] has long held serpents to be sacred; the animals are believed to be related to the [[Naga (mythology)|Nagas]], and many gods are pictured under the protection of the cobra.

The earliest snake charmers are believed to have been [[traditional medicine|traditional healers]] by trade. As part of their training, they learned to treat [[snakebite (bite)|snake bites]].<ref name=":0" /> Some also learned how to handle snakes, and people called on them to remove snakes from their homes. Snake charming became associated with the [[guru]] Baba Gulabgir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20031117-snake-charming-illegal-in-india-panchayat-demands-land-and-job-from-govt-791437-2003-11-17|title=Snake charmers' panchayat demand alternative as govt declare art illegal|date=17 November 2003|first=Supriya|last=Bezbaruah|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-07-08}}</ref> These snake charmers were associated with exorcists, physicians, and magical healers.<ref name=":0" /> The practice eventually spread to nearby regions, ultimately reaching North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
[[File:Snake Charmers in Kolkata, 1945, Norman Herfort slnsw.jpg|thumb|Snake Charmers in Kolkata, 1945, by Norman Herfort]]

The early 20th century proved something of a golden age for snake charmers. Governments promoted the practice to draw tourism, and snake charmers were often sent overseas to perform at [[cultural festival]]s and for private patrons. In addition, the charmers provided a valuable source of snake [[venom (poison)|venom]] for creating [[antivenin]]s.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

The practice is no longer legal in India<ref>"[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3388110 India's Snake Charmers Work Around Ban]", NPR, 14 July 2004</ref> following changes to the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972|Wildlife Protection Act]]. The law was originally passed in 1972, and aimed at preventing the export of snakeskins, introducing a seven-year prison term for owning or selling snakes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-feb-21-la-fg-india-snakes-20120222-story.html|title=India snake charmers have identity crisis|date=2012-02-21|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> Beginning in the late 1990s, however, the law was also applied to the snake charmers. As a result, Indian charmers were forced to move their performances to less-travelled areas such as small villages or face legal action.

In 2003, hundreds of snake charmers gathered at the temple of [[Charkhi Dadri]] in Haryana to bring international attention to their plight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20031117-snake-charming-illegal-in-india-panchayat-demands-land-and-job-from-govt-791437-2003-11-17|title=Snake charmers' panchayat demand alternative as govt declare art illegal|date=17 November 2003|first=Supriya|last=Bezbaruah|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-07-08}}</ref> In December of the following year, a group of snake charmers stormed the legislature of the Indian state of [[Odisha]] with their demands while brandishing their animals. The Indian government and various animal-rights groups have acknowledged the problem. One suggested solution is to train the performers to be snake handlers, capturing and removing venomous snakes from city and suburban gardens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139086119/in-india-snake-charmers-are-losing-their-sway|title=In India, Snake Charmers Are Losing Their Sway|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> In return, they could sell their traditional medicines as souvenirs. Another proposal would try to focus attention on the snake charmers' music and treat them like other street musicians.

==Performance==
[[File:2018 Feb 12 - Snake Charmers in Varanasi India.jpg|thumb|Snake charmers in [[Varanasi]], India]]

Snake charmers typically walk the streets holding their serpents in baskets or pots hanging from a bamboo pole slung over the shoulder. Charmers cover these containers with cloths between performances. Dress in India, Pakistan and neighbouring countries is generally the same: long hair, a white turban, earrings, and necklaces of shells or beads. Once the performer finds a satisfactory location to set up, he sets his pots and baskets about him (often with the help of a team of assistants who may be his apprentices) and sits cross-legged on the ground in front of a closed pot or basket. He removes the lid, then begins playing a flute-like instrument made from a [[gourd]], known as a ''been'' or ''[[pungi]]''. As if drawn by the tune, a snake eventually emerges from the container; if a cobra, it may even extend its [[hood (cobra anatomy)|hood]].

In the [[Western world]], snake charming is very different. Western-style snake charmers use [[Python (genus)|pythons]] and [[boa constrictor]]s for their performances as they are not venomous. Western-style snake charmers do not use a musical instrument; instead they perform dance routines involving the snakes.{{cn|date=December 2024}} These performances may be seen at carnivals, [[Menagerie|menageries]], [[Sideshow|sideshows]], and circuses.<ref name="nickell" />{{rp|252}}

==Snakes==
[[File:Snake charmer performing with cobra near Amber Fort in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.jpg|thumb|Snake charmer performing with a cobra near Amber Fort in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.]]
Traditionally, snake charmers use snakes that they have captured themselves in the wild. This task is not too difficult, as most South Asian and North African snakes tend to be slow movers.

The exact species of serpents used varies by region. In India, the [[Indian cobra]] is preferred, though some charmers may also use [[Daboia|Russell's viper]]s. [[Indian python|Indian]] and [[Burmese python]]s, and even [[Boiga dendrophila|mangrove snake]]s are also encountered, though they are not as popular.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
In North Africa, the [[Egyptian cobra]], [[Bitis arietans|puff adder]], [[Echis|carpet viper]] and [[Cerastes cerastes|horned desert viper]] are commonly featured in performances.<ref name=exploit>Highfield, Andy C. and Bayley, Jane R. [https://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/exploit.html "Folklore, Myth, and Exploitation of snakes in Morocco and Tunisia"]. ''Tortoisetrust.org''. Section "Snakes".</ref> In the UK, US and Europe pythons and [[boa constrictor]]s are used to comply with Animal Handling and [[Animal Welfare Act of 1966|Animal Welfare]] Regulations.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

== Ethical concerns ==
At home, snake charmers keep their animals in containers such as baskets, boxes, pots, or sacks.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

For safety, some North African snake charmers stitch closed the mouth of their performing snakes, leaving just enough opening for the animal to be able to move its tongue in and out. Members of the audience in that region believe that the snake's ability to deliver venomous bites comes from its tongue, rather than fangs.<ref name=exploit/> Snakes subjected to this practice soon die of starvation or mouth infection, and must be replaced by freshly caught specimens.<ref name=exploit/> [[Venomoid surgery]] is used in India, where snakes are defanged and have their venom glands incapacitated; as well as having their mouth sewn shut being an option.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@frederic_38110/the-snake-charmers-secret-bd02f1914073|title=The snake charmer's deadly secret|author=Frederic Friedel|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139086119/in-india-snake-charmers-are-losing-their-sway|title=In India, Snake Charmers Are Losing Their Sway|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> They are then also kept in boxes or bags for 30–45 days and dehydrated so that their muscles cramp (making them sluggish) and so that they will drink the milk offered by devotees at festivals (the milk is undigestible to the snake).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arpfindia.org/blog/truth-behind-nag-panchami|title=Truth behind Nag Panchami|year=2013}}</ref>

Methods of dealing with the fangs include expert surgical removal of both the fangs and its replacement fangs, which has been done by some Native American and African snake charmers. This is done in order to prevent regrowth. Upon the loss of its fangs, a snake can quickly regrow them; barring extraordinary measures, pulled fangs are replaced within days. Fangs may also be plugged with wax or other material.<ref name=Murphy>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmYFVB4HW_UC&pg=PA15|title=Secrets of the Snake Charmer: Snakes in the 21st Century|author=John C. Murphy|year=2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781450221276}}</ref>

[[Venomoid surgery]] is employed to remove the risk of injury or death when handled, but is considered unethical and illegal in some cases.<ref>Jeff Miller [http://www.venomousreptiles.org/articles/55 Venomoids: An Overview] ''The Southeastern Hot Herp Society'' March 29, 2001</ref> Most venomoid procedures consist of either removing the venom gland itself, or severing the duct between the gland and the fang. However, the duct and gland have been known to regenerate, and supposedly "safe" snakes have killed mice and successfully envenomated humans.<ref name="snakegetters">{{Cite web |title=Venomoid FAQ - questions and answers about venomoid snakes |url=http://www.snakegetters.com/demo/vet/venomoid-faq.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207055855/http://www.snakegetters.com:80/demo/vet/venomoid-faq.html |archive-date=2017-02-07 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.snakegetters.com}}</ref>

In West Africa, charmers have been observed to treat the snake's body and mouth with herbs that paralyze the jaw muscles and cause inflammation of the venom glands.<ref name = Murphy />

Members of the [[Pakkoku]] clan of Burma tattoo themselves with ink mixed with cobra venom on their upper body in a weekly inoculation which may [[mithridatism|protect]] them from the snake, though there is no scientific evidence of that.<ref name = Murphy />

==Lifestyle==

Snake charming is typically an inherited profession. Most would-be charmers thus begin learning the practice at a young age from their fathers. Members of the [[Sapera (caste)|Sapera]] or Sapuakela castes, snake charmers have little other choice of profession. In fact, entire settlements of snake charmers and their families exist in some parts of India and neighbouring countries.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} In Bangladesh, snake charmers are typically members of the nomadic ethnic group [[Bede people|Bede]]. They tend to live by rivers and use them to boat to different towns on market days and during festivals.

North African charmers usually set up in open-air markets and ''[[souk]]s'' for their performances. In coastal resort towns and near major tourist destinations one can see snake charmers catering to the tourist market, but in most of the region they perform for the local audiences; an important part of their income comes from selling pamphlets containing various magic spells (in particular, of course, against snake bites).<ref name=exploit/>

In previous eras, snake charming was often the charmer's only source of income. This is less true today, as many charmers also scavenge, scrounge, sell items such as amulets and jewelry, or perform at private parties to make ends meet. Snake charmers are often regarded as traditional healers and magicians, as well, especially in rural areas. These charmers concoct and sell all manner of potions and unguents that purportedly do anything from curing the common cold to raising the dead. Villagers and city dwellers alike often call on them to rid of snakes in houses.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" mode="nolines" caption="Snake charming in art">
File:Indischer Maler um 1640 001.jpg|Snakes have long been popular subjects of Hindu art, [[Nāga]], {{abbr|c.|circa}} 1640, ([[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]])
File:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Le charmeur de serpents.jpg|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], ''Le charmeur de serpents'', c. 1879
File:Dunkerque musee BA morillo charmeuse serpents.JPG|[[Daniel Hernández Morillo]], ''La charmeuse de serpents'', 1881
File:Charmeuse De Serpents.jpg|[[Théodore Ralli]], ''[[Boa Charmer in a Harem at Cairo]]'' c. 1882
File:Etienne Dinet - The snake charmer - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Étienne Dinet]], ''The snake charmer'', 1889
File:Serpent Charmers (p.161, November 1865, XXII).jpg|''Serpent Charmers''<ref name=Offering1865>{{cite journal |title=Serpent Charmers |journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering |date=November 1865 |volume=XXII |pages=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VwEAAAAQAAJ |publisher=Wesleyan Mission House |location=London}}</ref>
File:The Young Snake Charmer.jpg|[[Antonio Fabres]], ''The Young Snake Charmer''
File:The Snake Charmer, J-L. Gérôme (New Orleans Mus of Art 15.3).jpg|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], ''The Snake Charmer'', c. 1880-1890
File:The Sacred Serpent.jpg|[[Théodore Ralli]], ''The Sacred Serpent'', c. 1880-1882
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[Venomoid]]
* [[Snake handling in religion|Snake handling]], a religious ritual
* [[Worm charming]]
* [[Snake Shyam]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Snake charming}}
{{Reptiles in culture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Snake Charming}}
[[Category:Culture of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Culture of Egypt]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Culture of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Culture of Morocco]]
[[Category:Snakes]]
[[Category:Culture of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Street performance]]
[[Category:Animal training]]
[[Category:Culture of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Culture of Algeria]]

Mood, Ladakh

2026-05-02T06:00:03Z

MyronMullet1862: added article - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mudh
| other_name = Mud, Mudh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.2045358|N|78.6937618|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nyoma]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 4241
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 675
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [Ladakhi], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 194404
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 902
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mood''' is a village in the [[Changthang district]] of [[Ladakh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |accessdate=2015-07-23 }}</ref> It is located in the [[Nyoma]] [[tehsil]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/ | title=Villages | District Leh, Union Territory of Ladakh | India }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Mood has 127 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 58.22%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/datagov/CDB_PCA_Census/PCA_CDB_0103_F_Census.xls |title=Leh district census |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-07-23 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 675 || 318 || 357
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 79 || 32 || 47
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 675 || 318 || 357
|-
| Literates || 347 || 206 || 141
|-
| Workers (all) || 339 || 181 || 158
|-
| Main workers (total) || 140 || 93 || 47
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 32 || 26 || 6
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 107 || 67 || 40
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 199 || 88 || 111
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 195 || 87 || 108
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
| Non-workers || 336 || 137 || 199
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Leh district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]

Meusar

2026-05-01T23:13:21Z

MyronMullet1862: added stub - done

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Meusar
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption = Meusar (India)
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.7937|N|73.7119|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 16.95
| population_total = 1313
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 November 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Meusar''' is a village in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil of [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], India.

People residing in this village rely on agriculture, consisting of irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Census conducted by the [[Government of India]], the population of this village was 1,313, of which 717 were males and 596 were females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Meusar village as per 2011-Census, conducted by Government of India. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69596-meusar-rajasthan.html |access-date= 18 November 2024}}</ref>
The literacy rate was 50.70%.

Inhabitants of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Meusar village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Meusar Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the most spoken language here.
[[Hindi Language|Hindi]], and [[English Language|English]] are officially used languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Meusar village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97.5|value2=1|value3=1.5|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Meusar village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

==See also==
*[[Jasrasar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Kankhajura

2026-04-30T02:05:37Z

MyronMullet1862: creating a post basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kankhajura_Poster.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = {{Plainlist|*[[Crime film|Crime]]
*[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]}}
| based_on = {{based on|''Magpie''|[[Adam Bizanski]] and [[Omri Shenhar]]}}
| creator =
| developer =
| writer =
| story = Chandan Arora Upendra Sidhaye
| director = [[Chandan Arora]]
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Roshan Mathew]]
*[[Mohit Raina]]
*[[Sarah Jane Dias]]
*[[Trinetra Haldar Gummaraju]]
*[[Kurangi Vijayshri Nagraj]]
}}
| narrator =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 8
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Sameer Khurana
| music =
| producer = Ajay Rai
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
*Rajeev Ravi
*Vinod Illampally
}}
| editor = {{Plainlist|
*Vaishak Ravi
}}
| screenplay =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company = Jar Pictures
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| network2 =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2025|05|30}}
| first_aired2 =
| last_aired2 =
}}

'''''Kankhajura''''' is a 2025 [[Hindi]]-language Indian [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[web series]] streaming on [[SonyLIV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KanKhajura digs deep into darkness |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/kankhajura-digs-deep-into-darkness/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> It is directed by [[Chandan Arora]] and produced by Ajay Rai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Raina Leads Stellar Cast In Kan Khajura: A Thrilling Journey Into The World Of Magpie |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mohit-raina-leads-stellar-cast-in-kan-khajura-a-thrilling-journey-into-the-world-of-magpie-8744938.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-17 |title=Mohit Raina, Roshan Mathew to star in SonyLIV's 'Kan Khajura'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohit-raina-roshan-mathew-to-star-in-sonylivs-kan-khajura/article67747574.ece |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

It stars [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Mohit Raina]], [[Trinetra Haldar Gummaraju]] and [[Sarah-Jane Dias|Sarah Jane Dias]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-17 |title=Mohit Raina, Roshan Mathew, Sarah Jane Dias to star in 'Kan Khajura' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/mohit-raina-roshan-mathew-sarah-jane-dias-to-star-in-kan-khajura-2490012-2024-01-17 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-05-02 |title=KanKhajura teaser: Roshan Mathew is meek and manipulative in Magpie adaptation |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/May/02/kankhajura-teaser-roshan-mathew-is-meek-and-manipulative-in-magpie-adaptation#google_vignette |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> and the series is released on 30 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-02 |title=KanKhajura OTT Release: When And Where To Watch Roshan Mathew, Mohit Raina's Psychological Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/kankhajura-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-roshan-mathew-mohit-raina-psychological-thriller-article-151551476 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=Fragile to Fatal: KanKhajura Teaser Unveiled on Sony LIV |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/fragile-to-fatal-kankhajura-teaser-unveiled-on-sony-liv-1878588 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kankhajura Trailer: Mohit Raina, Roshan Mathew reunite as estranged brothers with a dark past, revengeful present, and uncertain future – Watch |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/kankhajura-trailer-mohit-raina-roshan-mathew-reunite-as-estranged-brothers-with-a-dark-past-revengeful-present-and-uncertain-future-watch-7834075/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>
It's an official adaptation of the Israeli TV series ''Magpie'' by [[Adam Bizanski]] and Omri Shenhar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Raina, Roshan Mathew and Sarah Jane Dias to star in Indian remake of Israeli Drama 'Magpie'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/indian-remake-of-israeli-drama-magpie-mohit-raina-roshan-mathew-sarah-jane-dias/articleshow/106921339.cms|date=2024-01-17 |website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Jesse|last= Whittock|title=Indian Streamer SonyLIV To Adapt Yes Studios' Israeli Crime Drama 'Magpie'|url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/sonyliv-india-adapts-magpie-fauda-your-honor-yes-studios-israel-1235563515/|date=2023-10-03 |website=Deadline|language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
After serving 14 years for a crime from his youth, Ashu returns to reconnect with his brother Max. As they struggle to rebuild trust, Ashu's dark past and dangerous connections resurface, threatening Max's life and business. A gripping story of family, redemption, and the shadows that never truly fade.

== Cast ==
*[[Roshan Mathew]] as Ashu <ref>{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2025-05-27 |title=Roshan Mathew interview: On 'Kankhajura' and feeling at home in Hindi cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/roshan-mathew-kankhajura-sony-liv-malayalam-film-industry-bollywood-ronth-web-series/article69624282.ece |access-date=2025-05-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
*[[Mohit Raina]] as Max <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=KanKhajura trailer: Roshan Mathew, Mohit Raina play brothers with a mysterious dark past in Magpie's Indian adaptation. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kankhajura-trailer-roshan-andrews-mohit-raina-play-brothers-with-mysterious-dark-past-10019571/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Sarah-Jane Dias|Sarah Jane Dias]] as Nisha
*[[Trinetra Haldar Gummaraju|Trinetra Haldar]] as Aimee <ref>{{Cite news |title=Trinetra Haldar says she manifested working with Roshan Mathew in Kankhajura, recalls being nervous on first day |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/trinetra-haldar-says-she-manifested-working-with-roshan-mathew-in-kankhajura-recalls-being-nervous-on-first-day-101748102376417.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
*[[Ninad Kamat]] As Pedro
*[[Mahesh Shetty]] As Shardul
*Heeba Shah As DSP Leena Naik <ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2025-05-21 |title='Kankhajura' trailer: Mohit Raina and Roshan Mathew play brothers with a troubled past |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1082620/kankhajura-trailer-mohit-raina-and-roshan-mathew-play-brothers-with-a-troubled-past |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Usha Nadkarni]] As Mrs. Deshmukh
*[[Kurangi Vijayshri Nagraj]]

== Release ==
Kankhajura was released on 30 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kankhajura Web Series (2025) {{!}} OTT Release Date, Seasons, Episodes, Cast, Coming Soon on SonyLiv |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/shows/kankhajura-883631.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=KanKhajura Trailer: Mohit Raina, Roshan Mathew Lead Gritty Psychological Drama About Estranged Brothers - Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/kankhajura-trailer-mohit-raina-roshan-mathew-lead-gritty-psychological-drama-about-estranged-brothers-watch-article-151689422 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> The official trailer was unveiled on 21 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KanKhajura Trailer Out: Mohit Raina And Sarah Jane Tease Dark Tale Of Memory And Madness |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/kankhajura-trailer-out-mohit-raina-and-sarah-jane-tease-dark-tale-of-memory-and-madness-2904316.html |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-05-21 |title=खोलवर दडलेली गुपितं आणि अपराधीभाव… 'कानखजुरा'चा ट्रेलर पाहून वाटेल भूतकाळाची भीती |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/sony-live-original-series-kankhajura-trailer-out-releasing-on-30-may-psn14 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that " While the show is filled with good performances -- everyone does their job well -- the writing doesn’t surprise as much as it could have. There’s also the standard difficulty of everything becoming a stretch."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhra|first=Gupta|date=2025-05-30 |title=Kankhajura review: Roshan Mathew holds our attention, and keeps us there lens|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kankhajura-review-roshan-mathew-holds-our-attention-and-keeps-us-there-10038220/|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
Abhimanyu Mathur of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and writes that "Kankhajura is anything but lazy. It is original, too, marrying the essence of Magpie with the soul of Goa and the heart of desi storytelling. This show proves that if done right, even a remake can be one of the best shows of the year."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur|first=Abhimanyu|date=2025-05-30 |title=Kankhajura review: A Roshan Mathew masterclass in acting makes this Magpie remake almost better than the original|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/kankhajura-review-a-roshan-mathew-masterclass-in-acting-makes-this-magpie-remake-better-than-original-mohit-raina-101748577304201.html|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3.5/5 stars and observes that "Kankhajura may not be an edge-of-your-seat thriller, but it is a thoughtful, character-driven drama with enough intrigue and depth to keep you invested across its eight episodes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khurana|first=Archika|date=2025-05-30 |title=Kankhajura Season 1 Review : A slow-burn thriller with emotional depth|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/kankhajura/kankhajura-season-1/seasonreview/121420588.cms|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

[[Deepa Gahlot]] writing for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' commented that "Roshan Mathew correctly tempers Ashu’s evil with a vulnerability that would have been touching if the consequences of his actions had been less destructive. Mohit Raina starts with a stylish confidence that turns to bafflement and then desperation, and he carries off the role well."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gahlot|first=Deepa|date=2025-05-30 |title='Kankhajura' review: An engaging look at insidious evil|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1082873/kankhajura-review-an-engaging-look-at-insidious-evil|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=scroll.in|language=en}}</ref>
Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that " 'Kankhajura' is a psychological thriller that explores family tension and emotional manipulation. Despite strong performances, the series falters with a rushed and less impactful ending."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=2025-05-30 |title='Kankhajura review: Mohit-Roshan's thriller grips early but falters in climax|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/kankhajura-review-mohit-raina-roshan-matthews-thriller-strong-performances-weak-ending-2733144-2025-05-30|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and said that "Kankhajura swings between pulsating and predictable. The performances are impressive but at times you end up being one step ahead of the people who try their best to deceive your wits. It even has a tinge of humour and happens to be a harmless watch."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur|first=Vinamra|date=2025-05-30 |title='Kankhajura' web-series review: Mohit Raina and Roshan Mathew's thriller swings between pulsating and predictable
|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kankhajura-web-series-review-mohit-raina-and-roshan-mathews-thriller-swings-between-pulsating-and-predictable-13892923.html|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>

Mayur Sanap of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated 2/5 stars and said that "Kankhajura could have been so much better given its initial promise."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanap|first=Mayur|date=2025-05-30 |title=Kankhajura Review: Tepid Thriller
|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kankhajura-review-tepid-thriller/20250530.htm|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Rediff.com|language=en}}</ref>
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' commented that "The eight-episode drama lacks the craft to pull off a compelling premise."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai|first=Rahul|date=2025-05-30 |title='Kankhajura' Series Review: A Solid Roshan Mathew Cannot Rescue a Scrambled Remake
|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/kankhajura-series-review-a-solid-roshan-mathew-cannot-rescue-a-scrambled-remake|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India|language=en}}</ref>
Subhash K Jha writing for ''[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that "Kankhajura has its dosage of deficits. Some of the action in the closing episodes looks stagey and tacky, and one involving gas cylinders is an embarrassment. But with Roshan Mathew’s OTT-defining performance—yes, we have not seen anything like this on any streamer–the series holds together very ably. As far as slow burn crime dramas go, this one scorches."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha|first=Subhash K|date=2025-05-30 |title=Kankhajura Review: Ajay Rai's Series Is Anchored By An Exceptional Performance By Roshan Matthew|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/kankhajura-review-ajay-rais-series-is-anchored-by-an-exceptional-performance-by-roshan-matthew/574305/|access-date=2025-05-30 |website=News 24|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt30820007|title=Kankhajura}}

[[Category:SonyLIV original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:International television series based on Israeli television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]

Sham Lal Sharma

2026-04-21T11:50:44Z

MyronMullet1862: Made Bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Jammu North Assembly constituency|Jammu North]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Sham Lal Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Jammu North Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Jammu North, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Sham Lal Sharma defeats JKNC's Ajay Kumar Sadhotra with 20797 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/jammu-north-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612957-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Jammu North Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/jammu-north-election-result-2024-live-update-9077464.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He represented Akhnoor Constituency in 2004 By Elections and 2008 State Elections, also served as Cabinet Minister in NC-Congress Led Coalition Government 2009-2014

== See also ==
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Sham Lal}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jammu]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2002–2008]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2008–2014]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{JammuKashmir-BJP-politician-stub}}

Swapna Das Paul

2026-04-21T10:32:46Z

MyronMullet1862: Made A Pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
'''Swapna Das Paul''' (born 1975) is an Indian politician from [[Tripura]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-02-14 |title=Swapna Das Paul |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/politics/swapna-das-paul/articleshow/97927013.cms |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is an MLA from [[Surma Assembly constituency]] which is a reserved constituency for Scheduled Caste community in [[Dhalai district]]. She represented [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and won the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapna Das Paul in Tripura Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/swapna-das-paul-surma-candidate-s23a046c001/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Paul is from [[Kamalpur, Tripura Assembly constituency|Kamalpur]], West Tripura. She married Paritosh Paul, a businessman. She passed her Class 12 exam conducted by Tripura Board of Secondary Education.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Swapna Das (paul)(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SURMA : BYE ELECTION ON 23-06-2022(DHALAI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/tripura2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=6101 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Paul won the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Surma Assembly constituency]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0" /> She polled 17,313 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Anjan Das of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] by 4,838 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, she won the June 2022 bye election from Surma Assembly constituency<ref name=":1" /> defeating independent candidate Baburam Satnami by a margin of 4583 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=BJP bags 3 seats in Tripura bypolls, CM Manik Saha wins from Town Bordowali |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/bjp-bags-3-seats-in-tripura-bypolls-cm-manik-saha-wins-from-town-bordowali-122062600449_1.html |access-date=21 April 2026 |website=Business Standard}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Swapna Das}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:People from Dhalai district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]

K. Rani (politician)

2026-04-19T22:11:10Z

MyronMullet1862: creating some entry with sources - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Rani
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 19 May 1958
| birth_place = [[Namakkal]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Rasipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rasipuram]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| marital status =
| education = M.A.,
B.Ed
| children = 1
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 22 September
| year = 2007
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=4061
}}

'''K. Rani''' (born 19 May 1958) was a member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] of [[India]]. She represented the [[Rasipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rasipuram]] constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]] from 2004 to 2009, which was [[Reservation in India|reserved]] for candidates from the [[Scheduled Castes]]. She also served as [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] from [[Talavasal]] assembly constituency between 1996 - 2001.

==Positions held==
Rani was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in the [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996 state elections]] as a candidate of the TMC. She had contested the [[Talavasal (State Assembly Constituency)|Talavasal constituency]], which was reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India |page=7 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1996 for the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu |accessdate=2017-05-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf |archivedate= 7 October 2010 }}</ref> She served a full term in the Assembly, to 2001, and was a Member of the Committee on Empowerment of Women.

Rani was elected as an INC MP from the Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency, which was also reserved for the Scheduled Castes, in the 14th Lok Sabha elections. She was also selected as a Member of the Committee on Health & Family Welfare from 5 Aug. 2007 onwards. From 16 August 2006 onwards she was a Member on the Committee on Empowerment of Women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=4061 |title=Rani, Smt. K. |publisher=Lok Sabha |accessdate=2 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617071704/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=4061 |archivedate=17 June 2012 }}</ref>

The INC nominated Rani to stand in the [[2014 Indian general election|elections]] for the [[15th Lok Sabha]], this time from the seat of [[Villupuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Villupuram]]. Her previous constituency of Rasipuram had ceased to exist due to boundary changes.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |title=Rani, Congress' Villupuram candidate |date=31 March 2014 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/rani-congress-villupuram-candidate/article5852158.ece |accessdate=2017-05-09}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rani, K.}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Tamil Maanila Congress politicians]]
[[Category:People from Namakkal district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]

C. V. Raman Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:57Z

MyronMullet1862: Created a pg!

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = C. V. Raman Nagar
|state = [[Karnataka]]
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 161
| map_image = 161-C. V. Raman Nagar constituency.svg
|map_caption =
|map_alt =
|district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Central]]
|established = 2008
|reservation = None
|mla = [[S. Raghu]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|electors = {{formatnum:271340}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
'''CV Raman Nagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. It is a part of [[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= October 9, 2017}}</ref> As of 2023, its representative is [[S. Raghu]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|7}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|colspan=4 |Before 2008: ''Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2008-election-results.html|title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2008|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2008|title=Assembly Election Results in 2008, Karnataka|website=traceall.in|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081428/https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|rowspan=4|[[S. Raghu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html|title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2013|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2013|title=Assembly Election Results in 2013, Karnataka|website=traceall.in|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081426/https://elections.traceall.in/Karnataka-vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=List of elected members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly |url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14assemblymemberslist.htm |work=kar.nic|access-date=October 9, 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : C. V. Raman Nagar <ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: C.V. Raman Nagar">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: C.V. Raman Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10161.htm?ac=161 |access-date=11 April 2025 |work= |agency=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411062949/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10161.htm?ac=161 |archive-date=11 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Raghu]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 69,228 |percentage = 53.53% |change = {{increase}}8.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Kumar. S |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 52,833 |percentage = 40.85% |change = {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Dasari |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 2,967 |percentage = 2.29% |change = {{increase}}0.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,999 |percentage = 1.55% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chaitra. G |party = Uttama Prajaakeeya Party |votes = 892 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,395 |percentage = 12.68% |change = {{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,392 |percentage = 47.69% |change = {{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 129,325}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 271,340 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : C. V. Raman Nagar }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Raghu]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,887 |percentage = 44.61% |change = {{decrease}}14.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Sampath Raj |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,660 |percentage = 35.35% |change = {{decrease}}14.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramesh |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 20,478 |percentage = 15.51% |change = {{increase}}12.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,261 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Dasari |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,956 |percentage = 1.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,227 |percentage = 9.26% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 132,042 |percentage = 49.08% |change = {{decrease}}4.77 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 132,011}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 269,010 |ref = |change = {{increase}}36.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}14.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : C. V. Raman Nagar <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Raghu]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 53,364 |percentage = 58.71% |change = {{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramesh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,945 |percentage = 49.45% |change = {{increase}}15.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. Hemalatha Suresh Raj |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,174 |percentage = 3.49% |change = {{decrease}}6.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Ravi Kumar |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 1,058 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shivashankar |party = Independent politician |votes = 822 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. T. Srinivas |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 645 |percentage = 0.71% |change = {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,419 |percentage = 9.26% |change = {{decrease}}9.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,185 |percentage = 53.85% |change = {{increase}}13.18 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,895}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,180 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}10.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : C. V. Raman Nagar <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Raghu]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,369 |percentage = 53.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. C Vijayakumar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,714 |percentage = 34.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Manohar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 8,711 |percentage = 9.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. T. Srinivas |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,044 |percentage = 1.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = I. Venkatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 879 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Gopi |party = Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha |votes = 611 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,655 |percentage = 18.64% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,334 |percentage = 40.67% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,328}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 219,661 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bangalore Urban district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|12.983|77.662|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Jyothi Edula

2026-04-19T16:54:22Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Jyothi Edula
| full_name = Edula Jyothi Reddy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|5|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| height =
| weight =
| position = Midfielder
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Telangana Hockey
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| medaltemplates =
}}
'''Edula Jyothi Reddy''' (born 30 May 2002)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jyothi Edula - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/jyothi-edula-profile-3881 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> is an Indian field hockey player from [[Telangana]]. She plays for the [[India women's national field hockey team]] as a midfielder. She plays for [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railway Sports Promotion Board]] and Telangana Hockey in the domestic tournaments. She played four matches for [[Rarh Bengal Tigers|Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers]] in the [[Hockey India League|Hero Hockey India League 2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jyothi Edula - Hockey India League - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindialeague.com/players/jyothi-edula-profile-11642 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=hockeyindialeague.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-10-15 |title=Hockey India League, Women's Auction 2024-25: Full list of sold and unsold players |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hockey-india-league-women-auction-2024-25-sold-unsold-players-price-complete-list-hil-teams-news-details/article68755242.ece |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-16 |title=Hockey India League Players' Auction: Full squad list of four women's teams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/hockey-india-league-players-auction-full-squad-list-of-four-womens-teams/articleshow/114270668.cms |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Jyothi was selected to the senior India team in June 2024 for the 2023-24 FIH women's Hockey Pro League but she is yet to make her debut in the playing XI. Earlier, she was also part of the Indian Junior Women's team that took part in the FIH Junior World Cup for women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edula Jyothi {{!}} India hockey player |url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/junior-world-cup/women/2023-fih-junior-world-cup-w-1508/player/edula-jyothi-27322 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=International Hockey Federation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-04-08 |title=Hockey India goes with tried-and-tested in picking core probables for women's national camp |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hockey-india-goes-with-tried-and-tested-in-picking-core-probables-for-womens-national-camp/article68042273.ece |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Edula, Jyothi}}

[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Telangana]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey midfielders]]
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

{{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

Deccan Airways

2026-04-16T06:28:54Z

MyronMullet1862: Created new info!

{{Short description|Defunct airline based in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Distinguish|Air Deccan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox airline
| airline = Deccan Airways
| image = AirTicket Deccan Airways 1952 1.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| IATA =
| ICAO =
| callsign =
| type =
| founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1945|09}}<ref>{{cite web|title=A tome on the aviation history of the Deccan|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2001/05/26/stories/0426403g.htm|work= [[The Hindu]]|access-date= 15 February 2019 |date= 26 May 2001}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| commenced = July 1946
| ceased = 1953
| bases =
| hubs = [[Begumpet Airport]]
| secondary_hubs =
| focus_cities =
| frequent_flyer =
| lounge =
| alliance =
| subsidiaries =
| fleet_size =
| destinations =
| parent =
| company_slogan =
| headquarters = [[Hyderabad]]
| key_people =
| website =
}}

'''Deccan Airways Limited''' was a commercial airline based at [[Begumpet Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Civil Aviation News|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%200075.html| publisher= [[FlightGlobal]]|access-date= 15 February 2019 |date= 10 January 1946}}</ref> in the former [[Hyderabad State]] in India. It was owned by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] and [[Tata Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Story of Flight |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-story-of-flight/494593/0| publisher= [[The Indian Express]]|access-date= 15 February 2019 |date= 27 July 2009}}</ref>

==History==
Founded in 1945, Deccan was one of the nine airlines that existed in India during independence. The airline was a [[joint venture]] of [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam Government]] of the Hyderabad State and Tata Airlines. 71% of Deccan Airways was owned by the Nizam's Government and the rest by Tata Sons and others. Commercial operations were launched with a fleet of three aircraft in July 1946, operating a biweekly service between [[Chennai International Airport|Madras]] and [[Safdarjung Airport|Delhi]] via [[Begumpet Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Nagpur]], [[Raja Bhoj Airport|Bhopal]], and [[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior]]. It also flew a biweekly Hyderabad-[[HAL Airport|Bangalore]] flight.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 1946 |title=Brevities |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201496.html |access-date=15 February 2019 |publisher=[[FlightGlobal]]}}</ref> By March 1947, the airline had seven aircraft in its fleet and was operating the Madras-Delhi flight daily as well as a daily Hyderabad-[[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Bombay]] flight.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 March 1947 |title=Civil Aviation News |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%200356.html |access-date=15 February 2019 |publisher=[[FlightGlobal]]}}</ref> Between July 1946 and May 1947, the airline had carried more than eleven thousand passengers, 51 tonnes of freight, and almost seven tonnes of mail.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 August 1947 |title=Brevities |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%201316.html |access-date=15 February 2019 |publisher=[[FlightGlobal]]}}</ref>
[[File:The seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, alongwith some close aides ready to take his first test ride in a Dakota from Begumpet airport .jpg|thumb|300px|right|The seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, along with some aides takes his first ride in a Deccan Airways Dakota from Begumpet airport]]

==Post-Annexation==
After the September 1948 [[Operation Polo]], a [[military operation]] through which India annexed Hyderabad State, the airline was owned by the [[Government of India]]. By 1952, the Government of India held 78% of the shares of Deccan Airways. The shares were acquired from the Hyderabad Government & [[Nizam's State Railways|Nizam State Railways]]. 13% of the shares was still held by [[Tatas]] & 9% by the general public.<ref>{{cite web|title=Economic Weekly|url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1952_4/13/deccan_airways.pdf|publisher= The Economic Weekly|access-date= 13 September 2014|date=29 March 1952}}</ref>

==Nationalisation==
In 1953, Deccan Airways Limited, along with seven other airlines under the ''Air Corporations Act,'' were merged to form a single domestic carrier, [[Indian Airlines]]. On 10 October 1953, Deccan Airways resigned its associate membership of [[IATA]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyderabad, The City Of Wings As Well |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Hyderabad-The-City-Of-Wings-As-Well/2014/03/15/article2110181.ece1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021844/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Hyderabad-The-City-Of-Wings-As-Well/2014/03/15/article2110181.ece1|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2014|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=15 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=100 Years of Civil Aviation in India - Milestones|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=69345|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=25 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A tome on the aviation history of the Deccan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/05/26/stories/0426403g.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140823051234/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/05/26/stories/0426403g.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 August 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commercial Aviation in India: A Multifaceted Story|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories3267_Commercial_Aviation_India_Multifaceted_Story.htm|publisher=India Strategic|date=March 2014|access-date=23 August 2014|archive-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626013308/http://indiastrategic.in/topstories3267_Commercial_Aviation_India_Multifaceted_Story.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PM Reddy: An aviator and engineer par excellence|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/PM-Reddy-An-aviator-and-engineer-par-excellence/articleshow/34607401.cms|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=4 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= IATA Bulletin, Volume 15-22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_Y9AQAAIAAJ&q=deccan+airways+limited+begumpet |publisher= International Air Transport Association|access-date=10 Sep 2009|year= 1952}}</ref>

==Fleet==
When Deccan was merged with [[Indian Airlines]] in 1953, it had a fleet of thirteen Douglas [[DC-3]] 'Dakota' aircraft. The DC-3 aircraft were brought from [[US Air Force]] at a throw away price after they were left unused in Assam after World War II.

== Accidents and incidents ==

*5 April 1950: A Deccan Airways C-47A (registration VT-CJD) crashed at [[Hatiara]] while attempting to return to [[Dum Dum Airport]] after an engine failed, killing all three crew;<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-CJD|id=19500405-0|access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>
*21 November 1951: A Deccan Airways C-47A (registration VT-AUO) crashed near [[Dum Dum Airport]] while attempting to land in extremely poor visibility conditions, killing all four crew and 12 of 13 passengers.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-AUO|id=19511121-0|access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DgRFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&dq=calcutta%20plane&pg=5915%2C5319129 |title=16 Killed in Air Crash Near Calcutta |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |location=[[Uttar Pradesh]], India |page=1 |date=November 22, 1951 |accessdate=July 20, 2025 |via=[[Google News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-16-die-in-plane-cras/177119574/ |title=16 Die in Plane Crash |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |page=8 |date=November 22, 1951 |accessdate=July 20, 2025 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref>
*19 February 1952: A Deccan Airways C-47A (registration VT-AXE) crashed on landing at [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Sonegaon Airport]] due to pilot error and possible misread altimeter, killing three of 16 on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-AXE|id=19520219-0|access-date=18 May 2013}}</ref>
*30 April 1952: A Deccan Airways C-47A (registration VT-AUN) crashed at [[Safdarjung Airport]], Delhi, due to engine failure, killing four crew and five passengers.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=VT-AUN|id=19520430-0|access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>

{{commons}}

==See also ==
*[[:Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Airlines of India |state=collapsed}}

{{Commercial aviation}}
{{Portal bar|Aviation}}

[[Category:Airlines established in 1945]]
[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 1953]]
[[Category:Defunct airlines of India]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Indian Airlines]]
[[Category:Air India]]
[[Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1945]]
[[Category:1953 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Tata Group]]

Kishanganj, Rajasthan Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:20Z

MyronMullet1862: creating new info basic info

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{For|constituency in Bihar|Kishanganj, Bihar Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kishanganj - Shahbad
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-194-Kishanganj.svg
| mla = [[Lalit Meena]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Baran district|Baran]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:231679}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 194
}}
'''Kishanganj Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Baran district|Baran]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| N. Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Ram Gopal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Narangi Devi
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Har Sahai Meena
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Heera Lal Sahariya
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Hemraj Meena
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan=2|Heera Lal Sahariya
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Hemraj Meena
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Nirmala Sahariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Lalit Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Nirmala Sahariya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Lalit Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Kishanganj<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2023 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 3 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lalit Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:101857}}
|percentage = 53.43
|change = +10.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Nirmala Sahariya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:79576}}
|percentage = 41.74
|change = -9.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2322}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change = -0.57
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22281}}
|percentage = 11.69
|change = +3.37
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190636}}
|percentage = 82.28
|change = +2.37
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Kishanganj<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Nirmala Sahariya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:87765}}
|percentage = 51.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lalit Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:73629}}
|percentage = 43.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Radhakishan Meena
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2193}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3034}}
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14136}}
|percentage = 8.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169950}}
|percentage = 79.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Kishanganj<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2013 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 30 April 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Lalit Meena]]
|party = BJP
|votes = 64442
|percentage = 46.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Chhatri Bai
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51,460
|percentage = 36.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Bharat Maran
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 9,101
|percentage = 6.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Neeraj Meena
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 5,695
|percentage = 4.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,400
|percentage = 2.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2008]]: Kishanganj<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2008/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="delimitation2008"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Nirmala Sahariya
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 52578
|percentage = 51.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Hemraj Meena
|party = BJP
|votes = 36,200
|percentage = 35.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Jagdish
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 3589
|percentage = 3.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Sobha
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 3349
|percentage = 3.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Baran district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.12|76.63|display=title}}

[[Category:Baran district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Ulhasnagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:36Z

MyronMullet1862: Made New Details!

{{short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ulhasnagar
| type = SLA
| map_image = 141-Ulhasnagar.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = 141
| established = 1962
| reservation = 
| incumbent_image = Kumar ailani mla ulhasnagar 141.jpg
| abolished =
| mla = [[Kumar Ailani]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors =283,486
}}
'''Ulhasnagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> The constituency is dominated by the [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/marathi-vs-sindhi-in-ulhasnagar-elections-4514830/|title = Marathi vs Sindhi in Ulhasnagar elections|date = 9 February 2017}}</ref>

==Overview==
Ulhasnagar constituency is one of the 18 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Thane district]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|access-date=5 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archive-date=18 March 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It comprises part of the [[Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation]] and parts of Ulhasnagar and Kalyan [[tehsil]]s of the district.

Ulhasnagar is part of [[Kalyan Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Thane district, namely, [[Mumbra-Kalwa Assembly constituency|Mumbra-Kalwa]], [[Ambernath Assembly constituency|Ambernath]], [[Kalyan East Assembly constituency|Kalyan East]], [[Kalyan Rural Assembly constituency|Kalyan Rural]] and [[Dombivali Assembly constituency|Dombivali]].<ref name=ceo/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable."
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2| Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Parcharam Ailani
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2"| Sanmukh Israni
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| rowspan="3"| Sitaldas Harchandani
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Pappu Kalani|Suresh "Pappu" Kalani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India (A)}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Kumar Ailani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Jyoti Kalani|Jyoti Pappu Kalani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Rowspan=2|[[Kumar Ailani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref name="Ulhasnagar Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Ulhasnagar Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/ulhasnagar |access-date=25 December 2024 |publisher=The Times of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225052425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/ulhasnagar |archive-date=25 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kumar Ailani|Kumar Uttamchand Ailani]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 82,231 |percentage = 53.59% |change={{increase}}11.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Omie Pappu Kalani |party=Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 51,477 |percentage = 33.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay K Gupta |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 7,473 |percentage = 4.87% |change={{decrease}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhagwan Shankar Bhalerao |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 4,969 |percentage = 3.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bharat Ramchand Rajwani (Gangotri) |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,821 |percentage = 1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,759 |percentage = 1.15% |change={{decrease}}3.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayani Mannu |party=Nagrik Vikas Party |votes = 1,140 |percentage = 0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Hitesh Jaikishan Jeswani |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,030 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,754 |percentage = 20.04% |change= {{increase}}18.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 155,202 |percentage = 54.75% |change= {{increase}}7.76 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 153,443}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 283,486|ref = |change= {{increase}}21.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kumar Ailani|Kumar Uttamchand Ailani]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,666 |percentage = 41.74% |change={{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Jyoti Kalani|Jyoti Pappu Kalani]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 41,662 |percentage = 39.82% |change={{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhagwan Shankar Bhalerao |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,260 |percentage = 7.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sajan Singh Labana |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,689 |percentage = 5.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,978 |percentage = 4.76% |change={{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Rajendra Sahebrao Bhalerao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 941 |percentage = 0.90% |change={{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Siddhart R. Sable |party=Independent politician |votes = 705 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,004 |percentage = 1.92% |change= {{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 109,632 |percentage = 46.99% |change= {{increase}}9.16 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 104,623}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 233,324|ref = |change= {{decrease}}28.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}6.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Jyoti Kalani|Jyoti Pappu Kalani]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 43,760 |percentage = 35.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kumar Ailani|Kumar Uttamchand Ailani]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,897 |percentage = 33.90% |change={{decrease}}8.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bodare Dhananjay Baburao |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 23,868 |percentage = 19.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Ramsingh Kandare |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,976 |percentage = 2.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Prakash Panjumal Kukreja |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 2,933 |percentage = 2.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Sandeep (Bhau) Pandit |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,909 |percentage = 2.35% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sachin Kadam |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,353 |percentage = 1.09% |change={{decrease}}8.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,308 |percentage = 1.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,863 |percentage = 1.51% |change= {{decrease}}5.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 124,944 |percentage = 38.25% |change= {{increase}}0.75 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,586}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 326,684|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.98 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009|url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf|access-date=26 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kumar Ailani|Kumar Uttamchand Ailani]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 45,257 |percentage = 42.38% |change={{increase}}4.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pappu Kalani|Suresh @ Pappu Budharmal Kalani]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 37,719 |percentage = 35.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv.Sambhaji Maroti Patil |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 10,030 |percentage = 9.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raju Rambhau Sonawane |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 3,699 |percentage = 3.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandye Anil Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,764 |percentage = 2.59% |change={{decrease}}1.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sher Jamakhan Jakir Hussen Jakir |party=Peace Party (India) |votes = 1,393 |percentage = 1.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hingorani Manish Inder |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,190 |percentage = 1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,538 |percentage = 7.06% |change= {{decrease}}26.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,779 |percentage = 37.08% |change= {{decrease}}0.41 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,778}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 287,964|ref = |change= {{decrease}}26.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kumar Ailani|Kumar Uttamchand Ailani]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 55,397 |percentage = 37.88% |change={{increase}}8.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karotiya Radhacharan Ramkisan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,615 |percentage = 4.52% |change={{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonawane Ramabhau Raju |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,201 |percentage = 0.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Alias Pappu Kalani |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,068 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Arjun Patil |party=Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 976 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 48,782 |percentage = 33.36% |change= {{decrease}}1.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,270 |percentage = 37.50% |change= {{increase}}12.90 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 146,241}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 390,065|ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Native People's Party |swing= {{decrease}}26.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pappu Kalani|Suresh @ Pappu Budharmal Kalani]] |party=Native People's Party |votes = 63,931 |percentage = 64.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sitaldas Khubchand Harchandani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,618 |percentage = 29.69% |change={{increase}}8.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shankar Hotchand Panjvani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,133 |percentage = 2.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shekhar Sudhakar Bhalerao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,686 |percentage = 1.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Kamble D. D. |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,441 |percentage = 1.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalani Jyoti Suresh (Pappu) |party=Independent politician |votes = 680 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,313 |percentage = 34.39% |change= {{increase}}0.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 102,883 |percentage = 25.36% |change= {{decrease}}15.95 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,764}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 405,656|ref = |change= {{increase}}1.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Native People's Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}8.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pappu Kalani|Suresh @ Pappu Budharmal Kalani]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 90,479 |percentage = 55.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mirapuri Teckchand Thanwardas |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,145 |percentage = 21.69% |change={{decrease}}5.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tolani Ram Assudomal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,194 |percentage = 9.99% |change={{decrease}}59.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Jamil Ahamed Juber |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 14,089 |percentage = 8.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Alex D'Silva |party=Janata Dal |votes = 1,106 |percentage = 0.68% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 55,334 |percentage = 34.15% |change= {{decrease}}8.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 165,036 |percentage = 41.30% |change= {{decrease}}18.18 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 162,027}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 399,597|ref = |change= {{increase}}82.40 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pappu Kalani|Suresh @ Pappu Budharmal Kalani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 88,804 |percentage = 69.02% |change={{increase}}25.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Harchandani Sitaldas Khubchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 34,549 |percentage = 26.85% |change={{decrease}}17.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. B. More |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 2,383 |percentage = 1.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bodha Ashok Ukaram |party=Janata Dal |votes = 1,506 |percentage = 1.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 54,255 |percentage = 42.17% |change= {{increase}}41.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 130,474 |percentage = 59.56% |change= {{increase}}4.50 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,665}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 219,079|ref = |change= {{increase}}38.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}24.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Harchandani Sitaldas Khubchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 38,159 |percentage = 44.45% |change={{decrease}}9.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tolani Ram Assudomal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 37,354 |percentage = 43.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Ramakant Rajun |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,545 |percentage = 2.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Wagh Damu Namdev |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,106 |percentage = 2.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bachhav Ashok Bjikaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,886 |percentage = 2.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pradhan Daswantrao Sukhdev |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 1.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Bhanji Bhikari |party=Independent politician |votes = 930 |percentage = 1.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 805 |percentage = 0.94% |change= {{decrease}}12.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,118 |percentage = 55.03% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,853}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,311|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Harchandani Sitaldas Khubchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,198 |percentage = 54.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Baharani Gope Varyaldas |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,304 |percentage = 40.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sadaphule B. M. |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,736 |percentage = 2.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. K. Sharma |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 1,212 |percentage = 1.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,894 |percentage = 13.66% |change= {{decrease}}13.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,979 |percentage = 48.08% |change= {{decrease}}14.98 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,115}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,228|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.86 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Harchandani Sitaldas Khub Chand |party=Janata Party |votes = 39,309 |percentage = 56.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ailani Parcharam Kewalram |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes = 20,379 |percentage = 29.50% |change={{increase}}17.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandnani Jumdomal Chhugomal |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,479 |percentage = 3.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sasane Vithalrao Buhaji |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,452 |percentage = 3.55% |change={{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. J. Shinde |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,571 |percentage = 2.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Bhikaji Bachhav |party=Independent politician |votes = 874 |percentage = 1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ulhas Soma Bhalerao |party=Independent politician |votes = 820 |percentage = 1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,930 |percentage = 27.41% |change= {{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,444 |percentage = 63.67% |change= {{increase}}10.44 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,072}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,635|ref = |change= {{decrease}}8.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}14.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sanmukh Chuharmal Israni |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,735 |percentage = 42.65% |change={{decrease}}5.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pralhad Hiranand Advani |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 20,803 |percentage = 33.19% |change={{increase}}12.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parchamal Kevalram Allani |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes = 7,713 |percentage = 12.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. C. Balkrishnan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,924 |percentage = 6.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Budhaji Sasane |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,324 |percentage = 3.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ransi Weiji |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 525 |percentage = 0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,932 |percentage = 9.46% |change= {{decrease}}16.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,357 |percentage = 53.38% |change= {{decrease}}5.38 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,681}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,556|ref = |change= {{increase}}35.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sanmukh Chuharmal Israni |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,713 |percentage = 48.49% |change={{increase}}15.9 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. K. Ailani |party=Independent politician |votes = 11,281 |percentage = 22.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. H. Adwani |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 10,725 |percentage = 21.04% |change={{increase}}3.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. N. Santani |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 2,555 |percentage = 5.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. V. Rane |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,445 |percentage = 2.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,432 |percentage = 26.36% |change= {{increase}}19.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,902 |percentage = 60.69% |change= {{decrease}}5.96 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,963}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,822|ref = |change= {{increase}}27.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Socialist Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Parcharam Kewalram Ailani (Alias Vidyarthi) |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes = 17,635 |percentage = 39.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Newandram Vishindas Gurbani |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,425 |percentage = 32.59% |change={{decrease}}26.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prahlad Hiranand Adwani |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,680 |percentage = 17.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ransi Velji Sirokha |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,966 |percentage = 6.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shivaji Vithal Kharate |party=Independent politician |votes = 881 |percentage = 1.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasdeo Balchand Khanchandani |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 673 |percentage = 1.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,210 |percentage = 7.25% |change= {{decrease}}26.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,210 |percentage = 66.13% |change= {{decrease}}2.61 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,260}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,879|ref = |change= {{increase}}50.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Socialist Party (India) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}19.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ulhasnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gurbani Nevandram Vishindas |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,252 |percentage = 59.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Purswani Salamatrai Jairamdas |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 7,845 |percentage = 25.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ailani Parcharam Kewalram |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,145 |percentage = 13.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khubchandani Kishinchand Hassaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 476 |percentage = 1.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,407 |percentage = 33.88% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,718 |percentage = 65.95% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,718}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,579|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Ulhasnagar]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Thane district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|19|13|26.90|N|73|07|32.63|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Thane district]]
[[Category:Ulhasnagar]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Thane district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Abhishek Nain

2026-04-13T06:22:54Z

MyronMullet1862: new new stub...

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Abhishek Nain
| image = Abhishek Nain in January 2025.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Nain in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|8|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]], India
| height = 1.76 m
| position = Forward
| currentclub =
| clubs1 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| years1 = 2024–
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalyears1 = 2017–2018
| nationalcaps1 = 12
| nationalgoals1 = 6
| nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalyears2 = 2022–
| nationalcaps2 = 127
| nationalgoals2 = 51
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Rajgir]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Hulunbuir]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Sultan of Johor Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Sultan of Johor Cup|2018 Johor]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2017 Sultan of Johor Cup|2017 Johor]]|}}
}}

'''Abhishek Nain''' (born 15 August 1999) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a [[Field hockey#Positions|forward]] in the [[India men's national field hockey team|national team]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudarshan |first=N. |date=2023-05-27 |title=Abhishek Nain: The 'ziddi' star of Indian hockey |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/abhishek-nain-profile-stats-bio-indian-hockey-team/article66900299.ece |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-07-15 |title=Paris 2024: It has been my dream to play for India in the Olympics, says Abhishek |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/paris-2024-india-hockey-forward-abhishek-olympics-debut-dream-come-true-mental-conditioning-camp/article68406138.ece/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> Nain plays for [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]] in the [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian forward Abhishek Nain hails Hockey India League return, calls it "turning point" for sport in country |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/indian-forward-abhishek-nain-hails-hockey-india-league-return-calls-it-turning-point-for-sport-in-country20241210132206/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Nain was born on 15 August 1999 in [[Sonipat]] to mother Soorat Devi and father Satnarayan Nain, who is a special police officer. He has an elder brother named Ashish.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhishek Nain's family elated |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/abhishek-nains-family-elated/amp |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Nain first started playing the sport of hockey when he was in third grade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hockey was escape route from studies but it shaped my career: Olympic bronze medal-winning forward Abhishek |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/abhishek-nain-hockey-was-escape-route-from-studies-but-it-shaped-my-career/cid/2066742 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref>

==Career==
Nain made his international debut for in Feb 2022 at the [[2021–22 Men's FIH Pro League|2021–22 Pro League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey: Abhishek off the mark for India and hungry for more |url=https://scroll.in/field/1017538/hockey-abhishek-off-the-mark-for-india-and-hungry-for-more |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How a near-death accident and an unconventional coach, a Hindi teacher, shaped hockey forward Abhishek's career |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/how-a-near-death-accident-and-an-unconventional-coach-a-hindi-teacher-shaped-hockey-forward-abhisheks-career-8034126/ |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He was a part of the team that won the gold medal at the [[2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/hockey/result-men-fnl-000200-.htm |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008232508/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/hockey/result-men-fnl-000200-.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a part of the bronze medal winning team at the [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics - Men's tournament|2024 Paris Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-26 |title=Five Olympic debutants in Indian men's hockey squad for Paris 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/paris-olympics-2024/five-olympic-debutants-in-indian-mens-hockey-squad-for-paris-2024/articleshow/111285205.cms |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Nain was also a part of the team that won the [[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Asian Champions Trophy]]. He was the second most expensive player at [[Hockey India League]] auctions for the [[2024–25 Hockey India League|2024–25 season]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-10-13 |title=HIL 2024-25: Top five most expensive men's players from Hockey India League Auction |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/hil-auction-hockey-india-league-2024-2025-most-expensive-buys-harmanpreet-abhishek-hardik/article68748973.ece/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]] bought him for ₹72 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-10-13 |title=Hockey India League 2024 Auction: Abhishek goes to Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers for 72 lakhs |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/abhishek-shrachi-rarh-bengal-tigers-hockey-india-league-2024-auction-price-details-updates/article68748632.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> He won the best player's award in the [[2025 Men's Hockey Asia Cup]].

