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Krishnadas Payahari

2026-05-07T19:05:30Z

Mvjceng: Started

{{Short description|16th-century Ramanandi Hindu religious leader}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Krishnadas Payahari
| image = File:Galta ji temple surrounded by hills on all sides..jpg
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| guru = Bhakt Anantananda
| literary_works = ''Brahmgita'', ''Premtattva Nirupan'', ''Jugalman Charit''
| sect = [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramanandi]] [[Sri Vaishnavism]] (deity Rama), [[Hinduism]]
| honors = ''Payahari Baba''
| known_for =
| disciples = ''Shri Bhagwanji'' of [[Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji|Pindori dham]],
''[[Kilhadev|Shri Kilhadeva]]'' of [[Galtaji|Galtaji dham]],
''Shri Agradasji'' of Raiwasa dham,
''Raja Prithvi Singh'' of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]] and his wife ''Rani Apurva Devi'', ''[[Bawa Lal Dayal]]'' of [[Dhianpur|Dhianpur Dham]], ''[[Baba Ram Thaman Shrine|Baba Ram Thaman]]'' of [[Kasur]]
}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Krishnadas Payahari''' ({{langx|sa|कृष्णदास पयहारी|Kṛṣṇadās Payahārī|lit= }}), also known as '''Payahari Baba''' was a Ramanandi Hindu saint and disciple of Anantananda, one of the twelve disciple of [[Ramananda]] (the founder of [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bakshi |first=Shiri Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22puAAAAMAAJ&q=Krishnadas+Payohari |title=Jaipur State Rulers and Their Diplomacy |date=2000 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7629-223-8 |language=en |quote=Payohari Krishnadas was the disciple of Anantananda who was a disciple of Ramananda, the founder of the Rama Bhakti school in northern India . In the Galta Gaddi Payohariji was succeeded by his disciple Kilhadevaji who in turn was...}}</ref> Krishnadas Payohari was the founder and first [[Mahant]] of Gaddi of [[Galtaji|Galtaji dham]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Dalmia |first1=Vasudha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnvXAAAAMAAJ&q=Krishnadas+Payohari |title=Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent |last2=Malinar |first2=Angelika |last3=Christof |first3=Martin |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565453-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=The Rāmānandīs of Galta were the custodians of the famous monastery situated on the hill of Galta (near Jaipur) which had been founded by Krishnadas Payohari in the sixteenth century, the guru of Prithvi Singh of Amber.}}</ref> Jaipur (one of the 36 ''Dwara''/Gates of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishanavism]] held by Ramanandis). He came to Galta early in the 16th century.<ref name="Rajsthanthroughtheages4">{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=R. K.|last2=Bakshi|first2=S. R.|title=Rajsthan through the ages - Vol 4. Jaipur rulers and administrators|year=2008|publisher=Sarup & sons|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|pages=118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLQeSBLpUwsC}}</ref> He was the guru of [[Prithvi Singh I|Prithvi Singh]], ruler of [[Jaipur State|Amber]] (Jaipur) and his wife Apurva Devi (Bala Bai).<ref name=":0" /> He was also guru of Raja Jagat Singh of [[Kullu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official website for Kullu Dussehra|url=http://kulludussehra.hp.gov.in/history-of-kullu-dussehra/|access-date=2021-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Life ==
Krishnadas Payahari was born in a ''Dahima Brahmin''<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Garland of devotees: Nābhādās' Bhaktamāl and modern Hinduism |url=https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VH5TN9 |publisher=Columbia University |date=2011 |doi=10.7916/d8vh5tn9 |language=en |first=James P. |last=Hare}}</ref> ([[Dadheech Brahmins|Dadhich Brahmin]]) family of Rajasthan. He was a followed [[Brahmacharya|bramcharya]] right from his childhood. It is believed that he used to consume only milk for his sustenance since his birth, hence he was also known as ''Payahari/Payohari'', literally meaning one who thrives on milk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पयहारी कृष्‍णदास |url=http://hi.krishnakosh.org/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=hi.krishnakosh.org |language=hi |quote=पयहारी कृष्‍णदास जी गालव-ऋषि आश्रम के प्रसिद्ध संत थे। आपने आजन्‍म पय (दूध) का ही आहार किया, जिससे आप पयहारीबाबा के नाम से विख्‍यात हैं। आपकी जाति दाहिमा (दाधीच) ब्राह्मण थी। आप बालब्रह्मचारी थे। उदासीनता (वैराग्‍य) की तो पयहारी कृष्‍णदा मर्यादा ही थे। |archive-date=2019-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209022141/http://hi.krishnakosh.org/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Bhaktamal]]'' (lit. rosary/garland of devotees) written by [[Nabha Dass]] mentions an incident about life of Krishnadas Payahari where he showed his disciple, Prithviraj Kachhawaha, darshan of [[Krishna|Dwarikanath Krishna]] while remaining in Amber.{{Blockquote|<poem>आमेर अछत कूरम कौ द्वारिकानाथ दरसन दियौ। श्रीकृष्णदास उपदेस, परम तत्त्व परचौ पायौ॥

The Lord of Dvārikā gave darśana to Pṛthvīrāja Kachavāhā while he remained in Amer. Kṛṣṇadāsa Payahāri gave him upadeśa and caused him to know the highest essence."
</poem>|Bhaktamala<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nābhādāsa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk4hAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8,+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A5%A5 |title=Śrībhaktamāla |date=1962 |publisher=Tejakumāra-Presa Bukaḍipo |language=hi |quote=आमेर अछत कूरम कौ द्वारिकानाथ दरसन दियौ। श्रीकृष्णदास उपदेस, परम तत्त्व परचौ पायौ॥}}</ref>}}

== Lineage ==
Krishnadas Payahari belonged to Ramanandi sampradaya and was a disciple of ''Anantananda'' who was one of the twelve disciples of Ramananda''.''<ref name=":1" /> Krishnadas Payahari had twenty three main disciples out of whom the three prominent were Agradas, Kilhadev and Bhagwan of [[Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji|Pandori dham]] in Gurdaspur. Agradas became guru of the Vaishnav saint Nabha dass who was the author of ''Bhaktamal''.

In ''Bhaktamal'', while explaining the lineage of [[Tulsidas]], the author of [[Ramcharitmanas|''Ramacharitmanas'']], Nabha das makes a mention of Krishnadas Payahari and indirectly his lineage too.

{{Blockquote|<poem>अनंतानंद पद परसि के लोकपालसे ते भये । गयेश करमचंद अल्ह पयहारी ॥
सारीरामदास श्रीरंग अवधि गुण महिमा भारी । तिनके नरहरि उदित ॥

“By touching the feet of Anantānand, his disciples Gayēśa, Karamachand, Alhadās, Krishnadas Payahārī, Sārīrāmadās, śrīrangāchārya became equal to Loka-paals in virtues and glory! Thereafter Narharidās appeared as the disciple of śrīrangāchārya.”
</poem>|[Bhakta-maal, Chhappay 37 by Nabha das ji]
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goswāmi Tulasīdās |url=https://lordrama.co.in/goswami-tulsidas.html |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=lordrama.co.in |language=en}}</ref>}}

It is said that the Ramanandi saint of Punjab ''Shri Bhagwanji'' became disciple Krishnadas Payahari ji, who initiated him into Ramanandi tradition.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Burchett |first=Patton E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASd2DwAAQBAJ&dq=Pindori&pg=PT162 |title=A Genealogy of Devotion: Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga, and Sufism in North India |date=2019-05-28 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-54883-0 |language=en |quote=According to the tradition of Pindori Dhām, a major Rāmānandī center in the Gurdaspur district of Panjab, the young Bhagvān-jī met Kṛṣṇadās Payahārī at Galta while on a pilgrimage. Payahārī is said to have converted him to Vaiṣṇavism}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Krishnadas is remembered as the first Ramanandi who established the Ramanandi centre at Galtaji in Rajasthan and hence strengthened ''Ram Bhakti'' (devotion of the god [[Rama]]) in [[Northern India]]. The memory of Krishnadas Payahari's influence as a Vaishnav saint is one that extends even beyond Galta in Rajasthan and the [[Kullu Valley]] in Himachal.

=== Founder of Galtaji Peeth ===
Built within a mountain pass in the [[Aravalli Hills]] 10 km east of [[Jaipur]], located is the shrine of Galtaji peeth which is one of the 52 ''dwaras'' (gates) of Vaishnavism. Since the early 15th century Galtaji had been a retreat for Hindu [[Asceticism|ascetics]] belonging to the [[Vaishnava]] Ramanandi Samaprdaya. Payahari Krishnadas came to Galta in the early 15th century and became head of Galta gaddi replacing earlier [[yogi]]s in the place. The fame and popularity of Galtaji increased and it has become a major pilgrimage for Ramanandi Hindus.

=== Establishment of Sita-Rama and Narasimha icons ===
Krishnadas Payahari was instrumental in establishing two deities: Sita-Rama (Rama with his consort Sita) and [[Narasimha]]''.'' Sita-Rama was one of the four deities which protected, secured and legitimized [[Kachhwaha|Kachawaha]] rulers. The icon of Sita-Rama is to this day housed at ''Sita-Ram-dwara'' located in the precincts of [[City Palace, Jaipur|City Palace of Jaipur]].

The image of Narasimha, which was presented to Raja Prithvi Singh of Amber, is housed at old fort of Amber.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Taknet |first1=D. K. |author-link=D. K. Taknet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tCeDAAAQBAJ&dq=Krishnadas+Payohari&pg=PA35 |title=Jaipur: Gem of India |last2=IntegralDMS |date=2016-07-07 |publisher=IntegralDMS |isbn=978-1-942322-05-4 |language=en |quote=Images of Narasimha were presented to him by the abbot of Galtaji, Sant Krishna Das Payohari, and can be seen today enshrined at the Narasimha temple located in the old fort of Amber.}}</ref>

=== Initiation of Bhagwan of Pandori dham, Gurdaspur, Punjab ===
As per Ramanandi tradition, Krishnadas Payahari selected a local [[Dogras|Dogra]] Khajuria Brahmin known as Bhagwan, to spread Vaishnavism in [[Punjab]] plains and Hindu hill states of [[Jammu division|Jammu]] and [[Himachal Pradesh|Himachal]]. Bhagwan was born at [[Kahnuwan]] in [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] and established the Ramanandi centre at Pandori Mahantan village, also located in Gurdaspur. During his childhood, Bhagwan went to Galtaji for pilgrimage, where he met Krishnadas Payahari. Krishnadas initiated him into Ramanandi Vaishnavism and made him a disciple.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Fenech, L. E. (2020). The Image of Guru Nanak in Dadu-Panthi Sources. Religions, 11(10), 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100518. Retrieved on 7 May 2026 from: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/11/10/518</ref>

=== Institutionalizing Kullu Dussehra ===
The [[Kullu Dussehra]] tradition has links with Ramanandi traditions of Krishnadas Payahari and his disciple of Bhagwan of Gurdaspur. Krishnadas managed to persuade Raja Jagat Singh of Kullu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanika Agarwal |date=2013-08-23 |title=Kullu Dussehra: Divine assembly |url=https://www.ixigo.com/kullu-dussehra-divine-assembly-story-1105631 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=ixigo Travel Stories |language=en-US |quote=The story goes that a Vaishnav saint, Krishnadas, advised Raja Jagat Singh (1637-62) of Kullu to somehow obtain the idols of Lord Ram and Sita, which were enshrined in Ayodhya’s Tretanath Temple, if he wished to be cured of leprosy.}}</ref> to bring Raghunath murti (from ''Tretanath temple'' [[Ayodhya]]), in whose honour Kullu Dusshera is celebrated. He also established a centre at [[Naggar]] in Kullu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=BANERJEE |first=P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvCSDwAAQBAJ&q=Pindori+kullu&pg=PR130 |title=THE LIFE OF KRISHNA IN INDIAN ART |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-3008-1 |language=en |quote=He is said to have also gone to Kullu and established a center at Nagar}}</ref>

== Disciples ==
Krishnadas Payahari's disciples included famous personalities in Ramanandi Hindu history. Many of his disciples were from Jammu, Himachal & Punjab region.

# [[Kilhadev]]a was his prominent disciple who later on became second head of Galtaji peeth.
# Agradeva who is associated with Raiwasa dham and who was guru of Nabha Dass was also Payahari's foremost disciple.
# Bhagwanji, a Dogra Khajuria Brahmin, was the founder of [[Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji|Thakurdwara at Pandori dham]] in Gurdaspur, Punjab.
# [[Bawa Lal Dayal]], a Hindu Ramanandi Khatri saint from Punjab and founder of [[Dhianpur]] Dham and several daughter branches in India.
# [[Baba Ram Thaman Shrine|Ram Thaman]], a Hindu Ramanandi Khatri from Punjab who was founder of Ramanandi seat in West Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=संत परंपरा: वैष्णव भक्ति केंद्र गलताजी मठ |url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/galtaji-peetha-located-hills-of-aravali-one-of-the-gates-of-saint-swami-ramanandji-established-tradition-of-vaishnava-devotion-in-north-india/1458889/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Jansatta |language=hi |quote=गुरु नानक जी के मौसेरे भाई और रामानंदी संत बाबा राम थमन जी भी कृष्णदास पायोहारी की परंपरा से ही थे। बाबा राम थमन जी ने वर्तमान पाकिस्तान में कसूर से 20 किलोमीटर दूरी पर कालूखेड़ा नामक स्थान पर एक मठ की स्थापना की थी। स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व देश में बैसाखी पर सबसे बड़ा मेला इसी मठ पर भरता था।}}</ref>
# Raja Prithviraj of [[Amber Fort|Amber]] who was father of Bharmal.
# Rani Apoorva Devi, wife of Raja Prthiviraj of Amber.

== Literary works ==
There are three texts which have been attributed to Krishnadas Payahari and these include: ''Brahmgita'', ''Premtatva Nirupan'', ''Jugalman Charit''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Dr Bhagwati Prasad |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.401266 |title=Rambhakti Me Rasik Sampraday |date=1957}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Hinduism|India|Religion|Philosophy}}
* [[Ramananda]]charya
* [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]]
* [[Kilhadev]]a
* [[Galtaji|Galta ji dham]]
* [[Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji]]
* [[Nabha Dass|Goswami Nabha Das]]
* [[Bhaktamal]]a

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]

Kumbhari, Solapur

2026-05-01T15:39:39Z

Mvjceng: New

{{Short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kumbhari
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = Maharashtra#India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|39|00|N|75|59|18|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of taluks of Maharashtra|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Solapur district|Solapur]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Solapur South]]
| government_type = [[Gram panchayat]]
| area_total_km2 = 57.4
| elevation_m = 480
| population_total = 31044
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Local
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 413006
| area_code = 0217
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD code]]
| registration_plate = MH-62
}}
'''Kumbhari''' is a village in [[Solapur district]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It lies on the suburbs of [[Solapur]], about 12 kilometres east of the city center. As per the 2011 census, the village had a population of 31,044.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Population finder 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=25 October 2023 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Kumbhari is situated on the crossroads of [[National Highway 150E (India)|National Highway 150E]] and [[National Highway 465 (India)|National Highway 465]], with the Kumbhari Lake on the south of the village. It has an average elevation of 480 metres above the sea level, and covers an area of 5740 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumbhari topographic map, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-3lsp9m/Kumbhari/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Topographic maps |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/832/download/36196/DH_2011_2730_PART_A_DCHB_SOLAPUR.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Maharashtra District Census Handbook Solapur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Maharashtra |page=556 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kumbhari had a total of 31,044 inhabitants, of which 15,470 are male and 15,574 are female. The working population accounted for 50.91% of the total population. The overall literacy was 64.57%, with 11,270 of the male population and 8,775 of the female population being literate.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Villages in Solapur district]]

Centre for Socio-economic and Environmental Studies

2026-04-30T01:02:21Z

Mvjceng: started new post...

{{short description|Non-profit research institute in Kerala, India}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Centre for Socio-economic and Environmental Studies
| logo = Logo-CSES.png
| logo_size = 50
| abbreviation = CSES
| type = Independent, Non-profit, Non-governmental organisation
| purpose = Promoting policy and action oriented research, consultancy and training programmes.
| location = [[Kochi, Kerala]], India
| website = {{URL|csesindia.org}}
}}
The '''Centre for Socio-economic and Environmental Studies''' (CSES), founded in 1996, is an independent, [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]], research institute based at [[Kochi, Kerala]], [[India]].[http://csesindia.org/]

== Key research areas ==
The centre has made significant contributions in the following priority areas:

=== Governance and public service delivery ===
A major area of interest of CSES is how services are delivered to the general public by government agencies. From time to time, CSES has looked into service delivery of various public agencies, including government schools, health care facilities, [[anganwadi]]s, welfare institutions, [[local government]]s and government offices. Through this research, CSES has identified service delivery parameters important to the citizens and developed performance indicators across these parameters that facilitate evaluation over time. Most of these studies are commissioned by various Government agencies including the [[Modernising Government Programme|Modernising Government Program]] (MGP), Kerala Local Government Service Delivery Project (KLGSDP)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kusdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/KLGSDP-End-line-Study.pdf|title=Endline Study of the Kerala Local Government Service Delivery Project|last=CSES|first=Centre for Socio-economic & Environmental Studies|date=November 2017|website=Kerala Urban Service Delivery Project|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> and the [[Administrative Reforms Commission]] (ARC) of the Government of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arc.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/Towards%20People%20Centric%20%20Service%20Delivery%20%28Land%20Revenue%2C%20Survey%20and%20Land%20Records%2C%20Registration%2C%20Food%20and%20Civil%20Supplies%20and%20Police%29%20-%20.pdf|title=Towards People Centric Service Delivery: Land Revenue, Survey & Land Records, Registration, Food & Civil Supplies and Police.|last=V.S|first=Achuthanandan|date=March 2020|website=Administrative Reforms Commission, Government of Kerala|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923180523/http://www.arc.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/Towards%20People%20Centric%20%20Service%20Delivery%20%28Land%20Revenue%2C%20Survey%20and%20Land%20Records%2C%20Registration%2C%20Food%20and%20Civil%20Supplies%20and%20Police%29%20-%20.pdf |archive-date=2020-09-23 |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> The studies on water governance conducted for the [[World Bank]] and Jalanidhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://documents.albankaldawli.org/curated/ar/133041577206413825/pdf/India-Second-Kerala-Rural-Water-Supply-and-Sanitation-Project-Jalanidhi-II.pdf|title=Second Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Jalanidhi II)|last=|first=|date=20 December 2019|website=The World Bank|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

=== Poverty and social exclusion ===
The [[Kerala model|Kerala Model of Development]] which won accolades for high social development with low economic growth, also had its "outliers" or sections of the society that the development bypassed; namely the Scheduled Tribes and the Fisher-folk. Bringing the issues faced by such [[Social exclusion|marginalized]] sections into mainstream academic and policy-level discourse is an objective that CSES has persistently followed. Research at CSES also addresses issues of other groups of [[Marginalised|marginalized]] sections in the society such as the rural and urban poor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/aug/26/money-lending-guests-cash-in-on-urban-poverty-510297.html|title=Money-lending 'guests' cash in on urban poverty|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref> [[migrant worker]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/20120507-kerala-malayalis-gulf-labourers-crisis-758191-2012-04-28|title=Kerala turns into Gulf for migrants|orig-date=28 April 2012|first=M. G. |last=Radhakrishnan|date=7 May 2012|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's That Man In The Angadi? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/whos-that-man-in-the-angadi/297328|last=Ittyipe|first=Minu|date=27 June 2016|website=Outlook India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618000011/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/whos-that-man-in-the-angadi/297328 |archive-date=2016-06-18 |access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref> [[Old age|elderly]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://swd.kerala.gov.in/DOCUMENTS/Report/Annual%20Report/FUNCTIONINGO_1458715644.pdf|title=A study on the Functioning of Maintenance Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals for the Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens|last=Kumar|first=N. Ajith|date=October 2015|website=Department of Social Justice, Kerala|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023212015/http://swd.kerala.gov.in/DOCUMENTS/Report/Annual%20Report/FUNCTIONINGO_1458715644.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-23 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> and [[Disability|disabled]]. For instance, studies on alternative [[education]], [[Tribal Health Initiative|tribal health]], education of migrant children, management of household finances by poor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/RPOTC070513FL.pdf|title=How the Poor Manage Their Finances: A Study of the Portfolio Choices of Poor Households in Ernakulam District, Kerala|last=George|first=K.K.|date=April 2013|website=Reserve Bank of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020060717/https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/RPOTC070513FL.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-20 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=N. J.|date=2013-06-17|title=Kerala agriculture faces crisis|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-agriculture-faces-crisis/article4822471.ece|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Debt|indebtedness]] among rural poor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/141119/rural-kerala-struggles-to-service-debt-burden.html|title=Rural Kerala struggles to service debt burden|date=2019-11-14|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harigovind|first=Abhinaya|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/over-88-bpl-householdsin-state-in-debt-survey/article29997395.ece|title=Over 88% BPL householdsin State in debt: survey|date=2019-11-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ദരിദ്ര കുടുംബങ്ങളില്‍ ഞെട്ടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന കടബാധ്യത|url=https://dhanamonline.com/economy/debt-in-poor-families-living-in-kerala-villages/|date=2020-02-08|website=Dhanam|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ഗ്രാമങ്ങളിലെ 88 ശതമാനം ദരിദ്രകുടുംബങ്ങളും കടക്കെണിയിൽ|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/village-family-issue-kerala-news/648845|website=Madhyamam|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ദരിദ്രര്‍ വാണിജ്യബാങ്കുകളേക്കാള്‍ ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നത് സഹകരണ സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളെ: റിസര്‍വ്വ് ബാങ്ക് പഠനം|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/special/poor-depends-more-on-cooperatives-than-commercial-banks-reserve-bank-study/603580|website=Deshabhimani|language=ml|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=കേരളത്തിന്റെ ഗ്രാമീണ മേഖലയിലെ ദരിദ്ര കുടുംബങ്ങളില്‍ മൂന്നിലൊന്നും അമിത കടബാധ്യത അനുഭവിക്കുന്നവര്‍; വായ്പയെടുക്കുന്നതില്‍ സ്ത്രീകള്‍ ബഹുദൂരം പിന്നില്‍|url=https://www.doolnews.com/one-third-of-people-in-kerala-s-rural-area-in-high-debt-deep-report622.html|website=DoolNews|language=ml|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> welfare legislation for vulnerable groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arc.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/ARC-3rd%20Report-%20Report%203%20-%20Welfare%20to%20Rights.pdf|title=Welfare to Rights: Implementation of Select Legislations - A Review|date=October 2018|website=Administrative Reforms Commission|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104113626/http://www.arc.kerala.gov.in:80/sites/default/files/inline-files/ARC-3rd%20Report-%20Report%203%20-%20Welfare%20to%20Rights.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-04 |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>

=== Public finance ===
Right from its inception, public finance was one of the core areas of research activity at the centre. Issues related to state finances and [[fiscal federalism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/3608075/2015-05-26/kerala|title=Kerala News - ധനകാര്യ കമ്മീഷന്‍: കേരളത്തിന് ഗുണകരമല്ലെന്ന് വിദഗ്ദ്ധര്‍ |website=archives.mathrubhumi.com|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref>- fiscal powers of the central, state and local governments are some of the key research topics pursued in this area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/may/26/finance-panel-fund-devolution-has-hit-state-765731.html|title='Finance Panel Fund Devolution Has Hit State'|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/study-moots-fiscal-reforms/article3386678.ece|title=Study moots fiscal reforms|date=2012-05-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatogether.org/keralbudg-environment|title=India Together: Kerala going greener - 04 March 2010|website=indiatogether.org|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref> The centre has examined the implications of the recommendations of successive Central [[Finance Commission]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/apr/10/kerala-stands-to-lose-rs-7800-crore-if-15th-finance-commissions-terms-of-reference-is-implemented-1799308.html|title='Kerala stands to lose Rs 7,800 crore if 15th Finance Commission's Terms of Reference is implemented'|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/080418/kerala-may-lose-rs-16000-crore-funds.html|title=Kerala may lose Rs 16,000 crore funds|last=Sethunath|first=K. P.|date=2018-04-08|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref>

=== Decentralization ===
Another major area of research where CSES has done various studies is that of [[Decentralization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/kerala-showing-way-in-decentralisation/128834/|title=Kerala showing way in decentralisation|date=2005-03-08|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref>

=== Education ===
[[Education]] has been a major research theme of CSES ever since its inception. Being located in Kerala, a region which received national and international attention for its achievement in the field of education, CSES has tried to develop an insider's perspective of the strengths and weaknesses of State's education system right from pre-school education to professional and higher education.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-06-06|title=Tracking the winds of change|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/tracking-the-winds-of-change/article2080034.ece|access-date=2020-05-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Broadly, CSES studies examined the social, economic, financial and management aspects of the education sector. Some of the specific aspects examined include exclusionary trends in the education sector,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mushrooming of SFCs a blessing in disguise for u|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2011/may/09/mushrooming-of-sfcs-a-blessing-in-disguise-for-u-251404.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> education of marginalized groups such as children from tribal families, children with disabilities and children of migrant labor, entry barriers to professional and higher education, private cost of education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Private Cost of Medical and Para-Medical Education in Kerala|url=http://www.cds.ac.in/krpcds/publication/downloads/84.pdf|last=Kumar|first=N. Ajith|date=2004|website=Centre for Development Studies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031223408/http://www.cds.ac.in/krpcds/publication/downloads/84.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-31 |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Labor and migration ===
Labor studies is a prominent research theme pursued at the CSES particularly with a focus on [[Wage labour|labor]] market transformation in the state of Kerala. CSES conducted a pioneering study on interstate labor migration to Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Labour Migration to Kerala: A Study of Tamil Migrant Labourers in Kochi|url=http://www.shram.org/uploadFiles/20121218074417.pdf|last=K.S.|first=Surabhi|date=2007|website=Shram|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818222013/http://www.shram.org:80/uploadFiles/20121218074417.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-18 |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala is a mini-Gulf for migrant workers|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/Kerala-is-a-mini-Gulf-for-migrant-workers/article20179117.ece|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> Of late, with increasing long-distance labor inflows to Kerala, CSES has been focusing on research to assess [[Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]] encountered by migrant workers,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imagine There Is No Migrant|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/imagine-there-is-no-migrant/300775|last=Jha|first=Giridhar|date=29 October 2018|website=Outlook India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019102038/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/imagine-there-is-no-migrant/300775 |archive-date=2018-10-19 |access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Martin|first=K. a|date=2015-07-01|title=Out of record books, open to exploitation|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/out-of-record-books-open-to-exploitation/article7373107.ece|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> education of migrant children and social protection programs available and accessible to them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Experts urge Kerala to set up migrant worker welfare board|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Experts-urge-Kerala-to-set-up-migrant-worker-welfare-board/article20402273.ece|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> Apart from the studies on interstate labor migration, CSES focuses on international labor migration.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-05-05|title=Robust rupee hits Kerala economy hard: Study|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/robust-rupee-hits-kerala-economy-hard-study/articleshow/3012975.cms|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-05-12|title=NRIs seek compensation for rupee appreciation|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/nris-seek-compensation-for-rupee-appreciation/articleshow/3032777.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cashing out of the money order economy - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cashing-out-of-the-money-order-economy/242464/|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Daily NRI Remittances Through Banks Almost Double|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu-business-line/20130611/281797101551126|via=PressReader|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>

=== Urban development ===
Impact and implications of [[urbanization]] is a cross-cutting theme addressed in several research projects of CSES. In an effort to better understand facets of [[urbanization]], CSES has undertaken a research study on the [[commuting]] pattern for work in Kochi which captures how [[mobilities|mobility]] requirements of those commuting daily to the city are side-lined in [[Urban planning|city planning]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patterns of Commuting for Work: A Case Study of Kochi City|url=http://cds.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RULSG-5.pdf|last=Goswami|first=Baishali|date=September 2015|website=Centre for Development Studies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829050613/http://cds.edu:80/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RULSG-5.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-29 |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-03-27|title=Commuter-friendly public transport system need of the hour, says study|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/commuterfriendly-public-transport-system-need-of-the-hour-says-study/article7038413.ece|access-date=2020-05-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Demography and health ===
Dynamics of Kerala's [[demographic transition]]— high [[life expectancy]], low [[Infant mortality|infant]], [[Child mortality|child]] and [[Maternal Mortality|maternal mortality]], decreasing share of children and increasing share of elderly in the [[human population|population]] —has been a focus of research at the CSES. These demographic issues are explored to identify changes observed, adaptations required in social sectors of education and [[health]] and in relation to the population pressure on land.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-07-30|title=People and land — the shifting sands in Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-propertyplus/people-and-land-the-shifting-sands-in-kerala/article2306935.ece|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Health is a domain where CSES has worked extensively across regions, by conducting various rounds of District Level Household Survey on Reproductive<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2010-02-09|title=Caesarean section on the rise in Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Caesarean-section-on-the-rise-in-Kerala/article16813395.ece|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Instant delivery|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20100222-instant-delivery-742053-2010-02-11|date=11 February 2010|first=M. G. |last=Radhakrishnan|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and Child Health, Global Adult Tobacco Survey<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Adult Tobacco Survey (second round)|url=https://ntcp.nhp.gov.in/assets/document/surveys-reports-publications/Global-Adult-Tobacco-Survey-Second-Round-India-2016-2017.pdf|date=28 May 2018|website=National Tobacco Control Programme|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428041725/https://ntcp.nhp.gov.in/assets/document/surveys-reports-publications/Global-Adult-Tobacco-Survey-Second-Round-India-2016-2017.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-28 |access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref> and Global Youth Tobacco Survey<ref>{{Cite web|title=നാലാംഘട്ട ഗ്ലോബല്‍ യൂത്ത് ടുബാക്കോ സര്‍വ്വേയ്ക്ക് കേരളത്തില്‍ തുടക്കമായി|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/global-youth-tobacco-survey/822964|website=Deshabhimani|language=ml|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> in different states. CSES has also conducted studies on the provision of health care services by the government and health care utilization, health care expenditure and health outcomes of the general population as well as vulnerable sections such as [[Woman|women]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=First World Suffering|url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/first-world-suffering/|last=Polanki|first=Pallavi|date=17 February 2010|website=Open Magazine|access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The trance of birth energy|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/sep/30/the-trance-of-birth-energy-191354.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>

=== Gender ===
Apart from undertaking researches exclusively on women's issues viz. health, livelihood and employment, [[gender]] has figured as a major component in various studies of CSES.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-04-05|title=Gender difference beneficial to women |language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoGender-difference-beneficial-to-women/article16014896.ece|access-date=2020-05-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Kochi]]
[[Category:Think tanks based in India]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1996]]

Murali Naik Bhukya

2026-04-28T14:16:32Z

Mvjceng: Started some biography needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
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| office =Member of the Telangana Legislative Assembly
| term_start = December 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor =[[Banoth Shankar Nayak]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
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| children =
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}}
'''Murali Naik Bhukya''' (born 1966) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana State|Telangana state]]. He is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mahabubabad Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for ST community, in [[Mahabubabad district]]. He represents the [[Indian National Congress]] Party and was elected in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=dr murali naik bhukya telangana dr-murali-naik-bhukya-mahabubabad candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP News |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/dr-murali-naik-bhukya-telangana-mahabubabad-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mahabubabad Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Dr. Murali Naik Bhukya with 116644 defeats BRS's Banoth Shankar Naik |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/mahabubabad-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471015-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections Results 2023: Check full and final list of winners here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-assembly-elections-result-2023-who-won-it-for-congress-brs-and-others-complete-list-of-leading-candidates/articleshow/105701666.cms |access-date=2024-07-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Naik is from [[Mahabubabad]]. He was born to Mangya Naik Bhukya in 1966. He is a medical doctor. He also married a doctor. He did his M.B.B.S. at [[Osmania Medical College]] in 1994. Later, he completed his [[Master of Surgery]] from [[Pondicherry University]], [[JIPMER]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Murali Naik Bhukya(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MAHABUBABAD (ST)(MAHABUBABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=168 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Naik was elected in the [[Mahabubabad Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 116,644 votes, and defeated his nearest rival and two time MLA, Banoth Shankar Naik of the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] by a margin of 50,171 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Murali Naik Bhukya, INC Candidate from Mahabubabad Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/telangana/dr-murali-naik-bhukya-assembly-candidate-s29aed2008a102e2023c003/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Dr. Murali Naik Bhukya : Mahabubabad (ST) Constituency, Telangana Assembly Election {{!}} Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/telangana-elections/dr-murali-naik-bhukya-candidate-32222 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714105004/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/telangana-elections/dr-murali-naik-bhukya-candidate-32222 |archive-date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mahabubabad Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Dr. Murali Naik Bhukya Wins From Mahabubabad |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/mahabubabad-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-trs-bjp-congress-aimim-telangana-assembly-election-results-news-1647318 |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik Bhukya, Murali}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:People from Mahabubabad district]]

Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple

2026-04-25T12:28:06Z

Mvjceng:

{{Short description|Hindu building in Vellore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple
| native_name = Thirupuram
| native_name_lang =
| image = Sripuram Temple Multiple Views.gif
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =

| religious_affiliation =
| deity = [[Lakshmi|Sri Lakshmi Narayani]]
| tradition =
| organizational_status =
| functional_status =
| governing_body =
| temple_board =
| festival =
| festivals =
| tower =
| temple_tank =
| temple_tree =

| location = Thirumalaikodi, [[Vellore District]]
| locale = [[Vellore]]
| district =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| province =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu #India
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_relief =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.873267|N|79.08842|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =

| architecture_type =
| architecture_style =
| founded_by =
| creator =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 4 August 2007
| date_demolished =

| facade_direction =
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| nrhp =
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| embedded =
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| website =http://www.sripuram.org

| footnotes =
}}
'''Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple''' complex inside the '''Thirupuram''' spiritual park is nestled at the base of a small range of green hills at '''Thirumalaikodi''' (or simply '''Malaikodi''') [[Vellore]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is 120 km from [[Tirupati]], 145 km from [[Chennai]], 160 km from [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and 200 km from [[Bengaluru]]. The [[Kumbhabhishekham|Maha Kumbhabhishekam]] or consecration of the temple and its chief deity, [[Lakshmi]] or Maha Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, was held on 24 August 2007, and devotees from all religions and backgrounds are welcome to visit.

== Background ==
The salient feature of 'Thirupuram' is the [[Lakshmi]] Narayani temple whose [[Vimanam (tower)|Vimanam]] and [[Mandapa#Name_variations|Ardha Mandapam]] is covered with pure gold, housing the deity [[Lakshmi|Sri Lakshmi Narayani]] (female consort/wife of [[Narayana|Vishnu Narayana]]). The temple is located on {{convert|100|acre|ha|order=flip}} of land and has been constructed by the Vellore-based charitable trust, Sri Narayani Peedam, headed by its spiritual leader Sri Sakthi Amma also known as 'Narayani Amma'.

== Design ==
The temple with its gold covering, has intricate work done by artisans specialising in temple art using gold. Every single detail was manually created, including converting the gold bars into gold foils and then mounting the foils on copper. Gold foil from 9 layers to 10 layers has been mounted on the etched copper plates. Every single detail in the temple art has significance from the [[Vedas]].<ref name=val1>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150706002747/http://citypatriots.com/asia/india/tamil-nadu/vellore/vellore-golden-temple Vellore Sripuram Golden temple]}}</ref>

Sripuram's design features a star-shaped path (Sri chakra), positioned in the middle of the lush green landscape, with a length of over 1.8 km. As one walks along this 'starpath' to reach the temple in the middle, one can also read various spiritual messages—such as the gift of the human birth itself, and the value of spirituality—along the way.

==Hospital==
The [[Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre]] is a general hospital located near the Thirupuram temple complex and is also run by the 'Sri Narayani Peedam' Charitable Trust.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Golden Temple, Vellore, India.jpg|Golden Temple, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Sripuram Temple Full View.jpg|The Golden temple of Mahalakshmi
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Vellore Fort]]
* [[Golden Temple]] - Sikh temple in Amritsar

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Golden Temple, Sripuram}}
* [http://www.sripuram.org The official website of Sripuram]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Vellore]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Vellore district]]
[[Category:Silver-gilt objects]]
[[Category:Gold sculptures]]
[[Category:Lakshmi temples]]
*[http://templetourismindia.com/tour/golden-temple-vellore/ Golden Temple Vellore]

List of Kannada films of 2023

2026-04-25T02:19:40Z

Mvjceng:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Sandalwood film list}}

This is a list of [[Kannada films]] that are scheduled to be released or have been released in 2023.

==Box office collection==
The highest-grossing [[Kannada cinema|Sandalwood]] films released in 2023, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Highest worldwide gross of 2023
! Rank
! Title
! Production company
! Gross
! Ref
|-
|1
|''[[Kaatera]]''
|[[Rockline Productions]]
|{{INRConvert|67|c|year=2023}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-01-31 |title=After a record 2022, Kannada cinema saw a STEEP decline in box office numbers in 2023; not a SINGLE film crossed even the Rs. 70 cr. mark; footfalls down from 8.1 cr. to 3.2 cr. :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/record-2022-kannada-cinema-saw-steep-decline-box-office-numbers-2023-not-single-film-crossed-even-rs-70-cr-mark-footfalls-8-1-cr-3-2-cr/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |language=en}}</ref>
|-

|2
|''[[Kranti (2023 film)|Kranti]]''
| rowspan="1" |Media House Studios
|{{INRConvert|41|c|year=2023}}
|-
|3
|[[Kabzaa (2023 film)|''Kabzaa'']]
| rowspan="1" |Anand Pandit Motion Pictures
|{{INRConvert|30|c|year=2023}}
|-
|4
|''[[Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare]]''
| rowspan="1" |Gulmohur Films Varrun Studios
|{{INRConvert|25|c|year=2023}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-01 |title=Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare Marks Biggest Blockbuster In Kannada Cinema After Kantara; To Cross Rs 30 Crore In Just 10 Days |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/hostel-hudugaru-bekagiddare-marks-biggest-blockbuster-in-kannada-cinema-after-kantara-to-cross-rs-30-crore-in-just-10-days-10091102 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|5
|''[[Ghost (2023 film)|Ghost]]''
| rowspan="1" |Sandesh Productions
|{{INRConvert|24.30|c|year=2023}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=nirmal |title='ജയിലര്‍' ശിവണ്ണയുടെ താരമൂല്യം ശരിക്കും ഉയര്‍ത്തിയോ? 'ഗോസ്റ്റ്' വിജയമോ? 17 ദിവസം കൊണ്ട് നേടിയത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/shiva-rajkumar-starring-ghost-movie-box-office-collection-mg-srinivas-jayaram-sandesh-productions-nsn-s3nujb |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
|6
| ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A]]''
|[[Paramvah Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|21|c|year=2023}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|7
| ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B]]''
|Paramvah Studios
|{{INRConvert|15.6|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello Side B Box Office Collection Day 7: Rakshit Shetty-Led Kannada Film Witnesses A Dip |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/sapta-sagaradaache-elloside-b-box-office-collection-day-7-rakshit-shetty-led-kannada-film-witnesses-a-dip-10115903 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|8
|''[[Bad Manners (2023 film)|Bad Manners]]''
|Studio 18
|{{INRConvert|6.5|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suri-Abishek's Bad Manners emerges with a strong box-office opening |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/nov/27/suri-abisheks-bad-manners-emerges-with-a-strong-box-office-opening-49912.html |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=CinemaExpress|date=27 November 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|9
|''[[Gurudev Hoysala]]''
| [[KRG Studios]]
|{{INRConvert|2.6|c|year=2023}}–{{INRConvert|2.9|c}}
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Shivaji Surathkal 2 distributor claims box office is far more than reported; netizens say, 'reveal all' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shivaji-surathkal-2-distributor-claims-box-office-is-far-more-than-reported-netizens-say-reveal-all/6324b5f2d0989 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== January – March==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
! style="width:80%;" |Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
|- January!
|rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdabf;" |'''J A N U A R Y'''
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''6'''
| align="center" |''Cocktail''
| align="center" | Sriram Babu
| Viren Keshav, Charishma Chondamma, Shivamani, [[Shobhraj]], Ramesh Pandit || Vijayalakshmi Combines
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viren Keshav marks his debut with Cocktail - Cinema Express |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/dec/31/viren-keshav-marks-his-debut-with-cocktail-38221.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Cinema Express|date=31 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Mr. Bachelor]]''
| align="center" | Naidu Bandar
| [[Darling Krishna]], [[Nimika Ratnakar]], [[Milana Nagaraj]], [[Chikkanna]], [[Sadhu Kokila]] || Milind Raso Cinemas Sri Chandra Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mr. Bachelor movie review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mr-bachelor/movie-review/96781286.cms |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Mareyade Kshamisu''
| align="center" | K. Raghav
| Pramod Bopanna, Meghana Gowda, Raghu, [[Ramesh Bhat]] || RVS Production
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mareyade Kshamisu (2023) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/mareyade-kshamisu/movieshow/96552064.cms |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Miss Nandini''
| align="center" | Gurudatta S R
| [[Priyanka Upendra]], [[Bala Rajwadi]], K. S. Sridhar, [[Bhavya]] || Shree Vijay Films
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ms. Nandini Movie Review: Priyanka Upendra shines in this well-intentioned drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/ms-nandini/movie-review/96807944.cms |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Spooky College]]''
| align="center" | Bharath. G
| Vivek Simha, [[Kushee Ravi]], [[Reeshma Nanaiah]], Pruthvi Rashtrakoota || Sri Devi Entertainers
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spooky College to release on January 6th 2023|url=https://flashmorning.com/en/news/spooky-college-release-january-6th-2023-flashmorning|access-date=6 January 2023|website=Flash Morning.com|language=en|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109120858/https://flashmorning.com/en/news/spooky-college-release-january-6th-2023-flashmorning|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Shri Balaji Photo Studio]]''
| align="center" |Rajesh Dhruva
|Rajesh Dhruva, Radhika Achuth Rao, Ravi Salian, Sampath Jayaram, Nakul Sharma, Ravi Mururu, Rakshith Naag, Shubhalakshmi, Shishir
|Srujana Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=shri-balaji-photo-studio-review-rajesh-dhruvas-debut-is-a-highly-enjoyable-film| url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shri-balaji-photo-studio-review-rajesh-dhruvas-debut-is-a-highly-enjoyable-film/dd7c36b5e9232 |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=ottplay.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=shri-balaji-photo-studio-movieshow|url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/sep/07/rajesh-dhruva-to-helm-and-star-in-sri-balaji-photo-studio-34476.amp|website=Times of India|date=12 September 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Thugs of Ramaghada''
| align="center" | Karthik Maralabhavi
| Ashwin Hassan, Chandan Raj, Mahalaxmi Annapurna, Sharmila Chandrashekar, Tiger Ganga || Bharat Talkies
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthik Maralabhavi to debut with Thugs of Ramaghada |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/dec/06/karthik-maralabhavi-to-debut-with-thugs-of-ramaghada-37400.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Cinema Express|date=6 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''12'''
| align="center" |''[[Orchestra Mysuru]]''
| align="center" | Sunil Mysooru
| Poornachandra Mysore, Rajalakshmi, [[Dileep Raj]], Mahesh Kumar, Ravi Hunsur || Ashwin Creations and Raghu Dixit Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='Orchestra Mysuru' to get a Sankranti release|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/24/orchestra-mysuru-to-get-a-sankranti-release-2531299.html |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |date=24 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc;" |'''26'''
| align="center" |''[[Kranti (2023 film)|Kranti]]''
| align="center" | [[V. Harikrishna]]|| [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]]
| [[Shylaja Nag|Media House Studio]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Darshan's pan-India film Kranti to release in theatres on January 26, 2023|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/darshans-pan-india-film-kranti-to-release-in-theatres-on-january-26-2023-2291895-2022-11-01 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=India Today |date=November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''RC Brothers''
| align="center" | L. Prakash Kumar || [[Kuri Prathap]], [[Tabla Nani]], Sambhrama Sree, Nayana Sharath
| align="center" |Anugraha Entertainment
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |first=Y Maheswara |last=Reddy |title=Brothers' story |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/brothers-story/articleshow/97289760.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|- February!
|rowspan="15" style="text-align:center;background:#ede4fe;" |'''F E B R U A R Y'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''3'''
| align="center" |''Nata Bhayankara''
| align="center" |[[Pratham (Kannada actor)|Pratham]]
|[[Pratham (Kannada actor)|Pratham]], [[P. Sai Kumar|Sai Kumar]], [[Kuri Prathap]], [[Shobaraj|Shobharaj]], [[Om Prakash Rao]], [[Vaijanath Biradar]]
|Swarasya Cini Creations
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nata BhayankaraUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/nata-bhayankara/movieshow/90066757.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''10'''
| align="center" |''[[Hondisi Bareyiri]]''
| align="center" |Ramenahalli Jagannath
|[[Praveen Tej]], [[Bhavana Rao]], [[Aishani Shetty]], [[Naveen Shankar]], [[Samyukta Hornad]]
|Sunday Cinemas
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hondisi Bareyiri Movie Review: A simple, slice-of-life college caper |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/a-simple-slice-of-life-college-caper/movie-review/97797371.cms |access-date=2023-02-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Rupayi''
| align="center" | Jagadal
|[[Krishi Thapanda]], Mythri Jaggi, Chandana Raghavendra, [[Pramod Shetty]], Mohan Juneja, Rockline Sudhakar
|Vividh Cinemas
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=RupayiUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/rupayi/movieshow/97480168.cms |access-date=2023-02-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Long Drive (2023)|Long Drive]]''
| align="center" | Sri Raju G
|Arjun Yogesh Raj, Supritha Sathyanarayan, Tejaswini Shekhar, Manjunath Gowda B.R, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
|Good Wheel Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/long-drive/movieshow/95851221.cms|title=Long Drive Movie Review: Long Drive: A breezy journey
|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''17'''
| align="center" |''Chaos''
| align="center" |Dr. GV Prasad
| Akshith Shashikumar, [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], Parul Agarwal, Hemachandra Reddy
|The Black Pebble Entertainments
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Akshith Shashikumar - Aditi Prabhudeva starrer medical thriller Chaos gets a release date |url = https://www.ottplay.com/news/akshith-shashikumar-aditi-prabhudeva-starrer-medical-thriller-chaos-gets-a-release-date/5a5ed75731505 |access-date= 28 January 2023 | website = OTTPlay}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Love Birds (2023 film)|Love Birds]]''
| align="center" |[[PC Shekhar]]
| [[Darling Krishna]], [[Milana Nagaraj]] || Sri Banashankari Chithralaya
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna and Milana Nagaraj's film 'Love Birds' to release soon|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jan/31/krishna-and-milananagarajs-film-love-birds-to-release-soon-2542827.html|access-date=31 January 2023|website=New Indian Express|date=31 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Bari 10% Baddi''
| align="center" | Krishna Leela
| Lakshmipati Balaji, Niriksha Shetty, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
| SDR Productions
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=Bari 10% BaddiUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/bari-10-baddi/movieshow/98004892.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Doddahatti Boregowda''
| align="center" | K.M. Raghu
| Shivanna Beeruhundi, Abhijval Gowda, Lavanya Natana, Kalarati Mahadev, Geeta Rangavalli
| Rajar
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=Doddahatti BoregowdaUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/doddahatti-boregowda/movieshow/97687322.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Ondolle Love Story''
| align="center" | Praveen Sutar
| Ashwin N, Dhanushree V
| Niranjan Babu
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ondolle Love StoryA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/ondolle-love-story/movieshow/98007461.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Sakuchi''
| align="center" | Ashok Chakravarty
| Trivikram, Diana Mary, Sanjay Raj, Diana Mary, Sanjay Raj
|Bagalur Chayashankar Ashwin
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SakuchiUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/sakuchi/movieshow/98007629.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''SLV - Siri Lambodara Vivaha''
| align="center" | Sourabh Kulkarni, Rajesh Natranga
| Anjan A Bharadwaj, Disha Ramesh, Manjunath Gowda B.R, [[Bala Rajwadi]], Shruthi Ramesh
|
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=SLV : Siri Lambodara Vivaha Movie Review: A film about wedding planners that falls flat |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/slv-siri-lambodara-vivaha/movie-review/98024802.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" |'''24'''
| align="center" |''[[Gowli (film)|Gowli]]''
| align="center" | Soora
| [[Srinagara Kitty]], [[Paavana Gowda]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Sharath Lohithaswa]], Yash Shetty, Cockroach Sudhi, Govinde Gowda, Gurudeshpande, Child Artist Namana, Murudayya
| Sohan Film Factory
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Srinagar Kitty's "Gowli" Gets A Release Date|url=https://boldnewsonline.com/srinagar-kittys-gowli-gets-a-release-date/|access-date=16 February 2023|website=Bold News|date=15 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Juliet 2: Behind The Dark Door''
| align="center" | Virat B Gowda
| [[Brinda Acharya]], Anoop Sagar, Kush Acharya, Srikanth Sriki
| R Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|title=Juliet 2 Release Kannada Drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/juliet-2/movieshow/97556780.cms|access-date=23 February 2023|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''South Indian Hero''
| align="center" | Naresh Kumar
| Sarthak Lucky, Kaashima Rafi, [[Urvashi Roy]], Vijay Chendoor
| Riyanshi Films
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|title=South Indian Hero Release Kannada Drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/south-indian-hero/movieshow/97925469.cms|access-date=23 February 2023|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Vidhi (Article) 370''
| align="center" | K. Shankar
| [[Shashikumar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Doddarange Gowda]], [[Shivaram]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Ramesh Bhat]]
| Lyra Entertainment & Media
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news|title= Vidhi (Article) 370 Release Kannada Drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/vidhi-article-370/movieshow/97911445.cms|access-date=23 February 2023|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|- March!
|rowspan="16" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4cb;" |'''M A R C H'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''3'''
| align="center" |''19.20.21''
| align="center" | Mansore
| [[Rajesh Nataranga]], Balaji Manohar, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Shrunga B. V., [[M. D. Pallavi Arun]]
| D Creations Sathya Hegde Studios
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news| title= 19.20.21 Movie | url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/19-20-21/movieshow/93589134.cms | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220830032913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/19-20-21/movieshow/93589134.cms | url-status= live | archive-date= 30 August 2022 | access-date=3 March 2023|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Dooradarshana]]''
| align="center" | Sukesh Shetty
| [[Pruthvi Ambaar]], Ayaana, Sundar Veena, Ugram Manju, Harini Shreekanth
| V S Media Enterprises
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news| title= Dooradarshana gets a release date| url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dooradarshana-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/97837329.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=Kannada%20film%20Dooradarshana%20is%20set,set%20in%20the%201980's%20period. | access-date=16 February 2023|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Kaasina Sara]]''
| align="center" | N. R. Nanjunde Gowda
| [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Harshika Poonacha]], [[Umashree]], Neenasam Ashwath, [[Sudha Belawadi]]
| Native Creations
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news| title= Kaasina Sara Movie| url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/kaasina-sara/movieshow/98277912.cms | access-date=3 March 2023|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Kadalatheerada Bhargava''
| align="center" |Pannaga Somashekar
|Bharat Gowda T. K., Shruti Prakash, Patel Varun Raj, K. S. Shridhar, Raghav Nag, Ashwin Hassan
|Evakala Studio
| align="center" |<ref name="publictv.in">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title='Kadala Teerada Bhargava' set to release across Karnataka on March 3 {{!}} Public TV English |url=https://publictv.in/english/kadala-teerada-bhargava-set-to-release-across-karnataka-on-march-3/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''10'''
| align="center" |''Chowkabara''
| align="center" | Vikram Suri
| Vihaan Prabhanjan, Namitha Rao, Kavya Ramesh, Seetha Kote, Kiran Vati
| Navi Nirmiti
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news| title= Chowkabara Movie | url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/chowkabara/movie-review/98548035.cms | access-date=10 March 2023|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''Mandala: The UFO Incident''
| align="center" |Ajay Sarpeshkar
|[[Anant Nag]], [[Prakash Belawadi]], [[Kiran Srinivas]], [[Samyukta Hornad]]
|Ajay Sarpeshkar Films
| align="center" |<ref name="publictv.in"/>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''17'''
| align="center" |''[[Kabzaa (2023 film)|Kabzaa]]''
| align="center" | [[R. Chandru]]
| [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Shriya Saran]], [[Sudeepa]], [[Murali Mohan]], [[Shiva Rajkumar]]
| [[Anand Pandit|Anand Pandit Motion Pictures]] Sri Siddheshwara Enterprises
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release date of 'Kabzaa' announced|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jan/24/release-date-of-kabzaa-announced-2540720.html|access-date=28 January 2023|website=New Indian Express|date=24 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''30'''
| align="center" |''[[Gurudev Hoysala]]''
| align="center" | Vijay N. || [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]], [[Amrutha Iyengar]] || [[KRG Studios]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoysala!🚨 In Theatres 30th March, 2023.|url=https://twitter.com/Dhananjayaka/status/1617379796459335682 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==April – June==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P R I L'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''7'''
|align="center" |''Nam Naani Maduve Prasanga''
|align="center" | Hemanth Hegde
| Hemanth Hegde, Gitanjali Mangal, Shruti Nandeesh, Shreya Vasant, [[Rajesh Nataranga]], [[Padmaja Rao]]
| SVM Productions Anvita Arts
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Hemanth-Hegde wraps-up-shooting-for Nam-naani-madve-prasanga
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/jun/13/hemanth-hegdewraps-up-shooting-fornam-naani-madve-prasanga-32091.html |access-date=6 April 2023|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Pentagon (film)|Pentagon]]''
|align="center" | [[Guru Deshpande]]
| [[Kishore (actor)|Kishore]], [[Pruthvi Ambaar]], Pritika Deshpande, [[Pramod Shetty]], [[P. Ravishankar]], [[Prakash Belawadi]]
| G Cinemas
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada Anthology Pentagon Release date out
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/mar/21/kannada-anthology-pentagon-release-date-out-41325.html |access-date=6 April 2023|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Praveena''
|align="center" | Mahesh Sindhuvalli
| Shashi Gowda, Vijay Karthik, Aishwarya Gowda, [[Mandya Ramesh]]
| Rishi Pictures
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Praveena film info
|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/praveena.html |access-date=6 April 2023|work=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Ramachari 2.0''
|align="center" | Thej
| Thej, Swati Prabhu, [[Vijay Chendoor]], Chandana Raghavendra, [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], [[Sparsha Rekha]], Kausthubhamani
| Panaromic Studio
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=ramachari-20-is-a-science-fiction-film-about-lineage-and-karma
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2023/apr/06/ramachari-20-is-a-science-fiction-film-about-lineage-and-karma-42006.html |access-date=6 April 2023|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Veeram (2023 film)|Veeram]]''
|align="center" | Khadar Kumar S
| [[Prajwal Devaraj]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Srinagar Kitty]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], Shishya Deepak, [[Achyuth Kumar]]
| Shashidhar Studios Production
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Prajwal Devaraj's 'Veeram' gets a release date
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/mar/11/prajwal-devarajs-veeram-gets-a-release-date-2554917.html |access-date=1 April 2023|work=New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''14'''
|align="center" |''Avantika''
|align="center" | Kempegowda Magadi
| Arpith Gowda, Amritha Nair, Rathnachandana, [[Ramesh Bhat]], Ramesh Pandit
| Rathnachandana Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Avantika Cast & Crew
|url=https://moviekoop.com/Movie/Details/Avantika/57261 |access-date=14 April 2023 |work=Movie Koop}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Mariguddada Gaddadharigalu''
|align="center" | R. Chandrakanth
| Dinesh Kumar, Praveen Raj, Namratha Agasimani, Ganesh Rao, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
| D. J. Prakash Cine Production
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Mariguddada Gaddadharigalu Cast & Crew
|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/mariguddada-gaddadharigalu.html |access-date=14 April 2023 |work=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Shivaji Surathkal 2]]''
|align="center" | [[Akash Srivatsa]]
| [[Ramesh Aravind]], [[Radhika Chetan]], [[Meghana Gaonkar]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Vinayak Joshi]], [[Sangeetha Sringeri]]
| [[KRG Studios]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Shivaji Surathkal 2 to release on April 14
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/mar/07/shivaji-surathkal-2-to-release-on-april-14-2553778.html |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Suraari''
|align="center" | Vishal Ajay
| Vishal Ajay, [[Om Prakash Rao]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Chitral Rangaswamy, Archana Singh, Mimicry Gopi
| Iris Studio
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=TAG: SURARI MOVIE RELEASE
|url=https://www.cinisuddi.com/tag/surari-movie-release/ |access-date=14 April 2023 |work=Cini Suddi}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Undenama]]''
|align="center" | K. L. Rajshekar
| [[Komal Kumar]], [[Dhanya Balakrishna]], [[Tabla Nani]], Tanisha Kuppanda, [[Harish Raj]], [[Bank Janardhan]]
| Crystal Paark Cinemas N K Studios
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Komal Returns To The Silver Screen With Rajshekhar K L's Undenaama
|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/entertainment-spotlight/komal-returns-to-the-silver-screen-with-rajshekhar-k-l-s-undenaama-news-272460 | access-date=14 April 2023 |work=Outlook India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''21'''
| style="text-align:center;"|''Bisilu Kudure''
| style="text-align:center;"| Hridaya Shiva
| Sampath Maitreya, Kari Subbu, Malavalli Saikrishna
| Metaphor Media House
| <ref name="Vijay Karnataka">{{cite news|url =https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/english-manja-bisilu-kudure-and-other-new-kannada-movies-will-release-on-april-21st/articleshow/99644235.cms|title= English-manja-bisilu-kudure-and-other-new-kannada-movies-will-release-on-april-21st|access-date=21 April 2023|work= Vijay Karnataka}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Chandini Bar''
| style="text-align:center;"| Raghavendra Kumar
| Raghavendra Kumar, Sukruthi Prabhakar, Siddesh Badanalavu, Sampath Maitreya
| Camera Movies
| <ref>{{cite news|url = https://newskannada.com/gandhi-nagar/sandalwood/2023/04/18/252393/chandni-bar-to-hit-screens-on-april-21/|title= Chandni-bar-to-hit-screens-on-april-21|access-date=21 April 2023|work= NewsKannada.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''English Manja''
| style="text-align:center;"| Arya M Mahesh
| [[Panju (actor)|Pramod Panju]], Tejaswini Sharma, Sunil Puranik, [[V. Nagendra Prasad]], Victory Vasu, Nagendra Urs
| Infant Cine Creations
|{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Maavu Bevu''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Suchendra Prasad]]
| Sandeep Ninasam, [[Chaitra H. G.]], Danny Kuttappa, Surpriya S. Rao, [[Srinivasa Murthy]], Sundarashree
| Sri Sai Gagana Productions
|<ref name="Vijay Karnataka"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Magale''
| style="text-align:center;"| Somu Kengeri
| Gururaj Shetty, Bishan Shetty, Greeshma Sridhar, Bindu Raxidi, Supritha Raj
| Zed Net Communications
| <ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannada-film-magale-a-colourful-darkness-gets-a-theatrical-release-thanks-to-japanese-co-producers/article66750011.ece|title= Kannada film, 'Magale- A colourful Darkness' gets a theatrical release thanks to Japanese co-producers|access-date=19 April 2023|work= [[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Nannaki''
| style="text-align:center;"| Mallu Jhamkandi
| Mallu Jhamkandi, Shivaganga, Anand Hunnur, Rekha Das
| Mallu Jhamkandi Films
| <ref>{{cite news|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/nannaki/movieshow/99400340.cms|title= Nannaki (2023) Movie|access-date=21 April 2023|work= [[Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Nodadha Putagalu]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Vasanth Kumar
| Preetham Makkhihali, Kavya Ramesh, Vilas Kulkarni, Gowtham G.
| Sweet & Salt Movies
| <ref>{{cite news|url = https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/twists-and-turns/articleshow/99593130.cms|title= Twists & Turns|access-date=21 April 2023|work= [[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Ramzan''
| style="text-align:center;"| Panchakshari C. E.
| Sangamesh Upase, Premavathi Upase, Baby Ishani
| Universal Studio
|<ref name="Vijay Karnataka"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''28'''
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Raaghu]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| M. Anand Raj
| [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
| DKS Studios Kota Film Factory
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/05/witness-a-solo-act-by-vijay-raghavendra-in-anand-rajs-raaghu-2525069.html | title=Witness a solo act by Vijay Raghavendra in Anand Raj's 'Raaghu' | website=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=5 December 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Raghavendra Stores]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Santhosh Ananddram]]
| [[Jaggesh]], [[Shwetha Srivatsav]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]]
| [[Hombale Films]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=FGRwvOVs2RA | title=Raghavendra Stores - in Theatres 28 April 2023 | Jaggesh | Santhosh Ananddram | Hombale Films | website=[[YouTube]] | date=16 March 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ff91af; textcolor:#000;" | '''M A Y'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''12'''
|align="center" |''Feel My Love''
|align="center" | D T Ramesh
| Rakesh K P, Charithra Rao
| GP productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=feel-my-love-2023 to release on April 14|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/feel-my-love-2023/ET00353549/entertainment/kannada/2023/.html |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=in.bookmyshow.com/movies/feel-my-love-2023/ET00353549}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Present Prapancha 0% Love''
|align="center" | Abhiraam
| Arjun Manjunath, Sambrama Sree, Akshatha Kukki, Yashas Abhi, [[S. Narayan]], [[Tabla Nani]]
| Friends Media Production
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=present-prapancha-0-loveto-hit-theatres-this-week|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/10/present-prapancha-0-loveto-hit-theatres-this-week-43237.html |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''19'''
|align="center" |''[[Daredevil Musthafa]]''
|align="center" | Shashank Soghal
| Shishira Baikady, Adithya Shree, Prerana Gowda, Poornachandra Mysuru, [[Nagabhushana]]
| Cinemamara
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title='Daredevil Musthafa': Trailer of Kannada crowd-funded film out|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/daredevil-musthafa-trailer-of-kannada-crowd-funded-film-out/article66812114.ece |access-date=4 May 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Jersey Number 10''
|align="center" | Adyah Thimmaiah
| Adyah Thimmaiah, [[Dattanna]], [[Thriller Manju]], [[Chandan Achar]]
| Adyah Koteshwara Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title='Jersey No 10,' a Kannada film on hockey releases on May 19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jersey-no-10-a-kannada-film-on-hockey-releases-on-may-19/article66852409.ece |access-date=16 May 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Sreemanta''
|align="center" | Hassan Ramesh
| [[Sonu Sood]], Vaishnavi Patwardhan, Vaishnavi Menon, Kranti Revanna Siddappa, [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]]
| Golden Rain Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Hassan Ramesh: 'Sudeep has provided invaluable support to 'Sreemanta' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/may/18/hassan-ramesh-sudeep-has-provided-invaluable-support-to-sreemanta-2576084.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Suman''
|align="center" | Sathyajith
| Dharma Keerthiraj, Rajani Bharadwaj, Nimika Ratnakar, Shriya Shukla, Zayleen Ganapathy
| MMR Movie Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharma Keerthiraj to play RAW agent in his next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shivamani-forays-into-kollywood-with-a-gautham-menon-flick/articleshow/95438127.cms |access-date=18 May 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''26'''
|align="center" |''Siren''
|align="center" | Raja Venkaiya
| Praveer Shetty, Lasya Ponnu Ash, [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Pavithra Lokesh]], [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], [[Sparsha Rekha]]
| Deccan King Movie Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=praveer-shettys-siren-gets-a-release-date-43563 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/18/praveer-shettys-siren-gets-a-release-date-43563.html |access-date=26 May 2023 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="18" style="text-align:center; background:#50c550 ; textcolor:#000;" | '''J U N E'''
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#50b178; textcolor:#000;"|'''2'''
|align="center" |''[[Pinki Elli]]''
|Prithvi Konanur
|Akshatha Pandavapura, Anoop Shoonya, Deepak Subramanya, Gunjalamma
|Picture Tree International
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Pinki Elli to hit theatres after a successful run at film festivals |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/31/pinki-elli-to-hit-theatres-after-a-successful-run-at-film-festivals-44065.html |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Hint''
|Vedhavyaas
|Naresh Jayappa, Kavya Sivakumar, M. N. Lakshmi Devi, Mohan Juneja
|Veeranjaneya Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Hint (2023)- Movie, Reviews |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/hint/movieshow/100675699.cms|access-date=2 June 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Radha Searching Ramana Missing''
|M. N. Srikanth
|Raghav, Sanjana Burli
|Saanvi Picture & Animations
|align="center" |<ref name="sf1">{{cite news |title=Kannada watchlist: Still no big releases but Sandalwood picks up the pace post-elections and IPL in June |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada-watchlist-still-no-big-releases-but-sandalwood-picks-up-the-pace-post-elections-and-ipl-in-june |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=The South First |date=31 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Yadha Yadha Hi]]''
|Ashok Tej
|[[Diganth]], [[Vasishta N. Simha]], [[Hariprriya]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Manju Pavagada, Roopalatha
|Guys and Dolls Creations
|align="center" |<ref name="sf1"/>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#50b178; textcolor:#000;"|'''9'''
|align="center" |''Darbar''
|[[V. Manohar]]
|Sathish, Jahnavi Raju, [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Naveen D. Padil]]
|Darbar Productions
|align="center" |<ref name="sf1"/>
|-
|align="center" |''Gadhayuddha''
|Srivathsa Rao
|Sumit Shirgurkar, [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]], Danny Kuttappa, [[Sharath Lohithaswa]], Aishwarya Shindogi, [[Sparsha Rekha]]
|Nitin Shirgurkar Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Black magic, for reel |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/black-magic-for-reel/articleshow/100482790.cms |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=25 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Melody Drama (film)|Melody Drama]]''
|Manju Karthik
|Satya Shraya, Supritha Sathyanarayan, [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Chetan Chandra]]
|Primestar Studio Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Melody Drama movie, showtime |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/melody-drama/movieshow/100788234.cms |access-date=9 June 2023 |work=Times of India |date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Sthabda''
|Laali Raghav
|[[Pratap Simha]], [[Harshika Poonacha]], [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]]
|Sai Sagar Film Factory
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sthabda locks release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/23/sthabda-locks-release-date-43751.html |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=23 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#50b178; textcolor:#000;" |'''16'''
|align="center" |''Bera''
|Vinu Balanja
|Yash Shetty, [[Harshika Poonacha]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], Shine Shetty, [[Suman (actor)|Suman]]
|SLV Colours
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada movie 'Bera' set to release across Karnataka on Jun 16 |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1090371 |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=Daiji World |date=3 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Iravan (film)|Iravan]]''
|Ram's Ranga
|[[Karthik Jayaram]], Vivek Patil, Adhvithi Shetty, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
|Nirantara Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title= JK's IRavan gets a release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/jun/03/jks-iravan-gets-a-release-date-44198.html |access-date=6 June 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Kai Jaarida Preethi''
|Pushpa Bhadravathi
|Sanath, Manjushree Shetty, Madhu Shetty, [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], Danny Kuttappa
|The Chaithra Movies
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kai Jaarida Preethi - Kannada Movie Review, Ott Release|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/kai-jaarida-preethi.html |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=Filmibeat.com |date=3 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Mahabali''
|Mallesh Yadehalli
|Prithvi Raj Mallesh, Manvitha Raj, Aravind
|Malasamba Combines
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahabali (2023) Release|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/mahabali-2023/ET00362017 |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=16 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#50b178; textcolor:#000;" |'''23'''
|align="center" |''Aggrasena''
|Murugesh Kanappa
|Amar Viraj, Rachana Dashrath, Aagasthya Balgere
|Vaishnavi Cinemas
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=ಯುವ ಪಡೆಗಳ "ಅಗ್ರಸೇನಾ" ಟೀಸರ್ ರಿಲೀಸ್. |url=https://www.cinisuddi.com/aggrasena-film-teaser-release |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=Cinisuddi |date=25 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Road King (film)|Road King]]''
|Randy Kent
|Mateen Hussain, [[Rukshar Dhillon]], Nayana Shetty, Harish Sejekan
|Trend Setter Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Road King becomes the first film to be directed through video conferencing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jun/06/road-king-becomes-thefirst-film-to-be-directedthrough-video-conferencing-2582193.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=The New Indian Express|date=23 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#50b178; textcolor:#000;" |'''30'''
|align="center" |''90 Bidi Manig Nadi''
|Gurudatta Ganiga
|[[Vaijanath Biradar]], Prashant Siddi, Abhay Veer, Neetha Maindargi, Preethu Pooja
|Amma Talkies
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=90 Bidi Manig Nadi Movie|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/90-bidi-manig-nadi/movieshow/101363061.cms |access-date=30 June 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Kirathaka 2''
|Pradeep Raj
|R. K. Tejas
|Jana Chitta Entertainment
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kiraathaka 2 Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/bengaluru-boys/movieshow/100702579.cms |access-date=30 June 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Bengaluru Boys''
|Nagaraj Arehole
|Sachin Cheluvarayaswamy, Rohith Bhanuprakash, [[Chikkanna]], Abhi Das, Vainidhi Jagadish, Sony Mulewa
|V Movie Makers
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru Boys Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/bengaluru-boys/movieshow/100702579.cms |access-date=30 June 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Naanu Kusuma''
|Krishne Gowda
|Krishne Gowda, Greeshma Sridhar
|Sapthagiri Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Naanu Kusuma Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/naanu-kusuma/movieshow/99403337.cms |access-date=30 June 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