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2023
|[[Hockey India Awards]]
|Forward of the Year
|{{won}}
|
|-
|2024
|[[Indian Sports Honours]]
|Breakthrough Performance of the Year Male
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2025
|[[Arjuna Award]]
|Outstanding Performance in Sports
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Complete list of winners of Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Dronacharya Award: Bhaker, Gukesh and more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/complete-list-of-winners-of-khel-ratna-arjuna-award-dronacharya-award-bhaker-gukesh-and-more/articleshow/116880972.cms |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Hockey India Awards]]
|Forward of the Year
|{{won}}
|
|-
|Player of the Year Male
|{{nom}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{FIH|18697|Abhishek Nain}}
* [https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/abhishek-profile-1898 Abhishek Nain] at [[Hockey India]]
* {{Olympics.com|abhishek-abhishek|Abhishek Nain}}
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/abhishek-abhishek_1543026 Abhishek Nain] at the [[Paris 2024 Summer Olympics]]
* {{2022 Commonwealth Games profile|26748|Abhishek Nain}}

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FH Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India FH Squad 2023 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 2022 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 2024 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nain, Abhishek}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Sonipat]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in field hockey]]

S. Ramaraj

2026-04-11T23:39:49Z

MyronMullet1862: adding basic details added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Ramaraj
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|2|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Anaimalaiyanpatti, [[Theni district|Theni]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakkanur]]
| term_start = 2001
| term_end = 2006
| predecessor = A. Sudalaimuthu
| successor = [[S. Lakshmanan]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| occupation = Farmer
| website =
}}
'''S. Ramaraj''' is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and a former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He hails from Anaimalaiyanpatti village in the [[Theni district]]. Having studied up to the tenth grade, Ramaraj is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] after contesting and winning from the [[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency]].<ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001. Chennai-600009: Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009. April 2002. p. 492-494.</ref>

==Electoral Performance==
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Bodinayakkanur]]<ref name=election2001>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3338-tamil-nadu-2001/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2001 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Ramaraj. S |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,410 |percentage=49.94% |change=23.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sudalaimuthu. A |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,132 |percentage=39.39% |change=-11.87% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Aroselvan. G |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,439 |percentage=7.89% |change=-6.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajaram . N |party=Independent politician |votes=895 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganesan. G |party=Independent politician |votes=832 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mariappan. V. P |party=Independent politician |votes=400 |percentage=0.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sekar. V |party=Independent politician |votes=329 |percentage=0.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Suruli. S |party=Independent politician |votes=272 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppiah. P |party=Independent politician |votes=248 |percentage=0.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,278 |percentage=10.54% |change=-13.82% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,957 |percentage=59.09% |change= -5.85% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,81,022 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account

2026-04-07T05:15:48Z

MyronMullet1862: new new stub

{{Short description|Savings account in India}}

'''Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account''' or '''BSBDA''' in [[India]] is a [[savings account]] that does not have a minimum balance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account (BSBDA) - A Complete Guide {{!}} HDFC Bank |url=https://www.hdfcbank.com/personal/resources/learning-centre/save/a-complete-guide-on-bsbda-account |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.hdfcbank.com}}</ref> There is no upper limit cap for BSBDA.

There is also a BSBDA small account facility with simplified KYC with upper limit cap of 50000 rupees. BSBDA small accounts are valid for 12 months initially but can be extended for another 12 months if the customer provides proof that he has applied for officially valid documents. As per the RBI norms all banks in india have to offer BSBDA account facility to its customers. As per RBI norms a BSBDA account holder cannot hold any other savings account in the same bank. If a customer have any other kind of savings account in the bank but still wish to get BSBDA, in that case he have to close the existing savings account within 30 days after opening BSBDA. Existing savings account( other than BSBDA) can also be converted to BSBDA on the basis of the request of the customer.

The account holders can apply to receive a [[debit card]] and they can have certain number of deposits and withdrawals per month. The [[Reserve Bank of India]] has introduced this for obtaining financial inclusion objectives of the country.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Banking in India]]

Sunil Jaglan

2026-04-01T14:19:49Z

MyronMullet1862: Made A Details

{{Short description|Indian social activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Jaglan
| image = Sunil Jaglan.jpg
| native_name = सुनील जागलान
| native_name_lang = hi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1982|06|19}}
| birth_place = [[Jind district]], [[Haryana]], India
| alma_mater = [[Kurukshetra University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Academic|Social activist|Author|Consultant|Non-profit founder}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| known_for = [[Women’s empowerment]], [[rural development]]
| notable_works = {{bulletedlist|[[Daughter's Nameplate Campaign]]|[[Period Chart Campaign]]| [[Selfie With Daughter]]|[[Gaali Band Ghar]]|[[Lado Panchayat]]| [[Bibipur Model]]|}}
| title =
| spouse = Deepa Dhull
| children = 2
| website = {{URL| https://suniljaglan.com/}}
}}
'''Sunil Jaglan''' (born 19 June 1982) is an Indian academic and social activist working for [[rural development]], [[women's rights]], and the welfare and education of the girl child in India. He is the founder of the [[Selfie With Daughter]], a social media campaign that aims to promote gender equality and raise awareness about the importance of daughters in society to improve the [[sex ratio in India]].

Jaglan serves as a [[professor of practice]] at [[Maharshi Dayanand University]] (MDU) and an advisor for the ''Sarpanch Samvaad'' initiative of the [[Quality Council of India]], [[Gurugram University]], and [[UNICEF]]. He is the founder and CEO of the non-profit organisation, Selfie With Daughter (SWD) Foundation and author of the book ''Lado Rights: Mahila Adhikaron Ka Sankalan''.

== Early life ==
Sunil Jaglan was born on 19 June 1982 in [[Bibipur]], [[Jind district]], Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-30 |title=Haryana sarpanch behind PM Narendra Modi's selfie campaign |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/haryana-sarpanch-sunil-jaglan-selfie-with-daughter-initiative-260325-2015-06-30 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> He obtained his [[Bachelor of Computer Science]] degree from [[Kurukshetra University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=सिर्फ किताबी ज्ञान काफी नहीं : सुनील जागलान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/kurukshetra/mere-bookish-knowledge-is-not-enough-sunil-jaglan-kurukshetra-kurukshetra-news-knl953497105 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Sarpanch, Bibipur Panchayat (2010-2015) ===
Jaglan began his career as a mathematics teacher before resigning from his position after being elected as the [[sarpanch]] (village head) of Bibipur, a village in Haryana in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Disha Roy |date=2019-01-24 |title=Teach your daughter about her rights, says Selfie with Daughter campaigner Sunil Jaglan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/parenting/family/national-girl-child-day-selfie-with-daughter-campaigner-sunil-jaglan-5554028/ |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2012, he became an advocate for girls' rights, when nurses at the hospital refused to accept sweets for the birth of his daughter.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Munjal |first=Dhruv |date=2015-07-04 |title=Sunil Jaglan has become the 'girl child' mascot |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/sunil-jaglan-has-become-the-girl-child-mascot-115070301252_1.html |access-date=2021-11-01 |work=[[Business Standard India]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Yasir |first=Sameer |date=2023-08-04 |title=Where 'No One Wanted Girls,' a Dad in India Takes On the Patriarchy (Published 2023) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/world/asia/sunil-jaglan-india-haryana-womens-rights.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122064843/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/world/asia/sunil-jaglan-india-haryana-womens-rights.html |archive-date=2024-11-22 |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=[[New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

Jaglan launched more than 100 schemes for women’s empowerment during his tenure as an elected sarpanch.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-09 |title=Selfie drive to save daughters |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/selfie-drive-to-save-daughters-1.1547661 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref>

Jaglan also initiated ''Mahila Gram Sabha'' (Women-Oriented Village Assembly) in 2012 and took the issue of female foeticide in [[Khap Panchayat|Maha Khap Panchayat]]. Jaglan introduced the idea of having women participate in these Maha Khap Panchayats and organised these panchayats with [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]] during [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Jyoti |date=2020-06-04 |title=Locked down khaps junk tech distrust, use Zoom to discuss honour killings & couples eloping |url=https://theprint.in/india/locked-down-khaps-junk-tech-distrust-use-zoom-to-discuss-honour-killings-couples-eloping/434933/ |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Dsouza |first=Krystelle |date=2024-09-20 |title=His Daughter's Birth Turned Him Into a Feminist: Sunil Jaglan's Fight Against Female Foeticide |url=https://thebetterindia.com/366915/sunil-jaglan-selfie-with-daughter-bibipur-village-haryana-daughters-day-women-empowerment-female-foeticide/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[The Better India]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== ''Lado Rights: Mahila Adhikaron Ka Sankalan (2018)'' ===
He is the author of ''Lado Rights: Mahila Adhikaron Ka Sankalan'' published by Hindi Book Centre in 2018, which is based on [[Women's rights in India]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=An Extraordinary Gentleman: Sunil Jaglan |url=https://www.themancompany.com/blogs/the-man-mag/an-extraordinary-gentleman-sunil-jaglan |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Themancompany.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaglan |first=Sunil |title=Lado Rights : Mahila Adhikaron Ka Sankalan |isbn=978-9383894567 |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Pranab Mukherjee Foundation, SGT University (2018-2024) ===
Jaglan worked as a consultant at the Pranab Mukherjee Foundation from 2018 to 2023.<ref name=":5" />

He later joined [[Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University]], Gurugram in 2023 as an outreach advisor and later as a professor of practice in the same university.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=SGT University's Sunil Jaglan features in an episode of Mann Ki Baat – SGTTimes.com – SGT Latest News, India News, Breaking News, Today's News |url=https://sgttimes.com/sgt-universitys-sunil-jaglan-features-in-an-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugration SPARSH Centre and Library Report |url=https://sgtuniversity.ac.in/education/news-and-events/inaugration-sparsh-centre-and-library-report |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=sgtuniversity.ac.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Quality Council of India, Gurugram University and UNICEF (2024-Present) ===
In November 2023, Jaglan was appointed as an executive member of the Quality Council of India to improve the quality of the [[Panchayati raj|Panchayati Raj]] system in villages throughout India.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Chaurasia |first=Masummba |date=2023-12-12 |title=Chandigarh News: क्वॉलिटी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया ने सुनील जागलान को एक्जिक्यूटिव मेंबर किया नियुक्त |url=https://panchjanya.com/2023/12/12/310613/bharat/chandigarh/chandigarh-quality-council-of-india-appointed-sunil-jaglan-as-executive-member/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Panchjanya (magazine)|Panchjanya]] |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haryana: देशभर के सरपंचों को ग्रामीण विकास का मंत्र देंगे हरियाणा के सुनील जागलान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/chandigarh/sunil-jaglan-of-haryana-will-give-the-mantra-of-rural-development-to-sarpanches-across-the-country-2023-11-05 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2024, Jaglan was appointed as an advisor by UNICEF to develop Child & Women Friendly Panchayats.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Chandigarh: सुनील जागलान यूनिसेफ में सलाहकार नियुक्त, बोले- मुझे महत्वपूर्ण जिम्मेदारी के लिए चुना गया है |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/sunil-jaglan-appointed-advisor-in-unicef-said-i-have-been-selected-for-important-responsibility-2024-08-29 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref>

He was also appointed as a consultant at Gurugram University, Haryana in 2024.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=The Gurugram University, Gurugram |url=https://gurugramuniversity.ac.in/administration/proceeding(AC,EC,COURT&FC)/ec/32nd%20E.C.%20agenda%20&%20Table%20agenda-10.06.2024.pdf |access-date=9 Oct 2025 |website=gurugramuniversity.ac.in}}</ref>

He serves as a professor of practice at [[MDU, Rohtak]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-25 |title=MDU Rohtak launches country's first 'Drug-Free Home' campaign on National Panchayati Raj Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mdu-rohtak-launches-countrys-first-drug-free-home-campaign-on-national-panchayati-raj-day/articleshow/120605475.cms |access-date=2025-07-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaali band ghar abhiyan to be launched in 20 Rohtak villages |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/gaali-band-ghar-abhiyan-to-be-launched-in-20-rohtak-villages/ |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Women's empowerment initiatives ==

=== Women-friendly panchayat (2010-2012) ===
During his tenure as sarpanch, Jaglan initiated a project by creating the official panchayat (village council) website, the first of its kind in the region. This website provided a comprehensive overview of the village's voters, infrastructure upgrades, and its historical background. Jaglan is noted for this innovation and referred to as the "high-tech sarpanch."<ref name=":5" />

As an advisor to the Sarpanch Samvaad initiative, he has led strategies aimed at creating women- and child-friendly panchayats.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=2024-10-21 |title=Lado Panchayat — How Haryana's rural women are rewriting rules of patriarchy |url=https://www.villagesquare.in/lado-panchayat-how-haryanas-rural-women-are-rewriting-rules-of-patriarchy/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Village Square |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Ayesha |title=Unwanted daughters: Fighting female foeticide in India |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/unwanted-daughters-fighting-female-foeticide-in-india/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=FairPlanet |language=en}}</ref>

=== Fight against female foeticide (2010) ===
A survey revealed that Bibipur had 47 unmarried men well past the marriageable age, a situation attributed to the shortage of women in the area. This scarcity motivated Jaglan to fight against female foeticide, a campaign that earned Bibipur ₹1 crore from the Chief Minister of Haryana [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] in 2012.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=2012-07-17 |title=Village vows to let girls live |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/village-vows-to-let-girls-live/articleshow/15010843.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2012-07-16 |title=Hooda gives Rs 1 crore to Bibipur for speaking against female foeticide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others-do-not-use/hooda-gives-rs-1-crore-to-bibipur-for-speaking-against-female-foeticide/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=If I had seen an equal number of men and women in my village, I might not have taken up the fight against female foeticide|author=Sunil Jaglan|source=[[The Times of India]]}}
He motivated women to raise awareness about the issue through plays, rallies, and door-to-door campaigns. There’s been multiple instances where women initially wanted to abort female foetuses but ultimately decided against it due to the awareness efforts. In these cases, while the women themselves considered abortion, their fathers-in-law intervened to prevent it. The village now has several families with only daughters.<ref name=":9" />

=== Lado Panchayat (2012) ===
{{Further|Lado Panchayat}}
The [[Lado Panchayat]] was initiated by Jaglan in 2012 to encourage female participation in governance, addressing issues like female foeticide, raising the [[Marriageable age]], [[Female education|education]], [[Women's health|health]] and [[women's property rights]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabi |first=Safina |date=2022-04-21 |title=India's Women Are Building An Alternative To Toxic Masculinity |url=https://reasonstobecheerful.world/india-women-covid-civic-engagement/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Reasons to be Cheerful |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Harpreet |date=2021-07-01 |title=Haryana: Call to raise marriage age to 21 in girls' panchayat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jul/26/call-to-raise-marriage-age-to-21-in-girls-panchayat-2335409.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-19 |title='Lado Panchayat' hails govt move to increase marriageable age |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/lado-panchayat-hails-govt-move-to-increase-marriageable-age/articleshow/88364959.cms |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Local issues are identified through consultations, and participants are connected via [[WhatsApp]]. A randomly selected Pradhan leads the meetings, and resolutions are drafted for submission to local and state authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selfie With Daughter - Lado Panchayat Concept |url=https://selfiewithdaughter.org/campaign-details.php?id=10 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=selfiewithdaughter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=2024-10-21 |title=Lado Panchayat — How Haryana's rural women are rewriting rules of patriarchy |url=https://www.villagesquare.in/lado-panchayat-how-haryanas-rural-women-are-rewriting-rules-of-patriarchy/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Village Square |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Flag unfurling by a mother of single girl child (2012) ===
On 15 August 2012 ([[Indian Independence Day]]), Jaglan invited a woman to unfurl the [[National Flag of India|national flag]] for the first time. The village aimed to honour the mother of single girl child, highlighting the challenges faced by such mothers in the community.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=2012-08-11 |title=Woman to unfurl Tricolour at Bibipur on I-Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/woman-to-unfurl-tricolour-at-bibipur-on-i-day/articleshow/15441956.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Traditionally, the flag unfurling was performed by the village sarpanch, but Jaglan, chose to give this opportunity to the woman as a recognition of efforts against female foeticide. Several women were also honored for their contributions to the save girl child campaign during the event.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140114/haryana.htm |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[Tribune India]]}}</ref>

=== Campaign against Purdah practice in Haryana (2013) ===
Jaglan took a stand against [[purdah]], a prevalent practice in his community. He encouraged his wife, Deepa, to remove her veil. When she did, he drove her around the village, inspiring 70 other women to follow suit that day.<ref name=":4" />

Jaglan then launched a campaign against purdah, reaching over 100 villages. In 2017, he organised an event in Taloda village of Haryana where more than 50 women publicly discarded their veils. His efforts have led to 42 women representatives abandoning purdah, along with women in Sultanpur and Kaliwala villages. The Pranab Mukherjee Foundation has also joined this initiative, working to promote these changes in 100 villages across the state.<ref name=":4" />

=== Lado Pustakalaya (Women’s library) (2014) ===
Jaglan established the Lado Pustakalaya, {{Literal translation|Women’s library}} in Bibipur village. It provides an environment for exam preparation, featuring individual study desks, charging stations, air conditioning, and WiFi. The library offers a peaceful space for uninterrupted study, which is often lacking in rural homes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=2024-05-10 |title=Lado Pustakalaya: Women's village library nurtures dreams of aspiring scholars |url=https://www.villagesquare.in/womens-village-library-nurtures-dreams-of-aspiring-scholars/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Village Square |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

The former President, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], praised the concept of Lado Pustakalaya and requested the establishment of these libraries under the Bibipur model of women empowerment in his hundred adopted villages in Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshmukh |first=Rujuta |title=Meet modern Savitris of Bibipur who fought for access and equity – Selfie With Daughter |url=https://selfiewithdaughter.org/blog/meet-modern-savitris-of-bibipur/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Gaali Band Ghar (2014) ===
{{Further|Gaali Band Ghar}}
In 2014, as the sarpanch of Bibipur village, Jaglan passed a resolution to ban abuse against women, resulting in a campaign that encouraged open discussions in the gram sabha about incidents of abuse.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Gali Band (Ban on Abuse )Ghar campaign |url=https://selfiewithdaughter.org/campaign-details.php?id=9 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=selfiewithdaughter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-07 |title=Gaali Bandh Ghar: A Fight Against The Misogyny Of Cuss Words |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/gaali-bandh-ghar-a-fight-against-the-misogyny-of-cuss-words-news-121447 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[Outlook India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-10 |title=हरियाणा में शुरू हुआ 'गाली बंद घर' अभियान, 142 गांवों में लगाया गया पोस्टर |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/gali-band-ghar-campaign-started-posters-put-up-in-142-villages-7512737.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[News18]] |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2016, while implementing the Bibipur Model of Women Empowerment and Village Development in Taloda village under the [[Sabla (India)|Sabla campaign]], it was determined that strict action, including filing FIRs, would be taken against those who abused women.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Saikia |first1=Pari |last2=Nabi |first2=Safina |date=2022-01-26 |title=Cut the cussing: the Indian man on a mission to end sexist swearing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jan/26/cut-the-cussing-the-indian-man-on-a-mission-to-end-sexist-swearing |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

By 2019, recognising the need to address the issue from its roots, Jaglan emphasised the importance of starting discussions about abuse at the household level to foster societal awareness. He noted that eliminating abusive language from daily life could help prevent public abuse. Consequently, the Sabla campaign introduced the initiative "[[Gaali Bandh Ghar]]" to further this objective.<ref name=":8" />

=== 'Selfie with Daughter' campaign (2015) ===
{{Further|Selfie With Daughter}}
In June 2015, Jaglan launched the '[[Selfie With Daughter|Selfie with Daughter]]' campaign to raise awareness about female foeticide and promote the value of daughters in society. The initiative encourages parents to take [[selfie]]s with their daughters and share them on [[social media]], fostering a positive mindset towards the girl child.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Activist behind 'Selfie with Daughter' campaign calls it success, thanks PM Modi |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/women/2023/05/01/activist-sunil-jaglan-selfie-with-daughter-campaign-success-thanks-pm-modi.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Onmanorama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite news |last=Sandhu |first=Khushboo |date=2022-08-17 |title=Menstruation: Indian women fight period shame with charts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62561813 |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The campaign has been recognised globally and supported by notable figures, including Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], contributing to improvements in Haryana's gender ratio. Over eight years, it has garnered participation from individuals in 80 countries and has significantly influenced cultural attitudes towards daughters.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haryana village crowns daughters with pagris |url=https://www.deccanherald.com//content/590335/haryana-village-crowns-daughters-pagris.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>

President Pranab Mukherjee launched an [[Application software|application]] for the campaign, describing the app as an innovative concept and an act of gentle persuasion, Mukherjee congratulated Jaglan for his efforts in initiating the campaign in Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Pranab Mukherjee Launches 'Selfie With Daughter' App |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/president-pranab-mukherjee-launches-selfie-with-daughter-app-1710167 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

=== Daughter’s nameplate (2015) ===
{{Further|Daughter's Nameplate Campaign}}
Jaglan launched the "Digital India with Laado" campaign in 2015, aimed at replacing the names of family heads on nameplates with their daughters' names.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |date=2015-07-06 |title='Digital India With Laado' campaign |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/after-beti-bachao-selfie-banao-bibipur-panchayat-launches-digital-india-with-ladoo/article7391354.ece |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

As part of this initiative, village panchayat representatives visited each household to install nameplates that displayed the name of the daughter, accompanied by the tagline "Digital India With Laado."<ref name=":11" />

Jaglan began the campaign by replacing his own name with that of his daughter.<ref name=":11" />

The campaign was later relaunched in 2020 under ''Laado Swabhiman Utsav'' on a bigger level, especially in the region of [[Hisar district|Hisar]] and [[Mewat]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Pant |first=Shubhra |date=Feb 24, 2021 |title=Haryana: Period charts at home is former sarpanch's latest campaign {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/period-charts-at-home-is-former-sarpanchs-latest-campaign/articleshow/81179932.cms |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Pant |first=Shubhra |date=Oct 17, 2020 |title=Photos: Only 'beti' on nameplates of homes in this Haryana village {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/only-beti-on-nameplates-of-homes-in-this-haryana-village/articleshow/78711951.cms |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Shreshtha |date=2020-10-21 |title=Haryana Villages To Have House Nameplates With Only Girls' Names |url=https://edtimes.in/haryana-villages-to-have-house-nameplates-with-only-girls-names/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-02 |title=Haryana village names houses after daughters & 'bahus' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/haryana-village-names-houses-after-daughters-bahus/articleshow/87478023.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He also organised sports competitions for girls, awarding a kilogram of [[ghee]] as a prize, bringing focus to women's nutrition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doval |first=Nikita |date=2015-07-06 |title=I don't want to be a member of a gender-biased society: Sunil Jaglan |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/9t8ORr7yHGT2DPUszYWyxH/I-dont-want-to-be-a-member-of-a-genderbiased-society-Suni.html |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== The Period Chart Campaign(2019) ===
{{Further|Period Chart Campaign}}
[[Period Chart Campaign]] is a movement aimed at normalising [[menstruation]] and reducing stigma. The initiative was inspired by Jaglan’s discussions with his daughters about menstruation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Period Chart Campaign |url=https://selfiewithdaughter.org/campaign-details.php?id=11 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=selfiewithdaughter.org}}</ref>

Recognising the need for open dialogue, Jaglan consulted with doctors and gathered information on the challenges women face during their [[menstrual cycle]]s. This led to the creation of period charts in 2019.<ref name=":17" />

The campaign promotes displaying period charts with dates and duration in households, encouraging transparency and fostering support from male family members during menstruation.<ref name=":17" />

The charts first came up in some villages in [[Nuh district|Nuh]] and [[Jind district]]s of Haryana and later spread to seven Indian states with more than a thousand women participants.<ref name=":17" />

== Rural development initiatives ==
{{Further|Bibipur Model}}
Jaglan’s rural development initiatives include the establishment of India's first [[High tech|hi-tech]] gram panchayat, the implementation of online [[Right to Information Act, 2005|RTI]], the opening of a library within the gram panchayat, and advocacy for women's and children's rights.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-08 |title=Haryana village sets up portal, replies to RTI queries within 2 days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-village-sets-up-portal-replies-to-rti-queries-within-2-days/articleshow/45407302.cms |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-08 |title=Village sets up portal, replies to RTI queries within 2 days |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/village-sets-up-portal-replies-to-rti-queries-within-2-days/articleshow/45402853.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सरकार ने अपनाया डिजिटल ग्राम सभाओं का बीबीपुर मॉडल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/panchkula/government-adopted-bibipur-model-of-digital-gram-sabhas-panchkula-news-pkl383137786 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

He is a founder of the [[Bibipur Model]], a program aimed at promoting gender equality and enhancing the socio-economic conditions of women in rural India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-23 |title=Haryana: Bibipur model of women empowerment to be introduced in 100 villages adopted by President |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/haryana-bibipur-model-to-be-introduced-in-100-villages-adopted-by-president-4669140/lite/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2024, Jaglan launched the [[AI]] Friendly Panchayat campaign, where [[Artificial intelligence]] is used to train gram panchayats in various tasks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Harpreet |date=2024-12-29 |title=Haryana's ex-sarpanch launches 'AI friendly panchayat' campaign to boost rural governance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Dec/29/haryanas-ex-sarpanch-launches-ai-friendly-panchayat-campaign-to-boost-rural-governance |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jaglan is married to Deepa Dhull, the couple has two daughters Nandini and Yachika.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=सेनेटरी नैपकिन बांटकर मनाई शादी की सालगिरह |url=https://outlookhindi.com/country/general/on-marriage-anniversary-celebration-a-couple-distribute-sanitary-napkins-23952 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Outlook India]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=पहले जीवनसंगिनी का घूंघट उठाया फिर 100 गांवों में जगाई अलख, सुनील जागलान ने पर्दा प्रथा के खिलाफ छेड़ी मुहिम |trans-title=Sunil Jaglan of Jind launched a campaign against purdah system in Jind and now 42 panchayat representative women have stopped wearing veil and four women have stopped wearing burqa |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/jind-sunil-jaglan-launched-a-campaign-against-purdah-system-in-jind-and-now-42-panchayat-representative-women-have-stopped-wearing-veil-and-four-women-have-stopped-wearing-burqa-23504812.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabi |first=Safina |date=2024-12-05 |title=A new generation of gender advocates |url=https://adnchronicles.org/2024/12/05/a-new-generation-of-gender-advocates/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Asia Democracy Chronicles |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
*₹1 Crore prize from the [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] in recognition of work on [[gender sensitization]] in Haryana (2012).<ref name=":12" />
*Rashtriya Gaurav Gram Sabha Puruskar along with the cash prize of ₹10 lakhs in 2013.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Pareek |first=Shreya |date=2015-07-20 |title=The Story of a Village in Haryana and its Fight against Female Foeticide |url=https://thebetterindia.com/27069/story-village-haryana-fight-female-foeticide/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[The Better India]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Rajiv Gandhi panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyaan Puruskar along with the cash prize of ₹15 lakhs in 2014.<ref name=":16" />
It was the first time any panchayat received these awards from the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]], [[Government of India]].<ref name=":16" />

== In popular culture ==
''[[Son Rise]],'' a Hindi-language documentary film directed by [[Vibha Bakshi]], that is based on Jaglan’s role in women empowerment and the welfare of girl child was released in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akhtar |first=Sadia |date=16 January 2019 |title='Why force women to give birth to boys?' asks Selfie with Daughter campaigner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-force-women-to-give-birth-to-boys-asks-selfie-with-daughter-campaigner/story-qNcEe4JjPplVJLMWLa4d7K.html?utm_source=ht_site_copyURL&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ht_site |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Anushree |date=2019-05-01 |title=In Son Rise, award-winning filmmaker Vibha Bakshi captures the horrors of female foeticide in Haryana |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/son-rise-documentary-fim-female-foeticide-no-country-for-women-5703577/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Shruti |date=2019-01-26 |title=#SonRise: ordinary men in an extraordinary fight |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/01/26/sonrise-ordinary-men-in-an-extraordinary-fight |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[Newslaundry]] |language=en}}</ref> The film received multiple accolades, including the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]] at [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=National Awards 2018 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2018/108 |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

''Son Rise'' was selected as the opening film at Indian Panorama, at [[50th International Film Festival of India]](IFFI) and was awarded the Best Documentary at the [[New York Indian Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2020-08-04 |title='Moothon', 'Son Rise' win awards at 20th New York Indian Film Festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/moothon-son-rise-win-awards-at-20th-new-york-indian-film-festival/article32266278.ece |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Abha Sahgal and Sutapa Mukherjee's book ''Skypath English Series Textbook Class 08'' contains a chapter based on the works and contributions of Jaglan, which is included in the syllabus of class 8 in CBSE ([[Central Board of Secondary Education]]) schools.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahgal |first=Abha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GnjDwAAQBAJ |title=Skypath English Series Textbook Class 08 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-5272-751-3 |editor-last=Mukherjee |editor-first=Sutapa |pages=134–140 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2020 |title=जानें कैसे किताबों में 'सुपर सरपंच' बने सुनील जागलान - सुनील जागलान स्टोरी बुक |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/haryana/state/chandigarh-ha/sunil-jaglan-story-will-be-taught-in-private-schools-of-delhi/haryana20200715214152142 |work=ETV Bharat |language=hi}}</ref>

== Media image ==
Jaglan has received significant media attention for his advocacy of gender equality and women's empowerment in India.

His "Selfie with Daughter" campaign has been featured in outlets like [[The New York Times]], which highlighted his challenge to patriarchal norms, and the [[South China Morning Post]], noting his efforts against female foeticide. Additionally, [[The Guardian]] and [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] covered his mission to combat sexist language.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=India grapples with 'rampant' rates of sex-selective abortion |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/3246000/indias-battle-against-female-foeticide-fathers-crusade-close-gender-gap |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhowmick |first=Nilanjana |date=2023-08-02 |title=We need a new way to swear … one that doesn't demean the women of India |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/aug/02/we-need-new-way-swear-that-doesnt-demean-women-of-india |access-date=2025-03-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coviello |first=Monica |date=2022-02-12 |title=India, la campagna di Sunil contro le parolacce sessiste |url=https://www.vanityfair.it/article/india-campagna-contro-parolacce-sessiste |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Vanity Fair Italia |language=it-IT}}</ref>

Nationally, he has been recognized by [[Hindustan Times]] and [[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] for promoting the girl child and supporting menstrual health management in rural communities, reflecting his commitment to empowering women and girls across India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Pawan |date=24 January 2025 |title=Girl Child Day: When birth of a daughter in Haryana sparked a movement |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/girl-child-day-when-birth-of-a-daughter-in-haryana-sparked-a-movement-101737718450512.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title=Activist behind 'Selfie with Daughter' campaign; man on mission to clean Himalayas share their Mann Ki Baat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/activist-behind-selfie-with-daughter-campaign-man-on-mission-to-clean-himalayas-share-their-mann-ki-baat-8584772/lite/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In 2015, Jaglan got suspended by Jind [[Deputy commissioner]] (DC) for alleged irregularities in the panchayat's functioning. It was alleged that he used government funds to install [[Submersible pump|submersible]] [[Tube well|tubewell]] at his friend's private residence rather than at a common place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jind village divided over suspension of sarpanch |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/community/jind-village-divided-over-suspension-of-sarpanch-55469/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

The suspension was later stayed by [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sabharwal |first=Vijay |date=2015-06-29 |title=Selfie with daughters: Haryana village head hailed by PM was suspended for irregularities |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/selfie-with-daughters-haryana-village-head-hailed-by-pm-was-suspended-for-irregularities/story-sTgW3EaQfNw81ZF8BkvHHM.html |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|section=|id=nm14803911}}
*{{Official website|https://selfiewithdaughter.org/|name=Selfie With Daughter}}
*{{Official website|https://suniljaglan.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaglan, Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jind]]
[[Category:Activists from Haryana]]
[[Category:Social workers from Haryana]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Educators from Haryana]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Kurukshetra University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Maharshi Dayanand University]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharshi Dayanand University]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Santali

2026-03-24T03:17:20Z

MyronMullet1862: added a bio - done

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Santali language|Santali]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || [[Boyha Biswanath Tudu]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2011 || [[Nuhum Hembram]] || ''Singar Akhra'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || [[Pitambar Hansdah]] || ''Jib Jiyali Kowag Gidra Kahni'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2013 || [[Sari Dharam Hansda]] || ''Dombe Baha'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || [[Kanhailal Tudu]] || ''Bachra Bayar'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || [[Srikanta Saren]] || ''Haryar Mayam'' || Poetry || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|pages=4–5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || [[Kuhu Dular Hansda]] || ''Sisir Jali'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2017 || [[Joba Murmu]] || ''Olon Baha'' || Short Stories || <ref name="Joba Murmu, Santali writer, selected for Bal Sahitya Award">{{Cite web|url=http://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/2393/joba-murmu-santali-writer-selected-for-bal-sahitya-award/|title = Joba Murmu, Santali writer, selected for Bal Sahitya Award - Jharkhand State News| date=23 June 2017 }}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || [[Laxminarayan Hansda]] || ''Budi Goag Garn Thay lag'' || Short Stories || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || [[Lakshman Chandra Saren]] || ''Jharumjhag'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2020 || [[Joyram Tudu]] || ''Bhanj Kul Bhurkah Ipil Sunaram Soren'' || Biography ||
|-
| 2021 || [[Sova Hansda]] || ''Hali Mon'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2022 || [[Ganesh Marandi]] || ''Hapan Mai'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || [[Mansingh Manjhi|Mansing Majhi]] || ''Nene-Pete'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || [[Dugai Tudu]] || ''Miru Arang'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 ||[[ Haralal Murmu]] || ''Sona Miru-ag Sandesh'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Santali]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]

[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Atul Kulkarni

2026-03-23T18:22:17Z

MyronMullet1862: expand section also and corrected details

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Atul Kulkarni graces the screening of Sonata.jpg
| name = Atul Kulkarni
| caption = Atul at the screening of Sonata
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|09|10}}
| birth_place = [[Belgaum]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|screenwriter|film producer}}
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama|National School of Drama, New Delhi]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Geetanjali Kulkarni]]|1996}}
| children =
| website = [http://www.atulkulkarni.com/ www.atulkulkarni.com]
}}
'''Atul Kulkarni''' (born 10 September 1965) is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[English language|English]] language films. Kulkarni won the National Award for the Best Supporting Actor for the films ''[[Hey Ram]]'' and ''[[Chandni Bar]]''.<ref name="47thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm47NFAAward.aspx|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=13 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505163411/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm47NFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012|pages=34–35|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185814/http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref> He is also the president of Quest, a research-action organization concentrating on enhancing quality of education. He left his study in engineering at [[College of Engineering, Pune]] while he was in his first year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-10 |title=Atul Kulkarni: Lesser known facts about the actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/photo-features/atul-kulkarni-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actor/photostory/65353243.cms?picid=65353278 |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is known for his performances in films like ''[[Hey Ram]]'', ''[[Chandni Bar]]'', ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' (2006), ''[[Natarang]]'' (2010) among others. He has also written the screenplay of ''[[Laal Singh Chadda]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/laal-singh-chaddha-writer-atul-kulkarni-i-was-not-disappointed-when-the-film-didnt-do-well-exclusive/articleshow/98540997.cms |title=Laal Singh Chaddha writer Atul Kulkarni: I was not disappointed when the film didn't do well – Exclusive |newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 March 2023 |access-date=27 July 2025 }}</ref>
the official remake of ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Atul-Kulkarni/movies|title=Atul Kulkarni Movies: Latest and Upcoming Films of Atul Kulkarni | eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011122705/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Atul-Kulkarni/movies|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Kulkarni received his diploma in acting from the [[National School of Drama|National School of Drama, New Delhi]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsd.gov.in/delhi/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/NSD-GRADUATES1.pdf|title=NSD-GRADUATES1|website=nsd.gov.in|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809044603/http://nsd.gov.in/delhi/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/NSD-GRADUATES1.pdf|archive-date=9 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He is married to theatre actress Geetanjali Kulkarni (née Geetanjali Moreshwar Sherikar), whom he met at the National School of Drama.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Theatre-actor-Geetanjali-Kulkarni-gets-stamp-for-film-journey/articleshow/46811758.cms | title=Theatre actor Geetanjali Kulkarni gets 'stamp' for film journey | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=5 April 2015 | access-date=3 August 2015 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20151109063338/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Theatre-actor-Geetanjali-Kulkarni-gets-stamp-for-film-journey/articleshow/46811758.cms | archive-date=9 November 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Kulkarni's first stint on stage was during his high school days. He participated in the Maharashtra State Drama Competition regularly. Between 1989 and 1992, he won awards for Acting and also for Drama-Direction.<ref name=www.atulkulkarni.com>{{cite web | url=http://www.atulkulkarni.com/ | title=www.atulkulkarni.com/ | publisher=atulkulkarni.com | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605042715/http://atulkulkarni.com/ | archive-date=5 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Atul enacted in Gandhi Viruddh Gandhi, the play made later famous by [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]] in Marathi professional theatre circuit until mid-90s.<ref name=19970630-gandhi-virudh-gandhi-to-be-staged-at-tejpal-auditorium-mumbai-832641-1997-06-30>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19970630-gandhi-virudh-gandhi-to-be-staged-at-tejpal-auditorium-mumbai-832641-1997-06-30 | title=19970630-gandhi-virudh-gandhi-to-be-staged-at-tejpal-auditorium-mumbai-832641-1997-06-30 | publisher=indiatoday.in | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920011035/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19970630-gandhi-virudh-gandhi-to-be-staged-at-tejpal-auditorium-mumbai-832641-1997-06-30 | archive-date=20 September 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Later during his college days he actively participated in cultural gatherings. While studying, Atul joined Natya Aradhana, an amateur theatre group from [[Solapur]]. Atul Kulkarni holds a postgraduate diploma in [[dramatic arts]] from National School of Drama, New Delhi.
Atul Kulkarni, a national-award winner and a fine actor, expresses his belief of art being a product of social, political and economic changes in the society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Atul Kulkarni shares his thoughts on evolving subjects in cinema and throws light on his NGO, Quest|date=14 May 2020 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2020/may/14/actor-atul-kulkarni-shares-his-thoughts-on-evolving-subjects-in-cinema-and-throws-light-on-his-ngo-24941.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724103455/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2020/may/14/actor-atul-kulkarni-shares-his-thoughts-on-evolving-subjects-in-cinema-and-throws-light-on-his-ngo-24941.html|archive-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>

==Other works==
===Philanthropy===
Kulkarni has been serving as President of Quest Education Support Trust.<ref name="genesis">{{cite web | url=https://www.quest.org.in/content/genesis | title=genesis | publisher=quest.org.in | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531075202/http://quest.org.in/content/genesis | archive-date=31 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Quest Trust invests in running workshops and enabling Teachers, to support education for children of marginalized communities between 3–14 years. All this activity is mainly in State of Maharashtra. It conducts its activities in Marathi language.<ref name="ganeet_lekh">{{cite web | url=https://www.quest.org.in/ganeet_lekh | title=ganeet_lekh | publisher=quest.org.in | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612113253/https://www.quest.org.in/ganeet_lekh | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Atul Kulkarni has been active in sharing his knowledge on running [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] with other NGO's. He does visit Maharashtra based NGO's like Snehalaya regularly.<ref name="Actor-Atul-Kulkarni-visits">{{cite web | url=http://www.snehalaya.org/single-post/2016/09/28/Actor-Atul-Kulkarni-visits | title=Actor-Atul-Kulkarni-visits | work=snehalaya-charity | publisher=snehalaya.org | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612113245/http://www.snehalaya.org/single-post/2016/09/28/Actor-Atul-Kulkarni-visits | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Kulkarni has been involved in an environmental project, making a 24-acre barren land in [[Satara district|Satara District]] into Green area.<ref name="article17430551.ece">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ive-never-allowed-my-profession-to-dictate-my-life/article17430551.ece | title=article17430551.ece | work=thehindu | date=3 April 2018 | access-date=30 May 2018 | archive-date=11 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011122703/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ive-never-allowed-my-profession-to-dictate-my-life/article17430551.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= January 2023}}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role!! Language
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Bhoomi Geetha]]'' || || [[Kannada]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2000 || ''Kairee'' || || [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|-
| ''[[Jayam Manade Raa]]'' || Basavayah|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|-
| ''[[Hey Ram]]'' || Shriram Abhyankar|| Hindi Tamil
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Chandni Bar]]'' || Potya Sawant<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-happy-birthday-tabu-from-andhadhun-astitva-chandni-bar-to-cheeni-kum-drishyam-haider-actor-s-best-roles-till-date-2800086|title=Happy Birthday Tabu: From Andhadhun, Astitva, Chandni Bar to Cheeni Kum, Drishyam, Haider; actor's best roles till date | Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com|website=DNA India}}</ref>|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2002 || ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]'' || Bhaskar|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Bhet]]'' || Prabhakar|| Marathi
|-
| ''Bibhatsa'' || || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Dahavi Fa]]'' || Ganesh Deshmukh || Marathi
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2003 || ''[[Mango Soufflé]]'' || Edwin 'Ed' Prakash|| [[English language|English]]
|-
| ''[[88 Antop Hill]]'' || Pratyush Shelar|| rowspan="3" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Satta (2003 film)|Satta]]'' || Yashwant Varde
|-
| ''[[Dum (2003 Hindi film)|Dum]]'' || 'Encounter' Shankar
|-
| ''Vaastupurush'' || Nishikant Dada|| Marathi
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2004 || ''[[Andhrawala]]'' || Bade Mia's sidekick|| rowspan="3" | Telugu
|-
| ''[[Chanti (2004 film)|Chanti]]'' || MLA Sarvarayudu
|-
| ''[[Gowri (2004 film)|Gowri]]'' || Sarkar
|-
| ''Mansarovar'' || || rowspan="2" |[[Malayalam]]
|-
| ''[[Vajram (2004 film)|Vajram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' || Dr. Iqbal Ansari|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Devrai]]'' || Shesh|| Marathi
|-
| ''[[Manmadhan (film)|Manmadhan]]'' || ACP Deva|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Leela Mahal Center]]'' || GK|| Telugu
|-
| ''Chakwa'' || Tushar Khot|| Marathi
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]'' || Vinayak Mane|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2006 || ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]'' || Minister Pughazhenthy|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Raam (2006 film)|Raam]]'' || Veerendra || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' || Laxman Pandey|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Corporate (2006 film)|Corporate]]'' || Narrator
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007 || ''[[Aa Dinagalu]]'' || [[Agni Shridhar]]|| Kannada
|-
| ''Maati Maay'' || Narsu|| Marathi
|-
| ''[[Gauri: The Unborn]]'' || Sandeep|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2008 || ''[[Valu (film)|Valu]]'' || Swanand Gaddamwar|| Marathi
|-
| ''[[Talappavu]]'' || Krishnadeva Saivar|| rowspan="3" | Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]]'' ||
|-
| ''D-17'' ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2009 || ''[[Yeh Mera India]]'' || Raj|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Delhi 6]]'' || Gobar
|-
| ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikathavan]]'' || Kasi Anandan|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Vandae Maatharam]]'' || || Malayalam Tamil
|-
| ''[[Jail (2009 film)|Jail]]''||Lawyer|| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2010 || ''[[Yaksha (film)|Yaksha]]'' || Machendranath Poonja || Kannada
|-
| ''Sukhaant'' || || rowspan="2" | Marathi
|-
| ''[[Natarang]]'' || Guna Kagalkar
|-
| ''[[Allah Ke Banday]]''||School Teacher|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Bumm Bumm Bole]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || ''[[Panjaa]]'' || Kulkarni|| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|-
| ''[[Koffi Bar]]'' || Business man
|-
| ''[[Aagaah: The Warning]]'' || Aazan Khan|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Chaalis Chauraasi]]'' || Bobby
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Suzhal (film)|Suzhal]]'' || Surya Narayanan || Tamil
|-
| ''[[Edegarike]]''|| [[Agni Shridhar]]|| Kannada
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2013 || ''Nimidangal''|| Business man|| rowspan="2" | Tamil
|-
| ''[[Aarambam]]''|| JCP Milind Virekar
|-
| ''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]'' || Inspector Shinde|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Popat (film)|Popat]]'' || Janya|| Marathi
|-
| ''[[Vallinam]]'' || Basketball Coach<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA546 | title=Pride Of Tamil Cinema: 1931 To 2013 | publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers | author=G Dhananjayan | year=2014 | pages=546}}</ref>|| Tamil
|-
| ''[[Premachi Goshta (film)|Premachi Goshta]]'' || Ram|| Marathi
|-
| ''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Zanjeer]]''|| Jayadev|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[The Lovers (2013 film)|The Lovers]]'' || Raoji|| English
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014 || ''[[@Andheri]]'' || Rajan Pilla|| Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Ugramm]]'' || Dhiraj Shivrudralingaiah|| Kannada
|-
| ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' || Aadalarasu||Tamil
|-
| ''[[Abhinetri (2014 film)|Abhinetri]]'' || || Kannada
|-
| ''[[Burma (film)|Burma]]'' || Bothra Seth||Tamil
|-
| ''[[Happy Journey (2014 Marathi film)|Happy Journey]]'' || Niranjan||[[Marathi cinema|Marathi]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015 || ''[[Dirty Politics (film)|Dirty Politics]]'' || Police Inspector|| Hindi
|-
| ''[[Mythri (2015 film)|Mythri]]'' || Raviprakash|| Kannada Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Jazbaa]]'' || Lawyer|| Hindi
|-
| ''Nellikka'' || Satheesh|| rowspan="2" | Malayalam
|-
| ''[[Kanal (2015 film)|Kanal]]'' || Kuruvila Mathew
|-
| ''[[Rajwade and Sons]]'' || Shubhankar Rajwade|| [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''Pranam'' || || rowspan="3" | Hindi
|-
| ''[[Akira (2016 Hindi film)|Akira]]'' || Akira's father
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2017 || ''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]'' || Jairaj
|-
| ''[[The Ghazi Attack (film)|The Ghazi Attack]]'' || Lieutenant Commander Santosh Devraj|| Telugu Hindi
|-
| ''[[Bongu (film)|Bongu]]'' || Subash, assistant commissioner|| Tamil
|-
|''[[Aval (2017 film)|Aval The House Next Door]]'' || Paul, Jenny's Father|| Tamil Hindi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/05/mani-ratnam-isnt-a-fan-of-horror-films-milind-rau-1666865.html|title = Mani Ratnam isn't a fan of horror films: Milind Rau| date=5 October 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Koode]]'' || Coach Ashraf|| Malayalam
|-
|2018||''Black Bud''||Mehmood Khan|| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|-
| rowspan="8" |2019||''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''||[[Tatya Tope]]
|-
|''[[706 (film)|706]]'' || Shekhawat
|-
|''[[Mere Pyare Prime Minister]]''||In PMO
|-
|''[[Junglee (2019 film)|Junglee]]''|| Keshav Kotian
|-
|''[[Majili]]''|| Anshu's Father||Telugu
|-
|''[[Athiran]]''||Dr. Benjamin Diaz|| rowspan="2" |Malayalam
|-
|''[[Valiyaperunnal]]''|| Shivaji
|-
|''[[Alidu Ulidavaru]]''||Police Inspector||Kannada
|-
|2020||[[Wild Dog (film)|''Wild Dog'']]<ref>{{Cite web|last=K.|first=Janani|date=29 August 2020|title=Nagarjuna turns 61: Wild Dog team unveils new poster on actor's birthday|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nagarjuna-turns-61-wild-dog-team-unveils-new-poster-on-actor-s-birthday-1716427-2020-08-29|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011122702/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nagarjuna-turns-61-wild-dog-team-unveils-new-poster-on-actor-s-birthday-1716427-2020-08-29 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=29 August 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>||DIG Hemanth||Telugu
|-
|2021||''[[Koi Jaane Na]]''|| Dr. Rao|| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022||''[[A Thursday]]''|| Javed Khan
|-
|''Manasmita''|| Panchakshari ||Kannada
|-
|''[[Anya]]''|| Panchakshari ||Marathi
|-
|2023 ||''[[Khufiya]]'' || Shashank Mehra, KM's ex-husband || Hindi
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Ekka (film)|Ekka]]'' || Masthan Bhai || Kannada
|-
| 2026 || {{pending film|[[Dacoit: A Love Story]]}} || {{TBA}} || Telugu Hindi
|}

=== As screenwriter ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Language
|-
|2022
|''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''
|Hindi
|}

=== Television/web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Series
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2017{{endash}}18
| ''[[The Test Case (web series)|The Test Case]]''
| Colonel Ajinkya Sathe
|
|-
|2019–2023
| ''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City of Dreams]]''
| Ameya Rao Gaikwad
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
| ''The Raikar Case''
| Yashwant Naik Raikar
|
|-
| ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
| Digvijay Rathore
|
|-
| ''[[Sandwiched Forever]]''
| VK Sarnaik
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sandwiched-forever-review-kunaal-and-aahana-show-is-a-feel-good-christmas-watch-1752958-2020-12-25|title=Sandwiched Forever Review: Kunaal and Aahana show is a feel-good Christmas watch
|date=25 December 2020
|publisher=India Today|language=en-US|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2021–present
| ''Faraar - Kab Tak?''
| Host
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Rudra: The Edge Of Darkness]]''
| DCP Gautam Navlakha
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Happy Family: Conditions Apply]]''
|Ramesh Mansukhlal Dholakia
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class= "wikitable sortable"
! Awards
!Year
!Film
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|Rowspan="2"|[[National Film Awards]]
| '''[[47th National Film Awards|2000]]'''
| ''[[Hey Ram]]''
| rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{won}}
|<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=13 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022161229/http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[49th National Film Awards|2003]]'''
| ''[[Chandni Bar]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="49thawardPDF2">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=14 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004607/http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[46th Filmfare Awards|2001]]
|[[Hey Ram]]
|[[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]]
|[[4th Asia Pacific Screen Awards|2010]]
|''[[Natarang]]''
|'''[[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Performance by an Actor|Best Performance by an Actor]]'''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/after-atul-kulkarni-got-nominated-for-the-best-actor-award-at-the-asia-pacific-screen-awards-2010-for-his-role-in-natrang-the-actor-admitted-that-its-great-to-see-a-marathi-film-compete-with-movies-internationally-though-natrang-has-been-appreciated-earlier-this-nomination-is-the-biggest-accolade-for-the-film-till-date-ive-always-believed-that-the-more-regional-a-film-is-the-more-universal-it-becomes-atul-said-/articleshow/6774959.cms |title=After Atul Kulkarni got nominated for the Best Actor award at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards 2010 for his role in Natrang... |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 October 2010 |access-date=27 July 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[60th Filmfare Awards South|2012]]
|[[Edegarike]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada|Best Supporting Actor – Kannada]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name="Kannada">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Atul-Kulkarni-wears-a-Kannada-attire-for-his-Filmfare-award/articleshow/21211958.cms | title=Atul Kulkarni wears a Kannada attire for his Filmfare award | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=21 July 2013 | access-date=3 August 2015 | author=Sharanya CR | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529161510/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Atul-Kulkarni-wears-a-Kannada-attire-for-his-Filmfare-award/articleshow/21211958.cms | archive-date=29 May 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|[[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|2023]]
|[[Happy Family: Conditions Apply]]
| Best Actor Male in a Comedy Series
|{{Nom}}
|
|}

; [[VIFF Vienna Independent Film Festival]]
* 2019: '''Won''': Best Actor in ''Murder on the Road to Kathmandu''{{citation needed|date= January 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Atul Kulkarni}}
* {{IMDb name|0474609}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestSupportingActor}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulkarni, Atul}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:People from Belgaum]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Habibpur (community development block)

2026-03-23T13:30:53Z

MyronMullet1862: reworked citations additionally and corrected details for consistency

{{other uses|Habibpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Habibpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Habibpur in Malda (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.0184177|N|88.3589172|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 397.10
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 210,669
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 332122
| area_code_type = [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]]/telephone code
| area_code = 03511
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Habibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habibpur]], [[Maldaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maldaha]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Habibpur''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
===Gauda and Pandua===
[[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] was once the “capital of the ancient bhukti or political division of Bengal known as [[Pundravardhana]] which lay on the eastern extremity of the [[Gupta Empire]].” During the rule of the [[Sena Dynasty]], in the 11th-12th century, Gauda was rebuilt and extended as Lakshmanawati (later Lakhnauti), and it became the hub of the Sena empire. Gauda was conquered by [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] in 1205. During the Turko-Afghan period, “the city of Lakhnauti or Gauda continued to function initially as their capital but was abandoned in 1342 by the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahi sultans]] in favour of [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] because of major disturbances along the river course of the [[Ganges|Ganga]].” “Pandua then lay on the banks of the [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]], which was the major waterway of the sultanate at the time. However, when the Mahananda too began to veer away from the site of Pandua in the mid-15th century, Gauda was rebuilt and restored to the status of capital city by the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty|Hussain Shahi sultans]]”... With the ascent of [[Akbar]] to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] throne at Delhi... the Mughals annexed the ancient region of [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda]] in 1576 and created the Diwani of Bengal. The centre of regional power shifted across the Ganga to [[Rajmahal]]. Following the demise of the independent sultanate, the regional importance of the Gauda or Malda region declined irreversibly and the city of Gauda was eventually abandoned.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Malda district===
With the advent of the British, their trading and commercial interests focused on the new cities of Malda and English Bazar. Malda district was formed in 1813 with “some portion of outlying areas of Purnia, Dinajpur and Rajshahi districts”. A separate treasury was established in 1832 and a full-fledged Magistrate and Collector was posted in 1859. Malda district was part of Rajshahi Division till 1876, when it was transferred to Bhagalpur Division, and again transferred in 1905 to Rajshahi Division. With the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947, the [[Radcliffe Line]] placed Malda district in India, except the Nawabganj subdivision, which was placed in East Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 6-8: Brief History of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 6 January 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
Habibpur community development block is located at {{coord|25.0184177 |N|88.3589172|E|}}

Habibpur CD Block is a part of the [[Barind Tract]], one of the three physiographic subregions of the district, that spreads beyond the boundaries of the district. “This region is made up of the ancient alluvial humps that are remnants of old riverine flood plains that remained unaffected subsequently by inundation and renewed silting.” It forms an upland slightly higher than the surrounding areas. Habibpur and Bamangola CD Blocks constitute the Tangon-Punarbhaba [[interfluve]]s area. Barind soils permit little percolation and most of the monsoon runoff accumulates in the large natural [[Beel|bils]] (ponds) in the [[ravine]]s formed by the courses of the [[Tangon River|Tangon]] and [[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]] rivers, covering the lowlands.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=censusmap>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 439: Map of Habibpur CD Block|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 October 2018}}</ref>

Habibpur is bounded by [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]] CD Block for a short stretch on the north-east corner, [[Bamangola (community development block)|Bamangola]] CD Block on the north, [[Porsha Upazila]] of Naogaon District, Bangladesh, on the east, [[Gomostapur Upazila]] and [[Bholahat Upazila]] of Chapai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh, on the south, and
[[Old Malda (community development block)|Old Malda]] CD Block on the west.<ref name=censusmap/><ref>Google maps</ref>

Habibpur CD Block has an area of 397.10 km2.<ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = http://malda.nic.in/ |title = Habibpur at a Glance|access-date = 14 February 2011|work = Maldah District |publisher = District administration}}</ref> It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 11 [[gram panchayat]]s, 149 gram sansads (village councils), 288 [[mouza]]s and 233 inhabited villages. [[Habibpur, Malda#Police station|Habibpur]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 29 October 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Habibpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Maldah with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 29 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | title = BDO Offices under Malda District | work = Deoartment of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074655/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The ruins of a [[Pala Empire|Pala period]] Buddhist University have been excavated at Jagajibanpur village near the Punarbhaba River in Habibpur CD Block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = page 4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

165.5 km of the India-Bangladesh border is in Malda district. CD Blocks on the border are Bamangola, Habibpur, Old Malda, English Bazar and Kaliachak-III. The [[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]] flows along the international border in Bamangola and Habibpur CD Blocks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbdmd.gov.in/writereaddata/uploaded/DP/Malda.pdf|title = Foreword | publisher= District administration | access-date = 15 November 2018 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Habibpur block/ panchayat samiti are:Mangalpura, Aktail, Baidyapur, Jajoil, Kanturka, Habibpur, Bulbulchandi, Aiho, Rishipur, Srirampur and Dhumpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Malda district - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==


===Population===
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Habibpur CD Block had a total population of 210,669, of which 185,342 were rural and 25,357 were urban. There were 106,757 (51%) males and 103,942 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 26,815. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 105,386 (50.02%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 61,337 (29.11%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 21 October 2018}}</ref>

Census towns in Habibpur CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): [[Baksinagar]] (7,255), [[Kachu Pukur]] (5,752), [[Kendua, West Bengal|Kendua]] (6,452) and [[Aiho]] (5,898).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Habibpur CD Block were (2011 population in brackets): Chakli (4,211), Dalia (7,177) and Ganramari (5,636).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Habibpur CD Block included (2011 population in brackets): Mangalpura (1,063), Baidyapur (497), Habibpur (2,576), Bulbulchandi (2,915), Rishipur (2,844), Srirampur (1,746), Jajail (268) and [[Singhabad]] (1951).<ref name=census2011/>

'''Decadal [[Population growth|Population Growth]] Rate (%)'''
{{Graph:Chart
|width=300
|height=200
|legend=Legend
|xAxisTitle=X
|yAxisTitle=Y
|type= rect
|x=1971-1981,1981-1991,1991-2001,2001-2011
|y1 = 24.65,19.37,11.43,12.28
|y2 = 26.00,29.78,24.78,21.22
|y3 = 23.17,24.73,17.77,13.93
|colors = olive,yellow,violet
|y1Title= Habibpur CD Block
|y2Title=Malda district
|y3Title=West Bengal
}}
Note: The CD Block data for 1971–1981, 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 is for Habibpur PS

The decadal growth of population in Habibpur CD Block in 2001-2011 was 12.28%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001-2011, Page 50 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 30 April 2018 }}</ref> The decadal growth of population in Habibpur PS covering Habibpur CD Block in 1991-2001 was 11.43%. The decadal growth of population in Habibpur PS in 1981-91 was 19.37% and in 1971-81 was 24.65%.<ref name="humandev1">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 11-14 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate of population in Malda district was as follows: 30.33% in 1951–61, 31.98% in 1961–71, 26.00% in 1971–81, 29.78% in 1981–91, 24.78% in 1991-2001 and 21.22% in 2001–11.<ref name="growthmalda">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook | work = Malda - Table 2.3 Growth of Population by sex on different census years in the district of Malda | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Census of India 2011: Provisional Totals for West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | access-date = 26 April 2018}}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 13.93 in 2001–2011, 17.77% in 1991–2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Provisional population totals Paper I: West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971–1981.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title = District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas| work = Page 40, Table 3.2.1| publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010| access-date = 20 April 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180205044900/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| archive-date = 5 February 2018| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Malda district has the second highest decadal population growth rate, for the decade 2001–2011, in West Bengal with a figure of 21.2% which is much higher than the state average (13.8%).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook Maldah| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 15 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Uttar Dinajpur district has the highest decadal growth rate in the state with 23.2%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1904_PART_B_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Decadal growth rate of population is higher than that of neighbouring Murshidabad district, which has the next highest growth rate.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1907_PART_B_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf| title = Census of India 2011 District Census Handbook Murshidabad| work= Series 20, Part XII B, Page 14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref>

As per the Refugee Relief and Rehabilitation Department of the Government of West Bengal and 1971 census, only 1.7% of around 6 million refugees who had come in from erstwhile East Pakistan, were resettled in Malda district. The Barind tract was opened for refugee resettlement in the aftermath of the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/refugee-relief-and-rehabilitation | title = Refugee Relief and Rehabilitation | work = Government | publisher = Egiye Bangla | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.calternatives.org/resource/pdf/The%20Puzzling%20Numbers%20The%20Politics%20of%20Counting%20%27Refugees%27%20in%20West%20Bengal.pdf | title = The Puzzling Numbers: The Politics of Counting Refugees in West Bengal | first= Abhijit| last= Dasgupta| work = Table 1.2, Page 66| publisher = South Asian Refgees Watch, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2000 | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = page 91 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Population density in the district has intensified from 162 persons per km2 in 1901 to 881 in 2001 (i.e., around five times), which is highest amongst the districts of North Bengal. However, unlike the densely populated southern regions of West Bengal, urbanisation remains low in Malda district. North Bengal in general, and Malda in particular, has been witness to large scale population movement from other states in India and other districts of West Bengal, as well as from outside the country. The District Human Development Report for Malda notes, “Malda district has been a principal recipient of the human migration waves of the 20th century.”<ref name="humandev1"/>

There are reports of [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] coming through the international border. Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bangladesh-government-warns-india-of-increased-infiltration-by-jihadis-jmb-huji | title = Bangladeshi Govt warns India of increased infiltration by jihadis | date = 21 March 2017 | publisher = the quint |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/12105-infiltration-decreasing-through-india-bangla-border | title = Infiltration decreasing through India Bangla border | date = 23 December 2017 | publisher = Sunday Guardian |access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rediff.com/news/report/why-bsf-wants-817-km-of-indo-bangla-border-fenced-urgently/20160821.htm | title = Why BSF wants 81.7 km of Indo-Bangla border fenced urgently | publisher = Rediff.com. 21 August 2016 | access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html | title = Bangladeshi Infiltrators – the Reality Check | publisher = The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Habibpur CD Block was 108,136 (58.81% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 62,033 (66.69% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 45,103 (49.63% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 17.06%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Malda district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Habibpur CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|94.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|blue|2.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Sarnaism]]|maroon|1.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|1.28}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.21}}
}}

Hinduism is the predominant religion, with 94.96% of the population. Christianity is the second-largest religion, with Sarnaism and Islam as a micro-minority.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

As per 2014 District Statistical Handbook: Malda (quoting census figures), in the 2001 census, Hindus numbered 170,880 and formed 91.06% of the population in Habibpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 2,305 and formed 1.23% of the population. Christians numbered 2,730 and formed 1.45% of the population. Others numbered 11,735 and formed 6.25% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| title = District Statistical Handbook Malda 2014| work = Table 2.10 (a)| publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 27 October 2018| archive-date = 21 January 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| url-status = dead}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Habibpur CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 66.56 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 27.34 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value3 = 1.74 |color3 = gold
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.16 |color4 = orange
|label5 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value5 = 1.15 |color5 = tomato
|label6 = 'Other' Bengali |value6 = 1.01 |color6 = mediumpurple
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.04 |color7 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 66.56% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 27.34% [[Santali language|Santali]], 1.74% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 1.16% [[Hindi]] and 1.15% [[Khortha language|Khortha]] as their first language. 1.01% of the population spoke languages classified as 'Other' under Bengali.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per the [[Human Development Report]] for Malda district, published in 2006, the percentage of rural families in [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] category in Habibpur CD Block was 49.0%. Official surveys have found households living in absolute poverty in Malda district to be around 39%.<ref name="humandev2">{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 102-104 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 October 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the report, “An overwhelmingly large segment of the rural workforce depends on agriculture as its main source of livelihood, the extent of landlessness in Malda has traditionally been high because of the high densities of human settlement in the district… Although land reforms were implemented in Malda district from the time they were launched in other parts of West Bengal, their progress has been uneven across the Malda blocks… because of the overall paucity of land, the extent of [[Land reform in India|ceiling-surplus]] land available for redistribution has never been large… The high levels of [[rural poverty]] that exist in nearly all blocks in Malda district closely reflect the livelihood crisis… “<ref name="humandev2"/>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Habibpur CD Block'''
|value1 = 23.09
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 51.52
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 5.06
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 20.33
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Habibpur CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 22,299 and formed 23.09%, agricultural labourers numbered 49,750 and formed 51.52%, household industry workers numbered 4,882 and formed 5.06% and other workers numbered 19,636 and formed 20.33%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref> Total workers numbered 96,568 and formed 45.83% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 114,131 and formed 54.17% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 233 inhabited villages in Habibpur CD Block. All 243 villages (100%) have power supply. 229 villages (98.28%) have drinking water supply. 20 villages (8.58%) have post offices. 191 villages (81.97%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 69 villages (29.61%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 45 villages (19.31%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 7 villages (3%) have agricultural credit societies. 10 villages (4.29%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 80-81 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 2 November 2018}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
The upland regions in the Barind area are mono-cropped because of limitations regarding the use of tube wells here.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 91-100 | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Habibpur CD Block had 113 fertiliser depots, 13 seed stores and 60 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013–14.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda | work = Tables 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Habibpur CD Block produced 5,164 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 1,967 hectares, 21,577 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 5,280 hectares, 188 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 97 hectares, 1,238 tonnes of wheat from 454 hectares, 19 tonnes of maize from 5 hectares, 2,025 tonnes of jute from 125 hectares and 8,452 tonnes of potatoes from 303 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Habibpur CD Block was 10,770 hectares, out of which 358 hectares were irrigated by tank irrigation, 930 hectares by river lift irrigation, 197 hectares by deep tube wells, 3,678 hectares by shallow tube wells and 5,607 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Malda district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line|collapse=yes}}
In 2013–14, Habibpur CD Block had 4 ferry services and 4 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The railway track from Old Malda to [[Singhabad railway station]] passes through the Habibpur CD Block and there is an intermediate station at Bulbulchandi.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-old-malda-singhabad-passenger-55710/21597/1887/6297 | title= 55710 Old Malda-Singhabad passenger |publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 6 November 2018}}</ref> The [[Singhabad railway station|Singhabad]]-[[Rohanpur railway station|Rohanpur]] link is an active rail transit system across the India-Bangladesh border.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5208/Addendum+to+MOU+between+India+and+Bangladesh+to+facilitate+overland+transit+traffic+between+Bangladesh+and+Nepal |title = Addendum to MOU between India and Bangladesh to facilitate overland transit traffic between Bangladesh and India, 6 September 2011| publisher = Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India | access-date = 6 November 2018}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Habibpur CD Block had 155 primary schools with 16,805 students, 12 middle schools with 1,802 students, and Total 11 high schools with 4,104 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 29,654 students. Habibpur CD Block had 2 technical/ professional institutions with 147 students and 649 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,945 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Habibpur CD Block, amongst the 233 inhabited villages, 61 villages did not have a school, 143 villages had more than 1 primary school, 29 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Malda, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 720-21, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 3 November 2018}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Habibpur CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], with total 60 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 43 family welfare subcentres. 6,647 patients were treated indoor and 206,439 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

R.N.Roy Rural Hospital at [[Bulbulchandi]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Habibpur CD Block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Manikora (Bahadurpur PHC) (with 10 beds) and Goramary (Rishipur PHC) (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 November 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Malda}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Gour-Pandua}}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Malda topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Malda district]]

Patna Collectorate

2026-03-17T02:38:48Z

MyronMullet1862: adding initial details w/ sources

{{Short description|Government building in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Patna Collectorate
| image =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption =
| former_names =
| alternate_names = '''Patna district Collector Office'''
| pushpin_map = India Patna
| pushpin_map_alt =
| map_caption = Location within Patna
| building_type = [[Government of Bihar|Government]]
| architectural_style = [[Dutch architecture]] & [[British architecture]]
| structural_system =
| cost =
| location = [[Patna, Bihar]]
| client =
| owner = [[Government of Bihar]]
| current_tenants = Chandrashekhar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], District magistrate of Patna
| landlord =
| location_country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|37|17|N|85|8|53|E|display=inline}}
| altitude = {{convert|58|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| construction_start_date = 1857
| completion_date = 1867
| inauguration_date = 1938
| demolished_date =
| height = 
| diameter = 
| other_dimensions =
| floor_count =
| floor_area =
| architect =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| main_contractor =
| awards =
| parking =
| website = {{URL|patna.nic.in}}
| references =
}}

'''Patna Collectorate''' or '''Patna district Collector''' (District Collectorate, Patna) is administrative head office of [[District Collector|Collector]] of [[Patna district]] in [[Patna, Bihar]], India (district headquarters). It is on the bank of river [[Ganges]], close to [[Gandhi Maidan]]. It is in the style of [[Dutch architecture]] and [[British architecture]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-fm-bats-for-collectorate-linking-heritage-with-tourism-2862218/ |title=Bihar FM supports saving Dutch-era Collectorate, linking culture, heritage with tourism |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2016-06-19 |access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> and is over 200-year-old building complex. In 2008, the Collectorate was listed as heritage building by the [[Government of Bihar]].<ref name="deccanchronicle1">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/170416/dutch-govt-appeals-to-nitish-kumar-to-spare-collectorate-demolition.html |title=Dutch govt appeals to Nitish Kumar to spare Collectorate demolition |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |date= 17 April 2016|access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> In 2016, the government proposed its demolition and replacement with a new office complex. The Indian Supreme Court dismissed petitions from the [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]], a heritage organisation, to stay the demolition in May 2022, and the complex began to be razed the following day.<ref name=deccanherald1>{{cite news|newspaper=The Deccan Herald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/british-era-patna-dm-office-building-featured-in-gandhi-razed-1122444.html|title=British-era Patna DM office building featured in 'Gandhi' razed|date=29 June 2022|accessdate=15 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The Dutch first came to Patna in the early 17th century. The building was constructed by the [[Dutch East India Company]] and it was used as a godown during the [[Dutch India|Dutch period]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar 1740-1825 A.D. | publisher=University of Patna, 1948 | author=Kalikinkar Datta}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]], the British reused this building as Collectorate. The Collectorate started functioning from its present premises from 1857.<ref>{{cite book | title=Patna: A Monumental History | publisher=Department of Art, Culture and Youth, Government of Bihar | author=Vivek Kumar Singh, Sudhir Kumar Jha, Bihar (India). Youth, Art, and Culture Department | year=2008}}</ref> In 1938, the District Board building was added, which is built in the [[British architecture]].<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/patna-collectorate-unique-as-important-as-golghar-historians/article8608754.ece |title=Patna Collectorate unique, as important as Golghar: Historians |work=The Hindu |date=2016-05-17 |access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref>

In 2016, the Bihar government decided to dismantle the old buildings and replace them with a new complex. This led to widespread voiced protests and criticism by historians<ref name="thehindu1"/> and different organisations, most notably; the [[New Delhi]] based [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]]<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/patnas-historic-collectorate-faces-demolition-intach-opposes/articleshow/50981184.cms |title=Patna's historic Collectorate faces demolition; INTACH opposes - The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2016-02-14 |access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> and the [[London]] based [[Gandhi Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/london-based-gandhi-foundation-appeals-nitish-kumar-to-preserve-patna-collectorate-2904869/ |title=London-based Gandhi Foundation appeals Nitish Kumar to preserve Patna Collectorate |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2016-07-10 |access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> In April 2016, Ambassador of the Netherlands to India Alphonsus Stoelinga in a letter to Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] appealed to spare Collectorate.<ref name="deccanchronicle1"/> Legal challenges to the demolition were dismissed by the Indian Supreme Court in May 2022, and by June, several parts of the complex, including the District Magistrate's office, were destroyed.<ref name=deccanherald1/>

A 1920s-vintage coal-fired steamroller built by [[John Fowler & Company]] of Leeds and used to smoothen roads in India during British rule was discovered in one of the buildings of the Collectorate. After campaigns by locals, Patna Museum acquired it for display.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/preserving-last-of-the-steamrollers-that-powered-the-raj-hxffqfp7l|author=Amrit Dhillon|title=Preserving last of the steamrollers that powered the Raj|date=|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>

==Overview==
The Collectorate is headed by the [[District collector]] (also called magistrates), an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer. Offices of The Additional District Magistrate & Deputy Collector (General), Deputy Collector (Land Acquisition), Deputy Collector (Revenue Recovery), Deputy Collector (Disaster Management), Deputy Collector (Election), Deputy Collector (Land Reforms) and office of the Senior Finance Officer are also functioning in Collectorate Building.

==External links==
*[http://patna.bih.nic.in/aspfiles/dm_successor.asp Successor list of Patna District Magistrate & Collector] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714181813/http://www.patna.bih.nic.in/aspfiles/dm_successor.asp |date=14 July 2018 }} Patna.bih.nic.in

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Patna}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Patna]]
[[Category:Government of Patna]]
[[Category:Dutch colonial architecture]]

Bhavanipur

2026-03-13T23:02:01Z

MyronMullet1862: new article...

{{Short description|Historical village in Mithila}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhavanipur
| official_name = Bhavanipur
| native_name = भवानीपुर
| native_name_lang = Mai
| other_name = Bhawanipur
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|26.2456520|N|86.0995561|E}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.2456520|N|86.0995561|E}}
| coor_pinpoint = Ugna Mahadev Mandir
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila region]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Madhubani district]]
| subdivision_type4 = Block
| subdivision_name4 = Pandaul
| population_total = 9809
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = India Census
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type2 = Additional language
| demographics2_title1 = Mother language
| demographics2_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
}}
'''Bhavanipur''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: भवानीपुर) is a historic village in the [[Madhubani district]] of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] in the state of [[Bihar]] in India. According to legend, it is said that [[Ugna Mahadev|Ugna]], the servant of [[Maithils|Maithil]] poet [[Vidyapati]] revealed his true identity as [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] to the poet in this village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधुबनी के भवानीपुर में भगवान शिव ने महाकवि विद्यापति को अपनी जटा से पिलाया था गंगाजल - Lord Shiva had made Mahakavi Vidyapati drink Gangajal from his hair in Bhawanipur Madhubani |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-lord-shiva-had-made-mahakavi-vidyapati-drink-gangajal-from-his-hair-in-bhawanipur-madhubani-22508626.html |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=...जब चूल्हे की जलती लकड़ी से हुई भगवान शिव की पिटाई, हुआ ये अंजाम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/spirituality/religion/story-of-ugna-mahadev-temple-in-bhawanipur-village-at-madhubani |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-02-18 |title=Mahashivratri: विद्यापति के यहां काम करते थे भोलेनाथ.. मधुबनी के उगना महादेव मंदिर का है विशेष महत्व |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/madhubani/history-of-ugna-mahadev-temple-of-madhubani/bh20230218173757252252015 |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to population census 2011, the total population of the village is 9809.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population finder {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]

{{Madhubani-geo-stub}}

Velir

2026-03-13T22:30:58Z

MyronMullet1862: add section additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Royal house of Yadu dynasty}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Royal house|
| image = பாரி முல்லைக்குத் தேரீதல் (படிமம்).JPG
| image_caption = A statue of the Sangam period Velir king
| alt = A statue of Sangam period Velir kingcoat of arms=
| country =
| titles = Satyaputra
| founder =
| final ruler =
| region = [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]
| current head =
| founding year =
| dissolution =
| cadet branches =
| other_families = [[Ay dynasty|Ay]] [[Athiyamān]] [[Irunkōvēl]] [[Ilanji Vel]] [[Malayamān]] [[Mushika Dynasty|Nannan]] [[Vēl Pāri]] Vel Avi Pekan
}}

The '''Velir''' <ref name="Pruthi Sharma 1995 p.99">{{cite book | last1=Pruthi | first1=R. | last2=Sharma | first2=B.R. | title=Buddhism, Jainism and Women | publisher=Anmol Publications | series=Encyclopaedia of women society and culture series | year=1995 | isbn=978-81-7488-085-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvoQAQAAIAAJ&q=velirs+or+vellalas | page=99}}</ref><ref name="Sivaratnam 1964 p.36">{{cite book | last=Sivaratnam | first=C. | title=An Outline of the Cultural History and Principles of Hinduism | publisher=Stangard Printers | year=1964 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7xWAAAAMAAJ&q=velirs+or+vellalas | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=36}}</ref><ref name="Chakravarti 1953 p.25">{{cite book | last=Chakravarti | first=A. | title=Tirukkural | publisher=Diocesan Press | year=1953 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBx4AAAAIAAJ&q=velirs+or+vellalas | language=lt | page=25}}</ref><ref name="Orr 2000 p. 209">{{cite book | last=Orr | first=L.C. | title=Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God: Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=South Asia Research | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-19-535672-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F___xKcP8lMC&dq=term%20velir&pg=PA209 | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=209}}</ref><ref name="Iyer 1968 p.4">{{cite book | last=Iyer | first=L.A.K. | title=Social History of Kerala: The Dravidians | publisher=Book Centre Publications | series=Monographs on man in India | year=1968 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UU5DAAAAYAAJ&q=velirs+or+vellalas | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=4}}</ref> were a [[royal house]] of minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in [[Tamilakam]] in the early historic period of [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="Meluhha and Agastya">{{cite web|url=http://www.harappa.com/arrow/meluhha_and_agastya_2009.pdf|title=Meluhha and Agastya : Alpha and Omega of the Indus Script|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|year=2009|location=Chennai, India|page=16|quote=The story of the southern migration of the Vēḷir from Dvārakā under the leadership of Agastya is narrated by Naccinarkkiniyar in his commentary on Tolkāppiyam (pāyiram; Poruḷ. 34). According to this legend, the gods congregated on Mount Meru as a result of which the earth tilted, lowering Meru and raising the southern quarter. The gods thereupon decided that Agastya was the best person to remedy this situation and requested him to proceed to the South. Agastya agreed and, on his way, visited Tuvarāpati’ (Dvārakā) and led the descendants of neṭu-muṭi-an{{!}}n{{!}}al (Viṣṇu or Krṣṇa) including eighteen kings, eighteen families of the Vēḷir and the Aruvāḷar' to the south, where they settled down clearing the forests and cultivating the land.}}</ref> They had close relations with [[Chera dynasty|Chera]], [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] and [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] rulers through ruling and coronation rights.<ref name="de Laet Herrmann 1996 p. 382">{{cite book | last1=de Laet | first1=S.J. | last2=Herrmann | first2=J. | title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. | publisher=Routledge | year=1996 | isbn=978-92-3-102812-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA382 | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=382}}</ref><ref name="Singh Thirumalai Manoharan Anthropological Survey of India 1997 p.1647">{{cite book | last1=Singh | first1=K.S. | last2=Thirumalai | first2=R. | last3=Manoharan | first3=S. | author4=Anthropological Survey of India | title=Tamil Nadu | publisher=Affiliated East-West Press [for] Anthropological Survey of India | series=People of India | issue=pt. 3 | year=1997 | isbn=978-81-85938-88-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XLiAAAAMAAJ&q=velir+coronation | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=1647}}</ref><ref name="Cuppiramaṇiyan̲ Tirunāvukkaracu International Institute of Tamil Studies 1983 p.269">{{cite book | last1=Cuppiramaṇiyan̲ | first1=C.V. | last2=Tirunāvukkaracu | first2=K.T. | author3=International Institute of Tamil Studies | title=Historical Heritage of the Tamils | publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies | series=Publication (International Institute of Tamil Studies) | year=1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXIeAAAAMAAJ&q=velir++relation | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=269}}</ref> Medieval inscriptions and Sangam literature claim that they belong to the [[Yadu dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Padmaja |first=T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&q=yadu-kula&pg=RA1-PA34 |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu |date=2001 |publisher=Institute of Asian Studies |isbn=9788170173984 |pages=33–35 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="van Bakel Hagesteijn van de Velde 1994 p. 175">{{cite book | last1=van Bakel | first1=M. | last2=Hagesteijn | first2=R. | last3=van de Velde | first3=P. | title=Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes | publisher=Het Spinhuis | year=1994 | isbn=978-90-5589-007-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA175 | access-date=2022-12-22 | page=175}}</ref><ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15">{{cite book | last1=Ayyar | first1=K.R.S. | last2=Government Museum (Chennai | first2=India) | title=Inscriptions in the Pudukkóttai State | publisher=Commissioner of Museums, Government of Tamilnadu | issue=pt. 1 | year=2002 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jk5mAAAAMAAJ&q=Vikramakesari+yadhu | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=15}}</ref> Velir may refer to master of land.<ref name="Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu">{{cite book|title= Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu |first= Naga Swami |last= R |publisher= Delhi Sundeep Prakashan |year=1980 |page=12|url=https://archive.org/details/bUeW_art-and-culture-of-tamilnadu-by-r.-naga-swami-1980-delhi-sundeep-prakashan-delhi/page/11/mode/2up?q=velir
}}</ref>

==Origin==
[[File:The Hindu Sage Agastya.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A 12th-century statue of Agastya]]

The [[Purananuru]], one of the [[Eight Anthologies]] of [[Sangam literature]], praises King [[Irunkōvēl]], a 49th generation descendant of the Vēlir clan whose ancestors appeared from the pitcher (தடவு) of a Northern sage ([[Agastya]]), and said to have ruled Thuvarai ([[Dvārakā]]) with a fort containing tall huge walls made of bronze.<ref name="Hart Heifetz 2002 p. 127">{{cite book | last1=Hart | first1=G.L. | last2=Heifetz | first2=H. | title=The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom: An Anthology of Poems from Classical Tamil, the Purananuru | publisher=Columbia University Press | series=Translations from the Asian Classics | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-231-51252-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVdBeeiYxh4C&pg=PA127 | access-date=2023-05-16 | page=127}}</ref> According to a commentary on ''[[Tholkappiyam]]'', the earliest long work of [[Tamil literature]], eighteen clans of the Velirs came from the city of ''[[Dvārakā|Tuvarapati]]'' under the leadership of the sage [[Agastya]].<ref name="Meluhha and Agastya"/><ref name="pivotpolitics">Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes By M. van Bakel page 165: "The Velir were an instrusive group in South India... It is now suggested that (...) may have been associated with the [[Yadava]] of Dvaraka..."[https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations|author=Romila Thapar|publisher=Orient Blackswan, 1978 - India - 341 pages|page=224}}</ref> The legend goes that all the gods and sages went to the Himalayas to attend the marriage of [[Shiva|Siva]] with [[Parvati]] due to which the earth started tilting to one side. Agastya was then requested to proceed south to restore the balance. On his way south, Agastya married Lopamudra and is said to have brought with him sage Jamadagni's son Trnadhumagni or Tholkappiyar, the author of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] grammar, and eighteen members of the [[Vrishni]] family along with eighteen crore Velir and Aruvalar.<ref>{{cite book|title=Insights into Hinduism|author=Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar|publisher=Ajanta Publications, 1979|page=376}}</ref> It has been suggested by some like Thapar and Champakalakshmi, that the ancestors of the Velir may have been related to the Yadava of Dvaraka and the inhabitants of the post [[Harappa]]n Chacolithic Black and Red ware sites. According to Thapar, the Yadava may have belonged to a non Indo-Aryan language group.<ref name="pivotpolitics"/> They eventually reached [[Tamraparni]], and as the Velir-Perumakan group, cultivated its ancient society as a political, sociocultural and economic structure in South India and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thapar |first1=Romila |last2=Champakalakshmi |first2=Radha |last3=Gopal |first3=Sarvepalli |title=Tradition, Dissent and Ideology: Essays in Honour of Romila Thapar |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195638677 |page=309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ay9uAAAAMAAJ&q=velir+perumakan |access-date=5 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Historian [[R. Nagaswamy]] writes that quite a number of these velirs were indigenous and natives of Tamil country but some of the velirs seem to have migrated from dvaraka.<ref name="Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu"/>

The [[Irunkōvēl]] kings trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl.<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15"/><ref name="India. Archæological Dept 1913 p.122">{{cite book | author=India. Archæological Dept | title=Epigraphia Indica | series=[Reports].: New imperial series | issue=v. 12 | year=1913 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LBCAAAAYAAJ&q=The+Ko%E1%B8%8Dumb%C4%81%C4%BC%C5%ABr+inscription+of+Vikramak%C4%93sari+,+also+called+Tennavan+Ilang%C5%8Dv%C4%93l,+declares+that+he+belonged+to+the+Yadava+race | language=it | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=122}}</ref> The [[Moovar Koil]] record of Irukkuvel chief [[Boothi Vikramakesari]] lauds his father, Samarabirama, as ''Yadu-vamsa-ketu'' (Banner of the Yadu race).<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15" /><ref name="Indica 1995 p.93">{{cite book | title=Indica | publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College. | issue=v. 32 | year=1995 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hZDAAAAYAAJ&q=Vikramakesari+yadhu | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=93}}</ref> Historians consider the [[Ay dynasty|Ay]] velirs originated from the pastoralists of [[Abhira tribe|Ayars]] and they gained preeminence at an early stage in Tamil history.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=RA1-PA33 |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu |publisher=Institute of Asian Studies |date=2001 |first=T. |last=Padmaja |pages=33–34|isbn=9788170173984 }}</ref><ref name="Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction 2008 p. 23">{{cite book | title=Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction | publisher=Macmillan India | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-230-63530-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt9KHerkrkAC&pg=PA23 | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=23}}</ref><ref name="Matlock 2000 p. 100">{{cite book | last=Matlock | first=G. | title=India Once Ruled the Americas! | publisher=iUniverse | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-595-13468-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlnQmHpVSh8C&pg=PA100 | access-date=2022-12-12 | page=100}}</ref>

==History==
The Velir were prominent in the [[Sangam period]] of Tamil polity, economy, and society. They are traced to the [[Yadava]]s (Yadu descent) of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]] and linked up with all important dynasties of [[South India]] including the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]], and [[Satavahana dynasty|Andhras]].<ref name="Nākacāmi 1978 p.51">{{cite book |last=Nākacāmi |first=I. |title=South Indian Studies |publisher=Society for Archaeological, Historical & Epigraphical Research |series=SAHER pub |issue=v. 2 |year=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eW5DAAAAYAAJ&q=yadavas |language=de |access-date=2022-12-22 |page=51}}</ref> In Sangam literature, they are portrayed as independent chieftains who ruled in bordering areas of three major ruling dynasties, had considerable collective power and marriage alliances with [[Three Crowned Kings]].<ref name="Ganesh 1993 p.49">{{cite book |last=Ganesh |first=K. |title=Boundary Walls: Caste and Women in a Tamil Community |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |series=Studies in sociology and social anthropology |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7075-023-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EShuAAAAMAAJ&q=velir |access-date=2022-12-20 |page=49}}</ref> "
{{div col|colwidth=13em}}
*[[Heheya kingdom|Haihayas]]
*[[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]]
*[[Nolamba dynasty|Nulambas]]
*Vaidhumbas
*[[Danda kingdom|Dhandakas]]
*[[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahanas]]
*[[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|Kalachuris]]
*[[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]]
*[[Andhra in Indian epic literature|Andhras]]<ref name="Biodiversity Heritage Library 1909 p.21">{{cite book | author=Biodiversity Heritage Library | title=Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society | publisher=Colombo Apothecaries Company | issue=v. 20, no. 60 - v. 21, no. 62 | year=1909 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jN0lAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2022-12-22 | page=21}}</ref>
*[[Kuntala country|Kunthalas]]
*Dhayanas
*[[Yadava|Yadhavas]]<ref name="Nākacāmi Nākacāmi Dikshitar 1997 p.192">{{cite book |editor-last=Nākacāmi |editor-first=I. |title=Studies in South Indian History and Culture |publisher=V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee |year=1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kRuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2022-12-22 |page=192}}</ref>
*[[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]]<ref name="Ali Mysore. University. Dept. of History 1972 p.48">{{cite book |last=Ali |first=B.S. |title=The Hoysaḷa Dynasty |publisher=Prasaranga, University of Mysore |year=1972 |language=la |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5o8ZnsSwL0kC&q=velir+sangam |access-date=2022-12-21 |page=48}}</ref>
*[[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakutas]]
*[[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]]<ref name="ReferenceA">Prācī-jyoti Digest of Indological Studies volumes 16-17 (1984), p. 115</ref>
*[[Bana kingdom|Banas]]
*[[Maurya Empire|Moryas]]
*[[Tondaiman|Thondayars]]
{{div col end}}

While most of the rulers are substantiated by epigraphs and literatures, some of their history of ruling some dynasties is not recorded.

Also, some of the medieval dynasties of the western half of the peninsula claim to be descended from [[Yadava|Yadhavas]] lineage and the Ay chiefs of [[Ay dynasty]] of the ninth century A.D. claim to be the [[Vrishni|Vrishni-kula]] as also the [[Mushika dynasty|Mushika]] kings who link themselves with [[Heheya kingdom|Haihaya]] origins.<ref name="Thapar 1978 p. 224">{{cite book | last=Thapar | first=R. | title=Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations | publisher=Orient Longman | year=1978 | isbn=978-81-250-0808-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fK3VTUrWsD0C&pg=PA224 | access-date=2022-12-21 | page=224}}</ref> The [[Periya Puranam]] describes about a Haiheya clan king [[Eyarkon Kalikama Nayanar]], he was a Vellalar saint and Commander-in-chief of the Chola army.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYjXAAAAMAAJ&q=Eyarkon%20vellala|title=Slaves of the Lord: The Path of the Tamil Saints|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=1988|last=Dehejia|first=Vidya|page=178 |isbn=978-8-12150-044-9}}</ref><ref name="The Religion And Philosophy Of Tevaram With Special Reference To Nampi Arurar In Four Volumes">{{cite book |title=The Religion And Philosophy Of Tevaram With Special Reference To Nampi Arurar In Four Volumes: Rangaswamy, M. A. Dorai |date=2015-06-30 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.90325/page/n463/mode/2up?q=eyarkon |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref> The Ay velir chieftains, who settled down in Ay county (near Kanyakumari), were quite prominent in Tamil Nadu during the sangam age.<ref name="Padmaja 2002 p. 127">{{cite book |last=Padmaja |first=T. |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-7017-398-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=PA127 |language=la |access-date=2022-12-22 |page=127}}</ref>

The [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]] and [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]] belonging to Manavya gotra as being the descendants of the original ancestress Hariti.<ref name="Krishnarao 1939 pp. 386–410">{{cite journal |last=Krishnarao |first=B. V. |title=The Origin and the Original Home of the Calukyas |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher=Indian History Congress |volume=3 |year=1939 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44252388 |pages=386–410 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44252388 |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref> The Karmandala Satakam states that the Velirs of karmandalam belong to the same "Manavya" Gotra.<ref name="Vijayalakshmi, Usha R 2010">{{cite journal |journal= "Karmandala Satakam: Politico-Socio-Cultural Analysis of Medieval Tamil Literature on the Vellala Community of South Karnataka |year=2010 |last=Vijayalakshmi |first=Usha R |title= Karmandala Satakam: Politico-Socio-Cultural Analysis of Medieval Tamil Literature on the Vellala Community of South Karnataka |volume=71 |page=430 |jstor=44147510}}</ref> The Chalukya kings were called ''Velpularasar'' and ''Velkulattarasar'' by some communities, that is kings over ''Vel'' country (''pula'' means region or country).<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern|author=Raj Kumar|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2008|page=179}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Colas|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |publisher=Thompson & Co., Ltd., Printers, Madras|year=1937|page=11}}</ref> Later day references to them in Choļa inscriptions puts the Chalukyas under the Velir community ruling in Deccan.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

[[File:South India in Sangam Period.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|left|[[Tamilakam]] in the [[Sangam Period]] ]]

The [[Ay dynasty|Ay Vels]] were one such Velir group that ruled the territory in and around [[Venad]] during the Sangam period. The word Venad is derived from ''Vel'' -nadu, that is the country ruled by ''Vel'' chieftains.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Kerala|author=R. Leela Devi|publisher=Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot|page=117}}</ref> We know of a queen of Vikramaditya Varaguna, an Ay king of 9th century who is referred to as Murugan Chenthi and as Aykula Mahadevi from inscriptions. Her father, an Ay chief called Chathan Murugan is described as a Vennir Vellala that is a [[vellalar|Vellala]] by birth,<ref>{{cite book|title=Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India|author=Burton Stein|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=350|year=1994}}</ref> in the Huzur plates of king Karunandakkan, the predecessor of Vikramaditya Varaguna.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern|author=Raj Kumar|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|year=2008|page=181}}</ref>

The [[Irunkōvēl]] lines of Velir kings are considered to be of the same stock as the [[Hoysala]]s as in one of the Sangam poems, the ancestor of the Irungovel chieftain is said to have ruled the fortified city of Tuvarai. This city is identified with the Hoysala capital [[Dwarasamudra]] by some historians.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Tamilian Antiquary Volume 1, Issue 5|author= T.A. Society (Tiruchchirāppalli, India)|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1986|page=28}}</ref> Also, the legend of the chief killing a tiger (''Pulikadimal'') has a striking resemblance to the origin legend of the Hoysalas where "sala" kills the tiger to save a sage.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History|author= M. Arokiaswami|publisher= Amudha Nilayam|page=28}}</ref> As per historian Arokiaswami, the Hoysala title "Ballala" is only a variant of the Tamil word "Vellala".<ref>{{cite book|title= The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History|author= M. Arokiaswami|publisher= Amudha Nilayam|page=29}}</ref> The Hoysala king [[Veera Ballala III]] is even now locally known as the "Vellala Maharaja" in [[Thiruvannamalai]], the town that served as their capital in 14th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gopuras of Thiruvannamalai|author= F. H. Gravely|publisher=Commissioner of Museums, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2002|page=2}}</ref>

The Irungovel chieftains were related to the [[Chola]]s through matrimony.<ref name="Indu Banga Urban History Association of India Nehru Memorial Museum and Library 1991 p.61">{{cite book | author=Indu Banga | author2=Urban History Association of India | author3=Nehru Memorial Museum and Library | title=The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics | publisher=South Asia Publications | year=1991 | isbn=978-0-945921-17-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2TaAAAAMAAJ&q=irukkuvel%20chola%20matrimonial | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=61}}</ref><ref name="Tirumalai 1994 p.177">{{cite book | last=Tirumalai | first=R. | title=Collected Papers: Studies in South Indian Epigraphy and History of Land Organisation, Development and Accounts and Select Chola, and Pandyan Townships | publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu | series=T.N.D.A. pub | year=1994 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-C9uAAAAMAAJ&q=irukkuvel+chola+matrimonial | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=177}}</ref> These princes assumed both the Chola and Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of [[Kulottunga I]] and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of [[Kulothunga Chola III|Kulottunga III]].<ref name="Balasubrahmanyam Venkataraman Ramachandran 1979 p.80">{{cite book | last1=Balasubrahmanyam | first1=S.R. | last2=Venkataraman | first2=B. | last3=Ramachandran | first3=B. | title=Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280) | publisher=Mudgala Trust | year=1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ujVAAAAMAAJ&q=Gangaikonda+Cholan+alias+Irungolan+during+the+time+of+Kulottunga+I | language=jv | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=80}}</ref>

Kaluvul was a velir chieftain of Kamur who fought against the chera supremacy.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH1uAAAAMAAJ&q=kaluvul+velir|title=
History of Kongu: Pre-historic period to 1300 A.D|last= V |first= Ramamurthy|publisher= International Society for the Investigation of Ancient Civilization|year=2008|page=104}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnoOAAAAYAAJ&q=kaluvul+chera|title=
Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad: To A.D. 1336|last= C. E. |first= Ramachandran |publisher= University of Madras|year=1974|page=50}}</ref> Perum chera irumporai along with fourteen chieftains attacked kamur but perum chera irumporai was impressed with Kaluvuls resistance in battle field and let him rule kamur and accepted friendship from him.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnoOAAAAYAAJ&q=kaluvul+chera|title=
Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad: To A.D. 1336|last= N |first= Subrahmanian |publisher= Ennes|year=2008|page=42}}</ref> Some of the velirs under Kaluvul joined the chera after the defeat.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXkOAAAAYAAJ&q=kaluvul|title=
A Study of the Literature of the Cēra Country Upto 11th Century A.D.|last= Ci|first= Pālacuppiramaṇiyan̲ |publisher= University of Madras|year=2007|page=29}}</ref>

===Sangam literature===
The [[Purananuru]], one of the [[Eight Anthologies]] of [[Sangam literature]], praises King [[Irunkōvēl]], a 49th generation descendant of the Vēlir clan whose ancestors appeared from the pitcher (தடவு) of a Northern sage ([[Agastya]]), and said to have ruled Thuvarai ([[Dvārakā]]) with a fort containing tall huge walls made of bronze.<ref name="Hart Heifetz 2002 p. 127"/>

===Velir chiefs===
[[File:Moovar Koil Temple.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|right|[[Moovar Koil]] Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari]]

[[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci]] and his son Ezhini, were [[Athiyamān]] chieftains, based in Tagadur (present day village located in [[Dharmapuri district]]). They were contemporaries of [[Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)|Auvaiyar]]. The Sangam poem "''Thagadur yathirai''", now lost, was written about his battle with the Chera king. Another Velir was [[Irunkōvēl]] who ruled over Konaadu, the area in and around [[Pudukottai]], with their capital in [[Kodumbalur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in the History of Ancient Townships in Pudukkottai|first=R.|last=Tirumalai|publisher=Institute of Epigraphy, State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=1981|page=1}}</ref> Nannan was another Velir chieftain who hailed from [[Tulu Nadu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Culture of Creativity: Footprints of Indian Civilization, Volume 3 of Panorama of Indian Culture|isbn=8178880253|author=Rohan Peter, Utsav Manihara|publisher=Dominant Publishers and Distributors|year=2001|page=10}}</ref> Yet another Velir chief was Pekan of the Vel Avi family who ruled over Pothini, the modern [[Palani]] near [[Madurai]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Other ancient Velir chiefs of repute include Alumbil Vel, Alandur Vel, [[Ilanji Vel]] and Nangur Vel.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor1-first=Martin |editor2-first=Renée |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Piet |editor3-last=van de Velde |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of the Perumakan: South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-5589-007-1 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Ay dynasty]]
*[[Agastya]]

==References==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Kingdoms of Kerala]]
[[Category:Tamil empires and kingdoms]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil history]]

Dinkarrao Javalkar

2026-03-12T07:10:06Z

MyronMullet1862: Created bio!

{{Short description|Social activist (1898–1932)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dinkarrao Javalkar
| native_name = दिनकरराव जवळकर
| native_name_lang =mr
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1898
| birth_place = Alandi (Chorachi), District Pune
| death_date = 1932 (age 34)
| death_place = Pune
| occupation = Journalist, social activist
| years_active = 1917–1932
| notable_works = ''Deshache Dushman'', ''Krantiche Ranashing''
}}
'''Dinkarrao Javalkar''' ({{langx|mr|दिनकरराव जवळकर}}, 1898–1932) was a social activist and a leader of non-Brahmin movement in [[Bombay Presidency]]. He, along with [[Keshavrao Jedhe]], first emerged as a young leader of non-Brahmin movement in [[Pune]], and later gained state-wide reputation for his scathing critic of [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] and [[Vishnushastri Chiplunkar]] in his book ''Deshache Dushman (Enemies of the Country).'' Started as a principled follower of [[Mahatma Phule]], he further turned more towards [[communism]] and worked to bring communist principles together with teachings of [[Satyashodhak Samaj]].{{sfn|Omvedt|1973|p=801}}

==Early life==
Jawalkar(जवळकर)was born in a Maratha peasant family in 1898 at Alandi (Chorachi) near Pune. His family owned 5-6 acres of land, which they had to sell in 1926. He got married in the same year. Without any other source of steady income, his livelihood mainly depended upon writing and patronage.{{sfn|Omvedt|1973|p=800}}

He completed his education till matriculation. Around this time, he came in contact with [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu Maharaj]] of Kolhapur who got impressed by his fierce writing and oratory and asked him to come [[Kolhapur]]. At Kolhapur, he managed a newspaper ''Tarun Maratha (Young Maratha).'' He left Kolhapur in 1921 and settled at Pune. At Pune, he started working with [[Keshavrao Jedhe]], a prominent non-Brahmin leader of his time.{{sfn|Patil|1996|pages=36-37}}

==Background to ''Deshache Dushman''==
The Pune of early 1900s was notably divided in orthodox conservatives and reformers. The reformer faction was led by various leaders of Satyashodhak Samaj, most prominently by Shahu Maharaj, while Tilak was the leader of the conservatives. The conservatives would oppose any measures of social reforms that the reformers would try to achieve.<ref>{{harvnb|Nalawade|1989|p=61}} notes that many leaders of Tilak party suggested that "only boys should be brought under the scheme of free and compulsory education and not girls."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Nalawade|1989|pages=78–79}}: "In a meeting of the municipality convened on 31 July 1925, Keshavrao Jedhe moved a resolution seeking to throw open the public tanks and taps maintained at the cost of municipality to all the touchables and untouchables alike. The resolution was opposed by Brahmin members.."</ref> Even after the death of Tilak in 1920 and of Shahu Maharaj in 1922, the two groups often resorted to fierce criticism of each others.<ref>{{harvnb|Nalawade|1989|p=69}} notes an almost vulgar nature of the abuses hurled by the two groups at each others. The conservative Tilak followers would call the reformers as येडझवे (fucktards) and the reformers would call the conservatives as षंढ (impotent). Nalawade (1989) also quotes examples like "अहो हे सुधारक नव्हे। पण असती येडझवे ।। यांचे कळेनात कावे । मारा यांना पैजार ।।", "आला आला छत्रपती मेळा। पळा भटांनो पळा।।", and "ज्या नराला चाड नाही। जो निर्लज्ज भाड खाई।। जो सदा द्रव्यास पाही।। तो एक षंढ जाणा।।"</ref>

In 1924, Pune Municipality erected statues of two prominent Brahmin figures - Tilak and Chiplunkar - in the city. Against this backdrop, the non-Brahmin group proposed a statue of [[Mahatma Phule|Mahatma Jotirao Phule]] to be installed at a suitable public place in the city. This proposal was vehemently opposed by the Brahmin group. B. B. Bhopatkar, a prominent Brahmin who ran a newspaper ''Bhala (Javelin)'' argued "what service Jotirao Phule rendered to Pune as to set up his public memorial? He was not a public figure but a sectarian."<ref>Quoted in {{harvnb|Nalawade|1989|p=79}}</ref>

==''Deshache Dushman''==
{{Quote box
|text=All Hindus are equal. No one is superior, no one is inferior. Let all flesh and blood be one. Four varnas are a real deceit. It's a tool to keep the non-Brahmins in slavery. There is no difference among the Hindus. Hindu is the only varna. If a Hindu eats or marries with another Hindu that's not ''[[adharma]].'' In contrast, what divide Hindus in the name of religion is not a dharma, but a trick by Brahmins. One who calls themselves a Hindu, whether they are Europeans or Africans, they are our coreligionists.
|author=Dinkarrao Javalkar
|source=''Deshache Dushman'' (1925){{sfn|Javalkar|2005|p=39}}
|width =40%
|align=right
}}
Javalkar wrote his most famous work ''Deshache Dushman'', literally ''Enemies of the Country'' in July 1925. The book was published by Keshavrao Jedhe and printed by R. N. Lad. Introduction to the book was written by Keshavrao Bagade, a non-Brahmin lawyer. The book was a blistering critic of Tilak and Chiplunkar in a tone that was intensely aggressive. Its language was fiery, sometimes even obscene.<ref>At one instance, he called Tilak ''mentor-in-chief of the dogs'' {{harvnb|Javalkar|2005|p=28}}</ref> He stated that Tilak and Chiplunkar were not national heroes as they were generally considered, but indeed enemies of the country. He further stated that Brahmins desired to consolidate their power and caste superiority by dividing the masses and keeping them trapped in the fabricated ideas of superiority and inferiority by birth.{{sfn|Nalawade|1989|p=81}}

He concluded the book with an appeal to all Hindus that they should free themselves from the slavery of Brahmanism and from the chains of caste system. He stated that only those Brahmins who stop considering themselves superior and unite with the masses with flesh and blood should be considered an ally.{{sfn|Javalkar|2005|p=39-40}} Though he heavily criticized the Brahmin caste, he also wrote favourably about some progressive Brahmin leaders of those times - Agarkar, Gokhale, Ranade - in the book itself.{{sfn|Javalkar|2005|p=8}}

While the book was admired by certain non-Brahmin leaders like [[Keshav Sitaram Thackeray]], it created an instant furore among the Brahmin group. In September 1925, one Shrikrishna Madhav Chiplunkar, nephew of Vishnushastri Chiplunkar filed a suit against Javalkar, Jedhe, Lad, and Bagade for defaming his family. The case was trialed before City Magistrate who gave his verdict on 15 September 1926. Javalkar and Lad were sentenced to imprisonment for one year. Jedhe and Bagade were sentenced for six months. The court also imposed monetary fine on all four of them. All of them were sent to Yerwada Jail and remained in jail until bail was achieved after two weeks.{{sfn|Nalawade|1989|p=84-85}}

Javalkar and others appealed in a higher court in October 1926. In the appeal, Dr. [[B. R. Ambedkar]] appeared for Javalkar and won the case resulting in acquittal of all four accused. The ''Deshache Dushman'' case was one of the first cases pleaded by Dr. Ambedkar who further went on to become an eminent jurist and first law minister of India.{{sfn|Keer|2006|p=72}}<ref>{{cite news |title=His fight for justice helped establish him as a lawyer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/His-fight-for-justice-helped-establish-him-as-a-lawyer/articleshow/51818305.cms |accessdate=17 September 2020 |agency=Times of India |date=14 April 2016 |ref=TOI2016}}</ref>

Because of its pugnacious language, ''Deshache Dushman'' turned out to be a very controversial book. Javalkar tried to publish its second edition; however, by that time differences grew between Jedhe and Javalkar, and the second edition could not happen. Even after his death, the book could not be republished until 1984 and its republished copies suffered mass burning in 1991.{{sfn|Paswan|2002|p=122}}

==Politics==
The results of [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]] in 1919 provided that seven seats would be reserved for non-Brahmin castes in Bombay presidency.{{sfn|Malage|2012|p=50}} During the same time, some non-Brahmin leaders whose works were previously restricted to social activities started taking part in active politics.{{sfn|Nalawade|1989|p=89-90}} Javalkar extensively travelled during this period. In May 1927, he along with Jedhe, toured [[Central Province and Berar]] and gave speeches at many places. The same year, he declared his support to [[Mahad Satyagraha]] by Dr. Ambedkar and also participated in burning of [[Manusmriti]].{{sfn|Keer|2006|p=117}}

In 1927, British government appointed [[Simon Commission]] to consider giving more political rights to Indians. As the commission had no Indian members, the non-Brahmin party, along with [[Indian National Congress]], decided to boycott this commission. However, there was an alternate view that held leaders of depressed communities should participate in working of the commission and press upon their issues. Dr. Ambedkar testified in front of the commission in October 1928.{{sfn|Keer|2006|p=133-135}} Javalkar decided to cooperate with the commission. This, however, created a riff between him and his long-time colleague Jedhe.{{sfn|Nalawade|1989|p=95}}

In 1927, Javalkar took upon editorship of a Marathi newspaper ''Kaivari'' from [[Bhaskarrao Jadhav]], another non-Brahmin leader and a member of legislative assembly of Bombay Presidency. Jadhav was already opposed by Jedhe for participating in electoral politics. Collaboration with Jadhav created further differences between Jedhe and Javalkar. However, his work at ''Kaivari'' brought him to support [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] movement of mill workers at Mumbai. He actively supported the workers' union and came to an opinion that the workers should struggle equally against both British government and against capitalism.<ref name=FOOTNOTEOmvedt1973801 />

Javalkar visited England in 1929–30 to further his cause of non-Brahmin movement. Back home in India, he was being criticized by Jedhe-led group of non-Brahmins for his alliance with Jadhav, who in turn was in collaboration with the British. His visit to England intensified his nationalist feelings and also brought him in contact with the British Communist Party. He came back to India in 1930 as a nationalist and a Marxist ready to spread socialist ideas and to form a radical anti-capitalist and nationalist peasant's movement.<ref name=FOOTNOTEOmvedt1973801 /> He also proposed that non-Brahmin party to change its caste-demonstrating name and assume ''Shetkari Paksha'' (Peasant Party) as its new name.{{sfn|Omvedt|1993|p=21}}{{sfn|Malage|2012|p=63|ps= Javalkar wrote a letter to Bhaskarrao Jadhav making him some suggestions. He suggested that NBP should change its caste-demonstrating name and assume Shetkari Paksha as its new name.}}

Javalkar continued with his writing after coming back from England. He wrote ''Krantiche Ranashing (The War-cry of Revolution)'', one of the earliest Marxist books in Marathi. In this book, he drew upon themes of Satyashodhak Samaj as a starting point and came to a conclusion that there would be no emancipation until religious bondage was broken. He strongly held that Indian peasants should come together under principles of socialism and form a peasant [[swaraj]].<ref name=FOOTNOTEOmvedt1973801 />

Javalkar edited a newspaper ''Tej'' for few months in 1931. His writing turned more towards socialism and their tone turned more revolutionary. In ''Tej'', he wrote articles some radical articles like "The Raising of a Peasant Army" and "Preparations for the First War of Freedom." Here he took a clear position that three chief enemies of masses were capitalism, feudalism, and imperialism. In these three, he maintained that feudalism and imperialism were already on decline and capitalism was the primary enemy.<ref name=FOOTNOTEOmvedt1973801 />

Javalkar had, through his writing and speeches, had created strong connect with masses of rural Maharashtra like no other communist leaders of his time. Within the non-Brahmin party, he was trying to form a group with a well-defined constitution, anti-capitalist ideology, and a new flag with a plough as its symbol.{{sfn|Omvedt|1973|p=802}}

On 16 January 1931, Javalkar was arrested for giving a speech at Azad Maidan Solapur in spite of prohibitory orders by the government. He was sentenced to imprisonment for one-and-a-half year. Though, he was released in March as a result of [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]].{{sfn|Nalawade|1989|p=101}}{{sfn|Patil|1996|p=25}}

==Death and legacy==
Javalkar mostly remained sick after his return from England. Meanwhile, his tours and speeches were still ongoing. After his release from prison in March 1931, he visited Nagpur on invitation of the non-Brahmin movement there. He fell sick at Nagpur. On his way back, he participated in [[Kalaram Temple]] satyagraha at Nashik under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar. At Nashik, his health deteriorated further and he returned to Pune where he saw no improvement. He died of consumption on 3 May 1932.{{sfn|Patil|1996|p=38}} He was survived by his wife Indutai and son Shivajirao.{{sfn|Patil|1996|p=248}}

Javalkar strived to create a well-organized peasant's organisation within the non-Brahmin party. {{harvp|Omvedt|1973}} notes "though the radical peasant organisation that Javalkar projected did not come to fruition, but its beginnings were suggestive." Indeed, [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]] was formed about a decade and a half after his death by the very own non-Brahmin leaders - Keshavrao Jedhe and others - that were part of [[Indian National Congress]] during his lifetime.{{sfn|Omvedt|1973|p=803}}

==Notes and references==
<references />
* {{cite book |last1=Javalkar |first1=Dinkarrao |title=Deshache Dushman |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1925 |publisher=Sumedh Prakashan |location=Pune |language=Marathi}}
* {{cite journal |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |title=Non-Brahmans and Communists in Bombay |journal=Economic & Political Weekly |date=1973-04-28 |volume=8 |issue=17 |pages=800–805 |jstor=4362584 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4362584 |accessdate=17 September 2020}}
* {{cite book |last1=Omvedt |first1=Gail |title=Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India |date=1993 |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |isbn=9780765631763 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlxb0uacnRcC&q=dinkarrao%20javalkar&pg=PA21 |accessdate=17 September 2020}}
* {{cite thesis |last1=Nalawade |first1=Vijay |title=Life and Career of Keshavrao Jedhe |type=PhD |date=1989 |publisher=Shivaji University |location=Kolhapur |hdl=10603/138403 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/138403 |accessdate=17 September 2020}}
* {{cite book |last1=Keer |first1=Dhananjay |title=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar |date=2006|publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Mumbai |isbn=9788171858927 |language=Marathi}}
* {{cite book |last=Malage |first=Vasant Dattu |title=Contribution of Sir Siddappa T Kambli in the Making of Modern Karnataka (1882-1956) |date=2012 |publisher=Shivaji University |location=Kolhapur |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/111582 |accessdate=18 September 2020 |chapter=Growth of Non-Brahmin Movement and Party|hdl=10603/111582 }}
* {{cite book |last=Patil |first=Khaserao, Himmatrao |title=महाराष्ट्रातील ब्राह्मणेतर चळवळ आणि दिनकरराव जवळकर - एक मूल्यमापन |date=1996 |publisher=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University |location=Aurangabad |hdl=10603/97806 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/97806 |accessdate=18 September 2020 |language=Marathi}}
* {{cite book |last1=Paswan |first1=Sanjay |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India |date=2002 |publisher=Kalpaz Publication |isbn=9788178351285 |pages=121–123 |volume=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ess-9bebEYC&dq=dinkarrao%20jawalkar&pg=PA122 |accessdate=18 September 2020}}

[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:1932 deaths]]
[[Category:Satyashodhak Samaj]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:1898 births]]

Dürrüşehvar Sultan

2026-03-08T03:01:40Z

MyronMullet1862: revised

{{Short description|Ottoman princess (1914–2006)}}
{{Redirect-distinguish-text|Durr-e-Shevar|the Pakistani telenovela, [[Durr-e-Shehwar]]}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Dürrüşehvar Sultan
| full name = {{langx|tr|Hatice Hayriye Ayşe Dürrüşehvar Sultan|italic=no}} {{langx|ota|خدیجه خیریه عائشه درشهوار سلطان}}
| title = Princess of [[Berar Division|Berar]] and Imperial Princess of the Ottoman Empire
| image = Cecil Beaton Photographs- Political and Military Personalities; Durri Shehvar, Princess IB783.jpg
| caption = Dürrüşehvar Sultan by [[Cecil Beaton]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1914|1|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = Çamlıca Palace, [[Üsküdar]], [[Istanbul|Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (present day [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|2|7|1914|1|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| burial_place = [[Brookwood Cemetery]]
| father = [[Abdulmejid II]]
| mother = [[Mehisti Hanım]]
| house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] (by birth) [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] (by marriage)
| house-type = Dynasty
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Azam Jah]]|1931|1954|end=divorced|}}
| issue = {{unbulleted list|[[Mukarram Jah]]|[[Muffakham Jah]]|}}
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}

'''Hatice Hayriye Ayşe Dürrüşehvar Sultan''' ({{langx|ota|خدیجه خیریه عائشه درشهوار سلطان}}; 26 January 1914 – 7 February 2006), after marriage named '''Durru Shehvar Durdana Begum Sahiba, Princess of Berar''';<ref>{{cite book|title=The Prescriber|year=1946|page=62}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Feudatory and zemindari India|year=1946|page=241}}</ref><ref name="Sitwell1953">{{cite book|author=Sacheverell Sitwell|title=Truffle Hunt with Sacheverell Sitwell|year=1953|publisher=Hale|page=86}}</ref> was an Ottoman princess by birth and Hyderabad princess by marriage. She was the only daughter of the last caliph [[Abdulmejid II]], who was the last [[Line of succession to the former Ottoman throne|heir apparent]] to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman dynasty|Imperial throne]] and the last [[List of caliphs#Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)|Caliph]] of the [[Ottoman Caliphate]].