==July–September==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="22" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L Y'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''7'''
|align="center" |''Arambha''
|Manjunath Badiger
|Pruthviraaj, Nischitha Rao, Ganesh Rao
|Sri Kalikadevi Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Arambha Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/arambha/movieshow/101538651.cms |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Hatya''
|Varun Gangadhar
|Harry Josh, Komica Anchal, Vikas Gowda, Deekshitha
|Sagaram World Cinema
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Hatya-movie-based-on-real-stories-coming-soon|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/hatya-movie-based-on-real-stories-coming-soon-137400 |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Zee News|date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Nano Narayanappa]]''
|Kumaar L
|KGF Thatha, [[Prashanth Siddi]], Cockroach Sudhir, Apoorva
|Kesari Films Capture
|align="center" |<ref name="Times Of India">{{cite news |title=Nano Narayanappa Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/nano-narayanappa/movieshow/101540268.cms |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Rayaru Bandaru Mavana Manege''
|Vipul Sharma
|Tushar Sadhu, Kinjal Rajpriya
|Artmen Films
|align="center" |<ref name="Times Of India"/>
|-
|align="center" |''Sri Prasanna Venkatadaasaru''
|Madhusudhan Hawaldar
|Prabhanjan Deshpande, Vishnutirth Joshi, Vijayanand Naik
|Mathambhuja Movies
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sri Prasanna Venkata Dasaru: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://www.amctheatres.com/movies/sri-prasanna-venkata-dasaru-73718 |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=AMC Theatres|date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''14'''
|align="center" |''Aparoopa''
|[[Mahesh Babu (director)|Mahesh Babu]]
|Sughosh Gowda, Hrithika Srinivas, [[Kuri Prathap]], Vijay Chendoor, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
|Suggi Cinemas
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Aparoopa Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/aparoopa/movieshow/101722434.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Damayana''
|Shreemukha
|Shreemukha, Anagha Bhat, Adhithya BK, Akshay Revankar
|Seventy 7 Studios
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Damayana Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/damayana/movieshow/101102701.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Mystery''
|Shivanandhi TM
|Rithvik, Deepa Hebbar, Shridhar Atavi, Sachin Tholanda
|Nandhi Production House
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Mystery Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/28363/mystery/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Now Running.com|date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Namasthe Ghost''
|Bharath Nanda
|Bharath Nanda, Vidya Raj, Shivamogga Harish, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
|Chirayu Creative Cinemas
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Namasthe Ghost Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/28251/namasthe-ghost/|access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Now Running.com|date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''O Manase''
|D. G. Umesh Gowda
|[[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Sanchita Padukone]], Dharma Keerthiraj, [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|Sri Friends Movie Makers
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=O Manase Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/o-manase/movieshow/101721944.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''21'''
|align="center" |''Ambuja''
|Srini Hanumantharaju
|[[Shubha Poonja]], Rajini Gowda, Baby Akanksha, Deepak Subramanya, Nisha Hegde
|SK Cinemas
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Ambuja Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/ambuja/movieshow/96108095.cms |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''David''
|Shreyas Chinga
|[[Rakesh Adiga]], Sarah Harish, Shreyas Chinga, Kavya Shah, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
|Mahanandi Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=David Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/david/movieshow/62380035.cms |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Devara Kanasu''
|Suresh Lakkoor
|Deepak Belvathahalli, Mak Mani, Amoolya Arvind, Aarushi Vedhikha
|Millenium Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Release date of 'Devara Kanasu' locked |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jul/10/release-date-of-devara-kanasu-locked-2593113.html |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=New Indian Express|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Don Kumara''
|Nagesh Kumar
|V. Chandra Shekar, Prakruthi Kausthuba, Sahana Malathker, Namratha Malla
|NAK's Movies
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Don Kumara Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/don-kumara/movieshow/101981276.cms |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare]]''
|Nithin Krishnamurthy
|Prajwal BP, Abhi Das, Tejas Jayanna, Manjunath Nayaka, Srivatsa Shyam, Shreyas Sharma, Aniruddha Vendanthi, Archana Kottige, Anoosha K Bhat, [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]], [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]], [[Diganth]], [[Rishab Shetty]]
| Gulmohur Films Varrun Studios [[Zee Studios]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title='Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare' gears up for a grand theatrical release|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jul/03/hostel-hudugarubekagiddare-gears-up-for-a-grand-theatrical-release-2590783.html |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=New Indian Express|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Madhura Kavya''
|Madhusudhan Kyathanahalli
|Madhusudhan Kyathanahalli, Yashoda Gowda, Rajkumar Navik
|Vikhyath Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhura Kavya Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/madhura-kavya/movieshow/101982889.cms |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Nimmellara Aashirvada''
|Ravikiran Bhat
|Pratik Shetty, Payal Radhakrishna, [[Aravind Bolar]], Swati Gurudutt, Govinde Gowda
|Varun Cine Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Nimmellara Aashirvada Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/nimmellara-aashirvada/movieshow/101981483.cms |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''28'''
|align="center" |''[[Aachar & Co]]''
|Sindhu Sreenivasa Murthy
|Sindhu Sreenivasa Murthy, [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]], [[Sudha Belawadi]], Vamsidhar Bhogaraju, Anirudh Acharya
|[[PRK Productions]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Aachar & Co. Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/aachar-co-/movieshow/101750306.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Aura''
|Ashwin Vijayamurthy
|A R Rohit, Deepika Aradhya, Anand Ninasam, Sonia Krishnamurthy, Sathya Raj
|AR Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Aura Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/aura/movieshow/102164546.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Diamond Cross''
|Ramdeep Ramegowda
|[[Roger Narayan]], Roopika, Rajath Annappa, Manu K Mallegowda
|Nagathihalli Cine Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Diamond Cross Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/diamond-cross/movieshow/102165128.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Kousalya Supraja Rama (2023)|Kousalya Supraja Rama]]''
|[[Shashank (director)|Shashank]]
|[[Darling Krishna]], Brinda Acharya, [[Milana Nagaraj]], [[Nagabhushana]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Achyuth Kumar]]
|Shashank Cinemass
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kousalya Supraja Rama Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/kousalya-supraja-rama/movieshow/101914711.cms |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Nava Itihasa''
|Sri Rajani
|Vikram Sandeep, Amrutha V. Raj, Nandeesh Yadav, Ganesh Prakash, Jyothi Murur
|Atharva Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Nava Ithihasa - Kannada Movie Review, Ott, Release Date|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/nava-ithihasa.html |access-date=28 July 2023 |work=Filmibeat.com|date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#ff91af; textcolor:#000;" | '''A U G U S T'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''4'''
|align="center" |''Ee Pattanakke Yenagide''
|Ravi Subbarao
|Ravi Subbarao. Radhika Ram
|Ravi Thejo Studios
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Ee-Pattanakkeyenagide-overcomes-censorship-hurdles-looks-for-august-release|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/jul/29/ee-pattanakkeyenagide-overcomes-censorship-hurdles-looks-for-august-release-46063.html |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=Cinema Express|date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Namo Bhoothathma 2]]''
|Murali
|[[Komal Kumar]], Lekha Chandra, Monica Gowda, Varrun Ravi, Govinde Gowda
|Golden Pictures
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Namo Bhoothatma 2 Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/namo-bhoothathma-2/movieshow/102381467.cms |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Sheela''
|Balu Narayanan
|[[Ragini Dwivedi]], [[Riyaz Khan]], [[Avinash (Kannada actor)|Avinash]], [[Chitra Shenoy]]
|Priya Lakshmi Media Pvt. Ltd.
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheela Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/sheela/movieshow/102287000.cms |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=4 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''18'''
|align="center" |''[[Baang (film)|Baang]]''
|Sree Ganesh Parashuram
|[[Shanvi Srivastava]], [[Raghu Dixit]], Shravya Rao, Ritvik Muralidhar, Sunil Gujjar, Natya Ranga
|UK Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Baang to be out on this date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jul/31/baang-to-be-out-on-this-date-2600236.html |access-date=31 July 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Kshetrapati''
|Shrikant Katagi
|[[Naveen Shankar]], [[Archana Jois]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], Rahul Ainapur
|Ashraga Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Shankar, Archana Jois-starrer Kshetrapati locks release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jul/31/naveen-shankar-archana-jois-starrer-kshetrapati-locks-release-date-2600233.html |access-date=31 July 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Nishachara''
|S. Bhaskar
|Swasthika Poojary
|Bellithere Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Nishachara (2023) - Movie Reviews, Cast & Release Date |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/nishachara/ET00367328 |access-date=18 August 2023 |work=Book My Show |date=18 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f4c2c2;" |'''25'''
|align="center" |''Bayaluseeme''
|Varun Kattimani
|Varun Kattimani, [[T. S. Nagabharana]], [[P. Ravishankar]], [[Samyukta Hornad]], Yash Shetty, Archana Kottige
|Sri Gayathridevi Creations P R S Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bayaluseeme Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/bayaluseeme/movieshow/103017644.cms |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=25 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Toby (film)|Toby]]''
|Basil AL Chalakkal
|[[Raj B. Shetty]], [[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]], [[Chaithra J. Achar]], [[Samyukta Hornad]]
|Lighter Buddha Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Toby first look: Raj B Shetty unleashes his stunningly fierce inner Maari |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/toby-first-look-raj-b-shetty-unleashes-his-stunningly-fierce-inner-maari-in-new-poster/3d8782e58a521 |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=OTTPlay |date=29 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background:orange; textcolor:#000; " |'''S E P T E M B E R'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''1'''
|align="center" |''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello- Side A|Sapta Sagaradaache Ello: Side A]]''
|[[Hemanth M. Rao|Hemant Rao]]
|[[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Sharath Lohitashwa]], [[Avinash (Kannada actor)|Avinash]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]]
|[[Paramvah Studios]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-15 |title=Release dates of Rakshit Shetty's 'Sapta Sagaradaache Ello' announced |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/release-dates-of-rakshit-shettys-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-announced/article66971316.ece |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''8'''
|align="center" |''Avalu Laila Alla Naanu Majnu Alla''
|Yallu Punyakoti
|Ajay Kumar Togari, Ashwini Kattimani, Niharika Rao, Kari Subbu
|RA Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Avalu Laila Alla, Naanu Majnu Alla (2023) - Movie |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/avalu-laila-alla-naanu-majnu-alla/ET00368839 |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=8 September 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Kaddha Chitra''
|Suhas Krishna
|[[Vijay Raghavendra]], Namrata Surendranath, Raghu Shivamogga, Sujith Suprabha
|Shanvi Talkies
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=ಚಿನ್ನಾರಿ ಮುತ್ತ ವಿಜಯ ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ಅಭಿನಯದ 'ಕದ್ದ' ಚಿತ್ರ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಗೆ ಮುಹೂರ್ತ ಫಿಕ್ಸ್ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/chinnari-mutta-vijay-raghavendra-starrer-kadda-release-date-fixed-149998 |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=Zee News Kannada |date=3 August 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Paryaya''
|Ramananda Mitra
|Santhosh, [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], Archana Shetty
|Mamatha Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Paryaya Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/paryaya/movieshow/103462201.cms |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=8 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''15'''
| align="center" |''13 Part-1''
|Narendra Babu
|[[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Pramod Shetty]], Dilip Pai
|UV Productions
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title='13' locks its release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/sep/06/13-locks-its-release-date-2612005.html |access-date=6 September 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Parimala D'Souza''
|Giridhar H T
|Komala Banavasee, [[Bhavya]], [[Srinivas Prabhu]]
|Village Road Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Parimala D'Souza Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/parimala-dsouza/movieshow/102971704.cms |access-date=15 September 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Tales of Mahanagara]]''
|Rajeev Kiran Vaneil
|Atharv Vijay, Ramola Shimoga, Sampath Maitreya, RJ Anoopa
|Atharv Pictures
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Tales of Mahanagara Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/tales-of-mahanagara/movieshow/103658836.cms |access-date=15 September 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |''[[Tatsama Tadbhava]]''
|Vishal Atreya
| [[Prajwal Devaraj]], [[Meghana Raj]], Aravinnd Iyer, [[T. S. Nagabharana]], Balaji Manohar
|PB Studios4 Anvit Cinemas
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Meghana Raj's comeback film, 'Tatsama Tatbhava' locks release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/aug/22/meghana-rajscomeback-film-tatsama-tatbhava-locks-release-date-2607522.html |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=22 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''22'''
|align="center" |''Aaraariraaro''
|Sandeep Shetty
|Prasanna V. Shetty, Niriksha Shetty, Veena Kamath, Jeeva Simon
|TMT Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaraariraaro Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/aaraariraaro/movieshow/103839881.cms|access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Bun-Tea''
|Uday Kumar
|Maurya, Tanmay, Umesh Sakkarenadu
|Radhakrishna Pictures
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bun-Tea locks release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/sep/11/bun-tea-locks-release-date-47523.html |access-date=11 September 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=11 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Digvijaya''
|Durga Prasad
|Jayaprabhu Lingayat, Sneha Khatri, [[Suchendra Prasad]], [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
|J P Entertainment World
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Digvijaya (2023) - Movie |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/digvijaya/ET00369383 |access-date=22 August 2023 |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=22 September 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Dvandva''
|Bharath Laxmikantha
|[[Thilak Shekar]], Asiya Firdose, Nayana Raj, Anitha Bhat, Bala Rajwadi
|Common Man Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Tilak to star in sci-fi film, 'Dvandva'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/31/tilak-to-star-in-sci-fi-film-dvandva-2533299.html |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=31 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Honeymoon in Bangkok''
|Sanjay B. S.
|Uday Surya, Anu Gowda, Ananya Dey, Vijay Chandur, Preksha Rao
|R S Productions
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Honeymoon in Bangkok (2023) - Movie |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/honeymoon-in-bangkok/ET00369812 |access-date=22 August 2023 |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=22 September 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Olave Mandara 2''
|S. R. Patil
|Sanath, Prajna Bhat, [[Bhavya]]
|Basava Combines
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Olave Mandara 2 is set to hit screens on September 15 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/sep/04/olave-mandara-2-is-set-to-hit-screens-on-september-15-2611384.html |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The New Indian Express |date=4 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Parishuddam''
|Karthik Venkatesh
|Bhargav B. V., Archana Pillegowda, [[Sparsha Rekha]], Rohan Kidiyoor, [[Neethu|Neethu Shetty]]
|Biruver Cine Creations
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Parishuddam (2023) - Movie |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/parishuddam/ET00337075 |access-date=22 August 2023 |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=22 September 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000; background:#ffc04c;" |'''28'''
| align="center" |''[[Baanadariyalli]]''
|[[Preetham Gubbi]]
|[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], [[Reeshma Nanaiah]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]]
|Sri Vaare Talkies
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=Trailer Of Banadariyalli Promises An Entertaining Romantic Drama; Watch Here |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/trailer-of-banadariyalli-promises-an-entertaining-romantic-drama-watch-here-8567737.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Chikku''
|[[S. U. Arun Kumar]]
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]], [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)|Anjali Nair]], Sahasra Shree
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Etaki Entertainment]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Chikku Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/chikku/movieshow/104011939.cms|access-date=28 September 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=28 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" | ''[[Thothapuri: Chapter 2]]''
|[[Vijaya Prasad]]
|[[Jaggesh]], [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]], [[Aditi Prabhudeva]], [[Suman Ranganathan]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], [[Veena Sundar]]
|Suresh Arts Pvt. Limited
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=The new release date for Totapuri 2 announced |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/sep/23/the-new-releasedate-for-totapuri-2announced-2617386.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=23 September 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" | ''Kranthi Veera''
|Aadath M. P.
|Ajith Jayraj, Dr. Janvi Jyothi, [[Pramod Shetty]], Victory Vasu, Joe Simon, Bhavani Prakash
|Heeralal Movies, A B Networks, SKJ Productions, Druthi Creations, Hindusthan Productions, Unequeorn Studios London
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Krranthiveera - Movie |work=Bookmyshow.com |date=2023-09-07 |language=kn}}</ref>
|}

==October – December==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#ede4fe; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T O B E R'''
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''6'''
|align="center" |''Aade Nam God''
|align="center"|[[P. H. Vishwanath]]
|Nataraj Bhat, Sarika Rao, Ajit Boppanalli, [[B. Suresha]], Anoop Shoonya
|BBR Films Everest India Entertainers
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Shashiprasad S. |date=2023-06-13 |title=Kannada actor Nataraj's next is a satire that reflects harsh realities of society |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-natarajs-next-is-a-satire-that-reflects-harsh-realities-of-society/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The South First |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Abhiramachandra]]''
|align="center"|Nagendra Ganiga
|Ratha Kiran, [[Siddu Moolimani]], Natya Ranga, Shivani Rai V, [[S. Narayan]]
|AGS Productions
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/abhiramachandra/ET00362840}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Fighter (2023 film)|Fighter]]''
|align="center"| Nuthana Umesha
|[[Vinod Prabhakar]], Lekha Chandra, [[Paavana Gowda]], [[Nirosha|Nirosha Radha]]
|Akash Enterprises
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod Prabhakar's 'Fighter' set for an October release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2023/sep/16/vinod-prabhakars-fighter-set-for-an-october-release-2615263.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express|date=16 September 2023 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod Prabhakar takes on a fresh avatar in Fighter |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/aug/29/vinod-prabhakar-takes-on-a-fresh-avatar-in-fighter-47066.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=29 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Fighter's teaser has got fans excited |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/fighters-teaser-has-got-fans-excited/articleshow/103147421.cms |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Love''
|align="center"|Mahesha C Ammalidoddy
|Prajay Jayram, Vrusha Patil, Radhika Bhat, Satish Kanthara
|Sri Kaala Bhaireshwara Movie Makers
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Bengaluru |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/love-kannada/ET00367422}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Mr. and Mrs. Manmatha''
|align="center"|A. Subramani
|A. Subramani
|
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr and Mrs Manmatha Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Bengaluru |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/mr-and-mrs-manmatha/ET00371638}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Raja Marthanda]]''
|align="center"| K. Ram Narayan
|[[Chiranjeevi Sarja]], [[Deepti Sati]], Meghashree, [[Saurav Lokesh]], [[Chikkanna]], [[Devaraj]]
|Sri Madeshwara Productions
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/raja-marthanda/ET00306903}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''12'''
|align="center" |''Jalapata''
|align="center"| S V Ramesh Begar
|Rajneesh M, Nagashree Begar ,[[Pramod Shetty]], B L Ravikumar, Rekha Premkumar
|
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/jalapata/ET00372095}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''13'''
|align="center" |''Kudru''
|align="center"| Bhaskar Naik
|Harshith Shetty, Priya Hegde, Godwin Sparkle, Farhan Udupi, Diana D'Souza
|Moksha Creations
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/kudru/ET00371003}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Marakastra]]''
|align="center"| Gurumurthy Sunami
|[[Malashri]], Ayyappa P Sharma, [[Harshika Poonacha]], Ugramm Manju, Anand Aarya
|NKS Shraavya Combines
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/marakastra/ET00362767}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Vesha''
|align="center"| Krishna Nadpal
|Raghavendra Devadiga, Nidhi Maroli, Manju Pavagada, Jayaprakash Shetty
|Hamsini Creations
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/vesha/ET00372390}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''19'''
|align="center"|''[[Ghost (2023 film)|Ghost]]''
|align="center"|[[M. G. Srinivas]]
|[[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Jayaram]], [[Prashant Narayanan]], [[Archana Jois]], [[H. G. Dattatreya]], [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]]
|Sandesh Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-25 |title=Shivarajkumar's 'Ghost' gets a release date |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shivarajkumars-ghost-gets-a-release-date/article67234585.ece |access-date=2023-10-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''20'''
|align="center"|''Premam 2Two''
|align="center"|Vinay Ratnasiddhi
|Vinay Ratnasiddhi, Vaishnavi Nagarathna, Shankuntala Dharigowda, Sushmitha Urvi, Kaveri Hadhadi
|Ratnasiddhi Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/premam-2two/ET00367093}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ede3ef;"|'''27'''
|align="center"|''[[Tagaru Palya]]''
|align="center"|Umesha K. Krupa
|[[Nagabhushana]], Amrutha Prem, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Sharath Lohithaswa]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Vasuki Vaibhav]], [[Chitra Shenoy]], [[Vaijanath Biradar]]
|[[Dhananjaya (actor)#As producer (Daali Pictures)|Daali Pictures]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|date=21 October 2023|title='ಡಾಲಿ' ಧನಂಂಜಯ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ, ಉಮೇಶ್ ಕೆ ಕೃಪ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನದ 'ಟಗರು ಪಲ್ಯ' ಸಿನಿಮಾವು ಇದೇ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 27ರಂದು ತೆರೆಗೆ ಬರುತ್ತಿದೆ|newspaper=Vijaya Karnataka|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/vk-gallery/cinema/daali-dhananjay-and-tara-anuradha-meet-cm-siddaramaiah-and-invite-to-tagaru-palya-movie-premiere-show/photoshow/104611130.cms|access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="21" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V E M B E R'''
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''3'''
|align="center"|''Basrikatte''
|align="center"|Vaibhav Gowda
|[[Rahul Madhav]], Ananya Kashyap, Ashwin Hassan, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
|Geethanjali Films
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/basrikatte/ET00373726}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Bhavapoorna''
|align="center"|Chethan Mundadi
|Atharva Prakash, Venya Rai, Ramesh Pandit, Manjunath Hegde
|GL Motion Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bhavapoorna/ET00374522}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Crazy Keerthy''
|align="center"|Balaji Madhavashetty
|Abilash Dalapathy, Sarika Rao, Risha Gowda, [[Om Prakash Rao]], [[Rangayana Raghu]]
|Priya Balaji Productions
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/crazy-keerthy/ET00374404}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Cycle Savari''
|align="center"|Devu K. Ambiga
|Devu K. Ambiga, Deeksha Bhise
|
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/cycle-savari/ET00374924}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Garuda Purana''
|align="center"|Manjunath B. Nagba
|Manjunath B. Nagba, Santhosh Karki, Disha Shetty
|27 Frames Creations
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/garuda-purana/ET00365797}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''TRP Rama''
|align="center"|Ravi Prasad
|Ravi Prasad, [[Mahalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Mahalakshmi]], Pallavi Parva, Harish Arasu
|Ashutosh Pictures
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/trp-rama/ET00374753}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''10'''
|align="center"|''[[Garadi (film)|Garadi]]''
|align="center"|[[Yogaraj Bhat]]
|Yashas Surya, [[B.C. Patil]], [[Sonal Monteiro]], [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]
| Sowmya Films [[B. C. Patil|Kourava Production House]]
|align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Garadi gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/sep/20/garadi-gets-a-release-date-47802.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=29 September 2023 |language=en |date=20 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Naa Kolikke Ranga''
|align="center"|Goravale Mahesh
|[[Master Anand]], Rajeshwari, [[Bhavya]], [[Shobhraj]], [[Vaijanath Biradar]], [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
| The Maneleo Creations
|align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title=anand-starrer-na-kolike-ranga-movie-will-be-release-on-november-10 |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kannada/karnataka/entertainment/movie/anand-starrer-na-kolike-ranga-movie-will-be-release-on-november-10/ka20231107204024364364256 |website=ETV Bharath.com|access-date=10 November 2023 |language=en |date=10 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Royal Mech''
|align="center"|Nagabhooshan Janthagal Jayadev Hassan
|Danush Madhavan, Shravya Rao, [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], [[Vinaya Prasad]]
|Shabari Films
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Mech |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/mysuru-mysore/movies/royal-mech/ET00374946}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Rudri''
|align="center"|Badiger Devendra
|Paavana Gowda, Sudha Prasanna, Sameer Nagarad, Dayanand sagar, Gurunath Chintamani
|align="center" |Ideaworks Motion Pictures
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web | title=Rudri Nammaflix
|url= https://www.nammaflix.com/video/MOVIE-3bf656b7eb4c4abc8828f398829ccb0d}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Vasanthakalada Hoogalu''
|align="center"|Sachin Shetty
|Sachin Rathod, Radha Bhagavathi, Ramesh Rai Kukkuvalli
|align ="center" |
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vasanthakalada Hoogalu bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/vasanthakalada-hoogalu/ET00374925}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''17'''
|align="center"|''Bembidada Naavika''
|align="center"|Sriyaan Mysuru
|Sriyaan Mysuru, Priyadarshini Krishna, Aishwarya Phaniraj, [[Bala Rajwadi]]
|Sri Ambalpadi Mahakali Combines
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bembidada Naavika (2023) bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bembidada-naavika/ET00375059}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Bhai''
|align="center"|Manju Yaluvigi
|Yuva 'Pooja Basavaraj', Lucky Ram, Sukanya, Prashanth
|Bhagyashree Films
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhai (2023) bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bhai-kannada/ET00376160}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Nethram''
|align="center"|Billur Suresh
|Daksh Garag, Dhanashri Basava
|Sri Jaya Surya Movies
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nethram (2023) bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/nethram/ET00374851}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''Rajayoga''
|align="center"|Lingaraj Uchchangi Durga
|Dharmanna Kadur, Niriksha Rao, Nagendra Shah
|Sri Ramarathna Productions
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajayoga (2023) bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/rajayoga/ET00376008}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B]]''
|align="center" |[[Hemant Rao]]
|[[Rakshit Shetty]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]], [[Chaithra J. Achar]], [[Sharath Lohithaswa]], Gopalkrishna Desai
|[[Paramvah Studios]]
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-30 |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello Side B release postponed from October 19th to October 27th |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-release-postponed-from-october-19th-to-october-27th/articleshow/104060858.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Release date of 'Sapta Sagaradaache Ello - Side B' rescheduled again |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/oct/21/release-date-of-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-rescheduled-again-2625817.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The New Indian Express|date=21 October 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[The Vacant House]]''
|align="center"|[[Ester Noronha]]
|[[Ester Noronha]], [[Sundeep Malani]], Shreyas Chinga, Seema Buthello
|Janet Noronha Productions
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Vacant House (2023) bookmyshow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/the-vacant-house/ET00375531}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''24'''
|align="center" |''[[Bad Manners (2023 film)|Bad Manners]]''
|align="center" | [[Duniya Suri]]
|[[Abhishek Ambareesh]], [[Rachita Ram]], [[Sharath Lohithaswa]], [[Kuri Prathap]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]
|Studio 18
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bad Manners |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bad-manners/ET00358805}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''Electronic City''
|align="center" | Chikkanna Ramakrishnaiah
|Aryan Harsha, Diya Ashlesh, Rakshitha Keremane, Bhavya Ruthwik
| Chikkanna Ramakrishnaiah
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Electronic City |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/electronic-city/ET00376550 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=BookMyshow}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|''[[Sugar Factory (film)|Sugar Factory]]''
|align="center"| Deepak Aras
|[[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Darling Krishna]], [[Sonal Monteiro]], Adhvithi Shetty, Ruhani Shetty, [[Rangayana Raghu]]
|Balamani Productions
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sugar Factory |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/mysuru-mysore/movies/royal-mech/ET00345370}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |''[[Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye]]''
|align="center" | [[Raj B. Shetty]]
|[[Raj B. Shetty]], [[Siri Ravikumar]], Balaji Manohar
|[[Ramya (actress)|AppleBox Studios]] Lighter Buddha Films
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Raj B Shetty's 'Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye' gets a release date|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/oct/25/raj-b-shettys-swathi-mutthina-male-haniye-gets-a-release-date-2626873.html|access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="19" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | '''D E C E M B E R'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''1'''
|align="center"|''Anavarana''
|align="center"| Harish Kumar B. K.
|Arjun Yogi, Sarika Rao, [[Gaurish Akki]], Nandagopal
| Namma Cinema Movie Makers
|align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anavarana |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/anavarana/ET00374738}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''Ardhambardha Premakathe''
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Aravind Kaushik]]
|[[Aravind KP]], Divya Uruduga, Suraj Hoogar, Shreya Babu, Abhilash Dwarkish
| Bukus Media
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web | title=Ardhambardha Premakathe (2023) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date - BookMyShow | url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ardhambardha-premakathe/ET00367044 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124070404/https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ardhambardha-premakathe/ET00367044 | access-date=2025-11-16 | archive-date=2023-11-24}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| ''Garudiga''
| style="text-align:center;"| P. Vidha Raghav
|Rudwin Vir, Manasa Gowda, Archana Pillegowda, Sonu Rakshi
| MV Films
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |author=Y Maheswara Reddy |title=Farmers' tale |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/farmers-tale/articleshow/105192207.cms |access-date=2023-11-25 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| ''Ranchi''
|style="text-align:center;"| Shashikant Gatti
|[[Prabhu Mundkur]], [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]], Divya Uruduga, [[Suresh Heblikar]]
|Rudra Films Girija Talkies Shashikant Motion Pictures PVT LTD
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=RanchiUA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/ranchi/movieshow/96705998.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| ''Shoshite''
|style="text-align:center;"| Sasidhar Reddy
|Jhanvi Rayala, Roopa Rayappa, Prashanthkumar Ramaswamy
|Nature View Outdoor Carnival Productions
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shoshite 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/shoshite/ET00370731}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''7'''
|style="text-align:center;"|''Athi I Love You''
|style="text-align:center;"| Lokendra Surya
|Lokendra Surya, Shravya Rao
|Seven Raj Arts
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Athi I Love You 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/athi-i-love-you/ET00376412}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''8'''
|style="text-align:center;"|''[[Kaiva (2023 film)|Kaiva]]''
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Jayatheertha]]
|[[Dhanveerah]], [[Megha Shetty]], [[Jayram Karthik|Jayaram Karthik]], [[Dinakar Thoogudeepa]]
|Abhuvanasa Creations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaiva release date: Dhanveerah - Megha Shetty's retro romance actioner in theatres this December |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kaiva-release-date-dhanveerah-megha-shettys-retro-romance-actioner-in-theatres-this-december/d38002d2de514 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''Marichi''
|style="text-align:center;"| Siddhruv Siddhu
|[[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Sonu Gowda]], Abhi Das, Sruthi Patil
|SS REC Productions
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marichi 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/marichi/ET00371259}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''Politics Kalyana''
|style="text-align:center;"| Kavi Rajesh
|Pankaj Narayan, Sasya Kanchu, [[V. Manohar]], Nischitha Shetty
|Ganesh Creations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics Kalyana 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/politics-kalyana/ET00377023}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''14'''
|style="text-align:center;"|''Sneharshi''
|style="text-align:center;"| Kiran Narayan
|Kiran Narayan, Sanjana Burli, [[Sudha Belawadi]]
|Sri Lakshmi Beteraya Combines
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sneharshi 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/sneharshi/ET00374474}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''15'''
|style="text-align:center;"|''Aa Rahasya''
|style="text-align:center;"| Mandya Nagaraj
|[[Thriller Manju]], Anushree
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aa Rahasya 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/aa-rahasya/ET00379596}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''December 16''
|style="text-align:center;"| Madhusudhan Havaldar
| Umesh Banakar, Rishi, [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]]
|Nagarjuna Cine Creations
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=December 16 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/december-16/ET00379314}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''Halli Mukka''
|style="text-align:center;"| B. Manju
| Guru Prasad, Varnika Gowda
|Sri Dandina Durgadevi Cine Movies
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Halli Mukka 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/halli-mukka/ET00379572}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''[[Mayanagari]]''
|style="text-align:center;"| Shankar Aradhya
| [[Anish Tejeshwar]], Teju, Shravya Rao, [[Dwarakish]], [[Chikkanna]]
|Sandalwood Pictures
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maayanagari 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/maayanagari/ET00378425}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''O Nanna Chethana''
|style="text-align:center;"| Apurva
| Prathick Manjunath, Preetham Manjunath, Shaurya Deepak, Dimpana Jeevankumar, Daneshwari Surangi
|S. S. Enterprises
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=O Nanna Chethana 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/o-nanna-chethana/ET00379451}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''Useless Fellow''
|style="text-align:center;"| Manu Basavaraj
|Manu Basavaraj, Vijay Suriya, Divya Gowda, Vinod Gobbaragaala
|Rajarathna Productions
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Useless Fellow 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/useless-fellow/ET00379107}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; textcolor:#000;background:#F7C099;" |'''29'''
|style="text-align:center;"|''Athma Thallana''
|style="text-align:center;"| SP Krishna Kyathmarnalli
|Adikesavalu Reddy
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atma Thallana 2023 film|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/atma-thallana/ET00381790}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|''[[Kaatera]]''
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Tharun Sudhir]]
|[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], Aradhana Ram, [[Jagapathi Babu|Jagapati Babu]], [[Vijanath Biradar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]
|[[Rockline Productions]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/darshan-starrer-katera-movie-to-be-released-on-december-29-mcr-728300.html | title='ಕಾಟೇರ' ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ದಿನಾಂಕ ಘೋಷಣೆ, ಪ್ಯಾನ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಗಳಿಗೆ ಸೆಡ್ಡು ಹೊಡೆದ ದರ್ಶನ್ | date=29 November 2023 }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Cinema of Karnataka}}
{{2023 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannada Films Of 2023}}
[[Category:2023 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Lists of 2023 films by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Kannada films by year|2023]]

Bobby Simha

2026-04-24T07:23:39Z

Mvjceng: started new stub...

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bobby Simha
| image = Bobby Simha at Urumeen Audio Launch .jpg
| caption = Bobby Simha at the audio launch of ''[[Urumeen]]'' (2015)
| birth_name = Jayasimha
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|11|06}}<ref name="dob" />
| birth_place = [[Secundrabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<ref name="dob"/> (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| yearsactive = 2007–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Reshmi Menon]]|2016}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Reshma Pasupuleti]] (Cousin)
| website =
| other_names = Simha<ref>{{cite tweet|user=actorsimha|number=1623893412436131840|title=Photo}}</ref>
| occupation = Actor
}}
'''Jayasimha''' (born 6 November 1983), better known as '''Bobby Simha''', is an Indian actor who predominantly appears in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films. After making brief appearances in the films ''[[Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi]]'' and ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' (2012), he portrayed a kidnapper in Nalan Kumarasamy's ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' and a comic villain in [[Alphonse Putharen]]'s ''[[Neram]]''. Simha's subsequent performance as the [[Madurai]] gangster [[Assault Sethu]] in [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' (2014) won him critical acclaim and the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bobby-simha-on-cloud-nine-after-jigarthanda-news-tamil-oisob3bifafgh.html|title=Bobby Simha on Cloud Nine after 'Jigarthanda'|work=Sify|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027105626/http://www.sify.com/movies/bobby-simha-on-cloud-nine-after-jigarthanda-news-tamil-oisob3bifafgh.html|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bobby Simha was born in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family on 6 November 1983 in [[Secundrabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]).<ref name="dob">{{cite AV media |title= Actor Bobby Simha (Disco Raja ) Exclusive Interview |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=lFAQtALPmaE |publisher=iDream Telugu Movies |date=23 August 2019 |access-date=22 November 2022 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Simha's family is from [[Mopidevi]], [[Krishna District|Krishna district]], Andhra Pradesh but they moved to [[Kodaikanal]] in 1995.<ref name = times>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Stood-in-the-sun-in-my-underwear-Simhaa/articleshow/40687698.cms|title=Stood in the sun in my underwear: Simhaa|work=The Times of India|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826080335/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Stood-in-the-sun-in-my-underwear-Simhaa/articleshow/40687698.cms|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> He subsequently completed his schooling at Priyadarshini Vidyalayam, a Telugu Medium School, in [[Mopidevi]], [[Krishna District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and then attended college at Pioneer College of Arts and Science in [[Coimbatore]].<ref name = times/>

In 2005, he participated in a Coimbatore-based event called Naalaya Natchathiram, where chief guests [[Sundar C]] and [[E. Ramdoss]] suggested that he should attempt to become an actor in Tamil films.<ref name="times" /> Simha stated that he received an offer to feature in a TV serial in Chennai and only after making the journey from Coimbatore, did he realise he had been conned.<ref name="times" /> Simha subsequently finished his degree and came back to [[Chennai]] to pursue a career in acting but ended up working in marketing, insurance and [[business process outsourcing]] to fulfill his financial needs.

== Career ==

=== 2007–2012: Early work ===

Bobby Simha appeared in an uncredited role in ''[[Maya Kannadi]]'' (2007). [[Balaji Mohan]], who was a short-film maker, gave him a small role in his first feature film, ''[[Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi]]''. Both ventures became critically acclaimed and amongst the most profitable of 2012.<ref name="Gangs of Madurai">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gangs-of-madurai/article5764144.ece|title=Gangs of Madurai|work=The Hindu|date=8 March 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629105808/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gangs-of-madurai/article5764144.ece|archive-date=29 June 2014|url-status=live|last1=Naig|first1=Udhav}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/critics-choice-of-10-best-tamil-films-of-2012-news-tamil-mm0swHbcfebsi.html|title=Critics' Choice of 10 best Tamil films of 2012|work=Sify|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027112639/http://www.sify.com/movies/critics-choice-of-10-best-tamil-films-of-2012-news-tamil-mm0swHbcfebsi.html|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/2012-top-grossers-at-the-box-office-news-tamil-mmymFPgigchsi.html|title=2012- Top grossers at the Box-Office|work=Sify|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027111133/http://www.sify.com/movies/2012-top-grossers-at-the-box-office-news-tamil-mmymFPgigchsi.html|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He subsequently became acquainted with short-film maker Manikandan, who introduced him to his friend, another short-film maker [[Karthik Subbaraj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdtvindia-short-film-insight.weebly.com/interviews/simha-actor|title=SimHA - Actor|work=CDTV.in - Short Films Insight|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009195314/http://cdtvindia-short-film-insight.weebly.com/interviews/simha-actor|archive-date=9 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The pair subsequently made a series of short films together, with Subbaraj giving Simha a role in his directorial debut ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'', too.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-baddie-on-the-block/article4750107.ece New baddie on the block] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731193738/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-baddie-on-the-block/article4750107.ece |date=31 July 2013 }}. The Hindu (2013-05-25). Retrieved on 2014-03-26.</ref>

=== 2013–2017: Critical acclaim ===

Simha then appeared in ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' (2013) portraying the role of Pagalavan, and played the antagonist in the bilingual ''[[Neram]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bobby-simha-steals-the-show-in-jigarthanda/article6299204.ece|title=Baddie like Bobby|work=The Hindu|date=9 August 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202043335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bobby-simha-steals-the-show-in-jigarthanda/article6299204.ece|archive-date=2 December 2014|url-status=live|last1=Srinivasan|first1=Sudhir}}</ref> his performances in both films were received well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-baddie-on-the-block/article4750107.ece|title=New baddie on the block|work=The Hindu|date=25 May 2013|access-date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731193738/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-baddie-on-the-block/article4750107.ece|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|last1=Naig|first1=Udhav}}</ref> In 2014, he was seen in the role of an ageing Madurai gangster in ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''<ref name="Gangs of Madurai"/> with his portrayal winning him critical praise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140802/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-jigarthanda-film-not-be-missed|title=Movie Review 'Jigarthanda': A film not to be missed|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=2 August 2014|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009083422/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140802/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-jigarthanda-film-not-be-missed|archive-date=9 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Jigarthanda/movie-review/39436452.cms|title=Jigarthanda|work=The Times of India|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912202029/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Jigarthanda/movie-review/39436452.cms|archive-date=12 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview he said that in order to get into the character, he had interacted with real gangsters to learn their behaviour and nuances. To tan his skin, he stood in the sun at noon wearing only his shorts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Simhaa-interacted-with-real-rowdies-for-Jigarthanda/articleshow/31524034.cms|title=Simhaa interacted with real rowdies for 'Jigarthanda'|work=The Times of India|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313045126/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Simhaa-interacted-with-real-rowdies-for-Jigarthanda/articleshow/31524034.cms|archive-date=13 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews in August 2014,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/paying-anurag-kashyap-back/article6386213.ece|title=Calling Karthik|work=The Hindu|date=6 September 2014 |access-date=9 October 2014|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011124906/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/paying-anurag-kashyap-back/article6386213.ece|url-status=live|last1=Kamath |first1=Sudhish }}</ref> with ''[[The Hindu]]'' writing that it had achieved "cult status" within a week of its release.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-jigarthanda-juggernaut/article6291445.ece|title=The Jigarthanda juggernaut|author=SUBHA J RAO|work=The Hindu|date=7 August 2014 |access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130103729/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-jigarthanda-juggernaut/article6291445.ece|archive-date=30 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Simha won positive reviews for his depiction of Sethu, with Rediff.com noting that Simha "steals the show. He is chillingly menacing at times, while completely hilarious in others, but equally convincing in both", stating it is "a truly remarkable performance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-jigarthanda-is-a-fun-ride/20140801.htm|title=Review: Jigarthanda is a fun ride|date=1 August 2014|work=Rediff|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014024826/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-jigarthanda-is-a-fun-ride/20140801.htm|archive-date=14 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from Sify.com delivered a similar verdict, writing "truly the film belongs to Simhaa. He is electrifying especially in the first half, where he brings out the viciousness and violent streak of the character along with that eerie laughter."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jigarthanda-review-tamil-15058085.html|title=Movie Review : Jigarthanda|work=Sify|access-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025120033/http://www.sify.com/movies/jigarthanda-review-tamil-15058085.html|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> His performance in the film earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/national-award-incentive-to-do-good-work-bobby-simha-115032401121_1.html|title=National Award incentive to do good work: Bobby Simha|last=IANS|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=24 March 2015|access-date=25 February 2019|via=Business Standard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230900/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/national-award-incentive-to-do-good-work-bobby-simha-115032401121_1.html|archive-date=27 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After ''Jigarthanda'' he played a lead role in the Malayalam film ''[[Beware of Dogs]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-also-inspired-by-Christian-Bale-says-Simhaa/articleshow/32850328.cms|title=I was also inspired by Christian Bale, says Simhaa|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924040956/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-was-also-inspired-by-Christian-Bale-says-Simhaa/articleshow/32850328.cms|archive-date=24 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> while in ''[[Aadama Jaichomada]]'' he played Bhoominathan, a "serious, intelligent cop but with a comic touch".<ref name="bollywoodlife.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/bobby-simha-ill-never-play-another-assault-sethu/#!1//|title=Bobby Simha: I'll never play another Assault Sethu!|date=16 September 2014|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017014100/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/bobby-simha-ill-never-play-another-assault-sethu/#!1//|archive-date=17 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The success of ''Jigarthanda'' had created opportunities for Bobby Simha to become a lead actor, though several of his subsequent films did not perform well commercially.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/After-Jigarthanda-it%E2%80%99s-Iraivi-for-Karthik-Subbaraj/2014/09/11/article2424511.ece|title=After Jigarthanda, it's Iraivi for Karthik Subbaraj|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024085852/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/After-Jigarthanda-it%E2%80%99s-Iraivi-for-Karthik-Subbaraj/2014/09/11/article2424511.ece|archive-date=24 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2015, he appeared in ''[[Urumeen]]'', his first film as a solo action hero.