==Early life==
[[File:Rukiye Sabiha Sultan wedding.jpg|thumb|right|Dürrüşehvar (second from left) at the wedding of [[Sabiha Sultan]], April 1920]]
[[File:Princess Durru Shehvar.jpg|thumbnail|right|Dürrüşehvar at nine and a half years old, 1923]]
Dürrüşehvar Sultan was born on 26 January 1914 at the Çamlıca Palace<ref name="adra">{{cite book|first=Jamil|last=Adra|title=Genealogy of the Imperial Ottoman Family 2005|url=https://archive.org/details/GenealogyOfTheImperialOttomanFamily2005|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/GenealogyOfTheImperialOttomanFamily2005/page/n24 37-38]}}</ref> in [[Üsküdar]], then part of [[Istanbul|İstanbul]], when the [[Ottoman Caliphate]] was passing through its last phase. Her father was the future Caliph [[Abdulmejid II]], son of Sultan [[Abdulaziz]] and [[Hayranidil Kadın]]. Her mother was [[Mehisti Hanım]], daughter of Hacımaf Akalsba and Safiye Hanım.<ref>{{cite thesis|first=Lâle|last=Uçan|title=Son Halife Abdülmecid Efendi'nin Hayatı - Şehzâlik, Veliahtlık ve Halifelik Yılları |url=http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/60731.pdf |publisher=Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences |type=PhD Thesis |year=2019 |page=258}}</ref> She had a half-brother, [[Şehzade Ömer Faruk]], from her father's first consort.<ref name="adra"/>

At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Dürrüşehvar and her family settled in [[Nice]], [[France]]. The British Red Crescent Society, friendly with the deposed ruler, appealed to Muslim rulers around the world to come to the aid of the impoverished Caliph. Persuaded by [[Mawlānā|Maulana]] [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat Ali]] and his brother, Maulana [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]], [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] the last [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam of the Hyderabad State]] of [[India]] decided to send a life-time monthly pension of three hundred pounds to the deposed Caliph, and allowances to several individuals in the family.<ref name="Seshan 2018">{{cite web | last=Seshan | first=K S S | title=The progressive princess of Hyderabad | website=The Hindu | date=2018-10-30 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/princess-durru-shehvar-progressive-princess-of-hyderabad/article25368539.ece | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref>

==Marriage==
As a teenager, Dürrüşehvar's beauty attracted many suitors, despite belonging to a fallen dynasty. She was sought by the [[Reza Shah Pahlavi|Shah of Persia]] and [[King Fuad I]] of Egypt as a bride for their respective heirs, [[Mohammed Reza Pahlavi]] and [[Farouk I of Egypt|Farouk]], and by Prince [[Azam Jah]] (1907–1970), the eldest son and heir of Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan.<ref name="Khan 2020">{{cite web | last=Khan | first=Elisabeth | title=Ottoman Princesses in India (3). Princess Durru Shehvar, daughter of the… | website=Medium | date=2020-04-16 | url=https://medium.com/@khan.elisabeth/ottoman-princesses-in-india-3-4ecba7f12fa4 | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref> In 1930,<ref name="oztuna">{{cite book|author=Yılmaz Öztuna|title=II. Abdülhamîd: zamânı ve şahsiyeti|publisher=Kubbealti Publishing|year=2008
|pages=238–39|isbn=978-97564-446-27}}</ref> [[Şehzade Mehmed Abid]], son of Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]] and [[Saliha Naciye Hanım]] also asked her hand in marriage. However, her father refused, on the grounds of Dürrüşehvar being under age, but in reality Abdülmecid had already decided to marry her off to the eldest son of the Nizam.<ref name="ekinci">{{cite web|title=Saraydan Seyyar Satıcılîğa: Şehzâde Âbid Efendi|url=http://www.ekrembugraekinci.com/article/?ID=460|website=www.erkembugraekinci.com|date=19 June 2013|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>

In 1931, her father arranged her marriage to [[Azam Jah]], elder son and heir to [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] (7th Nizam of [[Hyderabad Deccan]]).{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=125}} However, fifty thousand pounds in ''[[mahr]]'' was demanded for her, which the Nizam considered too much. Upon the intervention of Shaukat Ali, he proposed to offer, for the same ''mahr'', also the hand of [[Mahpeyker Hanımsultan]] to the Nizam's younger son [[Moazzam Jah]]. The Nizam readily agreed and sent his two sons to France to be married. However, when they arrived in France, [[Şehzade Osman Fuad]], his wife Kerime Hanim and his half-sister [[Adile Sultan (daughter of Şehzade Selaheddin)|Adile Sultan]] arranged for Moazzam to meet [[Nilufer Hanımsultan|Nilüfer Hanımsultan]], Adile's daughter. Nilüfer was so beautiful that Moazzam fell in love with her at first sight, and immediately decided to break off his engagement to Mahpeyker to marry her instead.<ref name="Seshan 2018"/>

A day before the wedding, the princes arrived in Nice from London by express train,{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=124}} and stayed at the [[Hotel Negresco]].{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=125}} On 12 November 1931, aged seventeen, Dürrüşehvar married [[Azam Jah]], at Villa Carabacel in Nice. The Nizam's younger son was married to Dürrüşehvar's cousin Nilüfer.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=123}} The marriage was performed by Damad Mehmed Şerif Pasha, husband of Abdulmejid's half-sister [[Emine Sultan (daughter of Abdulaziz)|Emine Sultan]].{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=126}} The local newspapers were full of photographs of the Indian princes when they arrived for the weddings, with headlines like ''A Thousand and One Nights'' and ''A Muslim Wedding''.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=123}} On that occasion, Dürrüşehvar received a diamond tiara as a gift from her aunt [[Nazime Sultan]]. After the wedding the princes took their brides and the entourage back to the hotel where they had stayed.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=126}} After the religious ceremony, the newly weds went to the British consulate to complete their civil marriage, and validate their prenuptial agreement, according to which, in the event of divorce or death of the husband, Dürrüşehvar would receive two hundred thousand dollars in compensation.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|pp=126–127}}
[[File:Caliph Abdulmecid II of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|thumb|right|Dürrüşehvar with her father and husband, 1931]]
Following the festivities in Nice, the princesses and their husbands set sail from Venice on 12 December 1931<ref name="Seshan 2018"/> to her father-in-law's court in [[Hyderabad Deccan|Hyderabad, India]].{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=126}} Nilufer and Dürrüşehvar's mothers also accompanied them, with a French midwife.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=123}} They boarded the ocean liner ''Pilsna''. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] had boarded the ship after attending the [[Round Table Conferences (India)#Second Round Table Conference (September 1931 – December 1931)|Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931]], and was travelling back to India. It is reported that he met with the princesses.<ref>{{cite web | last=Garari | first=Kaniza | title=Did Mahatma Gandhi meet Princess Niloufer on ship? Panel looks for clues | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2019-09-30 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/300919/did-mahatma-gandhi-meet-princess-niloufer-on-ship-panel-looks-for-clu.html | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Garari | first=Kaniza | title=Hyderabad: Mahatma Gandhi did meet Niloufer, Durrushehvar on ship | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2019-10-01 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/011019/hyderabad-mahatma-gandhi-did-meet-niloufer-durrushehvar-on-ship.html | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Acharya | first=Arvind | title=Revealed: Mahatma Gandhi had big impact on Princess Niloufer | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2016-01-17 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/current-affairs/170116/revealed-mahatma-gandhi-had-big-impact-on-princess-niloufer.html | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref> On the way, they were taught how to wear sarees, and the expected etiquette in the presence of the Nizam. After their landing in Bombay, they boarded the private train of the Nizam.<ref name="The Siasat Daily - Archive 2017">{{cite web | title=A short biography of Princess Niloufer - The Siasat Daily | website=The Siasat Daily - Archive | date=2017-01-03 | url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/princess-niloufer-hyderabad-1100759/ | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref> After they reached Hyderabad, a banquet was held at the [[Chowmahalla Palace]] on 4 January 1932.<ref name="Khan 2019">{{cite web | last=Khan | first=Ali | title=Social landscape of Hyderabad changed by the entry of Princesses | website=The Siasat Daily | date=2019-10-09 | url=https://www.siasat.com/social-landscape-hyderabad-changed-entry-princesses-1644516/ | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref> They then settled down in their respective homes. Dürrüşehvar and Azam Jah settled down in [[Bella Vista, Hyderabad]].<ref name="Nanisetti 2019">{{cite web | last=Nanisetti | first=Serish | title=Academic Staff College of India (ASCI) in Hyderabad was cocooned in luxury a century ago, as Bella Vista palace | website=The Hindu | date=2019-05-01 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/academic-staff-college-of-india-asci-in-hyderabad-was-cocooned-in-luxury-a-century-ago-as-bella-vista-palace/article27001463.ece | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref>

She received the title of Durdana Begum from the Nizam,<ref>{{cite book|title=All-India Trade Directory and Who's who|year=1942|page=255}}</ref> held the title of Her Highness The [[Prince of Berar|Princess of Berar]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Theo La Touche|title=India's Premier Ruling Prince: A Rapid Sketch of the Man and His Work|year=1946|publisher=Thacker|pages=52, 66}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Philip Mason|title=A Shaft of Sunlight: Memories of a Varied Life|year=1978|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-0-233-96955-8|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=R. Swarupa Rani|title=Women's Associations in Telangana|year=2003|publisher=Booklinks Corporation|isbn=978-81-85194-71-4|page=58}}</ref> She was taller than Azam Jah, and the Nizam thought that was a great joke. He regularly used to point out the difference in their height at parties.<ref name="Khan 2020"/> On 6 October 1933, she gave birth to her elder son, [[Mukarram Jah]], the future Nizam of Hyderabad. He was followed by [[Muffakham Jah]], born on 27 February 1939.<ref name="The Siasat Daily - Archive 2019">{{cite web | title=Tribute to eldest daughter-in-law of Nizam VII Princess Durru Shehvar | website=The Siasat Daily - Archive | date=2019-01-26 | url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/photos-tribute-eldest-daughter-law-nizam-vii-princess-durru-shehvar-1460373/ | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref> She knew of her husband's numerous concubines but carried herself regally. However, the differences between the two of them eventually led to their marriage falling apart around 1954,<ref name="Khan 2020"/> and after the divorce, Dürrüşehvar stayed in Hyderabad for some years, then moved to London. She conserved her title of "[[Prince of Berar|Princess of Berar]]". Her mother, who was with her in India during all her marriage, returned by her husband.<ref name="Khan 2020"/><ref name="Seshan 2018"/>

==Public life==
[[File:AsafJahVIII-Dürrühshehvar 1stOfficialPic 1934.jpeg|thumb|right|Dürrüşehvar with her son [[Mukarram Jah]], 1934]]
[[File:Turkish aristocrats Durrushehvar and Abdulmejid II.jpg|thumb|right|Dürrüşehvar and [[Abdulmejid II]]]]
A highly respected and well-educated lady, the princess was fluent in [[French language|French]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[English language|English]] and also [[Urdu]].<ref name="Khan 2020"/> She was also a painter and a poet.<ref>{{cite web | title=Princess Dürrühsehvar, Princess of Berar; Caliph Abdulmecid Khan II of Turkey; Nawab Azam Jah, Prince of Berar | website=Portrait | date= | url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw57668/Princess-Drrhsehvar-Princess-of-Berar-Caliph-Abdulmecid-Khan-II-of-Turkey-Nawab-Azam-Jah-Prince-of-Berar | access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref> She established a junior college for girls in her name in Yakutpura, Bagh-e-jahan Ara, Hyderabad,<ref name="Seshan 2018"/> and the [[Osmania General Hospital]].<ref name="Umar">{{cite web | last=Ashraf | first=Md Umar | title=Princess Durru Shehvar :- A Turkish princes married to an Indian prince. | website=Heritage Times | date=2018-12-21 | url=https://heritagetimes.in/princess-durru-shehvar-a-turkish-princes-married-to-an-indian-prince/ | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref> On 4 November 1936,<ref name="India Today 2013">{{cite web | title=Display of Asaf Jahi dynasty priceless objects reveals its contributions to Hyderabad | website=India Today | date=2013-01-10 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20000306-display-of-asaf-jahi-dynasty-priceless-objects-reveals-its-contributions-to-hyderabad-777173-2000-03-06 | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref> she laid the foundation stone of Hyderabad's Begumpet airport's first terminal,<ref name="Khan 2020"/> and was presented with a silver casket.<ref name="India Today 2013"/> She also inaugurated the famous Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital at [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Aligarh<ref name="Seshan 2018"/> in 1939.<ref name="Umar"/>

Together with her cousin Niloufer, Dürrüşehvar advocated girls' education and women's rights. They were given free rein, as the Nizam adored both his daughters-in-law, whom he often introduced as the "jewels of his palace". He also encouraged both of them to take part in sports, such as tennis and horse-riding. He sent them on tours of Europe so they could broaden their mind and also pick up works of art for his museums." Both cousins are remembered as great beauties, socialites, style icons, and philanthropists.<ref name="Khan 2020"/> In the company of her friend [[Rani Kumudini Devi]], she rode horses, drove cars and played tennis. With her beauty and charm, etiquette and dress sense, she transformed Hyderabad’s social circuit.<ref name="Seshan 2018"/>

On 6 May 1935, she and her husband attended the twenty-fifth commemorating ceremony of King [[George V]]'s reign.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=155}} On 12 May 1937, they attended the [[Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth|coronation]] of King [[George VI]] and Queen [[The Queen Mother|Elizabeth]], where she was photographed by British photographer [[Cecil Beaton]].<ref name="Genç 2015">{{cite web | last=Genç | first=Kaya | title=Portraits of Princess Dürrüşehvar and many others at Cecil Beaton exhibition | website=Daily Sabah | date=2015-05-30 | url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2015/05/30/portraits-of-princess-durrusehvar-and-many-others-at-cecil-beaton-exhibition | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref> On 23 June 1937, she accompanied her husband during the visit to lay the foundation stone of a new mosque in Kensington and was at Ranelagh to see Bhopal win the Ranelagh Open Polo Cup.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mary Evans The Princess of Berar 10651934 | website=maryevans.com | date=1937-06-23 | url=https://www.maryevans.com/history/the-princess-of-berar-10651934 | access-date=2021-02-20}}</ref> Beaton photographed her in her palace in India in 1944, and then in 1965 in France.<ref name="Genç 2015"/> [[Philip Mason]], of the Indian Civil Service, described her as "a commanding figure, handsome of feature, with a clear fair complexion and auburn hair… No one could ignore her or slight her. She was always essentially and indefinably royal, and it seems to me that if fate had so willed she might have been one of the great queens of the world."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1510174/Princess-Durruhsehvar-of-Berar.html|title=Princess Dürrühsehvar of Berar|date=11 February 2006|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>

==Later life and death==
[[File:Azam_Jah_and_his_family.jpg|thumb|right|Dürrüşehvar with her husband and sons]]
She ensured her sons, Prince Mukarram Jah and Prince Muffakam Jah, received the best possible western education in Europe and married Turkish brides, as she desired. Mukarram studied in Eton. Years later, he was declared heir to Hyderabad throne, at the suggestion of his grandfather, and served as honorary [[aide-de-camp]] to Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name="Seshan 2018"/> Each time she returned to Hyderabad for a visit, she attracted big crowds.<ref name="Khan 2020"/>

In 1944, she called Nilüfer requesting help for the burial of her father. She had made several efforts to have her father's body buried in Istanbul, but could not obtain the permission of the Turkish government. He had wanted to be buried in either Turkey or Hyderabad. Nilüfer called one of her friends, [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]], a former official in the Nizam's Government, who was at that time the Governor-General of [[Pakistan]]. He called [[Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], the then King of Saudi Arabia to relay the request. The King agreed to grant the request, and Dürrüşehvar's father was finally buried in Saudi Arabia in the [[Al-Baqi']].<ref>{{cite web | last=Moin | first=Ather | title=Hyderabad: Niloufer helped in Caliph's burial in Madina | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2019-01-04 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040119/hyderabad-niloufer-helped-in-caliphs-burial-in-madina.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104032746/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040119/hyderabad-niloufer-helped-in-caliphs-burial-in-madina.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 January 2019 | access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref>

In 1983, she sponsored the [[Durru Shehvar Children's & General Hospital]] in Hyderabad under the patronage of her son Mukarram Jah.<ref>{{cite book|author1=M.a.khan|author2=Mohd. Akbar Ali Khan|title=Hospital Management|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-060-4|page=217}}</ref> In 1990, she, her son Mufakkham Jah and his wife Esin attended the Durban Dinner, along with the Indian and Pakistani High Commissioners in London to commemorate the 400th year of the foundation of Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite book|author=Karen Isaksen Leonard|title=Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad|year=2007|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2|page=97}}</ref>

She visited Hyderabad lastly in 2004,<ref name="Seshan 2018"/> and died on 7 February 2006 in London.{{sfn|Bardakçı|2017|p=xiv}} Her two sons were by her side at the time of her death.<ref name="Khan 2020"/> She was buried in [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Clark|title=Istanbul: A Cultural and Literary History|year=2010|publisher=Signal Books|isbn=978-1-904955-76-4|page=223}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Yunus Ayata|title=Dergi semasında bir yıldız: Utarid|year=2007|publisher=Salkımsöğüt Yayınları|isbn=978-975-6122-54-9|page=62}}</ref> She was upset about Turkish Government's attitude against her family members after declaration of the republic. Despite being a member of Ottoman imperial and royal family, she refused to be buried in Turkey, since she was upset that the Turkish Government refused her father's burial in Istanbul in 1944.<ref name=Aksiyon>{{cite journal|last=Doğan|first=İbrahim|title=Türkiye'de gömülmek istemedi (She didn't want to be buried in Turkey.)|journal=Aksiyon|date=13–19 February 2006 |series=Dosyalar ( Files )|issue=584}}(Mainly in Turkish)</ref>

At her death, the ''[[Telegraph (newspaper)|Telegraph]]'' wrote: "There was an occasion when she was lunching with a friend in Oxfordshire, at which Princess Margaret was also a guest. The weather was inclement, and both Princesses were invited to plant cedars of Lebanon. Princess Margaret eventually did so - reluctantly - while the Princess of Berar performed her duty with her customary quiet dignity. Today Princess Margaret’s tree struggles, while the Princess of Berar’s thrives".

==Legacy==
She is remembered for teaching the 'power of silence', and establishing several maternity units, schools, colleges, dispensaries and [[Durru Shehvar Children's & General Hospital]]<ref>{{citeweb |title =Princess Durru Shehvar Children's and General Hospital |url=https://pdscgh.org/}}</ref>
in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=Poddar2015>{{cite book |last1=Poddar |first1=Abhishek |last2=Gaskell |first2=Nathaniel |last3=Pramod Kumar |first3=K. G |last4=Museum of Art & Photography (Bangalore |first4=India) |title=Maharanis: women of royal India |date=2015 |location=Ahmedabad |isbn=978-93-85360-06-0 |chapter= Palanpur|pages=42–43 |oclc=932267190 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/932267190 |language=English}}</ref>

==Honour==
* [[Order of the House of Osman]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Salnâme-i Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmanîyye, 1333-1334 Sene-i Maliye, 68. Sene|publisher=Hilal Matbaası|year=1918|pages=74–75}}</ref>

==Issue==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Birth
!Death!! style="width:40%;" |Notes
|-
| [[Mukarram Jah]]
| 6 October 1933
|15 January 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2023-01-15 |title=Mukarram Jah, Eighth Nizam of Hyderabad, Passes Away |url=https://www.thequint.com/south-india/mukarram-jah-bahadur-eighth-nizam-hyderabad-passed-away-istanbul-esra-nawab-mir-barket-ali-khan-walashan |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>
| Married five times, and had issue, three sons and three daughters
|-
| [[Muffakham Jah]]
| 27 February 1939
|''living''
| Married once, and had issue, two sons
|-
|}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = 1. '''Dürrüşehvar Sultan'''
| 2 = 2. [[Abdulmejid II]]
| 3 = 3. [[Mehisti Hanım]]
| 4 = 4. [[Abdulaziz]]
| 5 = 5. [[Hayranidil Kadın]]
| 6 = 6. Hacımaf Akalsba
| 7 = 7. Safiye Hanım
| 8 = 8. [[Mahmud II]]
| 9 = 9. [[Pertevniyal Sultan]]
| 10 =
| 11 =
| 12 =
| 13 =
| 14 =
| 15 =
| 16 =
| 17 =
| 18 =
| 19 =
| 20=
| 21=
| 22=
| 23=
| 24 =
| 25 =
| 28 =
| 29 =
| 30 =
| 31 =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|first=Murat|last=Bardakçı|title=Neslişah: The Last Ottoman Princess|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-9-774-16837-6}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dürrüşehvar Sultan}}
*{{Cite web |title=Goodbye, sweet princess - India's great beauties before the pageant came in |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/goodbye-sweet-princess-india-s-great-beauties-before-the-pageant-came-in/cid/818100 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}
*{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Durrushehvar, the resolute princess: How the Ottoman dynasty heir brought style, reform to Nizam's Hyderabad |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/durrushehvar-the-resolute-princess-how-the-ottoman-dynasty-heir-brought-style-reform-to-nizams-hyderabad-7941381.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}

{{Daughters of the Ottoman Sultans}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dürrüşehvar Sultan, Hatice Hayriye Ayşe}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Ottoman princesses]]
[[Category:Hyderabadi Muslims]]
[[Category:Women from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Daughters of caliphs]]
[[Category:Exiled royalty]]

Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai

2026-03-07T23:29:01Z

MyronMullet1862: new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Suseenthiran]]
| producer = P. Madhan
| screenplay = Suseenthiran
| based_on = ''Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai'' by Bhaskar Sakthi
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Appukutty]]
*[[Saranya Mohan]]
}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[Theni Eswar (cinematographer)|Theni Eswar]]
| editing = [[Kasi Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Cloud Nine Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|5|12|ref1=<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2011 |title=Kollywood scared of Friday the 13th |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kollywood-scared-of-friday-the-13th/articleshow/8245381.cms |access-date=2026-01-12 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 117 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}4.5 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=The new darlings of Kollywood|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp|access-date=5 July 2011|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110707041158/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp|archive-date=7 July 2011|url-status=dead| work=[[Tehelka]]}}</ref>
}}
'''''Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai''''' ({{Translation|Azhagarsami's Horse}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[mystery film|mystery]] [[comedy drama|comedy drama film]] directed by [[Suseenthiran]], based on the short story of the same name penned by writer Bhaskar Sakthi.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} The film stars [[Appukutty]] and [[Saranya Mohan]] in lead and features music by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 2010 |title=Suseenthiran back with a bang |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Suseenthiran-back-with-a-bang/etarticleshow/6210796.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110811091038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-25/news-interviews/28290365_1_vennila-kabadi-kuzhu-karthi-naan-mahan-alla |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]] and distributed by [[Cloud Nine Movies]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai to release this summer |url=http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/7622-azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-to-release-this-summer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312231814/http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/7622-azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-to-release-this-summer |archive-date=12 March 2012 |access-date=2012-03-07 |website=[[In.com]]}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |date=18 March 2011 |title=Ilayaraja launches ASK audio |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ilayaraja-launches-ask-audio-news-tamil-ldrkgoifcca.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319212819/http://www.sify.com/movies/ilayaraja-launches-ask-audio-news-tamil-ldrkgoifcca.html |archive-date=19 March 2011 |access-date=7 March 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was released on 12 May 2011.

The film was screened at the [[2011 Toronto International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite book |title=International Film Guide 2012 |first=Ian Hayden |last=Smith |year= 2012 |isbn= 978-1908215017 |pages= 143 |publisher=Tantivy Press }}</ref> becoming the second [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film to be screened there after ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'' (2002). In 2012, the film was honored with two [[National Film Awards]] for [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]] and [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for Appukutty.

==Plot==
The story is set in a village called Mallayapuram near [[Theni]]. The villagers believe the Rain Gods will favour them after the annual Temple Festival (Thiruvizha), during which the deity is taken around the village on a wooden horse. They are in for a rude shock when the horse goes missing. At the same time, Azhagarsami, a youngster who earns his livelihood by ferrying loads on his horse in Aagamalai village in Periyakulam, gets ready for his marriage. His horse also goes missing, and his marriage is put on hold. Whether the villagers and Azhagarsami find their respective horses or not forms the rest of the story.<ref>{{cite news | title=The Hindu: Arts / Cinema : Itsy-Bitsy | url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1447231.ece | publisher= The Hindu.com | access-date= 2011-02-14 | location=Chennai, India | first=Nikhil | last=Raghavan | date=12 February 2011}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Appukutty]] as Azhagarsami
* [[Saranya Mohan]] as Rani
* [[Inigo Prabhakar]] as Ramakrishnan
* [[Advaitha (actress)|Advaitha]] as Devi
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Chandran
* [[Aruldoss]] as Rajaram
* Yogi Devaraj as Rani's father
* Azhagan Tamizhmani
* [[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]] as Priest
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Priest
*[[Thavasi (actor)|Thavasi]] as Soothsayer
}}

==Release==
===Critical reception===
[[Rediff]]'s Pavithra Srinivasan labelled the film as "brilliant" and "a must-watch for its unconventional story-line, protagonists and plot-points", giving it 3.5/5.<ref name="rf">{{cite news |title=Review: Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai is brilliant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai/20110513.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> [[Sify]]'s critic described the film as "good" that deserved a "viewing because films like this are hard and few to find in these days of mass masala", further citing that Suseenthiran had "come out with another beautiful feel good film that pulls at your heart strings."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-review-tamil-14969606.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628022958/http://www.sify.com/movies/azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-review-tamil-14969606.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-28 |title=Movie Review:Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> [[The Hindu]] critic Malathi Rangarajan, too, gave a positive feedback, describing the film as an "innovative" and "interesting attempt" that stayed "within the format of commercial cinema even while steering clear of formula!"<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2018665.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Malathi | last=Rangarajan | title=Horsepower | date=14 May 2011}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian from [[Deccan Chronicle]] termed the film as a "simple, heartwarming and refreshing deviation from the mainstream mayhem [that] definitely warrants a watch", while giving it three out of five too.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anupama Subramanian |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/movie-canters-good-show-850 |title=A movie that canters to a good show |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011040025/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/movie-canters-good-show-850 |archive-date=11 October 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>

===International screenings===
The film is the only South Indian candidate to be selected for screening at the [[2011 Toronto International Film Festival]] in the contemporary world cinema category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamil film selected for Toronto film festival |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=11 August 2011 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110182434&keyword=regional&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=127755 |location=[[Chennai]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906005012/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20110182434&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=regional&nid=127755 |archive-date=6 September 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] - [[Appukutty]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 16 March 2011
| recorded = 2010
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:35
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| prev_title = [[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Hare Rama Hare Krishna (2011 film)|Hare Rama Hare Krishna]]
| next_year = 2011
}}

Following collaborations with [[V. Selvaganesh]] and [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], Suseenthiran worked with [[Ilaiyaraaja]] for the musical score of ''Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai''.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-03-16 |title=Azhagarsamiyin Kudhirai audio release on March 16 |url=http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/7846-azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-audio-release-on-march-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310033807/http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/7846-azhagarsamiyin-kudhirai-audio-release-on-march-16 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |access-date=2012-03-07 |website=[[In.com]]}}</ref> The soundtrack album, consisting of only three songs, was released on 16 March 2011 at [[Sathyam Cinemas]], with while Ilaiyaraaja himself launching the audio.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The song "Poovakkelu" is set in [[Sankarabharanam (raga)#Janya 1: Ragam Pahadi/Pahari|Pahadi]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16:35
| title1 = Kuthikkira Kuthikkira
| extra1 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| lyrics1 = J. Francis Kiruba
| length1 = 5:55
| title2 = Adiye Ivale
| extra2 = [[Thanjai Selvi]], Snehan, Lenin Bharathi, Hemambika, Murugan, Iyyappan, Master Regan, [[Senthildass Velayutham]], Anita
| lyrics2 = [[Snehan]]
| length2 = 5:19
| title3 = Poovakkelu
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics3 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length3 = 5:21
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{National Film Award Wholesome Entertainment}}
{{Suseenthiran}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian mystery comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s mystery comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor National Film Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suseenthiran]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2011 comedy-drama films]]

Geeta Nizami

2026-03-07T12:01:08Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Geeta Nizami
| image = GeetaNizami.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| caption = Nizami in 1946
| birth_name = Rashida Begum
| birth_date = 1926
| birth_place = [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|2008|1926|}}
| death_place = [[Pakistan]]
| burial_place =
| other_names = Geeta Vedi
| occupation = {{Hlist | Actress | dancer}}
| years_active = 1944–51
| spouse = {{marriage|Barkat Nizami|1944|1946|end=divorced}} {{marriage|B. D. Vedi|1946|1948|end=separated}}
| children =
| relatives = [[Mumtaz Shanti]] (niece; ''through first marriage'')
| known_for =
}}

'''Rashida Begum''',<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Geeta Nizami |url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/people/geeta-nizami |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Cinemaazi |language=en}}</ref> better known by stage name '''Geeta Nizami''', was an Indian actress who worked in [[Hindi]]-language films. She was particularly known for her dancing skills.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Shyamchand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymyoyBpaIIUC&pg=PA99 |title=Aadhunik Nibandh |publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-88118-65-6 |pages=99 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7QqAAAAMAAJ |title=Hindī sinemā kā sunaharā saphara |date=1988 |publisher=Sinevāṇī Prakāśana |language=hi}}</ref> Her notable films include ''[[Panna (film)|Panna]]'' (1944), ''[[Gajre (film)|Gajre]]'' (1948), ''[[Beqasoor]]'' (1950) and ''[[Hulchul (1951 film)|Hulchul]]'' (1951).

== Career ==
[[File:Panna1944.jpg|thumb|200px|Nizami with [[P. Jairaj]] ''(left)'' in the war thriller film ''[[Panna (film)|Panna]]'' (1944)]]

Geeta Nizami began her acting career with a leading role in the war thriller ''[[Panna (film)|Panna]]'' (1944). The film proved to be a runaway success and opened her to public recognition.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194814unse/page/n31/mode/1up?q=Panna |title=FilmIndia (1946) |date=1946 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=30, 91}}</ref> She subsequently appeared in a supporting role in the [[Muslim social|Muslim social drama]] ''[[Gaon Ki Gori]]'' (1945), which was one of the highest grossing films of the year.<ref name=BOI>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1945|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=150&catName=MTk0NQ==|publisher=Box Office India website|access-date=25 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016215819/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=150&catName=MTk0NQ==|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

This initial success was followed by lead roles in the romance ''Sassi Punnu'' and the thriller ''Room No. 9'' (both 1946); the latter being directed by her then-husband B. D. Vedi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Rangoonwalla |first1=Firoze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26dZAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897-1969 |last2=Das |first2=Vishwanath |date=1970 |publisher=J. Udeshi |pages=215 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Premchand |first=Manek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZ8tEQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA32 |title=And The Music Lives On |date=2024-10-30 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-89588-691-5 |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> She played the titular character in ''Paroo'' (1947), a drama criticising prevalent [[casteism]] in Indian society, to mixed reviews.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194915unse/page/n137/mode/1up?q=nizami |title=FilmIndia (1949) |date=1949 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=139}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rangoonwalla |first1=Firoze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26dZAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897-1969 |last2=Das |first2=Vishwanath |date=1970 |publisher=J. Udeshi |pages=228 |language=en}}</ref>

Geeta later shifted to supporting roles in high-profile productions, which included ''[[Gajre (film)|Gajre]]'' (1948),<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ |title=Collections |date=1991 |publisher=Update Video Publication |pages=57 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia194915unse |title=FilmIndia (1949) |date=1949 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=214}}</ref> ''[[Beqasoor]]'' (1950) and ''[[Hulchul (1951 film)|Hulchul]]'' (1951).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rangoonwalla |first1=Firoze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26dZAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897-1969 |last2=Das |first2=Vishwanath |date=1970 |publisher=J. Udeshi |pages=274 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reuben |first=Bunny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrwaAQAAIAAJ&q=geeta+nizami |title=Follywood Flashback: A Collection of Movie Memories |date=1993 |publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7223-106-4 |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref> Her only film in lead role during this period was ''Karwat'' (1949), produced by [[B. R. Chopra]] and directed by Vedi. The film was a box office flop.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rangoonwalla |first1=Firoze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=26dZAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897-1969 |last2=Das |first2=Vishwanath |date=1970 |publisher=J. Udeshi |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Division |first=Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=elzjCwAAQBAJ&dq=gita+nizami&pg=PT66 |title=LEGENDS OF INDIAN SILVER SCREEN |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2116-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Selvan |first=M. Ponnein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENSoz8OPpwcC&q=gita+nizami |title=Legends of Indian Silver Screen: The Winners of Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1992-2014) |date=2015 |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |isbn=978-81-230-2039-6 |language=en}}</ref>

Geeta migrated to [[Pakistan]] in 1952, where she continued working on stage.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

== Personal life ==
Geeta Nizami was first married to film director Barkat Nizami (the uncle of actress [[Mumtaz Shanti]]), whom she divorced quickly.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Manṭo |first1=Saʻādat Ḥasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08NjAAAAMAAJ&q=geeta+nizami |title=A Wet Afternoon: Stories, Sketches, Reminiscences |last2=Jalal |first2=Hamid |date=2001 |publisher=Alhamra |isbn=978-969-516-040-4 |pages=627 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Khalid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RNULAAAAIAAJ |title=Scorecard |date=1984 |publisher=Wajidalis |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref> In 1946, Geeta married film director B. D. Vedi in [[Kolhapur]] after converting from [[Islam]]<ref name=":5" /> to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/filmindia194814unse |title=FilmIndia (1946) |date=1946 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=682}}</ref> The couple was separated by 1948. She briefly used the name "Geeta Vedi" during this period.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/filmindia194612unse |title=FilmIndia (1948) |date=1948 |publisher=Bombay |others=New York The Museum of Modern Art Library |pages=718}}</ref>

She reportedly shifted to the newly-created [[Pakistan]] in April 1952.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Khatun |first=Nadira |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKPrEAAAQBAJ&dq=geeta+nizami+muslim&pg=PA50 |title=Postcolonial Bollywood and Muslim Identity: Production, Representation, and Reception |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-889101-7 |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Baburao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLTXZUO2SYsC |title=Filmindia |date=1952 |publisher=Filmindia Publications |publication-date=1952 |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref> She died in 2008.<ref name=":7" />

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1944 || ''[[Panna (film)|Panna]]'' || Panna||
|-
| 1945 || ''[[Gaon Ki Gori]]'' || ||
|-
| 1946 || ''Sassi Punnu'' || ||
|-
| 1946 || ''Room No. 9'' || ||
|-
| 1947 || ''Paroo'' || Paroo||
|-
| 1948 || ''[[Gajre (film)|Gajre]]'' || Tara||
|-
| 1949 || ''Karwat'' || ||
|-
| 1950 || ''[[Beqasoor]]'' || Radha||
|-
| 1951 || ''[[Hulchul (1951 film)|Hulchul]]'' || ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0633298}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nizami, Geeta}}
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian former Muslims]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Islam]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]

Nadr ibn al-Harith

2026-03-04T15:08:55Z

MyronMullet1862: fixes

{{Short description|Arab Physician (d. 624 CE)}}
[[File:Ali Beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the Presence of the Prophet Muhammad. Miniature from volume 4 of a copy of Mustafa al-Darir’s Siyar-i-Nabi. Istanbul; c. 1594 The David Col..jpg|thumb|A painting from [[Siyer-i Nebi]], [[Ali]] beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the presence of [[Muhammad]] and his [[companions of Muhammad|companions]].]]
'''Nadr ibn al-Harith ibn Alqama ibn Kalada ibn Abd al-Manaf ibn Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy''' ({{Langx|ar|نضر بن الحارث|Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith}}) was an [[Arab]] [[physician]] who is considered one of the greatest [[Quraysh]]i opponents to the [[Islam]]ic prophet [[Muhammad]]. He was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] as one of the pagan fighters and flag-bearers. He was sentenced to death for his participation and persecution of Muhammed and Muslims in [[Mecca]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Al-Mubarakpuri |first=Safi-Ur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-mMakhtum): Biography of the Noble prophet |publisher=Darussalam Publications |date=2015 |isbn=978-1591440710 |edition=Revised |page=274}}</ref> The [[execution]] was conducted by [[Ali]] by beheading him in front of Muhammad and his [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]] at [[as Safra'|as-Safra']] before they had returned to [[Medina]] from the battle.

According to the ''[[Sīrah]]'', two captives, al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith and [[Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt|ʿUqbah ibn Abī Muʿayṭ]], were [[executed]] during this event, the former by Ali and the latter by [[Asim ibn Thabit]]. According to Professor Sarah Bowen Savant, the event is claimed to have inspired Nadr's sister, [[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr]], to compose an elegy on his death, upbraiding Muhammad for the execution.<ref>Sarah Bowen Savant, ''The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176. E.g. ''Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary'', trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372.</ref>

==Life==
During the Meccan period, Nadr ibn alharits was known as one of the authors a document advocating for the boycott of the small Muslim community by withholding the sale of any goods, effectively leading to their starvation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |title=Bidaya Wa Nihaya |edition=Volume 2 |pages=30–31 |translator-last=Le Gassick |translator-first=Trevor}}</ref> He is also considered one of the greatest opponents to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his message during the Meccan era, and a propeller of their persecution.<ref name=":0" /> Per Islamic traditionalists like [[Muqatil ibn Sulayman]], Al-Nadr had also accused Muhammad of plagiarism in his Quranic verses based on the stories of ancient people.

Al-Nadr was captured after the [[Battle of Badr]] after his army was defeated in their offensive and was executed for his participation and involvements in Meccan persecutions. [[Mohar Ali]] also names Al-Nadr as one of the assassins who tried to kill Muhammad before he migrated to Medina. British [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] [[David Samuel Margoliouth]], however, claims that he was executed for his challenge and ridiculing Muhammad, and that this version is supported by some ninth and tenth-century Muslim sources, including [[al-Tabari]], who cites an oral report of Muhammad justifying his order on the basis of Nadr accusing him.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U4CAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|title=The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion|author=Sarah Boven Savant|date=30 September 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=174, 175|isbn=978-1107292314}}</ref> [[Al-Waqidi]] mentions a report that when Nadr asked the Muslims why he was to be executed, they replied that it was for his persecuting and torturing the Muslim as well as ridiculing the Quran.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab Al-Maghazi|author=Rizwi Faizer|date=5 September 2013|publisher=Routledge|pages=53, 54|isbn=978-1136921148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic economics, Volume 3|publisher=al-Majlis al-'Ilmī bi-Jāmi'at al-Malik 'Abd al-'Azīz|page=106}}</ref>

==Quran verse about the beheading of an-Nadir bin al-Harith==
{{See also|Capital punishment in Islam}}
In Ibn Kathir's book ''"[[Tafsir Ibn Kathir]]"'', he claims in his [[tafsir]] that the verse Quran 8:31 was revealed about Nadir bin al-Harith, despite no direct mention of him or his execution in the Quran itself. Ibn Kathir's commentary on Quran 8:31 and Quran 8:5 is as follows:<ref>{{Quran-usc|8|31|style=ref}} and {{Quran-usc|8|5|style=ref}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA412 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 412, {{ISBN|1861797699}}, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140721082126/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1549&Itemid=63 online])</ref>
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
An-Nadr visited Persia and learned the stories of some Persian kings, such as [[Rostam|Rustum]] and [[Esfandiyār|Isphandiyar]]. When he went back to Makkah, he found that the Prophet was reciting the [[ayat]]s of Qur'an sent from [[Allah]] to the people. Whenever the Prophet would leave an audience in which an-Nadr was sitting, an-Nadr began narrating to them the stories that he learned in Persia, proclaiming afterwards, ''Who, by Allah, has better tales to narrate, I or Muhammad''. When Allah allowed the Muslims to capture an-Nadr in Badr, the Messenger of Allah commanded that his head be cut off before him, and that was done, all thanks are due to Allah. The meaning of,

(...tales of the ancients)
[Tafsir [[Ibn Kathir]], on [[Quran 8:31]]]
}}

In addition, the actual execution and death of, the Prophet's nemesis, al-Nadr bin al-Harith, is attested to in the [[Sunnah]] [[Hadith]] tradition;
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
"She told <ref> Arabic وَعَنْهَا:, Lit. "''on her authority:''"-The record is not clear as to who exactly "She" is, however, the prior ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'' Hadith, No. 3970, is on the authority of [[Muhammad]]'s youngest wife, [[‘A’isha]], and thus she is the natural choice, for any speculation, regarding any purported origins of this Hadith.</ref> that when God’s Messenger took prisoners of the people at Badr, he killed ‘Uqba b. Aba Mu'ait and an-Nadr ibn al-Harith, but showed favour to Abu ‘Azza al-Jumahi." (It is transmitted in ''Sharh as Sunna'')
[''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', Hadith No. 3971]<ref>''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', Hadith No. 3971, or In-book reference: Book No. 19, Hadith No. 183..
"''Sharh as Sunna''", translates roughly to "''Explanations of the Customs''"(of the Prophet); https://sunnah.com/mishkat:3971</ref>}}

== "A questioner"==
According to several highly regarded tafsirs, al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, is described in ''Surah [[Al-Maʻārij]]'' ([[Arabic]]: المعارج, "The Ascents") [''Quran'' 70:1–3] as;
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
"A questioner asked about a Penalty to befall, The Unbelievers, the which there is none to ward off, (A Penalty) from Allah, Lord of the Ways of Ascent..."
[''Quran'' 70:1-3]<ref>''The Meaning of the Holy Qu'ran'', (formerly titled ''[[The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary]]''), translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, 11th Ed., 2006, Amana Publications</ref>}}

In the commentary (tafsir), of [[ibn Abbas]] (''[[Tanwir al-Miqbas]] min Tafsir ibn Abbas''), al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, is specifically named as being "A questioner". Thus, he is portrayed as a fierce, unrelenting critic and a challenger to the Prophet [[Muhammad]], and the ''[[Quran]]'', during the Prophet's early Meccan ministry;
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
"And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (A questioner questioned): '(A questioner questioned) a caller: i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith, called (concerning the doom about to fall upon the disbelievers) while he is himself a disbeliever, (which none can repel) and so he was killed in captivity on the Day of Badr."<ref>''[[Tanwir al-Miqbas]] min Tafsir ibn Abbas'',on ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1-2; https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.1 & https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.2</ref>}}

Al-Nadr bin al Harith, is also described as being the "a petitioner"/"a supplicator" of ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1, by the commentary ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'':<ref> Note: The ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', is also known as, ''The Commentary of the Two Jalals''</ref>
{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|
"A petitioner petitioned, a supplicator supplicated [for], an impending chastisement— which in the case of the disbelievers none can avert: this was al-Nadr b. al-Hārith, who [''also''] said, ‘O God, if this be indeed the truth from You …then rain down upon us stones from the heaven’ [''Q.'' 8:32]."<ref>''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', on ''[[Quran]]'' 70:1-2; https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.1 & https://quranx.com/Tafsirs/70.2 </ref>}}

==See also==
*[[Hejaz]]
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]
*[[Qutayla ukht al-Nadr]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Place of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Place of death unknown]]
[[Category:People executed by decapitation]]
[[Category:7th-century executions]]
[[Category:624 deaths]]
[[Category:Opponents of Muhammad]]

Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein

2026-03-03T23:27:11Z

MyronMullet1862: minor update

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein
| image = Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Meraj
| producer = Nariman Baria A. Khalia
| writer = Gulzar
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]] [[Hema Malini]] [[Jeetendra]]
| music = [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = Yusuf Kondaji
| editing = Waman B. Bhosle Gurudutt Shirali
| studio = Nav Sampathi Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1977|11|11}}
| runtime = 155 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = 10 million
}}

'''''Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein''''' ({{Translation|In the shade of the eyelashes}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], produced by Nariman Baria and A. Khalia under the Nav Sampathi Productions banner and directed by Meraj. The film stars [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Hema Malini]] while [[Jeetendra]] has given a special appearance and music composed by [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]]. It received 4 of 5 stars from critics in Bollywood Guide Collections. The film was critically acclaimed and became an unexpected flop at the box office. However over the years, the film has been appreciated by the audiences in its screening on television and has gained a cult following over the years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Picture-Gallery/fans-remember-rajesh-khanna-on-his-first-death-anniversary/3076-6.html|title = PHOTOS: Fans remember Rajesh Khanna on his first death anniversary Photo Gallery, Picture News Gallery – the Indian Express}}</ref> ''[[Welcome to Sajjanpur]]'', a film inspired by ''Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein'', became a hit at the box office in 2008.

== Plot ==
Ravi Raj Sinha is a well-educated, unemployed guy. His mother (Pratima Devi) wants her son to get a job. One day Ravi goes to the post office to collect his father's pension and the postmaster mistakes him for a job candidate. After a joyful conversation, the postmaster offers Ravi a job of a postman and he happily accepts. As a result, Ravi has to go to a village named Sitapur for the job. There he finds Mohini always waiting for a letter. Eventually, Ravi and Mohini become friends. There is an old woman in the village who lost her son in the partition and has since become insane. Ravi and Mohini's friendship develops and Ravi falls in love with Mohini. A tanga driver Nathu has a strong interest in Ravi and Mohini.

One day Mohini asks Ravi for his measurements so that she can knit him a sweater. Ravi misunderstands that Mohini is in love with him. Another day, Mohini gets angry with Ravi that he never brings a letter for her. Next day, Ravi writes a letter to Mohini proposing to her and hands it to her. Suddenly, Mohini tells him that she had been waiting for this letter as it belongs to her husband. Ravi is heartbroken. In the flashback, it is shown that Mohini loves a soldier also named Ravi. He has promised Mohini that he will return from the war, but had not returned. Ravi hands her the letter and returns to his home. Ravi also sets out to search for that guy, but gets no clue.

After that, Ravi goes to his mother where his mother asks him not to lie to anyone in the village. When he returns, the old woman asks him to read a letter which has news of her son's death. Ravi speaks the truth.

On the same day, he receives a telegram saying that the soldier is dead. He goes to inform Mohini, but learns that the old lady is dead because he spoke the truth. Ravi returns without saying a word. Meanwhile, Mohini is very happy. Ravi goes to Mohini's house, but can't dare to speak. At night, Mohini comes to Ravi and asks him why he came today. Ravi tells her the truth and next morning she tries to commit suicide. Afraid for Mohini, her mother asks Ravi to accompany them to Khetpur where she is going for Mohini's marriage.

In the journey, Ravi tells Mohini that he loved her and because of this, he can't tell her the truth of her lover's death. Mohini feels very upset. Ravi accompanies them to Khetpur. Just when he was leaving, Mohini gets hit on the stairs and falls on the ground. Ravi runs to save her. Suddenly, Ravi's mother steps out. Ravi and his mother stare each other in astonishment. Ravi's mother tells him that she has come to fix his marriage with Mohini. Ravi and Mohini are filled with joy and the film ends.

== Cast ==
* [[Rajesh Khanna]] as Ravi Raj Sinha (Dakiya Babu)
* [[Hema Malini]] as Mohini
* [[Jeetendra]] as Ravi (Soldier)
* [[Rekha]] as Dancer (Guest Appearance)
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Nathu
* [[Asrani]] as Raghu
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Chutki
* [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]]
* [[Leela Mishra]] as Mohini's mother
* [[Raju Shrestha|Master Rajoo]] as Parcel
* [[Prathima Devi (Kannada actress)|Pratima Devi]] as Ravi's mother
* [[Dhumal (actor)|Dhumal]]
* Shahid Bijnori
* Sharma
* [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]]
* [[Leela Chitnis]]

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Daakiya Daak Laya"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| 2
| "Ladkhadaane Do Mujhe"
| Kishore Kumar
|-
| 3
| "Allah Megh De"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 4
| "Surmewaale Saiyan"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| 5
| "Koi Mere Maathe Ki"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0299078|title=Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1977 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]

Mass Leader

2026-03-03T21:28:52Z

MyronMullet1862: added details - done

{{short description|2017 Indian Kannada film written and directed by Narasimha}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mass Leader
| image = Mass Leader poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = Narasimha
| producer = [[Tarun Shivappa]] Hardik Gowda
| writer = Narasimha
| based_on = 
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]]
* [[Pranitha Subhash]]
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
* [[Gururaj Jaggesh]]
* [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]]
* [[Sharmiela Mandre]]
* [[Vamsi Krishna]]}}
| music = Veer Samarth
| cinematography = Guru Prashant Rai
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| studio = Tarun Talkies
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2017|08|11|ref1=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/leader.html |title=Mass Leader (2017) – Mass Leader Kannada Movie – Mass Leader Review, Cast & Crew, Release Date, Photos, Videos – Filmibeat |website=FilmiBeat}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mass Leader''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by Narasimha, and produced jointly by Tarun Shivappa and Hardik Gowda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/311100286739875795/ |title=Sahana Murthy's second film after Rose is Mass Leader |publisher=pinterest.com}}</ref> It features [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Pranitha Subhash]] and [[Vamsi Krishna]] in the lead roles whilst [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]], [[Gururaj|Gururaj Jaggesh]], [[Sharmiela Mandre]], [[Ashika Rangnath|Ashika Ranganath]] and Parinitha Kitty in key supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/shiva-rajkumar-yogesh-jaggesh-pranitha-leader-movie-launch-7649-slide-46596 |title=Shiva Rajkumar, Yogesh, Jaggesh, Pranitha at Leader movie launch |work=International Business Times |date=18 August 2016}}</ref> The soundtrack and [[film score|score]] for the film is composed by Veer Samarth and the cinematography is by Guru Prashant Rai.

==Plot==
Bangladeshi infiltrators are thriving in [[Karnataka]] and other countries around India with the help of the politicians, who practice [[vote-bank]] politics. [[Chief Minister|CM]] Sudarshan's brother Suyodhana takes the help of a terrorist named Rafiq to bring Bangladeshi infiltrators to cast their vote, in order to become [[Member of Parliament|MP]], but is stopped by Shivraj and his associates Vijay aka Viji and Guru. They kill Suyodhana, earning the wrath of Sudarshan and also take actions against the [[crime syndicate]]s and other illegal activities.

Azim, a [[Mangalore]] contract killer is tasked by Rafiq to kill Shivraj, but is double-crossed by his men and reunites with his mother, who is living with Shivaraj as his daughter Chummi's caretaker. With the help of a reporter Chandini, They successfully drives out the infiltrators by using widespread rumours that they are going to be attacked. Under orders from Pakistani terrorists, Rafiq plant a bomb at Chummi's surgical leg to kill Shivaraj, but Azim and his mother get killed in the blast. In a flashback, Shivraj was an [[Indian National Army|INA]] [[Captain]] in [[Kashmir]] with a loving wife Deepa, parents and sister Shreya. Shreya is in relationship with Harshath, who is actually a terrorist and uses Shreya to spy on Shivaraj.

Shivaraj is assigned to escort [[Union Council of Ministers|Central Minister]] Virendra Hegde to [[Amarnath temple]] where his family is also escorted in Hegde's convoy, but the convoy is destroyed leaving Chummi handicapped. Shivaraj, with his team sneak into Harshath's hideout where they learn that their superior Pratap Sinha is the mole in the INA. A shootout ensues where Shivaraj and his team eliminate the terrorists, but Harshath escapes. In the present, Shivaraj, Viji and Guru are actually working incognito for the Indian Army where they track down Harshath and manages to kill him and his men.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as INA Captain Shivraj
* [[Pranitha Subhash]] as Deepa
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as INA officer Vijay aka Viji
* [[Gururaj Jaggesh]] as INA officer Guru
* [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] as Azim
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Harshath
* [[Sharmiela Mandre]] as Chandini, a reporter
* [[Ashika Ranganth|Ashika Ranganath]] as Shreya
* Parinitha Kitty as Chummi
* [[Prakash Belawadi]] as [[Chief Minister]] Sudarshan
* [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as [[Police Commissioner]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was officially launched on 19 April 2016 in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/shivarajkumar-s-leader-launched-officially-238037.html |title=Shivarajkumar's Leader Launched Officially |date=19 August 2016 |publisher=Filmibeat.com}}</ref> Apart from various locations in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, the [[principal photography]] took place in [[Kashmir]] amidst heavy snow fall.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/feb/09/determined-leader-shoots-amid-snowfall-1568483.html |title=Determined 'Leader' shoots amid snowfall |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The crew shifted the shoot to [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] after tensions erupted in Kashmir in January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/jan/14/leader-packs-for-manali-1559374.html |title=Leader packs for Manali |work=The New Indian Express|date=14 January 2017 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mass Leader
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Veer Samarth
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 9 July 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = Veer Samarth
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Veer Samarth was signed to compose the film's music, making his 25th film.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/mass-leader-complete-shiv-in-intro-song-kannada-news-188091.html Mass Leader complete, Shiv in intro song]. Indiaglitz.com (20 June 2017). Retrieved 11 July 2017.</ref> The soundtrack was released on 9 July 2017, with the Telugu actor [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] officially launching the audio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2017/telugu-actor-balakrishna-launched-mass-leader-audio-265051.html |title=Telugu Superstar Nandamuri Balakrishna Launches The Audio of Shivarajkumar's Mass Leader |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Filmibeat.com |accessdate=11 July 2017}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:18
| title1 = Mundhe Nintru
| all_lyrics = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = Chetan Gandharva
| length1 = 4:46
| title2 = Geleya Ennale
| extra2 = Chetan Gandharva, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 = 4:37
| title3 = Aabida Aabida
| extra3 = Veer Samarth, [[Supriya Lohith]]
| length3 = 4:04
| title4 = Deepave Ninna
| extra4 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], Aishwarya Rangarajan
| length4 = 2:53
| title5 = Ee Mannali
| extra5 = [[Prem (director)|Prem]], [[Chintan Vikas]], Govind Kurnool
| length5 = 4:58
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7386544}}
* {{facebook|Leader Kannada Movie}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:2017 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmir conflict in films]]

Yaariyan (2014 film)

2026-03-02T09:32:15Z

MyronMullet1862: correct content additionally and added references

{{short description|2014 film directed by Divya Khosla Kumar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yaariyan
| image = Yaariyan (2014 film) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Divya Khosla Kumar]]
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
| writer = Sanjeev Dutta
| starring = [[Himansh Kohli]] [[Rakul Preet Singh]] [[Evelyn Sharma]] [[Nicole Faria]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Meet-the-cast-of-Yaariyan/articleshow/24933990.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126202010/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-31/news-interviews/43559359_1_rakul-nicole-faria-challenging-role |url-status=live |archive-date=26 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Yaariyan (2014) |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>
| music = [[Pritam]] [[Anupam Amod]] [[Mithoon]] [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]] [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
| cinematography = Sameer Arya
| editing = Aarif Sheikh
| studio = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|01|10}}
| runtime = 145 minutes<ref name="BOI Report"/>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}}100 million<ref name="BOI Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2067 |title=Yaariyan – Movie – Box Office India |access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}550 million<ref name="BOI Report"/>
}}

'''''Yaariyan''''' ({{translation|Friendships}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] [[Drama|drama film]] directed by [[Divya Khosla Kumar]] (in her Hindi directorial debut),<ref>{{cite news |last=Starcast |title=No big stars in my movie: Divya Kumar |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/No-big-stars-in-my-movie-Divya-Kumar/Article1-874161.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010185318/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/No-big-stars-in-my-movie-Divya-Kumar/Article1-874161.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 October 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 June 2012}}</ref> and stars [[Himansh Kohli]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]] (in her Hindi debut), [[Nicole Faria]] (in her film debut) and [[Evelyn Sharma]].<ref>{{cite web |title=19-year-old Serah Singh makes Film Debut with Yaariyan |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/11/19-year-old-serah-singh-makes-film-debut-with-yaariyan/ |work=Biharprabha News |access-date=7 December 2013}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]] and Krishan Kumar under the banner of [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Super Cassettes Industries]].

The response to the promotional material on YouTube led the distributor to release the film two weeks earlier than initially planned.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhushan Kumar's YAARIYAN to finally release on January 10 |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/bhushan-kumars-yaariyan-finally-release-january-10-143658294.html |work=28 November 2013 |publisher=Yahoo India |access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> The film was released on 10 January 2014 with a 1200-screen release in India.<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2067 |title=Yaariyan |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> The film received negative reviews from critics but was a box office success, grossing ₹550 million against its ₹100 million budget.

==Plot==
Living on a university campus in [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]], Lakshya is the son of a martyred army officer who does not appreciate his father's sacrifice for the nation. Lakshya, Jiya – a college bombshell, Saloni – a geek, Pardy – a drummer, and Neil – a biker, are five close friends who are exploring the best moments of their lives in college, experiencing different relationships as they lead an aimless life. Lakshya and his girlfriend, Jenny, try to kiss in the library but get interrupted by Pardy and caught by the principal. Soon, at a function Lakshya and Jenny again try to get intimate with Jiya taking on her role for the function but things go awry when Jiya gets stripped from her saree in her undergarments in front of the audience and Lakshya and Jenny hang from a rope above. Jenny then dumps Lakshya. They come across a challenge when an Australian businessman buys the college campus and plans to build a casino instead but is ready to lease out the land to the college for 100 years only if they are able to defeat a team of Australian students in a five-round competition. The principal chooses the five students to take part in the challenge.

For the first three rounds they are sent to Australia where Lakshya meets his best friend and cousin Debu. He also meets Jannet, an Australian student, who falls in love with him, and when the teams spend time together at the beach, Lakshya and Jannet make out. During the first round of a rock concert, the Australian band steals Lakshya and his band's song, and in protest they brutally beat Debu. While Debu is rushed to the hospital, Lakshya and the band perform a Hindi song, eventually losing the first round. Saloni then wins the second round which is a chess competition. Unable to recover from his injuries, Debu succumbs in the hospital. Disturbed by his death, Saloni and Neil lose the third round of the bike race, giving Australia a 2–1 lead.

The competition is then shifted to India with the final two rounds to go. Lakshya discovers that Neil was the traitor who gave their song to the Australian band and intentionally lost the bike race to obtain an Australian visa as promised by the Australian team member. Meanwhile practicing for the next three rounds, Lakshya falls in love with Saloni after helping her get back at Jenny for bullying Saloni. Saloni wants to tell everyone that they are in love, however, Lakshya refuses as he doesn’t want Jannet to figure out their relationship. On the day of Holi, Lakshya and Jannet make out again. However, they get interrupted as Neil is recording them. After Holi, Jannet express her love for Lakshya, but, Lakshya realizes he loves Saloni who figures out about him and Jannet. Despite Lakshya’s attempts of making her forgive him, Saloni tries to get back at him. As Saloni tries to kiss another man in public, Lakshya comes in, kisses Saloni and expresses his love in front of everybody.

Lakshya figures out about Neil helping the Australians as he gave them the song that they were supposed to sing. Neil plans to lose the bike race but Lakshya makes him think that the Australians are double crossing him. Neil realizes his fault and decides to win the race, but fatefully falls from stairs breaking his leg. Lakshya takes his place and beats Australia in round four, leading to a tie between both teams. In the final round of rock climbing, a team member of both teams has to collect his respective country's flag from the hilltop and race back to the college in order to win the competition. After crossing all the hurdles, Lakshya manages to win the race and the college celebrates their victory. The story ends with Lakshya and Saloni, Jiya and Pardy getting together while Neil repents his deeds. Lakshya and Jannet decide to be just friends. Lakshya’s mom gives him his dad’s sunglasses. Lakshya realizes the importance of sacrifice for the world. At the end, Lakshya and Saloni kiss but Lakshya is again distracted as his sight goes to another girl standing there.

==Cast==
*[[Himansh Kohli]] as Lakshya
*[[Rakul Preet Singh]] as Saloni, Lakshya’s girlfriend
*Serah Singh as Jenny, Lakshya ex-girlfriend
*[[Nicole Faria]] as Jiya
*[[Shreyas Porus Pardiwalla|Shreyas Pardiwalla]] as Pardy
*Dev Sharma as Neil
*[[Jatin Suri]] as Debu
*[[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] as Principal
*[[Vikas Verma]] as Mike<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-can-be-lot-more-than-just-a-villain-Vikas-Verma/articleshow/28544753.cms|title=I can be lot more than just a villain: Vikas Verma - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 January 2014 }}</ref>
*[[Evelyn Sharma]] as Jannet, Lakshya ex-love interest
*[[Sayali Bhagat]] as Nikki Mahajan
*[[Mrunal Thakur]] as Kylie
*[[Gabriella Giardina]] as Elizabeth
*[[Deepti Naval]] as Girls' hostel warden and Debu's mother
*[[Nyra Banerjee]] as Priety
*[[Bhagyashri Borse]] as Raajlaxmi
*[[Smita Jaykar]] as Lakshya's mother
*[[Gulshan Grover]] as College Principal
*[[Hemant Pandey]] as Saloni's father
*Manish Kumar as Jenny's boyfriend
*[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] as Batbelly

==Production==
===Development===
Early 2011, Bhushan Kumar announced making a film in college romance genre and that Divya Khosla Kumar would be the director. And first choice for the female leads was offered to [[Wamiqa Gabbi]], [[Kainaat Arora]] and [[Tisca Chopra]] with the title ''Salaamat Rahe Dostana Hamara''..

Soon, an announcement was released that the cast of the film will include newcomers [[Himansh Kohli]]<ref name="Lead actor">{{cite news |last=Lead actor |title=Divya Kumar found lead actor a former Radio Jockey for her directorial debut |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/sep/240912-Divya-Kumar-finds-the-leading-man-for-her-directorial-debut.htm |newspaper=Mid Day |date=24 September 2012}}</ref> [[Rakul Preet Singh]]<ref name="Rakul Preet Singh">{{cite news |last=Rakul Preet Singh |title=South Indian cinema is the place to be: Rakul Preet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/South-Indian-cinema-is-the-place-to-be-Rakul-Preet/articleshow/20647088.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623035202/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-18/news-interviews/40047684_1_bollywood-debut-telugu-debut-telugu-film |url-status=live |archive-date=23 June 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 June 2013}}</ref> [[Nicole Faria]] and [[Evelyn Sharma]] as well as [[Gulshan Grover]]<ref name="Gulshan Grover">{{cite news |last=Gulshan Grover |title=Grover to play college dean in Divya Kumar's Yaariyan |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/grover-to-play-college-dean-in-divya-kumar-s-yaariyan/1019182/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202034415/http://www.screenindia.com/news/grover-to-play-college-dean-in-divya-kumar-s-yaariyan/1019182/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2013 |newspaper=Screen India |date=19 October 2012}}</ref> and [[Deepti Naval]].<ref name="Deepti naval">{{cite news |last=Deepti naval |title=Deepti Naval to play the quintessential Bengali woman |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/dec/111212-Deepti-Naval-to-play-the-quintessential-Bengali-woman.htm |newspaper=Mid-Day |date=11 December 2012}}</ref>

The title of the movie was registered with [[Saif Ali Khan]].<ref name="Title">{{cite news |last=Title |title=Nawab Saif Ali Khan gives away title |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Nawab-Saif-Ali-Khan-gives-away-title/Article1-915537.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819011944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Nawab-Saif-Ali-Khan-gives-away-title/Article1-915537.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 August 2012 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 August 2012}}</ref> The production budget of film is {{INRConvert|110|m}}.<ref name="in">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/it-was-tough-to-convince-my-husband-of-my-abilities-divya-khosla/443846-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107102938/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/it-was-tough-to-convince-my-husband-of-my-abilities-divya-khosla/443846-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2014 |title=It was tough to convince my husband of my abilities: Divya Khosla |publisher=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref>

===Filming===
The shoot began in [[Mumbai]]<ref name="Muharat shot">{{cite news |last=Muharat shot |title=Divya Kumar's 'Yaariyaan' goes on floor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Divya-Kumars-Yaariyaan-goes-on-floor/articleshow/17030753.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103053438/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-31/news-interviews/34836504_1_first-film-t-series-divya-kumar |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 October 2012}}</ref> followed by shoots in [[Sikkim]] and [[Darjeeling]]. In [[Darjeeling]], the movie was shot in [[St. Joseph's School, Darjeeling|St Joseph's School, Darjeeling]].<ref name="Location">{{cite news |last=Location |title=Barfi!'s train station to be featured in another movie |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=281402&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=281402 |newspaper=NDTV |date=18 October 2012}}</ref> The film was also partially shot in Cape Town. Song Sunny Sunny was shot in the [[Bo-Kaap]] area of Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bollylocations.com/movies/Yaariyan |title=Bollywood Movie Yaariyan Shooting Location |website=bollylocations.com |language=en-gb |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723101010/http://www.bollylocations.com/movies/Yaariyan |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Yaariyan (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack for the film was composed by [[Pritam]]. There is also a special number by [[Honey Singh]] titled ''Sunny Sunny''. [[Mithoon]] rendered tracks for this film as well. [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]] also composed a track. Audio album of the movie was released on 3 December 2013 through [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=Bhushan Kumar launches film Yaariyan's music at Mithibai College in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/bhushan-kumar-launches-film-yaariyans-music-at-mithibai-college-in-mumbai/articleshow/27217782.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122102801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/bhushan-kumar-launches-film-yaariyans-music-at-mithibai-college-in-mumbai/articleshow/27217782.cms |archive-date=2025-01-22 |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-03 |title=Yaariyan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/yaariyan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1116109565 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101183242/https://music.apple.com/in/album/yaariyan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1116109565 |archive-date=2021-01-01 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
The film received generally negative reviews. Saibal Chatterjee for ''[[NDTV]]'' Movies gave the film 1 star out of 5, stating that'' Yaariyan'' "makes no sense at all".<ref>{{cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |title=NDTV Movies Review |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/yaariyan-movie-review-914 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=9 February 2014}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref> Paloma Sharma for ''[[Rediff]]'' gave the film 0.5 out of 5 stars and wrote: "Yaariyan may be targeted at a young audience but every single teenager who chooses to watch it will be insulting their own intelligence".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Paloma |title=Rediff Review |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-yaariyan-is-a-brand-new-recipe-for-disaster/20140110.htm |publisher=Rediff |access-date=9 February 2014}}{{Rating|0.5|5}}</ref> Madhureeta Mukherjee from ''[[Times of India]]'' gave the film 2 stars out of 5. She stated that "''Yaariyan'' is nothing to gush about, but the teenies can watch this one for a lark...and some yo-yo beats!".<ref>{{cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Madhureeta |title=Time of India Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/28630376.cms |access-date=9 February 2014 |newspaper=Times of India}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>

Taran Adarsh for [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 4 stars out of 5 and stated that'' Yaariyan'' is "A treat for youngsters and young at heart". "On the whole, ''Yaariyan'' has a gripping second half, smash hit musical score and the youthful romance that should lure and entice its target audience.".<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Bollywood Hungama Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/566831 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519080120/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/566831 |archive-date=19 May 2013 |access-date=9 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}{{Rating|4|5}}</ref> Tushar Joshi for ''[[DNA India]]'' praised the music of the film, and gave the film 2 stars out of 5 stating that the film is "strictly for those who want to enjoy the songs on the big screen".<ref>{{cite web |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |date=10 January 2014 |title=DNA India Review |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-yaariyan-is-strictly-for-those-who-want-to-enjoy-the-songs-on-the-big-screen-1948720 |access-date=9 February 2014 |publisher=DNA India}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>

==Box office==

===India===
Yaariyan had a good first weekend of around Rs 150 million nett<ref name="boxofficeindia2">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6383&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> Yaariyan grossed around Rs 25.0 million nett on first Monday taking its four-day total to 190 million nett.<ref name="boxofficeindia3">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6384&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> Yaariyan had the same figure as Monday as it collected 25.0 million nett taking its five-day total to Rs 215.0 million nett<ref name="boxofficeindia4">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6386&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> Yaariyan collected around 27.5 million nett in second weekend.<ref name="boxofficeindia5">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/dedh_ishqiya_scores_over_yaariyan_in_second_weekend#.Ut1pMdK6bIU |title=Boxoffice |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194734/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/dedh_ishqiya_scores_over_yaariyan_in_second_weekend#.Ut1pMdK6bIU |url-status=dead }}</ref> Made on a budget of 100 million. It collected 420 million.<ref name="boxofficeindia6">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/onebytwopoorjaihodecentfirstweekhelpedbyrepublicday#.UuyHSD2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221326/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/onebytwopoorjaihodecentfirstweekhelpedbyrepublicday#.UuyHSD2SyAo |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Overseas===
Yaariyan was screened in the UAE and had a limited release.<ref name="dhoom3uk26mnjan12">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6385&nCat=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118075906/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6385&nCat=|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2014|title=Dedh Ishqiya Dull Overseas Dhoom 3 Sets New Benchmark|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=15 January 2014}}</ref>

==Sequel==
{{main|Yaariyan 2}}
A stand alone sequel, titled ''Yaariyan 2'' and released on 20 October 2023 under [[Radhika Rao]] and Vinay Sapru's direction, is a [[Coming of age|coming-of-age]] [[comedy drama]] featuring [[Divya Khosla Kumar]], [[Yash Dasgupta]], [[Meezaan Jafri]], [[Pearl V Puri|Pearl Puri]], [[Anaswara Rajan]], [[Warina Hussain]] and [[Priya Prakash Varrier]].<ref name="T-Series">{{cite web|title=T-Series announces Yaariyan 2, locks release date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/t-series-announces-yaariyan-2-locks-release-date-8204834/|access-date=17 October 2022|website=www.indianexpress.com|date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=3382148}}

[[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 romance films]]
[[Category:AA Films films]]
[[Category:Sport of athletics films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Australian people]]
[[Category:Cycling films]]
[[Category:Films about chess]]
[[Category:Films about competitions]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films scored by Pritam]]
[[Category:Films set in Australia]]
[[Category:Films set in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Films shot in South Africa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Western Cape]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Indian musical comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian teen drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Divya Khosla Kumar]]

Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt

2026-02-21T07:26:50Z

MyronMullet1862: creating some post added tags - done

{{Short description|Central government school in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox school
| name = PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt
| image = File:Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt, Prayagraj.jpg
| caption =
| location = V.D. Road, Near Topkhana Bazar, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| postal_code = 211001
| coordinates = {{coord|25|27|8.240|N|81|48|26.971|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| former_name =
| schooltype = Public
| established = 10 July 1976
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE)
| authority = [[Ministry of Education (India)]]
| school_code = 74049
| principal = Ravi Prakash<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newcanttald.kvs.ac.in/principal/
|title=Principal – PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt, Prayagraj
|website=Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt
|access-date=2025-11-30
}}</ref>
| grades = 1 - 12
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/2100004|title=SARAS — Affiliation details}} saras.cbse.gov.in.</ref>
| website = https://newcanttald.kvs.ac.in/
}}

'''Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt, Prayagraj''' is a co-educational central government school located in [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=केंद्रीय विद्यालय, न्यू कैंट {{!}} जिला प्रयागराज, उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार {{!}} भारत|url=https://prayagraj.nic.in/hi/public-utility/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82-%E0%A4%95/|access-date=2025-11-30|language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Cantt, Allahabad – School Profile |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/kendriya-vidyalaya-near-golf-ground-allahabad |access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NEW CANT - Civil Lines 1 District Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh)|url=https://schools.org.in/allahabad/9452209812/kendriya-vidyalaya-new-cant.html|website=schools.org.in|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref> It is administered by the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] (KVS), an autonomous body under the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]] of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt, Prayagraj — Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan|url=https://kvsangathan.nic.in/en/kv-school/kendriya-vidyalaya-new-cantt-allahabad/|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Established on 10 July 1976, the school follows the curriculum of the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE).

== History ==
Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt, Prayagraj was established on 10 July 1976 under the administration of the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]] (KVS). The school was founded to provide a uniform standard of education to the children of transferable Central Government employees, including personnel from defence and paramilitary forces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt|url=https://newcanttald.kvs.ac.in/about-kv/|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>

Located in the New Cantonment area of Prayagraj, the school offers classes from I to XII, with available streams in [[Science]], [[Commerce]], and [[Humanities]] at the senior secondary level. The curriculum is based on guidelines provided by the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE), similar to other Kendriya Vidyalayas across India.

In 2023, the school was selected under the [[Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India]] (PM SHRI) scheme.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kendriya Vidyalayas in Prayagraj selected for PM SHRI scheme|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/kendriya-vidyalayas-in-prayagraj-selected-for-development-as-pm-shri-model-schools-by-union-ministry-of-education-under-nep2020-101682768636006.html|access-date=2025-11-30|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=735 Kendriya Vidyalayas selected for PM SHRI Scheme|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/735-kendriya-vidyalayas-selected-for-pm-shri-scheme/articleshow/99871088.cms|access-date=2025-11-30|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM SHRI Schools {{!}} KVS - Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Government of India {{!}} India |url=https://kvsangathan.nic.in/en/pm-shri-schools/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> The scheme aims to develop selected schools into model institutions of quality education aligned with the National Education Policy 2020.

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Yash Dayal]] – Indian cricketer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yash Dayal Cricketer Education: केंद्रीय विद्यालय से की पढ़ाई|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/career/education-what-is-the-education-of-rcb-cricketer-yash-dayal-alumni-of-kendriya-vidyalaya-prayagraj-uttar-pradesh-ipl-rcb-player-9376838.html|website=News18 Hindi|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Kendriya Vidyalayas]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{ Official website|https://www.newcanttald.kvs.ac.in/|name=Kendriya Vidyalaya New Cantt}}

{{School education in India}}
{{Portal bar|India|Education|School}}

[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Schools in Prayagraj]]

Amra Bangali

2026-02-13T05:57:56Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Amra Bangali
|party_logo=[[File:Amra bangali symbol.png|200px]]
| colorcode = {{party color|Amra Bangali}}
| abbreviation = AMB
| alliance =
| eci =
|electoral_symbol = [[File: Candle.svg|20px]]
| ideology = [[Bengali nationalism]] [[Bangaliana]] [[Feminism]] [[Economic liberalism]] [[Westernization]] [[Right-wing populism]] [[Progressive Utilization Theory]] [[Secularism]]
| membership = 764,432 (2017)
| headquarters = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
|foundation = {{start date and age|1963}}
|founder=[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]}}
{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (sidebar)}}

'''Amra Bangali'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|আমরা বাঙালী}} {{IPA|bn|ˈamɾaˑ ˈbaŋaliˑ|}}; {{lit|We Are Bengalis}}}} is a [[political party]] in [[India]], based on the socio-economic and political philosophy [[Progressive Utilization Theory]]<ref name="ProutGlobe15032012">{{Cite web|url=https://proutglobe.org/2012/03/amra-bangali/|title=Amra Bangali|last=prbhkr|date=2012-03-15|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref> given by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]];<ref name=IndExp08>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/who-are-the-amra-bangalis-/322021|title=Who are the Amra Bangalis?|date=13 Jun 2008|work=Indian Express|access-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> the party was sparked off in reaction against anti-Bengali rhetoric in [[Northeast India]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Schendel |first=Willem |date=2005|title=The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia |publisher=Anthem Press |page=197 |isbn=978-1-84331-145-4 |quote="Bengali-speaking Indian citizens living in India ... resented being portrayed as infiltrators ... Fearing for their position, they began creating organizations to protect their interests, e.g. 'Amra Bangali' ... 'If the eviction of Bengalis from Assam does not stop, all Bengal will be set afire!' Slogan of the political group Amra Bangali ... 1981."}}</ref> Amra Bangali enjoyed a short stint in the spotlight in the mid-1980s when it even won some [[gram panchayat]] seats in border districts.<ref name=IndExp08 /> Today, AMB is involved in various movements and protests including those against the [[Darjeeling]] [[Gorkhas]] calling for the creation of new state of [[Gorkhaland]].<ref name="dt">{{cite news |last1=Khawas |first1=Vimal |title=Amra Bangali and its philosophy |url=http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/news/news/Amra-Bangali-and-its-philosophy-.html |access-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903113946/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/news/news/Amra-Bangali-and-its-philosophy-.html |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It protested [[National Register of Citizens for Assam]] and [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Group warns of protest in Tripura |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/group-warns-of-protest-in-tripura/cid/1737454 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amra Bangali staged protest against NRC and CAB |url=https://www.tripurachronicle.in/Tripura/amra-bangali-staged-protest-against-nrc-and-cab-19234.cms |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=www.tripurachronicle.in |archive-date=2022-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612201632/https://www.tripurachronicle.in/Tripura/amra-bangali-staged-protest-against-nrc-and-cab-19234.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amra Bengali joins the chorus of protest against NRC - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/amra-bengali-joins-the-chorus-of-protest-against-nrc/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Sentinel Assam |date=4 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

The politics of Amra Bangali is based on Sarkar's ideas of economic and political democracy. The party is organized in [[West Bengal]], as well as in other Indian states with large Bengali populations such as [[Tripura]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha]], [[Assam]] and [[Jharkhand]]. The only real political breakthrough the party has had was in Tripura during the 1980s, when the party entered the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]].{{fact|date=February 2025}}

Bhuban Bijoy Majumder, resident of Tripura, was a leader of the party.<ref>The Eyewitness: Tales from Tripura's Ethnic Conflict, Manas Paul.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tripura West Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/tripura-west-lok-sabha|access-date=2020-06-13|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

==Bangalistan==
Bangalistan ({{Lang|bn|বাঙালীস্তান}} {{IPA|bn|ˈbaŋalist̪an|}}) is the proposed state for the [[Bengalis]] in [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/turmoil-north-east-demand-bangalistan|title=Turmoil in the North East: The demand for Bangalistan|date=2020-01-28|website=SabrangIndia|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name="ProutGlobe21112015">{{Cite web|url=https://proutglobe.org/2015/11/10-points-demand-presented-at-6000-strong-amra-bengali-meet/|title=10 Points Demand Presented at 6000 Strong Amra Bengali Meet|last=prbhkr|date=2015-11-21|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name="Prothomalo">{{Cite news |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/international/article/1624702|script-title=bn:আসামে এনআরসির প্রতিবাদে কলকাতায় সমাবেশ|website=Prothom Alo|date=17 November 2019 |language=bn|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> and self-sufficient socio-economic zone promoted by the supporters of the Indian political party Amra Bangali.<ref name="ProutGlobe15032012"/> Basically, it is a social movement, based on [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]'s socio-economic and political philosophy [[PROUT]].<ref name="ProutGlobe15032012" /> Bengal or Bangalistan was divided several times in the past.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/partition-of-bengal-1905-divide-and-rule-protests-1368958-2018-10-16|title=Partition of Bengal, 1905: All about the divide and rule that spurred protests|magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref> The [[Mandai massacre|Mandai Massacre]], [[Nellie massacre|Nellie Massacre]], etc. proves the hurtful conditions of the [[Bengalis]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiandefence.com/threads/nellie-massacre-a-political-blunder-done-by-congress-in-their-quest-to-gain-power.47201/|title=Nellie massacre - A political blunder done by Congress in their quest to gain Power|website=Indian Defence Forum|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16|archive-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220113517/http://indiandefence.com/threads/nellie-massacre-a-political-blunder-done-by-congress-in-their-quest-to-gain-power.47201/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Amra Bangali protested the [[National Register of Citizens for Assam]].<ref name="Prothomalo" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tripura-infoway.com/news-details/TN/88549/protest-in-tripura-against-assam-rsquo-s-nrc-bengali-party-calls-assamese-too-are-refugees.html|title=TRIPURAINFOWAY : Tripura's Latest News, Views & IT Portal|website=tripura-infoway.com|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2022-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326162701/http://tripura-infoway.com/news-details/TN/88549/protest-in-tripura-against-assam-rsquo-s-nrc-bengali-party-calls-assamese-too-are-refugees.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bengalis want to reorganize Bangalistan as per the Article 3(a) of Part 1 of the [[Constitution of India]] to save themselves from oppression and exploitation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1659104/|title=Article 3 in The Constitution Of India 1949|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref> The Bangalistan envisioned by the party would include the whole of [[West Bengal]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Tripura]], and some parts of [[Assam]], [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="ProutGlobe15032012" /><ref name="Prothomalo" />

== Demands ==
The demands of Amra Bangali include:

* Like [[Marathi people|Marathi]], [[Punjabis|Punjabi]], [[Tamils]], etc. are given respective homelands in the federated structure of India, Bengalis should be given their homelands – [[Bangalistan]].
* [[Bengali language]] should be used in all official and non-official works all over Bangalistan.
* The [[Bengali Regiment|Bengali regiment]] should be reintroduced into the [[Indian Army]], like Maratha, Sikh etc. regiments.
* All Bengali immigrants should be granted Indian nationality without a question mark.
* The amendments to Citizenship Charter that were done in the 1986 and 2003 need to be cancelled.
*In the entire North-East including [[Manipur]]– Assam, there is a systematic conspiracy to cancel voting rights of Bengalis and place them in outsiders' camps – this has to be stopped forthwith.
*The local youths must be given 100% employment as per [[Progressive Utilization Theory]] (PROUT).
*Block level planning has to be introduced and agro industries have to be established. Agriculture has to be given the status of industry.
*The publication of advertisements and showing of TV serials, cinemas, etc., which are disrespectful to the dignity of women have to be stopped forthwith, etc.<ref name="ProutGlobe21112015"/><ref name="Prothomalo" />

== Aims and objectives ==
The aims and objectives of Amra Bangali include:
* Restoration and development of [[Bengali language]] and [[Culture of Bengal|culture]].
* Economic [[self-sufficiency]].
* [[Self-determination]] in socio-political field.
*Re-organization of the territory of Bengal with all the like-minded people having respect for Bengali language and culture and giving a new name [[Bangalistan]]<ref name="ProutGlobe15032012"/> to this territory.

== Wing organisations ==
The wing organisations of Amra Bangali are:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|script-title=bn:আমরা বাঙালী কর্তৃক নেতাজীর ১২৩-তম জন্মদিন পালন |url=https://notunprithivi.com/bn/amaraa-baanaalai-karatarka-naetaajaira-123-tama-janamadaina-paalana|website=notunprithivi.com|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>

* Bangali Chhatra–Yuva Samaj
* Bangali Mahila Samaj
* Bangali Karshak Samaj
* Bangali Sramajiibii Samaj
*Bangali Vidvat Samaj
Slogan = Joy Bangla, Banga Matar Joy
== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[Political parties in Tripura]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}
{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar}}

== External links ==
* [https://amraabangali.org/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205001607/https://amraabangali.org/ |date=2020-12-05 }} (Bengali)

[[Category:Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]
[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Political parties with year of establishment missing]]

Sarala Devi Chaudhurani

2026-02-11T07:10:09Z

MyronMullet1862: Page refined with updated information

{{Short description|Indian educationist and activist (1872–1945)}}
{{distinguish|Sarala Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarala Devi Chaudhurani
| image = Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Sarala Devi Chaudhurani
| birth_name = Sarala Ghosal
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1872|09|09}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1945|08|18|1872|09|09}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Educationist, political activist
| spouse = {{marriage|Rambhuj Dutt Chaudhuri|1905|1923|end=his death}}
| children = Dipak (son)
| relatives = [[Swarnakumari Devi]] (mother) Janakinath Ghosal (father) [[Debendranath Tagore]] (maternal grandfather) [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (maternal uncle) [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]] (maternal cousin) [[Surendranath Tagore]] (maternal cousin)
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}

'''Sarala Devi Chaudhurani''' (born '''Sarala Ghosal''';<ref name="Ray2012">{{cite book|last=Ray|first=Bharati|title=Early Feminists of Colonial India: Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain|date=13 September 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-808381-8|page=2|chapter=Sarala and Rokeya: Brief Biographical Sketches|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198083818.001.0001/acprof-9780198083818-chapter-1|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> 9 September 1872 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian educationist and political activist, who founded [[Bharat Stree Mahamandal]] in [[Allahabad]] in 1910. This was the first national-level women's organization in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Padmalaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-kSsJ99aOgC&pg=PA91 |title=Elite Women of India |date=2002 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-339-1 |language=en}}</ref> One of the primary goals of the organization was to promote [[female education]]. The organization opened several offices in [[Lahore]] (then part of unpartitioned India), Allahabad, [[Delhi]], [[Karachi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[Kanpur]], [[Bankura]], [[Hazaribagh]], [[Midnapur]], and [[Kolkata]] to improve the situation of women all over India.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Sarala was born in [[Jorasanko]], Kolkata on 9 September 1872 to a well known Bengali intellectual family. Her father [[Janakinath Ghosal]] was one of the first secretaries of the Bengal Congress. Her mother [[Swarnakumari Devi]], a noted author, was the daughter of [[Debendranath Tagore]], an eminent Brahmo leader and sister of poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Her older sister, Hironmoyee, was an author and founder of a widow's home. Sarla Devi's family was a follower of [[Brahmoism]], a religion founded by [[Ram Mohan Roy]] and later developed by Sarala's grandfather Debendranath Tagore.<ref name="ODNB">{{Cite ODNB|id=94958|title=Chaudhurani, Sarala Devi|first=Bharati|last=Ray}}</ref>
[[File:Sarala and Hironmoyee.jpg|thumb|Sarala and her sister Hironmoyee|left|upright=0.8]]

In 1890, she earned her [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] in English literature from [[Bethune College]]. She was awarded the college's first Padmavati Gold Medal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bethune College - Banglapedia|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bethune_College|access-date=13 October 2020|website=Banglapedia}}</ref> for being the top female candidate in her BA examinations.<ref name="ODNB"/> She was one of the few women of her time to participate in the [[Indian independence movement]]. During anti partition agitation she spread the gospel of nationalism in Punjab and maintained secret revolutionary society.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

===Career===
Upon completing her education, Sarala went to [[Mysore State]] and joined the Maharani Girls' School as a school teacher. A year later, she returned home and started writing for ''Bharati'', a Bengali journal, while also beginning her political activities.<ref name="Ghosh2019">{{cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Sutanuka |title=Expressing the Self in Bengali Women's Autobiographies in the Twentieth Century |year=2010 |journal=South Asia Research |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=105–23 |doi=10.1177/026272801003000201|pmid=20684082 |s2cid=19756923 }}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

From 1895 to 1899, she edited ''Bharati'' jointly with her mother and sister,<ref name="Neogi1985">{{cite journal|last=Neogi|first=Goutam|title=Bengali Women in Politics : The Early Phase (1857-1905)|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=46|year=1985|pages=487|publisher=Indian History Congress|jstor=44141393}}{{closed access}}</ref> and then on her own from 1899 to 1907, with the goal of propagating patriotism and to raise up the literary standard of the journal. In 1904, she started the Lakshmi Bhandar (women's store) in Kolkata to popularize native handicrafts produced by women. In 1910, she founded the Bharat Stree Mahamandal (All India Women's Organization),<ref name="ODNB"/> which is regarded by many historians as the first All-Indian organization for women.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Majumdar|first=Rochona|title="Self-Sacrifice" versus "Self-Interest": A Non-Historicist Reading of the History of Women's Rights in India|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/191247|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|year=2002|volume=22|issue=1–2|publisher=Duke University Press|page=24|doi=10.1215/1089201X-22-1-2-20|s2cid=144911919 |via=[[Project MUSE]]|url-access=subscription}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> With several branches around the country, it promoted education and vocational training for women without consideration of class, caste and religion.<ref name="ODNB"/>

===Personal life===
In 1905, Sarala Devi married [[Rambhuj Dutt Chaudhary]] (1866–1923), a lawyer, journalist, nationalist leader and follower of [[Arya Samaj]], the Hindu reform movement founded by Swami [[Dayananda Saraswati]].<ref name="Neogi1985"/><ref name="ODNB"/>

After her marriage, she moved to [[Punjab]]. There, she helped her husband edit the nationalist [[Urdu]] weekly ''Hindusthan'', which was later converted into an English periodical. When her husband was arrested for his involvement in [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited her home in [[Lahore]] as a guest. Gandhi quoted her poems and writings in his speeches, and in Young India and other journals. In February 1920, ''Young India'' published several letters concerned with her membership of ''Lahore Purdah Club''. After Sarala's husband was arrested for his part in Rowlatt satyagraha, Una O'Dwyer (wife of [[Michael O'Dwyer]]) wanted her to resign her membership.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramchandra |title=Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World |publisher=Penguin Allen Lane |year=2018 |isbn=978-0670083886 |pages=110}}</ref>

She travelled with Gandhi all over India. When apart, they frequently exchanged letters,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kapoor|first=Pramod|date=13 October 2014|title=When Gandhi Nearly Slipped|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/when-gandhi-nearly-slipped/292132|magazine=Outlook India}}</ref> and mutually admired each other.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2020|title=Sarala Devi: From Tagore's family, a leading light of the swadeshi movement|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/sarala-devi-tagore-family-swadeshi-movement-bengali-revolutionary-6302759/|access-date=24 November 2020|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In one of the letter to Sarala, Gandhi wrote : {{blockquote|''You still continue to haunt me even in my sleep. No wonder Panditji calls you the greatest shakti of India. You may have cast that spell over him. You are performing the trick over me now.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramchandra |title=Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World |publisher=Penguin Allen Lane |year=2018 |isbn=978-0670083886 |pages=117}}</ref>}}Her only son, Dipak, married Gandhi's cousin [[Maganlal Gandhi]]'s daughter Radha.<ref name="ODNB" />

===Later life===
After her husband's death in 1923, Sarala Devi returned to Kolkata, and resumed editing responsibilities for ''Bharati'' from 1924 to 1926. She established a girls' school, Siksha Sadan in Kolkata in 1930. She retired from public life in 1935 and indulged in religion, accepting [[Bijoy Krishna Chattopadhyaya(1875-1945)]], of Howrah, also known as Howrah's Thakur (God of Howrah)as her spiritual teacher. She recorded the sermons of her Guru (spiritual teacher) by writing the same when they were orally delivered and such sermons were published in several volumes with the title 'Veda Vani' (Voice of the Vedas). In her autobiography titled 'Jeevaner Jhara Pata', at the end, there is a mention of the name of her spiritual teacher by her as well as by the publisher. <Jibaner Jhara Pata---Autobiography of Sarala Devi Chaudhurani>Also Veda Vani has been mentioned. The name of the spiritual leader mentioned there is Bijoy Krishna Deva Sharma instead of Bijoy Krishna Chattopadhyaya, as 'Deva Sharma' is a common title of the Brahmins.
She died on 18 August 1945 in Kolkata.<ref name="ODNB"/>

Her autobiography ''Jivaner Jhara Pata '' was serialized in ''Desh'', a Bengali literary magazine, during the later period of her life, in 1942–1943. It was later translated into English by Sikata Banerjee as The Scattered Leaves of My Life (2011).<ref name="Mookerjea-Leonard2017">{{cite book |last=Mookerjea-Leonard |first=Debali |title=Literature, Gender, and the Trauma of Partition: The Paradox of Independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0AlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |year=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=New York |isbn=978-1-317-29389-7 |page=188}}</ref><ref name="McDermott2014">{{cite book |editor1-last=McDermott |editor1-first=Rachel Fell |editor2-last=Gordon |editor2-first=Leonard |editor3-last=Embree |editor3-first=Ainslie |editor4-last=Pritchett |editor4-first=Frances |editor5-last=Dalton |editor5-first=Dennis |title=Sources of Indian Traditions: Modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/464294 |year=2014 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-13830-7 |page=283 |chapter=Radical Politics and Cultural Criticism, 1880–1914: The Extremists |via=[[De Gruyter]]}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

==Family tree==
{{main|Tagore_family#Family_tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Chaudhurani|first=Sarala Devi|translator-last=Ray|translator-first=Sukhendu|title=The Many Worlds of Sarala Devi: A Diary : Translated from the Bengali Jeevaner Jharapata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2pDxinD28AC|year=2010|publisher=Social Science Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-87358-31-2}}

==External links==
* {{Gbooks-author|Sarala Devi Chaudhurani}}

{{Tagore family}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhurani, Sarala Devi}}
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali educators]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Bethune College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:Swadeshi activists]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]

2023 Qatar espionage case

2026-02-05T10:09:53Z

MyronMullet1862: new new details...

{{Short description|Case in Qatar against Indian Navy Officers}}
{{Infobox event
| name = 2023 Qatar Case against Retired Indian Navy Officers
| image =
| caption =
| location = [[Doha]], Qatar
| target = A secret Qatari [[submarine]] project<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/indian-nationals-sentenced-to-death-in-qatar-for-espionage-on-behalf-of-israel-11698318334914.html | title=Qatar awards death penalty to 8 ex-Indian Navy officers for espionage - Timeline | date=26 October 2023 | access-date=26 October 2023 | archive-date=26 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026163958/https://www.livemint.com/news/world/indian-nationals-sentenced-to-death-in-qatar-for-espionage-on-behalf-of-israel-11698318334914.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
| date = August 2022 – February 2024
| type = [[Espionage]]
| outcome = All released
| suspects = Eight former [[Indian Navy]] officers
| accused = All eight
| convicted = Yes, commuted in higher appeal
| charges = Not made public
| verdict = Formerly [[Capital punishment|death penalty]], commuted to jail sentences
}}

In August 2022, eight former [[Indian Navy]] officers were detained in [[Doha]], Qatar. While charges against them were not made public by Qatari authorities, media reports speculated that they were "spying for Israel", which was later found to be untrue. The spying allegations were never made or accepted by either of the Governments. Following long diplomatic and legal efforts, the charges of all but one of them were commuted in December 2023, and they were released and reached New Delhi by February 2024.<ref>https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/the-real-reason-qatar-freed-our-navy-veterans</ref><ref name="JPost">{{cite news |date=10 November 2022 |title=8 Indians allegedly spying for Israel arrested in Qatar - report |url=https://jpost.com/breaking-news/article-722034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028165747/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-722034 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |work=The Jerusalem Post |quote=Eight former officers in the Indian Navy were arrested in Qatar on suspicion of spying for Israel, although Qatari officials have refused to state the charges against the suspects despite their being in custody for over 70 days, Iranian media reported on Thursday.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swami |first=Praveen |date=April 19, 2023 |title=8 former Navy officers imprisoned by Qatar accused of spying on emirate's super-secret submarine programme |url=https://theprint.in/defence/8-former-navy-officers-imprisoned-by-qatar-accused-of-spying-on-emirates-super-secret-submarine-programme/1525711/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015434/https://theprint.in/defence/8-former-navy-officers-imprisoned-by-qatar-accused-of-spying-on-emirates-super-secret-submarine-programme/1525711/ |archive-date=April 24, 2023 |access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/charges-of-espionage-against-indian-ex-service-men-unsubstantiated-qatar-has-not-shared-any-proof/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=8 Jailed Indian Navy Veterans Released By Qatar: A Timeline Of The Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/qatar-frees-8-indian-navy-veterans-jailed-on-alleged-spying-charges-a-timeline-of-the-case-5040417 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Qatar frees 8 ex-Indian Navy men jailed on espionage charges, 7 return to India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/qatar-frees-navy-veterans-jailed-on-espionage-charges-9156490/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> One of them, Commander Purnendu Tiwari, remains detained as of February 2026.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-02 |title=Qatar court rejects bail plea of Indian Navy veteran Purnendu Tiwari as family seeks PM Modi’s intervention |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/qatar-court-rejects-bail-plea-of-indian-navy-veteran-purnendu-tiwari-as-family-seeks-pm-modis-intervention-13975200.html|access-date=2026-02-05|website=[[Firstpost]]|last=Pratap|first=Bhanu}}</ref>

== Background ==
Millions of [[Indian diaspora|Indian nationals]] reside in the [[Persian Gulf]] region, with tens of thousands employed in semi-skilled and low-income jobs. These [[migrant worker]]s have been instrumental in the development of the economies of [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf Arab states]] and serve as a crucial source of [[Remittances to India|remittances for India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-27 |title=Qatar sentences Indian ex-naval officers to death |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67191248 |access-date=2023-10-27 |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027042657/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67191248 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company, Dahra Global Technologies and Consultancy Services, for whom the eight Indians worked, described itself as a "local business partner" of Qatar's governmental agencies including defence.<ref name="JPost"/>

In 2020, Qatar signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) with [[Fincantieri]] — an Italian shipbuilding firm — to build [[submarines]]. The project also involved the maintenance of Qatar's [[naval fleet]] and construction of a [[naval base]]. However, the MoU was reportedly not implemented.<ref name="AJ">{{cite news |last1=Motamedi |first1=Maziar |title=Indians jailed for spying on Qatar for Israel: Reports |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/2/indians-jailed-for-spying-on-qatar-for-israel-reports |work=Al Jazeera |date=2 May 2023 |language=en |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028165815/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2023/5/2/indians-jailed-for-spying-on-qatar-for-israel-reports |url-status=live }}</ref> As of May 2023, the Fincantieri company had no existing contracts for submarines with Qatar. However, based on a 2016 agreement with the Qatar's Ministry of Defence, work on finishing seven surface vessels – including four [[corvette]]s, two [[patrol vessel]]s and one [[Amphibious warfare ship|amphibious vessel]] was in progress.<ref name="AJ"/>

Qatar is reportedly seeking a smaller variety of the [[Type 212A submarine|U212 Near Future submarine]], a submarine project in Italy built with a [[Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft|German firm]]'s cooperation.<ref name="AJ"/>

==Arrest==
On 30 August 2022, the former [[Indian Navy]] officers, Captain Navtej Singh Gill, Captain Birendra Kumar Verma, Captain Saurabh Vasisht, Commander Amit Nagpal, Commander Purnendu Tiwari, Commander Sugunakar Pakala, Commander Sanjeev Gupta and Sailor Ragesh, were arrested from [[Doha]] by the [[Qatar State Security|Qatari intelligence service]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 October 2023 |title=Qatar court hands death sentence to eight former Indian Navy officials; 'deeply shocked' MEA exploring all legal options |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/qatar-court-hands-death-sentence-to-eight-former-indian-navy-officials-deeply-shocked-mea-exploring-all-legal-options/article67461365.ece/ |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026142927/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/qatar-court-hands-death-sentence-to-eight-former-indian-navy-officials-deeply-shocked-mea-exploring-all-legal-options/article67461365.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to reports, they were in charge of teaching the [[Qatari Navy]] and were employed by a private company run by an officer from the [[Oman Air Force]] that offered training and other services to [[Qatar's armed forces]]. The arrested Indian nationals' bail requests were denied by Qatari authorities eight times. The men had their case forwarded to court by the public prosecutor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Case of 8 former naval personnel detained since Aug comes up in Qatar court: MEA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-personnel-detained-in-qatar-case-reaches-court-india-seeks-release-of-nationals-embassy-provides-assistance-101680799610870.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=April 24, 2023 |archive-date=April 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015439/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-personnel-detained-in-qatar-case-reaches-court-india-seeks-release-of-nationals-embassy-provides-assistance-101680799610870.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2023 |title=Qatar arrests eight Indian nationals accused of spying for Israel |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/the-gulf/1682012897-qatar-arrests-eight-indian-nationals-accused-of-spying-for-israel |website=I24news |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015434/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/the-gulf/1682012897-qatar-arrests-eight-indian-nationals-accused-of-spying-for-israel |url-status=live }}</ref>

Up till December 2022, India's [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|MEA]] indicated that no charges were pressed. It said in a weekly media briefing: "If they say that the charges have not yet been pressed, let's take it at that value."<ref>{{Citation |title=Transcript of Weekly Media Briefing by the Official Spokesperson |last=Bagchi |first=Arindam |date=2022-12-29 |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/36071/Transcript_of_Weekly_Media_Briefing_by_the_Official_Spokesperson_December_29_2022 |pages=Paragraph 28 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-11-16 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028075805/https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/36071/Transcript_of_Weekly_Media_Briefing_by_the_Official_Spokesperson_December_29_2022 }}</ref>

==Trial and verdict==
In late March 2023, the eight men had their first trial.<ref name="AJ"/>

In October 2023, the eight former Indian naval officers working for the Al Dahra consulting company, which was advising the Qatari government on the acquisition of [[submarine]]s, were handed [[death sentence]]s by a Qatari court.<ref>{{cite news |title=India 'exploring all legal options' after Qatari court sentences 8 Indians to death for spying |url=https://apnews.com/article/indian-employees-death-sentence-qatar-spying-submarine-5eb329c7bd7fdc8d2fe97f5630d7c987 |work=AP News |date=26 October 2023 |language=en |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026142926/https://apnews.com/article/indian-employees-death-sentence-qatar-spying-submarine-5eb329c7bd7fdc8d2fe97f5630d7c987 |url-status=live }}</ref> The charges against the eight men were not made public by either the [[Indian government]] or the Qatari authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Qatar sentences eight former Indian naval officers to death |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-death-sentence-indian-navy-b2436970.html |work=The Independent |date=27 October 2023 |language=en |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029075125/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-death-sentence-indian-navy-b2436970.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=8 ex-Indian Navy personnel sentenced to death in Qatar; New Delhi says deeply shocked |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/8-ex-navy-personnel-sentenced-to-death-by-qatar-court-india-says-deeply-shocked-101698319804115.html |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027145527/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/8-ex-navy-personnel-sentenced-to-death-by-qatar-court-india-says-deeply-shocked-101698319804115.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Some news outlets, citing unnamed sources, said the men were charged with spying for Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar sentences 8 Indians to death on charges of spying for Israel |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c1649e9e-ec0f-4a1b-b4c2-acddf5c0b0bc |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref>

In December 2023, as per India's foreign ministry, the death sentences were commuted. However, the new penalty they would face was not specified.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=Qatar commutes India ex-navy officers' death penalty |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67831563 |access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=Qatar drops death sentence for 8 Indians on reported charges of spying for Israel |language=en|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/qatar-drops-death-sentence-for-8-indians-on-reported-charges-of-spying-for-israel/ |access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> The authorities later found that there was no evidence to support the case, and the 8 Naval officers were released.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-indian-navy-officials-jailed-in-qatari-prison-call-for-return-of-colleague-left-behind/article69227274.ece</ref><ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-navy-veteran-in-qatar-purnendu-tiwary-case-qatar-death-sentence-mea-2681899-2025-02-18</ref>

In 12 February 2024 the Indian Government released a statement welcoming and celebrating the release of all eight former [[Indian Navy]] officers and thanked the [[Emir of Qatar]] for facilitating their release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeung |first=Jessie |date=2024-02-12 |title=India celebrates release of eight nationals detained in Qatar on reported spy charges |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/12/india/indian-nationals-detained-qatar-released-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

According to an article from February 2026, one of the officers, Commander Purnendu Tiwari, still remains detained in Doha, with his family seeking intervention from the [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref name=":1" />

==Reactions==
The detained Indian nationals in Qatar were actively sought for [[Consular assistance|consular access]] by the Indian mission in Doha, according to the [[Ministry of External Affairs of India]] (MEA).<ref>{{Citation |title=MEA Press Release |date=2023-10-26 |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/37210/Verdict_in_the_case_of_8_Indians_detained_in_Qatar |url-status=live |publication-date=2023-10-26 |access-date=2023-11-16 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028075734/https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/37210/Verdict_in_the_case_of_8_Indians_detained_in_Qatar }}</ref> [[Arindam Bagchi]], the [[Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (India)|spokesperson for the MEA]], said that the Indian Embassy in Doha spoke with the [[Qatari government]] and that Indian diplomats visited the arrested individuals to inquire about their wellbeing. The families of the arrested individuals were in continuous contact with the Indian embassy in Doha, which was also providing consular and legal support. The MEA withheld any information pertaining to the accusations made against the former officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://propakistani.pk/2022/11/09/india-seeks-release-of-8-ex-navy-officers-arrested-in-qatar-over-spying-for-israel/|title=India Seeks Release of 8 Ex-Navy Officers Arrested in Qatar Over Spying for Israel|access-date=2023-04-24|archive-date=2023-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015436/https://propakistani.pk/2022/11/09/india-seeks-release-of-8-ex-navy-officers-arrested-in-qatar-over-spying-for-israel/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/videos/8-indians-allegedly-spying-for-israel-arrested-in-qatar-533066|title=8 Indians allegedly spying for Israel arrested in Qatar|website=WION|access-date=2023-04-24|archive-date=2023-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015434/https://www.wionews.com/videos/8-indians-allegedly-spying-for-israel-arrested-in-qatar-533066|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/explained-the-row-over-8-former-indian-navy-officers-being-detained-in-qatar-11595881.html|title=Explained: The row over 8 former Indian Navy officers being detained in Qatar|date=November 9, 2022|website=Firstpost|access-date=April 24, 2023|archive-date=April 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424015436/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/explained-the-row-over-8-former-indian-navy-officers-being-detained-in-qatar-11595881.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the [[Hindustan Times]], an Indian journalist and their spouse were also ordered by Qatari authorities to leave the country for reporting on the case.<ref>{{cite web |title=8 ex-Indian Navy officers awarded death penalty in Qatar; 'Deeply shocked', says MEA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/qatar-court-sentences-8-ex-indian-navy-personnel-to-death-101698317488623.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=en |date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027042912/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/qatar-court-sentences-8-ex-indian-navy-personnel-to-death-101698317488623.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Capital punishment in Qatar]]
* {{annotated link|Kulbhushan Jadhav}}

* [[India–Qatar relations]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{espionage}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Qatar}}

[[Category:India–Qatar relations]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Qatar]]
[[Category:Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Indian spies]]
[[Category:21st-century spies]]

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu

2026-01-27T16:46:29Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{Short description|Agricultural university in Jammu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
| native_name =
| image_name = SKUAST-J logo.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{start date and age|1999|9|20}}
| closed =
| type = [[State university (India)|State]] [[Agricultural Universities (India)|agricultural university]]
| affiliation = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]]
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor = [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
| rector =
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = Chatha, [[Jammu district]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (Union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coor =
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| sports =
| colors =
| colours =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| athletics =
| affiliations =
| website = {{url|http://www.skuast.org}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu''' ('''SKUAST-J''') is an agriculture university located in the town of Chatha, in the [[Jammu district]] of the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |title=State Agricultural Universities |url=https://icar.org.in/content/state-agricultural-universities-0 |website=[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207105223/https://icar.org.in/content/state-agricultural-universities-0 |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> SKUAST-J came into existence on 20 September 1999 following the amendment in Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Act 1982 through the State legislature. The university inherited few assets and staff deployed at various stations and sub-stations from erstwhile SKUAST (J&K) to carry on the mission of agriculture research and development. Currently Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture & Forestry and School of Biotechnology are located at Chatha (Main Campus), Jammu whereas the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (F.V.Sc & A.H) is located at R. S. Pura, Jammu.

==History==
The Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, J & K was established in 1982 with the objectives of catering to the research, education and extension education requirements of the state. The entire educational infrastructure like colleges of Agriculture, Veterinary and Forestry came up in Kashmir province only and major infrastructure for research and extension was also developed in the same region.

Subsequently, demand for the establishment of a separate Agriculture University for Jammu region was desired because the Jammu region is different from the Kashmir division with regard to its livestock, type and pattern of cropping and other factors. The problems of Jammu region are location-specific in research on crops, pulses, fruits, oil-seeds, vegetables, agriculture, species of livestock and poultry.

Keeping these considerations in view, the then Prime Minister of India, Sh. H.D. Deve Gowda, during his visit to Jammu in 1996, announced the establishment of a separate Agricultural University for Jammu region. His successor-in-office, Sh. I. K. Gujral, subsequently reiterated this commitment.

Following these announcements, the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) constituted a committee popularly known as the Madan Committee. The Committee recommended, in principle, the establishment of the separate Agricultural University for Jammu. Accordingly, the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Act of 1982 was amended by the State legislature providing for a separate Agricultural University by the same name (SKUAST of Jammu).

==Rankings==
The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] (National Institutional Ranking Framework) ranked it 20th among Agriculture institutes in India in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

'''Faculties and Institute'''

* [http://skuast.org/faculties.php Faculty of Agriculture]
* [http://skuast.org/facultyvety.php Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry]
* [http://skuast.org/facultybasic.php Faculty of Basic Sciences]
* [http://skuast.org/foh.php Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry]
* [http://skuast.org/dairy.php Faculty of Dairy Technology]
* [http://skuast.org/agriengg.php Faculty of Agricultural Engineering]
* [http://skuast.org/school_biotech.php Institute of Biotechnology]

'''Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs)'''

* KVK जम्मू
* KVK रियासी
* KVK राजौरी
* KVK भद्रवाह
* KVK सांभा
* KVK कठुआ
* KVK पुंछ
* KVK रामबन
* KVK किश्तवाड़

==Research stations, substations, and centres==

* Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rajouri
* Dryland Research Sub-station, Dhiansar
* Rain fed Research Sub-station for tropical Fruits, Raya
* Regional Horticulture Research Sub-station, Bhaderwah
* Pulses Research Sub-station, Samba
* Maize Breeding Research Sub-station, Poonch
* Water Management Research Centre, Chatha
* Cropping System Research, Chatha
* Seed Production Farm, Chakroi, R.S Pura
* All India Maize Improvement Project, Udhampur

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.skuast.org/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|32.655|74.807|type:edu|display=title}}

[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Education in Jammu (city)]]
[[Category:Universities in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-university-stub}}

Iftikhar Khan

2026-01-11T15:19:29Z

MyronMullet1862: slightly improved formatting for clarity and corrected details

{{Short description|Pakistan Army general (1909–1949)}}
{{about||the Mughal governor|Iftikhar Khan (governor)}}
{{Distinguish|Iftikhar Khan Janjua}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| native_name = محمد افتخار خان
| name = Mohammad Iftikhar Khan
| nickname = ''Ifti''<ref name="FT">{{cite news |date=27 December 2019 |title=A 1949 Air Crash that may have Changed Pakistan's History |work=The Friday Times |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2019/12/27/a-1949-air-crash-that-may-have-changed-pakistans-history/|access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1909|01|10}}
| birth_place = [[Chakwal]], [[Punjab Province (British India)]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1949|12|13|1909|01|10}}
| death_place = Karo Jabal mountain, [[Sindh]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
| death_cause = [[List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 in 1949#December|Pakair C-53 crash]]
| office = [[General officer commanding|GOC]] [[Structure of the Pakistan Army#Corps|10th Infantry Division]] [[Lahore]]
| term_start = 1 January 1948
| term_end = 13 December 1949
| office1 = [[Commanding officer|Commanding Officer]] [[7th Light Cavalry#World War II|7th Light Cavalry]] to [[Occupation of Japan]]
| term_start1 = 12 September 1946
| term_end1 = December 1946
| office2 = [[Second-in-command|2IC]] [[45th Cavalry (India)|45th Cavalry]]
| term_start2 = 1945
| term_end2 = 11 September 1946
| office3 = [[Staff (military)#Commonwealth staff system|General Staff Officer Grade II]] [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Army Staff College]]
| term_start3 = July 1943
| term_end3 = April 1944
| office4 = [[Staff (military)#Commonwealth staff system|General Staff Officer Grade II]] Ceylon Army Command Headquarters
| term_start4 = January 1943
| term_end4 = July 1943
| office5 = [[Indian Army Armoured Corps|No.2 Indian Armoured Corps Training Center]]
| term_start5 = 17 December 1941
| term_end5 = January 1943
| office6 = Regimental [[Adjutant]]
| term_start6 = 19 April 1938
| term_end6 = 5 August 1940
| office7 = Regimental [[Quartermaster]]
| term_start7 = 1 August 1937
| term_end7 = 18 April 1938
| image = Geniftikhar.jpg
| caption = Official military portrait
| spouse = Begum Iftikhar
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} {{small|(1929-1947)}} {{flag|Pakistan}} {{small|(1947-1949)}}
| branch = {{army|British India}} {{small|(1929-1947)}} {{army|PAK}} {{small|(1947-1949)}}
| serviceyears = 1929–1949
| unit = [[Manchester Regiment|2nd Battalion Manchester Regiment]] {{small|(1929-1930)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284996/page/n275/mode/2up?q=Iftikhar+Khan | title=Indian Army List for July -1930 | date=1930 }}</ref> [[7th Light Cavalry]] [[3rd Cavalry (India)|3rd Cavalry]]
| rank = [[File:OF-7_Pakistan_Army.svg|20px]] [[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|15px]] [[Major General]]
| commands = {{ubl|[[7th Light Cavalry]] | [[Structure of the Pakistan Army#Corps|10th Infantry Division]]}}
| battles = {{ubl|[[World War II]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]}}
| relations = [[Muhammed Akbar Khan]] (brother) [[Muhammad Anwar Khan]] (brother) [[Muhammed Zafar Khan]] (brother) [[Masud Khan]] (brother)
| education = *[[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
*Joint Services Staff Course {{small|([[United Kingdom|UK]])}}
| awards =
| honorific_prefix = [[Major General]]
}}
'''Mohammad Iftikhar Khan''' {{small|[[psc (military)|psc]]}} ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد افتخار خان}}}}; 10 January 1909 — 13 December 1949) also known as ''Ifti'', was a [[two-star rank|two-star]] general in the [[Pakistan Army]] serving as [[General officer commanding|GOC]] 10th Division. Prior to the [[Partition of India|Partition of British India]], he was an officer in the [[British Indian Army]]. He was the most senior to succeed General [[Douglas Gracey]] as the [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army]], but was killed in a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-53]] [[List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 in 1949#December|crash]] with 22 others, including his wife and infant daughter before he could take office leading to [[Ayub Khan]] being appointed instead.<ref name="SMH">{{cite news |title=29 KILLED IN AIR CRASHES|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18145933/1032061|work=trove.nla.gov.au|date=14 December 1949}}</ref><ref name="IE">{{cite book|last1=Reuter|first1=PTI|title=TWO PAK. GENERALS & 23 OTHERS BELIEVED KILLED IN AIR CRASH|date=14 December 1949|publisher=Indian Express|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=msU-AAAAIBAJ&dq=mohammad+iftikhar+khan&pg=PA1&article_id=6330,7294452|language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Jalal, Struggle for Pakistan|2014|p=79}}<ref name="FT" />

[[Sher Ali Khan Pataudi|Pataudi]], a close friend of Iftikhar, claimed that Iftikhar was concerned about the politicization of officers and he distrusted politicians. According to him, Iftikhar once stated that ‘it would be better for both of us if we both got out before our hands were stained and garments polluted’. Additionally, [[Sher Ali Khan Pataudi|Pataudi]] believed that if Iftikhar had lived to be [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|C-in-C]], "he would not have allowed the Army to be used for political purposes and ‘would have never used his position as [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|C-in-C]], to come into power through the Army".<ref name="SP">{{Cite book| title=The Story of Soldiering and Politics in India and Pakistan| author1=Muhammad Sher Ali Khan| year=1978|publisher=Wajidalis|language=English}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Iftikhar was born on 10 January 1909 into a family which belonged to the Punjabi [[Minhas]] [[Rajput]] clan of [[Chakwal]].<ref name="SP" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/88742572 | title=(552) - Army lists > Half-yearly Army lists 1923 - Feb 1950 (From 1947, annual, despite the name) > 1938 > Second half - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland }}</ref>

===Family===
His father was Sardar Bahadur [[Ressaidar]] Raja Fazal Dad Khan, who was a [[Zamindar]] and had served as a [[Viceroy's Commissioned Officer]] with the [[12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)|12th Cavalry Unit]] of the [[British Indian Army]].