In 2016, he appeared in the coming-of-age drama, ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'', where he portrayed a softer role in comparison to his earlier action films. Simha had offered his own dates to the producers to portray a character in the film, with his performance receiving mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bobby-simha-talks-about-bangalore-naatkal/article8202964.ece|title=A new face|first=Subha J.|last=Rao|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 February 2016|access-date=25 February 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206140807/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bobby-simha-talks-about-bangalore-naatkal/article8202964.ece|archive-date=6 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He play the role of a young and enthusiastic reporter in political thriller ''[[Ko 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlykollywood.com/bobby-simha-opens-up-about-ko-2/|title=Bobby Simha opens up about Ko 2|first=Only|last=Kollywood|date=11 May 2016|website=Only Kollywood}}</ref> Director Karthik Subbaraj scripts a story of male arrogance in the multi-starrer ''[[Iraivi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/iraivi-review-a-dark-tale-of-male-arrogance/story-i3CTemJcMMoPRrvUSVpp5O.html|title=Iraivi review: A dark tale of male arrogance|date=3 June 2016|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In 2017, [[Susi Ganesan]]'s ''[[Thiruttu Payale 2]]'' is the sequel to the [[Thiruttu Payale|2006 thriller film]] which went on to become a hit at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/thiruttu-payale-2-review-engaging-thriller-which-improves-first-film-72491|title='Thiruttu Payale 2' Review: Engaging thriller which improves on the first film|date=1 December 2017|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

=== 2018–present ===
He has signed to play as antagonist for ''[[Saamy Square]]'' (2018), which is the sequel of ''[[Saamy]]'', directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.top10cinema.com/article/42868/bobby-simha-to-lock-horns-with-chiyaan-vikram|title=Bobby Simha to lock horns with Chiyaan Vikram|date=2017-06-13|work=Top 10 Cinema|access-date=2017-06-13|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223819/https://www.top10cinema.com/article/42868/bobby-simha-to-lock-horns-with-chiyaan-vikram|archive-date=25 February 2019|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Bobby Simah's first release of the year 2019 was ''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'', in which he shared screen space with [[Rajinikanth]]. He later went on to do ''[[Agni Devi]]'' and ''[[Edaina Jaragocchu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bobby-simha-s-next-floors-be-helmed-debutant-director-113206|title=Bobby Simha's next on the floors, to be helmed by debutant director|date=30 November 2019|website=The News Minute}}</ref> In November 2019, ''[[Film Companion]]'' ranked Simha's performance in ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' among the ''100 Greatest Performances of the decade.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html|title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade|website=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade|language=en|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2020, he played the antagonist with [[Ravi Teja]]'s in Telugu movie ''[[Disco Raja]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bobby-simha-on-playing-the-antagonist-in-ravi-tejas-disco-raja-and-not-being-a-regular-villain/article30615100.ece|title=Bobby Simha on playing the antagonist in Ravi Teja's 'Disco Raja' and not being a regular 'villain'|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 January 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He was seen in [[Amazon Prime Video]]'s Anthology ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]'', where he played the lead role in [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s segment titled, ''Miracle''. In 2022, Bobby Simha play in pivotal role with [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' directed by Karthik Subbaraj exclusively on [[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/bobby-simha-s-upcoming-action-thriller-mahaan-first-look-poster-out-113527.html|title=Bobby Simha's upcoming Action- Thriller 'Mahaan'; first look poster out|website=www.adgully.com|date=27 January 2022 }}</ref> Later, Bobby Simha play a cameo for his debut in the Kannada film industry with [[Rakshit Shetty]]'s ''[[777 Charlie]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bobby-simha-to-play-a-cameo-in-rakshit-shetty-s-kannada-film-777-charlie-1738553-2020-11-06|title=Bobby Simha to play a cameo in Rakshit Shetty's Kannada film 777 Charlie|website=India Today|date=6 November 2020 }}</ref> In Telugu, he did ''[[Ammu (2022 film)|Ammu]]'' (2022) for Amazon Prime and worked with [[Chiranjeevi]] in ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]'' (2023) where he plays the villain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/my-mirror-is-my-teacher-says-bobby-simha/|title=Interview: My mirror is my teacher, says Bobby Simha|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=7 January 2023}}</ref> He is also playing pivotal roles in ''[[Vallavanukkum Vallavan]]'' (2023) and the [[S. Shankar]]'s, ''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024) as a CBI officer with [[Kamal Haasan]].

== Personal life ==
Bobby Simha got engaged to ''Urumeen'' co-star [[Reshmi Menon]] in November 2015, and they married on 22 April 2016. The couple has two children– a daughter (born 2017),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bobby-simha-reshmi-menons-engagement-be-held-sunday-photos-653750|title=Bobby Simha-Reshmi Menon's engagement held on Sunday|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=8 November 2015|access-date=8 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108200952/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bobby-simha-reshmi-menons-engagement-be-held-sunday-photos-653750|archive-date=8 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/4198/|title=Bobby Simha and Reshmi Menon have chosen this name for their daughter|date=2 June 2017|access-date=19 November 2017|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011124906/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/tamil/news/4198/|url-status=live}}</ref> and a son (born 2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bobby-simhaa-and-reshmi-menon-welcome-their-second-child-together-a-baby-boy-1618364-2019-11-13 |title=Bobby Simhaa and Reshmi Menon welcome their second child together, a baby boy|date=13 November 2019|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Bobby Simha & Reshmi Menon blessed with a boy baby">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Bobby Simha & Reshmi Menon blessed with a boy baby |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bobby-simha-reshmi-menon-blessed-with-a-boy-baby/articleshow/72033833.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=19 February 2022 |date=13 November 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219114514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bobby-simha-reshmi-menon-blessed-with-a-boy-baby/articleshow/72033833.cms?from=mdr |archivedate=19 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''Note: he is credited as Simha / Simhaa in Tamil from 2012-2015 and 2020 to present.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Maya Kannadi]]'' || Barber customer || rowspan="5" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Uncredited role
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi]]'' || Rashmi's boyfriend || Credited as Jayasimha
|
|-
| ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' || Bobby ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013 || ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]'' || Shankar Subramaniam || Credited as Jaya Simha
|
|-
| ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' || Pagalavan || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|''[[Neram]]'' || rowspan="2"|Vatti Raja || [[Malayalam]] || rowspan="2"|Bilingual film ||
|-
| Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2014 || ''[[Beware of Dogs]]'' || Amir || Malayalam || ||
|-
| ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' || [[Assault Sethu]] || rowspan="3" | Tamil || ||
|-
| ''[[Aadama Jaichomada]]'' || Inspector Bhoominathan || ||
|-
| ''[[Aaaah (film)|Aaaah]]'' || Prosper || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' || John Mathew Bhaskar || Malayalam || Cameo appearance ||
|-
| ''[[Chennai Ungalai Anbudan Varaverkirathu]]'' || Chellapandi || rowspan="2" | Tamil || ||
|-
| ''[[Masala Padam]]''|| Amudhan || ||
|-
| ''[[Size Zero|Inji Iduppazhagi]]'' || rowspan="2" | Himself || Tamil || rowspan="2"|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''Size Zero'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Urumeen]]'' || Selvaa || rowspan="3" | Tamil || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2016 || ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'' || Kannan (Kutty) || Also narrator ||
|-
| ''[[Aviyal (2016 film)|Aviyal]]'' ||The Gangster || Segment: ''Eli'' ||
|-
| ''[[Run (2016 film)|Run]]'' || Vatti Raja || Telugu || ||
|-
| ''[[Ko 2]]'' || Kumaran || rowspan="9" | Tamil || ||
|-
| ''[[Meera Jaakirathai]]'' || Sivanesan || ||
|-
| ''[[Iraivi]]'' || Jagan || ||
|-
| ''[[Metro (2016 film)|Metro]]'' || Guna || ||
|-
| ''[[Kavalai Vendam]]'' || Arjun || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2017 || ''[[Mupparimanam]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance ||
|-
| ''[[Paambhu Sattai]]''|| Dakshna || ||
|-
| ''[[Karuppan]]'' || Kathir || ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruttu Payale 2]]'' ||Inspector Selvam || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2018 ||''[[Rosapoo]]'' || Actor || rowspan="2" | Malayalam || Cameo appearance ||
|-
|''[[Kammara Sambhavam]]''|| Pulikeshi ||
|
|-
|''[[Saamy Square]]'' || Raavana Pichai || Tamil || ||
|-
|''[[Ladoo (film)|Ladoo]]'' || Joseph Dayanidhi || Malayalam || Cameo appearance ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019 ||''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'' || Michael || rowspan="2" | Tamil || ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Devi]]'' || Agni Dev IPS || ||
|-
| ''[[Edaina Jaragocchu]]'' || Kali || rowspan="2" | Telugu || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 ||''[[Disco Raja]]'' || Burma Sethu || ||
|-
| ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]'' || Devan || Tamil || Segment: ''Miracle''||
|-
| 2021
|''[[Gully Rowdy]]''
| Ravi Nayak IPS
| Telugu ||
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sundeep Kishan's ''Rowdy Baby'' titled changed to ''Gully Rowdy''|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sundeep-kishans-rowdy-baby-titled-changed-to-gully-rowdy/articleshow/81685718.cms|access-date=2021-04-05|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' || Sathyavan Soosaiyappan || Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bobby-simha-joins-cast-vikram-starrer-chiyaan-60-145113|title=Bobby Simha joins the cast of Vikram-starrer 'Chiyaan 60'|date=12 March 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[777 Charlie]]''|| Vamsinadhan || [[Kannada]] || Cameo appearance||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shooting-rakshit-shetty-s-777-charlie-nears-completion-139482|title=Shooting for Rakshit Shetty's '777 Charlie' nears completion|date=12 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ammu (2022 film)|Ammu]]''
|Prabhu
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-10-06 |title=Aishwarya Lekshmi's Telugu movie 'Ammu' to premiere on Prime Video on October 19 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aishwarya-lekshmis-telugu-movie-ammu-to-premiere-on-prime-video-on-october-19/article65975184.ece |access-date=2022-10-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Waltair Veerayya]]''
| Solomon Caesar
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Acharya actor Chiranjeevi accidentally reveals the title of his next film with director Bobby |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/acharya-actor-chiranjeevi-accidentally-reveals-the-title-of-his-next-film-with-director-bobby-1943522-2022-04-29 |website=[[India Today]] |date=29 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Ravi Teja hasn't opted out of Chiranjeevi's Chiru 154, confirms Producer; To start filming in June |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-ravi-teja-hasn-t-opted-out-chiranjeevi-s-chiru-154-confirms-producer-start-filming-june-1082073 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=9 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705164815/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-ravi-teja-hasn-t-opted-out-chiranjeevi-s-chiru-154-confirms-producer-start-filming-june-1082073 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vallavanukkum Vallavan]]''
| Alexander
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
|also producer
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vallavanukkum Vallavan Movie Review : Bobby Simha saves this averagely-written con drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallavanukkum-vallavan/movie-review/97175344.cms |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vasantha Mullai]]''
|Rudhran
|
|<ref name="Vasantha Mullai Movie Review: Bobby Simha and Arya's thriller is a wasted opportunity">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Vasantha Mullai Movie Review: Bobby Simha and Arya's thriller is a wasted opportunity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/showbuzz/reviews/story/vasantha-mullai-movie-review-bobby-simha-and-aryas-thriller-is-a-wasted-opportunity-2332886-2023-02-10 |access-date=10 February 2023 |date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210144427/https://www.indiatoday.in/showbuzz/reviews/story/vasantha-mullai-movie-review-bobby-simha-and-aryas-thriller-is-a-wasted-opportunity-2332886-2023-02-10 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thugs (film)|Thugs]]'' || Durai || ||
|-
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
|Bhaarava
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|[[Razakar (film)|''Razakar'']]
|Rajireddy
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-03-22 |title=Razakar Cast List {{!}} Razakar Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/razakar/cast/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Indian 2]]''
|Pramod Krishnaswamy
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2019 |title=Bobby Simha celebrates birthday on the sets of 'Indian 2' |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bobby-simha-celebrates-birthday-on-the-sets-of-indian-2/articleshow/71951865.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326062707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bobby-simha-celebrates-birthday-on-the-sets-of-indian-2/articleshow/71951865.cms |archive-date=26 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Vaa Vaathiyaar]]''
|Burma
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
|2026
|Bobby Simha25
|Guru
|Telugu Tamil
|Filming
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Non-Violence (film)|Non-violence]]''
|
|Tamil
|Completed; Delayed
|<ref>[https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/10/shriya-saran-to-perform-a-special-dance-number-in-bobby-simha-metro-shirishs-non-violence]</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders
!Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Network
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |
Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref}}
|-
|2018
|''[[Vella Raja]]''
|Deva
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bobby Simha makes his web series debut with Vella Raja |work=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bobby-simha-web-series-debut-vella-raja-5483261/lite/ |access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Navarasa (TV series)|Navarasa]]''
| Nilavan
|[[Netflix]]
| Segment: ''Peace''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navarasa {{!}} 'Peace' review: Karthik Subbaraj's war movie raises uneasy questions |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2021/08/06/navarasa-anthology-peace-karthik-subbaraj-bobby-simha-gautham-menon.html |access-date=20 January 2024 |website=OnManorama |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807021714/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2021/08/06/navarasa-anthology-peace-karthik-subbaraj-bobby-simha-gautham-menon.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Kaiyum Kalavum]]''
| Anna/Partner (Narrator)
|[[Sony Liv]]
| Voice only. Along with [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |work=Cinema Express |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/27/kaiyum-kalavum-to-premiere-on-sonyliv-36032.amp|title=newsKaiyum Kalavum to premiere on SonyLIV|access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==

;[[Vijay Awards]]
* [[9th Vijay Awards|2014]] – [[Vijay Award for Best Villain]] – ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Awards 2015 - Complete list of winners |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-awards-2015-complete-list-of-winners-news-tamil-pe0nhUfhdeigd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505133454/http://www.sify.com/movies/vijay-awards-2015-complete-list-of-winners-news-tamil-pe0nhUfhdeigd.html |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=18 September 2017 |website=[[Sify]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[62nd Filmfare Awards South|2014]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil]] – ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''

;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[62nd National Film Awards|2014]] – [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]] – ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''<ref>{{cite web |date=24 March 2015 |title=62nd National Film Awards: Tamil movies bag eight honours |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/62nd-National-Film-Awards-Tamil-movies-bag-eight-honours/articleshow/46678558.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401065529/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/62nd-National-Film-Awards-Tamil-movies-bag-eight-honours/articleshow/46678558.cms |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=25 March 2015 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
* Best Actor – ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''<ref>{{cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721040708/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=21 July 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

;[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2014 |title=SIIMA 2014 Tamil Nominations: Suriya, Dhanush, Kamal Haasan Feature in Best Actor Category [List] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-tamil-nominations-suriya-dhanush-kamal-haasan-feature-best-actor-category-list-604883 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519165301/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-tamil-nominations-suriya-dhanush-kamal-haasan-feature-best-actor-category-list-604883 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=9 October 2014 |work=International Business Times}}</ref>
*Nominated - Best Actor in a Supporting Role - ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]''
*Nominated - Best Actor in a Negative Role (Tamil) - ''[[Neram]]''
*Nominated - Best Actor in a Negative Role (Malayalam) - ''[[Neram]]''

;[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
*Nominated - Best Actor in a Negative Role (Tamil) - ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''

;[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
* 2014 - [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award for Best Villain]] - ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=5654277}}
{{Commons category}}

{{National Film Award Best Supporting Actor}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Simha, Bobby}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Pawan Jaiswal

2026-04-20T07:44:18Z

Mvjceng: new new stub

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Pawan jaiswal.jpg
| name = Pawan Jaiswal
| parents = [[Lt. Mahendar Prasad Choudhary]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Priyanka Jaiswal|2003}}
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2020
| term_end = 2025
| predecessor = [[Faisal Rahman]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Dhaka Assembly constituency|Dhaka]]
| term_start1 = 2010
| term_end1 = 2015
| predecessor1 = Avaneesh Kumar Singh
| successor1 = [[Faisal Rahman]]
| constituency1 = [[Dhaka Assembly constituency|Dhaka]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|12|10|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/|title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA|website=Vidhansabha.bih.nic.in|access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Pawan Kumar Jaiswal''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Bihar]] and a two term Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]. Jaiswal had won from [[Dhaka Assembly constituency|Dhaka]] in [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]] as an independent<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAWAN KUMAR JAISWAL(Independent(IND)):Constituency- Dhaka(PURVI CHAMPARAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/bih2010/candidate.php?candidate_id=2762 |access-date= |website=myneta.info}}</ref> and on a [[BJP]] ticket in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pawan Kumar Jaiswal(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DHAKA(PURVI CHAMPARAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=13408 |access-date= |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

Pawan Jaiswal's leading was characterized by the active participation in the local government and the constituency development initiatives. He was involved in the infrastructure works, like finishing the Fulwariya bridge, and has been the promoter of the social welfare activities such as mass marriage events and youth programs. He also carries out public interaction sessions regularly, which include the weekly Janata-Darshan meetings, to discuss the problems brought up by the people living in his constituency.

== Early life ==
Pawan Kumar Jaiswal was born on 10 December 1976 in Phulwariya, [[Motihari]], [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]] district of Bihar. Jaiswal was born to a family that had zamindar lineage. His father served as headmaster in a government school. Coming from a rural background, Jaiswal went through the hardships of inadequate facilities and stagnant development that were characteristic of the area. It was through these tough times he developed his interest in public service and community development.

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaiswal, Pawan}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kishore Chandra Naik

2026-04-19T23:20:26Z

Mvjceng: Started

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kishore Chandra Naik
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption = Kishore Chandra Naik
| constituency_AM = [[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda]]
| assembly = Odisha Legislative
| term_start = 29 April 2019
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Rabinarayan Naik [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| successor = Rabinarayan Naik [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| majority = 3,508 ([[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]])
| birth_name = Kishore Chandra Naik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|5|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents =
| relatives =
| spouse =
| children =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJD) (Since 2019)
| other_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (Before 2019)
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession =
}}

'''Kishore Chandra Naik''' is an Indian politician and former cricketer.<ref name=:"1">{{Cite web |title= Shri Kishore Chandra Naik|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1425 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=odishaassembly.nic.in|language=en}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] for [[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda]] from 2019 to 2024. His party dropped him from the seat for the [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 election]].<ref name=:"3">{{Cite web |title= BJD Announces Nine Nominees|url=https://tathya.in/bjd-announces-nine-nominees/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=tathya.in|date=17 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Election results ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+'''[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]'''
!|Year
!|Constituency
! colspan=2|Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
! colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
| rowspan=7|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan=7|'''No.15 [[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda]]'''
| rowspan=7 {{Party shading/Green}} |
| rowspan=7|'''Kishore Chandra Naik''' ([[Biju Janata Dal|'''BJD''']])
| rowspan=7 align=right|'''72,601'''
| rowspan=7|'''41.71%'''
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|Rabinarayan Naik ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| align=right|69,093
|39.69%
| rowspan=7|174,063
| rowspan=7|3,508
| rowspan=7|80.37%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
|Sovaram Padhan ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| align=right|24,795
| align=right|14.24%
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} |
|Ratha Munda ([[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]])
| align=right|1,930
| align=right|1.11%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}} |
|Abhilas Prasant Manki ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]])
| align=right|950
| align=right|0.55%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Hindusthan Nirman Dal}} |
|Padmini Bhoi (HND)
| align=right|784
| align=right|0.45%
|-
|{{Party shading/Independent}} |
|Sankar Bagh ([[Independent politician|IND]])
| align=right|1,105
| align=right|0.63%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|White}} |
|None of the above
| align=right|2,805
| align=right|1.61%
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Kasdol Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:46Z

Mvjceng: Done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in
Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kasdol
| mla = [[Sandeep Sahu]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Janjgir-Champa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:361750}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Shakuntala Sahu
| constituency_no = 44
| map_image = Kasdol Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Kasdol''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises Palari tehsil and parts of Kasdol tehsil and Balodabazar tehsil, all in [[Baloda Bazar district]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |''Prior to 1961: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Bhupendra Nath
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Kanhaiya Lal Sharma
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Dhani Ram Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Kanhaiya Lal Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Aruna Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Kanahaiya Lal Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|[[Gaurishankar Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| rowspan="2" |Rajkamal Singhania
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| [[Gaurishankar Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
| [[Shakuntala Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Sandeep Sahu]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Basna<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sandeep Sahu]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 136,362
|percentage = 50.21
|change = +1.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dhani Ram Dhiwar|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=102,597|percentage=37.78|change=+8.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=D.D. Bartamsi|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=6,319|percentage=2.33|change=-1.54}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gore Lal Sahu|party=Independent|votes=5,395|percentage=1.99|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manoj Kumar Adil|party=Independent|votes=4,926|percentage=1.81|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prit Lal Kurre|party=Independent|votes=3,132|percentage=1.15|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=831|percentage=0.31|change=-0.33}}
{{Election box majority||votes=33,765|percentage=12.43|change=-7.17}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=271,558|percentage=75.07|change=+0.94}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Kasdol<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shakuntala Sahu]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 121,422
|percentage = 49.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Gaurishankar Agrawal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=73,004|percentage=29.54|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Parameshwar Yadu|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=18,170|percentage=7.35|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rameshwar Prasad Kaiwart|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=9,558|percentage=3.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagjeewan Kumar Narange|party=Independent|votes=3,917|percentage=1.59|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,588|percentage=0.64|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=48,418|percentage=19.60|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=247,115|percentage=74.13|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Baloda Bazar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.62|82.42|display=title}}

[[Category:Baloda Bazar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Gidderbaha Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:53Z

Mvjceng: started entry...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gidderbaha
| map_image = 84-Gidderbaha.svg
| mla = [[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Punjab|By-Election 2024]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = {{formatnum:167228}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}
| established = 1967
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 84
}}
'''Gidderbaha Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 84) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Muktsar district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!Image
!colspan=2| Party
|-
|[[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Harcharan Singh Brar]]
|[[File:Harcharan Singh Brar ex CM.png|80px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}"
|-
|[[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan=5 | [[Parkash Singh Badal|Parkash Singh Badall]]
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg|80px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
|[[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
|[[Raghubir Singh (politician)|Raghubir Singh]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1995]]*
|rowspan=4 | [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Manpreet badal.jpg|80px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=3 | [[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File: IYC President.JPG|80px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|[[2024 elections in India#Punjab|2024]]
|[[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

==Election results==

===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2024 elections in India#Punjab|Punjab Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Gidderbaha}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes={{formatnum:71644}}|percentage=52.16|change={{Increase}}24.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Amrita Singh Warring]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:49675}}|percentage=36.17|change={{Increase}}0.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Manpreet Singh Badal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:12227}}|percentage=8.9|change=new}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:889}}|percentage=0.65|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:21969}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:137348}}|percentage=81.90%|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Gidderbaha }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]|votes={{formatnum:50998}}|percentage=35.7|change={{decrease}}9.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=[[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]|votes={{formatnum:49649}}|percentage=34.8|change={{Increase}}0.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Preetpal Sharma|votes={{formatnum:38881}}|percentage=27.3|change={{Increase}}9.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:1088}}|percentage=0.6|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:1349}}|percentage=0.9|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:143765}}|percentage=85.7|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:167761}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Gidderbaha<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]|votes={{formatnum:63500}}|percentage=45.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=[[Hardeep Singh Dhillon|Hardeep Singh Dimpy Dhillon]]|votes={{formatnum:47288}}|percentage=34.00|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Jagdeep Singh|votes={{formatnum:25334}}|percentage=18.20|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:885}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:16212}}
|percentage = 11.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:138342}}
|percentage = 89.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:156441}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

=== 2012 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2012"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Gidderbaha }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]|votes=50,305 |percentage=40.4 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Sant Singh Brar|votes=36,653|percentage=29.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=People's Party of Punjab|candidate=[[Manpreet Singh Badal]]|votes=31,906|percentage=25.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sheela Rani|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,994|percentage=1.6|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=13,652|percentage=11|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,24,523|percentage=88.9|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,40,131
|ref=
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiromani Akali Dal |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2012"/>

== See also ==
[[Simranjit Singh Mann]]

[[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}

{{coord|30.21|74.66|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sri Muktsar Sahib district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Punjab, India]]

Rampur Khas Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:57Z

Mvjceng: new new post - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rampur Khas
| map_image = 244-Rampur Khas.svg
| mla = [[Aradhana Misra]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Samajwadi Alliance|SP+}}
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,20,772
| constituency_no = 244
}}
'''Rampur Khas''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Rampur Khas in the [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Rampur Khas is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 244 amongst 403.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Rampur Khas Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/rampur-khas.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Raja Ram Kisan
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Amola Devi
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Kunwar Tejbhan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Ram Anjore Misra
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Kunwar Tejbhan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Babu Prabhakar Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Kunwar Tejbhan Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="9" |[[Pramod Tiwari]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="11" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="11" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|2014^
| rowspan="3" |[[Aradhana Misra]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===

Aradhana Mishra (Mona Tiwari), [[Indian National Congress]] candidate won the assembly election of 2022 Uttar Pradesh legislative Elections defeating [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Nagesh Pratap Singh (Chotte Sarkar).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rampur Khas<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Aradhana Misra (Mona)
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:84334}}
|percentage = 50.27
|change = +2.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nagesh Pratap Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:69593}}
|percentage = 41.49
|change = +3.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bankelal Patel
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:4914}}
|percentage = 2.93
|change = -1.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2438}}
|percentage = 1.45
|change = +0.51
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14741}}
|percentage = 8.78
|change = -1.22
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:167754}}
|percentage = 52.3
|change = -1.74
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Indian National Congress]] candidate Aradhana Misra won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Nagesh Pratap Singh by a margin of 17,066 votes.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rampur Khas<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Aradhana Misra (Mona)
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:81463}}
|percentage = 47.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nagesh Pratap Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:64397}}
|percentage = 37.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ashok Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:7933}}
|percentage = 4.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kamaruddin
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:3472}}
|percentage = 2.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Surendra Singh
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3055}}
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1595}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:17066}}
|percentage = 10.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:170655}}
|percentage = 54.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2014: Rampur Khas}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Aradhana Misra (Mona)
|votes = 94,076
|percentage = 56.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Nagesh Pratap Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 26,397
|percentage = 15.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Heera Mani Patel
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 17,183
|percentage = 10.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Rakesh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 9,814
|percentage = 5.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Shivendra Bahadur
|votes = 8,328
|percentage = 5.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2,201
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 67,679
|percentage = 41.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,65,056
|percentage = 51.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Bakshi Ka Talab|Rampur Khas]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Pramod Kumar Tiwari
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 74,545
|percentage = 49.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Heera Mani Patel
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 43,011
|percentage = 28.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Syed Ahtesham Ahmad
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 19,684
|percentage = 13.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Lal Sunil Pratap Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,345
|percentage = 1.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Doodhanath
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,986
|percentage = 1.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 31,534
|percentage = 20.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,50,898
|percentage = 53.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election, 1996: Rampur Khas}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Pramod Kumar Tiwari
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,28,635
|percentage = 87.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Krishan Kumar Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 12,463
|percentage = 8.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Janata Dal
|candidate = Ambika Baksha Singh
|votes = 3,469
|percentage = 2.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Surendra Bahadur
|votes = 646
|percentage = 0.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Krishan Jagannath Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 487
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,16,172
|percentage = 78.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,47,143
|percentage = 60.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.61|82.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Incarnation

2026-04-08T16:45:59Z

Mvjceng: Done

{{Short description|Divine being in physical form on Earth}}
{{Redirect-several|Incarnation|Incarnations|Incarnate}}
'''Incarnation''' literally means ''embodied in flesh'' or ''taking on flesh''. It is the [[Conception (biology)|conception]] and the embodiment of a deity or spirit in some earthly form<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Definition of Incarnation |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/incarnation |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> or an [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] form of a god.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge Dictionary: Incarnation |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/incarnation |website=Cambridge Dictionary |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> It is used to mean a [[god]], [[deity]], or Divine Being in human or animal form on Earth. The proper noun, Incarnation, refers to the [[hypostatic union|union of divinity with humanity]] in [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]].<ref name=":0" /> In Islamic literature it is called "ḥulūl".

==Abrahamic religions==
{{main|God in Abrahamic religions}}

===Christianity===
[[File:Meister von Daphni 002.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Christ Pantocrator]], God incarnate in the [[Christianity|Christian faith]], shown in a mosaic from [[Daphni Monastery|Daphni]], [[Greece]], ca. 1080–1100.]]
{{main|Incarnation (Christianity)|}}
The incarnation of [[Christ]] (or Incarnation) is the central Christian doctrine that God became flesh, assumed of human nature, and became a man in the form of [[Jesus]], the [[Son of God]] and the second person of the [[Trinity]]. This foundational Christian position holds that the divine nature of the Son of God was perfectly united with human nature in one divine Person, [[Jesus]], making him both truly God and truly human. The theological term for this is [[hypostatic union]]: the second person of the Trinity, [[God the Son]], became flesh when he was miraculously conceived in the womb of the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/284611/Incarnation|title=Incarnation|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Biblical passages traditionally referenced in connection with the doctrine of the Incarnation include {{Bibleverse|John|3:1-21}}, {{bibleverse||Colossians|2:9}}, and {{Bibleverse|Philippians|2:7-8}}.

===Druze faith===
{{See also|Druze#Beliefs}}
[[Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad]] is considered the founder of the [[Druze faith]] and the primary author of the Druze manuscripts,<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hendrix |editor1-first=Scott |editor2-last=Okeja |editor2-first=Uchenna |title=The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes] |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1440841385 |page=11}}</ref> he proclaimed that God had become human and taken the form of man, [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]].<ref name="Aga">{{cite book|title=The Aga Khans|author=Willi Frischauer|year=1970|publisher=Bodley Head|page=?}} (''Which page?'')</ref><ref name="Poonawala">{{cite journal|title=Review - The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning|author=Ismail K. Poonawala|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=119|issue=3|page=542|doi=10.2307/605981|jstor=605981}}</ref><ref>Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression - Page 95 by Mordechai Nisan</ref><ref>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status - Page 41 by Nissim Dana</ref><ref>Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture - Page 94 by Mohamed Taher</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion | journal = [[Der Islam]] | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–65 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 | s2cid = 201807131 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975a}} | url-access = subscription }}</ref> [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] is an important figure in the [[Druze]] faith whose eponymous founder [[ad-Darazi]] proclaimed him as the incarnation of God in 1018.<ref name="Aga"/><ref name="Poonawala"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|last1=Zaman|first1=Muhammad Qasim |last2=Stewart|first2=Devin J. |last3=Mirza|first3=Mahan |last4=Kadi|first4=Wadad|last5=Crone|first5=Patricia |last6=Gerhard |first6=Bowering|last7= Hefner|first7=Robert W.|last8= Fahmy|first8=Khaled|last9=Kuran|first9=Timur |year= 2013| isbn=9780691134840| pages =139–140|publisher=Princeton University Press|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Origins of the Druze Religion: An Edition of Ḥamza's Writings and an Analysis of His Doctrine|first=David |last=R. W. Bryer|year= 1979| isbn= 9780030525964| page =239|publisher=University of Oxford Press|quote=}}</ref>

Historian David R. W. Bryer defines the Druzes as ''[[ghulat]]'' of Isma'ilism, since they exaggerated the cult of the caliph [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] and considered him divine; he also defines the Druzes as a religion that deviated from Islam.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bryer |first=David R. W. |title=The Origins of the Druze Religion |journal=[[Der Islam]] |year=1975 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=52–65 |doi=10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 |s2cid=201807131 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 |issn=1613-0928 |ref={{harvid|Bryer|1975a}} |url-access=subscription }}</ref> He also added that as a result of this deviation, the Druze faith "seems as different from Islam as Islam is from Christianity or Christianity is from Judaism".<ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = [[Der Islam]] | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}</ref>

Some scholars believe [[Christianity and Druze|Christian elements]] are deeply embedded in Druze beliefs, introduced through [[Isma'ilism|Isma’ili traditions]]. This is evident in the Druze creed, which deifies al-Hākim bi Amrillāh.<ref name="Mahmut 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Mahmut|first1=R. İbrahim|title=The Christian Influences in Ismaili Thought|journal=The Journal of Iranian Studies|date=2023|volume=7|issue=1|pages=83–99|doi=10.33201/iranian.1199758|doi-access=free}}</ref> The initiation text, "Mīthāq Walī al-Zamān" (Pact of Time Custodian), which begins with, “I rely on our Moula Al-Hakim the lonely God, the individual, the eternal,... Obedience of almighty Moulana Al-Hākim, exalted be him and that obedience is worship and that he does not have any partners ever, present or coming”,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hanna Batatu|title=Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics|date=17 September 2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4584-2|pages=15–16}}</ref> closely resembles Christian beliefs about [[Christology|Jesus' divinity]].<ref name="Mahmut 2023"/> The Druze also view figures like [[Jesus]], al-Hākim bi Amrillāh, and [[Hamza ibn Ali]] as the [[Messiah]] or [[Mahdi]]. They believe al-Hākim will return at the end of times to judge the world and establish his kingdom, while Hamza ibn Ali is considered a [[reincarnation]] of Jesus, the Universal Mind ''[['Aql]]'', closely associated with al-Hākim.<ref name="Mahmut 2023"/>

===Judaism===
{{main|God in Judaism}}
{{see also|Chabad-Lubavitch related controversies}}
According to many modern scholars, the [[Hebrew Bible|Biblical]] and [[Talmud]]ic view of God was anthropomorphic. God could sometimes appear in bodily form.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Ezra |title=Some Notes on the Anthropomorphization of God in the Talmud |url=https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/some-notes-on-anthropomorphization}}</ref> The [[Babylonian Talmud]] contains stories of earthly appearances of God, [[Elijah]], [[Satan]], and [[demon]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Ezra |title="He appeared to him as a [X]": Talmudic Stories of Incarnations of God, Eliyahu, Satan, and Demons |url=https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/he-appeared-to-him-as-a-x-talmudic |website=www.ezrabrand.com/ |access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>

Since the time of [[Maimonides]], mainstream [[Judaism]] has mostly rejected any possibility of an incarnation of God in any form.<ref>L. Jacobs 1973 ''A Jewish Theology'' p. 24. N.Y.: Berman House</ref>

However, some modern-day [[Hasidism|Hasidim]] believe in a somewhat similar concept. [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], a prominent [[Hasidism|Hasidic]] leader, said that the ''[[Rebbe]]'' is God's essence itself put into the body of a ''[[tzadik]]''.<ref>''Likkutei Sichos'', Vol. 2, pp. 510-511.</ref>

===Rastafari===
{{further|Rastafari}}
Rastas refer to God as Jah, a shortened name for God used in English translations of the Bible.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barrett |first=Leonard E. |title=The Rastafarians |date=2018 |publisher=Beacon Press |isbn=978-0-8070-1039-6 |edition=Reprint |location=Boston, MaA |page=83}}</ref> Rastafari emphasises the [[immanence]] of Jah,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chevannes |first=Barry |date=1990-01-01 |title=Rastafari: towards a new approach |journal=New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids |volume=64 |issue=3–4 |pages=127–148 (135) |doi=10.1163/13822373-90002020 |issn=1382-2373|doi-access=free }}</ref> who partially resides within every person,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fernández Olmos |first1=Margarite |title=Creole religions of the Caribbean: an introduction from Vodou and Santería to Obeah and Espiritismo |last2=Paravisini-Gebert |first2=Lizabeth |date=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-6228-8 |edition=2nd |series=Religion, race, and ethnicity |location=New York |page=196}}</ref> in a manner similar to the Hindu concept of [[Brahman]].<ref name="Edmonds 2012" />{{rp|p=45}} The unity of divinity and humanity is often reflected in the saying "I and I", and the aphorism "God is man and man is God".<ref name="Edmonds 2012">{{Cite book |last=Edmonds |first=Ennis Barrington |title=Rastafari: a very short introduction |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-19-958452-9 |edition=1st |series=Very short introductions |location=Oxford}}</ref>{{rp|p=36}} Rastafari practices known as [[Livity (spiritual concept)|livity]], influenced by the [[Nazirite]] vow, are seen as a way to embrace this inner divinity.<ref name="Edmonds 2012" />{{rp|pp=43}}

[[Haile Selassie]] I, Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, is traditionally seen by Rastas as the [[Second Coming]] of [[Jesus]] or Jah incarnate, and is sometimes referred to as "the living God".<ref name="Bedasse 2010">{{Cite journal |last=Bedasse |first=Monique |date=2010 |title=Rasta Evolution: The Theology of the Twelve Tribes of Israel |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021934708320135 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |language=en |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=960–973 (961–8) |doi=10.1177/0021934708320135 |issn=0021-9347|url-access=subscription }}</ref> To others, he is a human who embodies the teachings of Christ, or a distinct human prophet who symbolises the divinity within humankind.<ref name="Edmonds 2012" />{{rp|pp=32–33}}<ref name="Bedasse 2010" /> Leonard Barrett has argued that many Rastas believe in a form of reincarnation, where Moses, Elijah, Jesus and then Haile Selassie are [[avatar]]s of Jah.<ref>Barrett, Leonard E. (2018). ''The Rastafarians'' (Reprint ed.). Boston, MaA: Beacon Press. p. 112. {{ISBN|978-0-8070-1039-6}}.</ref> R. Matthew Charet has argued that ''Christ'' is a title for Rastas much as ''[[Buddha]]'' is for Buddhists, and that Christ's divine connection is not unique to Jesus but may be attained by all humans through a "discovery of the Christ-consciousness in us all".<ref name="Charet 1999">Charet, R. Matthew. "Jesus was a Dreadlocks: Rastafarian Images of Divinity." ''Sydney Studies in Religion'' (1999). p.126.</ref>

==Baháʼí Faith==
{{further|God in the Baháʼí Faith}}
In the [[Baháʼí Faith]], God is not seen to be incarnated into this world and is not seen to be part of creation as he cannot be divided and does not descend to the condition of his creatures.<ref name="saq">{{cite book |author = `Abdu'l-Bahá |author-link = `Abdu'l-Bahá |year = 1981 |title = Some Answered Questions |publisher = Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location = Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn = 0-87743-190-6 |url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/saq-53.html.iso8859-1#gr5 | pages = 202–203 |orig-year = 1904-06 }}</ref> The [[Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)|Manifestations of God]] are also not seen as incarnations of God but are instead understood to be like perfect mirrors reflecting the attributes of God onto the [[materialism|material world]].<ref name="manifestation">{{cite journal |first=Juan |last=Cole |title=The Concept of Manifestation in the Baháʼí Writings |year=1982 |journal=[[Baháʼí studies#Journals|Études Baháʼí Studies]] |volume=monograph 9 |pages=1–38 |url=http://bahai-library.com/cole_concept_manifestation |location=[[Ottawa]] |publisher=Canadian Association for Studies on the Baháʼí Faith |access-date=2020-10-11 |via=Bahá'í Library Online}}</ref><ref name="hatcher118">{{cite book |author = Hatcher, W.S. |author2=Martin, J.D. |year = 1998 |title = The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion |publisher = Harper & Row |location = San Francisco |isbn = 0-87743-264-3 | page = 118}}</ref>

==Buddhism==
{{see also|Rebirth (Buddhism)}}
Buddhism is a [[nontheistic religion]]: it denies the concept of a [[creator deity]] or any incarnation of a creator deity. However, Buddhism does teach the [[Rebirth (Buddhism)|rebirth]] doctrine and asserts that living beings are reborn, endlessly, [[reincarnation|reincarnating]] as [[Deva (Buddhism)|devas]] (gods), demi-gods, human beings, animals, hungry ghosts or hellish beings,<ref>{{Citation | last =Trainor | first =Kevin | year =2004 | title =Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide | publisher =Oxford University Press | isbn =978-0-19-517398-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PrloTKuAjwC|pages=61–64}}</ref> in a cycle of ''[[Saṃsāra (Buddhism)|samsara]]'' that stops only for those who reach [[Nirvana (Buddhism)|nirvana]] (''nibbana'').<ref name="Harvey2012p46">{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|pages=32–33, 38–39, 46–49}}</ref><ref name="buswelllopezp708">{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr.|author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8|pages=708–709}}</ref><ref name="Craig1998">{{cite book|author=Edward Craig|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FWa85vgoTQC|year=1998|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-18715-2|page=402}}</ref>

In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], an enlightened spiritual teacher ([[lama]]) is believed to reincarnate, and is called a ''[[tulku]]''. According to Tulku Thond, there are three main types of tulkus. They are the emanations of buddhas, the manifestations of highly accomplished adepts, and rebirths of highly virtuous teachers or spiritual friends. There are also authentic secondary types, which include unrecognized tulkus, blessed tulkus, and tulkus fallen from the path.<ref name="TThondup_Incarnation">Tulku Thondup (2011) Incarnation: The History and Mysticism of the Tulku Tradition of Tibet. Boston: Shambhala.</ref>

==Hinduism==
{{main|Avatar}}
[[File:Avatars.jpg|thumb|upright|Ten incarnations of [[Vishnu]] ([[Matsya]], [[Kurma]], [[Varaha]], [[Vamana]], [[Balarama]], [[Krishna]], [[Kalki]], [[Buddha]], [[Parshurama]], [[Rama]] & [[Narasimha]]). Painting from [[Jaipur]], now at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]]]
In [[Hinduism]], incarnation refers to its rebirth doctrine, and in its theistic traditions to ''[[avatar]]''.<ref name=kimctap192>{{cite book|first=M. Thomas|last=Thangaraj|editor-first=Sebastian C. H.|editor-last= Kim|editor-link=Sebastian Kim |chapter=Religious Pluralism, Dialogue and Asian Christian Responses| title=Christian Theology in Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXh3iq94MWIC |year=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-47206-7 |pages=169–176 }}</ref> Avatar literally means "descent, alight, to make one's appearance",<ref name=monierwilliamsavatar/> and refers to the embodiment of the essence of a superhuman being or a deity in another form.{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|p=98}} The word also implies "to overcome, to remove, to bring down, to cross something".<ref name=monierwilliamsavatar>{{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA90|year=1923|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=90}}</ref> In Hindu traditions, the "crossing or coming down" is symbolism, states Daniel Bassuk, of the divine descent from "eternity into the temporal realm, from unconditioned to the conditioned, from infinitude to finitude".<ref name="Bassuk1987p3"/> An avatar, states Justin Edwards Abbott, is a ''[[Saguna brahman|saguna]]'' (with form, attributes) embodiment of the ''[[nirguna Brahman]] or [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (soul)''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Justin Edwards Abbott |title=Life of Tukaram: Translation from Mahipati's Bhaktalilamrita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-UmxAoX2wYC|year=1980|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0170-7|pages=335–336 }}</ref>

Neither the [[Vedas]] nor the [[Mukhya Upanishads|Principal Upanishads]] ever mentions the word ''avatar'' as a noun.<ref name="Bassuk1987p3">{{cite book|author=Daniel E Bassuk |title=Incarnation in Hinduism and Christianity: The Myth of the God-Man |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3iwCwAAQBAJ |year=1987|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-349-08642-9 |pages=2–4}}</ref> The verb roots and form, such as ''avatarana'', do appear in ancient post-Vedic Hindu texts, but as "action of descending", but not as an incarnated person (avatara).{{Sfn|Paul Hacker|1978|pp=415-417}} The related verb ''avatarana'' is, states [[Paul Hacker (Indologist)|Paul Hacker]], used with double meaning, one as action of the divine descending, another as "laying down the burden of man" suffering from the forces of evil.{{Sfn|Paul Hacker|1978|pp=415-417}}

The term is most commonly found in the context of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]].<ref name=monierwilliamsavatar/><ref name=jameslochtefeldavatar/> The earliest mention of Vishnu manifested in a human form to empower the good and fight against evil, uses other terms such as the word ''sambhavāmi'' in verse 4.6 and the word ''tanu'' in verse 9.11 of the [[Bhagavad Gita]],{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|pp=98-99}} as well as other words such as ''akriti'' and ''rupa'' elsewhere.{{Sfn|Paul Hacker|1978|pp=405-409}} It is in [[Middle Ages|medieval era]] texts, those composed after the sixth century CE, that the noun version of avatar appears, where it means embodiment of a deity.{{Sfn|Paul Hacker|1978|pp=424, also 405-409, 414-417}} The incarnation idea proliferates thereafter, in the [[Purana|Puranic]] stories for many deities, and with ideas such as ''ansha-avatar'' or partial embodiments.{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|pp=98-99}}<ref name=jameslochtefeldavatar>James Lochtefeld (2002), "Avatar" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, pages 72-73</ref>

While avatars of other deities such as [[Ganesha]] and [[Shiva]] are also mentioned in medieval Hindu texts, this is minor and occasional.<ref>James Lochtefeld (2002), "Shiva" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, page 635</ref> The incarnation doctrine is one of the important differences between Vaishnavism and Shaivism traditions of Hinduism.<ref name=laiengavatar>{{cite book|author=Lai Ah Eng |title=Religious Diversity in Singapore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MmNaNebFD8C |year=2008|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore|isbn=978-981-230-754-5|pages=221 }}</ref><ref name=ryanjonesavatar>{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones |author2=James D. Ryan |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5 |pages=474 }}</ref>

===Avatar versus incarnation===
The translation of avatar as "incarnation" has been questioned by Christian theologians, who state that an incarnation is in flesh and imperfect, while avatar is mythical and perfect.{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|pp=107-109}}<ref name="Matchett">{{cite book|last=Matchett|first=Freda|title=Krishna, Lord or Avatara?: the relationship between Krishna and Vishnu|publisher=9780700712816|year=2001|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oqTYiPeAxMC&pg=PA4 | isbn=978-0-7007-1281-6}}</ref> The theological concept of Christ as an [[Incarnation (Christianity)#Nicene creed|incarnation]] into the womb of the Virgin Mary and by work of the Holy Spirit, as found in [[Christology]], presents the Christian concept of incarnation. [[Mercy Amba Oduyoye]] and H. M. Vroom state that this is different from the Hindu concept of avatar because avatars in Hinduism are unreal and the Christian concept is similar to [[Docetism]].<ref>Mercy Amba Oduyoye, H. M. Vroom, ''One gospel – many cultures: case studies and reflections on cross-cultural theology'', Rodopi, 2003, {{ISBN|978-90-420-0897-7}}, p. 111.</ref> Sheth disagrees and states that this claim is an incorrect understanding of the Hindu concept of avatar.{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|p=108}}{{NoteTag|Buddha, a real person, is included as an avatar of Vishnu in many Hindu texts.{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|p=99}}}} Avatars are true embodiments of spiritual perfection, one driven by noble goals, in Hindu traditions such as [[Vaishnavism]].{{Sfn|Sheth|2002|p=108}}

==Serer religion==
The [[Serer religion]] of [[West Africa]] rejects any notions of incarnation or manifestation of the supreme deity ''[[Roog (Serer deity)|Roog]]'' (also called Koox in the [[Cangin languages|Cangin]] language). However, the [[reincarnation]] (''ciiɗ'')<ref name=faye>Faye, Louis Diène, ''Mort et Naissance Le Monde Sereer'', Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines (1983), pp 9-10, {{ISBN|2-7236-0868-9}}</ref> of the [[reincarnation#Serer religion|ancient Serer saints and ancestral spirits]], called ''[[Pangool]]'', is a well-held principle in Serer religion. These Pangool (singular: ''Fangool'') act as intermediaries between the living world and the divine. When the Serers speak of incarnation, it is these ''Pangool'' they refer to, who are themselves holy by virtue of their intercession with the divine.<ref name=faye/><ref name="Religio">{{in lang|fr}} [[Issa Laye Thiaw|Thaiw, Issa Laye]], « La religiosité des Seereer, avant et pendant leur islamisation », in ''Éthiopiques, no. 54, volume 7, 2e semestre 1991 [http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1248] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925133630/http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1248|date=2019-09-25}}''</ref><ref>[[Henry Gravrand|Gravrand, Henry]], ''La civilisation sereer, Cosaan: les origines'', vol.1, Nouvelles Editions africaines (1983), p 33, {{ISBN|2-7236-0877-8}}</ref>

==Meitei==
{{Further|Epic cycles of incarnations}}

In [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]], the [[epic cycles of incarnations in Moirang]] is a cyclic [[:wikt:epic|epic]] of seven [[incarnation]]s (nine in some versions) of two divine lovers in the kingdom of Moirang in the realm of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]).

== See also ==
* [[Arahitogami]]
* [[Kumari (goddess)]]
* [[List of people who have been considered deities]]
* [[Theophany]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* [[Alain Daniélou|Daniélou, Alain]] (1991) [1964]. ''[https://archive.org/details/mythsgodsofindia00dani The myths and gods of India]''. Inner Traditions, Vermont, USA. {{ISBN|0-89281-354-7}}. pp. 164–187.
* {{Cite web | last1 = Coleman | first1 = T. | doi = 10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0009 | title = Avatāra | journal= Oxford Bibliographies Online: Hinduism| year = 2011 | postscript = . Short introduction and bibliography of sources about ''Avatāra'' (subscription required). }}
* {{cite book|last=Matchett|first=Freda|title=Krishna, Lord or Avatara?: the relationship between Krishna and Vishnu| isbn =978-0700712816 |year=2001| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oqTYiPeAxMC | publisher=Routledge}}
* {{Cite book|title=Zur Entwicklung der Avataralehre | author= Paul Hacker| language=de| editor= Lambert Schmithausen| publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1978| isbn=978-3447048606}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1353/pew.2002.0005|last=Sheth|first=Noel| year= 2002| title=Hindu Avatāra and Christian Incarnation: A Comparison| journal=Philosophy East and West| publisher=[[University of Hawai'i Press]]| volume=52| issue=1 (January)|pages=98–125 |jstor = 1400135 |s2cid=170278631}}

== External links ==
* {{cite IEP |url-id=incarnat |title=Incarnation}}

{{wiktionary|incarnation|incarnate}}
{{Wikiquote}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Religious belief and doctrine]]
[[Category:Conceptions of God]]

Khamba Thoibi Sheireng

2026-04-04T17:06:53Z

Mvjceng: Stub

{{Short description|Poem in Classical Meitei language}}
{{About|a [[Classical Meitei language]] epic poem|the traditional Meitei classical dance|Khamba Thoibi Jagoi|the general topic|Khamba and Thoibi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox poem
|name = Khamba Thoibi Sheireng
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|subtitle = [[National epic]] of the [[Manipuris]]<ref name=":George">{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA258 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |date=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |pages=258 |language=en |quote=H. Anganghal Singh's Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (Poem on Khamba Thoibi, 1940) is a national epic of the Manipuris based on the story of Khamba and Thoibi of Moirang. The poet composes the whole epic in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads sung by minstrels or bards popular in Manipur.}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |date=2005 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |pages=190 |language=en |quote=His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.}}</ref> National Romantic Legend of Manipur<ref name="Chatterji 1951 189">{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32096/page/n189/mode/2up |title=KIRATA-JANA-KRTI THE INDO-MONGOLOIDS : THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA |date=1951 |publisher=[[The Asiatic Society]]; [[Digital Library of India]]; [[Internet Archive]] |edition=April 1998 |location=Calcutta |pages=189 |language=en |quote=The ‘National Romantic Legend of Manipur’ — the great love story of the hero Khamba and Princess Thoibi, which after a happy union of the two lovers ended in a tragedy, — began to be treated in Old Meithei ballads from the middle of the twelfth century. The lovers lived about 1100 A.D., during the rule of King Loyamba.... |author-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji}}</ref>
|author = [[:simple:Hijam Anganghal|Hijam Anganghal]]
|original_title = {{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ}}
|original_title_lang = mni
|translator = [[#Translations|Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jodhachandra Sanasam Sahityabhusan 2017 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Manipur_State_Kala_Akademi_Award_2011_Winners.Jodhachandra_Sanasam_Sahityabhusan_2017 |website=e-pao.net |quote=And he was also awarded with Dr. Kamal Kabiratna Ningsing Sel Mana 2014 by Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Imphal for his novel Leisat Tamle Nanggidamak and for his English translation of Khamba Thoibi Seireng he was honoured with Sahitya Thoupanglup's Nongthombam Kunjamohan Singh Translation Award 2017.}}</ref>
|written = 1940<ref name=":Datta">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |date=1988 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1573 |language=en |quote=His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir" />
|first =
|illustrator =
|cover_artist =
|country = {{flagicon image|Flag of Manipur.svg}} [[Manipur Kingdom]] (historical) {{IND}} (current)
|language = [[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]])
|series =
|subject = [[Meitei literature]] ([[Manipuri literature]])
|genre = [[Epic cycles of incarnations]], [[Epic poetry]], [[National epic]]<ref name=":George"/><ref name=":Sisir"/>
|form =
|meter =
|rhyme =
|publisher =
|publication_date = 1940<ref name=":Datta"/><ref name=":Sisir" />
|media_type = book
|lines = 39,000<ref name=":Datta">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |date=1988 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1573 |language=en |quote=His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir" /> (8 volumes<ref name=":AIR">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=L. Damodar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_8DwAAQBAJ&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Seireng&pg=PA1582 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XL. No. 35 (31 AUGUST, 1975) |date=31 August 1975 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |pages=1582 |language=en}}</ref>)
|pages =
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|orig_lang_code = mni
|native_wikisource =
}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

The '''Khamba Thoibi Sheireng''', also spelled as the '''Khamba Thoibi Seireng''' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ}}||Poem on [[Khamba Thoibi]]}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA29 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |date=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref>), is a [[Classical Meitei language]] [[epic poem]] based on the ancient love story of [[Khuman Salai|Khuman]] prince [[Khuman Khamba|Khamba]] and [[Moilang|Moirang]] princess [[Thoibi]] of [[Ancient Moirang]] kingdom{{efn|[[Moirang]] was an independent kingdom in early times, though later became a province of a unified kingdom, called [[Manipur Kingdom]].}} of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{Cite book |author=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xf_2DwAAQBAJ&dq=manipuri+classics&pg=PA7 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXXIII, No.12 (17 MARCH, 1968) |date=17 March 1968 |publisher=[[All India Radio]] (AIR), New Delhi |location=India |pages=7, 8 |language=en |chapter=Some Classics of Manipur |author-link=All India Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KanglaOnline |date=4 April 2011 |title=The great Meitei Reconciliation Process: Revisiting the classical folklore on "Emoinu Chakhong Ngahongbi" by Late Shri Ningomabam Angouton Meetei – KanglaOnline |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2011/04/the-great-meitei-reconciliation-process-revisiting-the-classical-folklore-on-emoinu-chakhong-ngahongbi/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |language=en-US |quote=... The folklore of Emoinu Celebration from the story “Washak Ngakpa” meaning Keeping the Promise, written by Late Shri Ningombam Angouton Meetei and the classical love story “Khamba -Thoibi” are classical examples of successful reconciliation process of the old Meitei factions... |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519074523/https://kanglaonline.in/2011/04/the-great-meitei-reconciliation-process-revisiting-the-classical-folklore-on-emoinu-chakhong-ngahongbi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=Ruskin |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZv0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 |title=The Penguin Book of Classical Indian Love Stories and Lyrics |date=14 October 2000 |publisher=[[Penguin UK]] |isbn=978-93-5118-814-8 |pages=3, 4 |language=en |chapter=The Story of Khamba and Thoibi |author-link=Ruskin Bond}}</ref> It is the [[magnum opus]] of [[Hijam Anganghal]], the "Bard of [[Samurou]]". It is regarded as the [[national epic]] of the [[Manipuris]].<ref name=":George">{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA258 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |date=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |pages=258 |language=en |quote=H. Anganghal Singh's Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (Poem on Khamba Thoibi, 1940) is a national epic of the Manipuris based on the story of Khamba and Thoibi of Moirang. The poet composes the whole epic in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads sung by minstrels or bards popular in Manipur.}}</ref><ref name=":Amaresh">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1186 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |date=1988 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |pages=1186 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |date=2005 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |pages=190 |language=en |quote=His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.}}</ref> It is regarded as the greatest of all the epic poems in [[Meitei literature]], with 39,000 [[Verse (poetry)|verses]], thereby being [[Indian epic poetry#Longest Indian epics|the third longest Indian epic poem]], next to the [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Ramayana]].<ref name=":Datta"/><ref name=":Sisir" /><ref name=":AIR"/>

The Khamba Thoibi Sheireng is often considered to be in a status of “[[mahakavya]]” ({{Translation|great epic; court epic}}), and its author [[:simple:Hijam Anganghal|Hijam Anganghal]] as a “[[:en:wikt:महाकवि|mahakavi]]” ({{Translation|great poet; classical poet}}). For composing the epic, Anganghal was honoured by the [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]], with the title “Kabiratna” in 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |orig-date=2016 |title=মহাকবি হিজম অঙাংহলগী পোক্লফম শামুরৌ অমদি মহাক্কী পুন্সি খোঙচৎ |url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/28.07.2019-B7.pdf |website=[[Hueiyen Lanpao]] |place=India |language=mni |publication-date=2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=((Sylhet Today 24)) |last2=শেরাম |first2=এ কে |title=মণিপুরী ভাষার মহাকাব্য 'খম্বা-থোইবী শৈরেং' |url=https://www.sylhettoday24.news/news/details/Literature/26792 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=sylhettoday24.news |publisher=Sylhet Today 24 News| location=Sylhet, Bangladesh |language=bn }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2014 |orig-date=2014 |title=সাহিত্যগী অখন্নবা লমায় - মহাকবি হিজম অঙাংহল |url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/jul-27-2014-4.pdf |website=[[Hueiyen Lanpao]] |place=India |language=mni |publication-date=2014}}</ref>

The epic saga is based on the ancient classic of [[Khamba and Thoibi]], also referred to as the ''"National Romantic Legend of Manipur"'' by [[Suniti Kumar Chatterjee]],<ref name="Chatterji 1951 189">{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32096/page/n189/mode/2up |title=KIRATA-JANA-KRTI THE INDO-MONGOLOIDS : THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA |date=1951 |publisher=[[The Asiatic Society]]; [[Digital Library of India]]; [[Internet Archive]] |edition=April 1998 |location=Calcutta |pages=189 |language=en |quote=The ‘National Romantic Legend of Manipur’ — the great love story of the hero Khamba and Princess Thoibi, which after a happy union of the two lovers ended in a tragedy, — began to be treated in Old Meithei ballads from the middle of the twelfth century. The lovers lived about 1100 A.D., during the rule of King Loyamba.... |author-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji}}</ref> as well as one of the 7 [[epic cycles of incarnations]], constituting the [[Moirang Kangleirol]] of [[Ancient Moirang]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Oinam |first1=Bhagat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 |title=Northeast India: A Reader |last2=Sadokpam |first2=Dhiren A. |date=11 May 2018 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-429-95320-0 |pages=236, 237 |language=en |quote=Numerous manuscripts of the Moirang region dwell on the theme of love. One of the most popular stories refers to the seven pairs of lovers who are regarded as incarnations of the same souls in different generations or age.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=epic+cycle+incarnations+moirang&pg=PA349 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |date=1987 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1 |location=India |pages=349 |language=en |quote=The epic ballad cycle of the incarnations of Moirang which is nine in number according to some and only seven according to others is a grand majestic saga of the eternal triangle in which generations after generations would find reflections of the various hopes, ideals and aspirations of each age. |author-link=Amaresh Datta}}</ref>

Another remarkable achievement of [[Meitei cultural heritage]], directly related to the Khamba Thoibi epic poem, is ''[[Khamba Thoibi Jagoi]]'' ({{Langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯖꯒꯣꯢ}}||{{Script|Latn|Khamba Thoibi classical dance}}|}}), also known as ''Khamba Thoibi ballet'',<ref>—{{Cite book |last=Banerji |first=Projesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fXZKe3xHQAC&dq=khamba+thoibi+ballet&pg=PA74 |title=Indian Ballet Dancing |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-0-391-02716-9 |location=India |pages=74 |language=en}} —{{Cite book |last=Raina |first=Vimala |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207/page/n7/mode/2up |title=Khamba Thoibi And Poems On Manipur |date=18 January 1963 |publisher=[[Digital Library of India]]; [[Internet Archive]] |others=[[Manipur Government]] Press; [[Manipur University]] Library; North Eastern States Libraries |location=India |pages=ii |language=en}} —{{Cite book |last=Banerji |first=Projesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fXZKe3xHQAC&dq=khamba+thoibi+ballet&pg=PA77 |title=Indian Ballet Dancing |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-0-391-02716-9 |location=India |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref> which is a [[Meitei tradition|traditional Meitei]] [[ritual dance|ritualistic]] and [[theatre dance|theatrical]] classical dance form,<ref>—{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2rrAAAAMAAJ&q=classical+Khamba+Thoibi |title=Pathway Volume 41 |date=1988 |author1=[[University of Michigan]] |author2=Marg Foundation (Mumbai, India) |author3=Modern Architectural Research Group |author4=Modern Artists and Architects Research Group |author5=National Centre for the Performing Arts (India) |volume=41 |pages=XV |language=en |quote=First and foremost are the surviving ritual dances which have been absorbed into the repertoire. The Lai-haraoba and the Khamba Thoibi may be counted among these. Their historical and mythical theme makes them as classical as any of the later Vaishnavite dances.}} —{{Cite book |last=Doshi |first=Saryu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRbkAAAAMAAJ&q=classical+Khamba+Thoibi |title=Dances of Manipur: The Classical Tradition |date=1989 |others=[[University of Michigan]] |isbn=978-81-85026-09-1 |pages=XIX |publisher=Marg Publications |language=en |quote=First and foremost are the surviving ritual dances which have been absorbed into the repertoire. The Lai-haraoba and the Khamba Thoibi may be counted among these. Their historical and mythical theme makes them as classical as any of the later Vaishnavite dances. They have an element of abhinaya (histrionic representation)...}} —{{Cite book |first=D. M.|last=Silveira |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZA_AAAAMAAJ&q=classical+Khamba+Thoibi |title=DM Silveira's India Book |date=1994 |publisher=Classic Publishers |others=[[University of Michigan]] |isbn=978-81-900218-2-1 |pages=230 |language=en |quote=...Lai Haraoba is the ritual folk-cum-classical dance of Manipur and tells the story of creation according to the Manipuris. Khamba Thoibi is a popular Manipuri dance which tells the story of princess Thoibi and poor boy Khamba...}} —{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJLWAAAAMAAJ&q=classical+Khamba+Thoibi |title=Mãrg |author1=[[Pennsylvania State University]]|author2=[[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)]] |volume=41 |pages=109 |language=en |quote=First and foremost are the surviving ritual dances which have been absorbed into the repertoire. The Lai-haraoba and the Khamba Thoibi may be counted among these. Their historical and mythical theme makes them as classical as any of the later Vaishnavite dances. They have an element of abhinaya histrionic representation)... |issue=1–2}} —{{Cite web |last=Khuraijam |first=Bobo |date=13 March 2011 |title=Three Cheers – KanglaOnline |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2011/03/three-cheers/ |access-date=13 November 2023 |language=en-US |quote=... Would it not be like asking for a Hip-Hop dance from a classical Khamba-Thoibi jagoi performance if we expect street aggression from our teachers? ...}}</ref> a part and parcel of the [[Lai Haraoba]] performances,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerji |first=Projesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fXZKe3xHQAC&dq=khamba+thoibi+ballet&pg=PA77 |title=Indian Ballet Dancing |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-0-391-02716-9 |location=India |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref> performed in honour of God {{langnf|omp|[[Thangching]]|[[Thangching|Thangjing]]}}, the [[national deity]] of [[Ancient Moirang]] realm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything Experiential {{!}} Khamba Thoibi Dance |url=http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/tags/Khamba-Thoibi-Dance-91441 |access-date=7 February 2021 |website=Everything Experiential |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2012 |title=Khamba Thaibi Dance |url=http://www.dance.anantagroup.com/khamba-thaibi-dance/ |access-date=7 February 2021 |website=Indian Classical Folk & Tribal Dance |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=khamba Thoibi Folk Dance of Manipur |url=http://www.indianfolkdances.com/khamba-thoibi-folk-dance-of-manipur.html |access-date=7 February 2021 |website=www.indianfolkdances.com}}</ref> Notably, it is one of the classical cultural elements, giving inspirations to the rise of the [[Manipuri Raas Leela]] classical dance drama form.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GC9Vegt10IwC&dq=classical+Khamba+Thoibi&pg=PA19 |title=Dances Of India |date=2010 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Limited |isbn=978-81-241-1337-0 |pages=19 |language=en |quote=...The Rasa Lila dances of Shiva and Parvati, Radha and Krishna, and the local deities Khamba and Thoibi form the foundation of the Manipuri dance...}}</ref>

== Textual history ==
The [[epic poem]] of the Khamba Thoibi Sheireng was developed by [[:simple:Hijam Anganghal|Hijam Anganghal]] from the "pena sheishak" style of the [[Moirang Sai|traditional ballad]]s ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩ}}|{{Script|Latn|khunnung eeshei}}|}}) sung by [[minstrel]]s with [[pena (musical instrument)]]. It was adapted from the traditional Meitei [[ballad]] known as the "[[Moirang Sai|Khamba Thoibi ballad]]", which is practised even in present times, for a continuous duration of 20–30 days in diverse musical genres.<ref name=":Amaresh" /><ref name=":George" /><ref name=":Sisir" />

The Khamba Thoibi Sheireng is regarded as the [[masterpiece]] of [[:simple:Hijam Anganghal|Hijam Anganghal]]. The literary work was started in the year 1939 and it was completed in the year 1940.<ref name=":Datta" />

== Synopsis ==
{{Further|Khamba and Thoibi#Plot}}
[[Khuman Khamba]] was a [[terrae filius]], brought up by his elder sister [[Khamnu]], who spared no pains for his safety and well-being. By the time he became a youth, he wanted to be of some help to his sister and came out in search of work. On the day he first moved out of his house, he happened to enter the residence of prince Chingkhu Akhuba, the younger brother of King Chingkhu Telheiba, with its imposing house and spacious premises and there for the first time saw princess Thoibi, the only daughter of the prince, plying her needle in embroidery. The moment she saw Khamba, handsome and shapely in physique, she gave her heart away to him. But on the part of Khamba, at first he could not harbour such sentiments as he was conscious of his humble origin.<ref name=":Manihar">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |date=1996 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |language=en}}</ref>

Another man, Nongban, worked as a foil to Khamba. For a long time, there was no one in [[Moirang]] to beat him in [[racing|race]], [[wrestling]] and [[hockey]], but with the appearance of Khamba, he is defeated and deprived of this honour. At first, the prince took kindly to Khamba, and despite his offer to maintain the young man in his family, the latter insisted on singing for his supper which he did by tending the stall-fed fierce bull of the prince. As everybody was curious of Khamba's physical prowess, his sister then kept him in hiding for a while. Thoibi is heart-brokened and pines after him. From the grace of God [[Thangching]], the two meet again on the [[Loktak lake]]. Their love is steady until the recalcitrant behaviour and overzealous stance of Thoibi provokes her father to come in the way of the lovers in league with Nongban.<ref name=":Manihar" />

Khamba's gradual rise in popularity among the people, winning of the King's favour with the recognition of his identity on account of his superhuman feats in sports and capturing a wild bull singlehanded further enraged the prince. A murder attempt was made on his life and subsequently Thoibi was sent to exile. However, this act could not, in the least, crush the heart of the lover. Thoibi, on her being called back from disgrace, had the opportune moment of joining with her love. Before the actual marriage took place and in a trial of fate, Nongban fell prey to a tiger which Khamba could overcome.<ref name=":Manihar" />

==Structure==
{{Further|Meitei literature}}
The epic consists of approximately thirty four thousand [[Line (poetry)|lines]] divided into 81 sections (tangkaks) in 15 chapters (pandups).

== Analysis ==
While analysing the Khamba Thoibi Seireng, [[Padma Vibhushan]] awardee Indian Bengali scholar [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] commented on Hijam Anganghal, the author and the epic, like this:
{{Blockquote|"I think the entire work should be published and that will at once raise the prestige and dignity of Manipuri literature; and an abstract of the poem in English with translations of typical passages, and a critical study of it, will be desideratum in Indian literature bringing home to the rest of India and to the world what important things, important from the point of view of voicing the aspirations, the ideals and the social and cultural milieu of a whole people are being done in this distant corner of India. The position of our Poet is comparable to that of Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali and Modern Indo-Aryan literature."|[[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]]<ref name=":AIR"/>}}

Writing on Akashwani [[All India Radio]] (AIR), L. Damodar Singh said about the literary work as:
{{Blockquote|“It is one of the finest stories in literature produced by the [[Sino-Tibetan]] people in India.” . . . “A gem of a literature which may be compared to any great epic rediscovers the glory of ancient [[Moirang]], the cradle of Manipuri civilisation. It is truly an epic, dignified and elaborate with epic breadth of vision, richness of details, directness of ideas and a faithful portrayal of national life and manners.”|L. Damodar Singh|[[All India Radio]] (AIR)<ref name=":AIR" />}}

Some scholars compare the Khamba Thoibi Seireng with the [[Shahnamah]], the national epic of [[Persia]] and the [[Kalevale]], the national epic of [[Finland]], as well as the [[Sigurd the Volsung]] by [[William Morris]].<ref name=":AIR"/>

== Translations ==
{{Further|Khamba and Thoibi#Editions}}
The poem was translated into English by Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam in 2017, for which he received the prestigious Nongthombam Kunjamohan Singh Translation Award 2017, bestowed by the Sahitya Thoupanglup.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jodhachandra Sanasam Sahityabhusan 2017 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Manipur_State_Kala_Akademi_Award_2011_Winners.Jodhachandra_Sanasam_Sahityabhusan_2017 |website=e-pao.net |quote=And he was also awarded with Dr. Kamal Kabiratna Ningsing Sel Mana 2014 by Manipuri Sahitya Parishad Imphal for his novel Leisat Tamle Nanggidamak and for his English translation of Khamba Thoibi Seireng he was honoured with Sahitya Thoupanglup's Nongthombam Kunjamohan Singh Translation Award 2017.}}</ref>

== Public response ==
In the year 2014, an academic symposium on the topic ''"Khamba Thoibi Seirengda Mityeng Ama"'' ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃ}}||A perspective on the Khamba-Thoibi Poem}}), regarding the epic poetry of Hijam Anganghal, was organised by ''"Nongchup Haram Khorjei Lup"'' (NAHAKHOL) at Public Theatre Hall, [[Nambol]] Phoijing in [[Bishnupur district]]. A book titled ''"Khamba-Thoibi Seirengda Mityeng"'' was also published by NAHAKHOL on the occasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/Gp.asp?src=30..240914.sep14|title=Symposium on Khamba-Thoibi : 24th sep14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

The "Hijam Anganghal Singh Memorial Lecture 2020-21" was organised at the Artistes’ Dormitory of the Directorate of Arts and Culture in [[Imphal]] by the Manipur State Kala Akademi. In the event, scholars discussed about the "Khamba Thoibi Sheireng", as a great contribution of Hijam Anganghal to [[Meitei literature]], that justifiably earned him the title "[[:en:wikt:महाकवि|Mahakavi]]" ({{translation|classical poet}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hijam Anganghal Singh Memorial Lecture held |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/hijam-anganghal-singh-memorial-lecture-held |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en |quote=In 1939, the poet compiled ‘Khamba Thoibi Sheireng’, an epic poem running over 39,000 lines depicting the immortal love of Khamba and Thoibi and completed it in 1940, he further said, adding this work, considered as the masterpiece of all his literary works, justifiably earned him the title ‘Mahakavi’.}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
{{Further|Khamba and Thoibi#In popular culture}}
* ''"Khamba Thoibi"'' ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ}}}}) is a 1997 [[Meitei language]] feature film, based on the epic story by Hijam Anganghal, produced by Moirangthem Nilamani Singh for Anjana Films, and directed by M. Nilamani Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2016 |title=Manipuri Feature Films 1972 1997 - E-rang Classic :: E-pao Movie Channel |url=http://erang.e-pao.org/Classic/write/Manipuri_Feature_Films_1972_1997.php |access-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316224420/http://erang.e-pao.org/Classic/write/Manipuri_Feature_Films_1972_1997.php |archive-date=16 March 2016 |quote=30. Khamba Thoibi, 1997. 35mm colour. Based on a story by Hijam Anganhal. Produced by Moirangthem Nilamani Singh for Anjana Films. Direction: M.Nilamani Singh. Screenplay: M.Ibempishak. Music: A.Shyam. Casts: M.Amirkumar, M.Ashwinikumar, Sarjubala and others.}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Numit Kappa]]
* [[Akongjamba]] and [[Phouoibi]]
* [[Henjunaha and Lairoulembi]]
* [[Khuyol Haoba and Yaithing Konu]]
* [[Kadeng Thangjahanba and Tonu Laijinglembi]]
* [[Ura Naha Khongjomba and Pidonnu]]
* [[Wanglen Pungdingheiba and Sappa Chanu Silheibi]]

==Bibliography==
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.465982|Khamba Thoibi Seireng, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1986]]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.466506|Moirang Kangleirol, Khuman Khamba Seitharon, by Laisram Mangi Singh, 1980]]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.466278/mode/2up|Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk, by Hijam Anganghal]]
* [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207/2015.460207.Khamba-Thoibi_djvu.txt Full text of "Khamba Thoibi" and poems of Manipur]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.467163|Samukhonggi Bichar, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1997]]
* [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2312862W/Hijam_Anganghal_Singh Hijam_Anganghal_Singh, by Elangbam Dinamani]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.158175|Abridged from T. C. Hodson's "The Meitheis", 1908]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Khamba Thoibi Sheireng}}
{{Wikiquote|Khamba Thoibi}}
{{Portal bar|Asia|Arts|Books|Civilization|History|India|Language|Literature|Linguistics|Myanmar|Mythology|Poetry|Politics|Religion|Royalty|Society}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Epic cycles of incarnations]]
[[Category:Khuman kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Keke Moirang]]

Saanvie Tallwar

2026-04-03T16:47:06Z

Mvjceng: new new data - done

{{Short description| Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saanvie Tallwar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Saanvi Talwar
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|writer}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| known_for = ''[[O Gujariya: Badlein Chal Duniya]]'' ''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]'' ''[[Chandra Nandini]]''
}}

'''Saanvie Tallwar''' is an Indian actress who mainly works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2012 with ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]],'' portraying Neha Joseph. She is best known for her portrayal of Natasha in ''[[O Gujariya: Badlein Chal Duniya|O Gujariya]]'', Maanvi Chatterjee Sabharwal in ''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]'' and [[Durdhara]] in ''[[Chandra Nandini]]''.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 February 2023 |title=Saanvie Tallwar returns to TV after 3 years with 'Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saanvie-tallwar-returns-to-tv-after-3-years-with-ali-baba-dastaan-e-kabul/articleshow/98099383.cms |access-date=2 April 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She trained in theatre at the [[Stella Adler Studio of Acting]] in the United States.

Tallwar made her film debut with the [[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film ''[[Gabbar Is Back]],'' in 2015.

==Career==
===Debut and success (2012–2017)===
Tallwar started her career as a writer and has written many episodes for the television series ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'', ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' and ''[[SuperCops Vs SuperVillains]]''.

She started her acting career in 2012 as she played Nia in episode 34 of the [[Star Plus]] series ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]]''. In 2014, she portrayed the role of Natasha in [[Channel V]]'s ''[[O Gujariya: Badlein Chal Duniya]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/whats-hot/story/omg-karan-kundra-saanvi-talwar-each-other-on-the-sets-of-yeh-kahan-aa-gaye-hum-after-smooch-scene-274472-2015-11-26|title=OMG! Karan Kundra, Saanvi Tallwar slap each other on the sets of Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=26 November 2015|access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> In 2015, she appeared as Nazia Raza Ibrahim in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Qubool Hai]]''.

Tallwar achieved limelight when she played the role of Manvi Chatterjee in [[And TV]]'s ''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]'' from 2015 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Saanvi-Talwar-is-the-new-Nazia-in-Qubool-Hai/articleshow/47541639.cms|title=Saanvi Talwar is the new Nazia in Qubool Hai|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 June 2015|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref> Next, she signed to play [[Chandragupta Maurya]]'s wife [[Durdhara]] in Star Plus series ''[[Chandra Nandini]] in 2016.''

===Recent work (2018–present)===
In 2018 she was seen in a cameo in ''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]''. A year later, Tallwar played Rupali, an antagonist in [[Star Bharat]]'s ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Saanvi-Talwar-to-enter-Chandra-Nandini/articleshow/55182521.cms|title=Saanvi Talwar to enter 'Chandra Nandini'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 November 2016|accessdate=6 April 2019}}</ref>

Tallwar has been featured in many episodic stories as a main protagonist like ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'', ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'', ''[[Savdhaan India]]'', ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'', ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'', ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'', Love On The Run, ''[[Haunted Nights]]'', ''[[Ishq Kills]]'', Zindagi Ke Crossroads and ''[[SuperCops Vs SuperVillains]]'' .

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2015
|''[[Gabbar Is Back]]''
|Reporter
|
|
|-
|2021
|''Always on My Mind''
|Saanvie
|Short music film
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]]''
| Neha Joseph
| Episode 34
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
|''[[Ishq Kills]]''
|Mandakini
|Episode 9
|
|-
|''[[O Gujariya: Badlein Chal Duniya|O Gujariya]]''
|Natasha
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[Qubool Hai]]''
|Nazia Raza Ibrahim
|
|
|-
|''[[Haunted Nights]]''
|Sanju, Aarti
|
|
|-
|2015–2016
|''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]''
|Maanvi Chatterjee Sabharwal
|
|
|-
|2016
|''Twist Wala Love''
|Amaya Sinha
|Season 2, Episode 26-30
|
|-
|2016–2017
|''[[Chandra Nandini]]''
|[[Durdhara]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
| ''Love On The Run''
| Mukti
|Season 1, Episode7
|
|-
|''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Bhavna
|Episode 32
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]''
| [[Iravati]]
| Episode 17-19
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''
| Rupali Prajapati Sharma
|
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Ali Baba (Indian TV series)|Ali Baba – Ek Andaaz Andekha Chapter 2]]''
| Humaira
| Season 2
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Shiv Shakti – Tap Tyaag Tandav]]''
|[[Vrinda]]
|
|
|-
|2025
|''Operation Chinar''
|Meera
|[[Microdrama]]
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8743996}}
* {{Instagram|saanvitalwar9}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tallwar, Saanvie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Lakshmi Mittal

2026-03-31T11:57:03Z

Mvjceng: Started a post added tags

{{short description|Indian businessman (born 1950)}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Lakshmi Mittal LM.jpg
| caption = Mittal in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|6|15|df=yes}}<ref name=acelor-directors /><ref name=123-birthday />
| birth_place = [[Sadulpur]], Rajasthan, India
| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]], ([[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com.]])<ref name=acelor-directors>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227060601/http://www.arcelormittal.com/stainlesseurope/node/558 | archive-date=27 December 2010 |url=http://www.arcelormittal.com/stainlesseurope/node/558 |title=Cha|access-date=7 September 2010}}</ref>
| occupation = Chairman of [[ArcelorMittal ]]& [[Aperam]] Owner of Karrick Limited<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=364042&ticker=MT:US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114022010/http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=364042&ticker=MT:US |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 November 2010 |title=Lakshmi Mittal, Owner of Karrick Limited |publisher=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=25 February 2011 |access-date=25 February 2011}}</ref> Co-owner of [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.]]
| known_for = ''[[Business magnate|Steel magnate]]'' ''King of Steel ''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/lakshmi-mittal-the-king-of-steel-trips-up-11102011.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114004926/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/lakshmi-mittal-the-king-of-steel-trips-up-11102011.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 November 2011|title=Lakshmi Mittal, the King of Steel, Trips Up |first1=Stanley|last1=Reed|first2=Thomas|last2=Biesheuvel|work=Businessweek|date=10 November 2011|access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref>
| boards = [[Goldman Sachs]]
| spouse = Usha Mittal
| children = 2, including [[Aditya Mittal]]
| relatives = [[Pramod Mittal]] (brother)
| family = [[:Category:Mittal family|Mittal family]]
| awards = {{nowrap|[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2008)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=LN Mittal, Ratan Tata, Narayana Murthy get Padma Vibhushan |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-01-26/news/27713021_1_padma-vibhushan-padma-awards-second-highest-civilian-award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528081221/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-01-26/news/27713021_1_padma-vibhushan-padma-awards-second-highest-civilian-award |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2013 |access-date=26 January 2008 | work=The Times of India |date=26 January 2008}}</ref>
| website =
}}
'''Lakshmi Niwas Mittal''' ({{IPA|hi|ˈləkʃmi nɪˈʋaːsə ˈmɪtːələ|lang|Laxmi niwas Mittal.ogg}}; born 15 June 1950) is an Indian billionaire businessman and steel magnate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/lakshmi-mittal-birthday-check-out-how-the-net-worth-of-steel-barons-changed-between-55-and-72-years-of-age-13814212.htm |title=A look at how the steel baron's net worth changed between 55 and 72 years of age |publisher=CNBC TV18 |date=15 June 2022}}</ref> He is the executive chairman of [[ArcelorMittal]], the world's second largest steelmaking company, as well as chairman of stainless steel manufacturer [[Aperam]].<ref name="forbes">{{Cite web|title=Lakshmi Mittal|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref><ref name="screen">{{cite web | url=http://www.4-traders.com/APERAM-7261038/company/ | title = APERAM S.A. (APAM) |publisher=Surperformance |agency=MarketScreener |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> Mittal owns 38 per cent of ArcelorMittal and holds a three per cent stake in [[EFL Championship]] football club [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]].<ref name="qpr">{{Cite news|title=Lakshmi Mittal buys 20 per cent stake in Queens Park Rangers - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/Lakshmi-Mittal-buys-20-per-cent-stake-in-Queens-Park-Rangers/articleshow/2638970.cms|website=The Times of India|date=21 December 2007 |access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> Mittal resides in [[Switzerland]] and [[United Arab Emirates]] following his departure from the [[United Kingdom]] in 2025, where he had lived since 1995.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Watts |first=Robert |date=2025-11-22 |title=Lakshmi Mittal, one of Britain’s richest men, quits UK |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/lakshmi-mittal-steel-arcelormittal-founder-leaves-uk-63mdkgsxv |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2005, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked Mittal as the third-richest person in the world, making him the first Indian citizen to be ranked in the top ten in the publication's annual list of the world's richest people.<ref name=hindu>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1815532.stm |title=Tory pressure over Mittal row |work=[[BBC News]] |date=12 February 2002 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=London |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> He was ranked the [[The World's Billionaires 2011|sixth-richest person in the world]] by ''Forbes'' in 2011, but dropped to [[The World's Billionaires 2015|82nd place in March 2015]],<ref name="Forbes2015" /> and only to 130th by October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakshmi Mittal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> He is also the "57th-most powerful person" of the 72 individuals named in ''Forbes''' "Most Powerful People" list for 2015.<ref name="ppf">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/#tab:overall_page:6_ |work=Forbes |title=The World's Most Powerful People |access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> His daughter Vanisha Mittal's wedding (in 2005) was the sixth-most expensive in [[recorded history]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-14 |title=List of the Most Expensive Weddings {{!}} World, Jeff Bezos, Dresses, Couples, Divorces, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-the-most-expensive-weddings |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> As of 2025, Mittal's net worth was estimated to be £15.444 billion by the [[Sunday Times Rich List]].<ref name=":0" />

Mittal has been a member of the board of directors of [[Goldman Sachs]] since 2008.<ref name=gs>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldmansachs.com/who-we-are/leadership/board-of-directors/09-lakshmi-n-mittal.html |work=Goldman Sachs |title=Board of Directors – Lakshmi N. Mittal |access-date=19 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621212535/http://www.goldmansachs.com/who-we-are/leadership/board-of-directors/09-lakshmi-n-mittal.html |archive-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref> He sits on the [[World Steel Association]]'s executive committee,<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard>{{cite web |url=http://corporate.arcelormittal.com/who-we-are/leadership/board-of-directors |publisher=ArcelorMittal |title=Board of directors – Lakshmi N Mittal |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=4 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504171654/http://corporate.arcelormittal.com/who-we-are/leadership/board-of-directors |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is a member of the Global CEO Council of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard/> the [[World Economic Forum]]'s International Business Council,<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard/> and the European Round Table of Industrialists.<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard/> He is also a member of the board of trustees of the [[Cleveland Clinic]].<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard/>

In 2005, ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' named him "Business Person of 2006", the ''[[Financial Times]]'' named him "Person of the Year", and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named him "International Newsmaker of the Year 2006".<ref name=ArcelorMitttalBoard/> In 2007, ''Time'' magazine included him in their "[[Time 100]]" list.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1595326,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905162137/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1595326,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 September 2009 | magazine=Time | title=The 2007 Time 100}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Lakshmi Niwas Mittal was born on 15 June 1950, in [[Sadulpur|Sadulpur, Rajasthan]] to a [[Marwari people|Marwari]] family. He studied at Shri Daulatram Nopany Vidyalaya, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] from 1957 to 1964.<ref name=school>{{Cite web|title=India's Top Billionaires & Schools They Attended|url=https://www.marketingmind.in/indias-top-billionaires-schools-they-attended/|date=2020-04-21|website=Marketing Mind|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> He graduated from [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's College]], affiliated to the [[University of Calcutta]], with a [[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com]] degree in the first class. Lakshmi Niwas' father, Mohanlal Mittal, ran a steel business, Nippon Denro Ispat.<ref name="fie">{{cite web|url=http://www.financeninvestments.com/entrepreneurs/lakshmi-mittal-biography.html |title=Lakshmi Mittal Biography: Education, Net Worth and His Personal Life |publisher=financeninvestments.com |date=3 September 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 1976, because of the curb of steel production by the Indian government, the 26-year-old Mittal opened his first steel factory PT Ispat Indo in [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="tjp">{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2006/04/03/nur-saidah-surabaya039s-steel-woman-tough-industry.html |title=Nur Saidah: Surabaya's steel woman in a tough industry |work=The Jakarta Post|date=3 April 2006 |access-date=21 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016015855/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2006/04/03/nur-saidah-surabaya039s-steel-woman-tough-industry.html |archive-date=16 October 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Buana2007">{{cite book|author=Zia Permata Buana |title=Kisah sukses Lakshmi Mittal, dari Surabaya ke London: Rahasia Bisnis Orang Asia Terkaya di Dunia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkHN4Sw8yoEC |date=1 July 2007 |publisher=Hikmah |isbn=978-979-1140-98-0 |access-date=21 July 2014|language=id}}</ref>

In 1989, Mittal purchased the state-owned steel works in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], which were operating at an enormous loss. He turned them into profitable ventures in a year.<ref name=infact>{{Cite web|title=Interesting facts about Lakshmi Mittal that will inspire you|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/interesting-facts-about-lakshmi-mittal-that-will-inspire-you/articleshow/77219914.cms|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name="ebhist">{{cite news |title=ArcelorMittal Luxembourgian company |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/ArcelorMittal |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>

Until the 1990s, the family's main assets in India were a cold-rolling mill for sheet steel in [[Nagpur]] and an alloy steel plant near [[Pune]]. Today, the family business, including a large integrated steel plant near [[Mumbai]], is run by his younger brothers [[Pramod Mittal]] and Vinod Mittal, but Lakshmi has no connection with it.<ref name=mtoday>{{cite web |url= http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/1164606/Caribbean-global-steel-giant-rise-ArcelorMittal |title=From the Caribbean to global steel giant: The rise of ArcelorMittal |first=Andrew |last= Saunders |work=Management Today |date=1 January 2013 |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref>

In 1995, Mittal purchased the [[Irish Steel]] plant based in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]], from the government for a nominal fee of [[IR£]]1.<ref name="irishexaminer">{{cite web|url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20220160.html | publisher = Irish Examiner | website = irishexaminer.com | title = Film featuring ex-Ispat workers in Ireland may make French employees nervous | date = 21 January 2013 | accessdate = 6 June 2021 }}</ref> Only six years later in 2001 it was closed, leaving over 400 people redundant.<ref name="irishexaminer"/> Subsequent environmental issues at the site have been a cause for criticism. The Irish government sought a High Court judgement that Mittal's company should contribute to the cost of the clean-up of [[Cork Harbour]], but failed.<ref name=cleanit>{{cite web| url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-10087212.html | title = Ispat steel plant 'could cost taxpayer €70m' | date = 5 August 2004 | accessdate = 6 June 2021 | quote = decision by the High Court last week that the State and not Irish Ispat should be responsible for bearing the costs of the clean-up }}</ref> The clean up was expected to cost €70 million.<ref name=70mil>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20040808/ai_n12900740 |title=Steel Plant Mess Bill Has Doubled |work=Sunday Mirror|date=8 August 2004 |access-date=7 September 2010 |first=Lisa |last=O'Connor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027174039/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20040808/ai_n12900740/ |archive-date=27 October 2010 }}</ref>

Before December 2001, Mittal had acquired assets which he renamed Ispat Mexicana and his Kazakhstani operation Ispat Karmet. That month, he renamed Sidex Galati to Ispat Sidex,<ref name="egl">{{cite news |title=Ispat Sidex names new board |url=https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/1769721/Ispat-Sidex-names-new-board.html |agency=metalbulletin.com |publisher=Euromoney Global Limited |date=13 December 2001}}</ref> which he had acquired in November 2001.<ref name="seen">{{cite news |title=Liberty Galati SA (formerly known as Arcelormittal Galati SA) |url=https://seenews.com/companies/company_profile/liberty-galati-sa-formerly-known-as-arcelormittal-galati-sa-128 |publisher=SeeNews |date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

In October 2003, the LNM Group succeeded in concluding the $155 million transaction to pry loose the Romanian government from the control of steel assets Siderurgica Hunedoara and Petrotub Roman, the day after it took over the PHS Steel Group, which included Huta Sendzimira, Huta Katowice, Huta Florian, and Huta Cedler from the Polish government.<ref name="tetrao">{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=HS |title=LNM acquires Romanian steel plant |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/lnm-acquires-romanian-steel-plant/articleshow/257680.cms |publisher=The Economic Times |date=29 October 2003}}</ref>

Petrotub Roman was renamed Ispat Tepro in the sequel.<ref name="sotep">{{cite news |title=Ispat Tepro increased production by 255% |url=https://www.steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/ispat-tepro-increased-production-by-255-51857.htm |publisher=SteelOrbis |date=11 June 2004}}</ref>

Mittal successfully employed Marek Dochnal's consultancy to influence Polish officials in the 2003 privatisation of PHS steel group, which was then Poland's largest. Dochnal was later arrested for bribing Polish officials on behalf of Russian agents in a separate affair.<ref name="times">{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/how-tycoon-went-from-polo-lawns-to-polish-jail-nnq8lhjfvhh |title=How tycoon went from polo lawns to Polish jail |work=The Times |date=27 November 2004|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>

Employees of Mittal have accused him of allowing "slave labour" conditions after multiple fatalities in his mines.<ref name=slaves>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/uks-richest-man-in-slave-labour-row-ww8fgzj967d |first1=Mark |last1=Franchetti |first2=Robert |last2=Winnett |title=UK's richest man in slave labour row |work=The Times |location=London |date=10 June 2007|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> For example, during December 2004, 23 miners died in explosions in his mines in [[Kazakhstan]] caused by faulty gas detectors.<ref name=kazak>{{Cite web|date=2008-01-14|title=Methane Blast Kills at Least 23 at ArcelorMittal Coal Mine in Kazakhstan|url=http://www.industriall-union.org/archive/icem/methane-blast-kills-at-least-23-at-arcelormittal-coal-mine-in-kazakhstan|access-date=2020-11-13|website=IndustriALL|language=en}}</ref>

In 2006–07, Mittal succeeded in a hostile takeover bid for [[Arcelor]], which he renamed [[Arcelor Mittal]]. In so doing, he obtained control of, amongst others, the [[Usinor]] steel assets of France, the [[Arbed]] steel assets of Luxembourg, and the [[Aceralia]] steel assets of Spain.<ref name=ebhist/>

==Controversies==
===The Mittal Affair: "Cash for Influence"===
In 2002, [[Plaid Cymru]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Adam Price]] obtained a letter written by [[Tony Blair]] to the Romanian Government in support of Mittal's LNM Group steel company, which was in the process of bidding to buy Romania's state-owned industry.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1813620.stm |title=Plaid reveals Labour steel cash link |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 February 2002 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1820324.stm |title=Lakshmi Mittal, steel mill millionaire |first=Mike |last=Verdin |work=[[BBC News]] |date=14 February 2002 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Garbage">{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1818955.stm |title=Q&A: 'Garbagegate' |work=[[BBC News]] |date=14 February 2002 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> This revelation caused controversy, because Mittal had given £125,000 to the British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] the previous year. Although Blair defended his letter as simply "celebrating the success" of a British company, he was criticised because LNM was registered in the [[Netherlands Antilles|Dutch Antilles]] and employed less than 1% of its workforce in the UK.<ref name="Garbage"/> LNM was a "major global competitor of Britain's own struggling steel industry".<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1827460.stm |title=Steel firm condemns 'Mittal aid' |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 February 2002 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref>

Blair's letter hinted that the privatisation of the firm and sale to Mittal might help smooth the way for Romania's entry into the [[European Union]].<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/> It also had a passage, removed just before Blair's signing of it, describing Mittal as "a friend".<ref name="Garbage"/>

In October 2003, the LNM Group succeeded in concluding the transaction to pry loose the Romanian government from the control of steel assets.<ref name="tetrao"/>

==Social work==

===Sports===
After witnessing India win only one medal, [[bronze medal|bronze]], in the [[2000 Summer Olympics]], and one medal, [[silver medal|silver]], at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]], Mittal decided to set up the [[Mittal Champions Trust]] with $9 million to support ten Indian athletes with world-beating potential.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-mittal-s-olympic-dream-is-worth-rs-40-crore-9054 |title=Mittal's Olympic dream is worth Rs 40 crore |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=9 November 2005 |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> In 2008, Mittal awarded [[Abhinav Bindra]] with Rs. 1.5 Crore (Rs. 15 million), for getting India its first individual Olympic gold medal in shooting. ArcelorMittal also provided steel for the construction of the [[ArcelorMittal Orbit]] for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://arcelormittalorbit.com/about/about-the-arcelormittal-orbit/|title=About the ArcelorMittal Orbit|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>

For [[Comic Relief]] he matched the money raised (~£1 million) on the celebrity special BBC programme, ''[[The Apprentice (British TV series)|The Apprentice]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

Mittal had emerged as a leading contender to buy and sell [[Premier League|Barclays Premiership]] clubs [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan]] and [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]. However, on 20 December 2007, it was announced that the Mittal family had purchased a 20 per cent shareholding in [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers football club]] joining [[Flavio Briatore]] and Mittal's friend [[Bernie Ecclestone]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=QPR secure huge investment boost|work=BBC|access-date=20 December 2007|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/q/qpr/7154202.stm|date=20 December 2007|location=London}}</ref> As part of the investment Mittal's son-in-law, Amit Bhatia, took a place on the board of directors. The combined investment in the struggling club sparked suggestions that Mittal might be looking to join the growing ranks of wealthy individuals investing heavily in English football and emulating similar benefactors such as [[Roman Abramovich]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/12/21/sfnqpr121.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225080021/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fsport%2F2007%2F12%2F21%2Fsfnqpr121.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2007 |title=Lakshmi Mittal pushes QPR up the rich list |first=Kevin |last=Garside |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=5 August 2021 }}</ref> On 19 February 2010, Briatore resigned as QPR chairman, and sold further shares in the club to Ecclestone, making Ecclestone the single largest shareholder.<ref>{{cite news| title = Briatore resigns as QPR chairman|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=20 February 2010|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/motorSportsNews/idINLDE61I27B20100219|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104145619/http://in.reuters.com/article/motorSportsNews/idINLDE61I27B20100219|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2013|date=19 February 2010}}</ref>

===Education===
In 2003, the Lakshmi Niwas Mittal, Usha Mittal Foundation and the [[Government of Rajasthan]] partnered together to establish a university, the [[LNM Institute of Information Technology]] (LNMIIT) in [[Jaipur]] as an autonomous non-profit organisation.<ref name="Institute Information">{{Cite web|title=The LNM Institute of Information Technology - Institute Information - Indian Institutional Ranking Framework (IIRF) |url=https://iirfranking.com/location/institute-detail/609e0d4910a105bc63ff3d03|access-date=2025-08-10}}</ref>

In 2009, the Foundation along with [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] founded the Usha Lakshmi Mittal Institute of Management in [[New Delhi]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

[[SNDT Women's University]] renamed the Institute of Technology for Women (ITW) as [[Usha Mittal Institute of Technology]] after a large donation from the Lakshmi Niwas Mittal Foundation.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

He completed his primary and secondary school from Nopany High, formerly known as Shri Daulatram Nopany Vidyalaya.

===Medical===
In 2008, the Mittals made a donation of £15 million to [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]] in London, the largest private contribution the hospital had ever received. The donation was used to help fund their new facility, the Mittal Children's Medical Centre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/mittals-15m-gift-to-great-ormond-street-is-a-record-6680419.html|title=Mittals' £15m gift to Great Ormond Street is a record|date=9 April 2008|website=Evening Standard}}</ref>

====COVID-19 pandemic====
He made a donation of ₹100 [[crore]]s to PM cares fund during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/coronavirus-crisis-lakshmi-mittal-announces-rs-100-cr-to-pm-cares-fund/story/399785.html|title=Coronavirus crisis: Lakshmi Mittal announces Rs 100 cr to PM CARES Fund|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=April 2020 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:18-19 Kensington palace Gardens London.jpg|thumb|Mittal's residence, 18–19, [[Kensington Palace Gardens]], [[London]]]]
Mittal is married to Usha Dalmia. They have a son [[Aditya Mittal]] and a daughter, Vanisha Mittal.

Lakshmi Mittal has two brothers, Pramod Mittal and Vinod Mittal, and a sister, Seema Lohia, who married [[Indonesia]]n businessman, [[Sri Prakash Lohia]].<ref name=acelor-directors/><ref name=123-birthday>{{cite web |title=Lakshmi Mittal Chairman and CEO of Mittal Steel |url=http://www.webindia123.com/personal/abroad/mittal.htm |website=webindia123.com |access-date=22 March 2015}}</ref> His residence at 18–19 [[Kensington Palace Gardens]]—which was purchased from [[Formula One]] boss [[Bernie Ecclestone]] in 2004 for £67 million (US$128 million)—made it the world's most expensive house at the time.<ref>{{Cite news| title=$128M Spend for London House | work=NBC News |date=12 April 2004 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4722789}}</ref> The house is decorated with marble taken from the same [[quarry]] that supplied the [[Taj Mahal]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3636555/Profile-Lakshmi-Mittal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3636555/Profile-Lakshmi-Mittal.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=William | last=Langley | title=Profile: Lakshmi Mittal | date=21 January 2007}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The extravagant show of wealth has been referred to as the "Taj Mittal".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googlesightseeing.com/2007/07/takeover-week-billionaires-row-rob/ |title=Takeover Week: Billionaires Row |first=James |last=Turnbull |work=Google Sightseeing |date=13 July 2007 |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> It has 12 bedrooms, an indoor pool, Turkish baths and parking for 20 cars.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/03/11/billionaire-homes-expensive-billionaires-2009-lifestyle-real-estate-homes_4.html?thisSpeed=30000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315180451/http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/11/billionaire-homes-expensive-billionaires-2009-lifestyle-real-estate-homes_4.html?thisSpeed=30000 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 March 2009 |title=Photo Gallery: Homes of the Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=22 May 2002 |access-date=7 September 2010}}</ref> He is a [[Lacto vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]].<ref name="On billionaire row, it's simple, veggie fare">{{cite news|title=On billionaire row, it's simple, veggie fare|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-28/news/27728100_1_networth-diet-anil-agarwal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113181813/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-28/news/27728100_1_networth-diet-anil-agarwal|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2013|access-date=31 May 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 September 2008}}</ref>

Mittal bought No. 9A Palace Greens, [[Kensington Gardens]], formerly the Philippines Embassy, for £70 million in 2008 for his daughter Vanisha Mittal, who is married to [[Amit Bhatia]], a businessman and [[philanthropist]]. Mittal threw a lavish "vegetarian reception" for Vanisha in the [[Palace of Versailles]], France.<ref name="On billionaire row, it's simple, veggie fare"/>

In 2005, he also bought a colonial bungalow for $30 million at No. 22, [[Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road]], [[New Delhi]], one of the most exclusive streets in [[India]], occupied by embassies and billionaires, and rebuilt it as a house.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-08-18/india/27836275_1_compressor-water-system-green-signal | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011161901/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-08-18/india/27836275_1_compressor-water-system-green-signal | url-status=dead | archive-date=11 October 2011 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Lakshmi Mittal builds real Utopia | date=18 August 2005}}</ref>

In 2025, Mittal was reported to be preparing to leave the United Kingdom after nearly three decades of residence, following the UK government’s decision to abolish the non-domiciled (“non-dom”) tax status.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Agnew |first=Harriet |last2=Pfeifer |first2=Sylvia |last3=Spero |first3=Josh |date=2025-03-27 |title=Steel tycoon Lakshmi Mittal plans to leave UK after non-dom tax change |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7fafdfe5-f25a-4cb9-a326-03aa54358fe8 |access-date=2025-03-28 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>

In November 2025, [[The Sunday Times]] newspaper reported that Mittal had paid about $200 million (£152.7 million) for a [[baroque]] mansion at [[Emirates Hills]]' [[Dubai]]. The paper also confirmed that 'he is resident in [[Switzerland]] for tax and is to spend much of his future in Dubai.'<ref>Lakshmi Mittal, one of Britain’s richest men, quits UK, The Sunday Times, Robert Watts, November 22, 2025, mentioned in paragraph 20</ref>

===Personal wealth===
According to the ''[[Sunday Times Rich List 2016]]'', Mittal and his family had an estimated personal [[net worth]] of {{GBP}}7.12 [[1,000,000,000|billion]],<ref name="strl2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231113409/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|title=Rich List|work=thesundaytimes.co.uk|access-date=24 April 2016|editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford |editor2=Watts, Robert |date=24 April 2016 }}</ref> a decrease of $2.08 billion on the previous year.<ref name="strl2015">{{cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231113409/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|title=2015 Rich List|work=thesundaytimes.co.uk|access-date=9 October 2015 |editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford |date=April 2015}}</ref> Meanwhile, in 2016 ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine's annual billionaires list assessed estimated Mittal's wealth in 2016 at as the 135th-wealthiest billionaire with a net worth of {{USD}}8.4 billion.<ref name="Forbes-2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/?list=billionaires |title=#135 Lakshmi Mittal |work=[[Forbes]] |date=February 2016 |access-date=9 June 2015 }}</ref> Mittal's net worth peaked in 2008, assessed by ''The Sunday Times'' at £27.70 billion,<ref name="strl2008" /> and by ''Forbes'' at {{USD}}45.0 billion, and rated as the fourth-wealthiest individual in the world.<ref name="Forbes-2008"/> As of 2022, he was ranked as the 15th richest man in India by ''Forbes'' with a net-worth of US$17.8 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lakshmi Mittal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/?sh=4e16fc0c191e |website=Forbes |access-date=January 24, 2023}}</ref> According to Forbes, Lakshmi Mittal’s net worth is currently estimated at US$16.4 billion as of 2024. He holds the position of the 113th richest individual globally and ranks as the 13th wealthiest person in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakshmi Mittal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |title=Forbes World's Billionaires List 2024: The Top 200 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2024/04/02/forbes-worlds-billionaires-list-2024-the-top-200/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2024, Mittal was ranked 15th on Forbes' list of India’s 100 richest tycoons, with a net worth of $16.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2024 |title=India's 100 Richest |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/india-billionaires/ |website=India’s 100 Richest}}</ref>

====Wealth rankings====
:{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|Legend
|-
! Icon
! Description
|-
|{{steady}}
|Has not changed from the previous year's list
|-
|{{profit}}
|Has increased from the previous year's list
|-
|{{loss}}
|Has decreased from the previous year's list
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 | Year
! colspan=2 width=40% | ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' [[Sunday Times Rich List|Rich List]]
! colspan=2 width=40% | ''[[Forbes]]'' {{nowrap|[[The World's Billionaires]]}}
|-
! Rank
! [[Net worth]] ({{GBP}}) [[1,000,000,000|bn]]
! Rank
! [[Net worth]] ({{USD}}) [[1,000,000,000|bn]]
|-
| 2005
| align="center" |
| align="right" |
| align="center" | {{nts|3}}
| align="right" | $25.00
|-
| 2006
| align="center" | {{nts|1}}
| align="right" | £14.88 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|5}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $23.50 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2007<ref name="Forbes-2007">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Lakshmi-Mittal_R0YG.html |title=#5 Lakshmi Mittal |work=[[Forbes]] |date=8 March 2007 |access-date=9 June 2015 }}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £19.25 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|5}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | $32.00 {{increase}}
|-
| 2008<ref name="strl2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/rich-list-reveals-wealthy-reap-profits-under-labour-rwf0pd9hh6v |title=Rich List reveals wealthy reap profits under Labour |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=27 April 2008 |editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Forbes-2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_Lakshmi-Mittal_R0YG.html |title=#4 Lakshmi Mittal |work=[[Forbes]] |date=5 March 2008 |access-date=9 June 2015 }}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £27.70 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|4}} {{increase}}
| align="right" | $45.00 {{increase}}
|-
| 2009<ref name="strl2009">{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/sunday-times-rich-list-2009-bonfire-of-the-billionaires-wipes-out-155bn-fortune-rp62d9qpmkr |title=Sunday Times Rich List: Bonfire of the billionaires wipes out £155bn fortune |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=26 April 2009 |editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Forbes-2009">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Lakshmi-Mittal_R0YG.html |title=#8 Lakshmi Mittal |work=[[Forbes]] |date=11 March 2009 |access-date=9 June 2015 }}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £10.80 {{decrease}}
| align="center" | {{nts|8}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $19.30 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2010<ref name=Rubble>{{cite news |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article7107182.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611214558/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article7107182.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 June 2011 |title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2010: Rising from the rubble |work=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=25 April 2010 }}</ref><ref name="strl2010">{{cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231113409/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|title=2010 Rich List|work=thesundaytimes.co.uk |editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford |date=25 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="Forbes-2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Lakshmi-Mittal_R0YG.html |title=#5 Lakshmi Mittal |work=[[Forbes]] |date=10 March 2010 |access-date=9 June 2015 }}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £22.45 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|5}} {{increase}}
| align="right" | $28.70 {{increase}}
|-
| 2011<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRI_Forbes/2011/BILLIONAIR.htm |title=Fifty Indians on Forbes' global billionaire club |work=NRI internet |location=Washington, D.C. |date=10 March 2011 |access-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £17.50 {{decrease}}
| align="center" | {{nts|6}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $31.10 {{increase}}
|-
| 2012<ref name="strl2012">{{cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231113409/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/richlist/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|title=2014 Rich List|work=thesundaytimes.co.uk |editor1=Beresford, Philip |editor1-link=Philip Beresford |date=29 April 2012}}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|1}} {{steady}}
| align="right" | £12.70 {{decrease}}
| align="center" | {{nts|21}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $20.70 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2013<ref name="ibt2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-10-richest-people-in-india-mukesh-ambani-lakshmi-mittal-dilip-shanghvi-photos-517932 |title=Top 10 Richest People in India: Mukesh Ambani, Lakshmi Mittal, Dilip Shanghvi|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=9 June 2016 |date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="forbes2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.executivestyle.com.au/heir-style-the-rich-kids-who-have-it-all-2xbt0 |title=Heir style: the rich kids who have it all |work=Executive Style |location=Australia |access-date=10 June 2016 |author=Willett, Megan |date=2013}}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|4}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | £10.00 {{decrease}}
| align="center" | {{nts|41}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $16.50 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2014<ref name="reuters2014">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/forbes-bill-gates-buffett-carlos-idINDEEA2301B20140304 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227125446/http://in.reuters.com/article/forbes-bill-gates-buffett-carlos-idINDEEA2301B20140304 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 February 2016 |title=Bill Gates tops Forbes billionaire list, Mukesh Ambani richest Indian|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=10 June 2016 |author=Stempel, Jonathan |date=4 March 2014}}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|3}} {{increase}}
| align="right" | £10.25 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|52}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $13.70 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2015<ref name=Forbes2015>{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/ |work=The World's Billionaires |title=#82 Lakshmi Mittal |publisher=[[Forbes]] |date=21 March 2015 |access-date=22 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=Guardian>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/apr/26/crisis-what-crisis-britains-richest-double-their-wealth-in-10-years |title=Richest Double wealth |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=United Kingdom |date=26 April 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name="forbes2015">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2015/03/09/2015-forbes-billionaires-full-list-of-asias-562-richest-people/#1528f47654ab |title=2015 Forbes Billionaires: Full List Of Asia's 562 Richest People |work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=10 June 2016 |author=Flannery, Russell |date=9 March 2015}}</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|7}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | £9.20 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|82}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $13.50 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2016<ref name="strl2016"/><ref name="Forbes-2016"/>
| align="center" | {{nts|11}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | £7.12 {{increase}}
| align="center" | {{nts|135}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $8.40 {{decrease}}
|-
| 2020<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list The Rich List 2020] Times Newspapers Limited, 2020</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal/#7864bb2e191e #196 Lakshmi Mittal] Forbes, 8 September 2020</ref>
| align="center" | {{nts|19}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | £6.78 {{decrease}}
| align="center" | {{nts|196}} {{decrease}}
| align="right" | $9.70 {{increase}}
|-
|2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes Billionaires 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=Forbes |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2024 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=The Times |language=en}}</ref>
|{{nts|7}} {{increase}}
|£14.92 {{increase}}
|{{nts|113}}{{increase}}
|$16.4 {{increase}}
|}

==Awards and honours==
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Vibhushan to Shri Lakshmi Niwas Mittal at Civil Investiture-II Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 10, 2008.jpg|thumb|The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Vibhushan to Shri Lakshmi Niwas Mittal at Civil Investiture-II Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 10, 2008]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! Year of award or honour !! Name of award or honour !! Awarding organisation
|-
| 2008
| [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| [[Government of India]]
|-
| 2008
| Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award
| ''[[Forbes]]''
|-
| 2007
| Fellowship
| [[King's College London]]
|-
| 2007
| [[Bessemer Gold Medal]]
| [[IOM3]]
|-
| 2004
| European Businessman of the Year
| Forbes
|-
| 2004
| Entrepreneur of the Year
| ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
|-
| 2004
| 8th honorary Willy Korf Steel Vision Award
| American Metal Market and World Steel Dynamics
|-
| 1996
| Steel Maker of the Year
| New Steel
|}

* Tim Bouquet and Byron Ousey – ''Cold Steel'' (Little, Brown, 2008)
* Navalpreet Rangi – ''Documentary Film'' (The Man with a Mission, 2010)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/lakshmi-mittal Profile] at ''[[Forbes]]''
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5142202.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1156507,00.html Article on Mittal with background on Arcelor takeover bid] – ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3830009.stm BBC News Online – "Glimpsing a Fairytale Wedding"]
* [https://archive.today/20121220232801/http://www.ohiocitizen.org/campaigns/isg/isg.html ''Mittal Steel Cleveland Works'']
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=azkhfjKQebj0 Article on Mittal Family purchase of Escada] – Bloomberg

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mittal, Lakshmi}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:ArcelorMittal]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the steel industry]]
[[Category:Directors of Goldman Sachs]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) donors]]
[[Category:People from Churu district]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Bessemer Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Queens Park Rangers F.C. directors and chairmen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in trade & industry]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Mittal family|Lakshmi]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) donors]]

Muthukulam Parvathy Amma

2026-03-30T20:20:49Z

Mvjceng: Started new info w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian writer and social reformer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Muthukulam Parvathy Amma
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1904|1|28}}
| birth_place = [[Muthukulam]], [[Alappuzha district]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1977|9|15|1904|01|28}}
| death_place =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| other_names =
| notableworks =
| occupation = Writer, social reformer
| spouse =
| children =
| parents = {{ubl|P. Rama Panicker (father)|Velumbiamma (mother)}}
| awards =
}}
'''Muthukulam Parvathy Amma''' (1904–1977) was a [[Malayalam language]] poet, teacher, translator, freedom fighter and social reformer from [[Kerala]], India. She published books in various genres of literature, including poetry, short poems, plays, short stories, children's literature, translations and biographies. Parvathy Amma, a follower of [[Narayana Guru]], supported the [[Indian freedom struggle]], and was inclined towards the [[Indian National Congress]]. Muthukulam Parvathy Amma Award is a literary award given to woman writers.