Iftikhar had nine brothers and four sisters. Six brothers including Iftikhar were in the army, namely Major General [[Muhammed Akbar Khan]], Major General [[Muhammad Anwar Khan]], Brigadier Muhammad Afzal, Brigadier [[Muhammed Zafar Khan]], and Brigadier Muhammad Yusuf Khan. The three other brothers Baqir Khan, Tahir Khan, and [[Masud Khan]] chose civilian careers.<ref>Linda B. Hopkins, ''False Self: The Life of Masud Khan''</ref>

==Personal life==
He was married to Begum Iftikhar, a [[Parsis|Parsi]] woman who was the number one woman rider in [[India]].<ref name="SP"/>

===Personality===
[[Major General]] [[Sher Ali Khan Pataudi]], recalled that Iftikhar was professionally sound, well read and highly intelligent. He added that Iftikhar was a shy person and people wrongfully assumed he was conceited.<ref name="SP" />

He was amongst a group of officers who were more tolerable to the British than the rest because they were [[Anglicisation|anglicized]]. [[Syed Shahid Hamid]] stated that Iftikhar was "more English than the English themselves and looked down on everything native".

[[Major General]] Shaukat Riza credited Iftikhar in his book, ''The Pakistan Army 1947-49'', as “a handsome and forceful character who was never slowed by obstacles”.

[[Lieutenant General (Pakistan)|Lieutenant General]] Mohammad Yusuf, who was concurrently adjutant of 7th Light Cavalry remembered Iftikhar as “a fine horseman and a strict adjutant.”

[[Major General]] [[Aboobaker Osman Mitha|A.O. Mitha]], the founder of Pakistan's [[Special Service Group]], in his book ''Unlikely Beginnings: a Soldier’s Life'' recalls that “Iftikhar was a tough commander and had the reputation of eating a brigadier or a colonel for breakfast every day. However, he was big enough to tolerate outspoken, forceful subordinates”.<ref name="FT" />

== Military career ==
On 29 August 1929, after attending the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], Iftikhar was commissioned as a second lieutenant on the Unattached List for the [[British Indian Army]].<ref>[[The London Gazette]], 30 August 1929, page 5646</ref> He then spent a year on attachment to the 2nd Battalion of the [[Manchester Regiment]].<ref>July 1930 Indian Army List</ref>

=== British Indian Army ===
Khan transferred to the Indian Army on 16 October 1930 and was posted to the [[7th Light Cavalry]].<ref>January 1931 Indian Army List</ref> He was promoted to lieutenant on 29 November 1931.<ref name="April 1934 Indian Army List">April 1934 Indian Army List</ref>

He then transferred to the [[3rd Cavalry (India)|3rd Cavalry]] on 1 October 1932, a regiment which was in the process of being Indianised.<ref name="April 1934 Indian Army List"/>

He was promoted to captain on 29 August 1938 and served as regimental quartermaster from 1 August 1937 to 18 April 1938, then as regimental Adjutant from 19 April 1938 to 5 August 1940.<ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref><ref>July 1940 Indian Army List</ref><ref name="January 1941 Indian Army List">January 1941 Indian Army List</ref> He was appointed a Staff Captain on 7 August 1940.<ref>War services of British and Indian officer of the Indian Army 1941</ref><ref name="January 1941 Indian Army List"/><ref>July 1941 Indian Army List</ref>

From 17 December 1941, Khan was attached to the No. 2 Indian Armoured Corps Training Center.<ref>April 1942 Indian Army List</ref> By January 1943, he was a General Staff Officer Grade 2 on the staff of Headquarters Ceylon Army Command.<ref>January 1943 Indian Army List</ref>

By July 1943 he was a local lieutenant colonel and a General Staff Officer Grade 2 at the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College, Quetta]].<ref name="July 1943 Indian Army List">July 1943 Indian Army List</ref> He was still in this role in April 1944.<ref>April 1944 Indian Army List</ref>

In early 1945, he was a temporary major and second in command of the 45th Cavalry, a war raised armoured unit then serving in [[Burma campaign|Burma]], later posted to the 7th Light Cavalry as temporary major and second in command.<ref>October 1945 Indian Army List</ref>

He was promoted to major on 29 August 1946. He commanded the [[7th Light Cavalry]] in [[Japan]] as part of the [[Occupation of Japan|occupation forces]] from September to December 1946.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVwaAAAAIAAJ&q=pre-partition%20Indian%20Commandant|title=We Lead: 7th Light Cavalry, 1784-1990|publisher=Lancer International|author=C. L. Proudfoot|date=1991|isbn=9788170621058 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Pakistan Army ===
On the [[Partition of India|Partition of British India]] in August 1947, Khan opted to join the new [[Pakistan Army]]. He was quickly promoted to major general and on 1 January 1948 assumed the command of the 10th Division.<ref name=Riza/>

Khan had been nominated by the [[Government of Pakistan|Government of Liaquat Ali Khan]] to become the first local [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army]] after General [[Douglas Gracey]]'s retirement.<ref name=Riza>Major-General Shaukat Riza, ''The Pakistan Army 1947-49'', p. 183</ref> He was senior to later [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|Commander-in-Chief]] and dictator [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]].<ref>Shaukat Hyat Khan, ''Memoirs'' Lahore, 1993, np</ref>

In [[Ayub Khan]]'s book ''Friends, not masters'', he alleged "the British were backing Major General Iftikhar and that he was short tempered and difficult to get on with."<ref>{{citation |last=Abbas |first=Hassan |title=Pakistan's Drift into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3GsBwAAQBAJ |date=2015 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-46327-6 |ref={{sfnref|Abbas, Pakistan's Drift into Extremism|2015}}}}</ref>

==Death==
While Iftikhar planned to go by train from [[Lahore]] to [[Karachi]] and then take a flight to the [[United Kingdom]] as the first Pakistan Army Officer selected for a course at the [[Royal College of Defence Studies|Imperial Defence College]], while {{citation needed span|date=January 2026|Brigadier Sher Khan had been appointed to the [[United States]] and was headed there for the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] discussion on [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir]] along with Cabinet Secretary General Mohammad Ali, Under-Secretary Mohammad Niaz and Deputy Director of Public Relations Mushtaq Ahmad.}} Sher Khan called Iftikhar and persuaded him that they all travel by air together.<ref name=SMH/>

Before Khan could assume his new post, tragedy struck when his flight on a Pakistan Airways [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-53]] [[List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 in 1949#December|aircraft crashed]] on 13 December 1949 at 10 PM PST, claiming his life as well as the lives of his wife and infant daughter. Also among the victims were Director of Military Operations Brigadier Sher Khan, and his wife. Additionally, Lala Murli Dhar {{small|(the oldest son of [[Lala Shri Ram]])}} and his wife Mrs. Murli Dhar who were on their way to buy jewelry for their son Shri Dhar's wedding, Mr. Yaktar, Mr. Sher Ali, Mr. Rana Mohammed Sidiq, Mohammed Niaz, Mushtaq Ali, Len Mitchell (a British owner of a fruit farm in Pakistan), Mrs. Bergie (wife of a British Bank manager in Karachi), and the crew members including Captain Farooqi, Co-Pilot Saleem, Radio Officer Derby, and air hostess Margaret Drake.<ref name=IE/>
The plane was flying from Lahore to Karachi when it crashed at Karo Jabal, near Malmari Jalalji Village, Thatta, 102 kilometers from Karachi and several miles away from the nearest rescue base in [[Jungshahi]].<ref name=SMH/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/dcm-s-split-family-disorder-111041400059_1.html|title=DCM's split family disorder|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=14 April 2011|last1=Bhandari|first1=Bhupesh}}</ref>

===Funeral===
The funeral procession began at the [[Frere Hall]] in [[Karachi]], making its way 1.5 miles through [[Saddar|Saddar Bazaar]]. Thousands of people witnessed the procession before it reached its final destination at the Armed Forces Cemetery, commonly known as [[List of cemeteries in Karachi#Muslims|Fauji Qabristan]].<ref name="FT" />

The remains of Iftikhar and Sher Khan were transported to [[Gun carriage#State and military funerals|Gun carriages]] by military personnel, namely Commodore Chaudhri, Brigadier Rodham, Brigadier Sher Ali, and Group Captain Murad.<ref name="FT" />

Among the chief mourners was the brother of Iftikhar, [[Major General]] [[Muhammed Akbar Khan]], and Lieutenant Colonel Yusuf Khan, the brother of Sher Khan. Following them were Admiral Jefford, Major General Raza, and Ghulam Muhammad, who represented [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]. Furthermore, diplomats, government officials, military personnel, and prominent individuals from Karachi were present in the procession.<ref name="FT" />

Each [[Gun carriage#State and military funerals|Gun carriage]] was pulled by 8 [[Junior commissioned officer|JCOs]]. Over 30,000 people attended the [[Funeral prayer (Islam)|Funeral prayers]] at the Fauji Qabristan.<ref name="FT" />

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1a.svg|35px]] || [[Second lieutenant#United Kingdom & other Commonwealth countries|Second Lieutenant]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 29 August 1929 (unattached 2-Lt.)<ref name="GRAD list">{{cite news|date=1938|title=Second half Half-yearly Army lists 1923 - Feb 1950 (From 1947, annual, despite the name)|url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/88742572}}</ref> 16 October 1930<ref>{{cite web | url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/89287245 | title=(572) - Army lists > Half-yearly Army lists 1923 - Feb 1950 (From 1947, annual, despite the name) > 1941 > Second half - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1b.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 29 November 1931<ref name="GRAD list" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/104459072 | title=(527) - Army lists > Monthly army lists > 1937-1940 > July 1938 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Army (1920–1953) OF-2.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 1 August 1938<ref>{{cite web | url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/105613544 | title=(588) - Army lists > Monthly army lists > 1937-1940 > August 1939 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland }}</ref> 7 August 1940 (Staff Captain)<ref name="January 1941 Indian Army List"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-3.svg|35px]] || [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] ||[[British Indian Army]] || 10 February 1943 (acting)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/89443811 | title=(755) - Army lists > Quarterly Army Lists (Second Series), July 1940-December 1950 > 1944 > Second quarter > Part 2 > Volume 1 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland }}</ref> 20 April 1943 (temporary)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278926/page/n169/mode/2up?q=Mohammad+Iftikhar | title=Indian Army List for October I Part 1 - 1945 }}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] || [[British Indian Army]] || July 1943<ref name="July 1943 Indian Army List"/>
|-
|align="center" | [[File:OF-7_Pakistan_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major General]] || [[Pakistan Army]] || 14 August 1947
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Abbas |first=Hassan |title=Pakistan's Drift into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3GsBwAAQBAJ |date=2015 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-46327-6 |ref={{sfnref|Abbas, Paksitan's Drift into Extremism|2015}}}}
* {{citation |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |author-link=Ayesha Jalal |title=The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87VnBAAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-74499-8 |ref={{sfnref|Jalal, Struggle for Pakistan|2014}}}}
* {{citation |last=Kapur |first=Teg Bahadur |title=Unknown Significant Facts from a Soldier's Diary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiBuAAAAMAAJ |date=2004 |publisher=Minerva Press |isbn=978-81-7662-304-9 |ref={{sfnref{{harvtxt|Kapur, Unknown Sigificant Facts from a Soldier's Diary|2004}}}}}}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=V. K. |title=Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJDsk_g6tXUC&pg=PA160 |year=2005 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-3322-9 |page=160 |ref={{sfnref|V. K. Singh, Leadership in the Indian Army|2005}}}}
* {{citation |last=Zaheer |first=Hasan |title=The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjNuAAAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577892-2 |ref={{sfnref|Zaheer, The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy|1998}}}}

== Further reading ==
* Barua, Pradeep. ''The Army Officer Corps and Military Modernisation in Later Colonial India''
* Sharma, Gautam. ''Nationalisation of the Indian Army''

==External links==
* [http://pakistanlink.org/Opinion/2005/July05/08/01.HTM The Quaid: Pakistan’s Tom Paine or Thomas Jefferson? By Mohammad Ashraf Chaudhry]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Iftikhar Mohammad}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1949 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army major generals]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Chakwal District]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army personnel]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani military personnel]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1949]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Academics of the Staff College, Quetta]]

Love Grove Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:14:09Z

MyronMullet1862: added a stub - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Love Grove
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1962
| abolished = 1972<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title=Archive Delimitation Orders |access-date=25 December 2024|publisher=Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
| electors = 109,472
| mla = Ramchander A. Khaire
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Love Grove Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Puna Tabha Patel || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Ramchander A. Khaire
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Love Grove<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchander A. Khaire |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,402 |percentage=64.62% |change={{increase}}25.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narendra Devdas Jadhav |party=Shiv Sena |votes=10,990 |percentage=15.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hari Punjaji Jadhav |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,266 |percentage=7.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raghunath N. Chavan |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=2,947 |percentage=4.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ram Aurangabadkar |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes=2,774 |percentage=3.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Ramachandra More |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,244 |percentage=1.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,412 |percentage=49.32% |change= {{increase}}48.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,806 |percentage=63.60% |change= {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,472 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}25.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Love Grove<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Puna Tabha Patel |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,532 |percentage=38.89% |change={{decrease}}5.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arjun Ramchandra Alekar |party=Republican Party of India |votes=24,324 |percentage=38.56% |change={{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. L. Nagaonkar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=6,107 |percentage=9.68% |change={{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. G. Padarath |party=Independent politician |votes=4,973 |percentage=7.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=208 |percentage=0.33% |change= {{decrease}}9.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,079 |percentage=62.24% |change= {{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,305 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Love Grove<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Puna Tabha Patel |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,598 |percentage=43.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Palji Hamabhai Boricha |party=Republican Party of India |votes=18,823 |percentage=33.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arjun Ramchandra Alekar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,287 |percentage=11.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhikaji Babaji Pawar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,374 |percentage=7.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,775 |percentage=10.32% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=55,972 |percentage=57.44% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,737 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

M. Saravanan (producer)

2025-12-10T14:19:01Z

MyronMullet1862: added a info - done

{{Short description|Indian film producer (1940–2025)}}
{{Other people||M. Saravanan (disambiguation){{!}}M. Saravanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}

'''Saravanan Surya Mani''' (1940 – 4 December 2025), also known as '''AVM Saravanan''', was an Indian film producer of [[Tamil cinema]]. His production company is [[AVM Productions]], which was founded in 1945 by his father, the famed director-producer [[A. V. Meiyappan]], who is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of Tamil cinema.

Saravanan was involved in hits such as ''[[Naanum Oru Penn]]'', ''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]'', ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'', ''[[Vettaikaaran (2009 film)|Vettaikaran]]'', ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'', ''[[Leader (2010 film)|Leader]]'' and ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]''. He was the father of [[M. S. Guhan]], another producer of movies. Saravanan owned the AVM Studios in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/AVM-Productions-to-split/article20271873.ece|title=AVM Productions to split|date=6 July 2011|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=15 July 2021|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715225238/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/AVM-Productions-to-split/article20271873.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|department=Entertainment|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/11/stories/2003071101220200.htm|title=For the family, from AVM|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 July 2003|accessdate=24 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606103544/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/11/stories/2003071101220200.htm|archivedate=6 June 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401350100.htm|title=Finger on people's pulse|date=14 May 2004|accessdate=24 January 2010|work=The Hindu|department=Entertainment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826111941/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/14/stories/2004051401350100.htm|archivedate=26 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a producer he won two [[Filmfare Awards South]]. He also served as the [[Sheriff of Madras]] in 1986.

Saravanan died on 4 December 2025, at the age of 85. He had been suffering from health issues for a few years and was undergoing treatment intermittently.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2025 |title=உடல்நலக்குறைவால் ஏ.வி.எம். சரவணன் காலமானார் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/avm-saravanan-passed-away-800103 |access-date=4 December 2025 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-04 |title=Legendary producer AVM Saravanan, pillar of Tamil cinema, dies at 86 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/avm-saravanan-passes-away-veteran-tamil-cinema-producer-legacy-remembered-2830398-2025-12-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251204035057/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/avm-saravanan-passes-away-veteran-tamil-cinema-producer-legacy-remembered-2830398-2025-12-04 |archive-date=2025-12-04 |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Tamil|Best Film - Tamil]] - [[Naanum Oru Penn]] (1963)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GkiAQAAIAAJ&q=nanum|title = The Times of India Directory & Yearbook, Including Who's who|year = 1964 | last1=Reed | first1=Sir Stanley }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=1963+Nanum|title = Collections|year = 1991}}</ref>
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Tamil|Best Film - Tamil]] - [[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]] (1986)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/download/34th-filmfare-south-winners/34th%20Filmfare%20South%20winners.jpg | format=JPG | title=The Awards}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=samsaram+adhu|title = Collections|year = 1991}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0530807}}

{{AVM Productions}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saravanan, M.}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Sheriffs of Madras]]

{{film-producer-stub}}

Kerala Swatantra Matsya Thozhilali Federation

2025-12-09T10:25:07Z

MyronMullet1862: creating basic biography basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

The '''Kerala Swatantra Matsyathozhilali Federation''' (KSMTF, or the Kerala Independent Fishworkers Federation) is a [[trade union]] of small-scale [[artisanal fisher]]s of the state of [[Kerala]] in South [[India]]. Small-scale fishworkers had been left out of the political mainstream in the politically charged Kerala province, as both the Left and the Right presupposed that they would only vote under the influence of the [[Catholic Church]].

The union was formed in 1980, led by [[Thomas Kocherry]]. The [[Kerala Latin Catholic Fish Workers' Federation]] had been formed in 1977, but its Catholic affiliation prevented it from being inclusive. The KSMTF was a more militant and inclusive rival to it. Kocherry was also a leader of the [[National Fishermen's Forum]] which campaigned beyond Kerala.<ref>Joanne R Bauer, ''Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments'', p. 224, Routledge, 2015 {{ISBN|1317470303}}.</ref>

The KSMTF was responsible for the political awakening of the small-scale fishing community in the early 1980s, when they had to struggle to preserve their livelihoods against the [[commercial trawler]]s whose fleet had rapidly expanded to unsustainable levels.<ref>Mahesh V. Joshi, ''Economics of Fisheries'', APH Publishing Corporation, 1996 {{ISBN|8170247799}}.</ref> Led by the [[Liberation Theology]]-inspired [[radical clergy]], KSMTF took the fight to a political level, leading to far-reaching changes in governance (including a closed season for trawlers since 1988).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.keralafishworkers.org/ KSMTF's own site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316030647/http://www.keralafishworkers.org/ |date=16 March 2007 }}
* [http://www.keralafishworkers.org/ Alakal, the newsletter of KSMTF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316030647/http://www.keralafishworkers.org/ |date=16 March 2007 }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fishing in India]]
[[Category:Trade unions in Kerala]]
[[Category:Trade unions established in the 1980s]]
[[Category:1980s establishments in Kerala]]

{{india-org-stub}}

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 10

2025-12-03T20:54:03Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{Short description|Season of television series (2016)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 10
| image = Bigg_Boss_10_Logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #0000A0
| starring =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Salman Khan]]
| num_days = 105
| num_housemates = 18
| winner = Manveer Gurjar
| runner_up = [[Bani J|Bani Judge]]
}}
| num_episodes = 106
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|10|16}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|01|29}}
| episode_list =
}}
'''''Bigg Boss 10''''', also known as '''''Bigg Boss: India Isse Apna Hi Ghar Samjho''''' is the tenth season of the Indian [[reality TV]] series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]''. It began airing on 16 October 2016 on [[Colors TV]].
It was the first time when the doors of house were opened for commoners called Indiawale. This season ended on 29 January 2017 with Manveer Gurjar as the winner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/manveer-gurjar-wins-bigg-boss-10-why-he-was-the-most-deserving-contestant-3226688.html/amp|title=Manveer Gurjar wins Bigg Boss 10: Why he was the most deserving contestant|website=www.firstpost.com|date=30 January 2017}}</ref> [[Bani J|Bani Judge]] became the first runner up.

This was the first season of ''Bigg Boss'' to be aired on an [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] platform - [[Voot]]. New element called ‘Unseen-Undekha’ was introduced by way of unseen footage uploaded on [[Voot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/viacom-18's-voot-to-air-exclusive-content-from-'bigg-boss-10'-66448.html|title=Vpottysusuiacom 18's Voot to air exclusive content from 'Bigg Boss 10'|date=25 October 2016|website=Exchange 4 Media}}</ref>

==Housemates status==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Sr
! scope="col" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Status
|-
| 1
| Manveer
| Day 1
| {{nowrap|Day 105}}
| {{won|Winner}}
|-
| 2
| Bani
| Day 1
| {{nowrap|Day 105}}
| {{runner-up|1st runner-up}}
|-
| 3
| Lopamudra
| Day 1
| {{nowrap|Day 105}}
| style="background:#7FFFD4;text-align:center;" |{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" | Manu
| Day 1
| Day 49
| {{Quit|Walked}}
|-
| Day 59
| {{nowrap|Day 105}}
| {{Quit|{{nowrap|Walked, 3rd runner-up}}}}
|-
| 5
| Rohan
| Day 1
| {{nowrap|Day 102}}
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 6
| Antara
| Day 1
| Day 97
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 7
| Nitibha
| Day 1
| Day 91
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |Swami Om
| Day 1
| Day 48
| {{Quit|Walked}}
|-
| Day 50
| Day 81
| {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| 9
| Gaurav
| Day 1
| Day 78
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |10
| rowspan="3" |Priyanka
| Day 1
| Day 7
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 42
| Day 56
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 59
| Day 69
| {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| 11
| Rahul
| Day 1
| Day 63
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 12
| Sahil
| Day 42
| Day 56
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 13
| Jason
| Day 42
| Day 56
| {{Quit|Walked}}
|-
| 14
| Elena
| Day 42
| Day 48
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 15
| Lokesh
| Day 1
| Day 35
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 16
| Karan
| Day 1
| Day 34

| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 17
| Navin
| Day 1
| Day 28
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 18
| Akanksha
| Day 1
| Day 14
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates==
The participants in the order of appearance and entered in house are:

===Original entrants===
* Swami Om – Social, religious and political leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-om-swami-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3089729/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Om Swami Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Om Swami EVICTED from">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-om-swami-evicted-from-the-house-441600|title=Bigg Boss 10: Om Swami EVICTED from the house!|date=6 November 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911032113/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-om-swami-evicted-from-the-house-441600|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BIGG BOSS 10: Swami Om THROWN OUT o">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-swami-om-thrown-out-of-the-house-finally-475413|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Swami Om THROWN OUT of the house FINALLY!|date=5 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=7 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107170852/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-swami-om-thrown-out-of-the-house-finally-475413|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-om-swami-threatens-he-wont-let-the-grand-finale-happen/articleshow/56400939.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Om Swami threatens he won't let the grand finale happen|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 January 2017}}</ref>
* [[Lopamudra Raut]] – Model and beauty queen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-lopamudra-raut-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3088014/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Lopamudra Raut Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-lopamudra-raut-is-out-of-the-show-486053|title=Bigg Boss 10: Lopamudra Raut EVICTED; Becomes 2nd Runner Up|date=29 January 2017|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302021242/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-lopamudra-raut-is-out-of-the-show-486053|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/there-are-no-ego-problems-between-me-and-bani-says-bigg-boss-10-finalist-lopamudra-raut/articleshow/56877987.cms|title=There are no ego problems between me and Bani, says Bigg Boss 10 finalist Lopamudra Raut|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 January 2017}}</ref> She is an [[engineer]] by profession. She represented [[India]] at ''Miss United Continents 2016'' pageant and was crowned 2nd runner up. She also won the "Best National Costume" award for India three years in a row.
* Manveer Gurjar – Farmer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-manveer-gujjar-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3078303/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Manveer Gujjar Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-winner-manveer-gurjar-if-manu-talks-bad-about-me-it-will-pinch-me/articleshow/56864536.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 winner Manveer Gurjar: If Manu talks bad about me, it will pinch me|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 January 2017}}</ref>
* Nitibha Kaul – Google marketing worker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-nitibha-kaul-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3078893/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Nitibha Kaul Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="CONFIRMED: Nitibha Kaul EVICTED fro">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/confirmed-nitibha-kaul-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-479423|title=CONFIRMED: Nitibha Kaul EVICTED from Bigg Boss 10 !|date=13 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911032010/https://www.abplive.in/television/confirmed-nitibha-kaul-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-479423|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-evicted-nitibha-kaul-interview-mona-lisa-manveer-gurjar-4475322/|title=Evicted Bigg Boss 10 contestant Nitibha Kaul feels Mona Lisa is least deserving on the show|date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
* Lokesh Sharma – Student.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-lokesh-kumari-sharma-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3078223/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Lokesh Kumari Sharma Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Lokesh Kumari EVICTED">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-after-getting-evicted-lokesh-makes-a-shocking-revelation-449639|title=Bigg Boss 10: Lokesh Kumari EVICTED!|date=21 November 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=23 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123064016/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-after-getting-evicted-lokesh-makes-a-shocking-revelation-449639|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-lokesh-kumari-evicted-manu-manveer-salman-khan-rohan-mehra-4387668/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Lokesh Kumari says Manu, Manveer stopped her from revealing her talent|date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
* Akanksha Sharma – She is a Haryanvi writer and stage actress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-akanksha-sharma-ex-wife-of-yuvraj-singh-brother-3087023/|title=Bigg Boss 10 contestant Akanksha Sharma is ex-wife of Yuvraj Singh's brother|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Akanksha Sharma EVICT">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/salman-khans-bigg-boss-10-indiawale-contestant-akanksha-sharma-eliminated-in-the-second-week--815758|title=Bigg Boss 10: Akanksha Sharma EVICTED!|date=29 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She is the ex-wife of [[Yuvraj Singh]]'s brother, Zorawar Singh.
* [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan Mehra]] – Television actor and model.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actor-rohan-mehra-quits-the-show-to-enter-salman-khans-bigg-boss-10-1516216/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai actor Rohan Mehra to participate in Salman Khan's show; Quits his show|date=27 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="BIGG BOSS 10: Rohan Mehra ELIMINATE">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-eliminated-in-the-mid-week-eviction-484142|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Rohan Mehra ELIMINATED in the mid-week eviction|date=25 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911031243/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-eliminated-in-the-mid-week-eviction-484142|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-helped-me-become-mature-says-rohan-mehra-484922|title='Bigg Boss' helped me become mature, says Rohan Mehra|date=26 January 2017|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803000607/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-helped-me-become-mature-says-rohan-mehra-484922|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is known for acting in ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' as Varun and ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' as Naksh.
* [[Bani J|Bani Judge]] – Reality TV star, actress, model and VJ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-bani-j-to-be-in-bigg-boss-10-417795|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Bani J to be in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 September 2016|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025000101/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-bani-j-to-be-in-bigg-boss-10-417795|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gauahar-Khan-was-the-reason-why-Bani-J-said-yes-to-Bigg-Boss-10/articleshow/54892270.cms|title=Gauahar Khan was the reason why Bani J said yes to Bigg Boss 10|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-disappointing-that-i-didn-t-win-but-manveer-is-deserving-vj-bani-s-first-interview-after-coming-out-of-bigg-boss-10-2299413|title=Disappointing that I didn't win but Manveer is deserving: VJ Bani's first interview after coming out of Bigg Boss 10!|date=29 January 2017}}</ref> She participated in the reality show ''[[MTV Roadies]]'' in 2006. She later acted in films ''[[Aap Kaa Surroor (film)|Aap Kaa Surroor]]'' and ''[[Zorawar]]''.
* [[Karan Mehra]] – Television actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-ex-naitik-of-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-approached-for-the-show-428542|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Ex-Naitik of YEH RISHTA KYA KEHLATA HAI approached for the show|date=9 October 2016|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013175543/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-ex-naitik-of-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-approached-for-the-show-428542|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-10-is-not-scripted-i-can-vouch-for-it-karan-mehra-1302419.html|title=Bigg Boss 10 is Not Scripted, I Can Vouch For It: Karan Mehra|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Karan Mehra EVICTED!">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-karan-mehra-eliminated-from-the-show-449118|title=Bigg Boss 10: Karan Mehra EVICTED!|date=19 November 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=21 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121105915/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-karan-mehra-eliminated-from-the-show-449118|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bani-is-very-strong-but-misunderstood-karan-mehra-449371|title=Bani is very strong but misunderstood: Karan Mehra|date=20 November 2016|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122080312/http://www.abplive.in/television/bani-is-very-strong-but-misunderstood-karan-mehra-449371|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is known for his role of Naitik in the popular show ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' which aired on Star Plus. He participated in the dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye]]'' in 2012.
* [[Manu Punjabi|Manu Punjabi]] – Reality TV actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-manoj-punjabi-profile-biography-photos-and-video/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Manoj Punjabi Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-manu-punjabi-makes-an-emergency-exit-from-the-show-817558|title=Bigg Boss 10: Manu Punjabi makes an EMERGENCY EXIT from the show!|date=3 December 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-manu-punjabi-returns-confirmed-see-pics-4423319/|title=CONFIRMED Bigg Boss 10 contestant Manu Punjabi returns to the show, see pics|date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-manu-punjabi-quits-show-walks-away-with-rs-10-lakh/story-q8gJsbuJeQ9mhKZ9BJRgXJ.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Manu Punjabi quits show, walks away with Rs 10 lakh|date=29 January 2017}}</ref> He participated in [[Life OK]]'s ''[[The Bachelorette India|The Bachelorette India: Mere Khayaalon Ki Mallika]]'' in 2013.
* [[Gaurav Chopra]] – Actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-10-contestants-gaurav-chopra-to-be-part-of-salman-khans-show/417894/|title=Bigg Boss 10 contestants: Gaurav Chopra to be part of Salman Khan's show|date=14 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/gaurav-chopra-is-out-of-bigg-boss-10-brother-raghav-confirms-his-eviction-473469|title=Bigg Boss 10: Gaurav Chopra is EVICTED|date=1 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911024157/https://www.abplive.in/television/gaurav-chopra-is-out-of-bigg-boss-10-brother-raghav-confirms-his-eviction-473469|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/gaurav-chopra-interview-dangerous-bigg-boss-10-eviction-mouni-roy/17886169|title=Gaurav Chopra: The fights that happen on 'Bigg Boss' are real|date=9 January 2017}}</ref> He is known for his roles in television shows like ''[[Uttaran]]'' and ''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]''. He participated in ''[[Nach Baliye]]'' and ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (TV series)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''.
* Priyanka Jagga – Marketing recruiter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-priyanka-jagga-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3078822/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Priyanka Jagga Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka Jagga EVICTE">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/videos/in-graphics-bigg-boss-10-s-troublemaker-priyanka-jagga-eliminated-from-the-show-436100|title=Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka Jagga EVICTED!|date=24 October 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002150/http://www.abplive.in/videos/in-graphics-bigg-boss-10-s-troublemaker-priyanka-jagga-eliminated-from-the-show-436100|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bigg-boss-10s-priyanka-jagga-i-know-i-dont-have-manners/20161102.htm|title=Bigg Boss 10's Priyanka Jagga: I know I don't have manners|date=2 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-priyanka-jagga-is-not-evicted-she-is-in-the-secret-room/story-rDOl6K0dKk4lh9Oofa3A5M.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka Jagga is not evicted, she is in the secret room|date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Host Salman Khan kick">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-host-salman-khan-kicks-priyanka-jagga-out-of-the-house-468966|title=Bigg Boss 10: Host Salman Khan kicks Priyanka Jagga out of the house|date=23 December 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=25 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225155802/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-host-salman-khan-kicks-priyanka-jagga-out-of-the-house-468966|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rahul Dev]] – Film actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-leaked-deepika-padukone-reaches-contestants-rohan-karan-mehra-vj-banis-entry-salman-khans-comedy-dance-first-pics-videos-815348|title=Bigg Boss 10: Bollywood's villain actor Rahul Dev to enter the house|date=15 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rahul-Dev-Took-up-Bigg-Boss-to-support-my-sons-education/articleshow/55026179.cms|title=Rahul Dev: Took up 'Bigg Boss' to support my son's education|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Rahul Dev EVICTED!">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-omg-rahul-dev-gets-eliminated-465316|title=Bigg Boss 10: Rahul Dev EVICTED!|date=17 December 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911032007/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-omg-rahul-dev-gets-eliminated-465316|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-i-am-going-to-miss-spending-time-with-rahul-dev-post-eviction-819307|title=Bigg Boss 10: "I am going to miss spending time with..." -Rahul Dev post EVICTION!|date=19 December 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is known for his roles in Bollywood. He has acted in many films like ''[[Kyon Ki]]'', ''[[Ek Paheli Leela]]'' and ''[[Dishoom]]''. He participated reality shows ''[[Power Couple (Indian TV series)|Power Couple]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''.
* Navin Prakash – Teacher.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-contestant-navin-prakash-profile-biography-photos-and-video-3078926/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Contestant Navin Prakash Profile, Biography, Photos and Video|date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Navin Prakash EVICTED">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/shocking-navin-prakash-out-of-bigg-boss-10-444254|title=Bigg Boss 10: Navin Prakash EVICTED!|date=11 November 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911032027/https://www.abplive.in/television/shocking-navin-prakash-out-of-bigg-boss-10-444254|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Antara Biswas]] (also known as Monalisa) – Bhojpuri actress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bhojpuri-actress-antara-biswas-aka-monalisa-to-take-part-in-bigg-boss-10-432151|title=Bhojpuri actress Antara Biswas aka Monalisa to take part in BIGG BOSS 10|date=16 October 2016|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805140649/http://www.abplive.in/television/bhojpuri-actress-antara-biswas-aka-monalisa-to-take-part-in-bigg-boss-10-432151|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-bhojpuri-actress-antara-biswas-wants-salman-khans-attention-434637|title=Bigg Boss 10 contestant Antara Biswas: Want Salman Khan's attention|date=17 October 2016|access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020115433/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-bhojpuri-actress-antara-biswas-wants-salman-khans-attention-434637|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-makers-change-the-decision-at-the-end-evict-monalisa-antra-from-the-show-482367|title=Bigg Boss 10: Antara Biswas aka Monalisa gets EVICTED!|date=21 January 2017|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020115427/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-makers-change-the-decision-at-the-end-evict-monalisa-antra-from-the-show-482367|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] actress who has acted in more than 100 [[Bhojpuri film]]s. She has appeared in films like ''[[Blackmail (2005 film)|Blackmail]]'' and ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''.

===Wild card entrants===
* [[Jason Shah]] – Fitness model.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/confirmed-bigg-boss-10-sahil-anand-elena-kazan-to-join-priyanka-jagga-jason-shah-as-wild-card-contestants-816793|title=CONFIRMED! Bigg Boss 10: Sahil Anand, Elena Kazan to join Priyanka Jagga & Jason Shah as WILD CARD contestants!|date=24 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jason-Shah-Ive-been-especially-told-not-to-roam-around-in-underwear-on-Bigg-Boss-10/articleshow/55646936.cms|title=Jason Shah: I've been especially told not to roam around in underwear on Bigg Boss 10|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="BIGG BOSS 10: CONFIRMED! Jason Shah">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-confirmed-jason-shah-quits-the-show-462701|title=BIGG BOSS 10: CONFIRMED! Jason Shah QUITS the show|date=13 December 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=15 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215145705/http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-confirmed-jason-shah-quits-the-show-462701|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is known for participating in ''MTV Crunch''. He also has acted in the films ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' and ''[[Fitoor]]''.
* [[Elena Kazan]] – German-Russian film actress.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/i-got-training-for-bigg-boss-10-while-working-in-indian-films-wild-card-entrant-elena-kazan-4398082/|title=I got training for Bigg Boss 10 while working in Indian films: Wild card entrant Elena Kazan|date=28 November 2016|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Elena Kazan EVICTED!">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/elena-kazan-gets-evicted-from-bigg-boss-house-457516|title=Bigg Boss 10: Elena Kazan EVICTED!|date=4 December 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=7 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207091049/http://www.abplive.in/television/elena-kazan-gets-evicted-from-bigg-boss-house-457516|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/exclusive-evicted-bigg-boss-10-contestant-elena-kazan-wants-bani-j-to-win-4411177/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Want Bani J to win the show says evicted Elena Kazan|date=5 December 2016}}</ref> She had acted in films such as ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]'', ''[[John Day (film)|John Day]]'' and ''[[Prague (2013 film)|Prague]]''.
* [[Sahil Anand]] – Actor.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-wild-card-entrant-sahil-anand-dont-like-how-bani-j-behaves-with-lopamudra-raut-watch-video-4397781/|title=Bigg Boss 10 wild card entrant Sahil Anand: Don't like how Bani J behaves with Lopamudra Raut, watch video|date=28 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="WEEKEND KA DOUBLE VAAR: Priyanka Ja">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/weekend-ka-double-vaar-priyanka-jagga-and-sahil-anand-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-10-461375|title=WEEKEND KA DOUBLE VAAR: Priyanka Jagga and Sahil Anand ELIMINATED from BIGG BOSS 10|date=11 December 2016|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215000643/http://www.abplive.in/television/weekend-ka-double-vaar-priyanka-jagga-and-sahil-anand-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-10-461375|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/television/bigg-boss-10-the-show-is-crazy-but-can-change-your-life-says-sahil-anand-1636704|title=Bigg Boss 10: The Show Is Crazy But Can Change Your Life, Says Sahil Anand|date=11 December 2016}}</ref> He is known for participating in ''[[MTV Roadies]]'' in 2006. He later acted in the films ''[[Student of the Year]]'' and ''[[Love Day - Pyaar Ka Din]]''. He also acted in television shows like ''[[Mera Naam Karegi Roshan]]'' and ''[[Rang Badalti Odhani]]''.

===Guest entrants===
* [[Vikrant Singh Rajpoot|Vikrant Singh Rajput]] – Film actor & model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/buzz/bigg-boss-10-monalisa-and-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-are-married-view-exclusive-wedding-and-mehndi-pictures-1766692/ |title=Bigg Boss 10: Monalisa and Vikrant Singh Rajpoot are married! View exclusive wedding and mehndi pictures & video! |work=india.com |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

== Guests appearances ==
{| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: white; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; width:3%;" | Week(s)
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; width:25%;" | Guest(s)
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; width:60%;" | Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''Premiere'''
| align=center|[[Deepika Padukone]]
| To promote her film ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-What-to-expect-from-the-premiere-episode/photostory/54881222.cms|title=What to expect from the premiere episode|work= [[The Times of India]]|date= 16 October 2016 |access-date= 21 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''1'''
| align=center|[[Kamya Punjabi]]
| To appreciate and motivate the contestants as an ex-contestant of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss 7]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Kamya-Punjabi-is-back-on-the-show/articleshow/54995833.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Kamya Punjabi is back on the show|work= [[The Times of India]]|date= 22 October 2016 |access-date= 29 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/kamya-punjabi-criticizes-the-celebrities-on-bigg-boss-10-4521.html|title=Kamya Punjabi criticizes the Celebrities on Bigg Boss 10!|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|date=23 October 2016|access-date=29 October 2015}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''2'''
| align=center|[[Karan Wahi]] and [[Bharti Singh]]
| To promote their show ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao|Comedy Nights Bachao Taaza]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bharti-singh-karan-wahi-salman-khan-bigg-boss-10-3729687/|title=Bigg Boss 10 October 30th episode preview: Bharti Singh, Karan Wahi grill contestants with Salman Khan|publisher= [[The Indian Express]]|date= 31 October 2016 |access-date= 1 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-episode-14-30-october-2016-akanksha-gets-eliminated-salman-schools-contestants-3081268.html|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 14 30 October 2016: Akanksha gets eliminated; Salman schools contestants|publisher= [[Firstpost]]|date= 30 October 2016 |access-date= 1 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Bharti-Singh-and-Karan-Wahi-all-set-to-grill-the-contestants/articleshow/55139032.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Bharti Singh and Karan Wahi all set to grill the contestants|work= [[The Times of India]]|date= 30 October 2016 |access-date= 1 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''3'''
| align=center|[[Farhan Akhtar]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]]
| To promote their film ''[[Rock On 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-November-5-episode-20-update-Rock-On-2-star-cast-visits-the-house/Bigg-Boss-10-November-5-episode-20-update-Rock-On-2-star-cast-visits-the-house/photostory/55265701.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 November 5, episode 20 update: Rock On 2 star cast visits the house|work= [[The Times of India]]|date= 5 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-rock-2-weekend-ka-vaar-3740259/|title=Bigg Boss 10 November 6 preview: Team Rock On 2 has fun on Weekend Ka Vaar with Salman Khan|publisher= [[The Indian Express]]|date= 7 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spotboye.com/television/television-news/bigg-boss-10-day-20-rock-on-2-cast-farhan-and-shraddha-do-a-head-bang-with-swami-omiji/581dd4eb7a2abd2e20d19ac9|title=Bigg Boss 10, Day 20: Rock On!! 2 Cast Farhan And Shraddha Do A Head Bang With Swami Omiji|publisher= Spotboye|date= 5 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-5th-november-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 20 Weekend Ka Vaar|publisher= TellyUpdates|date= 5 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-6th-november-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 21 Weekend Ka Vaar|publisher= TellyUpdates|date= 6 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|'''4'''
| align=center|[[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Neha Sharma]], [[Aditya Seal]] and Aashim Gulati.
| To promote their film ''[[Tum Bin 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Tum-Bin-2-star-cast-give-housemates-a-pleasant-surprise/articleshow/55374258.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Tum Bin 2 star cast give housemates a pleasant surprise|work= [[The Times of India]]|date= 11 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/bigg-boss-10-11th-november-episode-26-preview-tum-bin-2s-neha-sharma-aditya-seal-ashim-gulati-ankit-tiwari-on-the-show-tonight-1641701/|title=Bigg Boss 10, 11th November Episode 26 Preview: Tum Bin 2's Neha Sharma, Aditya Seal, Aashim Gulati & Ankit Tiwari on the show tonight|publisher= [[India.com]]|date= 11 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-look-who-all-entered-the-bigg-boss-10-house-2272426|title=Look who all entered the Bigg Boss 10 house!|work= [[Daily News and Analysis]]|date= 11 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/366138/bigg-boss-10-tum-bin-2-team-have-fun-filled-morning-contestants|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112144453/http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/366138/bigg-boss-10-tum-bin-2-team-have-fun-filled-morning-contestants|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2016|title=Bigg Boss 10: Tum Bin 2 team have a fun-filled morning with the contestants|publisher=PinkVilla|date=11 November 2016|access-date=12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-11th-november-2016-written-episode-update|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 26|publisher= TellyUpdates|date= 12 November 2016 |access-date= 12 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align=center | [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| To promote his album ''[[Aap Se Mausiiquii]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/salman-khan-sings-aap-se-mausiiquii-along-with-himesh-reshammiya-on-bigg-boss/articleshow/55394226.cms|title=Salman Khan sings 'Aap Se Mausiiquii' along with Himesh Reshammiya on Bigg Boss|work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 13 November 2016 |access-date= 13 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align=center | [[Tanishaa Mukerji]] and [[VJ Andy]]
| To appreciate and motivate the contestants as ex-contestants of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss 7]]''.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|'''5'''
| align=center | [[Mouni Roy]] and [[Anubhav Sinha]]
| To promote their film ''[[Tum Bin 2]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Mouni-Roy-to-sizzle-the-stage-with-Salman-Khan-on-the-show/articleshow/55508838.cms |title=Mouni Roy Sizzles in Bigg Boss 10: Mouni Roy to sizzle the stage with Salman Khan on the show |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= 20 November 2016|accessdate=2022-08-17}}</ref>
|-
|align=center | [[Alia Bhatt]]
|To promote her film ''[[Dear Zindagi]]''.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''6'''
|align=center | [[Sunny Leone]]
|To do a special nomination task and celebrate her 5 years of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 5|Bigg Boss]]''.
|-
|align=center | [[Gautam Gulati]] and [[Mandana Karimi]]
| To appreciate and motivate the contestants as ex-contestants of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]'' and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss 9]]'' respectively.
|-
|align=center | [[Vidya Balan]]
|To Promote her film Kahaani 2
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''7'''
|align=center | [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Vaani Kapoor]]
|To Promote their film [[Befikre]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''8'''
|align=center | [[Karishma Tanna]] and [[Dibang]]
|To discuss their point of views on the game
|-
|align=center | [[Hina Khan (actress)|Hina Khan]]
|To support [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan Mehra]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''9'''
|align=center | [[Rubina Dilaik]] (Soumya), [[Mouni Roy]] (Shivanya/Shivangi), [[Adaa Khan]] (Shesha), [[Karanvir Bohra]] (Rocky), [[Vijayendra Kumeria]] (Suraj) and [[Meera Deosthale]] (Chakor)
|Came as guest from Colors family from shows ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'', ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'', ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''.
|-
|align=center | [[Prachi Shah]] (Sharada), [[Ankitta Sharma]] (Naina) & [[Sangeita Chauhan]] (Meghna)
|To promote their new show ''[[Ek Shringaar-Swabhiman]]''
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|'''10'''
|align=center | Alexander Meuis and Jermaine Meuis
|To meet their mother Priyanka in the Family App Task.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-bigg-boss-10-priyanka-jagga-kids-monalisa-s-bf-362068|title = Bigg Boss 10: Tonight Priyanka Jagga's kids, Monalisa's BF to enter in house; emotions overflow|date = 22 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="Analysis">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-priyanka-jagga-breaks-down-inside-the-house-2285508|title = Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka Jagga BREAKS DOWN inside the house!|date = 22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-priyankas-kids-alex-and-jermaine-bring-peace-in-the-house/articleshow/56123989.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka's kids Alex and Jermaine bring peace in the house - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-episode-68-22nd-december-2016-priyanka-lopa-have-a-showdown-loved-ones-visit-3169946.html|title = Bigg Boss 10, Episode 68, 22nd December, 2016: Priyanka-Lopa fight, Mona's fiancé visits|date = 23 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|align=center | Raghav Chopra
| To meet his brother Gaurav in the Family App Task.<ref name="Analysis" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bigg-boss-10-22nd-december-2016-episode-68-highlights-priyanka-jagga-and-lopamudra-raut-call-each-other-a-prostitute-and-all-hell-breaks-loose/ | title=Bigg Boss 10 22nd December 2016 Episode 68 highlights: Priyanka Jagga and Lopamudra Raut call each other a PROSTITUTE and all hell breaks loose | date=23 December 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|align=center | Vikrant Singh Rajpoot
|To meet his girlfriend Mona in The Family App Task.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-mona-lisa-meets-boyfriend-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-courtesy-manu-and-swami-om-2285475|title = Bigg Boss 10: Mona Lisa meets boyfriend Vikrant Singh Rajpoot, courtesy Manu and Swami Om!|date = 22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-monalisas-boyfriend-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-enters-the-house-confronts-manu-punjabi-467838|title = BIGG BOSS 10: Monalisa's boyfriend VIKRANT SINGH RAJPOOT enters the house; CONFRONTS Manu Punjabi|date = 22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessofcinema.com/editors-picks/exclusive-bigg-boss-10-heres-happened-monalisas-boyfriend-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-entered-inside-house/373994|title=Bigg Boss 10: Here's What Happened when Monalisa's Boyfriend Vikrant Singh Rajpoot Entered the House!|date=22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-mona-lisas-boyfriend-vikrant-singh-rajput-enters-the-house-confronts-manu-punjabi/articleshow/56121031 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bigg-boss-10-mona-lisas-boyfriend-vikrant-singh-rajpoot-entered-the-house-and-all-hell-breaks-loose/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Mona Lisa's boyfriend Vikrant Singh Rajpoot entered the house and all hell breaks loose|date=22 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|align=center | Siddharth Mehra
|To meet his brother Rohan in the Family App Task.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=19 March 2025|title=Bigg Boss 10: Rohan Mehra's girlfriend Kanchi Singh breaks silence, lashes out at Om Swami!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-s-girlfriend-kanchi-singh-breaks-silence-lashes-out-at-om-swami-2285526|website=www.dnaindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|align=center | Kumar Baisoya
|To meet his son Manveer in the Family App Task.
|-
|align=center | Mrs.Kaul
|To meet her daughter Nitibha in the Family App Task.
|-
|align=center | Gauhar Khan
|To meet her best friend Bani in The Family App Task.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=19 March 2025|title=Bigg Boss 10: Rohan Mehra's girlfriend Kanchi Singh breaks silence, lashes out at Om Swami!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-23rd-december-2016-bani-j-get-to-meet-gauahar-khan-2285526|website=www.dnaindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|align=center | Bhagyashree Raut
|To meet her sister Lopamudra in The Family App Task.
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|'''11'''
|align=center | [[Diandra Soares]] and [[Aamir Ali]]
|To discuss their point of views on the game
|-
| align=Center | [[Salman Yusuff Khan]], [[Shantanu Maheshwari]], [[Karishma Tanna]], [[Teriya Magar]] and Preetjot Singh
|To celebrate New Year as the contestants from [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9]]
|-
| align=center | [[Ravi Kishan]], [[Vindu Dara Singh]] and Lokesh Kumari Sharma
| To celebrate New Year, appreciate and motivate the contestants as ex-contestants of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 1|Bigg Boss 1]], [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 2|Bigg Boss 2]] and Bigg Boss 10 respectively
|-
| align=center | [[Bharti Singh]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Sudesh Lehri]], [[Anita Hassanandani]], [[Mubeen Saudagar]] and Balraj Sayal
|To celebrate New Year as the comedians from [[Comedy Nights Bachao|Comedy Nights Bachao Taaza]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''12'''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]]
|To promote their film [[Ok Jaanu]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''13'''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]
|To promote his film [[Aa Gaya Hero]]
|-
| rowspan="6" align="center" |'''14'''
| [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Sana Khan]] and [[Gurmeet Choudhary]]
| To promote film [[Wajah Tum Ho]].
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Vikrant Singh Rajpoot
| To marry Monalisa.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Dinesh Lal Yadav]], [[Ravi Kishan]], Amrapali, Vikrant's sister and Monalisa's mother
|Guests in Monalisa and Vikrant's Wedding
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], [[Ganesh Hegde]], [[Karan Johar]], [[Farah Khan]] and [[Manish Paul|Maniesh Paul]]
|As the judges and host and to declare the winner of the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Salman Yusuff Khan]], [[Shantanu Maheshwari]] and [[Teriya Magar]] with their respective choreo partner
| As the Finalist of [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Sunny Leone]]
| To promote their Film [[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|'''15'''
| [[Mandana Karimi]], Nitibha Kaul, Navin Prakash, [[Rishabh Sinha]] and Lokesh Kumari
| As guest in task BB Mela.
|-
| [[Farah Khan]]
| Handler of the task Celebrities vs Indiawale.
|-
| [[Puneet Issar]] and [[Malishka RJ|Malishka Mendonsa]]
| As the panelists and supporters of Celebrities [[Bani J|Bani]] and [[Lopamudra Raut|Lopamudra]] in task Celebrities vs Indiawale.
|-
| [[Ravi Dubey]] and Shweta Singh
| As the panelists and supporters of Indiawale Manveer and Manu in task Celebrities vs Indiawale.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Finale'''
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Yami Gautam]] and [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| To promote their Film [[Kaabil]]
|}