==Biography==
Muthukulam Parvathy Amma was born on Thursday, January 28, 1904, as the youngest daughter of Ramapanicker from Thattakkattussery house in [[Muthukulam]], and Velumbiamma of Nallanikkal Kandathil house in [[Arattupuzha]], in present-day [[Alappuzha district]] of Kerala.<ref name="Janmabhumi">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Janmabhumi |date=2024-01-28 |title=ഭഗവദ്ഗീതയ്ക്ക് ഭാഷാവൃത്തത്തില്‍ പരിഭാഷ നല്‍കിയ കവിയാണ് മുതുകുളം പാര്‍വതിയമ്മ; പ്രതിഭാശാലിയായ കവി |url=https://janmabhumi.in/2024/01/29/3160295/vicharam/article/muthukulam-parvathyamma-is-the-poet-who-translated-the-bhagavad-gita-into-a-language-a-talented-poet/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Janmabhumi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Keralakaumudi3">{{cite news |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മ |work=Keralakaumudi Daily |agency=Keralakaumudi |date=2 October 2021}}</ref> Ramapanicker an astrologer by profession was also a progressive thinker. Even during the time untouchability in Kerala, he copied and wrote down the Hindu epics [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] and distributed to many.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> When Parvathy was one and a half years old, her father died.<ref name="Janmabhumi" />

Her subsequent life was full of hardship. They were not likely to get the family share of her father, according to the common law of that time.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> Therefore, they moved from Thattakattussery to a little property and a small house that they had previously acquired.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> There were hardships at home, but her older brother raised her in a way that didn't affect her at all.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> Parvathy's primary education was at Muthukulam Varanapalli Primary School and Keerikad School.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> The upper-caste students did not like to sit close to the dark and thin Parvathy because of her caste and appearance.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> She was able to continue in class only because the law allowed it.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> She also studied under Krishnan Nair of Muthukulam.<ref name="mahila">{{cite book |title=Mahilakal Malayala sahithyathil |date=2012 |publisher=[[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]] |pages=39–40 |language=Malayalam}} A book on women in Malayalam literature</ref>

Parvati Amma studied [[Sanskrit]] from Sanskrit scholars Chepad Achyutavariyar, Chalil Veluvasan and Padmanabhapanikar.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> She attained scholar status after studying Sanskrit poems from Sriramodantham to Kumarasambhavam Raghuvansham Magham.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> This later helped her poetry writing. When she joined VH School in [[Kollam]], she met poets [[Mary John Thottam]], Mundakkal Lakshmi and Mayyanad Lakshmi.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> They used to write letters to each other in verse.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> After passing the ninth standard, Parvathy took up teaching career.<ref name="Janmabhumi" /> Then she also passed the ''Vdwan'' and ''Visharad'' examinations from the [[University of Madras]].<ref name="mahila"/> She also acquired a general knowledge of [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] languages during this time.<ref name="Janmabhumi" />

Parvathy Amma, a follower of [[Narayana Guru]] wanted to establish a sangha (group) of women followers of the Guru.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini">{{cite web |last1=Devika |first1=J. |title=Religion and Politics, Taboo for Women? The Life of Muthukulam Parvathy Amma |url=https://swatantryavaadini.in/2020/10/03/religion-and-politics-taboo-for-women-the-life-of-muthukulam-parvathy-amma/ |website=Swatantryavaadini |date=3 October 2020}}</ref> The ''Mahila Ashram'' ([[ashram]] for women) she wanted to set up was a refuge like that which existed for the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] nuns.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/>

Parvati Amma, who supported the [[Indian freedom struggle]], was inclined towards the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> She campaigned for the Congress party in the 1960 general elections and traveled all over Kerala, speaking at various meetings.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> The play ''Save India'' written by her for the election campaign was performed allover the Kerala.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> She also took part in the struggles related to the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Devika |first1=J. |title='Kulastreeyum' 'chanthapennum' undayathengane? |page=224 |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

The women of Muthukulam have long wanted a maternity ward at the Muthukulam Public Health Center. Parvati Amma is one of the prominent people who worked to make this possible.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> She was a great propagandist of [[Gandhism|Gandhian ideas]] and actively participated in anti-alcohol activities and wrote and preached extensively to educate the people about the evils of [[alcoholism]].<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/>

Parvathi Amma, who was also a dancer, was the headmistress at the Harippad Government Girls' School when she composed the ''Kayarupinni Thiruvathira'', a modification of traditional [[Thiruvathira]] dance.<ref>{{cite news |title=രാജാവിന്റെയും റാണിയുടേയും അഭിനന്ദനം പ്രചോദനമായി; ദേവയാനി ആശാട്ടി കൈകൊട്ടിയാൽ ശിഷ്യർ ഇ... |url=https://www.marunadanmalayalee.com/news/special-report/story-on-kayar-pinni-thiruvathira-20032 |work=www.marunadanmalayalee.com}}</ref>

She died on 15 September 1977.<ref>{{cite news |title=മരിക്കാത്ത ഓർമ്മകൾ - സെപ്റ്റംബർ 15 |url=https://kalamnews.in/column-daily-marikkathaormakal-rahulkaimala-sept15 |work=Admin |date=14 September 2020 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Literary career==
Started writing poetry at the age of twelve, Parvathy Amma's first work named ''Yathartha jeevitham'' (meaning:real life) was published in T. C. Kalyaniyamma's ''Sharda'', a women's magazine. The introduction to the first collection of poems published under the name ''Udayaprabha'' (meaning:morning light) was written by [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer|Ulloor]].<ref name="mahila"/> Ulloor observe that her style is very close to that of [[Kumaran Asan]].<ref name="Keralakaumudi3"/>

On [[Sree Narayana Guru]]’s birthday celebrations in 1924, She had prepared and sung a felicitation in verse, written in the [[Kilippattu]] style dedicating to the Guru.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> Hearing the poem, Guru praised her very much.<ref name="Keralakaumudi">{{cite news |last1=Daily |first1=Keralakaumudi |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മയും പിച്ചമ്മാളും ഗുരുദേവന്റെ ഗൃഹസ്ഥ ശിഷ്യകൾ |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=5453&u=sivagiri-acharya-smrithi-program-5453?amp=1 |work=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=ml}}</ref>

She has published books in various genres of literature, including poetry, short poems, plays, short stories, translations and biographies. ''Sreebudha Charitha'' (biography of Buddha) the incomplete work of the poet [[Kumaran Asan]] was completed by Parvati Amma.<ref name="Keralakaumudi"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramesh |first1=Jairam |title=The Light of Asia: The Poem that Defined the Buddha |date=7 June 2021 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-91149-20-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCQrEAAAQBAJ&dq=muthukulam+parvathi+amma&pg=PT280 |language=en}}</ref> She has also written one act plays for children.<ref>{{cite book |last1=JAMUNA |first1=K. A. |title=Children's Literature in Indian Languages |date=1 June 2017 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2456-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KS0nDwAAQBAJ&dq=muthukulam+parvathi+amma+one+act+play&pg=PT103 |language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
*''Udayaprabha''<ref name="Keralaliterature">{{cite web |title=മുതുകുളം പാര്‍വ്വതി അമ്മ |url=http://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-%e0%b4%ae%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%af%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b3%e0%b4%82-%e0%b4%8e%e0%b4%b4%e0%b5%81%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%81%e0%b4%95%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b0%e0%b5%8d%e2%80%8d/%e0%b4%ae%e0%b5%81%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%81%e0%b4%95%e0%b5%81%e0%b4%b3%e0%b4%82-%e0%b4%aa%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b0%e0%b5%8d%e2%80%8d%e0%b4%b5%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%b5%e0%b4%a4%e0%b4%bf-%e0%b4%85%e0%b4%ae%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%ae/ |website=Keralaliterature.com |date=11 February 2019}}</ref>
*''Sree Chithira Maha Vijayam''<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Maathru Vilapam'' (meaning:Mother's lament)<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*{{cite book |title=Asrukudeeram or Bakthameerayude Divyasamadi|date=1951 |publisher=SRP Press |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/220309 |language=Malayalam}}
*''Oru Vilapam'' (meaning:A lament)
*{{cite book |title=Meera |date=1963 |publisher=VV Press |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/223772 |language=Malayalam}}
*''Gananjali''<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Gana Devatha'' (meaning:Goddess of Songs)
*''Pookkari'' (meaning:Florist) (poetry collections)<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Bhuvanadeepika''<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Ahalya''<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Save India'' (play)
*''Dharma Bali'' (play)
*''Karmaphalam''
*''Kathamanjari'' (stories)<ref name="akademi">{{cite book |last1=Akademi |first1=Sahitya |title=Who's Who Of Indian Writers |publisher=Dalcassian Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56PWDwAAQBAJ&dq=muthukulam+parvathy+amma+biography&pg=PA221 |language=en}}</ref>
*''Sree Narayana Margam'' (philosophy)
*''Randu Devathakal'' (meaning:Two Goddesses) (Biography)
*''Sri Buddha charitam''<ref name="akademi"/>
*''Srimad Bhagavad Gita'' (translation)<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Geethanjali'' (translation)<ref name="Keralaliterature"/>
*''Bharatheeya Vanithakal'' (meaning:Indian Women) (Translations)
*{{cite book |title=Muthukulam Parvathy Ammayude Kavithakal |date=2016 |publisher=[[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]] |isbn=978-0000305732}}

==Works on her==
Her biography published in 2005 is written by V. Dethan and published by Fabian Books, Nooranad.<ref name="Swatantryavaadini"/> In 2016, [[Kerala Bhasha Institute]] published Parvathy Amma's biography named ''Muthukulam Parvathy Amma'' ({{ISBN|9788120039582}}) written by Nirmala Rajagopal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=NIRMALA RAJAGOPAL |url=http://catalogue.keralauniversity.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=190636&query_desc=Provider:State%20institute%20of%20languages |title=Muthukulam Parvathy amma |date=2016 |publisher=The state institute of languages |isbn=978-81-200-3958-2 |location=TVPM}}</ref>

==Muthukulam Parvathy Amma Award==
Muthukulam Parvathy Amma Award is a literary award given to woman writers, in the name of Parvati Amma. The award consists of Rs. 10,000 and a Certificate of Merit.<ref name="Deshabhimani">{{cite news |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവതി അമ്മ സാഹിത്യപുരസ‌്കാരം ജിഷ അഭിനയയ‌്ക്ക‌് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/jisha-abhinaya-deshabhimani/775306 |work=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> Works from any literary genre will be considered for the award.<ref name="Keralakaumudi2">{{cite news |last1=Daily |first1=Keralakaumudi |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവതി അമ്മ പുരസ്‌കാരം |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=678034&u=local-news-alappuzha |work=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref> Works that have been published for the first time in the last three years will be considered for the award.<ref name="Keralakaumudi2"/>

===Awardees===
{{incomplete list|date=March 2022}}
*2003: [[Chandramathi]]
*2010: [[C. S. Chandrika]], for her essay titled ''Aarthavamulla Sthreekal''.
*2017: [[Shahina E. K.]]
*2019: [[Jisha Abhinaya]], for ''Eli Eli Lama Sabaktani'' a collection of plays.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>
*2020: [[E. K. Sheeba]], for the work ''Manja Nadikalude Sooryan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=മുതുകുളം പാര്‍വ്വതിയമ്മ പുരസ്‌കാരം ഇ.കെ.ഷീബയ്ക്ക് |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/muthukulam-parvathiyamma-award-for-e-k-sheeba.html |language=en-gb |date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
*2021: [[V. P. Suhra]], for her autobiography ''Jorayude Katha'' (meaning:'The Story of Jora')<ref>{{cite news |title=മുതുകളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്കാരം വി.പി സുഹ്റയ്ക്ക്. |url=https://m.malayalamexpress.in/article/archives/1571905/amp |work=www.malayalamexpress.in }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*2023: [[V. K. Deepa]], for her short story collection ''Woman Eaters''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ലേഖകൻ |first1=മാധ്യമം |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്കാരം വി.കെ. ദീപയ്ക്ക് {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/culture/literature/muthukulam-parvathy-amma-award-1116441 |work=www.madhyamam.com |date=10 January 2023 |language=ml |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114115415/https://www.madhyamam.com/culture/literature/muthukulam-parvathy-amma-award-1116441}}</ref>
*2024: Sheela Tomy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Janmabhumi |date=2024-01-28 |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മയുടെ സ്ഥാനം നവോത്ഥാന കവികൾക്കൊപ്പം :ആലംകോട് ലീലാകൃഷ്ണൻ |url=https://janmabhumi.in/2024/01/28/3160039/news/kerala/muthukulam-parvathi-amma-award-goes-to-alamkose-leela-krishnan/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Janmabhumi |language=en-US}}</ref> The award was given for her novel titled ''Aa nadiyod peru chodikkaruth''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanjirathil |first=Renjith |date=2024-01-11 |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതിഅമ്മ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്കാരം ഷീലാ ടോമിയ്ക്ക് |url=https://janamtv.com/80806431/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Janam TV |language=ml-IN}}</ref>
*2025: Sudha Menon, for her work ''Charithram adrishyamakkiya murivikal'' (meaning: Wounds Made Invisible by History).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=മുതുകുളം പാർവ്വതി അമ്മ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം സുധാമേനോന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/sudha-menon-won-muthukulam-parvathy-amma-sahithya-puraskaram-1.10225867 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parvathy Amma, Muthukulam}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Sketch (2018 film)

2026-03-30T07:09:50Z

Mvjceng:

{{short description|Film by Vijay Chandar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Sketch Release Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vijay Chandar]]
| producer = [[Kalaipuli S. Thanu]]
| writer = Vijay Chandar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]}}
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| cinematography = [[M. Sukumar]]
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| studio = Moving Frame
| distributor = [[Kalaipuli S. Thanu|V Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|01|12}}
| runtime = 135 minutes<ref name="toi" />
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Sketch''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film|action thriller film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=SKETCH |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/sketch-film |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327110142/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/sketch-film |archive-date=27 March 2019 |website=British Board of Film Classification}}</ref> written and directed by [[Vijay Chandar]]. The film features [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] and [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] in the leading roles for the first time, with [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] and [[R. K. Suresh]] among others portraying supporting roles. The film was released on 12 January 2018.

== Plot ==
Jeeva aka ''Sketch'' lives with his uncle Dorai, who used to tow and bring back vehicles for which the monthly [[Equated monthly installment|EMI]] had not been paid. However, during a fight, he loses his hand, and Sketch is provided with the job, who does his day-to-day job perfectly. Dorai's right-hand Ravi wanted to take over the business. However, Bhaskar "Boss" Settu agrees with Sketch coming up to the position.

At a college, Sketch tows a scooter that belonged to Priya, Ammu's friend. The next day, he happens to meet her on a bus. When some other guy tries to harass her, Sketch bats away his hand, when the bus stops quickly, causing Sketch to bump into Ammu. She mistakes this as him trying to make advances on her and yells at him, only later does she realise that he was trying to protect her, and she falls for him.

One day, Sketch loses a bike while bringing it back to the garage. The owner gets enraged and demands ₹2 lakh from Settu. Sketch realises that this was a plot by Ravi to embarrass him, when he faces them to retrieve the money and the stolen bike, which earns back Settu's trust, and they celebrate. Settu reveals that his father was insulted by a local goon named ''[[Royapuram]]'' Kumar, where he asks Sketch to sketch a plan to steal Kumar's car.

Sketch steals Kumar's car and ends up in a [[Car chase#In film and television|chase]] with police that ends with Sketch creating a rivalry with Kumar. Kumar brings a gang from another state to finish off Sketch and his team, where after one by one, Sketch's friends are killed, and Sketch is confused about who the killer is.

Later, Sketch is confronted by the boys, who were working along with Sketch in Settu's garage. The boys reveal that they planned and killed Sketch's friends out of jealousy to take Sketch's position and seemingly stab him to death. However, Sketch survives and he forgives them and protects the boys from police by helping them escape, where the film ends with a moral: ''avoid child labour''.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] as Jeeva/Sketch
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Amuthavalli
*[[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Maari
*[[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as "Royapuram" Kumar
*[[R. K. Suresh]] as Ravi
*[[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Baskar
*[[Kalloori Vinoth]] as Chitti
*[[Kabali Vishwanth]] as Guna
*[[Hareesh Peradi]] as Settu Bhaskar
*[[Jangiri Madhumitha]] as Manju
*[[Sri Priyanka]] as Priya
*[[Vela Ramamoorthy]] as Sketch's father
*[[Aruldoss]] as Dorai, Sketch's uncle
*[[Abhishek Vinod]] as Shakthivel
*[[Meghali]] as Gayathri
*[[Cheenu Mohan]] as Gayathri's father
*[[Jeeva Ravi]] as police officer
*[[Ravi Kishan]]
*[[P. L. Thenappan]]
*[[Poster Nandakumar]]
*[[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]]
*[[K. S. G. Venkatesh]] as Amuthavalli's father
*[[Lollu Sabha Seshu]]
*Maayi Sundar
*Billy Murali
;Cameo appearance
*[[Vijay Chandar]] in the song "Atchi Putchi"
}}

== Production ==
In November 2016, director [[Vijay Chandar]], who had previously made ''[[Vaalu]]'' (2015), revealed that his next project would feature [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in the lead role. Produced by Silverline Film Factory, who had worked on an incomplete fantasy film titled ''Karikalan'' with Vikram during 2010, the film was widely reported to be a remake of the American film, ''[[Don't Breathe]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2016 |title=Vikram's next will be directed by Vaalu fame Vijay Chander |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/vikram-next-will-be-directed-by-vaalu-fame-vijay-chander-4380310/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523132839/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/vikram-next-will-be-directed-by-vaalu-fame-vijay-chander-4380310/ |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2016 |title=Vikram teams up with Vijay Chander for his next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vikramteams-up-with-Vijay-Chander-for-his-next/articleshow/55473108.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120103130/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vikramteams-up-with-Vijay-Chander-for-his-next/articleshow/55473108.cms |archive-date=20 November 2016 |access-date=21 June 2017 |work=The Times of India }}</ref> Denying the reports, Vijay Chandar later clarified that it was an original script and the film would be set in North Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2017 |title=Vikram starts shooting for Vijay Chander film |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-starts-shooting-for-vijay-chander-film-news-tamil-rcklPiifbdjhe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210223033/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-starts-shooting-for-vijay-chander-film-news-tamil-rcklPiifbdjhe.html |archive-date=10 February 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[M. Sukumar]] was selected as cinematographer, while [[Thaman S]] collaborated with Vijay Chander again.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Janani K |date=19 March 2017 |title=Thaman completes three songs for Vikram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200317/thaman-completes-three-songs-for-vikram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523144015/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200317/thaman-completes-three-songs-for-vikram.html |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

[[Sai Pallavi]] was signed to play the lead actress in the project, marking her first leading role in Tamil films. She later opted out of the film and returned her advance in late February 2017, citing scheduling issues with her work on the Tamil language remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' (2015) directed by [[A. L. Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Janani Karthik |date=26 February 2017 |title=Sai Pallavi opts out of Vikram film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sai-pallavi-opts-out-of-vikram-film/articleshow/56873973.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902064636/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sai-pallavi-opts-out-of-vikram-film/articleshow/56873973.cms |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |work=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sukumar on board for Vikram- Vijay Chander's next |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sukumar-on-board-for-vikram-vijay-chander-s-next-news-tamil-rb4jIwiefdieb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412143658/http://www.sify.com/movies/sukumar-on-board-for-vikram-vijay-chander-s-next-news-tamil-rb4jIwiefdieb.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> She was later replaced by [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], who stated it was "liberating to see a strong storyline in a commercial pot-boiler".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Janani K |date=6 February 2017 |title=Tamannaah excited to team up with Vikram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/070217/tamannaah-excited-to-team-up-with-vikram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523133002/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/070217/tamannaah-excited-to-team-up-with-vikram.html |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Actors [[Ravi Kishan]], [[R. K. Suresh]] and [[Radha Ravi]] were selected to portray antagonists in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Janani K |date=1 December 2016 |title=Ravi Kishan turns villain for Vikram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/021216/ravi-kishan-turns-villain-for-vikram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523135646/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/021216/ravi-kishan-turns-villain-for-vikram.html |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2017 |title=RK Suresh to play villain in Vikram's upcoming film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rk-suresh-to-play-villain-in-vikram-upcoming-film-4519396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523133050/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/rk-suresh-to-play-villain-in-vikram-upcoming-film-4519396/ |archive-date=23 May 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Actor [[Kabali Vishwanth|Vishwanath]], who had a breakthrough role in [[Pa. Ranjith]]'s ''[[Kabali]]'' (2016), was signed on to play a supporting role in the film, with Vijay Chander requesting the actor to take reference of [[Kalaiyarasan]]'s role in ''[[Madras (film)|Madras]]'' (2014) for his particular character.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mrinalini Sundar |date=21 March 2017 |title=Vishwanath to play a key role in Vikram's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishwanath-to-play-a-key-role-in-vikrams-next/articleshow/57734193.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902064621/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishwanath-to-play-a-key-role-in-vikrams-next/articleshow/57734193.cms |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=21 June 2017 |work=The Times of India }}</ref> Actress [[Sri Priyanka]], previously seen as the lead actress in small budget films, was also selected to portray second lead actress in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2017 |title=Sri Priyanka Joins Vikram and Tamannaah For Vijay Chandar’s Next Directorial |url=http://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/sri-priyanka-joins-vikram-and-tamannaah-for-vijay-chandars-next-directorial/article48763.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054817/http://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/sri-priyanka-joins-vikram-and-tamannaah-for-vijay-chandars-next-directorial/article48763.htm |archive-date=23 April 2017 |work=[[Desimartini]] |language=en |access-date=12 April 2017 }}</ref>

Following a period of delay, the film began its shoot at Binny Mills in Chennai during early February 2017, with Vikram choosing to simultaneously work on the project alongside his commitments for [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s spy thriller ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2017 |title=Vikram starts shooting for Vijay Chander’s film |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/11/vikram-starts-shooting-for-vijay-chanders-film-1569249.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412224428/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/11/vikram-starts-shooting-for-vijay-chanders-film-1569249.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=12 April 2017 }}</ref> The film's title, ''Sketch'', was revealed to the media in April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2017 |title=Sketch first look: Is Chiyaan Vikram playing the role of a local goon? See pics |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sketch-first-look-is-chiyaan-vikram-playing-the-role-of-a-local-goon-tamannaah-see-pics-4604076/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407162645/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sketch-first-look-is-chiyaan-vikram-playing-the-role-of-a-local-goon-tamannaah-see-pics-4604076/ |archive-date=7 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> The shoot of the film was completed in August 2017, after which the makers began the promotional campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikram wraps up 'Sketch', to simultaneously shoot 'DN' and 'Saamy 2' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-wraps-up-sketch-to-simultaneously-shoot-dn-and-saamy-2-news-tamil-riok45cjfabag.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814194741/http://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-wraps-up-sketch-to-simultaneously-shoot-dn-and-saamy-2-news-tamil-riok45cjfabag.html |archive-date=14 August 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sketch
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Thaman S]]
| released = 11 May 2015
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Film soundtrack]]
| language = Tamil
| length = 24:05
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Golmaal Again]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Gayatri (2018 film)|Gayatri]]
| next_year = 2018
}}
The soundtrack and background music of ''Sketch'' are scored by [[Thaman S]]. Five songs have been released from the film as singles, after being released by other composers.
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:05
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Kannave Kannave – The Swaga Song
| extra1 = [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]
| lyrics1 = [[Vijay Chandar]]
| length1 = 5:10
| title2 = Atchi Putchi
| extra2 = Vijay Chandar
| lyrics2 = Vijay Chandar
| length2 = 4:28
| title3 = Cheeni Chillaallee
| extra3 = [[Shweta Mohan]], [[Yazin Nizar]]
| lyrics3 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| length3 = 4:41
| title4 = Vaanam Thoorammalae (Afreen Afreen)
| extra4 = Deepak Subramaniam, Roshini and [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
| lyrics4 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| length4 = 6:04
| title5 = Dhaadikaara
| extra5 = [[Thaman S]], [[Sudha Ragunathan]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| lyrics5 = Vivek
| length5 = 5:06
| title6 = Dhiname Dhinanme
| extra6 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], Mukesh, [[Aalap Raju]], [[Shabareesh Varma]]
| lyrics6 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| length6 = 5:22
|all_writing=}}

== Release ==
''Sketch'' was released on 12 January 2018, during the week of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] and clashing with two other major releases, ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]'' and ''[[Gulaebaghavali]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2018 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's Saamy Square eyes Ramzan weekend release on 14 June |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiyaan-vikrams-saamy-square-eyes-ramzan-weekend-release-on-14-june-4291331.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174835/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiyaan-vikrams-saamy-square-eyes-ramzan-weekend-release-on-14-june-4291331.html |archive-date=10 January 2018 |access-date=10 January 2018|website=[[Firstpost]]|last=MK|first=Surendhar}}</ref>

== Reception ==

Thinkal Menon of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars, stating, "A template masala film, ''Sketch'' solely relies on [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] and works in parts." According to him, the film features Vikram in a compelling role, supported by a solid cast. However, it suffers from uneven pacing and underdeveloped romantic elements, despite its engaging fight sequences, songs, and meaningful message.<ref name="toi">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=12 January 2018 |title=Sketch Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Sketch by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sketch/movie-review/62470965.cms |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Rakesh Mehar of ''[[The News Minute]]'' states, "Vikram is absolutely comfortable oozing 'local' machismo, while Tamannaah{{'s}} character appears to have been inserted for visual effect." In his view, the film starts as a conventional Kollywood masala entertainer, buoyed by Vikram's charismatic performance, but ultimately disappoints with a frustrating twist and a lack of originality, making it a mediocre choice for all but the most dedicated fans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehar |first=Rakesh |date=12 January 2018 |title='Sketch' review: Minus its bizarre ending, this action flick works for Vikram fans |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/sketch-review-minus-its-bizarre-ending-action-flick-works-vikram-fans-74626 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807174146/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/sketch-review-minus-its-bizarre-ending-action-flick-works-vikram-fans-74626 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 1.5/5 stars, commenting, "Just one question: why Vikram, why?" She noted that the film suffers from a mind-numbing screenplay filled with cliched tropes and an outdated portrayal of romance, leaving even Vikram's commendable performance overshadowed by the film's chaotic execution and infuriating treatment of female characters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=12 January 2018 |title=Sketch movie review: Just one question, why Vikram why? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sketch-movie-review-vikram-tamannaah-star-rating-5020740/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231153444/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sketch-movie-review-vikram-tamannaah-star-rating-5020740/ |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Ananya Bhattacharya of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, remarking, "Vikram shines in this passable commercial entertainer." She noted that the film struggles with weak characterisation and an inconsistent screenplay, ultimately failing to deliver a compelling narrative despite some strong performances and a surprising climax.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=16 April 2019 |title=Sketch Movie Review: Vikram shines in this passable commercial entertainer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sketch-movie-review-tamannah-vikram-babu-raj-1143754-2018-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415112339/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sketch-movie-review-tamannah-vikram-babu-raj-1143754-2018-01-12 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref>

Karthik Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, commenting, "Even Vikram can’t save this archaic action entertainer." He opined that it is a style-over-substance film that relies heavily on Vikram's star power but ultimately falters due to its cliched plot and lack of engaging content, making it one of the low points in Vikram's career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=12 January 2018 |title=Sketch movie review: Even Vikram can't save this archaic action entertainer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/sketch-movie-review-even-vikram-can-t-save-this-archaic-action-entertainer/story-o9CEUjGJCqdE53vV798dJO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921231600/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/sketch-movie-review-even-vikram-can-t-save-this-archaic-action-entertainer/story-o9CEUjGJCqdE53vV798dJO.html |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[Film Companion]]'', "Vijay Chandar's Vikram-starrer is a been-there-done-that story of a good-hearted thug." He felt that the film features Vikram as a vehicle repo man entangled in a formulaic narrative that struggles with character development and originality, ultimately leaving audiences underwhelmed despite a few surprising twists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=16 January 2018 |title=Why is a good actor like Vikram in this generic a movie? |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/sketch-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807174300/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/sketch-movie-review |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]]|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2018 action films]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Jayant Patel

2026-03-29T05:21:20Z

Mvjceng: Started

{{short description|Indian-born former surgeon and fraudster (born 1950)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jayant Patel
| image = Jayant patel.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Jayant Mukundray Patel
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|4|10}}<ref name="san diego"/>
| birth_place = [[Jamnagar]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| citizenship = {{hlist|India|United States<ref name="Burton"/>}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|
* [[M. P. Shah Medical College]]
* [[University of Rochester Medical Center]]
}}
| occupation = Surgeon (former)
| years_active = 1980s–2005
| module = {{Infobox criminal
| embed = yes
| employer = [[Bundaberg Base Hospital]]
| criminal_charge = [[Fraud]] [[Manslaughter]] [[Grievous bodily harm]]
| conviction = 4 counts of [[fraud]]
| conviction_penalty = Fraud – 2 years imprisonment (2013) Manslaughter – acquitted (2013) Grievous bodily harm – acquitted (2013)
| conviction_status = Released (suspended sentence)
| states = [[Queensland]], Australia [[Oregon]], U.S. [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
}}
}}
'''Jayant Mukundray Patel''' (born April 10, 1950<ref name="san diego">{{Cite web |date=2009-04-20 |title=Important dates in surgeon's manslaughter case |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2009/04/20/important-dates-in-surgeons-manslaughter-case/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>) is an Indian-American former [[surgery|surgeon]] and convicted [[Fraud|fraudster]]. Patel was accused of gross negligence whilst working at [[Bundaberg Base Hospital]] in [[Queensland]], Australia. Deaths of some of his patients led to widespread publicity in 2005. In June 2010, he was convicted of three counts of [[manslaughter]] and one case of [[grievous bodily harm]], and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.<ref name="2010 QSC 233">{{cite AustLII|QSC|233|2010|litigants=R v Patel |date=July 1, 2010 |courtname=auto}}.</ref>

In August 2012, all convictions were quashed by the full bench of the [[High Court of Australia]] and a retrial was ordered due to "highly emotive and prejudicial evidence that was irrelevant to the case" laid before the jury.<ref name="2012 HCA 29">{{cite AustLII|HCA|29|2012|litigants=Patel v The Queen |parallelcite=(2012) 247 [[Commonwealth Law Reports|CLR]] 531 |date=August 24, 2012 |courtname=auto}}.</ref> A retrial for one of the manslaughter counts resulted in [[acquittal]] and led to a [[plea deal]] where Patel pleaded guilty to [[fraud]] and the remaining charges were dropped.<ref name="Francene Norton & Jason Rawlins" /> On May 15, 2015, he was barred from practising medicine in Australia.<ref name="abc" />

== Early life and education ==
Jayant Patel was born in [[Jamnagar]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref name= "Lifeandtimes">{{cite news|title=The life and times of rogue surgeon Jayant Patel|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/the-life-and-times-of-rogue-surgeon-jayant-patel/news-story/368e291c1164a13a6ff90bf925eae212|access-date=March 7, 2017|work=[[The Australian]]|date=June 30, 2010}}</ref> Initially, he studied surgery at the [[M. P. Shah Medical College]] at the [[Saurashtra University]], obtaining a [[master's degree]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Bell |first=Rachael |title=Australia's Dubious Dr. Jayant Patel |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/angels/dr_jayant_patel/2.html |publisher= | website= CrimeLibrary.com |access-date=April 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429185757/http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/angels/dr_jayant_patel/2.html |archive-date=April 29, 2014 }}</ref> He moved to the US, receiving further surgical training at the [[University of Rochester Medical Center|University of Rochester School of Medicine]] as a surgical intern and a resident in surgery.<ref name="Lifeandtimes" /> He later became a US citizen.<ref name= "Burton">{{Cite journal |last=Burton |first=Bob |date=2008-03-22 |title= FBI arrests doctor wanted in Australia |journal= [[The BMJ]] | edition= Clinical Research |volume=336 |issue=7645 |pages= 634.1–634 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39520.479329.DB |issn= 1756-1833 |pmc=2270965 |pmid= 18356222}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Buffalo, New York, US ===
In 1984 in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]], health officials cited Patel for failing to examine patients before surgery.<ref name="aotse">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/australian-officials-to-seek-criminal-charges-against-dr-e-coli-1.594627|title=Australian officials to seek criminal charges against 'Dr. E. Coli'|access-date=March 20, 2013|date=November 21, 2006|work=CBC News}}</ref> He was fined [[United States dollar|US$]]5,000 and was placed on three years' clinical probation.<ref name="Yahoo2005">{{cite news|title=A look at the career of Dr. Jayant Patel |url=http://asia.news.yahoo.com/050520/ap/d8a6pvn83.html |access-date=March 7, 2017 |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050620233637/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/050520/ap/d8a6pvn83.html |archive-date=June 20, 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2001, New York State health officials withdrew Patel's license.<ref name="Yahoo2005" />

=== Portland, Oregon, US ===
In 1989, Patel moved to the [[Kaiser Permanente]] Hospital in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]. In 1995, the hospital named him a "Distinguished Physician of the Year." By this time, Patel had been involved in a string of problem cases, eight of which had prompted or would later lead to [[medical malpractice|malpractice]] or [[wrongful death]] lawsuits.<ref>{{cite news|last=Goldsmith|first=Susan|title=Patel's disturbing record at Kaiser stayed hidden for years (First of two parts)|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2009/02/_australia_ready_to_charge.html#1|newspaper=The Oregonian|access-date=July 16, 2014}}</ref> Medical staff allege he performed surgery when not rostered to work, operated on other surgeons' patients, operated unnecessarily and caused serious injury and death. In 1998, Kaiser Permanente restricted Patel's practice; he was instructed not to operate on the [[liver]] or [[pancreas]] and to seek second opinions before performing other surgeries. In September 2000, after reviewing four cases involving the deaths of three patients, the Oregon Board of Medical Examiners made Patel's restriction statewide.<ref>{{cite web|title=JAYANT M. PATEL, MD Summary of Known Disciplinary Record |url=http://www.oregon.gov/OMB/PDFforms/Patel.pdf |publisher=Oregon Board of Medical Examiners |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816055325/http://www.oregon.gov/OMB/PDFforms/Patel.pdf |archive-date=August 16, 2010 }}</ref> Even though his medical license had been restricted, Patel still received glowing letters of recommendation from his colleagues at Kaiser Permanente.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bell |first=Rachael |title=Australia's Dubious Dr. Jayant Patel |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/angels/dr_jayant_patel/3.html |publisher=Crime Library |access-date=July 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429224948/http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/angels/dr_jayant_patel/3.html |archive-date=April 29, 2014 }}</ref>

=== Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia ===
In 2003, Patel moved to the position of Director of Surgery at the [[Bundaberg Base Hospital]], where he was employed by [[Queensland Health]] under an "area of need" program where overseas trained doctors are employed in predominantly regional understaffed areas. He was appointed despite having no specialist surgical qualifications.<ref name="ihcs">{{cite book|title=Improving Health Care Safety and Quality: Reluctant Regulators|last=Healy|first=Judith|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-7644-7|pages=34–35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIPURkuGhaMC|access-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>

== Practice in Bundaberg ==
Inadequacies in Patel's practice were identified. His surgery was described as "antiquated" and "sloppy". Nurses claimed they hid their patients from him when they knew he was in the hospital, doing rounds of the wards in search of people to operate upon.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Marks|first1=Kathy|title=Nurses hid their patients from 'Doctor Death'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/nurses-hid-their-patients-from-doctor-death-493080.html|access-date=March 7, 2017|work=[[The Independent]]|date=June 4, 2005}}</ref> He showed poor regard for hygiene.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chapman|first1=Greg|last2=Nancarrow|first2=Dan|title=Dirty Doctor Death|url=https://www.news-mail.com.au/news/apn-dirty-doctor/101071/|access-date=March 7, 2017|work=[[NewsMail]]|date=June 21, 2005}}</ref> He attracted the nickname "Dr. Death". It is alleged he altered medical records, including death certificates, to hide his inadequacies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qphci.qld.gov.au/transcripts.htm|title=Queensland Public Hospitals Commission of Inquiry|access-date=June 28, 2007}} ''Note: Temporarily Offline During Trial – March 21, 2010''</ref><ref name=ecoli>{{cite news|last1=Mancuso|first1=Roberta|title=Queensland's 'Dr Death' linked to 80 deaths|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Queenslands-Dr-Death-linked-to-80-deaths/2005/05/24/1116700709781.html|access-date=November 23, 2014|work=[[The Age]]|date=May 25, 2005}}</ref> Patel is linked to at least 87 deaths among the 1,202 patients he treated between 2003 and early 2005. Thirty patients died while under his care in Bundaberg.<ref name="ihcs" />

On March 22, 2005, [[Stuart Copeland]], the Queensland [[Shadow Minister]] for Health, raised the issue of Patel's clinical practice during [[question time]] in [[Parliament of Queensland|Queensland Parliament]] on behalf of [[Rob Messenger]], the [[National Party of Australia – Queensland|National Party]] MP for [[Electoral district of Burnett|Burnett]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tuesday, 22 March 2005|url=https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/2005/2005_03_22_WEEKLY.pdf|publisher=[[Queensland Parliament]]|access-date=March 7, 2017|pages=611–612}}</ref> Messenger had been alerted to Patel's inadequacies by [[Toni Hoffman]], a nurse at the Bundaberg Base Hospital. Two days later, Messenger delivered a speech in the [[Legislative Assembly of Queensland|Legislative Assembly]] and called for Patel's suspension. After the [[Brisbane]] ''[[The Courier-Mail|Courier-Mail]]'' published reports about Patel by journalist [[Hedley Thomas]], the newspaper and other media outlets were flooded with claims of patients' injury or death caused by Patel's operations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Hedley|title=Sick to Death|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2007|isbn=978-1-74114-881-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/sicktodeath00thom}}</ref>

On April 2, 2005, Patel departed Australia for Portland using a business-class airfare paid for by Queensland Health.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Millar|first1=Lisa|title=Queensland's 'Dr Death' inquiry widens|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2005/s1374766.htm|access-date=March 7, 2017|work=[[The World Today (Australian radio program)|The World Today]]|date=May 23, 2005}}</ref> His passport had not been withheld.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/General/The-scandal-of-Dr-Death/2005/05/27/1117129900672.html|title=The scandal of 'Dr Death'|last=Chandler|first=Jo|work=The Age|date=May 28, 2005|access-date=June 28, 2007|location=Melbourne}}</ref>

On November 22, 2006, a magistrate issued a warrant for Patel's arrest and extradition to Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thompson|first1=Tuck|last2=Viellaris|first2=Renee|title=US approves extradition of rogue doctor Jayant Patel|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/patel-will-return-on-tuesday/story-e6freoof-1111116954686|access-date=November 23, 2014|work=[[The Courier-Mail]]|date=July 19, 2008}}</ref> He was charged with three charges of manslaughter, five charges of causing grievous bodily harm, four of negligent acts causing harm and eight charges of fraud. He was extradited to Australia on July 21, 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Patel arrives at Brisbane watch-house|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-07-21/patel-arrives-at-brisbane-watch-house/446234|access-date=November 23, 2014|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=July 21, 2008}}</ref>

== Inquiries ==

=== Morris Inquiry ===
In response to public discontent over Patel's performance at Bundaberg Base Hospital, the [[Beattie Ministry|Beattie government]] convened the Bundaberg Hospital Commission of Inquiry. The Inquiry held similar judicial powers to a [[Royal Commission]]. It commenced hearings in Brisbane led by Anthony Morris, a [[Queen's Counsel]], on May 23, 2005.

On June 10, Morris released an interim report that was tabled on the same day in State Parliament by Premier [[Peter Beattie]]. The report recommended, among other things, that Patel be charged with [[murder]] or [[manslaughter]] in respect to one patient, with causing "a [[negligence|negligent]] act causing harm" to another patient, that he also be charged with [[fraud]] in relation to his registration at the Medical Board of Queensland to practise medicine and that [[extradition]] proceedings should begin. It also recommended changes to the ''Medical Practitioners Registration Act 2001''.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bundaberg Hospital Commission of Inquiry : interim report|url=https://www.casewatch.org/foreign/patel/interimreport.pdf| website= casewatch.org | publisher= | date= June 10, 2005|access-date=March 16, 2018|archive-date=May 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516171730/http://www.casewatch.org/foreign/patel/interimreport.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At Morris Inquiry hearings in Bundaberg starting on June 20, nurses, local Queensland Health administrators and former patients of Patel were all expected to give evidence. Public hearings in Bundaberg concluded on July 14. The Inquiry resumed public hearings in Brisbane on July 25 and also sat in [[Townsville]] from August 2 to 4.

During the course of the Morris Inquiry, two senior Queensland Health bureaucrats in the Bundaberg region, Darren Keating and Peter Leck, filed an application in the [[Supreme Court of Queensland]] calling for the inquiry to be shut down, alleging that Morris had shown apprehended bias against them. On September 1, Justice Martin Moynihan of the Supreme Court of Queensland ruled in favor of the applicants, finding that the Commission of Inquiry was contaminated with ostensible bias against Keating and Leck, and that evidence gathered from other witnesses was entangled with the evidence given by Keating and Leck.<ref>{{cite AustLII|QSC|243|2005| litigants=Keating v Morris |date= September 1, 2005 |courtname= auto}}</ref>

=== Davies Inquiry ===
{{More|Davies Commission}}
A new inquiry began on September 8, 2005, and was headed by former Supreme Court of Queensland judge Justice Geoffrey Davies QC. This inquiry, the ''[[Davies Commission|Queensland Public Hospitals Commission of Inquiry]]'', was widely known as the Davies Inquiry.

The report of the Davies Inquiry was handed down on November 30, 2005. It recommended that charges of manslaughter and other criminal offences be prosecuted against Patel.<ref name="ihcs" /> The report also apportioned much of the blame to two former Health Ministers, [[Gordon Nuttall]] and [[Wendy Edmond]], as well as senior Queensland Health bureaucrats for allowing the existence of an organisational culture of secrecy and ostracising of [[whistleblower]]s that allowed Patel's misdeeds to go unpunished for two years.<ref>{{cite web| title=Queensland Public Hospitals Commission of Inquiry|url= http://www.qphci.qld.gov.au/final_report/Final_Report.pdf| website= qphci.qld.gov.au |date=November 30, 2005 | accessdate = }}</ref>

Peter Woodruff, an independent surgeon, was asked by Justice Davies to examine Patel's work. Woodruff believes that Patel negligently caused 13 deaths and serious complications suffered by at least 31 other patients.<ref>{{cite web|title= Australia's Dr Death faces manslaughter charge|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/death/20060203.htm|work=rediff.com| date= | access-date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>

=== Forster Inquiry ===
The [[Forster Inquiry]], also known as the Queensland Health Systems Review, was commissioned by the Queensland Government on April 16, 2005, as a non-judicial inquiry specifically due to the political and public sentiments following the practices of Patel at Bundaberg Hospital with a broader focus on the practices, systems and processes of Queensland Health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/Id/40572 |title=2nd Inquiry Will Check Health Systems To Aim For Better Results | publisher= The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory |website= statements.qld.gov.au |date=April 26, 2005 |access-date=June 17, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401060021/http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/Id/40572 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its report was issued in September 2005.

=== Aftermath ===
The Beattie government's handling of the crisis was received poorly by locals. As a result, voters were expected to punish the [[Queensland Labor Party|Labor]] government. At the [[2006 Queensland state election|2006 state election]], the once [[safe seat|safe]] Labor seat of [[Electoral district of Bundaberg|Bundaberg]] was narrowly won on preferences by [[Queensland National Party|National]] candidate [[Jack Dempsey (politician)|Jack Dempsey]], defeating Labor candidate Sonja Cleary. The Nationals won the seat with a [[Two-party-preferred vote|two-party-preferred]] [[Swing (Australian politics)|swing]] of 6.3%, which was largely attributed to the scandal and related inquiries, as well as the retirement of incumbent Labor member [[Nita Cunningham]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-09-09 |title=Postal votes to decide Bundaberg MP |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2006-09-09/postal-votes-to-decide-bundaberg-mp/1259928| website = abc.net.au |publisher=ABC News |language=en-AU |access-date=2024-02-08}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==

=== Extradition ===
{{Wikinews|Jayant "Dr Death" Patel arrested in Oregon, US}}
Patel was arrested in Portland, Oregon, on March 11, 2008, by [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agents.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/11/patel.arrest.ap/index.html|title=Doctor arrested in deaths of 3 patients in Australia|access-date=March 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315033512/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/11/patel.arrest.ap/index.html|archive-date=March 15, 2008}}</ref> He appeared in court that day with a court-appointed attorney, telling Federal Magistrate Dennis Hubel that he was unable to afford a lawyer, after incurring significant pre-trial legal fees. In response, the Magistrate ordered Patel, who lived in a $900,000 house, to fill out a financial affidavit before an upcoming detention hearing. Following his arrest, [[Toni Hoffman]], the nurse who took her complaints about Patel to a member of the [[Parliament of Australia]], said that "I am relieved he's been arrested, but there's still a lot to go." Patel denied the allegations. The extradition proceeding against Patel began in April 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/120529410566270.xml&coll=7|title=Ex-surgeon's troubled career leads to jail cell|access-date=March 12, 2008|archive-date=March 15, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315045747/http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/120529410566270.xml&coll=7|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patel was denied bail by Judge Hebel on June 28, 2008, with the judge warning Australian and US authorities that they must extradite Patel by July 21, 2008, or he would release Patel on bail.

Patel was extradited: [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshals]] handed Patel over to two officers from the [[Queensland Police Service]] at [[Los Angeles International Airport]] on July 19, who then escorted him onboard [[Qantas]] flight QF 176.<ref>{{cite news|first=Tim|last=Dick|title=Accused doctor returns for his day in court|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/patel-returns-for-his-day-in-court/2008/07/20/1216492255414.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=July 21, 2008|access-date=July 21, 2008}}</ref> The flight arrived at [[Brisbane Airport]] on the morning of July 21.<ref>{{cite news|author=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|title=Patel arrives at Brisbane watch-house|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/21/2309149.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721063809/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/21/2309149.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 21, 2008|date=July 21, 2008|access-date=July 22, 2008}}</ref> Patel was taken immediately to the Brisbane watch-house and was granted bail by the Roma Street Magistrates Court the same day.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jasmin|last=Lill|author2=Matthew Fynes-Clinton|title=Jayant Patel bailed as emotions on a high at court hearing|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24056924-952,00.html|work=The Courier-Mail|date=July 22, 2008|access-date=July 22, 2008}}</ref>

=== Trial ===
{{Main|John Byrne (judge)#The Queen v Patel}}

Patel was tried in the Queensland Supreme Court for the [[manslaughter|unlawful killing]] of three patients and [[grievous bodily harm]] to a fourth.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,26579695-5003402,00.html|work=The Courier-Mail|title=Supreme Court told Jayant Patel trial should take less than projected 12 weeks|first=Mark|last=Oberhardt|date=January 12, 2010}}</ref> He pleaded not guilty to all charges.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/surgeon-patel-to-face-trial-on-monday-20100319-qjia.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|title=Surgeon Patel to face trial on Monday|date=March 19, 2010}}</ref>

On June 29, 2010, Jayant Patel was found guilty of all four charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Patel guilty on all charges|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/29/2940352.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702052032/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/29/2940352.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 2, 2010|access-date=June 29, 2010|newspaper=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=June 29, 2010}}</ref> On July 1, he was sentenced to seven years in jail for his offences.<ref name="tivs">{{Cite news|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/totally-inadequate-verdict-split-on-patel-sentence-20100701-zph9.html?rand=1277963935139|title='Totally inadequate': verdict split on Patel sentence|author=Amelia Bentley|access-date=January 22, 2012|date=July 1, 2010|work=Brisbane Times|publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref> Patel appealed his conviction and sentence to the Court of Appeal and the [[prosecutor|prosecution]] also appealed sentence. Both appeals were dismissed.

==== Appeal to High Court ====
Patel then appealed the Court of Appeal's decision to the [[High Court of Australia]] and was granted special leave to appeal. On August 24, 2012, the High Court unanimously allowed the appeal and quashed Patel's convictions on the ground that prejudicial evidence had likely influenced the jury. Patel argued that by the time prosecutors admitted, 43 days into the trial, that they could not prove Patel was guilty of incompetence, the jury had already heard testimony and evidence about his unusual behavior.<ref name="2012 HCA 29" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/patel/story-e6frg6n6-1226457333848|title=Jayant Patel walks free after High Court quashes manslaughter convictions|author=Jared Owens|date=August 24, 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> The High Court granted Patel a [[new trial]].

==== Retrial ====
The following year, a retrial was held for one of the manslaughter charges, and Patel was acquitted by the jury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/jayant-patel-not-guilty-over-patient-death-but-more-charges-loom/story-e6freoof-1226596784793|title=Jayant Patel not guilty over patient death but more charges loom|author1=Brooke Baskin |author2=Tony Keim |author3=Josh Robertson |access-date=November 30, 2013|date=March 14, 2013|newspaper=[[The Courier Mail]]}}</ref> This resulted in calls to have the remaining charges against Patel dropped.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/call-to-drop-remaining-charges-as-patel-acquitted-of-manslaughter/story-e6frg6nf-1226596742260|title=Jayant Call to drop remaining charges as Patel acquitted of manslaughter|author1=Sarah Elks |author2=Roseanne Barrett |name-list-style=amp |date=March 14, 2013|newspaper=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> The remaining manslaughter and grievous bodily harm charges were later dropped in exchange for Patel pleading guilty to two counts related to him dishonestly gaining registration and two counts related to dishonestly gaining employment in Queensland.<ref name="Francene Norton & Jason Rawlins">{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-21/jayant-patel-sentenced-over-fraud-charges/5107314|title=Former Bundaberg-based doctor Jayant Patel sentenced over fraud charges|author1=Francene Norton |author2=Jason Rawlins |name-list-style=amp |date=November 22, 2013|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Patel was sentenced to a two-year suspended sentence for those fraud charges.<ref name="Francene Norton & Jason Rawlins" />

== Aftermath ==
In a television documentary on the case aired by [[CNN]] in November 2010 as part of its "World's Untold Stories" series and entitled "They Called Him 'Dr. Death'", several of Patel's medical co-workers in Australia testified to having repeatedly blown a whistle on him, only to be ignored by medical superiors and other authorities. Questions were also raised about the lack of due diligence by those involved in his appointment.<ref>{{cite news|title=They Called Him 'Dr Death'|date=November 2, 2010|work=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2010/11/02/wus.dr.death.bk.a.cnn|access-date=November 18, 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Making of a Bad Surgeon|date=November 2, 2010|work=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2010/11/02/wus.dr.death.bk.b.cnn|access-date=November 18, 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="part3" />

In response to the case, Peter Beattie fired the Director General, [[Robert Stable]] and changes were made to funding, the operations of the medical board, and the procedures for handling concerns raised by whistle blowers.<ref name="part3">{{cite news|title='Dr Death' Found Guilty|date=November 2, 2010|work=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2010/11/02/wus.dr.death.bk.c.cnn|access-date=November 18, 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

On May 15, 2015, the [[Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal]] banned Patel from ever practising medicine in Australia again. The tribunal upheld the [[Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency]]'s contentions that Patel deceived authorities into granting him a medical licence, concealed matters related to his fitness to be a doctor, and performed surgeries that he knew he could not competently perform.<ref>''Medical Board of Australia v Patel'' [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/qld/QCAT/2015/133.html <nowiki>[2015]</nowiki> QCAT 133], [[Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal]].</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=John|title=Bundaberg surgeon Jayant Patel barred from ever practising medicine again in Australia|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-15/jayant-patel-barred-from-practising-medicine-again-in-australia/6472234|access-date=May 15, 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=May 15, 2015}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==

Journalist [[Hedley Thomas]] (in collaboration with [[The Australian]]) released a [[true crime]] podcast about Patel called ''Sick to death'' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://podcasts.apple.com/nz/podcast/introducing-sick-to-death/id1851107982 | title = Sick to death | date = 2025-11-06}}</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Christopher Duntsch]]
* [[Harold Shipman]]
* [[Ben Geen]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=42516 'Six-Point Action Plan' to deal with biased evidence gathered by Morris Inquiry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824080019/http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=42516 |date=August 24, 2006 }}
*[http://www.oregonlive.com/oregonian/malpractice/ Portland ''Oregonian'' coverage (includes copies of documents)]
*[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4080164.stm Australia's 'Doctor Death']
*[http://www.qphci.qld.gov.au/ Davies Inquiry website] – includes terms of reference and transcripts of public sittings (temporary disabled due to current legal proceedings)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050421083213/http://www.kaiserpapers.info/kpdrdeathmansion.html The Kaiser Papers]
*[http://www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=42771 Queensland Government press release announcing Davies Inquiry]
*[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A//web.archive.org/web/20060207044719/http%3A//www.qld.gov.au/announcements/letter.pdf Open letter from Peter Beattie]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Jayant}}
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:University of Rochester alumni]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Australia]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Oregon]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical malpractice]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:People extradited from the United States]]
[[Category:American people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned in the United States]]
[[Category:People extradited to Australia]]
[[Category:Foreign nationals imprisoned in Australia]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Queensland]]
[[Category:American people convicted of manslaughter]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of manslaughter]]
[[Category:American health professionals of Indian descent]]
[[Category:People from Jamnagar]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:American people convicted of fraud]]
[[Category:People acquitted of manslaughter]]
[[Category:20th-century American surgeons]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:American people of Gujarati descent]]

Indology

2026-03-26T09:05:39Z

Mvjceng: corrected formatting per standard format

{{Short description|Study of the history and culture of South Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
'''Indology''' is the academic study of [[History of India|Indian history]] and [[Culture of India|culture]]. In modern times Indology has been largely replaced by the term "South Asian studies", which in addition to India, focuses on the region as a whole, and as such is a subset of [[Asian studies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/indology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830095220/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/indology|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 August 2019|title=Indology | Definition of Indology by Lexico|website=Lexico Dictionaries | English}}</ref>

The term ''Indology'' ({{langx|de|Indologie}}) is often associated with German scholarship, and is more commonly used in German and continental European universities than in universities in the anglosphere. In the [[Netherlands]], the term ''Indologie'' was used to refer to the study of Indian history and culture in preparation for colonial service in the [[Dutch East Indies]].

Some scholars have attempted to distinguish ''Classical Indology'' from ''Modern Indology,'' with classical Indology being mainly focused on the study of [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]], [[Pali literature|Pāli]] and [[Tamil literature]], as well as the study of [[Dharmic religions]] such as [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Sikhism]], and modern Indology with its focus on contemporary [[India]].

Some of the regional specializations under South Asian studies include:
* [[Bengali studies]] – study of culture and languages of [[History of Bengal|Bengal]]
* [[Dravidology]] – study of [[Dravidian languages]] of [[Southern India]]
** [[Tamil studies]]
* [[Pakistan studies]]
* [[Sindhology]] – the study of the [[history of Sindh|historical Sindh region]]

== History ==

=== Precursors ===

The beginnings of the study of India by travellers from outside the subcontinent date back at least to [[Megasthenes]] ({{circa|350}}–290 BC), a [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] ambassador of the [[Seleucids]] to the court of [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] (ruled 322-298 BC), founder of the [[Mauryan Empire]].<ref name="Bosworth"/> Based on his life in India Megasthenes composed a four-volume ''Indica'', fragments of which still exist, and which influenced the classical geographers [[Arrian]], [[Diodor]] and [[Strabo]].<ref name="Bosworth">{{cite journal | last1 = Bosworth | first1 = A. B. | date = April 1996 | title = The Historical Setting of Megasthenes' Indica |journal = [[Classical Philology (journal)|Classical Philology]] |publisher = The University of Chicago Press | volume = 91 | issue = 2| pages = 113–127 | doi=10.1086/367502 |jstor=270500| s2cid = 162475029 }}</ref>

[[Islamic Golden Age]] scholar [[Al-Biruni|Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Biruni]] (973–1048) in Tarikh Al-Hind (''Researches on India'') recorded the [[history of India|political]] and [[military history of India]] and covered India's [[Culture of India|cultural]], [[Science and technology in ancient India|scientific]], social and [[Indian Religions|religious]] history in detail.<ref name=Khan>{{cite journal | last1 = Khan | first1 = M. S. | year = 1976 | title = al-Biruni and the Political History of India | journal = Oriens | publisher = Brill | volume = 25/26 | pages = 86–115 | doi=10.2307/1580658 |jstor=1580658}}</ref>
He studied the [[anthropology]] of India, engaging in extensive [[participant observation]] with various Indian groups, learning their languages and studying their primary texts, and presenting his findings with [[objectivity (philosophy)|objectivity]] and [[Neutrality (philosophy)|neutrality]] using [[Cross-cultural studies|cross-cultural comparisons]].<ref name=Ahmed>{{cite journal | last1 = Ahmed | first1 = Akbar S. | date = February 1984 | title = Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist | journal = RAIN | publisher = Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume = 60 | issue = 60| pages = 9–10 | doi=10.2307/3033407 |jstor=3033407}}</ref>

=== Academic discipline ===

Indology as generally understood by its practitioners<ref>{{Cite book|title=Einführung in die Indologie: Stand, Methoden, Aufgaben|last1=Bechert|first1=Heinz|author1-link=Heinz Bechert|last2=Simson|first2=Georg von|last3=Bachmann|first3=Peter|date=1993|publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft|isbn=3534054660|location=Darmstadt|language=de|oclc = 33429713}}</ref> began in the later [[Early modern period|Early Modern period]] and incorporates essential features of [[modernity]], including critical self-reflexivity, disembedding mechanisms and globalization, and the reflexive appropriation of knowledge.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The consequences of modernity|last=Giddens|first=Anthony|date=1991|publisher=Polity Press|location=Cambridge, U.K.|language=en|oclc = 874200328}}</ref> An important feature of Indology since its beginnings in the late eighteenth century has been the development of networks of academic communication and trust<ref>{{Cite book|title=Personal knowledge: towards a post-critical philosophy|last1=Polanyi|first1=Michael|last2=Nye|first2=Mary Jo|date=2015|publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226232621|language=en|oclc = 880960082}}</ref> through the creation of learned societies like the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and the creation of learned journals like the ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'' and ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute''.

One of the defining features of Indology is the application of scholarly methodologies developed in European [[Classics|Classical Studies]] or "Classics" to the languages, literatures and cultures of South Asia.

In the wake of eighteenth century pioneers like [[William Jones (philologist)|William Jones]], [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]], [[Gerasim Lebedev]] or [[August Wilhelm Schlegel]], Indology as an academic subject emerged in the nineteenth century, in the context of [[British India]], together with [[Asian studies]] in general affected by the romantic [[Orientalism]] of the time. [[The Asiatic Society]] was founded in Calcutta in 1784, [[Société Asiatique]] founded in 1822, the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] in 1824, the [[American Oriental Society]] in 1842, and the German Oriental Society ([[Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft]]) in 1845, the Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.jaibs.jp/English/english.html |title=The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915194020/http://www.jaibs.jp/English/english.html |archive-date=15 September 2009 |website=Jaibs.jp |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> in 1949.

Sanskrit literature included many pre-modern dictionaries, especially the ''[[Amarakosha|Nāmaliṅgānuśāsana]]'' of [[Amarasimha|Amarasiṃha]], but a milestone in the Indological study of [[Sanskrit literature]] was publication of the St. Petersburg ''Sanskrit-Wörterbuch'' during the 1850s to 1870s. Translations of major Hindu texts in the [[Sacred Books of the East]] began in 1879. [[Otto von Böhtlingk]]'s edition of [[Pāṇini|Pāṇini's]] grammar appeared in 1887. [[Max Müller]]'s edition of the [[Rigveda]] appeared in 1849–1875. [[Albrecht Weber]] commenced publishing his pathbreaking journal ''Indologische Studien'' in 1849, and in 1897 [[Sergey Oldenburg]] launched a systematic edition of key Sanskrit texts, "Bibliotheca Buddhica".

==Professional literature and associations==
{{further|Indomania}}
Indologists typically attend conferences such as the American Association of Asian Studies, the American Oriental Society annual conference, the [[World Sanskrit Conference]], and national-level meetings in the UK, Germany, India, Japan, France and elsewhere.

They may routinely read and write in journals such as ''[[Indo-Iranian Journal]]'',<ref>[https://archive.today/20120911011452/http://www.springer.com/uk/home?SGWID=3-102-70-35758435-detailsPage=journal description&changeHeader=true&SHORTCUT=www.springer.com/journal/10783/about International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine]. Springer. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'',<ref>[http://www.royalasiaticsociety.org/journal.html R A S – Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022194622/http://www.royalasiaticsociety.org/journal.html |date=22 October 2007 }}. Royalasiaticsociety.org. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> ''[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]'',<ref>[http://www.umich.edu/~aos/frntmtr.htm JAOS Front Matter] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207232151/http://www.umich.edu/~aos/frntmtr.htm |date=7 February 2007 }}. Umich.edu. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> ''[[Journal asiatique]]'',<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=journal.php&code=JA Journal Asiatique]. Poj.peeters-leuven.be. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> the ''[[Journal of the German Oriental Society]]'' (ZDMG),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmg-web.de/?page=6 |title=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) |website=Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG)}}</ref> ''[[Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens]]'',<ref>[http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0084-0084 Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens (WZKS) Vienna Journal for Indian Studies]. Epub.oeaw.ac.at. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> ''[[Journal of Indian Philosophy]]'',<ref>[https://www.springer.com/uk/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=3-40109-70-35501059-0 Journal of Indian Philosophy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025011729/http://www.springer.com/uk/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=3-40109-70-35501059-0 |date=25 October 2007 }}. Springer.com. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> ''[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]]'', ''[[Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies]]'' (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu), ''[[Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême Orient]]'',<ref>[http://www.maisonneuve-adrien.com/collections/coll_bulletin_efeo.htm Bulletin de l'EFEO]. Maisonneuve-adrien.com. Retrieved on 20 November 2011.</ref> and others.

They may be members of such professional bodies as the American Oriental Society, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Société Asiatique, the Deutsche Morgenlāndische Gesellschaft and others.

==List of indologists==
The following is a list of prominent academically qualified Indologists.

===Historical scholars===
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Megasthenes]] (350–290 BC)
* [[Faxian]] (337-422)
* [[Xuanzang]] (602-664)
* [[Al-Biruni]] (973–1050)
* [[Gaston-Laurent Cœurdoux]] (1691–1779)
* [[Anquetil Duperron]] (1731–1805)
* [[William Jones (philologist)|William Jones]] (1746–1794)
* [[Charles Wilkins]] (1749–1836)
* [[Colin Mackenzie]] (1753–1821)
* [[Dimitrios Galanos]] (1760–1833)
* [[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]] (1765–1837)
* [[Jean-Antoine Dubois]] (1765–1848)
* [[August Wilhelm Schlegel]] (1767–1845)
* [[James Mill]] (1773–1836)
* [[Horace Hayman Wilson]] (1786–1860)
* [[Franz Bopp]] (1791–1867)
* [[Duncan Forbes (linguist)]] (1798–1868)
* [[James Prinsep]] (1799–1840)
* [[Hermann Grassmann]] (1809–1877)
* [[John Muir (indologist)]] (1810–1882)
* [[Edward Balfour]] (1813–1889)
* [[Robert Caldwell]] (1814–1891)
* [[Alexander Cunningham]] (1814–1893)
* [[Hermann Gundert]] (1814–1893)
* [[Otto von Bohtlingk]] (1815–1904)
* [[Monier Monier-Williams]] (1819–1899)
* [[Henry Yule]] (1820–1889)
* [[Rudolf Roth]] (1821–1893)
* [[Theodor Aufrecht]] (1822–1907)
* [[Max Müller]] (1823–1900)
* [[Albrecht Weber]] (1825–1901)
* [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]] (1826–1906)
* [[William Dwight Whitney]] (1827–1894)
* [[Ferdinand Kittel]] (1832–1903)
* [[Edwin Arnold]] (1832–1904)
* [[Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern]] (1833–1917)
* [[Gustav Solomon Oppert]] (1836–1908)
* [[Georg Bühler]] (1837–1898)
* [[Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya]] (1861–1938)
* [[Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar]] (1837–1925)
* [[Arthur Coke Burnell]] (1840–1882)
* [[Julius Eggeling]] (1842–1918)
* [[Paul Deussen]] (1845–1919)
* [[Vincent Arthur Smith]] (1848–1920)
* [[James Darmesteter]] (1849–1894)
* [[Hermann Jacobi]] (1850–1937)
* [[Kashinath Trimbak Telang]] (1850–1893)
* [[Alois Anton Führer]] (1853–1930)
* [[Jacob Wackernagel]] (1853–1938)
* [[Arthur Anthony Macdonell]] (1854–1930)
* [[Hermann Oldenberg]] (1854–1920)
* [[Maurice Bloomfield]] (1855–1928)
* [[E. Hultzsch]] (1857–1927)
* [[Mark Aurel Stein]] (1862–1943)
* [[P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar]](1863–1931)
* [[Moriz Winternitz]] (1863–1937)
* [[Fyodor Shcherbatskoy]] (1866–1942)
* [[F.W. Thomas]] (1867–1956)
* [[Jadunath Sarkar]] (1870–1958)
* [[S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar]] (1871–1947)
* [[Percy Brown (scholar)|Percy Brown]] (1872–1955)
* [[John Hubert Marshall]] (1876–1958)
* [[Arthur W. Ryder]] (1877-1938)
* [[Arthur Berriedale Keith]] (1879–1944)

* [[Pandurang Vaman Kane]] (1880–1972)
* [[Pierre Johanns]] (1882–1955)
* [[Andrzej Gawroński (linguist)|Andrzej Gawronski]] (1885–1927)
* [[Willibald Kirfel]] (1885–1964)
* [[Johannes Nobel]] (1887–1960)
* [[Betty Heimann]] (1888–1961)
* [[Alice Boner]] (1889–1981)
* [[Heinrich Zimmer]] (1890–1943)
* [[Ervin Baktay]] (1890–1963)
* [[Mortimer Wheeler]] (1890–1976)
* [[B. R. Ambedkar]] (1891–1956)
* [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] (1892–1975)
* [[Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan]] (1893–1963)
* [[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi]] (1893–1985)
* [[V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar]] (1896–1953)
* [[Dasharatha Sharma]] (1903–1976)
* [[S. Srikanta Sastri]] (1904–1974)
* [[Joseph Campbell]] (1904–1987)
* [[Murray Barnson Emeneau]] (1904–2005)
* [[Jan Gonda]] (1905–1991)
* [[Paul Thieme]] (1905–2001)
* [[Jean Filliozat]] (1906–1982)
* [[Alain Danielou]] (1907–1994)
* [[F B J Kuiper]] (1907–2003)
* [[Thomas Burrow]] (1909–1986)
* [[Jagdish Chandra Jain]] (1909–1993)
* [[Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar]] (1909–2001)
* [[Arthur Llewellyn Basham]] (1914–1986)
* [[Richard De Smet]] (1916–1997)
* [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]] (1920–2009)
* [[Frank-Richard Hamm]] (1920–1973)
* [[Madeleine Biardeau]] (1922–2010)
* [[V. S. Pathak]] (1926–2003)
* [[Kamil Zvelebil]] (1927–2009)
* [[J. A. B. van Buitenen]] (1928–1979)
* [[Tatyana Elizarenkova]] (1929–2007)
* [[Bettina Baumer]] (1940–)
* [[Anncharlott Eschmann]] (1941–1977)
* [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (1965–present)
* [[Arvind Sharma]] (1940–present)
* [[Harilal Dhruv]] (1856–1896)
* [[Ram Swarup]] (1920–1998)
* [[Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev]] (1911–1992)
* [[Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Sr.]] (1916–1999), Wales Professor of Sanskrit, [[Harvard University]]
* [[Sita Ram Goel]] (1921–2003)
* [[Natalya Romanovna Guseva]] (1914–2010)
* [[Ram Sharan Sharma]] (1919–2011), Founding Chairperson of [[Indian Council of Historical Research]]; [[Professor Emeritus]], [[Patna University]]
* [[Bhadriraju Krishnamurti]] (1928–2012), [[Osmania University]]
* [[Fida Hassnain]] (1924–2016) [[Sri Pratap College, Srinagar]]
* [[Heinrich von Stietencron]] (1933–2018), [[University of Tübingen]], Germany
* [[Iravatham Mahadevan]] (1930–2018)- [[Indian Council of Historical Research]]
* [[Stanley Wolpert]] (1927–2019)- [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (emeritus)
* [[Karel Werner]] (1925–2019)
* [[Dietmar Rothermund]] (1933–2020), Professor of the history of South Asia at the [[Heidelberg University|Ruprecht-Karls University]] in [[Heidelberg]]
* [[Bannanje Govindacharya]] (1936–2020), scholar in Tatva-vada school of philosophy and Vedic tradition
* [[Stanley Insler]] (1937–2019), Edward E. Salisbury Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Yale University
* [[Gérard Fussman]] (1940–2022) [[Collège de France]]

{{div col end}}

===Contemporary scholars with university posts===
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Romila Thapar]] (1931–present), Professor of Ancient History, emerita, at the Jawaharlal Nehru University
* [[Hermann Kulke]] (1938–present), Professor of South and Southeast Asian history at the Department of History, [[Kiel University]]
* [[Asko Parpola]] (1941–present), professor emeritus of Indology and South Asian Studies at the [[University of Helsinki]]
* [[Patrick Olivelle]] (1942–present) Professor Emeritus of Asian Studies at the [[University of Texas at Austin]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patrick Olivelle|url=https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Patrick-Olivelle/5695|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
* [[Michael Witzel]] (1943–present)- [[Wales Professor of Sanskrit]] at [[Harvard University]]
* [[Ronald Inden]]- Professor Emeritus of History, South Asian Languages and Civilizations at the [[University of Chicago]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ronald Inden|url=https://history.uchicago.edu/directory/ronald-inden|website=Department of History: University of Chicago}}</ref>
* [[George L. Hart]] (1945–present)- Professor Emeritus of Tamil at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karnam|first=Mayukha|date=2016|title=Redefining the Classics at Harvard|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/1/28/karnam-sanskrit-classical-language/|website=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref>
* [[Stephanie Jamison]] (1948–present), Distinguished Professor of Asian Languages and Cultures and of Indo-European Studies at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Stephanie Jamison FBA|url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/fellows/stephanie-jamison-FBA/|website=British Academy}}</ref>
* [[Alexis Sanderson]] (1948–present) Emeritus Fellow and former Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at [[All Souls College, Oxford]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Professor Alexis Sanderson|url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/person/professor-alexis-sanderson|website=All Souls College, University of Oxford}}</ref>
* [[Michael D. Willis]] ([[The British Museum]])
* [[Wendy Doniger]] (1940–present) [[University of Chicago Divinity School]], as Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions
* [[Thomas Trautmann]] (1940–present), former Head of the Center for South Asian Studies, University of Michigan
* [[Kapil Kapoor]] (1940–present), scholar of English Literature, Linguistics, Paninan Grammar, Sanskrit Arts and Aesthetics, Director of [[Indian Institute of Advanced Studies]], Shimla
* [[Shrivatsa Goswami]] (1950–present), Indian scholar of Hindu philosophy and art at ([[Banaras Hindu University]]), as well as [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaishnava]] religious leader.<ref name="Hawley406">{{cite book |editor-surname1=Hawley |editor-given1=John Stratton |editor-surname2=Wulff |editor-given2=Donna Marie |title=The Divine Consort: Rādhā and the Goddesses of India |series=Berkeley religious studies series, 3 |url={{Google books|j3R1z0sE340C|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1982 |place=Berkeley, Ca |publisher=Graduate Theological Union |isbn=0-89581-102-2 |page=406}}</ref>
* [[Edwin Bryant (author)|Edwin Bryant]] (1957–present) [[Rutgers University]], [[New Jersey]]
{{div col end}}

===Other indologists===
* [[Michel Danino]], French-Indian author and [[Historical negationism|historical negationist]]<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|last=Pande Daniel|first=Vaihayasi|title=The Sarasvati was more sacred than Ganga|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/may/22/interview-with-michel-danino.htm|access-date=8 August 2011|work=[[Rediff.com]]|quote=Technically, I am not a 'foreigner': I adopted Indian citizenship some years ago.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guha|first=Sudeshna|date=2005|title=Negotiating Evidence: History, Archaeology and the Indus Civilisation|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=39|issue=2|pages=399–426|doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001611|issn=0026-749X|jstor=3876625|s2cid=145463239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chadha|first=Ashish|date=2011-02-01|title=Conjuring a river, imagining civilisation: Saraswati, archaeology and science in India|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|language=en|volume=45|issue=1|pages=55–83|doi=10.1177/006996671004500103|s2cid=144701033|issn=0069-9667}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bhatt|first=Chetan|date=2000-01-01|title=Dharmo rakshati rakshitah : Hindutva movements in the UK|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=23|issue=3|pages=559–593|doi=10.1080/014198700328999|s2cid=144085595|issn=0141-9870}}</ref>
* [[Georg Feuerstein]]
* [[Hans T. Bakker]]

==Indology organisations==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan, Banaras Hindu University]]
* [[Adyar Library]] and Research Centre, Chennai
* [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], Pune
* [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore]]
* [[Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library]], Thiruvananthapuram
* [[Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Institute of Indology]] along with [[Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum]] which is adjacent to the institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
* [[American Institute of Indian Studies]]
* [[French Institute of Pondicherry]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060613192609/http://ochs.org.uk/ The Oxford Centre For Hindu Studies]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Buddhist studies]]
* [[Hindu studies]]
* [[Greater India]]
* [[Indomania]]
* [[Indianisation]]
* [[Indosphere]]
* [[Indo-Aryan languages]]
* [[Sanskrit studies]]
* [[Sikh Studies]]
* [[Roja Muthiah Research Library]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*Balagangadhara, S. N. (1994). "The Heathen in his Blindness..." Asia, the West, and the Dynamic of Religion. Leiden, New York: E. J. Brill.
* Balagangadhara, S. N. (2012). Reconceptualizing India studies. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
* Vishwa Adluri, Joydeep Bagchee: ''The Nay Science: A History of German Indology''. Oxford University Press, New York 2014, {{ISBN|978-0199931361}} ([https://www.academia.edu/9924667/Introduction_to_The_Nay_Science ''Introduction,''] p. 1–29).
* Joydeep Bagchee, Vishwa Adluri: "[https://www.academia.edu/9270352/The_passion_of_Paul_Hacker_Indology_orientalism_and_evangelism The passion of Paul Hacker: Indology, orientalism, and evangelism]." In: Joanne Miyang Cho, Eric Kurlander, Douglas T McGetchin (Eds.), ''Transcultural Encounters Between Germany and India: Kindred Spirits in the Nineteenth Century''. Routledge, New York 2013, p. 215–229.
* Joydeep Bagchee: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150225173207/http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399318/obo-9780195399318-0147.xml?rskey=d2LHGG&result=25 German Indology]." In: Alf Hiltebeitel (Ed.), ''Oxford Bibliographies Online: Hinduism''. Oxford University Press, New York 2014.
*Chakrabarti, Dilip K.: Colonial Indology, 1997, Munshiram Manoharlal: New Delhi.
* Jean Filliozat and Louis Renou – ''L'inde classique'' – ISBN B0000DLB66.
* Halbfass, W. India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding. SUNY Press, Albany: 1988
* Inden, R. B. (2010). Imagining India. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press.
* Vishwa Adluri, Joydeep Bagchee: The Nay Science: A History of German Indology. Oxford University Press, New York 2014, {{ISBN|978-0199931361}}
* [[Gauri Viswanathan]], 1989, Masks of Conquest
* Rajiv Malhotra (2016), ''[[The Battle for Sanskrit|Battle for Sanskrit: Dead or Alive, Oppressive or Liberating, Political or Sacred?]]'' (Publisher: HarperCollins India; {{ISBN|978-9351775386}})
* Rajiv Malhotra (2016), [[Academic Hinduphobia|Academic Hinduphobia: ''A Critique of Wendy Doniger's Erotic School of Indology'']] (Publisher: Voice of India; {{ISBN|978-9385485015}})
* Antonio de Nicolas, Krishnan Ramaswamy, and Aditi Banerjee (eds.) (2007), ''[[Invading the Sacred|Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America]]'' (Publisher: Rupa & Co.)
* Shourie, Arun. 2014. Eminent historians: their technology, their line, their fraud. HarperCollins. {{ISBN|9789351365921}}
* [[Thomas Trautmann|Trautmann, Thomas]]. 1997. Aryans and British India, University of California Press, Berkeley.
* Windisch, Ernst. Geschichte der Sanskrit-Philologie und Indischen Altertumskunde. 2 vols. Strasbourg. Trübner, K.J., 1917–1920
* Zachariae, Theodor. Opera minora zur indischen Wortforschung, zur Geschichte der indischen Literatur und Kultur, zur Geschichte der Sanskritphilologie. Ed. Claus Vogel. Wiesbaden 1977, {{ISBN|3-515-02216-3}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category|Indology}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130628182209/http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/en/default_en.asp Omilos Meleton]
* [http://indology.info/ www.indology.info] – since 1995, with associated discussion forum since 1990
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130516044247/http://indologiaitalia.blogspot.com/ Italian blog with many links to indological websites]
* [http://www.dkagencies.com/ Books related to Indology] (commercial publisher's website)
* [http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPPHYR&Volume=0&Issue=0&ArticleID=5 The Veda as Studied by European Scholars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009192307/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPPHYR&Volume=0&Issue=0&ArticleID=5 |date=9 October 2008 }} (Gifford Lectures Online)

'''Institutes'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [http://www.istb.univie.ac.at/ Vienna]
* [http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/IND Heidelberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514160241/http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/IND/ |date=14 May 2013 }}
* [http://www.indologie.uni-halle.de/ Halle]
* [http://www.indologie.uni-mainz.de/ Mainz]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060519090858/http://www.ifpindia.org/-Indology-.html French Institute of Pondicherry]
* [https://uni-tuebingen.de/indologie Tübingen]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209224928/http://www.indologie.unizh.ch/ Zürich]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111242/http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/isa/ Oxford]
{{div col end}}

===Library guides===
* {{cite web |url=https://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/south-asia |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |author=South/Southeast Asia Library |title=South Asia Studies |location=US}}
* {{cite web |url=http://guides.library.ucla.edu/south-asia |publisher=University of California |work=Research Guides |title=South Asian Studies |location=Los Angeles }}
* {{cite web |url=http://library.columbia.edu/subject-guides/southasia.html |publisher=Columbia University Libraries |title=South & Southeast Asian Studies Research Guides |location=New York, US |access-date=22 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212634/http://library.columbia.edu/subject-guides/southasia.html |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/collections/topicGuides/india/home.aspx |publisher=[[London School of Economics and Political Science]] |author=Library |title=India Studies |work=Topic Guides |location=UK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826131203/http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/collections/topicGuides/india/home.aspx |archive-date=26 August 2014 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/southasia |publisher=University of Oxford, Bodleian Libraries |title=South Asia |work=Oxford LibGuides |location=Oxford, UK}}
* {{cite web |url=http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/cat.php?cid=3004 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries |work=Research Guides |title=South/Southeast Asia |location=US}}

{{South Asian topics}}
{{Regional cultural studies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indology| ]]
[[Category:Asian studies]]

Thiruvanmiyur railway station

2026-03-18T14:43:43Z

Mvjceng: made new info

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Thiruvanmiyur
| symbol = suburban
| symbol_location = chennai
| system = [[Chennai MRTS]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Thiruvanmiyur Station.JPG
| image_caption = Thiruvanmiyur MRTS station
| address =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.989441|80.251393|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #FF9900
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| line =
| other =
| structure = Elevated
| platform = [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Chennai MRTS|St. Thomas Mount}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Chennai Beach}}
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| connections = {{ric|Chennai Metro}}{{rcb|Chennai Metro|purple|croute}} [[Thiruvanmiyur metro station]]
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = 26 January 2004
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code = TYMR
| owned =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Chennai MRTS|line=1|left1=Indira Nagar|to-left1=Chennai Beach|right1=Taramani|to-right1=St. Thomas Mount}}
| mapframe = yes
| map_locator =
}}
'''Thiruvanmiyur''' is a station on the [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Chennai MRTS]] in India. Located opposite the [[Tidel Park]] on [[Rajiv Gandhi Salai]] at [[Taramani]], it exclusively serves the Chennai MRTS.

==History==
Thiruvanmiyur station was opened on 26 January 2004, as part of the second phase of the Chennai MRTS network. Since it was the terminal station at the time of its opening, a crossover was initially planned at the station to divert the trains between up and down directions. However, this was never realised as the project administration failed to include this requirement in the revised proposal for ballastless track. The up and down lines between Tirumailai and Tiruvanmiyur (a station before Velacheri) were completed during 2003. Execution of the balance portion of work beyond Tiruvanmiyur had been delayed due to the sinkage of earth. Owing to this, trains moving in the 'up' direction from Thirumailai to Thiruvanmiyur were required to be moved to the 'down' line for the return trip. In addition, safety was also in question with the operation of trains in both lines without the crossover. This led to operating trains only in the 'up' line for a long time until the construction of stations till Velachery. The 'down' line created at a cost of {{INR}} 1,850 million had been idling for several months.<ref name="CAG_NIC_ReportNo5">{{cite web|title=Report No.5 of 2006 (Railways) |url=http://cag.nic.in/html/reports/railways/2006_5/chap_3.pdf |work=cag.nic.in |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201185638/http://cag.nic.in/html/reports/railways/2006_5/chap_3.pdf |archivedate= 1 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Structure==
The elevated station is on the western banks of the [[Buckingham Canal]]. The platform length is {{convert|280|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = MRTS Phase-II Extension
| work = Development of MRTS in Chennai
| publisher = CMDA
| date =
| url = http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase2_extension.htm
| doi =
| accessdate = 20 Aug 2012
| archive-date = 15 August 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140815123835/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase2_extension.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The station building consists of {{convert|1392|m2|ft2}} of parking area in its basement.<ref name="cmda session">{{cite web|last=R.Ramanathan|title=Presentation on MRTS & Rail facilities in and around Chennai|url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/SMPS/SMPS_Session2.pdf|work=Traffic Transportation and Parking – Session 2|publisher=CMDA, Chennai|accessdate=19 August 2012|archive-date=2 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702062005/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/SMPS/SMPS_Session2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Station layout ===
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Thiruvanmiyur track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Chennai MRTS|Line 1}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Indira Nagar}}
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Taramani}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:21em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, Station ticket counters and Automatic ticket vending machines 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Chennai Beach}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Indira Nagar}}
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Chennai MRTS|St. Thomas Mount}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Chennai MRTS|Taramani}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==Service and connections==
Thiruvanmiyur station is the fourteenth station on the MRTS line to St. Thomas Mount. In the return direction from St. Thomas Mount, it is currently the seventh station towards [[Chennai Beach station]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Beach – Velachery – Chennai Beach Week days service|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|work=Southern Railways|accessdate=18 Aug 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906183556/http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|archivedate=6 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Developments==
In September 2013, the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) invited tenders for setting up a food plaza in the station, along with two other stations, namely, Thirumayilai and Velachery.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Narayanan
| first = Vivek
| title = Missed a meal? Grab a bite at MRTS station in Chennai
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 28 September 2013
| url = http://www.one.in/hindu-chennai/missed-a-meal-grab-a-bite-at-mrts-station-in-chennai-508634.html
| accessdate = 18 Apr 2014
| archive-date = 19 April 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011921/http://www.one.in/hindu-chennai/missed-a-meal-grab-a-bite-at-mrts-station-in-chennai-508634.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chennai MRTS]]
* [[Chennai suburban railway]]
* [[Chennai Metro]]
* [[Transport in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai MRTS}}
{{Chennai topics|left}}
{{Urban transit in Chennai}}

{{Transport in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2004]]
[[Category:Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]

Dandakaranya

2026-03-15T03:31:22Z

Mvjceng: improved content additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Forest featured in Hindu literature}}
{{Infobox forest
| name = Dandakaranya
| native_name2 =
| native_lang2 =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size =
| map =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| coordinates =
| county =
| region = [[Bastar division|Bastar]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Odisha]] and [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| elevation =
| area = 92,200 km2
| max_area =
| date_max_area =
| status =
| established =
| visitation =
| visitation_year =
| events =
| authority =
| website =
| ecosystem =
| classification_WWF =
| classification_EPA =
| classification_CEC =
| disturbance =
| forest_cover =
| species =
| indicator_plants =
| lesser_flora =
| fauna =
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}

'''Dandakaranya''' ({{Langx|sa|दण्डकारण्य|translit=Daṇḍakāraṇya}}), also rendered '''Dandaka''' ({{langx|sa|दंडक}}, IAST: {{IAST|Daṃḍaka}}), is a historical region and the name of a forest mentioned in the ancient Indian epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. It covers about {{convert|35600|sqmi|km2|-2|order=flip}} of land, which includes the [[Abujhmar]] Hills in the west and borders the [[Eastern Ghats]] in the east, including regions of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], and [[Telangana]] states. It spans about {{convert|200|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip}} from north to south and about {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip}} from east to west.<ref name=brit>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9028691/Dandakaranya |title= Dandakaranya |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Dandakaranya'' means "the Dandaka forest" in Sanskrit, the abode of the [[rakshasa]] Dandaka.<ref name=brit/> It was the site of the [[Danda kingdom]] in [[Hindu puranic history]], a stronghold of the rakshasa tribes. It was a state of the [[Lanka kingdom]] under the reign of [[Ravana]]. Ravana's governor [[Khara (Ramayana)|Khara]] ruled this province.

==Hinduism==
[[File:Shukracharya advises his daughter Aruja to remain beside the lake near his hermitage while a dust storm devastates the accursed kingdom of Danda.jpg|thumb|Shukracharya advises his daughter Aruja to remain beside the lake near his hermitage while a dust storm devastates the accursed kingdom of Danda]]
Dandakaranya is considered sacred in [[Hinduism]], as many accounts of the region describe ancient Hindu peoples and Hindu deities living together in refuge there. The Dandakaranya zone was the location of the turning point in the [[Ramayana]], a famous [[Indian epic poetry|Sanskrit epic]]. The plot for the divine objectives to uproot the [[rakshasa]]s from the land was formulated here.<ref>Arya, Ravi Prakash (ed.).Ramayana of Valmiki: Sanskrit Text and English Translation. (English translation according to M. N. Dutt, introduction by Dr. Ramashraya Sharma, 4-volume set) Parimal Publications: Delhi, 1998, {{ISBN|81-7110-156-9}}</ref> According to the epic, it was home to many deadly creatures and demons. It is described to have stretched from [[Narmada River|Narmada]] to the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Krishna River|Krishna]] Rivers according to the epic. [[Rama]], his wife [[Sita]], and his brother [[Lakshmana]], are described to have spent their initial years of fourteen years as exiles traveling around the region.

==See also==
*[[Danda kingdom]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Chhattisgarh}}
{{Ramayana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian forests]]
[[Category:Forests of Odisha]]

St. Edward's School, Shimla

2026-03-12T08:53:55Z

Mvjceng: small improve structure per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Convent school in India}}
{{About|school named "St. Edward's" in Shimla|other items of the same name|St Edward's School (disambiguation){{!}}St Edward's School}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Edward's School
| image = St-Edwards-School-Shimla-Crest.png
| image_size = 150px
| caption = School crest
| latin_name = {{langx|la|Schola S. Eduardi|italic=yes}}
| logo_size = 150px
| motto = {{langx|la|Lumen Sequere|italic=yes}}
| motto_translation = "Follow the Light"
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|9 March 1925}}
| founders = [[Irish Christian Brothers]]
| oversight = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh|Simla Chandigarh Diocese]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
| closed =
| type = [[Convent school]]
| patron = [[Edward the Martyr|St. Edward]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patron Saint - St. Edward's School|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/patron_saint.aspx|access-date=2021-03-22|website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] 2008 onwards [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CISCE]] until 2008
| accreditation = [[All India Senior School Certificate Examination|AISSCE]] [[All India Secondary School Examination|AISSE]]
| language = English
| district = [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
| grades = Nursery - Class XII
| president = [[Ignatius Loyola Mascarenhas]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishop's Message - St. Edward's School|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/bishop_message.aspx|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
| principal = Fr. Anil Wilson Sequeira<ref>{{Cite web|title=Principal's Message - St. Edward's School|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/principal_message.aspx|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
| alumni = [[#Notable alumni|Old Edwardians]]
| head_of_school =
| dean =
| faculty =
| staff = 75<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty |url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/faculty.aspx |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
| enrollment = Approx. 2000
| gender = [[Single-sex education|Boys]]
| athletics =
| athletic_conference =
| colors =
| colours = {{Color box|Darkblue}}{{Color box|DarkGreen}}{{Color box|Gold}} Navy blue, green & yellow
| mascot =
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = {{cvt|15909|m²}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Information|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/School_Information.aspx |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
| free_label =
| free_text =
| houses = {{plainlist|
* St. Luke's House
* St. Mathew's House
* St. John's House
* St. Mark's House
}}
| yearbook = ''The Edwardian Voices''<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Magazines|url=http://www.stedwardsshimla.org/Magazine.aspx |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
| rival = [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School]]
| address = Milsington Estate, Cart Road
| city = [[Shimla]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| zipcode = 171001
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.095321|77.172021|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| tuition = ₹52,660 - ₹58,200<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fee Structure|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/fee_structure.aspx |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
| information =
| website = {{URL|https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/|stedwardsshimla.org}}
}}
'''St. Edward's School''' is a convent school at Milsington Estate, [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/st-edward-s-school-in-shimla-is-the-beacon-of-knowledge/story-JkIetNdVRoBoWpfl5EZtMO.html|title=St Edward's School in Shimla is the beacon of knowledge|date=2018-10-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> It is a boys'-only day school. St. Edward's has been ranked among the top schools in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.educationworld.in/st-edwards-school-shimla/|title=St. Edward's School, Shimla|date=2018-11-16|website=EducationWorld|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref> It was initially affiliated to [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CISCE]] but was changed over to the Central Board of Secondary Education ([[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]) system in 2008. Today the School is managed by Simla Chandigarh Educational Society, under the [[Bishop in the Catholic Church|Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh|Simla Chandigarh Diocese]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About School |url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/about_school.aspx |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref> The school offers education from Nursery to Class XII.

==House Club System==
{| class="wikitable" width="auto" style="text-align: center"
|-
! colspan="4" | House name and Colours<ref>{{Cite web|title=House System and Clubs - St. Edward's School|url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/house_club_system.aspx|access-date=2021-06-21|website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>
|-
! House
! Motto
! Colour
! Swatch
|-
|St. John's || {{lang|en|Sure and Steadfast|italic=yes}} || Yellow || {{colour box|#fecb00}}
|-
|St. Matthew's || {{lang|en|To Dare is to Do|italic=yes}} || Blue || {{colour box|#091F92}}
|-
|St. Mark's || {{lang|en|Learn Leap Lead|italic=yes}} || Red || {{colour box|#c60c30}}
|-
|St. Luke's || {{lang|en|Deeds not Words|italic=yes}} || Green || {{colour box|#007934}}
|}
All students are placed in one of the four [[House system|houses]] named after the [[Four Evangelists]]: St. Mark's House, St. Luke's House, St. Matthew's House and St. John's House. Each house is led by a captain and a vice-captain, who are responsible for organizing and conducting various co-curricular activities in the school. They are usually chosen on the basis of their academic performance in addition to their participation in [[sport]]s and [[culture|cultural]] activities. Apart from the house captains, there are also a school captain and a vice-captain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Captains |url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/school_captains.aspx |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref> Other members of the school cabinet includes school reporter, sports captain and vice-captain, activity captain and vice-captain and school editors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Cabinet |url=https://www.stedwardsshimla.org/school_cabinet.aspx |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=www.stedwardsshimla.org}}</ref>

Various clubs form a central part of holistic learning in the school, namely the [[Culture|cultural]] club, [[science]] and [[mathematics|maths]] club, [[Literature|literary]] club, [[sport]]s club, [[environmentalism|eco]] club and [[yoga]].

==Controversy==
The school landed itself in a controversy in 2012 by not allowing a [[Sikh]] student to wear a [[turban]] in school.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Manjeet |last=Sehgal|date=April 27, 2012|title=School in Shimla stops Sikh student from wearing turban|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/turban-controversy-shimla-st-edward-school-sikh-students-100395-2012-04-27|access-date=2021-03-22|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-28|title=Shimla missionary school to allow Sikh students to wear turbans|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/shimla-missionary-school-to-allow-sikh-students-to-wear-turbans/story-KwtH4xCgTiivvDQUoy3TgK.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Turban controversy at Shimla school|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/turban-controversy-at-shimla-school-478849|access-date=2021-03-22|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The issue was settled after the intervention of the government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shimla school to allow Sikh students to wear full turban|url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/shimla-school-to-allow-sikh-students-to-wear-full-turban-479235|access-date=2021-03-22|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-28|title=Missionary school to allow Sikh students to wear full turban|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/missionary-school-to-allow-sikh-students-to-wear-full-turban_772267.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Surekha Dhaleta|date=Apr 28, 2012|title=Sikhs in Shimla threaten stir over turban issue {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sikhs-in-shimla-threaten-stir-over-turban-issue/articleshow/12905557.cms|access-date=2021-03-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-04-26|title=Turban ban in Shimla convent school?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/turban-ban-in-shimla-convent-school/|access-date=2021-03-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
* [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]], former Vice President, India<ref name="Vice president of India">{{Cite web|url=http://aligarhmovement.com/aligarians/hamid_ansari|title=Mohammad Hamid Ansari|website=aligarhmovement.com|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090401/himplus.htm#5|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Himachal PLUS|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2015-06-08|title=Ansari visits alma mater, refreshes memories|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ansari-visits-alma-mater-refreshes-memories-115060800979_1.html|access-date=2021-11-18}}</ref>
* [[Bipin Rawat]], former Chief of Defence Staff, Indian Armed Forces & former Chief of Army Staff, Indian Army<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/pune/lt-gen-bipin-rawat-takes-over-as-new-army-commander/|title=Lt Gen Bipin Rawat takes over as new Army Commander|date=2016-01-02|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/rawat-visits-alma-mater-artrac-772528|title=Rawat visits alma mater, ARTRAC|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Army chief Gen Rawat visits alma mater St Edward's School, Shimla|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachal/army-chief-gen-rawat-visits-alma-mater-st-edwards-school-shimla-772411|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ajay Banga]], President, World Bank & ex-CEO, Mastercard<ref>{{Cite news |title=World Bank prez nominee studied at St Edward's |language=en |work=Tribuneindia News Service |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/world-bank-prez-nominee-studied-at-st-edwards-482940 |access-date=2023-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-25 |title=Proud moment for St Edwards as its alumnus set to be World Bank president |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/proud-moment-for-st-edwards-as-its-alumnus-set-to-be-world-bank-president-101677271976827.html |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Virbhadra Singh]], former Chief Minister, Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=Himachal Pradesh University to set up chair in Virbhadra Singh's memory|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/himachal-pradesh-university-to-set-up-chair-in-virbhadra-singh-s-memory-101629692122585.html|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]], ex-DGP, Punjab Police<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/A-time-to-Gill/articleshow/17267689.cms | title=A time to Gill - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Deepak Gupta (judge)|Deepak Gupta]], former Judge, Supreme Court of India
* [[Sanjay Karol]], Judge, Supreme Court of India
* [[Sudhir Kakar]], psychoanalyst and author<ref>{{Cite web|title=Me And My Couch| work= Outlook India Magazine|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/me-and-my-couch/271384|access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref>
* [[Ashok Sukumaran]], media artist
* [[Anil Wilson]], former Vice-Chancellor, Himachal Pradesh University<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/26/stories/2009062657090500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628094324/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/26/stories/2009062657090500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-06-28 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=Anil Wilson passes away| date=2009-06-25}}</ref>
* [[Vijay Kumar Berry]], Maha Vir Chakra recipient
* [[Raj Mohan Vohra]], Maha Vir Chakra recipient & Commander of the Eastern Command, Indian Army
* [[Antony Jameson]], Professor of Engineering in the Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aero-comlab.stanford.edu/jameson/biography.html|title=Antony Jameson's Home Page, Dept. of Aeronautics & Astronautics|website=aero-comlab.stanford.edu|access-date=2020-04-24}}</ref>
* [[Pratap Bhanu Mehta]], former Vice Chancellor, Ashoka University & former President, Centre for Policy Research
* [[Ashok Chopra]], journalist and author
* [[Anirudh Singh (politician)|Anirudh Singh]], Cabinet Minister, Government of Himachal Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sh. Anirudh Singh Kasumpti |url=https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/71 |website=HP Vidhan Sabha}}</ref>
* [[Harsh Mahajan]], Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
* [[Sanjay Chauhan (politician)|Sanjay Chauhan]], ex-Mayor, Shimla Municipal Corporation

==See also==
{{Portal|Schools|India}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Bishop Cotton School, Shimla]] (1859)
* [[Auckland House School, Shimla]] (1868)
* [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Chelsea, Shimla]] (1864)
* [[Loreto Convent, Tara Hall, Shimla]] (1892)
* [[St. Bede's College, Shimla]] (1904)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.stedwardsshimla.org}}
* {{URL|https://seoba.stedwardsshimla.org/|Old Boys Association}}
{{Edu HP}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Edward's School, Shimla}}
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1925]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Shimla]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in India]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Shimla district]]
[[Category:British-era buildings in Himachal Pradesh]]

Lal Babu Prasad Gupta

2026-03-10T17:22:05Z

Mvjceng: adjust intro per standard format and added references

{{short description|Indian politician from Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lal Babu Prasad Gupta
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|01|01|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=बिहार विधान सभा सचिवालय - सप्तदश बिहार विधान सभा मे माननीय सदस्यों की जन्म तिथि एवं टर्मवार सूची |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427090929/https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| residence = Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Chiraia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chiraia]]
| term_start1 = 2015
| predecessor1 = [[Avaneesh Kumar Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = Politician
}}
'''Lal Babu Prasad Gupta''' is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Bihar]]. He has won the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] election in 2015 and 2020 from [[Chiraia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chiraia]].<ref>[http://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=2135 My Neta]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160319091633/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160317/jsp/frontpage/story_74986.jsp#.WD6VnPl97IU HON’BLE MLA SPEAKS: MAAR DENGE... CHAMRI CHHIL DENGE]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lal Babu Prasad Gupta Election Results 2020: News, Votes, Results of Bihar Assembly|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/bihar-assembly-election-candidates-list-2020/lal-babu-prasad-gupta-04020-1|access-date=2021-01-26|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lal Babu Prasad Gupta Election Result Chiraia Live: Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2020 Lal Babu Prasad Gupta Chiraia Seat|url=https://www.news18.com/bihar-assembly-elections-2020/lal-babu-prasad-gupta-chiraia-candidate-s04a020c01/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=News18}}</ref>

Gupta contested in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] and defeated [[Laxmi Narayan Yadav]] of Rashtriya Janata Dal to become an MLA for the first time. He defeated Yadav with a margin of over four thousand votes. He was again made a candidate for the polls of 2020 and this time, he defeated Acche Lal Yadav of RJD to retain the constituency and become an MLA for the second time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-chiraiya-seat-2020-result-candidates-bjp-lal-babu-prasad-gupta-rjd-acche-lal-yadav-lead-trail-winner-3609048.html|title=Lal Babu Prasad Gupta Chiraia Assembly constituency history|website=Hindustan|accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Lal Babu Prasad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Dabzee

2026-03-07T22:12:57Z

Mvjceng: started new post

{{short description|Indian rapper and music producer (born 1991)}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dabzee
| image =
| caption = Dabzee at the "Illuminati" video song shoot
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Mohammed Fazil Dabzee
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|05|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Changaramkulam]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| spouse =
| occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|lyricist|record producer}}
| years_active = 2020 - Present
| height =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| label = [[Mass Appeal India]]
| genre = {{hlist|[[Pop rap]]|[[pop music|pop]]}}
| associated_acts =
}}
}}

'''Mohammed Fasil''', (born 30 May 1991), known professionally as '''Dabzee''', is an Indian [[Rapping|rapper]], singer and [[songwriter]] from [[Kerala]]. He is well known for his film debut as a rapper with the song "[[Thallumaala#Music|Manavaalan Thug]]" from the movie ''[[Thallumaala]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=റീലുകളിൽ നിറയുന്ന 'മണവാളന്‍ തഗ്ഗ്'; മലബാറി വൈബ് ഉള്ള തല്ലുമാലപ്പാട്ടിന്റെ ഹിറ്റ് കഥ! |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2022/08/24/dabzee-opens-up-about-thallumala-song-manavalan-thug.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>''.''

==Personal life==
Fasil was born in [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Likhitha P. |date=2021-01-30 |title='Oora' music video: Manushyar's latest single speaks for the under-represented workers of society |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Jan/30/oora-music-video-manushyars-latest-single-speaks-for-theunder-represented-workers-of-society-2256818.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Following his marriage, he relocated to the [[United Arab Emirates]] where he initially pursued work in a conventional job. However, his passion for music led him to quit his job and started his focus towards [[rapping]] and music making.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-09-15 |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} 'Manavaalan Thug' was meant for my album: Indie artist Dabzee |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2023/Sep/15/interview-manavaalan-thug-was-meant-for-my-album-indie-artistdabzee-2614911.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

===2020: Manushyar===
Fazil started his music career in 2020 with his first successful single ''MANUSHYAN'' with Manushyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When did Dabzee start making music? |url=https://genius.com/artists/Dabzee/q/start-making-music |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Genius}}</ref> The group "Manushyar" consists of Dabzee, M.H.R, Joker390P, SA Rapper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Likhitha P. |date=2021-01-30 |title='Oora' music video: Manushyar's latest single speaks for the under-represented workers of society |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Jan/30/oora-music-video-manushyars-latest-single-speaks-for-theunder-represented-workers-of-society-2256818.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, they released <bdi>Oora's music video which portrayed support towards the farmers and their protests, the release was significantly known for its message</bdi> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Likhitha P. |date=2021-01-30 |title='Oora' music video: Manushyar's latest single speaks for the under-represented workers of society |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Jan/30/oora-music-video-manushyars-latest-single-speaks-for-theunder-represented-workers-of-society-2256818.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><bdi>.</bdi>

In 2023, they released ''Malabari Banger'' which rose to charts, grossing Top 4 in the [[ITunes|iTunes Dance Charts]], and with over millions of streams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Fathima Abdul |date=2023-10-09 |title=Listen To A New Homegrown Single That Blends Malabari Motifs With Modern Hip-Hop |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-creators/listen-to-a-new-homegrown-single-that-blends-malabari-motifs-with-modern-hip-hop |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malabari Banger |url=https://www.top-charts.com/s/malabari-banger-mhr-joker390p-sa-dabzee |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.top-charts.com |language=en}}</ref>

===2022 - present===
In 2022, he released his first independent [[Kannada]]-[[Malayalam]] track "Bharaverse" along with Moeha, and V3K.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2022-02-18 |title=Hear Moeha, Dabzee and V3K's Enriching Kannada/Malayalam Trap Song 'Bharavase' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/moeha-dabzee-v3k-song-bharavase/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the same year, he made his film debut as a rapper with the song "[[Thallumaala#Music|Manavaalan Thug]]" which appeared in the Malayalam film "[[Thallumaala]]" starring [[Tovino Thomas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thallumaala {{!}} Song - Manavaalan Thug {{!}} Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/thallumaala-song-manavaalan-thug/videoshow/93500395.cms |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The track got significantly popular, featuring on Top 40 Asian Music Chart in [[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]], and grossing over 100 million streams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manavaalan Thug Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/dabzee-sa-manavaalan-thug/ |website=Official Charts}}</ref> He initially revealed that "Manavaalan Thug" was first a track intended for his independent album.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-09-15 |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} 'Manavaalan Thug' was meant for my album: Indie artist Dabzee |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2023/Sep/15/interview-manavaalan-thug-was-meant-for-my-album-indie-artistdabzee-2614911.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 11 December 2022, he was invited to perform at the [[Spotify]]'s 91 Rap Live event which was held at Jio Conventional Centre, Mumbai. The event featured 20 hip-hop rappers, singers, and music producers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Anasuya |date=2022-12-10 |title=Mumbai hosts Spotify's 'Rap 91' music fest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/mumbai-hosts-spotifys-rap-91-music-fest/article66248816.ece |access-date=2024-03-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2023, he contributed rap vocals and lyrics to the song "[[King of Kotha#Music|Kotha Raja]]" for the Malayalam film ''[[King of Kotha]]'', starring [[Dulquer Salman]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-27 |title='Kotha Raja' track from Dulquer Salmaan's 'King Of Kotha' out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kotha-raja-track-from-dulquer-salmaans-king-of-kotha-out/articleshow/103100718.cms |access-date=2024-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The song was [[composer|composed]], [[Arrangement|arranged]] and [[Record producer|produced]] by [[Jakes Bejoy]], featuring Asal Kolaar, [[Roll Rida]] and [[Muhsin Parari|Mu.Ri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-08-26 |title=Kotha Raja song from King of Kotha out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Aug/26/kotha-raja-song-from-king-of-kotha-out-46994.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The track was featured in Top 20 rank in Soundtracks Charts by [[Apple Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotha Raja |url=https://www.chartoo.in/apple-music/song/1704003434-kotha-raja |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Chartoo |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The same year, He released "La Vida" with [[Kshmr|KSHMR]] along with Vedan. The track was signed to [[Mass Appeal Records]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirwani |first=Peony |date=2023-11-24 |title=KSHMR - Inspiring a Generation with Melodies and Meaning |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/cover-story-kshmr/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who wrote "La Vida" by KSHMR, Dabzee & Vedan? |url=https://genius.com/Kshmr-dabzee-and-vedan-la-vida-lyrics/q/writer |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Genius}}</ref>

He wrote and composed the promotional song "[[Sulaikha Manzil#Promotional track|Olam Up]]" for the film ''[[Sulaikha Manzil]]'' which was released on 21 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=സുലൈഖ മൻസിലിന്റെ വിജയാഘോഷങ്ങൾക്ക് മാറ്റു കൂട്ടാൻ "ഓളം UP" പ്രോമോ സോങ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/sulaikha-manzil-olam-up-video-song-anarkali-lukman-avaran-cheman-vinod-jose-1.8502727 |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=സുലൈഖ മൻസിലിന്റെ വിജയാഘോഷങ്ങൾക്കു തകർപ്പൻ താളം; പ്രമോ സോങ് ഏറ്റെടുത്ത് പ്രേക്ഷകർ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2023/04/24/olam-up-promo-video-song.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>

He was featured in the track "''Sambar''" which featured the [[Malayalam]] Industry's popular [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] artists [[ThirumaLi]], [[Fejo (rapper)|FEJO]], and Thudwiser. The track was grossing No.1 in UAE [[YouTube Music|YouTube Top 10 Music Charts]] for a week, with over 6 million+. The track was signed to [[Mass Appeal India]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Breaking: Malayali Rap Icons Thirumali, Dabzee, Fejo & Thudwiser Release Huge New Single 'Sambar' With Def Jam Recordings India - Culture Haze |url=https://culturehaze.com/breaking-malayali-rap-icons-thirumali-dabzee-fejo-thudwiser-release-new-single-sambar-with-def-jam-recordings-india/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Def Jam India unleashes 'Sambar'- ThirumaLi, Fejo, Dabzee & Thudwiser set the trap scene ablaze! – MusiCulture |url=https://www.musiculture.in/def-jam-india-unleashes-sambar-thirumali-fejo-dabzee-thudwiser-set-the-trap-scene-ablaze/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

He wrote and sang a [[Promotional recording|promo song]] titled "[[Pulimada#Music|Mada Trance]]" for the movie ''[[Pulimada]],'' which was released on 26 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-10-27 |title=Promo song of Pulimada, Mada Trance, is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Oct/27/promo-song-of-pulimada-mada-trance-is-out-49018.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, he began his international tour, starting in Europe. He sung the song "Illuminati" from the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam movie]] [[Aavesham (2024 film)|'Aavesham']] starring [[Fahadh Faasil]]. The song was composed by [[Sushin Shyam]].

== Discography ==
{{Main|Dabzee discography}}
==Controversy==
In May 2025, Dabzee and three of his friends were arrested on a Friday night in connection with a dispute over a financial transaction. They were later released on station bail{{Efn|name="name"|Attributed to multiple sources based on Financial arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapper Dabzee arrested in financial dispute case |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/05/24/rapper-dabzee-arrested-in-financial-dispute-case.html |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapper Dabzee, friends arrested in financial dispute; Released on bail |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/rapper-dabzee-friends-arrested-in-financial-dispute-released-on-bail-hrib2e2b |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Dispute: Rapper Dabzee Held, Released on Bail After Financial Row |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/rapper-dabzee-friends-held-over-financial-dispute-in-kerala-3555728 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Popular Rapper Dabzee arrested in financial dispute case |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1539898&u=popular-rapper-dabzee-arrested-in-financial-dispute-case-1539898 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=keralakaumudi.com}}</ref>}}.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Rappers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian hip-hop singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category: Artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Lalitha Srinivasan

2026-03-04T15:33:54Z

Mvjceng: Started basic biography basic info

{{Short description|Indian Bharatanatyam dancer (born 1943)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Lalitha|Srinivasan}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lalitha Srinivasan
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1943|8|24}}
| birth_place = Shivasamudra, [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| known for = [[Bharatanatyam]]
| occupation = [[Dancer]], Choreographer, Dance Teacher
| awards = {{ubl|[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Award]]|[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]|[[Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy|Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy Award]]|[[Shantala Natya Shri Award]]}}
| website =
}}
'''Lalitha Srinivasan''' is an Indian [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer, choreographer and dance teacher from Karnataka. For her contribution to Bharatanatyam, she received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Award]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Government of India, Karnataka Kalatilaka by the [[Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy]], [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]], and the [[Shantala Natya Shri Award]] from the Government of Karnataka.

==Biography==
Lalitha Srinivasan was born on August 24, 1943, in Shivasamudra in present-day Karnataka state of India.<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web |title=Lalitha Srinivasan |url=https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/1722839083_Amrit%20Award%20Citation%202023_%20%2821%29.pdf |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Government of India}}</ref> At her younger years, she lived in various small towns in Karnataka, because of her father's job.<ref name="Sruti">{{cite web |last1=Krishna |first1=Srilatha |title=Cover Story-Lalitha Srinivasan |url=https://www.sruti.com/printeditions/sruti-back-issues-individual/lalitha-srinivasanvak-ranga-raomannargudi-easwara |date=September 2018 |issue=9 |volume=25 |website=www.sruti.com |publisher=[[Sruti (magazine)]] |language=en |access-date=2026-02-25 |archive-date=2025-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110203550/https://sruti.com/printeditions/sruti-back-issues-individual/lalitha-srinivasanvak-ranga-raomannargudi-easwara |url-status=live }}</ref>

Her family, noticing her interest in dance very early, trained her in Bharatanatyam at the age of ten under Guru [[H. R. Keshava Murthy]] in Bangalore.<ref name="narthaki">{{cite web |last1=[[Sunil Kothari]] |title=Profile - Lalitha Srinivasan celebrates 40 years of Nupura - Sunil Kothari |url=https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl215.html |website=narthaki.com}}</ref> However, she gave up dancing completely after her marriage at the age of 19.<ref name="narthaki"/> But being interested in dance theory, she studied it and passed the proficiency exams with first rank.<ref name="narthaki"/> She made her Bharathanatyam debut in 1966.<ref name="narthaki"/> Later she received her advanced training under [[K. Venkatalakshamma]], legendary Mysore Court dancer and exponent of Mysore School of Bharatanatyam.<ref name="narthaki"/> In addition, she has also learned Music, Veena, painting, and interior designing.<ref name="SNA"/> She also completed master's degree and DLitt in History.<ref name="SNA"/>

Lalitha Srinivasan now lives at her house in [[Malleshwaram|Malleswaram]] in Bengaluru.<ref name="Sruti"/>

==Career==
An exponent in the Mysore style, she is noted in the area of abhinaya (acting). She has performed in various parts of India and abroad and has also presented lecture-demonstrations at different venues in the country. She has choreographed dance productions such as ''Chitrangadha'', ''Sri Krishna Parijatha'', ''Lasyotsava'', ''Prem Bhakti Mukti'', ''Koushika Sukritam'', ''Gowdara Malli'', ''Deva Kannika'', and ''Nisha Vibhrama''.<ref name="SNA"/> In 1978, she founded the Nupura School of Bharatanatyam, which focuses on teaching and promoting the Mysore style of Bharatanatyam.<ref name="SNA"/> For more than thirty years, she has directed ''Nitya Nritya'', a national level dance festival in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahabharathanatyam |url=https://www.sruti.com/articles/newsnotes/mahabharathanatyam |publisher=[[Sruti (magazine)]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Books published==
[[Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy]] has published her two books, ''Dance in Karnataka and Dance Sculptures of Karnataka'' and a biography of [[K. Venkatalakshamma]].<ref name="narthaki"/>

==Awards and honors==
Lalitha Srinivasan received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Award]] for her contribution to Bharatanatyam, in 2023.<ref name="SNA"/> She also received several other awards and honors including the Shiromani, and Priyadarshini awards at the national level, Karnataka Kalatilaka by the [[Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Academy]], [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]], and the [[Shantala Natya Shri Award]] Award from the Government of Karnataka.<ref name="SNA"/>

== Nupura school of Bharatanatyam==
In 1978, Lalitha Srinivasan founded the Nupura School of Bharatanatyam in Malleswaram, Bangalore, Karnataka, which focuses on teaching and promoting the Mysore style of Bharatanatyam.<ref name="SNA"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Bindu Gopal |title=An Ode to Dance {{!}} An Ode to Dance |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/281218/an-ode-to-dance.html |work=www.deccanchronicle.com |date=28 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=25 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106134924/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/281218/an-ode-to-dance.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since its inception, it trained more than 500 students.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnamurthy |first1=Akhila |title=Dancing In the City |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/dancing-in-the-city |work=Open Magazine |date=5 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2026 |access-date=25 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208222518/https://openthemagazine.com/features/dancing-in-the-city |url-status=live }}</ref> Lalitha's daughter Manu Srinivasan, who is also a dancer, is the secretary of Nupura school now.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sebastian |first1=Shilpa |title=Stepping into the virtual world |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/nupura-school-of-bharatanatyam-celebrates-international-dance-day-virtually/article31451925.ece |work=The Hindu |date=28 April 2020 |language=en-IN |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=25 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622045916/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/nupura-school-of-bharatanatyam-celebrates-international-dance-day-virtually/article31451925.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, Lalitha}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Artists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]

Sevappi

2026-03-03T02:25:21Z

Mvjceng: made a article

{{Short description|2024 film by M S Raaja}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sevappi
| image = Sevappi.jpg
| caption = Promotional release poster
| director = M S Raaja
| producer = Rajeshwar Kalisamy Prasanna Balachandran
| writer =
| starring = {{ubl|Rishikanth|[[Poornima Ravi]]|Shravan Athvethan}}
| music = A. Praveen Kumar
| cinematography = Manoharan M
| editing = Vachu Lakshmin
| studio = Erumugal Network
| distributor = [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|01|12}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Sevappi''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] written and directed by M S Raaja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2023 |title=பிக்பாஸ் பூர்ணிமாவின் புதிய படம்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/Dec/25/bigg-boss-poornima-new-movie-4128414.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141725/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/Dec/25/bigg-boss-poornima-new-movie-4128414.html |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Dinamani}}</ref> The film was produced by Rajeshwar Kalisamy and Prasanna Balachandran under the banner of Erumugal Network. The film stars Rishikanth and [[Poornima Ravi]] in the lead roles with Shravan Athvethan, Dilli, Sebastin Antony, Rajamani, Thanesh Venkat, Thirunavukkarasu and Mimmο in the supporting roles. A. Praveen Kumar composed the music of the film. Manoharan M handled the cinematography and Vachu Lakshmin edited the film.