== Weekly summary ==
The main events in the house are summarised in the table below. A typical week begins with nominations, followed by the luxury budget task, punishment than a task for immunity or anything else and then the eviction of a housemate during the Sunday or Saturday episode called as "Weekend Ka Vaar". Evictions, tasks, and other notable events for a particular week are noted in order of sequence.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:20px;"
|-
! rowspan=8 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 1
| align=center|'''Entrances and Nominations'''||
* On Day 1, Swami Om,<ref name="Swami Om in Bigg Boss 103">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BiggBoss/status/787681381333606400/photo/1|title=Swami Om in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=Bigg Boss 10|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> [[Lopamudra Raut|Lopamudra]],<ref name="Lopamudra Raut in Bigg Boss 103">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BiggBoss/status/787682063394627584/photo/1|title=Lopamudra Raut in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=Bigg Boss 10|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Manveer,<ref name="Manveer Gurjar in Bigg Boss 103">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ColorsTV/status/787685099902935040/photo/1|title=Manveer Gurjar in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Nitibha, [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan]],<ref name="Rohan Mehra in Bigg Boss 103">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ColorsTV/status/787688277721489408/photo/1|title=Rohan Mehra in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> [[Gurbani Judge|Bani]], Lokesh,<ref name="Colors TV3">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BiggBoss/status/787692490677555200/photo/1|title=VJ Bani & Lokesh Kumari Sharma in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> [[Karan Mehra|Karan]], Akanksha,<ref name="Akanksha Sharma in Bigg Boss 103">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BiggBoss/status/787700409494179840/photo/1|title=Akanksha Sharma in Bigg Boss 10|date=16 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Manu, [[Gaurav Chopra|Gaurav]], Priyanka, [[Rahul Dev|Rahul]], Navin and [[Antara Biswas|Antara]] entered the house. Indiawale were made Maliks (''owners'') and Celebrities were their Sevaks (''servants'').<ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Premiere3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/1st-epi-bigg-boss-10-16th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Premiere|date=16 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Bigg Boss announced the rules and each housemate were called in the confession room for nomination. Indiawale had to nominate 2 Celebrities and the Celebrities were asked to nominate 2 Indiawale. Gaurav and Monalisa from the Celebrities and Priyanka and Manu from Indiawale were nominated for the elimination.<ref name="colorstv.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/guess-the-first-nomination-on-bigg-boss-10-4433.html|title=Guess the first nomination on Bigg Boss 10!|date=17 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=1 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="The Times of India3">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Day-1-pics-First-nominations-of-the-season/Bigg-Boss-10-Day-1-pics-First-nominations-of-the-season/photostory/54910901.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 1 pics: First nominations of the season|date=18 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 13">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-17th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 1|date=17 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks'''||
: '''Raaz'''
* On Day 2, Bigg Boss gave Celebrities a task to become the Malik of the house. They had to guess maximum secret out of 8 to become Malik. On Day 2, Celebrities guessed only Akanksha's secret.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com3">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Day-2-Deep-dark-secrets-of-Indiawale-to-be-revealed/articleshow/54916557.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Day 2: Deep, dark secrets of Indiawale to be revealed|date=18 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 23">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-18th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 2|date=19 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
* On Day 3, Celebrities guessed only Swami Om's secret out of 4 guesses.<ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 3 Maha Episode3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-19th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 3 (Maha Episode)|date=19 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
* On Day 4, Bigg Boss gave Celebrities last 4 riddles to solve the secrets. But Celebrities couldn't guess any of these secrets and remained Indiawale's sevak.<ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 43">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-20th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 4|date=21 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result'''|| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Indiawale'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward'''||
* Common people remained owner of the house and Celebrities remained the same.
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments'''||
* On Day 4, Bigg Boss asked the Housemates to choose worst performer from each team. Celebrities chose Antara and Indiawale chose Swami Om.<ref name="ReferenceA3">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/om-swami-and-monalisa-land-up-in-jail-on-bigg-boss-10-4481.html|title=Om Swami and Monalisa land up in jail on Bigg Boss 10!|date=20 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Times of India3">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Who-will-be-the-first-Jailbirds-of-Bigg-Boss-10/articleshow/54933876.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Who will be the first Jailbirds?|date=20 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Daily News and Analysis3">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-who-will-be-the-first-jailbirds-of-bigg-boss-10-2265524|title=Who will be the first Jailbirds of Bigg Boss 10?|date=19 October 2016|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times3">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-om-swamiji-and-bhojpuri-actor-monalisa-are-in-jail/story-Pkr1AnhINlPPjlr86JaE8K.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Om Swamiji and Bhojpuri actor Monalisa are in jail|date=20 October 2016|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="tellyupdates.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-20th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 4|date=21 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks'''||
: '''The Riding Horse'''
* On Day 5, Indiawale broke the rule by cooking. For breaking the rule, Bigg Boss gave another chance to Celebrities to rule the house. They had to choose two housemates to ride the horse for whole day and the chosen housemate have to drink a jug of water when the toy horse neigh.<ref name="ReferenceB3">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/celebs-get-another-chance-to-become-maaliks-as-indiawale-break-rules-on-bigg-boss-10-4493.html|title=Celebs get another chance to become Maaliks as Indiawale break rules on Bigg Boss 10!|date=21 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="dnaindia.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-vj-bani-has-a-tiff-with-other-celebrities-will-commoners-win-the-task-again-2266259|title=Bigg Boss 10: VJ Bani has a tiff with other celebrities; will commoners win the task again?|date=21 October 2016|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 53">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-21st-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 5|date=21 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Episode-5-21st-October-2016-written-update-Sevaks-get-another-chance-to-turn-Malik/articleshow/54977946.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 5 21st October 2016 written update: Sevaks get another chance to turn Malik|date=21 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>
: '''Celebrities''': Bani and Gaurav
: '''Indiawale''': Priyanka and Navin
|-
| align=center|'''Result'''|| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Indiawale'''
|-
| align=center|'''Exit'''||
* On Day 7, Priyanka Jagga became the first housemate to evict from the house after facing the public vote.<ref name="ReferenceC3">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/shocking-priyanka-jagga-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-4529.html|title=Shocking! Priyanka Jagga evicted from Bigg Boss 10!|date=23 October 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=4 November 2016|archive-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027155431/http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/shocking-priyanka-jagga-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-4529.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TellyUpdates3">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-23rd-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 7; Weekend Ka Vaar|date=23 October 2016|publisher=TellyUpdates|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="news18.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-10-priyanka-jagga-is-first-contestant-to-get-eliminated-this-season-1304464.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Priyanka Jagga is the first contestant evicted|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Priyanka-Jagga-eliminated-from-the-show/articleshow/55017627.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 October 23 update: Priyanka Jagga first to be eliminated from the show|date=24 October 2016|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-priyanka-jagga-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-in-the-first-elimination-2266388|title=BREAKING: Priyanka Jagga evicted from Bigg Boss 10 in the first elimination|date=22 October 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=9 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 2
|-
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* On Day 8, The housemates were sitting in the Garden Area and Bigg Boss announced that the contestants have to splash a plate of foam on the faces of the ones who they want to nominate for eliminations. At the end Monalisa, Gaurav and Rohan from Celebrities and Akanksha, Nitibha, Manoj and Manveer from Indiawale were nominated for the evictions.<ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 8">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-24th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 8|publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 25 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/nominations-for-week-2-on-bigg-boss-10-4545.html |title= Nominations for Week 2 on Bigg Boss 10! |publisher= [[Colors TV]] |date= 25 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-second-week-7-contestants-nominated-here-s-the-full-list-2267125|title= 7 contestants nominated – here's the full list!|work= [[Daily News and Analysis]] |date= 24 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
:'''Bigg Boss Laundry'''
* Day 9 was the first day of this task. Indiawale were playing against the Celebrities. There was a running platform where Bigg Boss sent clothes for both team. Celebrities and Indiawale have to snatch the clothes from each other. They have to wash them, dry them and iron them to fulfill Bigg Boss's order. There was a quality inspector from each team. Rohan from Celebrities and Nitibha from Indiawale was selected quality inspector by Bigg Boss. If the quality inspector rejects the clothes than team will have to wash them again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Episode-9-25th-October-update-House-turns-BB-laundry-for-the-luxury-budget-task/articleshow/55048807.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 9, 25th October update: House turns BB laundry for the luxury budget task |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 25 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref> There were fights between Rohan and Navin and Rahul and Manu.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/competition-reaches-a-new-height-during-luxury-budget-task-on-bigg-boss-10-4543.html |title= Competition reaches a new height during luxury budget task on Bigg Boss 10! |publisher= [[Colors TV]] |date= 25 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the end of first day it was cancelled and the day wasted.<ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 9">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-25th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 9 |publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 25 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
* On Day 10 there were fights between Rohan and Indiawale team. Bigg Boss changed the rule and announced that whoever sent maximum approved clothes won the task. Navin fell water on Celebrities clothes. As a result, Celebrities can't send maximum approved clothes and loses the task.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-fights-fights-and-more-fights-in-the-house/story-OCeAeNyR0by410WaVA7bZI.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Fights, fights and more fights in the house |publisher= [[Hindustan Times]] |date= 26 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bigg Boss 10: Day 10">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-26th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 10 |publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 26 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Episode-10-synopsis-Luxury-Budget-task-BB-Laundry-brings-out-the-worst-side-of-the-contestants/photostory/55076053.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 10 synopsis: Luxury Budget task BB Laundry brings out the worst side of the contestants |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 26 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-navin-s-ferocious-avatar-and-all-highlights-of-day-10/story-RhmcSwz22BThyefiovdGfM.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Navin's ferocious avatar and all highlights of day 10 |publisher= [[Hindustan Times]] |date= 27 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Won – Indiawale'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
* Indiawale became Malik again and Celebrities remained their sevak.
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 11, when Bigg Boss asked the housemates for the weakest contestant from their respective team to send jail, Celebrities again choose Monalisa. On the other hand, Indiawale choose Swami Om again.<ref name="Jail and Immunity task">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-27th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 11|publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 27 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref> On Day 12, Bigg Boss released both of them from jail.<ref name="Jail free and Immunity task winner">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-28th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 12|publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 27 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''The Immunity Challenge'''

* On Day 11, Indiwale were enjoying the [[Jacuzzi]] and the [[Swimming pool]] while Bigg Boss announced a task for immunity in the coming nominations. Indiwale had to choose 2 contestants for this task. They choose Navin and Lokesh. They had to convince the housemates to give them their cards and they have to make the card stand until the Buzzer rang.<ref name="Jail and Immunity task"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/first-immunity-task-on-bigg-boss-10-4579.html|title=First immunity task on Bigg Boss 10|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|date=27 October 2016|access-date=5 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Episode-11-October-27-update-Lokesh-Navin-fight-it-out-in-an-immunity-task/articleshow/55092819.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 Episode 11, October 27 update: Lokesh, Navin fight it out in an immunity task|work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 27 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref> At the end of the task, Lopamudra announced that Navin has more card stand compare to Lokesh.<ref name="Jail free and Immunity task winner"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-lokesh-kumari-sharma-and-navin-prakash-lock-horns/story-ogmsORZiTGwOHZnbg2XF7I.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Lokesh Kumari Sharma and Navin Prakash lock horns|publisher= [[Hindustan Times]] |date= 28 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-navin-prakash-cheats-to-win-immunity-lokesh-kumari-now-in-danger-2268303|title=Bigg Boss 10: Navin Prakash cheats to win immunity, Lokesh Kumari now in danger|work= [[Daily News and Analysis]] |date= 28 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Immuned – Navin'''
|-
| align=center|'''Exits''' ||
* On Day 14, Akanksha Sharma was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-10-akansha-sharma-is-voted-out-of-the-show/story-HwnboRv1svnNbmj9qpGW3K.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Akansha Sharma is voted out of the show|publisher= [[Hindustan Times]]|date= 31 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-akanksha-sharma-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-this-week-2268476|title=BREAKING: Akanksha Sharma evicted from Bigg Boss 10 this week!|work= [[Daily News and Analysis]]|date= 29 October 2016 |access-date= 30 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-30th-october-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 14: Weeknd Ka Vaar|publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 30 October 2016 |access-date= 5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=8 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 3
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* On Day 15, Bigg Boss announced that nominations are being held. This time the contestants had to nominate two contestants from their own team. Bani, Lopamudra and Monalisa from the Celebrities and Manveer, Manu, Nitibha and Swami Om from Indiawale are nominated.<ref name="Bigg Boss 10 Day 15">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-31st-october-2016-written-update-swami-om-cries-in-confession-room-after-manveer-manu-abuse-him-3731422/|title=Bigg Boss 10 Day 15|publisher= [[The Indian Express]]|date= 1 November 2016 |access-date= 3 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
: '''Raja Aur Rank'''
* On Day 16, Bigg Boss announced the luxury budget task for the week. In it Indiawale became a [[royal family]], where Swami Om was the [[Monarch|King]], Manveer as King's son, Nitibha as Manveer's wife, Lokesh as [[princess]], King's daughter and Navin as Lokesh's husband and Manu played the role of a cunning brother-in-law of the King. Whereas, Celebrities became the royal staff of the royal family, where Rohan as royal entertainer, Karan and Lopamudra as royal cooks, Gaurav as royal advisor, Bani as King's royal bodyguard and Rahul and Antara as royal servants. Celebrities were given a secret task in which they had to create some situations given by Bigg Boss. They were also given a [[digital camera]] and they had to hide the camera and this secret task from the opponents.
* On Day 17, 2nd day of the task. Swami Om was given a royal bath of milk also in the [[Jacuzzi]] and the [[Swimming pool|Swimming Pool]]. While Celebrities were busy with the secret task the Indiawale were taking their role too seriously and didn't noticed about the secret task. By doing maximum of the secret tasks Celebrities gain the authority of the house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/news/raja-aur-rank-new-task-on-bigg-boss-10-4625.html|title='Raja aur Rank' : New Task on Bigg Boss 10!|date=1 November 2016|publisher=[[Colors TV]]|access-date=3 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Won – Celebrities'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
* Celebrities became the Malik and Indiawale became their Sevak.
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 17, Bigg Boss asked the housemates for the weakest contestant from their respective team to send jail. Celebrities and Indiawale chose Karan and Nitibha respectively as their weakest members in the task.<ref name="Bigg Boss 18">{{cite web|url=http://www.tellyupdates.com/bigg-boss-10-3rd-november-2016-written-episode-update/|title=Bigg Boss 18|publisher= TellyUpdates |date= 3 November 2016 |access-date= 4 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fatook.com/bigg-boss-10-9th-december-2016-day-55-will-happen-tonights-episode.html|title=Bigg Boss 10: Day 14: Weeknd Ka Vaar|publisher=TellyUpdates|date=30 October 2016|access-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212035748/http://www.fatook.com/bigg-boss-10-9th-december-2016-day-55-will-happen-tonights-episode.html|archive-date=12 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''The Immunity Challenge'''
* Bigg Boss called Lopamudra to the confession room and told her about the immunity challenge. Celebrities chose Lopamudra, Bani and Monalisa for this task. Navin was handler of the task. In the task, there was a long skateboard where they have to stand. Monalisa was the first to quit the task. After some time when Bigg Boss asked Navin declared Lopamudra as the winner.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Immuned – Lopamudra'''
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 21, Swami Om was evicted from the house after facing the public vote. Shortly after his eviction he was sent to the secret room and was kept there for three days before returning to the house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-om-swami-evicted-from-the-house-441600|title=Bigg Boss 10: Om Swami EVICTED from the house!|date=6 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="9" style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 4
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Entrance''' ||
* On Day 24, Swami Om re-entered the Bigg Boss house after staying in the secret room for three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-swami-om-is-back-in-the-house-443301|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Swami Om is BACK in the house|date=9 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Nominations''' ||
: '''Telephone Task'''
* Bigg Boss set a telephone on a chair in garden area. Whoever picked up the telephone would be nominated. To save from nomination they had to do task by other housemate. At first, Bani picked up the telephone. Bigg Boss gave her a task where Gaurav had to bleach his eyebrows, which he successfully did. Then Bani nominated Rohan for nomination. Bigg Boss gave him a task where Karan had to shred [[Nisha Rawal]]'s picture, which he successfully did. Then Rohan nominated Antara. She got a task where Manoj had to cut his doll into pieces, he also successfully did the task. Then Antara nominated Nitibha. Bigg Boss gave Nitibha two choices: She can use her immunity by using the Immunity Medallion or she can play the task, Nitibha chose first choice. Then Nitibha nominated Gaurav. He got a task where Bani had to put down her jacket (that [[Gauahar Khan]] gave) into a paint bucket, she also completed the task. Then Gaurav nominated Manu. He got a task where Manveer had to shave his beard, this task was also successfully done. Next up, Manu nominated Manveer. Bigg Boss gave him a task where Rohan had to wear a gown and a makeup like a woman, Rohan refused to do it. Manveer nominated Rahul. He got a task where Navin had to announce that he will never participate in the immunity task, which he also refused to do. Then Rahul nominated Karan. Bigg Boss gave him a task where Lokesh had to nominate herself for the following week, she did the task successfully. Then Karan nominated Navin. He got a task where Nitibha had to give her makeup box to Bigg Boss for the entire season, which she refused to do.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
: '''Siyasat'''
* On Day 25, Bigg Boss announced that first three housemates who will come to the confession room and register their name will be the contenders of the house captain. Bani, Swami Om and Manu was the first three housemates who came to the confession room. Thus make them the contenders for the respective post. Then Bigg Boss announced a task where three contenders will have three political team. At the end of the task, which team has maximum supporters will win the task. At the end of the task, Bani had 6, Manu had 4 and Swami Om had no one on their support.
|- style="text-align:center;"
||'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Bani'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Reward''' ||
* Bani became the first captain of the house.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 26, When Bigg Boss asked to Bani that which two housemates she wants to send in jail, Bani told that she wants Manoj and Swami Om as prisoners.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Other Tasks''' ||
: '''The Immunity Medallion'''
* On Day 21, Bigg Boss gave all housemates a chance to save themselves from the nominations. In the activity area, Bigg Boss created a stage for the auction in order to gain the Immunity Medallion and announced the rule that if more than one housemates bids for with the same amount then their bid will be cancelled. Then second highest bidder will be the winner. Bigg Boss also announced that this bidding money will be cut off from the winning prize money. After the bidding, Navin, Rahul and Rohan were the highest bidder with the same amount of ₹24,99,998. For this, the second highest bidder Nitibha won the Immunity Medallion by bidding ₹24,99,994. Now she can use this Immunity Medallion for two weeks wherever she wants in this season.
|- style="text-align:center;"
||'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Immuned – Nitibha'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 28, Navin was the third housemate to evict from the house after facing the public vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/shocking-navin-prakash-out-of-bigg-boss-10-444254|title=SHOCKING! Navin Prakash OUT of BIGG BOSS 10|date=11 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=8 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 5
|-
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* On Day 29, Bigg Boss asked the housemates to give names of 4 contestants by mutual consent whom they thought were boring for the public. Housemates chose Karan, Lokesh, Antara and Rahul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-14th-november-2016-written-update-lokesh-rahul-dev-mona-lisa-and-karan-mehra-get-nominated-this-week-4375804/|title=Bigg Boss 10, 14th November 2016 written update: Lokesh, Rahul Dev, Mona Lisa and Karan Mehra get nominated this week|date=14 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Task''' ||
: '''Lock Down'''
* On Day 30, Bigg Boss introduced the luxury budget task where the housemates need to survive without their basic utilities. Bigg Boss kept their clothes and other essentials in containers placed in the living area. Whenever the gong bell rings, two members of each team got a chance to bring maximum of 4 essentials at a time from the containers. But for whatever essential they picked up, one point was added to their scoreboard. At the end of the task, whoever got maximum points will lose the task. Bigg Boss divided the housemates in two teams. Teams are:
: '''Team Rohan''': Bani, Karan, Lokesh, Lopamudra, Rahul and Rohan.
: '''Team Antara''': Gaurav, Manoj, Manveer, Antara, Nitibha and Swami Om.
* Bigg Boss gave some mini task where teams had a chance to reduce their points by winning it. Firstly Bigg Boss introduced a task where the challengers from each team need to finish an entire bowl of [[Rasgulla]] where 25 rasgullas were there, winner will be able to reduce 12 points from their scoreboard. This task was played by:
: '''Team Rohan''': Rahul
: '''Team Monalisa''': Manoj
: This task was cancelled by Bigg Boss as both captain was not agree to announce the same winner.
* Later Bigg Boss gave another task where the challengers from each team need to finish an entire jug of [[bitter melon]] juice. winner will be able to take out six essentials from the container. This task was played by:
: '''Team Rohan''': Lopamudra
: '''Team Monalisa : Gaurav'''
: This task was won by Team Rohan as Lopamudra finished the [[bitter melon]] juice first.
* On Day 31, Bigg Boss announced that the task time is over. As Team Monalisa was leading with much points, so Team Rohan won the task.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Team Rohan'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
* Bigg Boss introduced the first competition, monitored by Nitibha. Where Karan and Lopamudra both had to balance a flower pot on opposite side of a see-saw using one leg and ensuring that see-saw is resting in a straight line. They one who keep balance until end will be winner. At the end of the task, Lopamudra won the task as Karan loose balance and pot falls from see-saw.
* Bigg Boss introduced the second competition, where Rahul and Rohan participated. In this task, both challengers had to get wrapped in a sheet of plastic paper, covering them from their shoulder until their knees. Once wrapped, They had to participate in race where they need to cross the finish line by jumping or crawling. The first person to cross the finish line and be standing on their feet will be the winner. At the end of the task, Rohan finally stands up on finish line before Rahul and won task.
* Bigg Boss told the housemates that they had to choose a captain from Lopamudra and Rohan. As Nitibha and Swami Om were the worst performers so they couldn't cast their vote as individual, they both had to vote a person. After voting, Rohan got 5 votes and Lopamudra got 4 votes. Thus make Rohan the second captain of the house.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Rohan'''
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 31, When Bigg Boss asked to housemates which two housemates were worst in the task, they told that Nitibha and Swami Om was the worst by mutual consent. They couldn't take the dinner given by Bigg Boss. On Day 32, they couldn't cast their vote as individual for the captaincy task. However, Bigg Boss allowed a mutual vote from them but their vote would only count as of one person.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* '''Double Eviction''' On Day 34, [[Karan Mehra|Karan]] was evicted from the house by the public vote.
* On Day 35, Lokesh was evicted from the house by the public vote.
|-
! rowspan="8" style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 6
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Entrances''' ||
* On Day 42, there were 4 new wildcard entries in the house. Former housemate Priyanka Jagga re-entered the house with [[Sahil Anand]], [[Jason Shah]] and [[Elena Kazan]].
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Nominations''' ||
: '''Viral Video Fever'''
* On Day 36, Bigg Boss introduced a task where housemates had to create a 3 minutes entertaining, sensational video matching the set up provided by Bigg Boss. These videos was judged by [[Sunny Leone]]. She was giving thumbs up for liking video and thumbs down for not liking video. At the end of the task, which team got more likes will be declared as the winner and they will be save from the nomination. On the other hand, the opposite team will be nominate for the week. In the task, the housemates were divided into two teams. Teams were the following:
: '''Team Lopamudra''': Lopamudra, Manu, Antara, Rohan and Swami Om.
: '''Team Bani''': Bani, Gaurav, Manveer, Nitibha and Rahul.
* At the end, Team Lopamudra won the task by 3–2. So all the members of Team Lopamudra were immuned for the following week's nomination and all the members of Team Bani were nominated.
|- style="text-align:center;"
||'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Team Lopamudra'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
: '''BB Gold Mine'''
* Bigg Boss introduced a gold mining task that was in the garden area. The task involved digging out gold and Bigg Boss announced that if Rohan inherits most of the gold he will be allowed to extend his captaincy for the following week.
* Shortly after announcing the task Bigg Boss called Lopamudra to the Confession Room where she was assigned a secret task. The task was that if Lopamudra and Manu successfully could get 50% of the gold that Rohan had, then Rohan would be removed from his captaincy and they would become the candidates for the position.
* At the end of the task, Bigg Boss announced that Lopamudra and Manoj had failed in their secret task. Hence, making Rohan's captainship extended for one more week.
|- style="text-align:center;"
||'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Rohan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Reward''' ||
* Rohan got the opportunity to remain captain for one more week.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Punishments''' ||
* Bigg Boss gave a task to the captain Rohan to choose the four worst performers in the task. Rohan choose Lopamudra, Antara, Nitibha and Swami Om. Then Bigg Boss gave them a punishment task named Rohan Ki Kathputliyan. In this task Rohan had to choose which punishment he wanted to give to his selected worst performers. Rohan decided to give the 1st punishment to Swami Om, where he had to eat 2 plates of [[butter]]. Rohan also gave the 2nd punishment to Swami Om, where Swami Om had to remain on stretcher until Bigg Boss's next order. Rohan gave the 3rd punishment for Nitibha to go in the jail.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Exit''' ||
* There was no eviction this week as voting lines were closed for the following week.
|-
! rowspan="9" style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 7
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Nominations''' ||
'''The Dome'''
* Bigg Boss announced a new nomination task called the Dome. The challengers or the four new wildcard contestants were instructed to pick one other contestant who is not a wild card. The task involved for the challenger and the other housemate to stay in the dome as long as possible, the first person to leave the dome would be nominated from each pair. Bigg Boss also stated that you can annoy the other person that is in your dome. The pairs were the following
* Gaurav and Jason
* Bani and Priyanka
* Nithiba and Elena
* Rahul and Sahil
* The first contestant to leave his/her dome was Rahul Dev who had to leave because he had to use the restroom, hence making him nominated and making Sahil safe. The second contestant to leave his/her dome was Elena Kazan hence making Nitibha safe. The third contestant who exited his/her dome was Jason Shah who also had to use the restroom making him nominated and saving Gaurav Chopra. That left Priyanka and Bani who stayed until 3:30 AM, had ended the task by Bani saving Priyanka by exiting the dome first. They decided to keep it secret until Bigg Boss announced the nominated houseguests.
* The nominated houseguests are: Rahul, Elena, Jason and Bani
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Result''' ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
'''Captaincy Gayi Pani Mein'''
* After Rohan's ejection from his captaincy Bigg Boss announced that all the remaining houseguests except for the nominated would be a part of this task, Priyanka was the moderator of the taskBigg Boss said she would automatically become a candidate for Captain if she successfully completes her responsibilities. Each houseguest had a test tube that was dedicated to a person, when Bigg Boss played a gong which would happen seven times. Someone would need to empty their test tube in the bowl. After this task was concluded Bigg Boss said the last two remaining would become the nominees for captainship. Priyanka failed to become a nominee. The final two were Manveer and Gaurav.
* After Bigg Boss created a canvas and to win Captainship Manveer (yellow) and Gaurav (blue) would have to paint the canvas with their respective paints for two hours after Bigg Boss announced the time was up, Lopamudra Raut was the moderator of this competition. After painting Manveer slipped and fell, and injured himself by cutting his head. Bigg Boss paused the test and sent a medic to the confession room where Manveer was healed. After coming out Bigg Boss told Lopamudra that the task had concluded because the medic said that Manveer could not continue. Since Blue and Yellow make Green Lopamudra saw blue more than green and she said that Gaurav had won the task.
|- style="text-align:center;"
||'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;" |'''Won – Gaurav'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 44 Bigg Boss announced that Rohan would be ejected from his captaincy due to not fulfilling the responsibilities. He was also punished with the fact that he could never become a captain for the rest of the season.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 49, [[Elena Kazan|Elena]] was the 6th Housemate to be evicted after facing public vote.
|-
! rowspan=10 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 8
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* Housemates had to decide on who they want to nominate out of the wild cards Priyanka, Jason, Sahil. Everyone took Priyanka's name.
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
: '''BB Taxi Stand'''
* Manveer and Bani have are taxi drivers while Priyanka is the traffic police women. Bani and Manveer both have to take the inmates for a ride and then they can give money to them. Priyanka will be the strict traffic police women and cane the housemates if they break any rules. The inmate with the most money will have a chance to participate in the captaincy round.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Priyanka'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||'''Appy Fizz Feel the Fizz'''
* Gaurav and Priyanka have to select 4 supporters each to keep them raised up in the air as high while they are tied to a harness. The one who hold for the most longest becomes the captain for next week.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Priyanka'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* Gaurav was given a chance to punish two housemates whose hard work was less in the BB Taxi Stand task. He chose Swami Om and Lopamudra.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 56, [[Sahil Anand|Sahil]] was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-breaking-sahil-anand-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-2281491|title=Bigg Boss 10 eliminations: Sahil Anand EVICTED!|date=10 December 2016|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>
* On Day 56, Priyanka was said to be evicted from the house but was sent to the secret room.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
! rowspan=10 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 9
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* Bigg Boss asks each contestant to wear a belt with a balloon attached to it. During the task, five buzzers will ring and after every buzzer, one contestant is required to nominate another contestant by bursting his/her balloon supported by a justified reason. Om Swami is made the sanchalak(referee) of the task. As a result, Bani, Lopamudra, Manveer, Nitibha and Rahul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/bigg-boss-10-december-12-written-update-lopa-rahul-rohan-manveer-nitibha-nominated-1637222|title=Bigg Boss 10, December 12, Written Update: Lopa, Rahul, Manveer, Nitibha Nominated|date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-these-5-contestants-get-nominated-this-week-462286|title=BIGG BOSS 10: These 5 contestants get NOMINATED this week|date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
: '''BB Democracy'''
* Bigg Boss introduces a luxury budget task – BB Democracy which will have an effect on the subsequent captaincy task. Based on situations given by Bigg Boss, the contestants will need to take decisions by selecting options from a voting panel. With just a minute to vote, the contestants will not be allowed to discuss their choices. Adding a twist to the task, the final decision will rest in Priyanka and Manu's which inmates don't know, inmate would think that they took that decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-New-luxury-budget-task-BB-democracy/articleshow/55962365.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: New luxury budget task – BB democracy|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Bani, Lopamudra and Manveer'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
* The captaincy task is introduced wherein the three contenders Bani, Lopamudra, and Manveer are required to hold a ring for a considerable amount of time. A ring would be given to all the three contestants, which they have to hold for the longest time. Anyone who will let go of the ring will get eliminated from the task. The one who survives until the end will become the captain of the house. Other inmates can show support to their favorite contestant, Antara will be referee of task.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-december-15-episode-60-update-lopamudra-is-the-new-captain-of-the-house-defeats-bani-and-manveer-in-the-captaincy-task/photostory/56005260.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 December 15, episode 60 update: Lopamudra is the new captain of the house; defeats Bani and Manveer in the captaincy task|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Lopamudra'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
* Bigg Boss gives Priyanka, Om Swami, Bani, Gaurav, and Nitibha a chance to turn their punishment into a reward. Five chosen housemates are asked to stand in the garden area in front of 5 cylinders and grab a gift that pops out of it following a blast. If they become successful in grabbing the gift, they get an exemption from the punishment and also the gift that they are entitled to. by grabbing gift boxes that will pop out of a cylinder following a blast. All five contestants are asked to stand in front of 5 different cylinders and wait for their turn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-december-16-episode-61-update-bani-refuses-to-accept-jail-punishment-with-om-swami/photostory/56023832.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 December 16, episode 61 update: Bani refuses to accept jail punishment with Om Swami|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Lopamudra'''
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
* Bigg Boss asks Lopamudra to choose any five contestants who she wants to punish supported by a valid reason. She nominates Swami Om, Priyanka, Gaurav, Bani and Nitibha.
* Bigg Boss asks Lopamudra to nominate two contestants she wants to put in jail and one has to follow her around the house with a placard saying "I am sorry Lopa". She chose Priyanka and Swami Om to go to jail and Bani to follow her with placard,
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 63, [[Rahul Dev|Rahul]] was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-omg-rahul-dev-gets-eliminated-465316|title=BIGG BOSS 10: OMG! Rahul Dev gets ELIMINATED|date=17 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=10 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 10
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
* Bigg Boss asks the housemates to gather in the living area for the week's nominations process. Swami is safe as he got immunity. Lopa, being the captain of the house is safe from nominations, gets a special power to nominate one contestant directly and she chooses Bani. Every housemate had to nominate 2 housemates. As a result, Bani, Gaurav and Antara get nominated for this week's eviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-season-10-bani-monalisa-gaurav-nominated-for-eviction_1960003.html|title=Bigg Boss, Season 10: Bani, Monalisa, Gaurav nominated for eviction|date=20 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
: '''BB Hostel'''
* Bigg Boss announces the luxury budget task for the week- BB hostel. For the task, the house is divided into two halves- the living area, bedroom and kitchen area is the girl's hostel where all the ladies of the house have to reside. On the other hand, the garden area is a gurukul style boys hostel where all the men have to be stationed. Priyanka and Swami Om are given the responsibility to be the khadus (strict) wardens of the girls and boys hostel respectively. The contestants have to play in pairs as boyfriends and girlfriends and exchange love letter by tricking their respective wardens. Pairs are Gaurav-Bani, Rohan-Lopamudra, Nitibha-Manveer, Manu-Antara. The winning jodi will become the contender for captaincy. If pairs are not able to exchange at least 20letters then Swami and Priyanka will win task and will become contender for captaincy, and if pairs are able to exchange more than 20 letters then the pair which have exchanged most letters will become contender for captaincy. Restroom area will be common part of house.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Housemates were unsuccessful due to the behaviour of Swami and Priyanka'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-20th-december-2016-written-update-bigg-boss-forced-to-end-task-as-swami-om-priyanka-jagga-cross-all-limits-4438076/|title=Bigg Boss 10, 20th December 2016 written update: Bigg Boss forced to end task as Swami Om, Priyanka Jagga cross all limits|date=21 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' || {{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''UC browser'''
*Bigg Boss introduces UC browser task wherein 3 trending contestants Antara, Manveer and Rohan get to see three controversial clips about them in the UC Browser booth.
:'''Bani and Gaurav's date'''
*Bigg Boss had set up a date for Bani and Gaurav.
:'''Family App Task'''
*Bigg Boss announces the ‘Family App task’ wherein they can reunite with their near and dear ones. As per the task, a battery will be placed in the living area and charged up to 100%. Bigg Boss will call the contestants individually in the activity area and give them four options to choose from and meet their family members. Options entail meeting in person for 2 minutes, meeting in person for 10 minutes, phone call, written message. Every time a contestant chooses an option, the battery will decrease by a certain percentage. Manu and Om Swami are made to be the batteries and they have to make sure that the app's battery never drains out, the battery can decrease if rules are broken, and if the battery gets low then the task will end. Manu and Swami Om will be given chances to charge the battery as well.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* There was no eviction this week as voting lines were closed for the following week.
* On Day 69, Priyanka was ejected from the house on Day 70 after her bad behaviour towards Salman Khan.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-salman-khan-throws-priyanka-jagga-out-of-the-house/articleshow/56150804.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Salman Khan throws Priyanka Jagga out of the house|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=10 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 11
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
*As there was no eviction last week. Bani, Gaurav and Monalisa are nominated this week as well.
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
: '''Toofan'''
* Bigg Boss introduces the new luxury budget task ‘Toofan’(storm) which will also impact captaincy. The house is turned into a snow clad region with a huge igloo placed in the garden area. The housemates are required to dress up as Kashmiris in Phiran and build or repair the igloo with the help of the equipment provided. Time and again, a snow storm will hit the house when the contestants are required to take shelter in the igloo and the last contestant to enter will be disqualified from the task and captaincy. They have to repaint igloo too, there will be total 7storms, nobody can enter igloo before storm. The contestants who are last to remaining in igloo will be contender for next captaincy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-27th-december-2016-written-update-swami-om-makes-toofan-task-tough-for-contestants-4448000/|title=Bigg Boss 10, 27th December 2016 written update: Swami Om is the real toofan during the captaincy task|date=28 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Manveer and Rohan'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
* Bigg Boss announces the captaincy task wherein Manveer and Rohan compete to become the next captain of the house. A mud bed is placed in the garden area and Rohan and Manveer are allotted two different set of flowers – Rohan (purple) and Manveer (Pink). After the buzzer rings, Manveer and Rohan have to plant the flowers on the mud bed and cover it completely with their respective share of flowers. They are given two hours to complete the task and Bani is made the sanchalika(referee) of the task. Other inmates can try to make their friend win but only Manveer and Rohan can sow or pluck flowers. The one plants more flowers will become captain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2016/rohan-mehra-manveer-gujjar-fight-for-captaincy-in-bigg-boss-10-250423.html|title=Tough Competition! Rohan Mehra & Manveer Gujjar To Fight For Captaincy In Bigg Boss 10|date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10-december-28-episode-73-manveer-gurjar-is-the-new-captain-of-the-house/photostory/56223629.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 December 28, episode 73: Manveer Gurjar is the new captain of the house|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Manveer'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
: '''Bani and Gaurav's show'''
* Bigg Boss asked Nitibha to read this task to the housemates. Bigg Boss gives the housemates a golden opportunity to win back their luxury budget by being a part of a new task- Bani and Gaurav's show. According to the task, a volley of hard-hitting questions by audience will be thrown at Bani and Gaurav while they are in the confession room of which they have to give honest and satisfactory answers. While Gaurav and Bani are told that the questions will be coming from the live audience, if they are not honest then luxury budget will be affected.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/bigg-boss-10-december-26-bani-j-and-gaurav-chopra-have-to-answer-difficult-questions-tonight-1641994|title=Bigg Boss 10, December 26: Bani J And Gaurav Chopra Have To Answer Difficult Questions Tonight|newspaper=NDTV.com |date=28 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"| '''Failed – Bani and Gaurav'''
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
*Rohan was punished by getting nominated all season after he slapped Swami Om.
*Manveer, to choose two contestants whom he wants to lock inside the jail as punishment. He chooses Swami Om and Gaurav.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 77, [[Gaurav Chopra|Gaurav]] was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/gaurav-chopra-is-out-of-bigg-boss-10-brother-raghav-confirms-his-eviction-473469|title=Gaurav Chopra is OUT of BIGG BOSS 10; Brother Raghav confirms his EVICTION!|date=1 January 2017|access-date=30 November 2017|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911024157/https://www.abplive.in/television/gaurav-chopra-is-out-of-bigg-boss-10-brother-raghav-confirms-his-eviction-473469|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=10 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 12
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||Captain Manveer was safe from nominations. In this Nominations Bigg Boss paired up housemates and were called to the Confession Room. In which, they had to mutually decide which one of them to be nominated. If they don't come to a decision, both of them will get nominated. And they are not allowed to talk anything what happened in the Confession Room. These were the pairs:

* Bani and Swami Om (they didn't come to a decision hence both were nominated)
* Antara and Manu (they nominated Monalisa)
* Lopamudra and Nitibha (they didn't come to a decision hence both were nominated)
As a result, Rohan, Monalisa, Bani, Swami Om, Lopamudra and Nitibha were nominated for this week's eviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-2nd-january-2017-written-update-almost-entire-house-gets-nominated-for-evictions-this-week-4456273/|title=Bigg Boss 10, 2nd January 2017 written update: Almost entire house gets nominated for evictions this week|date=2 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
:'''Maalgaadi'''
*Bigg Boss announces the next luxury budget task, Maalgaadi (goods train). Bigg Boss says Rohan and Antara will act as the jailers in the Maalgaadi task while the rest of the housemates will be the prisoners. Rohan and Antara are required to continuously rotate the levers placed near the engine while the prisoners have to survive for a considerable amount of time inside the jail. After every siren, Rohan and Antara will get a chance to free one prisoner and deliver him or her to Bigg Boss. If they become successful in doing so, the amount attributed or bid to that particular contestant will be added to the overall winning amount. If the prisoners free themselves by their own will, they will become the contenders for this week's captaincy task but amount bid on him or her could not be added to the prize money. The frequency of the siren will directly be proportional to the speed of the train.
*Rohan and Antara are in confession room. Bigg boss says they can increase prize money to 50 lacs again by doing task. He asks them to attribute or bid a certain amount of money against the names of the rest of the housemates. Accrediting the least amount to Om Swami and Nitibha, the two bid the lowest on them. Lopamudra and Manveer are attributed the highest amount followed by Manu and Bani. Bidding amounts per inmates are:
*Rs 11,00,000 on Lopa
*9,99,00 on Manveer
*7,00,200 on Manu
*6,00,350 on Bani
*1,00,000 on Niti
*444 on Swami
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Bani and Swami'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||
*Bigg Boss introduces the captaincy task wherein Bani and Om Swami compete against each other and Manveer is made the Sanchalak (referee). For the task, two pyramids of miniature blocks with Bani and Om Swami's pictures are placed in the garden area on two tables. While the contestants are given an option to destroy the pyramid of the contender they do not wish to support by throwing squishy balls at them to displace it by staying outside the border line of pyramids. Bani and Om Swami have to protect their pyramids. They also have the liberty to build it all over again, contenders of captaincy and attack each other's pyramids using balls after coming out of border line. The contender with a maximum number of blocks standing in a shape of a pyramid by the end of the task will be declared as the winner. Taking into consideration that both Bani and Om Swami are feeling unwell, Bigg Boss also gives them the option to pick up a representative who will perform the task on their behalf.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"| '''Task was cancelled after Swami Om threw his urine on Bani and Rohan. Bani did not become captain.'''
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''Oppo 2017 Calendar'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the launch of Oppo 2017 calendar task wherein the contestants have to use OPPO selfie expert camera phone to click pictures at designated locations inside the house. In the given time the contestants are asked to capture interesting selfies and share it with Bigg Boss. Om Swami is made the director of the task while Manveer plays the role of assistant director.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||
*Swami Om was thrown in jail after he threw his urine on Bani and Rohan. He was later thrown out of the house by Bigg Boss.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 81, Swami Om was ejected from the house on Day 81 after his disgusting acts towards other contestants.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bigg-boss-10-swami-om-pees-bani-and-rohan-bigg-boss-evicts-him-4459807/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Swami Om pees on Bani and Rohan, Bigg Boss evicts him|newspaper=The Indian Express |date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
* There was no eviction this week as voting lines were closed for the following week.
|-
! rowspan=12 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 13
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
*As last week was no eviction, Rohan, Antara, Bani, Lopamudra and Nitibha have been nominated again for this week's eviction.
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
:'''BB Solar System'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the much-awaited ticket to finale week qualifier task. For the same, the entire garden area is converted into a night sky and a solar system set up is installed there with four orbits in it. The contestants have to hold a bowl containing purple liquid in their hands and rotate around the ticket (sun) starting with the first orbit. nmates have two objective, one is to protect their liquid and spill others liquid. Every time a contestants’ water spills or goes down beyond the yellow mark, or in case a contestant trips and falls due to some reason, he or she will be disqualified from the game. The competition will then move to the next level and the contestants will have to start walking in the second orbit by filling bowls again. Last two contestants to successfully complete the task will get a chance to grab ticket to finale week. Rohan is made the sanchalak (referee) of the task while Lopamudra gets an extra edge over others and is asked to join in the second round as she was on 1st position in ranking task.
*Bigg Boss introduces the first leg of the ticket to finale week task where Bani, Manu, Manveer, Antara and Nitibha have to go around the orbit with their bowls. '''Failed: Antara'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the second leg of the ticket finale week task where Bani, Manveer, Manu, Lopamudra and Nitibha are continuing to go around the orbit. '''Failed: Lopamudra'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the third leg of the ticket finale week task where Bani, Manu, Manveer and Nitibha are continuing to go around the orbit. '''Failed: Nitibha'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the next leg of the ticket to finale week task and Bani, Manu and Manveer step on the last most difficult orbit with water bowls in their hand, they can take place on orbit and move at speed as they want but have to protect their bowls. '''Failed: Bani'''
*Bigg boss announces final task for finale week ticket, there will be task between Manu and Manveer to win ticket to finale week. They will go to shopping mall and have to convince people to vote for them to make them win ticket to finale week. '''Failed: Manu''', '''Winner: Manveer'''
* Manveer has got 472 votes
* Manu has got 338 votes.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Manveer'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || {{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||
*Manveer and Manu gets to meet the public in a shopping mall so that they can get votes form them.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''BB Rank Task'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the ranking task as a build-up to the ticket to finale week task. The contestants are made to rank themselves in the order of 1 to 6 after mutual decision and claim their position by standing on a ranking podium. Bigg Boss also informs them that the task will have direct implications on the ticket to finale task and the one with the highest rank will get an edge over other contestants. Rohan is made the sanchalak (referee) of the task since he is nominated for the entire season. Positions are: Antara-6th, Manveer-5th, Manu-4th, Nitibha-3rd, Bani-2nd, Lopamudra-1st.
|-
|{{n/a}}
|-
|:'''BB Call Centre'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the luxury budget task BB Call Centre wherein the housemates are divided into two teams- call centre executives and customers. While Manveer, Manu and Lopamudra are given the responsibility of the call centre executives who have to patiently listen to their customers’ complain, Bani, Rohan and Nitibha are asked to be the cranky callers. While the executives have to maintain their composure and try to give a suitable solution to the customer's problems, customers have to make sure that they irritate the executives and instigate them to disconnect the call. Antara will be referee and there will punishments whoever loose task.
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"| '''Housemates were unsuccessful and task was cancelled after Bani and Lopamudra fight'''
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' || {{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 91, Nitibha was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref name="abplive.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/confirmed-nitibha-kaul-evicted-from-bigg-boss-10-479423|title=CONFIRMED: Nitibha Kaul EVICTED from Bigg Boss 10 !|date=13 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=12 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 14
| align=center|'''Nominations''' ||
*Bigg Boss introduces the nominations task for the week with yet another twist. Dressed up as a postman, every contestant is assigned a parcel of one of their fellow contestant which they have to either deliver or destroy in a foyer. If they fail to destroy and instead deliver it successfully to other inmate, they will be nominated for the week while the contestant owning the parcel will be safe from nomination and vice versa. They have to burn parcel in furnace of other inmate to save themselves from nominations. The parcel would entail gifts or letters sent by their family or loved ones. Since Manveer has already qualified into the finale week and since Rohan is nominated for the entire season, they are made the sanchalaks(referee) of the task.
*Antara have Manu's parcel
*Manu will have Bani's parcel
*Bani will have Lopamudra's parcel
*Lopamudra will have Antara's parcel

They have to open parcel before burning it and once parcel is opened, they have to burn it. As a result, Rohan and Antara are nominated for this week's eviction.
|-
| align=center|'''Tasks''' ||
:'''Shopping Task'''
*Bigg Boss gives the housemates an opportunity to do luxury budget shopping. In the garden area, the luxury budget items are placed on a table with a plastic string attached to it. The housemates are asked to form a chain and pass on the luxury budget items of their choice by holding it with their mouth. While the housemates were entitled to get 10 mins for the process but they only get 6 mins because of Manveer and Lopamudra's slipups, Lopa reading letter from furnace and Manveer breaking smoking room's rules, Manu can use this luxury budget too, Bigg Boss also lifts the ban imposed on Manu to not use the luxury budget items.
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Housemates were successful'''
|-
| align=center|'''Captaincy Task''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Result''' || style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|
|-
| align=center|'''Reward''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|'''Other Tasks''' ||
:'''Antara and Vikrant's Shaadi'''
*Bigg Boss makes an official announcement about Antara and Vikrant getting married in the house and that the contestants will have to take all the responsibilities of the wedding as her fellow inmates, they will get married tomorrow, their families will come in house on wedding day. Amongst the contestants, Lopamudra, Rohan and Manu are asked to be the on the bride-side while Bani and Manveer are made to be on the groom-side. Inmates are so excited for wedding. The contestants are asked to start the preparations and begin the wedding rituals with Haldi ceremony. Bigg Boss provides them with all the things required for the ceremony and asks the housemates to perform the rituals, both groom and bride side have to keep trying to make their haldi ceremony more entertaining. Bigg boss announces that the rituals will soon commence with Antara's mehendi ceremony and some guests will come in house, female inmates will get to put mehndi on her hands. Clothes are in store room. Manveer says Rohan and Lopaudra get ready fast, Bani will take care of her food. Garden is decorated for the grand wedding reception that is to be held in the garden area. Manu and Manveer are given the responsibility to host the evening and make it an entertaining one. When the housemates enter the garden area, they find a brightly lit stage placed right in the center where they have to give their performances.
|-
|{{n/a}}
|-
|:'''Saving Nominations'''
*Bigg Boss introduces another challenging task that will give the contestants an extra edge to save themselves from the upcoming nominations which are last nominations, the team losing will have disadvantage in last nominations. The housemates are divided into two teams- Team Manu consisting of Manveer, Lopamudra, Manu while Team Rohan consisting of Antara, Bani, Rohan. Bigg Boss announces that it is time for role reversals — Bani J, Rohan Mehra and Antara Biswas are to hold on to the red mark while being pulled back by a harness. Manu, Manveer and Lopamudra, meanwhile, will try and disturb them. Team Manu held mark for 4:30hours due to Manveer's hard work. Team Manu have to make sure that they make all three members of team Rohan to leave marks before 4:30 hours to win task.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Won – Lopamudra, Manu and Manveer'''
|-
| align=center|'''Punishments''' ||{{n/a}}
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 97, [[Antara Biswas|Antara]] was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-makers-change-the-decision-at-the-end-evict-monalisa-antra-from-the-show-482367|title=BIGG BOSS 10 Makers change the decision at the end; EVICT Monalisa Antra from the show|date=21 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=9 style="width: 6%;" style="background:#0000A0; color:#fff;" | Week 15
|-
| '''Tasks''' ||
:'''BB Dhaba'''
*Bigg Boss introduces the BB Dhaba task wherein the housemates are divided into two teams- Lopamudra- Rohan and Manu-Bani and have to cook some delicious food in the given time frame. Manveer is chosen to be the sanchalak(referee/judge) and owner of the dhaba who will get food orders from Bigg Boss and ensure that both the teams prepare it in the given time limit.
A dhaba-like set up is put up in the garden area consisting of a stove place which both the teams have to share to cook food. The housemates are asked to dress up like dhaba chefs with aprons and gamchas and pick up all the required ingredients from the store room every time they get an order, Lopa and Bani have only 3 minutes to pick up ingredients from the store room. After the task completion gong rings, both the teams have to get Manveer to taste their dishes and while he decides whether to accept or reject the dish. However, the final decision lies with Bigg Boss as Manveer will send most delicious dish to store room.
|-
| '''Happenings''' ||
* '''Day 98''' : Bani, Manu and Manveer are asked to go to the activity area and are asked to sit in front of a LED screen flashing ‘Grand Finale’ on it and are asked to evaluate their performance on the show. Basis all their weakness and strength, they have to draw a conclusion as to which contestant will get eliminated from the grand finale run and in what particular order. After they decide the order, contestants have to leave the finale room in that particular sequence as and when the signature tune of the show rings.
* '''Day 99''': Bigg Boss asked the housemates to cook some delicious foods. The house is divided in two teams.
*'''Day 101''': Bigg Boss introduces mela task wherein the garden area is turned into a fair and the housemates are allotted different stalls. There will be five stalls and each inmate will get a stall. At regular intervals, guests will enter the house and the contestants will have to entertain them at their respective stalls, guests will give them points on basis of their entertaining. Rohan will be horse in task, he will walk like horse on guest's requests. Manu is selected to hit the Joker stall wherein the guests can make the housemates as targets and hit them with a sponge dipped in soap water. Manveer is chosen for questions and dare stalls wherein he will ask questions to the guests and can take a dare in return. Lopamudra has to take care of the massage counter while Rohan is made to be a horse wearing a costume and a mask. Bani has become "baba" where she has to talk about inmates on request of guests. Bigg Boss also announces the next results for eviction. Bani and Rohan come and Bigg Boss says Rohan is vote out.
*'''Day 102''': The Mela task is continued and Evicted contestant Naveen Prakash and Season 9 finalist Rishabh Sinha enters to show their opinions to the contestants.
* '''Day 103''': Bigg Boss shows the 4 finalists Bani, Lopamudra, Manu and Manveer's journey to them.
* '''Day 104''': There is a debate with Celebrities vs Commoners where [[Farah Khan]], [[Ravi Dubey]], Malishka RJ and Bigg Boss 8's Puneet Issar came to ask them questions.
|-
| align=center|'''Exit''' ||
* On Day 102, [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan]] was evicted from the house after facing the public vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-eliminated-in-the-mid-week-eviction-484142|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Rohan Mehra ELIMINATED in the mid-week eviction|date=25 January 2017|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911031243/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-eliminated-in-the-mid-week-eviction-484142|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|'''Finalists'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="background:#73FB76; " | '''Winner''' || style="text-align:center;"|Manveer Gurjar
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="background:#D1E8EF; "| '''1st Runner-Up''' || style="text-align:center;"|[[Bani J|Bani Judge]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="background:#FBF373; "|'''2nd Runner-up''' || style="text-align:center;"|[[Lopamudra Raut]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="background:#fcf; "| '''Walked,3rd Runner-up''' || style="text-align:center;"|Manu Punjabi
|}

==Nominations table==

<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:13px;"
|-
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" |
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 6
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 8
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 9
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 10
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 11
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 12
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 13
! rowspan=2 style="width: 5%;" | Week 14
! colspan=3 style="width: 5%;" | Week 15
|-
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 101
! colspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Day 105
|-style="background:#87CEEB;" |
! style="background:#87CEEB;" | {{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
| Bani Manu {{nowrap|Swami Om}}
| Karan Lopamudra Rahul Rohan
| Lopamudra Manu Rohan
| Gaurav Manveer
| Gaurav Priyanka
| Bani Lopamudra Manveer
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
| Manveer Rohan
| Bani {{nowrap|Swami Om}}
| colspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
|- style="background:#cfc;" |
! style="background:#cfc;" | House Captain
| '''Bani'''
| colspan="2" | '''Rohan'''
| '''Gaurav'''
| <s>'''Priyanka'''</s>
| colspan=2 | '''Lopamudra'''
| colspan=3 | '''Manveer'''
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;"|''No Captain''
|-
! Captain's Nominations
| colspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Priyanka Lopamudra Manveer
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Captain Evicted''
| Bani
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No nominations''
| style="background:#ccc;"|''Not eligible''
|- style="background:#FAD1D0;" |
! {{nowrap|Jail Nominations}}
| '''Antara {{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| '''Antara {{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| '''Karan Nitibha'''
| '''Manu {{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No Jail Punishment''
| '''Bani Nitibha'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''No Jail Punishment''
| '''Priyanka {{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No Jail Punishment''
| '''Gaurav {{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| '''{{nowrap|Swami Om}}'''
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''Jail Tasks Ended''
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan="3" | Evict
! {{nowrap|Save / Evict}}
! Evict
! Task
! None
! colspan="2" | Evict
! Evict
! None
! Evict
! None
! {{nowrap|Save / Evict}}
! None
! colspan="2" | WIN
|-
| colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Manveer
| Lopamudra Antara
| Gaurav Rohan
| Nitibha Swami Om
| Manu (to save) Rahul (to evict)
| Karan Lokesh Rahul Rohan
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sahil Bani
| Rahul
| Gaurav Antara
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner''''' (Day 105)
|-
! Bani
| Manu Priyanka
| Manu Manveer
| Lopamudra Antara
| Rohan (to evict) Gaurav (to save)
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated against Priyanka''
| Priyanka Rahul Lopamudra
| Lopamudra Nitibha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Manu Antara
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Swami Om
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#097969;" |''{{font color|white|Lopumudra's Parcel Destroyed}}''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''{{nowrap|''1st runner-up''}}''' (Day 105)
|-
! Lopamudra
| Manu Priyanka
| Manveer Nitibha
| Bani Karan
| style="background:#FBF373; text-align:center" |''Safe''
| Gaurav Karan Manu Manveer
| style="background:#fbf373; text-align:center;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| Priyanka Bani Nitibha
| Bani
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Nitibha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#097969;" |''{{font color|white|Antara's Parcel Destroyed}}''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''''{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
! Manu
| Bani Gaurav
| Gaurav Rohan
| Nitibha Swami Om
| Antara (to save) Manveer (to evict)
| Karan Lokesh Rahul Rohan
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked '' (Day 48)
| style="background:#87CEFA; " |{{nowrap|''Secret Room'' (Days 57-59)}}
| Gaurav Priyanka
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Antara
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#097969;" |''{{font color|white|Bani's Parcel Destroyed}}''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''{{nowrap|''Walked, 3rd runner-up''}}''' (Day 105)
|-
! Rohan
| Manu Priyanka
| Manu Manveer
| Bani Antara
| Antara (to evict)
| Gaurav Manu Manveer Antara
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Priyanka Sahil Bani
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Antara Priyanka
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 102)
|-
! Antara
| Manu Priyanka
| Akanksha Nitibha
| Bani Lopamudra
| Nitibha (to evict)
| Karan Lokesh Rahul Rohan
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| Priyanka Sahil Rohan
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Gaurav Priyanka
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Antara
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:red;" |''{{font color|white|Manu's Parcel Delivered}}''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 97)
|-
! Nitibha
| Antara Rahul
| Lopamudra Antara
| Manu Manveer
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Gaurav (to evict)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Karan Manveer Antara Rahul
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe against Elena''
| Priyanka Sahil Bani
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Gaurav Antara
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Lopamudra
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 90)
|-
! Swami Om
| Bani Gaurav
| Bani Gaurav
| Manu Manveer
| style="background:#87CEFA; " |{{nowrap|''Secret Room'' (Days 22-24)}}
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Karan Lokesh Antara Rahul
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' (Day 48)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Manu Manveer
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Bani
| colspan="5" style="background:#FFE08B;" |''Ejected'' (Day 81)
|-
! Gaurav
| Manu Priyanka
| Manu Manveer
| Bani Rahul
| Bani (to save) Manu (to evict)
| Karan Lokesh Antara Rahul
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe against Jason''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Antara Nitibha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 77)
|-
! Priyanka
| Bani Gaurav
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 7)
| style="background:#fbf373;" |''Safe against Bani''
| Jason Sahil
| style="background:#87CEFA; " |{{nowrap|''Secret Room'' (Days 57-59)}}
| Antara Nitibha
| colspan="7" style="background:#FFE08B;" |''Ejected'' (Day 69)
|-
! Rahul
| Manu Priyanka
| Akanksha Swami Om
| Karan Antara
|Karan (to evict)
| Karan Lokesh Manu Antara
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated against Sahil''
| Priyanka Bani Sahil
| Manveer
| colspan="8" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 63)
|-
! Sahil
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#fbf373; text-align:center;" |''Safe against Rahul''
| Manveer Nitibha
| colspan="9" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 55)
|-
! Jason
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated against Gaurav''
| Rohan Antara
| colspan="9" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' (Day 55)
|-
! Elena
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated against Nitibha''
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 49)
|-
! Lokesh
| Lopamudra Antara
| Gaurav Antara
| Manu Swami Om
| Lokesh (to evict) Karan (to save)
| Gaurav Karan Manveer Rahul
| colspan="12" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 35)
|-
! Karan
| Manu Priyanka
| Manu Manveer
| Lopamudra Antara
| Rohan (to save)
| Lokesh Manu Antara Rahul
| colspan="12" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 34)
|-
! Navin
| Gaurav Rahul
| Gaurav Rohan
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Manu Swami Om
| Rahul (to evict)
| colspan="13" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 28)
|-
! Akanksha
| Antara Rahul
| Antara Rahul
| colspan="15" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 14)
|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Notes
| ''[[#endnote 01|1]]''
| ''[[#endnote 02|2]]''
| ''[[#endnote 03|3]]'',''[[#endnote 04|4]]''
| ''[[#endnote 05|5]]'',''[[#endnote 06|6]]'',''[[#endnote 07|7]]''
| ''[[#endnote 08|8]]'',''[[#endnote 09|9]]'',''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
| colspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
|''[[#endnote 11|11]]'',
|''[[#endnote 11|11]]'',''[[#endnote 12|12]]''
|''[[#endnote 11|11]]'',''[[#endnote 13|13]]''
|''[[#endnote 14|14]]'',''[[#endnote 15|15]]''
| ''[[#endnote 16|16]]'',''[[#endnote 17|17]]''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF" |
! Against public vote
| Antara Gaurav Manu Priyanka
| Akanksha Antara Gaurav Manu Manveer Nitibha Rohan
| Antara Bani Lopamudra Manu Manveer Nitibha Swami Om
| Lokesh Manveer Navin Rahul
| Antara Karan Lokesh Rahul
| Bani Gaurav Manveer Nitibha Rahul
| Bani Elena Jason Rahul
| Bani Lopamudra Manveer Nitibha Priyanka Rohan Sahil
| Bani Lopamudra Manveer Nitibha Rahul
| Antara Bani Gaurav
| Antara Bani Gaurav
| Antara Bani Lopamudra Nitibha Rohan Swami Om
| Antara Bani Lopamudra Nitibha Rohan
| Antara Rohan
| Bani Rohan
| colspan=2 | Bani Lopamudra Manveer Manu
|-
! rowspan="2" | Re-entered
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Priyanka'''
| rowspan=2 style="background:#DAFF99;" |{{nowrap|'''Swami Om'''}}
| style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Priyanka'''
| colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
|-
| style="background:#DAFF99;" |'''Manu'''
|-
! rowspan=2 | {{nowrap|Secret Room}}
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#87CEFA;" |{{nowrap|'''Swami Om'''{{ref|1|1}}}}
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| style="background:#87CEFA;" |'''Priyanka'''
| colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
|-
| style="background:#87CEFA;" |'''Manu'''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Walked
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| style="background:#fcf;" |{{nowrap|'''Swami Om'''}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:#fcf;" |'''Jason'''
| colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
|-
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''Manu'''
|-
! Ejected
| colspan="9" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| style="background:#FFE08B;" |'''Priyanka'''
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
| style="background:#FFE08B;" |{{nowrap|'''Swami Om'''}}
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''none''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Evicted
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Priyanka'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Akanksha'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Eviction''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Navin'''
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Karan'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Eviction''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Elena'''
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Sahil'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Rahul'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Eviction Cancelled''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Gaurav'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Eviction postponed''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Nitibha'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" | '''Antara'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Rohan'''
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''Manu'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''Lopamudra'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Lokesh'''
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Priyanka'''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''Bani'''
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''Manveer'''
|}
</blockquote>
'''Color Key'''
: {{color box|#959FFD}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction.
: {{color box|#FBF373}} indicates that the Housemate was immune prior to nominations.
: {{color box|#73FB76}} indicates the winner.
: {{color box|#D1E8EF}} indicates the first runner up.
: {{color box|#7FFFD4}} indicates the second runner up.
: {{color box|#DDA0DD}} indicates the third runner up.
: {{color box|salmon}} indicates the contestant has been evicted.
: {{color box|#fcf}} indicates the contestant walked out due to emergency.
: {{color box|#FFE08B}} indicates the contestant has been ejected.
: {{color box|#CCFFCC}} house captain.
: {{color box|#B2FFFF}} indicates the contestant is nominated.