The film was premiered on streaming service [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]] on 12 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Priyadharshini |date=25 December 2023 |title=Poornima Ravi : கிராமத்து பெண்ணாக மாறிய பிக்பாஸ் பூர்ணிமா ரவி - என்ன படம் தெரியுமா? |url=https://newssense.vikatan.com/cinema/biggboss-poornima-ravi-who-became-a-village-girl-in-sevappi-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141624/https://newssense.vikatan.com/cinema/biggboss-poornima-ravi-who-became-a-village-girl-in-sevappi-movie |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Vikatan}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Rishikanth as Karnan
* [[Poornima Ravi]] as Boomi
* Shravan Athvethan as Kumaran
* Dilli as Moodan
* Sebastin Antony as Paruthi
* Rajamani as Aakaati Paatti
* Thanesh Venkat as Kilimandu
* Thirunavukkarasu as Bomman
* Mimmο
* Vinu Varma as Maandriga

== Production ==
=== Development ===
''Sevappi'' was officially announced by the makers on 25 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=26 December 2023 |title=Aha Tamil announces new film Sevappi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Dec/26/aha-tamil-announces-new-filmsevappi-50713.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418012341/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/dec/26/aha-tamil-announces-new-filmsevappi-50713.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> The film was written and directed by M S Raaja.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sevappi OTT release date - Aha Tamil's original film to be out on THIS date; check out new teaser |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sevappi-ott-release-date-aha-tamils-original-film-to-be-out-on-this-date-check-out-new-teaser/632907f5c5622 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141725/https://www.ottplay.com/news/sevappi-ott-release-date-aha-tamils-original-film-to-be-out-on-this-date-check-out-new-teaser/632907f5c5622 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2023 |title=ஆஹா தளத்தில் வெளியாகும் 'செவப்பி'! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1176289-sevappi-to-release-on-aha.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103125802/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1176289-sevappi-to-release-on-aha.html |archive-date=3 January 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai}}</ref> Rajeshwar Kalisamy and Prasanna Balachandran produced the film under the banner of Erumugal Network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=1 January 2024 |title=Aha Tamil releases first look of Sevappi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jan/01/aha-tamil-releases-first-look-of-sevappi-50835.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141444/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jan/01/aha-tamil-releases-first-look-of-sevappi-50835.html |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> Rishikanth and [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 7|''Bigg Boss Tamil'' season 7]] fame [[Poornima Ravi]] were cast in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2023 |title=ஹீரோயினாக அறிமுகமாகும் பிக்பாஸ் பூர்ணிமா.. ஆஹா ஓடிடி தளத்தில் ரிலீஸாகும் படம்! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-7-tamil-poornima-acted-heroine-as-sevappi-movie-release-on-aha-ott-158033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226122945/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-7-tamil-poornima-acted-heroine-as-sevappi-movie-release-on-aha-ott-158033 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=tamil.abplive.com}}</ref> A. Praveen Kumar composed the music of the film. Manoharan M handled the cinematography and editing was done by Vachu Lakshmin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=7 January 2024 |title=Aha Tamil's Sevappi gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Jan/07/aha-tamils-sevappi-gets-a-release-date-51024.html |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The entire film was shot in just 27 days in Madhipalayam, a village between [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. During the pre-production stage, director Raaja and his team discovered that many villagers were very much interested in acting, upon which the villagers were given an opportunity to act in this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2023 |title=பிக்பாஸ் பூர்ணிமா நடித்துள்ள முதல் படம்! ரிலீஸ் எப்போது தெரியுமா? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/bigg-boss-poornima-ravi-starring-sevappi-movie-releasing-on-aha-tamil-for-pongal-479807 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228045502/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/bigg-boss-poornima-ravi-starring-sevappi-movie-releasing-on-aha-tamil-for-pongal-479807 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack was composed by A. Praveen Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2023 |title=Bigg Boss Tamil Fame Poornima Ravi Shines In Sevappi Poster, Promises A Heartwarming Tale |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-poornima-ravi-shines-in-sevappi-poster-promises-a-heartwarming-tale-8719037.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106030610/https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-poornima-ravi-shines-in-sevappi-poster-promises-a-heartwarming-tale-8719037.html |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=News18}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Sevappi'' was premiered on streaming service [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]] on 12 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=பிக்பாஸ் பூர்ணிமாவுக்கு கிடைத்த ஹீரோயின் சான்ஸ்... முதல் படத்திலேயே இந்தியன் 2 பட நடிகருக்கு ஜோடியா? |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/biggboss-poornima-ravi-debut-as-heroine-in-sevappi-movie-gan-s699px |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141443/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/biggboss-poornima-ravi-debut-as-heroine-in-sevappi-movie-gan-s699px |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Narayani M of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film with 3/5 stars and wrote the film is "an endearing ode to love for animals, mothers and uncles".<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=12 January 2024 |title=Sevappi Movie Review: An endearing ode to love for animals, mothers and uncles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jan/12/sevappi-movie-review-an-endearing-ode-to-love-for-animals-mothers-and-uncles-51175.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922142012/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Jan/12/sevappi-movie-review-an-endearing-ode-to-love-for-animals-mothers-and-uncles-51175.html |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|tt30828158}}

[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Fictional films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films about mother–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Starfish (2023 film)

2026-03-02T04:43:38Z

Mvjceng: made data

{{Short description|Indian Hindi language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| director = [[Akhilesh Jaiswal]]
| image = Starfish 2023 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*[[Bhushan Kumar]]
*[[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
}}
| based_on = {{Based on|''Starfish Pickle''|Bina Nayak}}
| screenplay = Akhilesh Jaiswal Aditya Bhatnagar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Khushalii Kumar]]
* [[Milind Soman]]
* [[Ehan Bhat]]
* Tushar Khanna
}}
| cinematography = Jim Edgar
| editing = Manan Sagar
| music = '''Songs:''' OAFF–Savera Khaalif–[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] [[Manan Bhardwaj]] [[Sachet–Parampara]] '''Score:''' [[Amar Mohile]]
| studio = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|11|24}}
| runtime = 119 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/starfish-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde4ody1 |title=''Starfish'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118102334/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/starfish-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde4ody1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = {{INR}}0.10 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/starfish/box-office/|title=Starfish Box Office Collection | India | Day Wise | Box Office - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=24 November 2023|access-date=26 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226125109/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/starfish/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Starfish''''' is an Indian Hindi language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[Akhilesh Jaiswal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Starfish - Official Teaser {{!}} Hindi Movie News - Bollywood - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/starfish-official-teaser/videoshow/104692918.cms |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028003545/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/starfish-official-teaser/videoshow/104692918.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2023-11-24 |title=Starfish Movie: Review {{!}} Release Date (2023) {{!}} Songs {{!}} Music {{!}} Images {{!}} Official Trailers {{!}} Videos {{!}} Photos {{!}} News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/starfish/ |access-date=2023-10-28 |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028100535/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/starfish/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]] under [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] Productions, the film stars [[Khushalii Kumar]], [[Milind Soman]], [[Ehan Bhat]], [[Vidya Malvade]] and Tusharr Khanna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Makers of Starfish unveil new poster |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/oct/21/makers-of-starfish-unveil-new-poster-48821.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=21 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028100537/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/oct/21/makers-of-starfish-unveil-new-poster-48821.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-24 |title=Makers of the upcoming film starring Khushalii Kumar, Milind Soman, Tusharr Khanna, and Ehan Bhat unveiled the teaser of the movie, 'Starfish.' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makers-of-the-upcoming-film-starring-khushalii-kumar-milind-soman-tusharr-khanna-and-ehan-bhat-unveiled-the-teaser-of-the-movie-starfish-/articleshow/104674649.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027173136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makers-of-the-upcoming-film-starring-khushalii-kumar-milind-soman-tusharr-khanna-and-ehan-bhat-unveiled-the-teaser-of-the-movie-starfish-/articleshow/104674649.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was theatrically released on 24 November 2023.<ref name="rd">{{cite news |title='Starfish' Trailer Reveals Oceanic Drama: Premieres November 24, 2023 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/starfish-trailer-reveals-oceanic-drama-premieres-november-24-2023-1503241371.html |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123084348/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/starfish-trailer-reveals-oceanic-drama-premieres-november-24-2023-1503241371.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
''Starfish'' follows an extraordinary diver who works in a dredging company but is haunted by incidents from her past. Tara Salgaonkar is an expert diver who works for Martin's dredging company. She is often seen getting affected by certain past events. These episodes seem to be in bits and pieces which traumatise her and Tara is on a mission to find answers of some unanswered questions. When she does meet her mother Sukanya's friend, Daksh Ajit Singh, she is shocked to learn something about her mom who had died by suicide. Will she be able to confront her enigmatic past and unearth truths that she is not ready to accept?

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Khushalii Kumar]] as Tara Salgaonkar<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-16 |title=Khushalii Kumar wraps up shooting for 'Starfish' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/khushalii-kumar-wraps-up-shooting-for-starfish/articleshow/104459632.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028100535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/khushalii-kumar-wraps-up-shooting-for-starfish/articleshow/104459632.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Milind Soman]] as Arlo<ref>{{cite news |title=Milind Soman and Khushalii Kumar starrer Starfish trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/nov/16/milind-soman-and-khushalii-kumar-starrerstarfishtrailer-out-49610.html |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122231234/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/nov/16/milind-soman-and-khushalii-kumar-starrerstarfishtrailer-out-49610.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Ehan Bhat]] as Neil<ref>{{cite news |title=EXCLUSIVE! Khushalii Kumar & Ehan Bhat talk about their film Starfish |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/interviews/exclusive-khushalii-kumar-ehan-bhat-talk-about-their-film-starfish-video-105364299 |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=20 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123084349/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/interviews/exclusive-khushalii-kumar-ehan-bhat-talk-about-their-film-starfish-video-105364299 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Tushar Khanna as Aman Sharma<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Starfish: Tusharr Khanna Begins Shooting For His Film In Malta |url=https://www.missmalini.com/2023/03/22/starfish-tusharr-khanna-begins-shooting-for-his-film-in-malta |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=MissMalini |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028100535/https://www.missmalini.com/2023/03/22/starfish-tusharr-khanna-begins-shooting-for-his-film-in-malta |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Pawan Shankar]] as Martin
* [[Vidya Malvade]] as Sukanya Salgaonkar
* Jagat Singh Rawat as Tara’s father
* Leslie Fernandes as Daksh Ajit Singh
* Nikhat Khan as Tara’s grandmother
* Sambhav Jain as Kabir
* Baby Adiba Hussain as Young Tara
* Luciano Ellul as David
* Peter McLean as Jax
* Catalin Bindu as Henry}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Starfish
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = OAFF–Savera, Khaalif–[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Manan Bhardwaj]] and [[Sachet–Parampara]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 22 November 2023
| recorded = 2022–23
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| language = Hindi
| length = 24:09
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
}}

The song ''Kudiye Ni Tere'' remake of the 2011 Punjabi song [[Brown Rang]] by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 24:09
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Fanaa Kar Lo
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| lyrics1 = Ankur Tewari
| music1 = OAFF–Savera
| length1 = 3:09
| title2 = Kudiye Ni Tere
| extra2 = Yo Yo Honey Singh, Harjot Kaur
| lyrics2 = Yo Yo Honey Singh, Mellow D
| music2 = Khaalif–[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
| length2 = 4:09
| title3 = Madhaniyan
| extra3 = Manan Bhardwaj
| lyrics3 = Manan Bhardwaj
| music3 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]]
| length3 = 3:35
| title4 = Kya Humne Socha Tha
| extra4 = OAFF, [[Nikhil D'Souza]], [[Tulsi Kumar]]
| lyrics4 = Medha Sahi
| music4 = OAFF
| length4 = 3:10
| title5 = Hold On
| extra5 = OAFF, Savera, Lothika
| lyrics5 = OAFF, Savera
| music5 = OAFF–Savera
| length5 = 2:59
| title6 = Bairaage
| extra6 = [[Sachet–Parampara|Sachet Tandon]], [[Sachet–Parampara|Parampara Tandon]]
| lyrics6 = [[Kumaar]]
| music6 = [[Sachet–Parampara]]
| length6 = 3:32
| title7 = Yaad Ban Gaye
| extra7 = Tulsi Kumar & Manan Bhardwaj
| lyrics7 = Manan Bhardwaj
| music7 = Manan Bhradwaj
| length7 = 3:35
}}

==Reception==
Samarth Goyal of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote,"Akhilesh Jaiswal's Starfish, an adaptation of Bina Nayak's acclaimed novel Starfish Pickle, attempts to explore the depths of human emotions but unfortunately, the cinematic voyage encounters turbulent waters due to a choppy narrative, impulsive editing, and a screenplay that feels lethargic at best."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/starfish-movie-review-khushalii-kumar-milind-soman-choppy-narrative-impulsive-editing-101700838964587.html|title=Starfish movie review: Khushalii Kumar, Milind Soman's cinematic voyage suffers from choppy narrative, impulsive editing|date=24 November 2023|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108080624/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/starfish-movie-review-khushalii-kumar-milind-soman-choppy-narrative-impulsive-editing-101700838964587.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5, writing, "Starfish is a mixed bag. The restrain in the storytelling has mostly been done to give the film a brooding mood, but it needed more moments of liveliness and spirit. It needed as much depth as the sea it shows, and as much spark as the name of the central character. But only for the beautiful and breathtaking locales and the severely underrated and underutilized Milind Soman, the film almost manages to sail through. Hallelujah it didn't drown."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/starfish-movie-review-khushalii-kumars-film-is-beautifully-shot-but-needed-to-dig-deeper-13426402.html|title=Milind Soman and Khushalii Kumar's 'Starfish' movie review|date=24 November 2023|website=Firstpost|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211233752/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/starfish-movie-review-khushalii-kumars-film-is-beautifully-shot-but-needed-to-dig-deeper-13426402.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was theatrically released on 24 November 2023.<ref name="rd"/>

=== Home media ===
The film was digitally released on [[Netflix]] on 19 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/khushalii-kumar-starrer-starfish-drops-netflix/|title=Khushalii Kumar starrer Starfish drops on Netflix|date=19 January 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama t|access-date=19 January 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119145042/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/khushalii-kumar-starrer-starfish-drops-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id}}

[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films featuring underwater diving]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malta]]
[[Category:Films set in Malta]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Ethan Vaz

2026-02-28T11:30:35Z

Mvjceng:

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 2011)}}
{{Infobox chess biography
| name = Ethan Vaz
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2011|09|03|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Raia, Goa]], India
| title = [[International Master]] (2024)
| peakrating = 2522 (March 2026)
| FideID = 25940783
}}
'''Ethan Vaz''' (born 3 September 2011) is an Indian chess player who holds the title of [[International Master]]. A [[chess prodigy]], he achieved the International Master title at the age of 12, becoming the youngest player in the world to hold the title at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-05 |title=Chess: Ethan becomes youngest IM in his current age group, sets eyes on GM title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/chess-ethan-becomes-youngest-im-in-his-current-age-group-sets-eyes-on-gm-title/articleshow/106553813.cms |access-date=2025-05-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Herald |date=2024-01-04 |title=Ethan Vaz is world's youngest IM |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/sports/ethan-vaz-is-world%E2%80%99s-youngest-im-/216115 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, he won five medals at the Western Asia Youth Chess Championships.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-04-30 |title=Ethan wins five medals at Western Asia Youth Chess |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/ethan-wins-five-medals-at-western-asia-youth-chess/articleshow/120740397.cms |access-date=2025-05-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He played against fellow prodigy [[Tanitoluwa Adewumi]] in the ''Checkmate: USA vs India'' exhibition event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Svensen |first=Tarjei J. |date=2025-05-01 |title=Gukesh Vs. Nakamura Headlines USA-India Chess Match At Esports Stadium |url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/gukesh-nakamura-usa-india-showdown-esports-stadium |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Colodro |first=Carlos Alberto |date=2025-10-07 |title=USA v. India at Esports Stadium: A 5-0 clean sweep for Team USA |url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/checkmate-usa-india-2025-live-2 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=ChessBase |language=en}}</ref>

== Chess career ==
Ethan started playing chess in 2017, at the age of 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=12-year-old Becomes Youngest Chess International Master |url=https://www.robinage.com/12-year-old-becomes-youngest-chess-international-master/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=RobinAge |language=en-US}}</ref> Following a hiatus from tournaments for over two years due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], he resumed play in 2022 and rapidly gained rating. He earned his first International Master [[Norm (chess)|norm]] at the Sharjah Masters in August 2023. He earned his second norm three months later in November, and his final norm on January 3, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shahid |date=2024-01-06 |title=Ethan Vaz becomes the eighth International Master from Goa - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Ethan-Vaz-becomes-the-latest-International-Master-from-Goa |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=ChessBase India}}</ref>

In September 2024, he won the gold medal in the under-16 category of the [[Commonwealth Chess Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Souza |first=Walwyn D' |date=2024-09-05 |title=Ethan clinches gold at Commonwealth Chess Championships |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/sports/ethan-clinches-gold-at-commonwealth-chess-championships/413026 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{fide|id=25940783|name=Ethan Vaz}}
* {{Chessgames player|195325|Ethan Vaz}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Ethan}}
[[Category:Chess International Masters]]
[[Category:2011 births]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Goa]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

Bombardment of Madras

2026-02-25T20:49:30Z

Mvjceng:

{{Short description|1914 engagement of World War I}}
{{for|the earlier French bombardment in 1746|Battle of Madras}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Bombardment of Madras
|partof = the [[Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I]]
|image=Bombardment of Madras by S.S. Emden 1914.jpg
|image_size=300px
|caption=Oil tanks on fire in the harbour following the bombardment of Madras by SMS ''Emden''
|date=22 September 1914
|place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]]
|result=German victory
|combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px|British India}}
|combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]]
|commander1=Unknown
|commander2={{flagicon|German Empire|naval}} [[Karl von Müller]]
|strength1=Unknown
|strength2=Light cruiser {{SMS|Emden|1906|2}}
|casualties1=1 steamer sunk 5 killed 26 wounded
|casualties2=None
|notes=
}}
{{campaignbox Asian and Pacific Campaign}}
{{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}}
The '''bombardment of Madras''' was an engagement of the [[World War I|First World War]], at [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[British Raj|British India]]. The bombardment was initiated by the [[German Empire|German]] [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Emden (1908)|''Emden'']] at the outset of the war in 1914.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rangan | last=Datta |title=108 years of Emden – the only World War I attack on India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/emden-attack-a-german-cruiser-that-rocked-madras-india-during-world-war-i-in-september-1914/cid/1888328 | newspaper=The Telegraph | location=India | date=23 September 2022 | access-date=29 March 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Emden Plaque Madras.jpg|thumb|right|Emden Plaque at [[Madras High Court]], Chennai,[[Chennai|Madras]]]]
With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the [[Chennai Port|Madras harbour]] area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}}

Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with a wicked intent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saini |first=Ajay |date=2020-02-22 |title=How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece |access-date=2022-07-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India}}

== References and external links ==
*{{cite book|last1=Keegan|first1=John| author-link = John Keegan|title=Intelligence in War|date=October 2004|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=0-375-70046-3|edition=1}}
*''The Last Corsair: The Story of The Emden'' by [[Dan van der Vat]], 1984. {{ISBN|0-586-06265-3}}
*''The Last Gentleman of War. The Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' by R. K. Lochner, [[Naval Institute Press]]:. 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}
*''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True WWI Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew'' by [[Edwin Palmer Hoyt]], Globe Pequot Press, 2001 {{ISBN|978-1-58574-382-7}}
*{{cite book
|title=The Emden
|author=[[Hellmuth von Mücke]], Helene Schimmelfennig White
|year=1917
|publisher=Ritter
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPUMAAAAYAAJ&q=hellmuth+von+m%C3%BCcke+emden
}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor]
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times'': "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", 11 November 1914 a PDF of ''NYT''{{'s}} report on ''Emden''{{'s}} sinking along with some praise for its captain.]
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times'': "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a ''NYT'' article dated 13 April 1921]
*{{cite magazine
|title=Junk-Emden
|date=1929-05-06
|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027181703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=27 October 2010
|access-date=2008-08-08
}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160505013839/http://fregatte-emden.de/ Cruisers EMDEN, Frigates EMDEN - 5 warships named EMDEN until today] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/emden.html World War I Naval Combat]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080116052635/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/mhq/7557922.html Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the ''Emden'' During World War I]
*[https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece How German cruiser ‘Emden’ struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word. The Hindu. 23 February 2020.]

== Further reading ==

* Frame, Tom. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YY6CN8wAk4AC&dq=emden+empress+of+australia&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy'']. Sydney: [[Allen & Unwin]] {{ISBN|978-1-74114-233-4}} (paper)
*Hoehling, A. A. '' Lonely Command a Documentary'' Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957.
*Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-58574-382-8}}.
*Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of ''Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden''. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928.
*Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}.
*McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7701-0116-X}}.
*Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-873-9}}.
*Schmalenbach, Paul ''German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-87021-824-7}}.
*Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War: The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden''. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. {{ISBN|0-688-03115-3}}
*Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-55750-456-3}}.

{{World War I}}
{{Chennai Topics}}
{{coord missing|Chennai}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madras, Bombardment of}}
[[Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany]]
[[Category:India in World War I]]
[[Category:Burmah-Castrol]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1914]]
[[Category:September 1914 in Asia]]
[[Category:Naval bombing operations and battles of World War I]]
[[Category:Ship fires]]
[[Category:20th century in Chennai]]
[[Category:Military history of the Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Gas explosions in India]]
[[Category:Naval history of India]]
[[Category:Vehicle fires in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on energy sector]]

Tapaswini Express

2026-02-25T18:37:51Z

Mvjceng: made a stub

{{Italic title}}{{Short description|Train in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Tapaswini Express
| image=
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] & [[Jharkhand]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1998|08|15}}
| last =
| operator = [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| start = {{rws|Puri}} (PURI)
| stops = 22
| end = {{rws|Hatia}} (HTE)
| distance = {{convert|690|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 14 hours 30 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC First class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved,
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}} (Broad Gauge)
| el =
| trainnumber = 18451 / 18452
| speed = {{convert|55|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts
| map = [[File:Tapaswini Express (Puri - Hatia) Route map.png|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 18451 / 18452 '''Tapaswini Express''' is daily [[Express trains in India|Express]] train between [[Hatia]] and [[Puri]]. The train was the first Express train to be introduced with a route via [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Dhenkanal]], [[Talcher]], [[Sambalpur]]. 18451UP departs Hatia at 15:55 and reaches Puri at 07:15 every day. The 18452DN departs Puri at 20:00 and reaches Hatia at 11:05 every day.

This train is named after famous Odia book ''Tapaswini'' written by 19th century Odia poet Swabhabkabi [[Gangadhar Meher]].

==Route & halts ==

* '''PURI – Puri'''
* KUR – Khurda Road Junction
* BBS – Bhubaneswar
* CTC – Cuttack Junction
* DNKL – Dhenkanal
* TLHR – Talcher (train reverses direction)
* ANGL – Angul
* BONA – Boinda
* RAIR – Rairakhol
* SBP – Sambalpur Junction (train reverses direction)
* RGL – Rengali
* JSG – Jharsuguda Junction
* BMB – Bamra
* GP – Rajgangpur
* ROU – Rourkela Junction
* NXN - Nuagaon
* ORGA – Orga
* BANO – Bano
* GBX – Govindpur Road
* '''HTE – Hatia'''

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 18451 || HTE || Hatia || 3:55 PM || Daily || Puri || 7:35 AM || Daily (next day)
|-
| 18452 || PURI || Puri || 8:00 PM || Daily || Hatia || 11:05 AM || Daily (next day)
|}

==Coach composition==
The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 130 kmph.

* 1 AC I Tier
* 2 AC II Tier
* 7 AC III Tier
* 6 Sleeper coaches
* 4 General
* 1 Second-class Luggage/parcel van
* 1 Generator Car
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 18
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 19
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 20
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 21
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 22
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||H1||A1||A2||B1||B2||B3||B4||B5||B6||B7||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||S6||GEN||GEN||GEN||GEN||SLR
|}

==Direction reversal==
The train reverses its direction twice at;
* {{stnlnk|Talcher}}
* {{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}.

==Traction==
As the route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam Loco Shed]] / [[Electric Loco Shed, Tatanagar|Tatanagar Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from end to end.

==See also==

*[[Bokaro Steel City–Bhubaneswar Garib Rath Express]]
*[[List of named passenger trains in India]]
*[[Express trains in India]]
*[[Indian Railways coaching stock]]
*[[Hatia railway station]]
*[[Puri railway station]]
*[[Talcher Road railway station]]
*{{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/1615 India Rail Info page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tapaswini Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Ranchi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Puri]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1998]]

Dioscorea bulbifera

2026-02-21T18:56:41Z

Mvjceng: refined layout additionally to improve readability

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the yam family}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Dioscorea bulbifera at Kadavoor.jpg
|genus = Dioscorea
|species = bulbifera
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=POWO>{{cite POWO |title=''Dioscorea bulbifera'' L. |id=323908-2 |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
|synonyms =
{{Species list | hidden=yes
| Helmia bulbifera | (L.) Kunth
| Polynome bulbifera | (L.) Salisb.
| Dioscorea anthropophagorum | A.Chev.
| Dioscorea crispata | Roxb.
| Dioscorea heterophylla | Roxb.
| Dioscorea hoffa | Cordem.
| Dioscorea hofika | Jum. & H.Perrier
| Dioscorea korrorensis | R.Knuth
| Dioscorea latifolia | Benth.
| Dioscorea longipetiolata | Baudon
| Dioscorea perrieri | R.Knuth
| Dioscorea pulchella | Roxb.
| Dioscorea rogersii | Prain & Burkill
| Dioscorea tamifolia | Salisb.
| Dioscorea tenuiflora | Schltdl.
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
}}

'''''Dioscorea bulbifera''''' (commonly known as the '''air potato''', '''air yam''', '''bitter yam''', '''cheeky yam''', '''potato yam''',<ref name=NTBG/> '''aerial yam''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | access-date = 2022-02-22}}</ref> and '''parsnip yam''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2894865|title=Dioscorea bulbifera var. elongata (F.M.Bailey) Prain & Burkill: Parsnip Yam|website=Atlas of Living Australia|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> is a species of true [[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] in the yam family, [[Dioscoreaceae]]. It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. It is widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many regions.

==Description==
[[File:Leiden University Library - Seikei Zusetsu vol. 22, page 031 - 黄獨 - Dioscorea bulbifera L., 1804.jpg|thumb|''D. bulbifera'' L. from the Japanese [[Seikei Zusetsu]] agricultural encyclopedia]]

''Dioscorea bulbifera'' is a [[perennial]] vine with broad, alternate leaves, and two types of [[storage organ]]s. The plant forms [[bulbil]]s in the leaf axils of the twining stems, and [[tuber]]s beneath the ground. These tubers are like small, oblong potatoes.

Air potato can grow extremely quickly, roughly {{convert|8|in|cm|order=flip}} per day, and eventually reach over {{convert|60|ft|order=flip}} long.<ref>[http://texasinvasives.org/plant_database/detail.php?symbol=DIBU Invasives Database, TexasInvasives.org, Dioscorea bulbifera]</ref> It typically climbs to the tops of trees and has a tendency to take over [[native plant]]s. New plants develop from bulbils that form on the plant, and these bulbils serve as a means of [[biological dispersal|dispersal]]. The aerial [[plant stem|stems]] of air potato die back in winter, but [[resprouting]] occurs from bulbils and underground tubers.

The primary means of spread and [[plant reproduction|reproduction]] are by the bulbils. The smallest bulbils make control of air potato difficult due to their ability to sprout at a very small stage. The vine produces small white flowers; however, these are rarely seen when it grows in places such as Florida. The fruits are capsules.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200028093 Flora of North America, ''Dioscorea bulbifera'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1033. 1753. ]</ref>

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Dioscorea bulbifera (Corm).jpg|Corm (tuber)
|Dioscorea bulbifera shoot.jpg|Shoot
|Dioscorea bulbifera bulb.jpg|[[Bulbil]]s
}}

==Distribution and habitat==
It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia.<ref name=POWO/> It is widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many regions (Latin America, the West Indies, the southeastern United States, and various oceanic islands).<ref name=POWO/>

It has been observed growing in habitats such as along forest edges, roadsides, as well as other environments with mesic, loamy sand.<ref>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2023. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W. C. Brumbach, Robert K. Godfrey, and Richard S. Mitchell. States and counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, and Wakulla.</ref>

==As an invasive species==
In some places, such as Florida, it is considered a [[noxious weed]] because of its quick-growing, large-leafed vine that spreads tenaciously and shades out any plants growing beneath it. The bulbils on the vines sprout and become new vines, twisting around each other to form a thick mat. If the plant is cut to the ground, the tubers can survive for extended periods and send up new [[Shoot (botany)|shoot]]s later.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air potato takes over |work=The Nature Conservancy |url=http://www.nature.org/initiatives/invasivespecies/misc/airpotato.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515104755/http://www.nature.org/initiatives/invasivespecies/misc/airpotato.html |archive-date=May 15, 2007 |access-date=February 10, 2013 }}</ref>

The [[leaf beetle]] ''[[Lilioceris cheni]]'' has been studied and employed as an agent of [[biological pest control]] for the plant, with releases in 2012.<ref name=usda>[https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Lilioceris-airpotato.pdf Field release of ''Lilioceris cheni'' Gressit & Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for biological control of air potato, ''Dioscorea bulbifera'' (Dioscoreaceae), in the continental United States: Environmental Assessment.] USDA. 2011.</ref><ref name=miami>Morgan, C. [http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/09/21/3014684/in-south-florida-a-tiny-new-weapon.html In South Florida, a tiny new weapon against the invasive potato vine.] ''Miami Herald'' September 21, 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005195735/http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/09/21/3014684/in-south-florida-a-tiny-new-weapon.html |date=October 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Toxicity==
Uncultivated forms, such as those found growing wild in Florida, can be poisonous. These varieties contain the [[steroid]] [[diosgenin]], which is a principal material used in the manufacture of a number of [[Chemical synthesis|synthetic]] [[steroid hormones|steroidal]] [[hormone]]s, such as those used in [[hormonal contraception]].<ref name=NTBG>{{cite web |title=Meet the plants: ''Dioscorea bulbifera'' |publisher=[[National Tropical Botanical Garden]] |url=http://www.ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=4171 |access-date=2007-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116175549/http://www.ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=4171 |archive-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> There have been claims<ref>{{cite web|title=Pest Plants, Air Potato: ''Dioscorea bulbifera'' |date=Jan 2010 |work=WalterReeves.com |url=http://www.walterreeves.com/landscaping/article.phtml?cat=10&id=33 |access-date=2010-01-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112093511/http://www.walterreeves.com/landscaping/article.phtml?cat=10&id=33 |archive-date=2006-11-12 }}</ref> that even the wild forms are rendered edible after drying and boiling, leading to confusion over actual [[toxicity]].

==Uses==
Some varieties produce edible tubers and are [[plant cultivation|cultivated]] as a food [[crop]], especially in [[West Africa]]. The tubers of edible varieties often have a bitter taste, which can be removed by boiling. They can then be prepared in the same way as other yams, potatoes, and [[sweet potato]]es.

Air potato has been used as a [[home remedy|folk remedy]] to treat [[conjunctivitis]], [[diarrhoea]], and [[dysentery]], among other ailments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duke |first=J. A. |author2=Judith L. DuCellier |title=Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tg7R4hU8hkC |year=1993 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-3620-1}}</ref>

''D. bulbifera'' is highly important to the [[Tiwi people]] of Australia, who use it in an important ceremony called ''kulama''. During the ceremony, the tubers are ritually cooked, and eaten on the third day.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Prance |editor1-first=Ghillean |editor2-last=Nesbitt |editor2-first=Mark |last1=Pieroni |first1=Andrea |author-link=Andrea Pieroni (ethnobotanist) |date=2005 |title=The Cultural History of Plants |publisher=Routledge |page=36 |isbn=0415927463}}</ref>

It is known as the '''up-yam''' in [[Nigerian Pidgin English]], since the plant is cultivated more for its bulbils than for its tubers.<ref name="AfricanPast">{{Cite book|title=Archaeology, language, and the African past|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Altamira Press|year=2006|isbn=9780759104655}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia]]
*[[Yam production in Nigeria]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Van Wyk, Ben-Erik (2005). ''Food Plants of the World''. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. {{ISBN|0-88192-743-0}}
* [http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/node/133 ''Dioscorea bulbifera''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124185502/http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/node/133 |date=2012-01-24 }} University of Florida.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{WestAfricanPlants|Dioscorea bulbifera}}
* [https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/terrestrial/plants/air-potato Species Profile - Air Potato (''Dioscorea bulbifera'')], National Invasive Species Information Center, [[United States National Agricultural Library]]. Lists general information and resources for Air Potato.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q311239}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dioscorea bulbifera}}
[[Category:Dioscorea|bulbifera]]
[[Category:Flora of Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of tropical Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Perennial vegetables]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Yams (vegetable)]]
[[Category:Austronesian agriculture]]

Agra Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-19T02:45:11Z

Mvjceng:

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Agra {{Small|UP-18}}
| established = 1952-present
|electors = 20,72,622<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2024 |title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases |agency=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=25 May 2024 |number=ECI/PN/102/2024 |first=Anuj |last=Chandak |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image = SPS Baghel MoS Health.jpg
| mp = [[S. P. Singh Baghel]]
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Agra.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Agra Lok Sabha constituency
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Etmadpur Assembly constituency|Etmadpur]] [[Agra Cantonment Assembly constituency|Agra Cantt.]] [[Agra South Assembly constituency|Agra South]] [[Agra North Assembly constituency|Agra North]] [[Jalesar Assembly constituency|Jalesar - Awagarh]]
}}
'''Agra Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|aːgɾaː}}) is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Agra Lok Sabha constituency comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments.
{|class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
!colspan="2"| 2024 Lead
|-
|86
|[[Etmadpur Assembly constituency|Etmadpur]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Agra district|Agra]]
|[[Dharampal Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|87
|[[Agra Cantonment Assembly constituency|Agra Cantt.]] (SC)
|[[Girraj Singh Dharmesh]]
|-
|88
|[[Agra South Assembly constituency|Agra South]]
|[[Yogendra Upadhyaya]]
|-
|89
|[[Agra North Assembly constituency|Agra North]]
|[[Purshottam Khandelwal]]
|-
|106
|[[Jalesar Assembly constituency|Jalesar]] (SC)
|[[Etah]]
|[[Sanjeev Kumar Diwakar]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{cite news |title=Agra Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/agra-lok-sabha |work=Result University |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=1 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701074847/https://resultuniversity.com/election/agra-lok-sabha |archive-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|rowspan="5" |[[Seth Achal Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]
|[[Shambhu Nath Chaturvedi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Nihal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
|[[Ajay Singh (diplomat)|Ajay Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Bhagwan Shankar Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Raj Babbar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Shankar Katheria]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]
|rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Singh Baghel]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2024|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== General election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: Agra<ref>{{cite news |title=Agra Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/agra |work=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=1 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701074634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/agra |archive-date=1 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[S. P. Singh Baghel]]|votes=5,99,397|percentage=53.34|change={{down}}3.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Suresh Chand Kardam|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=3,28,103|percentage=29.20|change={{up}}29.20}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pooja Amrohi|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,76,474|percentage=15.70|change={{down}}22.31}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=7,014|percentage=0.62|change={{up}}0.11}}
{{Election box majority||votes= 2,71,294 |percentage=24.14|change={{up}}5.67}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,23,779|percentage=54.22|change={{down}}4.90}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Agra<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[S. P. Singh Baghel]]
|votes = 6,46,875
|percentage = 56.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prof. Manoj Kumar Soni
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,35,329
|percentage = 38.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Preeta Harit
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 45,149
|percentage = 3.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 5,817
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,11,546
|percentage = 18.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,45,629
|percentage = 59.12
|change = +0.14
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Agra<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ram Shankar Katheria]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 5,83,716
|percentage = 54.53
|change = +23.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Narayan Singh Suman
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,83,453
|percentage = 26.48
|change = -3.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Maharaj Singh Dhangar
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,34,708
|percentage = 12.58
|change = -9.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Upendra Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 34,834
|percentage = 3.25
|change = -11.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ravindra Singh
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 7,804
|percentage = 0.73
|change = +0.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 5,191
|percentage = 0.48
|change = +0.48
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,00,263
|percentage = 28.05
|change = +26.55
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,70,405
|percentage = 58.98
|change = +16.96
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +23.05
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2009 ===
Percentage changes are based on numbers from the 2004 elections.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Agra<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ram Shankar Katheria]]
|votes = 2,03,697
|percentage = 31.48
|change = +2.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kunwar Chand (Vakil)
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,93,982
|percentage = 29.98
|change = +2.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ram Ji Lal Suman]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,41,367
|percentage = 21.85
|change = -15.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Prabhu Dayal Katheria|Prabhudayal Katheria]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 93,373
|percentage = 14.43
|change = +12.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Diwakar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,571
|percentage = 0.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ganeshi Lal Mahaur
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,560
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vinod Kumar Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,454
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|candidate = Vivek Chauhan Valmiki
|party = Rashtiya Samta Dal
|votes = 1,236
|percentage = 0.19
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rakesh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,215
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dr. Chandrapal
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,093
|percentage = 0.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Ramesh
|party = Jai Bharat Samanta Party
|votes = 1,070
|percentage = 0.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,715
|percentage = 1.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,47,090
|percentage = 42.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Agra<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = [[Raj Babbar]]
| votes = 2,43,094
| percentage = 37.82
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Murari Lal Mittal
| votes = 1,85,752
| percentage = 28.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Keshav Prasad Dixit
|votes = 1,74,149
|percentage = 27.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Surendra Singh
|votes = 14,483
|percentage = 2.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Rashtriya Hamara Dal|RHD]]
|candidate = Sayed Irfan Ahmad
|votes = 12,346
|percentage = 1.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 57,342
| percentage = 8.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 6,42,719
| percentage = 44.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Samajwadi Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Agra district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Agra (Graduates constituency)]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Agra Division topics}}
{{Coord|27.18|78.01|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Agra district]]

Christopher Nicholas Smith

2026-02-18T01:40:30Z

Mvjceng: done!

{{Short description|American actor}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Christopher Nicholas Smith 2013.jpg
| caption = Smith in 2013
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2006–present
}}

'''Christopher Nicholas Smith'''  is an American television and film actor. He is best known for playing Dennis in the 2011 horror movie ''[[Paranormal Activity 3]]''. He also played Josh Merit in the 2017 [[romantic comedy]] film [[Non-Transferable (film)|''Non-Transferable'']].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nontransferable transfers the love in this modern Internet age|url=http://hollywoodpresscorps.com/nontransferable-transfers-the-love-in-this-modern-internet-age/|accessdate=March 22, 2017|work=Hollywood Press Corps|date=February 15, 2017}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Smith starred as Potiphar in the [[Chaminade High School]] production of ''Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'' alongside future Broadway powerhouse actor Jason Zammit, who put on a masterful performance as Joseph. Smith attended [[New York University|NYU's]] [[Tisch School of the Arts]] and trained at the [[Atlantic Theater Company]] acting school in New York City. Smith is the founder, head writer and principal performer of the sketch comedy troupe [[Harvard Sailing Team]].

Smith's first real acting gig was in a short movie produced by Tisch School of the Arts titled ''I Killed Zoe Day''.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1555010/ I Killed Zoe Day @IMDb]</ref> He had a small role in the drama, ''[[Little Children (film)|Little Children]]''. He made his television debut in 2009 in the third season of ''[[30 Rock]]'' in an episode titled "[[Goodbye, My Friend]]", where he played Tim. He later joined [[ESPN]]'s ''Mayne Street'', a web comedy series starring sports journalist [[Kenny Mayne]]. He made guest appearances on ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]'', ''[[The Mindy Project]]'' and ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]''.

In 2011, he was cast in ''[[Paranormal Activity 3]]''. He was also cast in the political thriller ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=McNary|first=Dave|title='Paranormal' thesp joins 'Fundamentalist' cast|url=https://variety.com/2011/film/news/paranormal-thesp-joins-fundamentalist-cast-1118045119/|accessdate=September 14, 2013|newspaper=Variety|date=October 26, 2011}}</ref> In 2013, he appeared in the film ''[[Enough Said (film)|Enough Said]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dionne|first=Zach|title=Paranormal Activity 3's Chris Smith Joins James Gandolfini, Julia Louis-Dreyfus Film|url=http://www.vulture.com/2012/07/paranormal-activity-3-chris-smith-joins-film.html|accessdate=September 14, 2013|newspaper=Vulture|date=July 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005002305/http://www.vulture.com/2012/07/paranormal-activity-3-chris-smith-joins-film.html|archive-date=October 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013, he was cast in a [[CBS]] [[television pilot]] ''Ex-Men'' (renamed to ''[[We Are Men]]'')<ref>{{cite news|last=Lyons|first=Margaret|title=Paranormal Activity 3 Star Lands CBS Sitcom|url=http://www.vulture.com/2012/07/chris-smith-paranormal-activity-ex-men.html|accessdate=September 14, 2013|newspaper=Vulture|date=July 25, 2012}}</ref> which was then picked to series and cancelled after two episodes.<ref>{{cite news|title='We Are Men' preview: Jerry O'Connell and Tony Shalhoub head a band of single bros for CBS|url=http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2013/05/we-are-men-preview-jerry-oconnell-and-tony-shalhoub-head-a-band-of-single-bros-for-cbs.html|accessdate=September 14, 2013|newspaper=Zap2it|date=May 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914001905/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2013/05/we-are-men-preview-jerry-oconnell-and-tony-shalhoub-head-a-band-of-single-bros-for-cbs.html|archive-date=September 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He co-wrote the comedy-drama film ''[[Sacramento (film)|Sacramento]]'', which premiered at the 2024 [[Tribeca Festival|Tribeca Film Festival]] and stars [[Michael Angarano]], [[Michael Cera]], [[Maya Erskine]], and [[Kristen Stewart]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Complex |first1=Valerie |title=‘Sacramento’ Review: A Charming Exploration Of Anxiety, Friendship And Fatherhood |url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/sacramento-review-charming-exploration-fatherhood-tribeca-festival-1235961263/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |publisher=Deadline |date=8 June 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''I Killed Zoe Day''
| Wyatt
| Short
|-
| ''[[Little Children (film)|Little Children]]''
| Steak House Waiter
|
|-
| 2007
| ''Aquarium''
| Jared
| Short
|-
| 2010
| ''Another Psycho''
| Chris Burns
| Short
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Paranormal Activity 3]]''
| Dennis
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]''
| Mike Rizzo
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Enough Said (film)|Enough Said]]''
| Hal (Massage Client)
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Storks (film)|Storks]]''
| Dougland
| Voice
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Non-Transferable]]''
| Josh Merit
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Unknown Dimension: The Story of Paranormal Activity''
| Himself
| Documentary film
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2009
| ''[[30 Rock]]''
| Tim Baker
| Episode: "[[Goodbye, My Friend]]"
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''Mayne Street''
| Chris
| 12 episodes
|-
| ''Fake It Til You Make It ''
| Darren Kernin
| 5 episodes
|-
| 2011
| ''[[The Office (American TV series)|The Office]]''
| Credit Card Guy
| Uncredited Episode: "[[The Seminar]]"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013
| ''[[The Mindy Project]]''
| Mike Menken
| 1 episode
|-
| ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]''
| Strickland Stevens
| Episode: "[[Weekend at Barney's]]"
|-
| ''[[We Are Men]]''
| Carter Thomas
| Series regular
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[The Newsroom (American TV series)|The Newsroom]]''
| Randy Lansing
| Episode: "Run"
|-
| ''[[Garfunkel and Oates (TV series)|Garfunkel and Oates]]''
| Darren
| Episode: "Speechless"
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Mom (TV series)|Mom]]''
| Douglas Biletnikoff
| Episodes: "Three Smiles and an Unpainted Ceiling" and "Kitty Litter and a Class A Felony"
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Friends from College]]''
| Beta Dog
| Episodes: "Mission Impossible", "Grand Cayman" and "Connecticut House"
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Jake and Amir#Lonely and Horny|Lonely and Horny]]''
| Luke
| Episode: "Game Night"
|-
| ''[[Young & Hungry]]''
| Nick Walker
| 5 episodes
|-
| 2020
| ''[[The Moodys (American TV series)|The Moodys]]''
| Nick
| 6 episodes
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]''
| Ron Harrington
| Episode: "Vertical Drop, Horizontal Tug"
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2166469}}
*{{Twitter}}
*{{TV Guide person|581012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Christopher Nicholas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
{{authority control}}

{{US-screen-actor-stub}}

Jadugopal Mukherjee

2026-02-07T22:59:00Z

Mvjceng: Revised content for better accuracy

{{short description|Indian politician and revolutionary}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jadugopal Mukherjee
| image = Jadugopal Mukherjee on floor of his home at Ranchi, 1960.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Jadugopal Mukherjee on floor of his home at Ranchi, 1960
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|09|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tamluk]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|08|30|1886|09|18|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| movement = [[Indian Independence Movement]]
| organization =[[Jugantar]],
[[Hindustan Republican Association]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = [[Freedom fighter]]
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Jadu Gopal Mukherjee''' (18 September 1886 – 30 August 1976) was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] [[India]]n revolutionary who, as the successor of [[Jatindranath Mukherjee]] or [[Bagha Jatin]], led the [[Jugantar]] members to recognise and accept [[Gandhi]]'s movement as the culmination of their own aspiration.

==Early life==
Jadugopal or Jadu was born at [[Tamluk]] in the district of [[Medinipur]] on the bank of the [[Rupnarayan River]] in West Bengal, where his father Kishorilal practised law and distinguished himself as a [[Kheyal]] singer. The family came from Beniatola in north [[Kolkata]]. Jadu's mother Bhubanmohini hailed from a [[Vaishnava]] family and transmitted in her children a spirit of devotion. Jadu's younger brother was to settle in the US and to be known in the West the famous writer and cultural scholar [[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]]. As an upper class student of the [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta|Duff School]] in Kolkata, Jadu learnt to think patriotically, thanks to one of his teachers. He became a member of the Kolkata [[Anushilan Samiti|Anushilan]] Party in 1905, attracted by its physical culture and, on the foil of the Partition, by its political climate. He writes in his autobiography that the single-handed fight of [[Bagha Jatin]] with a Royal Bengal tiger thrilled him and his friends in 1906, and he had an impression of belonging to a heroic epoch. After the F.A. examination, in 1908, Jadu entered the [[Calcutta Medical College]]. Fond of observing and analysing the rising tide of patriotism and the Government measures to repress them, Jadu preferred remaining aloof, confining himself to a couple of close friends.<ref>''biplabi jiban'er smriti'', by Jadugopal Mukherjee, Calcutta, 1982 (2nd edition)</ref>

==First World War==
{{Main|Hindu German Conspiracy}}
Relief work during the 1913 [[Damodar River|Damodar]] floods brought Jadu close to [[Bagha Jatin]] and the latter's important associates. Busy cementing the regional units for organising an armed insurrection during the forthcoming War, Jatin designated [[Rash Behari Bose]] as the responsible for Upper India. Though jealous of [[Naren Bhattacharya]]'s proximity with Jatin, Jadu received the charge of developing the external links, mainly with [[Taraknath Das]] in California and [[Virendranath Chattopadhyay]] in Germany. With the failure of the [[Indo-German Plan]] and Bagha Jatin's sudden death in 1915, finding [[Atulkrishna Ghosh]], the legitimate right-hand man of Jatin, plunged in a momentary despair, Jadu replaced him and asked the revolutionaries to disperse. During Jadu's absence, [[Bhupendra Kumar Datta]] maintained the leadership till his arrest in 1917.

==Absconding leader comes home==
Hiding in the hilly forests of Assam-Burma and Tibeto-Bhutan frontiers, Jadu was informed about the impact of the revolutionaries' activities on the Imperialists and about the question of a possible concession of constitutional reforms with the Rowlatt Act at the end of World War I. Returning home in 1921, Jadu obtained a special permission to sit for the Medical degree Examination and passed it with record results in 1922. After Gandhi's first failure, according to their initial contract, the [[Jugantar]] members worked under Deshbandhu [[Chittaranjan Das]] and [[Satyendra Chandra Mitra]] to form the alternative [[Swaraj]] movement and they declared their new programme by celebrating the 8th anniversary of [[Bagha Jatin]]'s self-giving on 9 September 1923, from Bengal to Punjab.

After receiving a message from [[Lala Har Dayal]], Pandit [[Ram Prasad Bismil]] went to [[Allahabad]] where he drafted the constitution of [[Hindustan Republican Association]] in the winter season of 1923 with the help of Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee and [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] both of these revolutionaries were from [[Bengal]].<ref>Dr. Mehrotra N.C. ''Swatantrata Andolan Mein Shahjahanpur Ka Yogdan'' 1995 Shaheed-E-Azam Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Trust [[Shahjahanpur]], pp. 109, 146</ref> The basic name and aims of the organisation were typed on a ''Yellow Paper'' in Allahabad.

Alerted by this, the British authorities immediately arrested the radicals; arrested for the first time, Jadu was detained under the State Prisoners' Regulation for four years. Released in 1927, he was externed from Bengal. Settled in Ranchi, he earned an outstanding reputation in TB treatment. He married Amiyarani Chaudhuri in 1934 and had two sons. At this juncture, he succeeded in bringing together the [[Jugantar]] and the [[Anushilan Samiti|Anushilan]] radicals, creating the short-lived federated Karmi-Sangha; under the pretext that [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and the [[Jugantar]] leaders were indifferent to their efficiency, the members of the [[Anushilan Samiti|Anushilan]] put an end to this fusion.

Jadu took the initiative, in 1938, and announced that the [[Jugantar]] stopped existing as a Party distinct from the Congress, extending its full support to Gandhi. Arrested again for helping Gandhi to organise the [[Quit India]] movement, in 1942, he was released two years later. He disagreed with the Congress compromise on vital issues such as complete independence and partition of India, and he resigned in 1947. He died in 1976.<ref>''Sadhak-biplabi jatindranath'' by [[Prithwindra Mukherjee]], West Bengal State Book Board, Calcutta</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Jadugopal}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]

Debabrata Goswami

2026-02-06T06:27:13Z

Mvjceng: started pg...

{{short description|Indian chemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Debabrata Goswami
| image = Debabrata Goswami.png
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1964|8|31}}
| birth_place = Ichapur, West Bengal
| citizenship = Indian
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Chemistry]], [[Physics]]
| work_institutions = [[Princeton University]], 1997-1998 [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], 1998–2004 [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]], 2004-2020
| alma_mater = [[Jadavpur University]], BSc, [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]], MSc, [[Princeton University]], PhD
| doctoral_advisor = [[Warren S. Warren]]
| thesis_title = Control of Chemical Dynamics using Arbitrary Shaped Optical Pulses and Laser Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy
| thesis_year = 1994
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Work in the field of [[Quantum computing]] and [[Nonlinear optics]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = [[OSA Fellow]] (2018) [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry]] (2015) SPIE Fellow (2019) ICO Galileo Galilei Award (2018) Prof. Y.T. Thathachari Research Award (2012) [[Swarnajayanti Fellowship]] (2004) Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (2004)
| religion =
| signature =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Debabrata Goswami FInstP FRSC''', (Devanagari गोस्वामी) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[chemist]] and the Prof. S. Sampath Chair Professor<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=S Sampath Chair|url=https://iitk.ac.in/dora/chair/2/s-sampath-chair|access-date=2020-08-25|website=iitk.ac.in}}</ref> of Chemistry, at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]].<ref name="Debabrata Goswami">{{Cite web|title=Debabrata Goswami|url=http://iitk.ac.in/new/debabrata-goswami|access-date=2020-08-17|website=iitk.ac.in}}</ref> He is also a professor (Higher Administrative Grade) of The Department of Chemistry and The Center for Lasers & Photonics at the same Institute. Goswami is an associate editor of the open-access journal [[Science Advances]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Editorial Board {{!}} Science Advances|url=https://www.science.org/content/page/science-advances-editorial-board|access-date=2020-08-17|website=advances.sciencemag.org}}</ref> He is also an Academic Editor for [[PLOS One]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=PLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed science|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/static/editorial-board|access-date=2020-08-17|website=journals.plos.org}}</ref> and [[PeerJ]] Chemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PeerJ - Profile - Debabrata Goswami|url=https://peerj.com/dgoswami/|access-date=2020-08-17|website=peerj.com|language=en}}</ref> He has contributed to the theory of [[Quantum computing#Quantum coherence|Quantum Computing]] as well as [[Microscope#Rise of modern light microscopes|nonlinear optical spectroscopy]]. His work is documented in more than 200 research publications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debabrata Goswami - Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=OZ651FIAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate|access-date=2020-08-17|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debabrata Goswami's Publons profile|url=https://publons.com/researcher/335218/debabrata-goswami/|access-date=2020-08-17|website=publons.com|language=en}}</ref> He is an elected [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry]], [[Fellow of the Institute of Physics]], the [[SPIE]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debabrata Goswami|url=https://www.spie.org/profile/Debabrata.Goswami-84490?SSO=1|access-date=2020-08-25|website=www.spie.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Complete List {{!}} Fellows|url=https://www.spie.org/membership/explore-membership/fellows/complete-list-of-spie-fellows|access-date=2020-08-25|website=www.spie.org}}</ref> and [[The Optical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=OSA fellows of 2017|url=https://www.osa.org/en-us/awards_and_grants/fellow_members/recent_fellows/2017_fellows/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407160611/http://www.osa.org/en-us/awards_and_grants/fellow_members/recent_fellows/2017_fellows/|archive-date=7 April 2017|website=The Optical Society (OSA)|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref> He is also a [[Senior Members of the IEEE|Senior Member of the IEEE]], has been awarded a [[Swarnajayanti Fellowship]] for Chemical Sciences, and has held a [[Wellcome Trust]] Senior Research Fellowship.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Europe PMC|url=https://europepmc.org/grantfinder/grantdetails?query=pi:%22Goswami+D%22+gid:%22073620%22+ga:%22Wellcome%20Trust%22|access-date=2021-08-30|website=europepmc.org| year=2004 |doi=10.35802/073620|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IIT Kanpur DORD International Project Listing|url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/olddord/internationalprojects.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727193350/http://www.iitk.ac.in/olddord/internationalprojects.htm|archive-date=27 July 2018|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> He is the third Indian to be awarded the [[International Commission for Optics]] Galileo Galilei Medal<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICO Prizes and Awards {{!}} International Commission for Optics|url=http://www.e-ico.org/activities/awards|access-date=2020-08-25|website=www.e-ico.org}}</ref> for excellence in optics.

== Scholarship ==
In 2017, he was elected Fellow of the [[Optical Society of America]] "for seminal and significant contributions in ultrafast optical instrumentation for exploitation in cross-disciplinary fields like quantum information and biomedical applications as well as pedagogy in optics and photonics and voluntary services to OSA" (Engineering and Science Research).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2017 OSA Fellows|url=https://www.osa.org/en-us/awards_and_grants/fellow_members/recent_fellows/2017_fellows/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407160611/http://www.osa.org/en-us/awards_and_grants/fellow_members/recent_fellows/2017_fellows/|archive-date=7 April 2017|website=|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

Goswami has demonstrated near-IR rapid Femtosecond Laser pulse shaping in the Megahertz repetition domain,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dinda|first1=Sirshendu|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Soumendra Nath|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|date=2019-03-20|title=Rapid programmable pulse shaping of femtosecond pulses at the MHz repetition rate|journal=OSA Continuum|volume=2|issue=4|page=1386|doi=10.1364/osac.2.001386|issn=2578-7519|doi-access=free}}</ref> which is the current state of the art metric for the generation of shaped laser pulses. This latest demonstration of rapid near-IR femtosecond pulse shaping is based on his original approach of Fourier Transform Femtosecond Pulse Shaping <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Hillegas|first1=C. W.|last2=Tull|first2=J. X.|last3=Goswami|first3=D.|last4=Strickland|first4=D.|last5=Warren|first5=W. S.|date=1994-05-15|title=Femtosecond laser pulse shaping by use of microsecond radio-frequency pulses|journal=Optics Letters|volume=19|issue=10|pages=737–9|doi=10.1364/ol.19.000737|pmid=19844429|bibcode=1994OptL...19..737H|issn=0146-9592}}</ref> that utilizes a programmable traveling wave grating in an acousto-optic modulator. Pushing the limits of current technology and the realization of improved standards of experimentation has been a coherent part of his research narrative. His approach to Femtosecond pulse shaping has been crucial for applications from the demonstration of control in the gas phase fragmentation reactions <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goswami|first1=Tapas|last2=Das|first2=Dipak K.|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|date=February 2013|title=Controlling the femtosecond laser-driven transformation of dicyclopentadiene into cyclopentadiene|journal=Chemical Physics Letters|volume=558|pages=1–7|doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.054|pmid=24098059|pmc=3790071|bibcode=2013CPL...558....1G|issn=0009-2614}}</ref> to 2D IR spectroscopy <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Karthick Kumar|first1=S. K.|last2=Tamimi|first2=A.|last3=Fayer|first3=M. D.|date=2012-11-14|title=Comparisons of 2D IR measured spectral diffusion in rotating frames using pulse shaping and in the stationary frame using the standard method|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=137|issue=18|page=184201|doi=10.1063/1.4764470|pmid=23163363|bibcode=2012JChPh.137r4201K|issn=0021-9606}}</ref> and quantum computing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goswami|first=Debabrata|s2cid=9779418|date=2002-04-15|title=Laser Phase Modulation Approaches towards Ensemble Quantum Computing|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=88|issue=17|article-number=177901|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.88.177901|pmid=12005785|arxiv=quant-ph/0108061|bibcode=2002PhRvL..88q7901G|issn=0031-9007}}</ref>

His work has built upon a history of over thirty years of working on pulsed laser experiments and has established other milestones in the field. He developed the self-calibrated femtosecond optical tweezers method for reproducible pulsed laser optical tweezers experiments with an additional forced oscillatory mode of motion. He went on to use the femtosecond optical tweezers to provide a direct measure and control of 'in situ' temperature and viscosity at micro-scale volumes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mondal|first1=Dipankar|last2=Mathur|first2=Paresh|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|date=2016|title=Precise control and measurement of solid–liquid interfacial temperature and viscosity using dual-beam femtosecond optical tweezers in the condensed phase|journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics|volume=18|issue=37|pages=25823–25830|doi=10.1039/c6cp03093a|pmid=27523570|bibcode=2016PCCP...1825823M|issn=1463-9076|doi-access=free}}</ref> He used this method to directly detect colloidal assembly, their structure, and orientation,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mondal|first1=Dipankar|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Soumendra Nath|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|date=2019-10-31|title=Elucidating optical field directed hierarchical self-assembly of homogenous versus heterogeneous nanoclusters with femtosecond optical tweezers|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=14|issue=10|article-number=e0223688|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0223688|pmid=31671114|pmc=6822744|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1423688M|issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mondal|first1=Dipankar|last2=Goswami|first2=Debabrata|date=2016-10-07|title=Controlling and tracking of colloidal nanostructures through two-photon fluorescence|journal=Methods and Applications in Fluorescence|volume=4|issue=4|article-number=044004|doi=10.1088/2050-6120/4/4/044004|pmid=28192297|bibcode=2016MApFl...4d4004M|s2cid=23967019 |issn=2050-6120}}</ref> which affirmed the spatiotemporal aspects of the method.