{{refbegin}}
#{{note|1}} Swami Om was evicted by the regular eviction process however in accordance with the secret room twist he was moved to a temporary abode and later returned in the week that followed.
#{{note|2}}Priyanka was evicted in the double eviction on Day 57. However, she was moved to the secret room and later returned to the house.
#{{note|3}} Priyanka was asked to leave the house by host of the show [[Salman Khan]] after a heated exchange with him during which he threatened to quit presenting the show from there on and for future seasons if Priyanka did not exit the house. Priyanka Left the house under the circumstances. It is unknown whether her decision was influenced by the producers but is strongly alleged. The nominations were carry forwarded because she was ejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-10-priyanka-jagga-salman-khan-wrote-on-social-media-after-sameer-jagga-lifetv-359414-2016-12-25|title=This is what Priyanka Jagga wrote on social media after getting kicked out of Bigg Boss 10|date=25 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/was-there-more-to-priyanka-jaggas-ouster-from-bigg-boss-10-house-4445606/|title=Was there more to Priyanka Jagga's ouster from Bigg Boss 10 house?|date=26 December 2016}}</ref>
#{{note|4}} Swami Om was ejected from the house after he threw his [[urine]] which he had stored in a container on Bani and Rohan during the captaincy task.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bigg-boss-10-om-swami-reveals-why-he-threw-his-urine-on-bani-j-and-rohan-mehra/|title=Bigg Boss 10: Om Swami reveals why he threw his urine on Bani J and Rohan Mehra|first=Vinod|last=Talreja|date=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/01/05/antics-at-bigg-boss-reaches-an-all-time-low-swami-om-throws-uri/|title=Antics At Bigg Boss Reaches An All Time Low, Swami Om Throws Urine At Contestants|date=5 January 2017}}</ref>
#{{note|5}} Manveer was made house captain for three weeks following a task he won for eternal immunity.
#{{note|6}} Following an offer presented to all housemates by Bigg Boss, Manu chose to take the {{INR|10}} [[lakh]] and left the house.
{{refend}}

===Nomination notes===
{{smalldiv|1=
*{{note|01|1}} All the Celebrities had to nominate 2 Indiawale by mutual consent.
*{{note|02|2}} On Day 8, Housemates nominated face to face, with each Housemate nominated two Housemates from their opposite team.
*{{note|03|3}} Navin was immune for Week 3 from nomination by winning The Immunity Challenge.
*{{note|04|4}} After Swami Om's eviction, he was sent to secret room.
*{{note|05|5}} All the housemates nominated a housemate for nomination and also to sit on the Telephone Task chair.
*{{note|06|6}} Lopamudra was immune for Week 4 from nomination by winning The Immunity Challenge.
*{{note|07|7}} Nitibha was also immune for Week 4 by using The Immunity Medallion.
*{{note|08|8}} All the housemates nominated 4 housemates by mutual consent.
*{{note|09|9}} Swami Om was immune for Week 5 from nomination as he returned as a Wild Card Entry that week.
*{{note|10|10}} Nitibha was also immune for Week 5 by using The Immunity Medallion.
*{{note|11|11}} Rohan was eternally nominated as punishment for physically assaulting Swami Om.
*{{note|12|12}} Manveer qualified for the final week after winning the "Ticket to Finale" task.
*{{note|13|13}} Each housemate was assigned a parcel of one of their fellow contestant which they have to either deliver or destroy in a foyer. If they fail to destroy and instead deliver it successfully, they will get nominated for the week while the contestant owning the parcel will be safe from nomination. Mona got Manu's, Manu got Bani's, Bani got Lopamudra's and Lopamudra got Mona's parcel. Only Mona delivered her parcel. Hence, nominating herself.
*{{note|14|14}} Rohan was spared from his eternal nomination for the last nomination process.
*{{note|15|15}} Housemates were divided into two teams. For winning the task Team Manu consisting of Lopamudra, Manu and Manveer was declared safe from the last nominations, making it to the finals. On the other hand, Team Rohan consisting of Bani, Monalisa and Rohan was nominated. As Monalisa and Rohan were already nominated, whoever survived the eviction was to be tagged with Bani for the last eviction before the finale.
*{{note|16|16}} During the final week the public initially voted for who they wanted to save between Bani and Rohan. Audience voted for the four remaining housemates to win Bigg Boss, the three housemates with the fewest votes were evicted on Day 105 (the finale) with the Winner revealed on the same night.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.colorstv.com/mena/biggboss/ Official Website]

{{Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bigg Boss 10}}
[[Category:2016 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) seasons|10]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]

Shailendra Mohan Singhal

2025-11-17T21:15:31Z

MyronMullet1862: improved content and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
'''Shailendra Mohan Singhal''' is a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Uttarakhand]], India. He served as member of the [[Vidhan Sabha]] representing [[Jaspur]]. He was elected from Jaspur in 2002, 2007 and 2012 state elections in Uttarakhand.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/seeking-cm-rawats-dismissal-now-uttarakhand-speaker-issues-show-cause-notices-to-congress-lawmakers-2685574.html Seeking CM Rawat's dismissal]</ref><ref>[http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/politician/uttarakhand/2715-Uttarakhand-MLA-Dr.-Shailendra-Mohan-Singhal.html Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal MLA Uttarakhand],</ref><ref>[http://myneta.info/utt2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=24 My Neta]</ref> He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] until he joined Bharatiya Janata Party aftermath of Uttarakhand political crisis.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/9-uttarakhand-congress-rebels-join-bjp/articleshow/52331792.cms 9 Uttarakhand Congress rebels join BJP]</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jaspur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jaspur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2017}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jaspur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2012}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jaspur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2007}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jaspur Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2002}}}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singhal, Shailendra Mohan}}
[[Category:People from Udham Singh Nagar district]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttaranchal MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2012–2017]]

{{Uttarakhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

2007–08 Senior Women's One Day League

2025-11-16T07:39:44Z

MyronMullet1862: new a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2007–08 Senior Women's One Day League
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| fromdate = 12 September
| todate = 18 November 2007
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and knockouts
| host =
| champions = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| count = 2
| runner up = [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| participants = 27
| matches = 69
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Mithali Raj]] (356)
| most wickets = [[Raju Goyal]] (17)
| previous_year = 2006–07
| previous_tournament = 2006–07 Senior Women's One Day League
| next_year = 2008–09
| next_tournament = 2008–09 Senior Women's One Day League
}}

The '''2007–08 Senior Women's One Day League''' was the 2nd edition of the women's [[List A cricket|List A]] [[cricket]] [[Senior Women's One Day League|competition]] in [[India]]. It took place from September to November 2007, with 27 teams divided into five regional groups. [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] won the tournament, beating [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]] in the final, claiming their second One Day League title.<ref name="CA">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/6/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2007-08.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2007/08 |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

==Competition format==
The 27 teams competing in the tournament were divided into five zonal groups: Central, East, North, South and West. The tournament operated on a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format, with each team playing every other team in their group once. The top two sides from each group progressed to the knockout stages. Matches were played using a [[Limited overs cricket|50 over]] format.

The groups worked on a points system with positions with the groups being based on the '''total points'''. Points were awarded as follows:<ref name="CAtable">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/6/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2007-08.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2007/08 Points Tables |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

'''Win''': 4 points. 
'''[[Result (cricket)#Tie|Tie]]''': 2 points. 
'''Loss''': –1 points. 
'''No Result/Abandoned''': 2 points. 
'''Bonus Points''': 1 point available per match. 
'''Consolation Points''': 1 point available per match.

If points in the final table are equal, teams are separated by most wins, then head-to-head record, then number of Bonus Points, then [[Net Run Rate]].

==Zonal Tables==
===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|BP|Bonus Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|CP|Consolation Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||4 ||0 || '''20'''|| +3.159
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||3 ||0 ||'''14'''|| +1.673
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Uttar Pradesh women's cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||2 ||0 ||'''8'''|| +0.862
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Vidarbha women's cricket team|Vidarbha]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||'''2'''|| –1.557
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Rajasthan women's cricket team|Rajasthan]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''–4'''|| –3.980
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|BP|Bonus Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|CP|Consolation Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||4 ||0 || '''22'''|| +2.902
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jharkhand women's cricket team|Jharkhand]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +1.585
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Odisha women's cricket team|Orissa]]
|5 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +0.630
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Sikkim women's cricket team|Sikkim]]
|5 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.762
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tripura women's cricket team|Tripura]]
|5 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''3'''|| –1.588
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Assam women's cricket team|Assam]]
|5 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||'''–1'''|| –2.207
|}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|BP|Bonus Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|CP|Consolation Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||4 ||0 || '''20'''|| +2.372
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||3 ||0 ||'''14'''|| +1.441
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Haryana women's cricket team|Haryana]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||2 ||0 ||'''8'''|| –0.216
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Himachal Pradesh women's cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||'''2'''|| –1.300
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Jammu and Kashmir women's cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''–4'''|| –2.231
|}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|BP|Bonus Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|CP|Consolation Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||2 ||3 ||0 || '''19'''|| +2.211
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||2 ||3 ||0 ||'''19'''|| +1.613
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]]
|5 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +2.134
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Goa women's cricket team|Goa]]
|5 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.817
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]]
|5 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''3'''|| –1.693
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Andhra women's cricket team|Andhra]]
|5 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||'''–1'''|| –2.831
|}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|BP|Bonus Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|CP|Consolation Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''(Q)'''
|4 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||3 ||0 || '''19'''|| +2.689
|-style="background:#dfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]] '''(Q)'''
|4 ||3 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||3 ||1 ||'''15'''|| +3.046
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Gujarat women's cricket team|Gujarat]]
|4 ||2 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''6'''|| –1.034
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Baroda women's cricket team|Baroda]]
|4 ||1 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||'''2'''|| –1.844
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[Saurashtra women's cricket team|Saurashtra]]
|4 ||0 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||2 ||'''–2'''|| –2.069
|}

{{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Advanced to Quarter-Finals. 
{{Color box|#dfc|border=darkgray}} Advanced to Pre-Quarter-Finals.

:Source:CricketArchive<ref name="CAtable"/>

==Knockout stage==
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|rounds=4
| compact = y | byes=1 | seeds = y | RD1-omit = {{{RD1-omit|3/4}}}
| RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals
| RD2 = Quarter-finals
| RD3 = Semi-finals
| RD4 = Final
| team-width = 130

| RD1-seed1 = N1
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''160'''
| RD1-seed2 = C2
| RD1-team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| RD1-score2 = 144

| RD1-seed7 = N2
| RD1-team7 = [[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| RD1-score7 = 144
| RD1-seed8 = W1
| RD1-team8 = '''[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]'''
| RD1-score8 = '''145/8'''

| RD2-seed1 = W1
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''169'''
| RD2-seed2 = N1
| RD2-team2 = [[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
| RD2-score2 = 153

| RD2-seed3 = S2
| RD2-team3 = [[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| RD2-score3 = 169/9
| RD2-seed4 = E1
| RD2-team4 = '''[[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''170/7'''

| RD2-seed5 = C1
| RD2-team5 = '''[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD2-score5 = '''230/4'''
| RD2-seed6 = W2
| RD2-team6 = [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
| RD2-score6 = 126/6

| RD2-seed7 = S1
| RD2-team7 = '''[[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]'''
| RD2-score7 = '''118/9'''
| RD2-seed8 = E2
| RD2-team8 = [[Jharkhand women's cricket team|Jharkhand]]
| RD2-score8 = 84

| RD3-seed1 = W1
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''147'''
| RD3-seed2 = E1
| RD3-team2 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| RD3-score2 = 146

| RD3-seed3 = S1
| RD3-team3 = [[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| RD3-score3 = 141/9
| RD3-seed4 = C1
| RD3-team4 = '''[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD3-score4 = '''142/3'''

| RD4-seed1 = W1
| RD4-team1 = [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| RD4-score1 = 127/7
| RD4-seed2 = C1
| RD4-team2 = '''[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD4-score2 = '''131/1'''
}}

===Pre-Quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
| team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh women's cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| score1 = 160 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 44 (86)
| wickets1 = Revati Joshi 4/19 (7 overs)
| score2 = 144 (47.3 overs)
| runs2 = Revati Joshi 47 (113)
| wickets2 = Shashi Malik 4/26 (10 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 16 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125704.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Manoj Kumar and P Surya Prakash
| motm =
| toss = Delhi won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score1 = 144 (45.4 overs)
| runs1 = Anureet Kaur 52 (102)
| wickets1 = [[Seema Pujare]] 3/13 (7 overs)
| score2 = 145/8 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = Neelima Patil 35[[not out|*]] (50)
| wickets2 = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 2/31 (10 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 2 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125703.html Scorecard]
| venue = Railways Recreation Club Ground, [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = R Kameshwar Rao and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]
| motm =
| toss = Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

===Quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
| score1 = 169 (48.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Devika Palshikar]] 50 (87)
| wickets1 = Dipti Dhyani 2/28 (10 overs)
| score2 = 153 (47.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Latika Kumari]] 31 (46)
| wickets2 = Trupti Khot 3/30 (10 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 16 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125705.html Scorecard]
| venue = Nuclear Fuel Complex Ground, [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = R Kameshwar Rao and Krishna Prakash
| motm =
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| score1 = 169/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = Vani Viola 69 (132)
| wickets1 = [[Beas Sarkar]] 4/21 (10 overs)
| score2 = 170/7 (48.5 overs)
| runs2 = Ritu Roy 61 (124)
| wickets2 = [[Gouher Sultana]] 2/22 (10 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 3 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125708.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Manoj Kumar and Sujith Krishna
| motm =
| toss = Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score1 = 230/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mithali Raj]] 113[[not out|*]] (133)
| wickets1 = [[Seema Pujare]] 2/39 (10 overs)
| score2 = 126/6 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Punam Raut]] 65[[not out|*]] (151)
| wickets2 = [[Reema Malhotra]] 2/32 (8 overs)
| result = Railways won by 104 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125706.html Scorecard]
| venue = Railways Recreation Club Ground, [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] and B Srinivas
| motm =
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Jharkhand women's cricket team|Jharkhand]]
| team2 = [[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| score1 = 118/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Thirush Kamini]] 27 (18)
| wickets1 = Deepa Jha 3/28 (10 overs)
| score2 = 84 (39 overs)
| runs2 = [[Seema Desai]] 16[[not out|*]] (61)
| wickets2 = [[Thirush Kamini]] 3/6 (5 overs)
| result = Tamil Nadu won by 34 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125707.html Scorecard]
| venue = Electronic Corporation of India Limited Ground, [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = V Chandraiah and P Surya Prakash
| motm =
| toss = Jharkhand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

===Semi-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Bengal women's cricket team|Bengal]]
| score1 = 147 (47.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Amrita Shinde]] 91[[not out|*]] (118)
| wickets1 = [[Priyanka Roy]] 2/23 (10 overs)
| score2 = 146 (49.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Priyanka Roy]] 45 (48)
| wickets2 = Swaroopa Kadam 2/16 (10 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 1 run
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125710.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = K Kusha Prakash and Sujith Krishna
| motm =
| toss = Bengal won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Tamil Nadu women's cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| team2 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| score1 = 141/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nagarajan Niranjana]] 37 (74)
| wickets1 = [[Reema Malhotra]] 4/24 (7 overs)
| score2 = 142/3 (36.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mithali Raj]] 62 (96)
| wickets2 = [[Nagarajan Niranjana]] 3/32 (10 overs)
| result = Railways won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125709.html Scorecard]
| venue = Railways Recreation Club Ground, [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] and R Manoj Kumar
| motm =
| toss = Tamil Nadu won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

===Final===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 November 2007
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| score1 = 127/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Devika Palshikar]] 45 (109)
| wickets1 = [[Amita Sharma]] 3/6 (8 overs)
| score2 = 131/1 (34.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jaya Sharma]] 62[[not out|*]] (122)
| wickets2 =
| result = Railways won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125711.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Kameshwar Rao and P Surya Prakash
| motm =
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

==Statistics==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=125| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Matches
!width=60 | Innings
!width=60 | Runs
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | {{Tooltip|HS|Highest score}}
!width=60 | 100s
!width=60 | 50s
|-
|[[Mithali Raj]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|7
|5
|'''356'''
|356.00
|113[[not out|*]]
|2
|1
|-
|[[Monica Sumra]]
|[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|6
|6
|'''231'''
|46.20
|107
|1
|1
|-
|[[Amrita Shinde]]
|[[Maharashtra women's cricket team|Maharashtra]]
|7
|7
|'''222'''
|44.40
|91
|0
|2
|-
|[[Jaya Sharma]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|7
|7
|'''208'''
|69.33
|62[[not out|*]]
|0
|2
|-
|[[Punam Raut]]
|[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|6
|6
|'''208'''
|41.60
|65[[not out|*]]
|0
|2
|-
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/6/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2007-08/Batting_by_Runs.html |title=Batting and Fielding in Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2007/08 (Ordered by Runs)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=150| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Overs
!width=60 | Wickets
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | BBI
!width=60 | 5w
|-
|[[Raju Goyal]]
|[[Mumbai women's cricket team|Mumbai]]
|54.2
|'''17'''
|9.70
|6/11
|1
|-
|Shashi Malik
|[[Delhi women's cricket team|Delhi]]
|55.3
|'''16'''
|7.81
|4/10
|0
|-
|[[Reema Malhotra]]
|[[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
|43.4
|'''14'''
|9.14
|4/24
|0
|-
|[[Madhusmita Behera]]
|[[Odisha women's cricket team|Orissa]]
|32.1
|'''13'''
|6.07
|4/14
|0
|-
|Ravneet Kaur
|[[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
|44.5
|'''13'''
|9.69
|5/2
|1
|}
Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/6/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2007-08/Bowling_by_Wickets.html |title=Bowling in Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2007/08 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2007-08 Senior Women's One Day League}}
[[Category:Senior Women's One Day Trophy]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2007–08|Senior Women's One Day League]]
[[Category:2007 in Indian cricket|Senior Women's One Day League]]

Property Owners Association v. State of Maharashtra

2025-11-11T21:04:00Z

MyronMullet1862: adding a details first draft

{{Infobox court case
| name = Property Owners Association v. State of Maharashtra
| court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| date decided = 5 November 2024
| judge = D.Y. Chandrachud, Hrishikesh Roy, B.V. Nagarathna, Sudhanshu Dhulia, J. B. Pardiwala, Manoj Misra, Rajesh Bindal, S.C. Sharma, A.G. Masih
| number of judges = 9
| ChiefJudge = [[D. Y. Chandrachud]]
| decision by = D. Y. Chandrachud
| Majority = 8
| docket = W.P. (C) No. 934/1992
}}

'''''Property Owners Association v. State of Maharashtra''''', {{Abbr|W.P.|Writ Petition}} (Civil) No. 934/1992, is a judgement of the [[Supreme Court of India]] that unanimously held that not all private property can be considered the "material resources of the community" under the Article 39(b) of the [[Constitution of India]], a [[Directive Principles in India|Directive Principal of State Policy]] that mandates the state to create policies ensuring the ownership and control of the community's material resources are distributed to best serve the common good.<ref name="supreme-court-observer">{{Cite web |title=Nature of private property {{!}} Judgement Summary |url=https://www.scobserver.in/reports/nature-of-private-property-judgement-summary/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-08 |title=SC’s interpretation of private property curtails state’s power but enhances judicial review |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/scs-interpretation-of-private-property-curtails-states-power-but-enhances-judicial-review-9659005/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="w790">{{cite web |date=2024-11-11 |title=Supreme Court verdict on private property: How it strikes a balance between public welfare and individual rights |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/supreme-court-verdict-on-private-property-how-it-strikes-a-balance-between-public-welfare-and-individual-rights-12862971.html |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

The case was decided by a majority of 8:1 by a nine-judge constitution bench led by [[Chief Justice of India]] (CJI) [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]] who authored the majority opinion. Justice Dhulia wrote the dissent.<ref name="supreme-court-observer" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parthasarathy |first=Suhrith |date=2024-05-08 |title=A chance to settle a constitutional clash |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-chance-to-settle-a-constitutional-clash/article68154253.ece |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The ruling is a landmark judgement that curtailed state's control over private resources and balancing that with individual rights and private wealth acquisition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaumik |first=Aaratrika |date=2024-11-07 |title=The Supreme Court verdict on private property rights and its implications {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-supreme-court-verdict-on-private-property-rights-and-its-implications-explained/article68835847.ece |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{SCI-cases}}
{{SC-India-stub}}

[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 2024]]
[[Category:Property law in India]]

Adhartal–Rani Kamalapati Intercity Express

2025-11-05T10:21:56Z

MyronMullet1862: new new location...

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Adhartal–Rani Kamalapati Intercity Express
| image = RKMP Intercity Express TB.png
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Adhartal}} ('''ADTL''')
| stops = 9
| end = {{rws|Rani Kamalapati}} ('''RKMP''')
| distance = {{convert|339|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 6h 5m
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = '''CC, UR/GEN'''
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = E-Catering
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 22187/22188
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map = [[File:(Bhopal - Jabalpur) Janshatabdi and Intercity Express Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state = hide
}}

'''Adhartal - Rani Kamalapati Intercity Express''' is a daily [[Express trains in India|Express]] Train of the [[Indian Railways]], which runs between {{rws|Adhartal}} railway station of [[Jabalpur]], one of the important city & military cantonment hubs of [[Central India]]n state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and {{rws|Rani Kamalapati}} the railway station in [[Bhopal]], the capital city of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Number and nomenclature==
The number allowted for the train is :
*22187 - From [[Bhopal]] to [[Jabalpur]]
*22188 - From [[Jabalpur]] to [[Bhopal]]

Till Nov 2019, It was run as Jabalpur Habibganj Intercity Express with numbered (15259/15260) and after that, it was extended to {{rws|Adhartal}} and renamed as Adhartal Habibganj (now Rani Kamalapati) Intercity Express.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.naidunia.com/jabalpur-news-3531798| website=Jabalpur News| accessdate=5 July 2020| title=अब मदनमहल और अधारताल से भी चलेंगी कई ट्रेनें| trans-title=Many trains will also run from Madan Mahal and Adhartal| date=19 November 2019}}</ref>

==Arrival and departure==
Train no. 22187 departs from Rani Kamalapati daily at 05:10 Hrs, reaching Adhartal, by forenoon at 10:50.
Train no. 22188 departs from Adhartal daily at 16:15 Hrs reaching Rani Kamalapati, the same evening by 22:20

==Routes and halts==
The train goes via [[Itarsi Junction]]. The important halt of the train are :

*'''{{rws|Rani Kamalapati}}'''
*[[Narmadapuram]]
*'''[[Itarsi Junction]]'''
*[[Pipariya railway station|Pipariya]]
*'''[[Gadarwara]]'''
*[[Kareli, Madhya Pradesh|Kareli]]
*'''[[Narsinghpur]]'''
*[[Sri Dham]]
*[[Jabalpur Madan Mahal]]
*'''[[Jabalpur Junction]]'''

==Locomotive==
The train is hauled by a [[WAG-9]] or a [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive of the [[Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi|Itarsi]] Shed.

==Coach composition==
The train consists of 18 coaches as follows:
*2 AC CHAIR CAR
*6 RESERVED CHAIR CAR
*8 UNRESERVED GENERAL SECOND CLASS
*2 SLR COACHES

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/14022 22187 Adhartal Habibganj Intercity Express]
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/adhartal-habibganj-intercity-express-22188/14023/2804/474 22188 Habibganj Adhartal Intercity Express]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adhartal-Habibganj Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhopal]]
[[Category:Transport in Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2002]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]

Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri (community development block)

2025-10-08T00:03:04Z

MyronMullet1862: minor fix article for consistency further and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Jorebunglow Sukiapokhri in Darjeeling (West Bengal).svg
| map_caption = Location in Darjeeling district
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.00|N|88.16|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 222.12
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 113516
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]], [[Kurseong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurseong]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Darjeeling Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Sukhiapokhri is located at {{coord|27.00|N|88.16|E|format=dms|}}.

The snow-clad mountain ranges, a little to the north of the old Darjeeling district, form the main [[Great Himalayas|Himalayan range]]. Ranges/ ridges branching out from the main Himalayas pass through Darjeeling district. To the north-west towers the giant [[Kangchenjunga]] {{convert|28146|ft|abbr=on}} and to the north-east is Dongkya {{convert|23184|ft|abbr=on}}. From Kangchenjunga the [[Singalila Ridge]] slopes down southward forming the border between India and Nepal. [[Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling|Manebhanjyang]], [[Sandakphu]] and [[Phalut]] are popular trekking destinations on this ridge. It continues south and south-east through Tunglu and Senchal and other spurs that form the Darjeeling Hills west of the [[Teesta River|Teesta]]. To the east of the Teesta, a lofty ridge runs south of Dongkya, bifurcating at Gipmochi {{convert|11518|ft|abbr=on}}, forming two spurs that contain the valley of the [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]]. The lower portion of this hilly region forms the Kalimpong Hills. Four great hill ranges radiate from a single point at [[Ghum, West Bengal|Ghum]], a saddle {{convert|7372|ft|abbr=on}} high – the first, the Ghum range running due west to Simanabasti; the second, the Senchal-Mahaldiram range sloping south towards Kurseong, the highest points being East Senchel {{convert|8,600|ft|abbr=on}}, Tiger Hill {{convert|8515|ft|abbr=on}} and West Senchel {{convert|8163|ft|abbr=on}}; the third, the Takdah or Takbu range, sloping north-east to a point above the junction of the Great Rangit and Teesta; the fourth, the Darjeeling Jalapahar Range, extending northwards towards Darjeeling.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/gazetteer/District-Gazetteer.pdf | title = District Gazetteer | work= Pages 5-7 Physical aspects | publisher = Darjeeling District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200222023508/http://darjeeling.gov.in/gazetteer/District-Gazetteer.pdf | archive-date = 22 February 2020}}</ref>

Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block is part of the Darjeeling Himalayas physiographic region. This region is highest in elevation and covers the northernmost part of the district. The [[Singalila Ridge]], the highest mountain range in the district and the state, is part of this region. Sandakphu {{convert|11929|ft|abbr=on}} and Phalut {{convert|11800|ft|abbr=on}} are the highest points in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block is bounded by the [[Darjeeling Pulbazar (community development block)|Darjeeling Pulbazar]] CD block on the north, [[Rangli Rangliot (community development block)|Rangli Rangliot]] and [[Kurseong (community development block)|Kurseong]] CD block on the east, [[Mirik (community development block)|Mirik]] CD block on the south and [[Panchthar District|Panchthar]] and [[Ilam District|Ilam]] districts in [[Province No. 1]] of Nepal on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Map of Darjeeling district on the fifth page| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/nepal/pdf/findexmap.pdf| title = Map of Nepal by district | publisher = Nepal|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block has an area of 222.12 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 16 [[gram panchayat]]s, 198 gram sansads (village councils), 47 [[mouza]]s, 42 inhabited villages and 4 [[census town]]s. [[Jorebunglow#Police station|Jorebunglow]] and [[Sukhiapokhri#Police stations|Sukhiapokhri]] police station serve this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2001>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Darjeeling district (01)| access-date = 12 February 2020| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040244/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| archive-date = 19 July 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Sukhiapokhri]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of District Darjiling with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block are: Dhootria Kalej Valley, Ghoom Khasmahal, Gorabari Margarets Hope, Lingiamaraybong, Lower Sonada II, Munda Kothi, Permaguritamsang, Plungdung, Pokhriabong I, Pokhriabong II, Pokhriabong III, Rangbhang Gopaldhara, Rangbul, Sukhia Simana and Upper Sonada.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/misc/District-Detail.pdf | title = Egiye Bangla Darjeeling | work= Miscellaneous - District Detail| publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block had a total population of 113,516, of which 86,637 were rural and 26,879 were urban. There were 56,232 (50%) males and 57,284 (50%) females. There were 9,313 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 6,415 (5.65%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 34,088 (30.03%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Census town]]s in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Sukhiapokhri]] (4,450), [[Sonada|Sonada Khasmahal]] (11,635), [[Rongmook Ceder Tea Garden]] (5,150) and [[Mangarjung Tea Garden (Nagri)]] (5,644).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Dooteria Tea Garden (5,113) and [[Margaret's Hope Tea Estate|Ringtong Tea Garden (Margaret's Hope)]] (6,025).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Kalej Valley Tea Garden (2,640), Moonda Kotee Tea Garden (3,972), [[Pokhriabong|Pokhribong Khasmahal]] (3,051), [[Gopaldhara Tea Estate|Gopal Dhara Tea Garden]] (2,084), Rangbul (3,916), [[Jorebunglow]] (2,854), [[Mariabong Tea Garden]] (2,404), [[Pussimbing Tea Estate|Pushinbong Tea Garden]] (2,879), [[Poobong Tea Garden]] (2,170), Nahori Tea Garden (Balason) (2,402), [[Sungma Tea Garden|Sagmaru Tea Garden (Sungma)]] (2,229), [[Sungma Tea Garden|Tarzun Tea Garden]] (2,232), Molatey Tea Garden (Aveneroge) (2,285), [[Nagri Farm Tea Garden]] (3,655), [[Dhajea Tea Garden]] (1,394)and [[Tumsong Tea Garden]] (1,700).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block was 86,004 (82.54% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 46, 323 (89.98% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 39,681 (75.26% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.72%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD blocks of Darjeeling district (2011) |collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|67.84}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Yellow|26.15}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christian]]|dodgerblue|4.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Kirat Mundhum]]|red|0.74}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|Green|0.62}}
{{bar percent|Others|Maroon|0.17}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 77,014 and formed 67.84% of the population in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block. Buddhists numbered 29,680 and formed 26.15% of the population. Christians numbered 5,084 and formed 4.48% of the population. Muslims numbered 699 and formed 0.62% of the population. Others numbered 1,039 and formed 0.92% of the population.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}} see Kalimpong-I, Kalimpong-II, Gorubuthan blocks</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 declared that Bengali and Nepali were to be used for official purposes in the three hill subdivisions of Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong in Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf | title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961| publisher = WBJA |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption=Languages of Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value1 = 95.53 |color1 = lightcoral
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 1.16 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value3 = 1.01 |color3 = gold
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.30 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 95.53% of the population spoke [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.12% [[Hindi]] and 1.01% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref name="language"/>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block'''
|value1 = 7.47
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 5.50
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.28
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 84.75
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 2,947 and formed 7.47%, agricultural labourers numbered 2,170 and formed 5.50%, household industry workers numbered 898 and formed 2.28% and other workers numbered 33,419 and formed 84.75%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 39,434 and formed 34.74% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 74,082 and formed 65.26% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 42 inhabited villages in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 21 villages (50.00%) have post offices. 100% villages have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 25 villages (59.52%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 11 villages (26.19%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 1 village (2.38%) has an agricultural credit society and 2 villages (4.76%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 85, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2012–13, there were 1 fertiliser depot, 1 seed store and 35 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block produced 1,568 tonnes of maize from 711 hectares and 3,258 tonnes of potatoes from 239 hectares.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Tea gardens===
[[Darjeeling tea]] "received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour... the first Indian product to be marked with the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag in 2003... As per the definition, "Darjeeling Tea" can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district." Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag.<ref name=tea>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 26: Tea industry of Darjeeling district | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

As of 2009–10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 5.3 (f): Area, production and employment in the tea industry | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=tea/>

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wblc.gov.in/download/Synopsis-of-Tea-Garden-Survey-Final-Report.pdf | title = Synopsis on Survey of Tea Gardens| publisher = Regional Labour Offices under jurisdiction of Joint Labour Commissioner, North Bengal Zone |access-date = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012–13, Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
{{Darjeeling Himalayan Railway|collapse=yes}}
Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block has 4 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 12 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2013/>

[[National Highway 110 (India)|National Highway 110]] /Hill Cart Road passes through Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>

[[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] passes through Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012–13, Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block had 161 primary schools with 9,316 students, 8 middle schools with 2,288 students, 7 high schools with 2,120 students and 5 higher secondary schools with 4,131 students. Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block had 3 general degree colleges with 3,379 students and 392 institutions for special and non-formal education with 6,293 students.<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block, among the 42 inhabited villages, 1 village did not have a school, 37 villages had two or more primary schools, 23 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 394, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Salesian College, Darjeeling|Salesian College]] was established at [[Sonada]] in 1933.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/salesian-college-sonada | title = Salesian College, Sonada| publisher = Careers 360| access-date = 22 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Sonada Degree College]] was established at [[Sonada]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/sonada-degree-college-sonada | title = Sonada Degree College, Sonada| publisher = Careers 360|access-date = 22 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Ghoom-Jorebunglow Degree College|Ghoom Jorebunglow College]] was established in 2004 at [[Ghum, West Bengal|Ghum]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://ghoomjorebunglowcollege.com/ |title = Ghoom Jorebunglow College |publisher= GJC | access-date = 27 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/ghoom-jorebunglow-degree-college-darjeeling |title = Ghoom Jorebunglow Degree College, Darjeeling |publisher= Careers 360 | access-date = 27 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres with total 43 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 36 family welfare subcentres. 559 patients were treated indoor and 18,769 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Sukhiapokhri Block Primary Health Centre, with 25 beds at [[Sukhiapokhri]], is the major government medical facility in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Ghum, West Bengal|Ghum]] (with 6 beds) and Pokhriabong (with 2 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =28 February 2020 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Darjeeling}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Darjeeling district]]

Niralamba Swami

2025-09-23T20:40:27Z

MyronMullet1862:

{{Short description|Indian philosopher and nationalist}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=April 2017}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2017}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Niralamba Swami
| image = Swami Niralamba.jpg
| caption = Niralamba Swami
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_name = Jatindra Nath Banerjee
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1877|11|19}}
| birth_place = [[Channa village|Channa]], [[Bengal]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|9|5|1877|11|19}}
| death_place = [[Channa village|Channa]], [[Bengal]], British India
| order =
| guru = [[Soham Swami]]
| disciples = [[Prajnanapada]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| signature =
| father = Kalidas Bannerjee
| mother = Ashambhabini devi
}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Jatindra Nath Banerjee''' ('''Niralamba Swami''') (19 November 1877 – 5 September 1930) was one of two great Indian nationalists and freedom fighters – along with Aurobindo Ghosh ([[Sri Aurobindo]]) – who dramatically rose to prominence between 1871 and 1910.

==Biography==

Niralamba Swami was born as '''Jatindra Nath Banerjee''' on 19 November 1877 at [[Channa village]] in [[Burdwan]] district.<ref>Sen, Siba Pada, "Dictionary of national biography", Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p.114. Page available: [http://www.google.co.in/books?spell=1&lr=&q=channa,burdwan&btnG=Search+Books]</ref><ref name="google.co.in">University of Burdwan Dept. of History, "History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p. 85. Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=A-ptAAAAMAAJ&q=channa,burdwan]</ref> His father, Kalidas Bannerjee, worked as a government official at Bangaon of Jessore district (now [[North Twenty Four Parganas]]) of [[Bengal]].His early education was completed at the village school. Then he passed FA (First Arts) from [[Burdwan Raj College]], which was then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]<ref name="Durga Das Pvt 1980, p.25">Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, "Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events", Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India. (edition 1985). p.25. Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=bLEZAAAAYAAJ&q=channa,burdwan]</ref> with high marks. He was admitted to B.A. class in the college.

==Freedom struggle==
While at college, Jatindra Nath (Jatindra Nath Banerjee) began developing interest in political activities of [[India]]. He was drawn towards radical and revolutionary methods of attaining independence.

He felt that revolutionary methods were necessary to attain independence and he became the first to preach the adoption of revolutionary methods for attaining independence.<ref>[http://bardhaman.gov.in/histandback.html "Burdwan: History and Background", District Gazetter, Burdwan]</ref><ref name="Jadavpur University 2001 pp.117">Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, "Jadavpur Journal of International Relations", Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp.117 and 122. Page Available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=yRCQAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami]</ref>

For using revolutionary methods, a large army was needed and so martial training of countrymen was essential. So Jatindra Nath left his studies halfway in search of martial training. He tried to get himself enlisted in the British army but did not succeed.

===Baroda===
Having failed to enlist himself in the British army, Jatindra Nath began wandering in search of a job. He reached [[Baroda]]. At Baroda he met Aurobindo Ghose [[Sri Aurobindo]]. Aurobindo was highly impressed by his robust health and helped him in finding a job in the Baroda army. In the year 1897, Jatindra Nath joined the Baroda army as a bodyguard of the king of Baroda.<ref name="google.co.in"/><ref name="Durga Das Pvt 1980, p.25"/><ref>Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), "Calcutta municipal gazette", Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p.127. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xOuNAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami]</ref> He also became an associate of Aurobindo.

Aurobindo began devoting energy towards national activities. When [[Anushilan Samiti]] was formed at Kolkata, Aurobindo sent a request to Jatindra Nath to join the organisation. So Jatindra Nath left his job in Baroda to join [[Anushilan Samiti]]. He became one of its prominent members.

Jatindra Nath's father did not like the fact that his son had left his studies and that he had involved himself in anti-British activities. To divert his son's attention towards family matters, he married him off. But still Jatindra Nath became more deeply involved in the freedom movement of the country.

The [[Alipore bomb case]] and repression of all revolutionary activities in Bengal forced Jatindra Nath lose interest in the nationalist activities. He went back to his native [[Channa village]]. Soon he was married off by his parents to Hiranmoyee.<ref>Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, p.516</ref><ref>[http://motherandsriaurobindo.in/_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-03%20The%20Ashram/Inspiring%20Connections/Jatindranath%20Banerjee/-01_Jatindranath%20%20Banerjee(Swami%20Niralamba).htm Jatindra Nath Banerjee (Niralamba Swami)]</ref>

==Spiritual transformation==

===Early indication===
During his childhood Jatinindra Nath Banerjee was known to be unruly, but as a teenager he became thoughtful. He began to frequently visit the temple of goddess Bishalakshi (another name of the goddess [[Durga]]), where he would sit for hours in deep contemplation.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

===Sannyasa===
After the suppression of revolutionary activities in Bengal, Jatin (Jatinindra Nath Banerjee) went back to his native village. His mind became engrossed in spiritual thoughts. He would frequently visit the temple of Bishalaakshi ('Large-eyed Goddess') and would remain there for hours. He would pray for spiritual strength self-purification and spiritual knowledge. He began to feel the need for a [[guru]]. Meanwhile, his parents died and a daughter was born to him. He felt a deep need to get rid of worldly ties. Consequently, one night he became a wandering monk (i.e. he took [[Sannyasa]]).<ref name="Jadavpur University 2001 pp.117"/><ref>University, Banaras Hindu, "Prajña", Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p.110. Page Available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=jAjRAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami]</ref>

Jatin felt that for gaining spiritual knowledge he needed the help of a guru and hence he began to search for one. He wandered many places in search of a guru but could not find any genuine ones.

===Wanderings===
During his wanderings he reached [[Varanasi]]. There he met a monk who suggested him to go to [[Nainital]] where he (Jatin) would find his destined guru

===Nainital===
When Jatindra Nath reached [[Nainital]] from Varanasi he became very tired and exhausted. Yet he managed to find [[Soham Swami]], his destined [[guru]].<ref>Heehs, Peter, "The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p. 62. Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=G4JuAAAAMAAJ&q=soham+swami]</ref> [[Soham Swami]] had established an [[ashram]] near the bank of a river. He welcomed Jatindra Nath with open arms and made him his disciple on the same day.

Soham Swami was one of the most eminent disciples of Tibbetibaba, the legendary [[yogi]] of India.<ref>Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, "In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition: 1999). p. 94. Page Available [https://books.google.com/books?id=GhpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Tibetan+baba]</ref> He was the author of books like 'Soham Gita', 'Soham Samhita', 'Truth' (this book was the only book written by him in English poetry. It was published in Calcutta, now Kolkata, in 1913) and 'Common Sense.’

In his autobiographical work, ''Why I Am An Atheist'', [[Bhagat Singh]], a prominent freedom fighter, wrongly referred to Niralamba Swami as the author of a book titled ''Common Sense''. Swami in fact wrote only the introduction to it.<ref>'‘Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh'', People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India. ''
Page available: [http://www.boloji.com/spirituality/051.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223020634/http://www.boloji.com/spirituality/051.htm|date=23 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?linkid=32|title = Shaheed Bhagat Singh great martyrs of punjab(India).Shaheed Bhagat Singh was the hero of freedom struggle in india, great freedom fighter of Punjab, great freedom fighter of India, true freedom fighter of Punjab,true freedom fighter of india}}</ref><ref>Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca (Dhaka) (1928). pp. 1–3.</ref><ref>Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co. (edition 1924). p. 33. Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=3uESAAAAIAAJ&q=soham+swami]</ref>

===Haridwar===
Soham Swami asked Jatindra Nath Banerjee to go to [[Haridwar]], where he had established an [[ashram]]. At this place Jatindra Nath began scaling great spiritual heights and finally attained knowledge of [[Brahman]] or God in His form without any attributes.

Soham Swami was very pleased with the spiritual success of Jatindra Nath Banerjee and so he was rechristened with the name of '''Srimat Niralamba Swami'''. But he became popular with the name of '''Niralamba Swami'''.<ref>Majumdar, Bimanbehari, "Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917", General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p.101. Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=BqU9AAAAMAAJ&q=soham+swami]
</ref>

Niralamba Swami now had many admirers and devotees from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Haryana, and regions around [[Delhi]]. His fame for spiritual knowledge and wisdom spread far and wide. After staying in Haridwar for some years he developed a desire to establish an [[ashram]] at [[Channa village]]. He conveyed his request to his guru and was granted the permission to establish an [[ashram]] at his native village.

===Channa village===
After staying in the northern India for many years, Niralamba Swami reached [[Channa village]], his native place. Many people of his village and other nearby villages had gathered to have a glimpse of their famous man. He first visited his home to meet his wife. Through her he came to know that his only child (his daughter) had expired. He managed to convince his wife to spend the rest of her life with him as the Mother of the soon to be constructed ashram at the village. She was re-christened as 'Chinmoyee Devi'.<ref>[http://motherandsriaurobindo.in/_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-03%20The%20Ashram/Inspiring%20Connections/Jatindranath%20Banerjee/-01_Jatindranath%20%20Banerjee(Swami%20Niralamba).htm Motherandsriaurobindo.org]</ref>

Soon an [[ashram]] was constructed by the side of the village river bank and Niralamba Swami began staying at the ashram with his wife and some devotees and disciples.

Niralamba Swami's fame as a great [[Guru]] and a [[yogi]] spread even more in India. His life at the ashram was spent both as a 'bhogi' (enjoyer) and a [[yogi]]. He would daily consume the best quality betel leaves and tobacco available at the time.

It did not remain unknown that the former freedom fighter had become a famous [[yogi]] of India. So many former comrades of Niralamba Swami (formerly Jatindra Nath Banerjee) and many freedom fighters began visiting him for spiritual guidance and inspiration.

Among the notable freedom fighters to have visited Niralamba Swami was the legendary [[Bhagat Singh]]. He had met Niralamba Swami at Channa ashram at [[Channa village]] in the beginning of 1929<ref>Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, "Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p.84. Page Available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=vUduAAAAMAAJ&q=niralamba+swami]</ref>(1927– 1928 according to some).

Another famous person associated with Niralamba Swami was [[Prajnanapada]] (1891–1974).He was popular with the name of '''Swami Prajnanapada'''. He became Niralamba Swami's disciple in 1924–25 at Channa ashram. He also became a monk (took to [[Sannyasa]]).<ref>Prajnanapada, Ramanuja Srinivasan, "Talks with Swami Prajnanapada", Vidya Bhavan, India (edition 1977). Page available: [https://books.google.com/books?id=bwQKAQAAIAAJ&q=CHANNA,BURDWAN]</ref> [[Prajnanapada]] was a follower of [[Advaita Vedanta]] philosophy and taught realisation of Self-knowledge using [[Jñāna]] [[Yoga]] method (the path of self-realisation using knowledge).{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}

Many distinguished persons had also visited Niralamba Swami at his Channa ashram at [[Channa village]]. Among them was Tibbetibaba. Niralamba Swami had hailed Tibbetibaba as one of the greatest exponent of Advaita Vedanta after [[Adi Shankara]].

He died on 5 September 1930.

==Teachings==
*Wake up and realise Self-Consciousness.
*Know yourself. If you do not know yourself, then how can you know your country?
*If you want to get rid of the sufferings of your country, then you have to become strong. To make yourself strong you have to first acquire Self-Knowledge. Self-strength makes human beings to cross difficult deserts and mountains. Nothing is impossible for a race possessing Self-strength

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, pp.&nbsp;500–522
*Grover, G.L. & Grover, S., ''A New Look At Modern Indian History'' (17th ed.), India: S. Chand Publication (2000). {{ISBN|81-219-0532-X}}, pp.&nbsp;283–284.
*Sanyal, Jagadiswar, ''Guide To Indian Philosophy'' (1996 ed.), India: Sribhumi Publishing Company (1999), 79, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata – 700 009.
*Hornby, A S, "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English" (5th ed.), UK: Oxford University Press (1998). {{ISBN|0-19-431445-6}}, pp.&nbsp;1433–175.
*''Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh'', People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
*Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, “In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition: 1999). p.&nbsp;94.
*Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca(Dhaka) (1924). pp.&nbsp;1–3
*Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), “Calcutta municipal gazette”, Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p.&nbsp;127.
*Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, “Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p.&nbsp;84.
*University, Banaras Hindu, “Prajña”, Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p.&nbsp;110.
*Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, “Jadavpur Journal of International Relations”, Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp.&nbsp;117 and 122.
*Indian Bibliographic Centre. Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre
*“Dictionary of Indian biography”, Indian Bibliographic Centre (edition 2000). {{ISBN|81-85131-15-5}}, {{ISBN|978-81-85131-15-3}}. p.&nbsp;32.
*Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, “Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events”, Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India. (edition 1985). p.&nbsp;25.
*Sen, Siba Pada, “Dictionary of national biography”, Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p.&nbsp;114.
*Mukherjee, Uma, “Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee”, Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. (edition 1966). p.&nbsp;101.
*University of Burdwan Dept. of History, “History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p.&nbsp;85.
*Heehs, Peter, “The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p.&nbsp;62.
*Gupta, Gopal Dass, “Glossary and index of proper names in Sri Aurobindo's works”, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, India. (edition 1989). {{ISBN|81-7058-170-2}}, {{ISBN|978-81-7058-170-3}}. p.&nbsp;34
*Majumdar, Bimanbehari, “Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917”, General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p.&nbsp;101.
*Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co.. (edition 1924). p.&nbsp;33.
{{Refend}}
{{Commons}}

{{Indian Independence Movement}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sawmi, Niralamba}}
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Advaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Tibbetibaba]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]

Hasan Nizami

2025-09-23T17:14:48Z

MyronMullet1862: creating first entry w/ infobox - done

{{short description|Persian language poet and historian}}
{{for|the Sufi scholar|Khwaja Hasan Nizami}}

'''Hasan Nizami''' was a [[Persian language]] poet and historian, who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries. He migrated from [[Nishapur]] to [[Delhi]] in India, where he wrote ''Tajul-Ma'asir'', the first official history of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

== Early life ==

Little is known about the family background of Hasan Nizami, since neither him nor his contemporaries provide any such information. The later historians such as [[Mīr-Khvānd]], [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abu'l-Fazl]] and [[Kâtip Çelebi]] call him "Sadru-din Muhammad bin Hasan Nizami". [[Ziauddin Barani]] calls him "Sadr-i-Nizami". According to the 14th century Persian historian [[Hamdallah Mustawfi]], Nizami was a son of Persian poet [[Nizami Aruzi]], but there is no evidence to substantiate this claim.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=40}}

Nizami originally lived in [[Nishapur]], in the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] region of present-day [[Iran]]. When the region became unsafe because of the [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazmian]]-[[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid]] conflict, Nizami visited the [[Imam Reza shrine]] and sought advice from his religious preceptor Muhammad Kufi. Kufi advised him to leave Nishapur and migrate to India.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=40}}

During his journey to India, Nizami fell ill at [[Ghazna]]. He recovered under the care of Shaikh Muhammad Shirazi and Majd-al-Mulk, who held the office of ''Sadr-i-Jahan''. The fact that these important officials extended their hospitality to Nizami indicates that he was either a reputed scholar or came from a reputed family.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=41}}

While in Ghazna, Nizami heard that the [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]], the Ghurid governor of [[Delhi]], was generous towards immigrants. He, therefore, decided to try his luck in Delhi.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=41}}

== ''Tajul-Ma'asir'' ==

Nizami arrived in Delhi, sometime before the assassination of the Ghurid king [[Muhammad of Ghor]] in 1206. Nizami initially stayed with Sharaful-Mulk, who held the office of ''Sadr'' in Delhi. When Nizami was looking for employment, his friends suggested that he compile a history of the Muslim conquest of India, highlighting the achievements of Qutb al-Din Aibak. Soon after the Ghurid king's death, Qutb al-Din became the first ruler of the independent [[Delhi Sultanate]], and issued a [[firman]] towards this objective.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=41}}

Nizami thus started compiling his [[Persian language]] ''Tajul-Ma'asir'', the first official history of the Delhi Sultanate.{{sfn|Nizami|1983|p=55}} Although the book is written in Persian, it suggests that Nizami had a good command over the [[Arabic language]] as well. He wrote in an ornate style characteristic of the [[Arabic poetry]] and prose.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=41}}

Since Nizami was more of a poet than a historian, his work features "flights of imagination". For example, he depicts Central Asian plants blossoming in the desert region around [[Ajmer]]. Nevertheless, his book was well-regarded by medieval historians for its detailed descriptions. The 14th century chronicler [[Ziauddin Barani]] counts him among the trustworthy historians of the Delhi Sultanate.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=42}}

The ''Tajul-Ma'asir'' begins with the [[Second Battle of Tarain]] in which the Ghurids defeated the Hindu king [[Prithviraja III]]. The book doesn't mention the [[First Battle of Tarain]], in which the Ghurids were defeated, as this would have offended Qutb al-Din Aibak.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|pp=41-42}} The book then describes how Qutb al-Din (then a Ghurid general) was awarded the governorship of the newly conquered territory in India. Next, the book provides details about the subsequent military career of Qutb al-Din. The narrative is marred by poetic exaggeration and other irrelevant details, such as the [[astrology|effects of planets]] on living beings.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=43}}

The book provides comprehensive details about the events between 1192 and 1196. Nizami probably compiled this part of the book between 1206 and 1210. However, his coverage of the post-1196 events is not satisfactory. It is possible that Qutb al-din's untimely death in 1210 dashed Nizami's hopes of receiving a royal reward, and reduced his interest in completing the work.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=46}} The book goes on to describe the reign of the next ruler [[Iltutmish]], but this part appears to have been compiled in haste.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2010|p=52}}

Nizami started writing the book in 1205-1206, and completed it sometime after 1229.{{sfn|Jackson|2003|p=7}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Siddiqi |first=Iqtidar Husain |title=Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJbmTL8svpwC&pg=PA40 |year=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-81-908918-0-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Nizami |first=Khaliq Ahmad |title=On history and historians of medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoFDAAAAYAAJ |year=1983 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=9788121501521 |oclc=832916392}}
* {{cite book |author=Jackson |first=Peter |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3}}
{{refend}}
{{wikiquote}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasan Nizami}}
[[Category:13th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to India]]
[[Category:12th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Nishapur]]
[[Category:13th-century Iranian historians]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:13th-century Persian-language poets]]

Chulli

2025-09-21T21:44:09Z

MyronMullet1862: Created a article

{{Short description|Indian alcoholic beverage}}

'''Chulli''' is an [[alcoholic drink]] produced in [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. It is a sweet and fruity alcoholic drink made from [[Apple|apples]] and [[Apricot|apricots]]. It is also known as '''Ghanti''' or '''Kinnauri Ghanti'''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pant |first1=Pushpesh |title=A home-made high |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/a-home-made-high-638237 |publisher=[[Tribune India]] |date=August 19, 2018}}</ref> It is smooth and a very mild drink and can be considered a substitute for [[vodka]]. It can be consumed with water or any other cold drink.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prakasan |first1=Chethana |title=10 places in India that serve the best local alcohol |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/10-places-in-india-that-serve-the-best-local-alcohol-3234592/ |publisher=[[India.com]] |date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> The consumption of Chulli helps to relieve cold and cough.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Anannya |title=7 Local Himalayan Drinks To Try Whenever Next You Travel To The Mountains |url=https://www.idiva.com/lifestyle/food/7-local-himalayan-beverages-to-try-whenever-you-get-to-travel-to-the-mountains-next/18021999#Lugdi_in_Manali |publisher=iDiva |date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> It also has some healing properties.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duttagupta |first1=Samonway |title=From Chhaang in Ladakh to Chulli in Himachal, local drinks you must try when you travel next |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/experiences/story/local-drink-travel-india-tourism-goa-feni-sikkim-tongba-kerala-toddy-gujarat-sosyo-lifetr-342759-2016-09-23 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=September 23, 2016}}</ref> Dried wild apricots and apples are used to prepare the transparent Chulli. It is a popular beverage among the Kinnauri tribe of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramanan |first1=J. |last2=Ramanan |first2=Vrinda |title=What's brewing up the Himalayas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/whats-brewing-up-the-himalayas/article27080834.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=May 9, 2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Lugdi]]
* [[Chuak]]
* [[List of Indian drinks]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Liquor|Drink|India}}
{{Indian drinks}}
{{Alcohol in India}}
{{Alcoholic beverages}}
{{Indian beverages}}
{{Beers of the world}}
{{Prohibition |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Indian alcoholic beverages]]
[[Category:Indian distilled drinks]]
[[Category:Traditional Indian alcoholic beverages]]
[[Category:Adulteration]]
[[Category:Alcohol in India]]
{{drink-stub}}