Breaking the barrier of programmable pulsed laser generation has been concomitant to his insights into the theoretical aspects of pulsed light and heat dissipation dynamics. His work on the cumulative thermal effects of femtosecond infrared lasers, has revolutionized the existing framework of laser heat dissipation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Singhal|first1=Sumit|last2=Goswami|first2=Debabrata|date=2020|title=Unraveling the molecular dependence of femtosecond laser-induced thermal lens spectroscopy in fluids|journal=The Analyst|volume=145|issue=3|pages=929–938|doi=10.1039/c9an01082c|pmid=31820745|bibcode=2020Ana...145..929S|s2cid=209166478 |issn=0003-2654}}</ref> This has in turn been shown to be the key to mitigating the deleterious effect of heat accumulation during sensitive measurements of nonlinear optical properties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Singhal|first1=Sumit|last2=Dinda|first2=Sirshendu|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|date=2017-01-19|title=Measurement of pure optical nonlinearity in carbon disulfide with a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser|journal=Applied Optics|volume=56|issue=3|pages=644–648|doi=10.1364/ao.56.000644|pmid=28157924|bibcode=2017ApOpt..56..644S|issn=0003-6935}}</ref> Further, this led to the first demonstration of the hitherto unexplored distinction between molecular structures with femtosecond laser-induced thermal spectroscopy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar|first1=Pardeep|last2=Goswami|first2=Debabrata|date=2014-12-03|title=Importance of Molecular Structure on the Thermophoresis of Binary Mixtures|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B|volume=118|issue=51|pages=14852–9|doi=10.1021/jp5079604|pmid=25418934|issn=1520-6106}}</ref> Femtosecond thermal spectroscopy with infrared lasers has thus become a new spectroscopic identification method.

In more direct applications of the experimental framework driving his work, he has demonstrated how to distinguish overlapping fluorophores in multi-photon imaging microscopy using near-IR high repetition rate femtosecond lasers by exploiting repeated excitation and de-excitation processes that help to distinguish and eventually eliminate abnormal cells from healthy ones.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goswami|first1=Debabrata|last2=Das|first2=Dhiman|last3=Nath Bandyopadhyay|first3=Soumendra|date=2015|title=Resolution enhancement through microscopic spatiotemporal control|journal=Faraday Discussions|volume=177|pages=203–212|doi=10.1039/c4fd00177j|pmid=25623778|bibcode=2015FaDi..177..203G|issn=1359-6640}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar De|first1=Arijit|last2=Roy|first2=Debjit|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|title=Selective two-photon fluorescence suppression by ultrafast pulse-pair excitation: Control by selective one-color stimulated emission |journal=Journal of Biomedical Optics |date=2011 |volume=16|issue=10|pages=100505–100505–3|doi=10.1117/1.3645082|pmid=22029344|pmc=3684794|bibcode=2011JBO....16j0505K|issn=1083-3668}}</ref>

== Education ==
B.Sc. Jadavpur University, 1986. M.Sc. IIT Kanpur, 1988.Princeton University, M.A. 1990; Ph.D. 1994. PDF at Harvard University, 1993–94. His work at Princeton overlapped with future [[Nobel laureate in physics]] [[Donna Strickland]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
After graduating, he spent two years at the [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] from 1994 to 1996 before spending a year at [[Quantronix Corporation]] in 1997. He returned to the [[Princeton University]] Center for Ultrafast Laser Labs in 1998.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Yang|first1=Weiguo|last2=Davis|first2=Jennifer|last3=Goswami|first3=Debabrata|last4=Fetterman|first4=Matthew|last5=Warren|first5=Warren S.|title=All-Optical Networking: Architecture, Control, and Management Issues |chapter=Optical-wavelength-domain code division multiplexing using an AOM-based ultrafast optical pulse-shaping approach |editor-first1=John M. |editor-first2=Chunming |editor-last1=Senior |editor-last2=Qiao |date=1998-10-07 |url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/3531/0000/Optical-wavelength-domain-code-division-multiplexing-using-an-AOM-based/10.1117/12.327047.short|series=Proceedings of the SPIE|volume=3531|pages=80–86|doi=10.1117/12.327047|bibcode=1998SPIE.3531...80Y |s2cid=110491334|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fetterman|first1=Matthew|last2=Goswami|first2=Debabrata|last3=Keusters|first3=Dorine|last4=Rhee|first4=June-Koo|last5=Warren|first5=Warren S.|title=Ultrafast Phenomena XI |chapter=Generation of amplified shaped pulses for highly adiabatic excitation |date=1998|editor-last=Elsaesser|editor-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Fujimoto|editor2-first=James G.|editor3-last=Wiersma|editor3-first=Douwe A.|editor4-last=Zinth|editor4-first=Wolfgang|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-72289-9_7|series=Springer Series in Chemical Physics|volume=63|language=en|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|pages=24–26|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-72289-9_7|isbn=978-3-642-72289-9}}</ref> He returned to India to join the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] as a Fellow-E in 1998 as part of the DNAP (Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics). In 2003, He moved to the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]],<ref name="Debabrata Goswami" /> his alma-mater, to join the [https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/debabrata-goswami Department of Chemistry] as an associate professor and has remained there since, currently as a professor (Higher Administrative Grade). He was awarded the Prof. S. Sampath Chair Professorship<ref name=":1" /> of Chemistry in 2018. He also holds a joint appointment at the same institute in [https://www.iitk.ac.in/celp/faculty The Center for Lasers & Photonics].

== Outreach ==

* [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] course on Quantum Computing<ref>{{Cite web|title=Quantum Computing - Course|url=https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_cy31/preview|access-date=2020-08-17|website=onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in}}</ref>
* [http://ufls-iitk.vlabs.ac.in/index.php Ultrafast Laser Virtual Lab]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://femtolab.science/publications Full list of publications]
* {{google scholar id|OZ651FIAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goswami, Debabrata}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kanpur]]
[[Category:Fellows of SPIE]]
[[Category:Fellows of Optica (society)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Physics]]
[[Category:Senior members of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]

Tilottama Sen

2026-02-05T04:43:39Z

Mvjceng: made new post

{{Short description|Indian sport shooter}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}

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| sport = [[Shooting sports|Shooting]]
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{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2022 Cairo]]|10m Air Rifle - Junior Team}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2022 Cairo]]|10m Air Rifle Junior}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|2023 Changwon]]|10 m air rifle}}
{{MedalBronze|2023 Changwon|10 m air rifle team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 ISSF World Cup|2023 Cairo]]|10m Air Rifle}}
}}

'''Tilottama Sen''' (born 25 April 2008) is an Indian [[Shooting sports|sport shooter]] from [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]].<ref name="issf-profile"/> In 2023, she won the silver medal in the women's 10m air rifle event at the [[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Shooting Championship]] at [[Changwon]] in [[South Korea]], earning a quota place for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=Tilottama Sen, Arjun Babuta clinch two more Paris quota places for India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/asian-shooting-championship-tilottama-sen-arjun-babuta-clinch-two-more-paris-quota-places-for-india-101698415604165.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

She is the youngest Indian to win a quota for the Olympics. If selected to the Indian team, she would have been the third youngest Indian at Olympics in Paris<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-28 |title=B'luru shooter, 15, youngest Indian to qualify for Oly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bluru-shooter-15-youngest-indian-to-qualify-for-oly/articleshow/104769537.cms |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> but she finished fifth in the final selection trials on 17 May 2024 at Bhopal and failed to make it to the Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17 |title=Shooting, Olympic Trials: Anjum Moudgil, Sift Samra, Aishwary Tomar, Swapnil Kusale book Paris berth |url=https://scroll.in/field/1068016/shooting-olympic-trials-anjum-moudgil-sift-samra-aishwary-tomar-swapnil-kusale-book-paris-berth |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-19 |title=Olympic Shooting Trials: Quota-holder Tilottama Sen, Nancy in tears; Ramita Jindal zooms ahead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/olympic-shooting-trials-quota-holder-tilottama-sen-nancy-in-tears-ramita-jindal-zooms-ahead/articleshow/110243502.cms |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sen's family hails from Kolkata but are residents of Bengaluru.<ref name=":1" /> Her parents Sujit Sen and Nandita supported her to take up the sport. She is studying Class 9 at Bluebell Public School, Bangalore.<ref name=":1" /> She started with volleyball and karate<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Teen dreams of Olympic medal after bagging bronze in Cairo |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/tilottama-sen-dreams-of-olympic-medal-after-bagging-bronze-in-issf-world-cup-in-cairo/cid/1919865 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> but shifted to shooting later on inspired by [[Abhinav Bindra]]’s exploits at the Olympics. Initially, her father had to use his provident fund and retirement savings to buy her equipment.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=From balloon-popping to Shooting WC bronze: 14-year-old Tilottama Sen is just getting started |url=https://www.espn.in/shooting/story/_/id/35756584/tilotamma-sen-14-year-old-cairo-world-cup-bronze-indian-shooting |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> But soon she got support from the [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports|Reliance Foundation]] and TOPS programme.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-18 |title=Indian juniors bag three more gold in World Championship |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-juniors-bag-three-more-gold-in-world-championship/article66027801.ece |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She practices at the [[Sports Authority of India]] (South Centre) at [[Kengeri]] in Bengaluru<ref name=":0" /> or at the Hawkeye Rifle Shooting Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiran, DHNS |first=Sidney |title=Tilottama turned hobby into shooting success |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/tilottama-turned-hobby-into-shooting-success-1193579.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2024, she joined NCOE in Delhi and currently trains under Coach Manoj Kumar <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feb 26 |first=Iffath Fathima |title=She's a straight shooter |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/shes-a-straight-shooter/articleshow/98239346.cms |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> In the year 2020 To May 2023 she trained under [[Rakesh Manpat]] and was inspired by [[Apurvi Chandela]]. She was supported financially by Manpat for her first international tournament in Germany in 2022, when the government or state did not fund her international tournament later she shifted back to Hawkeye Sports Rifle and Pistol Shooting Academy & continuing her practice for 2024 Olympics in hawkeye .<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-10 |title=Tilottama Sen youngest shooter in Indian squad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/tilottama-sen-youngest-shooter-in-indian-squad/articleshow/91460354.cms |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

She won gold medal at the World Championship in [[Cairo]] in the women's junior category in October 2022.<ref name=":2" /> In November 2022, she participated in the individual and team events at the Asian Airgun gold in [[Daegu]], [[South Korea]] and won two gold medals.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |date=2022-11-13 |title=Tilottama Sen's dream run continues at the Asian Airgun Championship |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/tilottama-sen-dream-run-continues-asian-airgun-championship-result-score-news/article66132130.ece |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2023, she made her senior international debut winning a bronze in the [[ISSF World Cup]] at [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> despite a technical issue with her rifle.<ref name=":3" /> But she missed the Asian Games selection trials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=Only 15, shooter Tilottama Sen overcomes heartbreaks to secure Paris Olympics quota |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/only-15-shooter-tilottama-sen-overcomes-heartbreaks-to-secure-paris-olympics-quota-9002415/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

At the [[2023 Asian Shooting Championships]] in Changwon, Sen won silver in the 10m Air Rifle, earning India a quota place to the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Vimal |last1=Sankar |title=Teenager Sen among medallists as India extend Paris 2024 shooting quotas to eleven |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142159/india-shooting-quota-paris-2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |work=[[Inside the Games]] |publisher=Dunsar Media Company |date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028180410/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1142159/india-shooting-quota-paris-2024 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> An Olympic berth is won for a country and the federation decides the final team after selection trials.

== Awards ==

* 2024: Sportstar Aces Awards 2024: Young Achiever of the Year (female).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-08 |title=Sportstar Aces Awards 2024: Tilottama Sen wins Young Achiever of the Year award |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/aces-awards/tilottama-sen-wins-sportstar-aces-awards-2024-young-achiever-of-the-year-female-shooting-age-15-records-achievements/article67825041.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="issf-profile">{{cite web |title=Tilottama SEN |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDW2504200801 |publisher=[[International Shooting Sport Federation]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |language=en }}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* {{ISSF|SHINDW2504200801}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Tilottama}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2008 births]]
[[Category:Indian female sport shooters]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Sport shooters from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:ISSF rifle shooters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Hinduism in Fiji

2026-01-26T00:03:31Z

Mvjceng: new!

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date= March 2020}}
{{Hinduism by country}}

[[File:Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Sri Siva Subramaniya temple]] in [[Nadi]]]]
'''[[Hinduism]] in [[Fiji]]''' ({{langx|hif-Deva|फिजी में सनातन धर्}}) is the [[Religion in Fiji|second-largest]] religion, and primarily has a following among [[Indo-Fijians]], the descendants of [[Indian indenture system|indentured workers]] brought to [[Fiji]] by the [[British people|British]] for colonial [[sugarcane]] plantations.<ref>Susanna Trnka (2008), ''State of Suffering: Political Violence and Community Survival in Fiji'', Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|978-0801474989}}, pp. 7</ref> Mass immigration ended in 1920, when Britain abolished said indenture system. Fiji identifies people as "Indo-Fijians" if they can trace their ancestry to the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[Hindus]] form about 27.9% the population of Fiji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Religious Freedom Report|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FIJI-2019-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Nadi Primary School Fiji Established 1968.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Nadi, Fiji|Nadi]] Primary School established by the Fiji Hindu community in 1968]]
Fiji became part of the British colonial empire in 1874.<ref name=jkelly>John Kelly (1992), A Politics of Virtue: Hinduism, Sexuality, and Countercolonial Discourse in Fiji, University of Chicago Press, {{ISBN|978-0226430300}}, pp. 1-39</ref> A few years later, in 1879, the British government brought the first Indians on [[coolie]] ships, as indentured laborers to work in the sugarcane plantations of Fiji owned by British colonial officials.<ref name=jl>James Lochtefeld, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, pp. 228</ref><ref name="cato"/> By 1919, about 60,000 Indians had been brought to Fiji, with job advertisements and work contracts that promised Indians right to return or right to stay, own land and live freely in Fiji after the 5 year work contract period was over. These contracts were called [[Girmitiyas|''grimit'']] (phonetically derived from the English word "agreement").<ref name=jkelly/>

Nearly 85% of Indian origin people brought to Fiji as indentured laborers were Hindus (others were Indian Muslims, Indian Christians and Indian Sikhs). The indentured laborers were poor, escaping famines and poverty during the British colonial rule of India, and brought to Fiji as part of a wave that saw human migration as cheap labor from India, China and southeast Asian countries to plantations and mining operations in the Pacific Islands, Africa, Caribbean and South American nations.<ref>Cumpston, I. M. (1956), A survey of Indian immigration to British tropical colonies to 1910, Population Studies, 10(2), pp. 158-165</ref> About a fourth of the immigrants came from South India primarily [[Tamil Nadu]], while the remaining 75% are from northern states primarily [[Uttar Pradesh]], but also from [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab region|Punjab]] - each group bringing their own version of Hinduism.<ref name=trnka/><ref name=jkelly/>

Many indentured Hindu laborers in Fiji preferred to return to India after their indentured labor contract was over. Estimates suggest 40% had returned by 1940, with higher return rates in early years.<ref>Grieco, Elizabeth (1998), The effects of migration on the establishment of networks: Caste disintegration and reformation among the Indians of Fiji, International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 704-736</ref> In 1920, after non-violent civil protests led by [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] against indenture system in British colonies around the world, Britain abolished the system.<ref name=strnkasos/> This stopped the inflow of new Indian labor into Fiji plantations, while Indians continued to leave Fiji plantations. The departure of productive, low cost Indian labor became a serious labor shortage problem for the British plantations.<ref name=jkelly/><ref name=spike/> In 1929, the British colonial government granted Indo-Fijian Hindus electoral and some civil rights, in most part to stabilize exports and profits from its Fijian sugar plantations and to prevent Indian laborers from leaving from the labor-intensive plantations. But the electoral rights granted were limited, not proportional but racial quota based, and the government segregated Indo-Fijians in a manner similar to South Africa, that is on communal and racial basis from Europeans and native Fijians.<ref name=jkelly/><ref name=spike/> This system was resisted by the Hindus, and in an act of peaceful protest, Hindus refused to accept the segregated council. However, within years, the Hindu community split along the lines of majority [[Sanātanī|Sanatan Dharma]] group and a minority [[Arya Samaj]] group, a situation that delayed further development of Indo-Fijian political rights.<ref name=jkelly/> A colleague of Gandhi, [[A. D. Patel]] led independence initiative in Fiji, demanding civil rights for all Fijians.<ref name=strnkasos/> However, the political segregation and unequal human rights for Hindus (and other Indo-Fijians) was retained in Fiji's first Constitution as the British empire granted independence to its colony Fiji in 1970.<ref name=cato/><ref name=jk1988/>

According to 1976 Census of Fiji, 295,000 people (or 50 percent of Fiji's population) were of Indo-Fijian origins, of which 80% were Hindus. In other words, 40 percent of Fiji's population were Hindus.<ref name=jl/> After a period of persistent persecution from 1980s and several coups, which included burning of Hindu homes, arson of temples and rape, Fiji witnessed a wave of emigration of Hindus and other Indo-Fijians to Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada and India. About 50,000 of them emigrated after [[1987 Fijian coups d'état|the 1987 coups]], between 1987 and 1992 alone.<ref>Dean Starnes and Nana Luckham (2009), Fiji, {{ISBN|978-1741047936}}, 8th Edition, pp 37</ref> The percentage population of Hindus in Fiji has declined since then, both in total and in percentage terms.<ref name=trnka>Sussana Trnka (2002), [https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/PacificStudies/article/view/32828/30851 Foreigners at Home: Discourses of Difference, Fiji Indians and the Looting of May 19], Pacific Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 69-90</ref><ref>Boydell, S. (2000), 'Coups, Constitutions and Confusion in Fiji', in Land Tenure Center Newsletter 80 (Fall 2000):1-10</ref>

==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Year<ref>{{cite web|title=Religion - Fiji Bureau of Statistics|url=http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion|website=www.statsfiji.gov.fj|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417193329/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/internationaldata/countries/Country_81_2.asp|title=Fiji, Religion and Social Profile|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173128/https://thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_81_2.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>'''
! '''Percent'''
! '''Decrease'''
|-
| '''1976'''
| '''45%'''
| style="background: Red" | '''-19.8%'''
|-
| '''1996'''
| '''33.7%'''
| style="background: Red" | '''-11.3%'''
|-
| '''2007'''
| '''27.9%'''
| style="background: Red" | '''-5.8%'''
|-
| '''2017'''
| '''24.0%'''
| style="background: Red" | '''-3.9%'''
|}

In the 1976 census of Fiji, 45% of its population professed to be Hindus.<ref>
Compare and contrast:
{{cite book
| last1 = Lochtefeld
| first1 = James G.
| chapter = Fiji
| title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC
| volume = 1
| location = New York
| publisher = The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
| publication-date = 2001
| page = 228
| isbn = 9780823931798
| access-date = 16 November 2020
| quote = In the 1990s Indians comprised about 45 percent of Fiji's population.
}}
</ref> From late 1980s through early 2000s, Fiji witnessed several coups and considerable communal unrest, where some Hindus faced persecution. Many Hindus in Fiji emigrated to other countries.<ref name=trnka/><ref name=jkelly/>

The 1996 census recorded 261,097 Hindus (33.7% of the total population). However, the 2007 census recorded 233,393 (27.9%) which had a -5.8% decrease.<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion
|title= Religion
|year= 2020
|publisher= Fiji Bureau of Statistics
|access-date= 16 November 2020
|archive-date= 2 June 2023
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230602085817/https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion
|url-status= dead
}}</ref> The Hindu community in Fiji has built many [[Hindu temple| temples]], schools and community centers over time. The community celebrates [[Diwali]] as their primary annual festival.<ref name="diwaliholi" />
According to the 1996 census most of the Hindus in Fiji are Indo-Fijians and only 864 indigenous Fijian following Hinduism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Religion - Fiji Bureau of Statistics|url=http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion|website=www.statsfiji.gov.fj|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417193329/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Hindu population in Fiji is not uniformly distributed. Population in some villages and towns such as [[Nadi]] and [[Nausori]] area have a Hindu majority.<ref name=strnkasos>Susanna Trnka (2008), State of Suffering: Political Violence and Community Survival in Fiji, Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|978-0801474989}}</ref>

{| width="80%" border="1" align="center" cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin:5px; border:3px solid;"
|rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''Religion'''||colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''Indigenous Fijian'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" colspan=2|'''Indo-Fijian'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" colspan=2|'''Others'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;" colspan=2 colspan=2|'''TOTAL'''
|-
|td width="15%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''393,575'''||td width="5%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''%'''||td width="15%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''338,818'''||td width="5%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''%'''||td width="15%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''42,684'''||td width="5%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''%'''||td width="15%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''775,077'''||td width="5%" style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''%'''
|-
|[[Sanātanī]]||551||0.1||193,061||57.0||315||0.7||'''193,928'''||'''25.0'''
|-
|[[Arya Samaj in Fiji|Arya Samaj]]||44||0.0||9,494||2.8||27||0.1||'''9,564'''||'''1.2'''
|-
|[[Kabir Panth]]i||43||0.0||73||0.0||2||0.0||'''120'''||'''0.0'''
|-
|Sai Baba||7||0.0||70||0.0||1||0.0||'''60'''||'''0.0'''
|-
|Other Hindu||219||0.1||57,096||16.9||113||0.3||'''57,430'''||'''7.4'''
|-
|style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''[[Hinduism|All Hindus]]'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''864'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''0.2'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''259,775'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''76.7'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''458'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''1.1'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''261,097'''||style="border-bottom:3px solid; background:#efefef;"|'''33.7'''
|}

==Society==
The social structure among Fijian Hindus has lacked any caste structure.<ref name=jk1988>John Kelly (1988), Fiji Indians and Political Discourse in Fiji: from the Pacific Romance to the Coups, Journal of Historical Sociology, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 399–422</ref> Scholars<ref name=jk1988/><ref>Carolyn Brown (1988), Demographic constraints on caste: a Fiji Indian example, Journal of Historical Sociology, Volume 1, Issue 4, pages 399–422</ref><ref>Brenneis, D. (1984), Grog and gossip in Bhatgaon: style and substance in Fiji Indian conversation, American Ethnologist, 11(3), pp. 487-506</ref> suggest that this lack of formation or observance of caste system among Fijian Hindus may have been because of the nature of work in Fijian plantations where everyone's profession revolved around farming, because Fijian Hindus lived together from the time they arrived in coolie ships, and because of demographic constraints faced by them. Extensive exogamy has been observed among Hindus of Fiji since the earliest days of plantation settlements, just like in other major indentured Hindu labor settlements in Mauritius, Natal (South Africa) and the Caribbean.<ref>Hollup, O. (1994), The disintegration of caste and changing concepts of Indian ethnic identity in Mauritius, Ethnology, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 297-316</ref><ref>Van den Berghe P. L. (1962), Indians in Natal and Fiji: A "Controlled Experiment" in culture contact/LES INDIENS A FIDJI ET AU NATAL, Civilisations, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 75-87</ref><ref>Elizabeth M. Grieco (1988), The Effects of Migration on the Establishment of Networks: Caste Disintegration and Reformation among the Indians of Fiji, International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Autumn, 1998), pp. 704-736</ref>

As with South Africa, the British colonial officials segregated people by race in Fiji. Plantation settlements in Fiji, as a policy, considered Indo-Fijian Hindus as a worker class, and did not allow them to live near or with European settlers,<ref>Claudia Knapman, White Women in Fiji, 1835–1930: The Ruin of Empire?, UQP, {{ISBN|978-0043012789}}</ref> nor mix with native Fijian people.<ref>A. J. Christopher (1992), Urban Segregation Levels in the British Overseas Empire and Its Successors, in the Twentieth Century, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 95-107</ref><ref>Jayawardena, C. (1980), Culture and ethnicity in Guyana and Fiji. Man, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 430-450</ref> The segregation created a culture contact problem, that worsened over time.<ref name=cato>A. C. Cato (1955), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40329002 Fijians and Fiji-Indians: A Culture-Contact Problem in the South Pacific], Oceania, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1955), pp. 14-34</ref> During the time of [[Colonial Fiji|colonial rule]], all the [[Fijians|indigenous Fijians]] were proselytised and converted en masse to Christianity (mostly [[Methodism]]) by missionaries from Europe, mainly the [[British Isles]]. The Indo-Fijian Hindus, however, largely refused to convert and the great majority have remained Hindus to this very day.<ref>Ralph Premdas (1993), in The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation, Editors: John McGarry et al., Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415099318}}, pp. 253-274</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Sri Siva Subramaniya Hindu Temple Nadi Fiji.jpg|thumb|280px|Sri Siva Subramaniya Hindu Temple in Nadi, Fiji]]
Fijian Hindus celebrate [[Rama Navami]], [[Holi]] and [[Diwali]]. Of these, [[Diwali]] is a public holiday in Fiji.<ref>[http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Cabinet-Releases/20-6-13---CABINET-APPROVES-2014-PUBLIC-HOLIDAYS.aspx Public Holidays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075510/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Cabinet-Releases/20-6-13---CABINET-APPROVES-2014-PUBLIC-HOLIDAYS.aspx |date=11 November 2014 }} The Fijian Government</ref>

In the first half of 20th century, Holi was the principal festival for Hindus of Fiji.<ref name=diwaliholi>John Kelly, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2803032 From Holi to Diwali in Fiji: An Essay on Ritual and History], Man, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 40-55</ref> Thereafter, Diwali gained prominence. After Fiji gained independence from British rule, Diwali has eclipsed all other Hindu festivals, and is now the principal Fijian Hindu festival. John Kelly suggests<ref name=diwaliholi/> that this may reflect socio-political situation in Fiji, the segregation faced by Hindus as they demanded equal political rights with European residents and native Fijian people. This shift in cultural milieu among Hindus in Fiji, posits Kelly, may be because Holi is a transcendence-oriented, all inclusive, extrospective festival, while Diwali is a perfection-oriented devotionalism and introspective festival.<ref name=diwaliholi/>

Among the Hindus of Fiji, any kind of work including physical labor in farms, is culturally considered a form of ''puja'' (prayer) and religious offering.<ref>Susanna Trnka (2008), State of Suffering: Political Violence and Community Survival in Fiji, Cornell University Press, {{ISBN|978-0801474989}}, pp. 96</ref>

Hindus began building temples after their arrival in Fiji. These served as venues for marriages, annual religious festivals, family prayers after the death of loved ones, and other social events. The Hindu temples were constructed both in northern and southern Indian styles. The Shiu Hindu temple at Nadawar in Nadi, for example, was built in 1910; however this temple was destroyed in an arson attack and communal violence against Hindus in 2008.<ref>[http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/another-arson-attack-on-fijis-hindu-temples Another Arson attack on Fiji's Hindu Temples] Radio Australia (October 2008)</ref> Sri Siva Subramaniya Hindu Temple in Nadi is the largest Hindu temple in Fiji.<ref>[http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=3328 Largest Temple in Fiji Opens] Hinduism Today (September 1994)</ref>

In addition to temples, Hindus built schools and community centers to improve the social and educational opportunities. For example, Kuppuswami Naidu, a devotee of Swami Vivekananda and who later was known as Sadhu Swami, visited various islands of Fiji and met diverse Hindu communities particularly from South India, to start the TISI Sangam initiative. This community effort over time created schools, nursing clinics, community assistance in farm technologies, temples and a community center/history museum for Hindu people in Fiji.<ref>[http://www.sangamfiji.com.fj/index.php?page=history History] TISI Sangam, Fiji</ref>

==World War II==
Indo-Fijians were called upon to join the cause of allied forces during World War II. Over 5,000 Hindus in Fiji served with millions of soldiers from Australia, New Zealand, India and other British colonies during the war.<ref name=strnkasos/> Indo-Fijians served in Asia and Europe during the World War II.

==Persecution==
By the time Fiji gained independence from the British colonial empire, Hindus and other Indo-Fijians constituted nearly fifty-percent of the total Fijian population. Nevertheless, the colonial era laws and the first constitution for Fiji, granted special rights to native Fijians.<ref name=jk1988/> These laws relegated Hindus as unequal citizens of Fiji with unequal human rights. For example, it denied them property rights, such as the ability to buy or own land. Hindus and other Indo-Fijians have since then not enjoyed equal human rights as other Fijians. They can only work as tenant farmers for Fijian landlords.<ref name=jl/><ref>Vasil, R. K. (1972) 'Communalism and constitution-making in Fiji', in Pacific Affairs 45 (1 & 2):21-41</ref> The difference in human rights has been a continuing source of conflict between "native" Fijians and Indo-Fijians, with native Fijians believing Fiji to be their ancestral land that only they can own, and Indo-Fijians demanding equal rights for all human beings.<ref name=jkelly/>{{Dubious |Dubious sweeping generalizations |reason=There are several hundred thousand indigenous Fijians; sweeping generalization about what they all think are likely to be inaccurate.|date=June 2016}}

Beyond land ownership, Hindus have been persecuted in the Fijian communal structure. Spike Boydell states, "the British introduced the divisive and unworkable system of communal representation and communal electoral rolls. Thus, different communities were represented by their own kind. This still extends to schooling in a prevailing quasi [[apartheid]] educational system."<ref name=spike>Spike Boydell (2001), [http://prres.net/Papers/Boydell_Philosophical_Perceptions_of_Pacific_Property.pdf Philosophical Perceptions of Pacific Property - Land as a Communal Asset in Fiji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205812/http://prres.net/Papers/Boydell_Philosophical_Perceptions_of_Pacific_Property.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }} Department of Land Management and Development, School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific</ref>

During the late 1990s, Fiji witnessed a series of riots by radical native Fijians against Hindus (and other Indo-Fijians). In the spring of 2000, the democratically elected Fijian government led by Prime Minister [[Mahendra Chaudhry]] was held hostage by a group headed by [[George Speight]]. They demanded a [[racial segregation|segregated]] state exclusively for the native Fijians, thereby legally abolishing any [[human rights]] the Hindu inhabitants have. Hindu owned shops, Hindu schools and [[Hindu temple|temples]] were destroyed, vandalized and looted.<ref name=trnka/><ref name="Hindusin">{{cite web |url=http://www.hafsite.org/pdf/hhr_2005_html/fijiislands.htm |title=Hindus in South Asia and the Diaspora: A Survey of Human Rights 2005 |publisher=Hafsite.org |access-date=2013-04-30 |archive-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712231835/http://www.hafsite.org/pdf/hhr_2005_html/fijiislands.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208442.pdf FIJI 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT]</ref>

The [[Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma]], and particularly [[Sitiveni Rabuka]] who led the 1987 coup in Fiji, and the current Prime Minister, called for the creation of a Christian State and endorsed forceful conversion of Hindus after a coup d'état in 1987.<ref name=trnka/> In 2012, Fiji Methodist Church's president, [[Tuikilakila Waqairatu]], called for Fiji to officially declare Christianity as the state religion; the Hindu community leaders demanded that Fiji be a [[secular]] state where religion and state are separate.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-06/an-fiji-hindus-reject-christian-state-calls/4247214 Fiji Hindu group rejects Christian state calls] Australian Broadcasting Corporation (6 Sep 2012)</ref>

==See also==
* [[Fiji]]
* [[Religion in Fiji]]
* [[Demographics of Fiji]]
* [[Indo-Fijians]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sangamfiji.com.fj/index.php?page=founder South Indians in Fiji] - history, development and Then India Sanmarga Ikya (TISI) Sangam
* Kevin Miller, {{Google books|wWlqK0ZGPJYC|A Community of Sentiment: Indo-Fijian Music and Identity Discourse in Fiji|page=84}}, Chapter 4 - The Development of Hinduism in Fiji's Colonial Period
* [http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=682 Fiji Temples Torched], December 1989

{{Fiji topics}}
{{Hinduism in Oceania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinduism In Fiji}}
[[Category:Hinduism in Fiji| ]]

Shabir Ahluwalia

2026-01-22T19:55:00Z

Mvjceng: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Indian actor and host (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shabir Ahluwalia
| image = ShabbirAhluwaliaSangeet.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|08|10|df=yes}}<ref name=birth>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TVs-hottie-Shabir-Ahuwalia-turns-36/photostory/48420055.cms|title=TV's hottie Shabbir Ahuwalia turns 36|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India<ref name="birth"/>
| alma_mater = [[University of Maryland, College Park]]
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|Host}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Kanchi Kaul]]|2011}}<ref name="knotty">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Kanchi-nikhleshwar-get-knotty/articleshow/10904689.cms|title=Kanchi, nikhleshwar get knotty!|work=The Times of India|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
| children = 2<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shabir-to-become-dad-again/articleshow/50757605.cms|title=Shabir to become dad again|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>
| image_size = 230 px
| years active = 1999–present
| notable_works = [[Kumkum Bhagya]]
}}

'''Shabir Ahluwalia''' (born 10 August 1979) is an Indian actor and host who works in Hindi television and films. He is best known for portraying Abhishek Prem Mehra in [[Zee TV]]'s romantic drama series ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''.
He won the third season of ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' and hosted ''[[Nach Baliye]]'', ''[[Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega]]'' and ''[[Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series)|Dancing Queen]]''.

Apart from this, Ahluwalia has acted in ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2002), ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'' (2004), ''[[Kahi To Milenge]]'' (2002), ''[[Kkavyanjali]]'' (2005), ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' (2006), ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' (2006), ''[[Kayamath]]'' (2007), ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]'' (2011) and many more. He made his debut in [[Bollywood]] with ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]''. His second film was ''[[Mission Istanbul]]''.<ref name="sify1">{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/shabir-ahluwalia-won-t-quit-tv-news-bollywood-kkftkCjdjgj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525134900/http://www.sify.com/movies/shabir-ahluwalia-won-t-quit-tv-news-bollywood-kkftkCjdjgj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2018|title=Shabir Ahluwalia won't quit TV|date=25 July 2008|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>

==Life and family==
[[file:Kanchi kaul shabbir ahluwalia Bollywood & TV actors at Ekta Kapoor's birthday bash.jpg|thumb|With wife [[Kanchi Kaul]] at [[Ekta Kapoor]]s Birthday]]
Shabir Ahluwalia was born on 10 August 1979 to a [[Sikh]] father and a [[Catholic]] mother in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="birth"/> He has two siblings Shefali Ahluwalia and Sameer Ahluwalia. He did his schooling from [[St. Xavier's High School, Vile Parle]].<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/TVs-hottie-Shabbir-Ahuwalia-turns-36/photostory/48419843.cms|title=TV's hottie Shabbir Ahuwalia turns 36|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref> He completed his graduation from [[University of Maryland, College Park]].<ref name="indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topiclist/University-of-Maryland,-College-Park-alumni|title=University of Maryland, College Park alumni|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>

He married his girlfriend, actress [[Kanchi Kaul]] on 27 November 2011.<ref name="knotty"/> In 2014 they had a son,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kanchi-Kaul-and-Shabbir-Ahluwalia-have-a-baby-boy/articleshow/39046464.cms?|title=Kanchi Kaul and Shabbir Ahluwalia have a baby boy|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 April 2016|last1=Trivedi |first1=Tanvi }}</ref> and in 2016, they had another son.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shabbir-Kanchi-look-forward-to-their-second-baby-in-Feb/articleshow/49847070.cms|title=Shabbir-Kanchi look forward to their second baby in Feb|author=Tanvi Trivedi|date=19 November 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2007
|''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]''
|RC
|Debut film
|<ref>{{cite web |date=11 May 2007 |title='A gangster's life freaked me out' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-a-gangster-s-life-freaked-me-out-1096216 |access-date=8 February 2016 |work=[[Daily News & Analysis|dna]]}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|''[[Mission Istaanbul]]''
|Khalil Nazar
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title='Mission Istanbul' – Shabbir Ahluwalia -Latest Celebrity news – Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/6752/newsid/1172889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214025203/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/6752/newsid/1172889 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2016 |access-date=8 February 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
|
|
|
|}
===Television===

{| class= wikitable sortable plainholders
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Role
!Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|1999
| scope="row" |''[[Hip Hip Hurray (TV series)|Hip Hip Hurray]]''
|Purab
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hip-Hip-Hurray-to-return-to-television-after-15-years/articleshow/50323005.cms|title='Hip Hip Hurray' to return to television after 15 years|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016|last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2002
| scope="row" |''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
|Aniket Mehta
|
|
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani]]''
| Rohit
|
|
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Kahi To Milenge]]''
|Shashaank
|
|
|-
|2003–2007
| scope="row" |''[[Kahiin To Hoga]]''
|Rishi Garewaal
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Telly-heartthrobs-soapy-ride-to-success/articleshow/43533666.cms|title=Telly heartthrobs' soapy ride to success|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2004
| scope="row" |''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''
|Saumil Dikshit
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kanchi-calls-the-shots-at-home-Shabir-Ahluwalia/articleshow/18431065.cms|title=Kanchi calls the shots at home: Shabir Ahluwalia|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016|last1=Agarwal |first1=Stuti }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]''
|Aman/Jay
|
|
|-
|2005
| scope="row" |''[[Kkavyanjali]]''
|Vansh Malhotra
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ekta-Kapoor-and-her-blue-eyed-boys/photostory/49505964.cms|title=Ekta Kapoor and her blue-eyed boys|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2005–2006
| scope="row" |''[[Nach Baliye]]''
|Host
|Seasons 1-2
|
|-
|2006
| scope="row" |''[[Kasamh Se]]''
|Sandeep Sikand/Sandy
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shabbir-hurt-on-the-sets-1038692|title=Shabbir hurt on the sets|date=30 June 2006|work=[[Daily News & Analysis|dna]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2006–2007
| scope="row" |''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
|Omi
|
|style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|2007–2009
| scope="row" |''[[Kayamath]]''
|Milind Mishra
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shabbir-ahluwalia-unwell-1193027|title=Shabbir Ahluwalia unwell!|date=24 September 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis|dna]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009
| scope="row" |''[[Dhamaal Express]]''
|Contestant
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/ride-the-stars-dhamaal-express-0|title=Ride with the stars on Dhamaal Express|author=Tellychakkar Team|date=14 November 2007|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series)|Dancing Queen]]''
| rowspan="2" |Host
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2010
| scope="row" |''[[Meethi Choori No 1]]''
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Dimpys-saga-will-not-impact-our-TRP-Shabbir/articleshow/6248237.cms|title=Dimpy's saga will not impact our TRP: Shabbir|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016|last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi#Season 3|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 3]]''
|Contestant
|Winner
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/shabbir-ahluwalia-wins-khatron-ke-khiladi-597040|title=Shabbir Ahluwalia wins Khatron Ke Khiladi|work=NDTVMovies.com|access-date=8 February 2016|archive-date=14 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214061026/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/shabbir-ahluwalia-wins-khatron-ke-khiladi-597040|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega]]''
|Host
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shabbir-Ahluwalia-breaks-Guinness-Record/articleshow/8057080.cms|title=Shabbir Ahluwalia breaks Guinness Record|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2011–2014
| scope="row" |''[[Celebrity Cricket League]]''
|Player
|Seasons 1-4
|
|-
|2011–2012
| scope="row" |''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''
|Dutta Bhau
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Fans-dislike-replacements-of-TVs-iconinc-characters/articleshow/17359809.cms|title=Fans dislike replacements of TV's iconinc characters|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2013
| scope="row" |''[[Savitri (TV series)|Savitri]]''
|{{NA}}
|Producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shabbir-Ahluwalia-the-new-producer-of-Savitri/articleshow/17663276.cms?|title=Shabbir Ahluwalia the new producer of Savitri|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016|last1=Bhopatkar |first1=Tejashree }}</ref>
|-
|2014–2021
| scope="row" |''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
|rowspan="4" |Abhishek "Abhi" Mehra
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ektas-Kumkum-Bhagya-to-replace-Pavitra-Rishta/articleshow/29666001.cms|title=Ekta's Kumkum Bhagya to replace Pavitra Rishta|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018
| scope="row" |''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
| rowspan="3" |Special appearances
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| scope="row" | ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''
|
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Meet (2021 series)|Meet]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabir Ahluwalia, Sriti Jha on performing for Diwali special episode of 'Meet' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shabir-ahluwalia-sriti-jha-on-performing-for-diwali-special-episode-of-meet/articleshow/87430458.cms|access-date=2021-10-31|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022–2024
| scope="row" |''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''
|rowspan="2"|Mohan Trivedi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 April 2022|title=Kumkum Bhagya fame Shabir Ahluwalia returns on TV with Neeharika Roy in Radha Mohan; fans say, 'We want #SritiJha'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kumkum-bhagya-fame-shabir-ahluwalia-returns-on-tv-with-neeharika-roy-in-radha-mohan-fans-say-we-want-sritijha/articleshow/90682770.cms|access-date=6 April 2022|work=[[Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti]]''
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| 2025
| scope="row" | ''Ufff..Yeh Love Hai Mushkil''
| Advocate Yug Sinha
|
|
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col" |Title
!Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|2019
| scope="row" |''[[Fixerr]]''
|Jaiveer Maalik
|style="text-align:center;"|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
|-
| 2004
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|rowspan="3"|''[[Kahiin To Hoga]]''
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/telly_win_2004.htm|title=The Indian Telly Awards 2004 : The Winners List|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073714/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/telly_win_2004.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2005
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|title=Indian Telly Awards 2005 : Popular Awards Nominees List|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025305/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2005|title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com|access-date=5 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504215552/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2005|archive-date=4 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2006
|Best Anchor Music/Films (along with [[Sangeeta Ghosh]])
|''[[Nach Baliye]]''
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2006|title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com|access-date=5 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210174024/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2006|archive-date=10 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
|''[[Kahiin To Hoga]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|title=The Indian Telly Awards 2006 : India's most coveted and credible awards for performance on TV – on screen and off screen|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213148/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2007
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Anchor|Best Anchor]] (along with [[Sangeeta Ghosh]])
|''[[Nach Baliye]]''
|{{nom}}<ref name="indiantelevision.com">{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|title=Nominees for Indian Telly Awards 2007|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073650/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Lead Role]]
|rowspan="3"|''[[Kayamath]]''
|{{nom}}<ref name="indiantelevision.com"/>
|-
|2008
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/popular.htm|title=Nominees for Indian Telly Awards 2008|access-date=5 April 2016|archive-date=20 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420054303/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/popular.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|[[Gold Awards]]
|[[Zee Gold Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|{{won}}<ref>[http://www.indiantvinfo.com/boroplus-gold-awards-on-zee-tv/ Boroplus Gold Awards on Zee TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073638/http://www.indiantvinfo.com/boroplus-gold-awards-on-zee-tv/ |date=11 September 2018 }}. Indiantvinfo.com. Retrieved on 2017-07-20.</ref>
|-
|2011
|[[Gold Awards]]
|Most Stylish Actor
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}<ref>[http://indiantelevisionawards.m.webs.com/site/mobile?dm_path=%2Fboroplus-gold-awards&fw_sig_api_key=522b0eedffc137c934fc7268582d53a1&fw_sig_premium=0&fw_sig_time=1478091225508&fw_sig_permission_level=0&fw_sig=cd85d72e5e0f3f5753b16ef1f27fa16e&fw_sig_access_token=7c7b61c825b8fdceb2b6b6d161903ecd102645e7&fw_sig_session_key=8e468454081d15c7bfc77a2211120a8fd13104db45e4a2bd55f6b38351dbdba4-98408485&fw_sig_url=http://indiantelevisionawards.webs.com/&fw_sig_social=1&fw_sig_tier=0&fw_sig_permissions=none&fw_sig_site=98408485&fw_sig_partner=webs&fw_sig_locale=en-US&fw_sig_is_admin=0&fb_sig_network=fw#3322 indiantelevisionawards – Boroplus Gold Awards]. Indiantelevisionawards.m.webs.com. Retrieved on 2017-07-20.</ref>
|-
| 2014
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|Best Actor Popular
| rowspan="14" |''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/event_details.php?id=95|title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com|access-date=5 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725174620/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/event_details.php?id=95|archive-date=25 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Lead Role]]
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/nominations-for-indian-telly-awards-2015-out-see-who-all-have-made-the-cut-273701-2015-11-20|title=Nominations for Indian Telly Awards 2015 out; see who all have made the cut|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple|Best Onscreen Couple]] (along with [[Sriti Jha]])
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indian-Telly-Awards-2015-Karan-Patel-Kapil-Sharma-winners/articleshow/49977970.cms|title=Indian Telly Awards 2015: Karan Patel, Kapil Sharma winners|work=The Times of India|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Lead Role (Critics)
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-gold-awards-2015-highlights-complete-winners-list-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-bags-most-honours-636621|title=Zee Gold Awards 2015 Highlights, Complete Winners' List: 'Yeh Hai Mohabbatein' Bags Most Honours; Karan-Divyanka's Romance Steals the Show|date=22 June 2015|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|Best Actor – Popular
|{{won}}<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2016-mouni-roy-shabbir-ahluwalia-emerge-big-winners-see-pics-video-4374865/ ITA Awards 2016: Mouni Roy, Shabbir Ahluwalia emerge big winners, see pics, video]. The Indian Express (2016-11-14). Retrieved on 2017-07-20.</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2018
|rowspan=2|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Actor in Lead Role (Popular)
|{{won}}
|-
|Best On Screen Jodi
(With [[Sriti Jha]])
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|Best Actor In Lead Role Male (Popular)
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Jodi Popular
(With [[Sriti Jha]])
|{{nom}}
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of Indian television actors]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|1872969}}
*{{twitter|shabirahluwalia}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Shabbir Ahluwalia
| list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Negative Actor}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actor}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Supporting Actor}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahluwalia, Shabir}}
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park alumni]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]

Pratap Singh (referee)

2026-01-22T07:32:36Z

Mvjceng:

{{short description|Indian football referee (born 1971)}}
{{Other people|Pratap Singh|Pratap Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Pratap Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox football official
| name = Pratap Singh
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| fullname = Pratap Singh Patwal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|12|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand, India
| otheroccupation =
| years1 = 2007–present
| league1 = [[I-League]]
| role1 = Assistant Referee
| years2 = 2008–present
| league2 = [[I-League]]
| role2 = Referee
| internationalyears1 = 2009–present
| confederation1 = [[FIFA International Referees List|FIFA listed]]
| internationalrole1 = Referee
| internationalyears2 = 2010–2016
| confederation2 = [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] Elite Panel
| internationalrole2 = Referee
}}

'''Pratap Singh Patwal''' (born 8 December 1971) is an Indian [[association football|football]] [[referee (association football)|referee]].

==Biography==
Pratap is originally from the town of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. He served in the [[Indian Navy]] before voluntarily retiring.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101201/dplus.htm#13 | title=Patwal becomes FIFA elite referee | work=The Tribune | date=30 November 2010 | accessdate=14 May 2013 | location=Chandigarh}}</ref>

==Refereeing career==
Pratap is on the FIFA referees list and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Elite Refereeing Panel for 2012. He has been a FIFA referee since 2009.<ref name="fifarefs1">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ind/footballofficials/referees/peoplekind=ref.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817145804/http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ind/footballofficials/referees/peoplekind=ref.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 August 2007|title=India: Referees|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="afcelite">{{cite web | url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/elite-panel-members/409-afc-elite-panel-members-2012/download_Tg&sig2=7ZdaHvlWfKkFu0K0atf3Sg | title=AFC ELITE REFEREEING - PANEL MEMBERS 2012 - AFC Elite Men Referees | publisher=Asian Football Confederation | accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/13/stories/2009011356731600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326062754/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/13/stories/2009011356731600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2014|title=FIFA announces officials |date=13 January 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref> He made his debut in an international match between [[India national football team|India]] and [[Yemen national football team|Yemen]] in [[Pune]] in 2010.<ref name="aiff1">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=1884|title=Live Score Updates: India vs. Yemen |publisher=All India Football Federation|accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref>

Pratap is a member of the Uttarakhand State Football Referee Association.<ref name="Uttarakhandrefs1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rfauk.com/about-referee-uttarakhand.php|title=About Uttarakhand State Football Referee Association|publisher=Uttarakhand State Football Referee Association|accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref>

In October 2012 he became one of three Indian referees to be offered professional contracts. The AIFF contracted Pratap from October 2012 to May 2013.<ref name="zee">{{cite news | url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/aiff-ropes-in-india-s-fifa-referees_749709.html | title=AIFF ropes in India's FIFA referees | work=Zee News | date=4 October 2012 | accessdate=14 May 2013}}</ref> He was awarded AIFF Best Referee Award for 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 AIFF Awards given away to Footballers in New Delhi|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/2013-aiff-awards-given-away-to-footballers-in-new-delhi/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=14 February 2014}}</ref> and best referee for [[2013–14 I-League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=5678|title=Important decisions taken in the meeting|date=14 May 2014|work=[[All India Football Federation]]|access-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228232717/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=5678|archive-date=28 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Refereeing Administrator==

Starting from July 2019, Pratap was hired as refereeing Senior Manager of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and oversees all AFC Refereeing activities and development in the AFC Competitions. He resigned and joined the Indonesia Football Federation (PSSI) as Refereeing director in March 2024.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{AIFF referees}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pratap}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian football referees]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-footybio-stub}}

Battle of Tellicherry

2026-01-11T00:10:00Z

Mvjceng: info.

{{Short description|Battle of the Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Tellicherry
| partof = the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
| image = <div style="position: relative">[[File:Bay of Bengal map 1800s.png|250px]]{{Image label|x=0.175|y=0.560|scale=250|text=[[File:Red pog.svg|8px|Action]]}}</div>
| caption = Location of the capture of ''Résolue''
| date = 18 November 1791
| place = Off [[Thalassery|Tellicherry]], [[British India|India]]
| result = British victory
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}}
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Great Britain}} [[Sir Richard Strachan, 6th Baronet|Richard Strachan]]
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Kingdom of France}} Unknown
| strength1 = 2 frigates
| strength2 = 1 frigate
| casualties1 = 6 killed 11 wounded
| casualties2 = 25 killed 60 wounded 1 frigate captured
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
}}
{{Mysore Invasion of Kerala}}

The '''Battle of Tellicherry''' was a naval action fought off the [[Indian subcontinent|Indian]] port of [[Thalassery|Tellicherry]] between British and French warships on 18 November 1791 during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]. Britain and France were not at war at the time of the engagement, but French support for the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in the conflict with the British [[East India Company]] had led to [[Royal Navy]] patrols stopping and searching French ships sailing for the Mysorean port of [[Mangalore]]. When a French convoy from [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] passed the British port of Tellicherry in November 1791, Commodore [[William Cornwallis]] sent a small squadron to intercept the French ships.

As the British force under Captain [[Richard John Strachan|Sir Richard Strachan]] approached the convoy, the escorting frigate [[French frigate Résolue (1778)|''Résolue'']] opened fire. A general action followed, with Strachan succeeding in forcing the French ship to surrender within twenty minutes and both sides suffering damage and casualties. All of the French vessels were searched and subsequently returned to Mahé, the local French authorities reacting furiously at what they perceived as a violation of their [[Neutrality (international relations)|neutral]] position. Messages were sent from Commodore [[Armand de Saint-Félix|Saint-Félix]] back to France reporting the action but they evoked little response. Although under normal circumstances the battle might have provoked a diplomatic incident, the upheavals of the ongoing [[French Revolution]] meant that the despatches had little effect.

==Background==
In December 1789, after five years of diplomatic wrangling about the terms of the [[Treaty of Mangalore]] that had ended the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]], the ruler of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] [[Tipu Sultan]] again declared war on the British [[East India Company]] and their allies in Southern [[India]]. For the next two years the war continued as British forces and their allies drove the Mysore armies back towards the capital of [[Seringapatam]].<ref name="EPB208">Brenton 1823, p. 208.</ref> Both sides were reliant on supply by sea to maintain their campaigns inland: the British forces were supported from their major ports at [[Bombay]] and [[Madras]], later stationing additional forces at the small port of [[Thalassery|Tellicherry]] inside Mysore territory. The Mysorean forces were supplied through [[Mangalore]] by French ships. France had been an ally of the Tipu Sultan's father [[Hyder Ali]] during the Second Anglo-Mysore War and although the political instability caused by the [[French Revolution]] in Europe prevented active involvement, they ensured that their ships kept up a supply of equipment to Mysore throughout the war.<ref name="WJ118"/>

In an effort to eliminate French support Commodore [[William Cornwallis]], the British naval commander in the region, stationed a squadron of [[frigates]] at Tellicherry, where they were ideally situated to [[blockade]] Mangalore and prevent the passage of shipping into Mysorean territory. The squadron consisted of Cornwallis in [[HMS Minerva (1780)|HMS ''Minerva'']], Captain [[Richard John Strachan|Sir Richard Strachan]] in [[HMS Phoenix (1783)|HMS ''Phoenix'']] and [[HMS Perseverance (1781)|HMS ''Perseverance'']] under Captain [[Isaac Smith (Royal Navy officer)|Isaac Smith]].<ref name="WJ118">James 1827, p. 118.</ref> The French operated a squadron of their own on the coast, led by Commodore [[Armand de Saint-Félix|Saint-Félix]] and consisting of two frigates based at [[Mahé, India|Mahé]], a small French port {{convert|7|mi|km|0}} south of Tellicherry. The French had communicated to the British at Tellicherry that they would not submit to any attempts to search their vessels, but Strachan and Cornwallis replied that they would enforce the blockade of Mangalore whatever the consequences.<ref name="EPB209"/>

==Battle==
In November 1791, a French convoy sailed from Mahé on the short journey to Mangalore. The convoy included two merchant vessels and the frigate [[French frigate Résolue (1778)|''Résolue'']], a 36-gun warship under Captain Callamand.<ref name="CNP58"/> Passing northwards, the convoy soon passed Tellicherry and Cornwallis sent Strachan with ''Phoenix'' and ''Perseverance'' to stop and inspect the French ships to ensure they were not carrying military supplies.<ref name="EPB209">Brenton 1823, p. 209.</ref> As Smith halted the merchant ships and sent boats to inspect them, Strachan did the same to ''Résolue'', hailing the French captain and placing an officer in a small boat to board the frigate. The French captain was outraged at this violation of his neutrality, and responded by opening fire: British sources suggest that his initial target was the small boat, although ''Phoenix'' was the ship most immediately damaged.<ref name="WJ118"/>

Strachan was unsurprised at the French reaction, and returned fire immediately, the proximity of the ships preventing any manoeuvres. Within twenty minutes the combat was decided, the French captain [[striking the colours|hauling down his colours]] with his ship battered and more than 60 men wounded or dead. The French ship carried significantly weaker [[cannon]] than ''Phoenix'', with 6- and 12-pounder guns to the 9- and 18-pounders aboard the British squadron. In addition, ''Résolue'' was heavily outnumbered: no other French warships were in the area, while the British had three large frigates within sight. French losses eventually totalled 25 men killed and 60 wounded, Strachan suffering just six killed and 11 wounded in return.<ref name="WJ119">James 1827, p. 119.</ref>

==Aftermath==
With the enemy subdued, Strachan ordered a thorough search of the captured vessels, but could find no contraband and returned control to the French commander. The French officer however refused, insisting that he and his ship were treated as [[prisoners of war]].<ref name="CNP58">Parkinson 1954, p. 58.</ref> Cornwallis ordered the merchant ships released to continue their journey and for the frigate to be towed back to Mahé, where it was anchored in the roads with its sails and topmasts struck.<ref name="WJ119"/> Provision was subsequently made at Mahé by Strachan for the wounded French sailors. Soon afterwards Saint-Félix arrived at Mahé in his frigate [[French frigate Cybèle (1789)|''Cybèle'']] and reacted furiously at the discovery that one of his neutral ships had been attacked and captured by the British. When Cornwallis insisted that his ships had been acting within their orders, Saint-Félix promised reprisals if any of his vessels were attacked again and withdrew with both ''Cybèle'' and ''Résolue'' later in the day, followed by ''Minerva'' and ''Phoenix''. One account reported that Saint-Félix actually ordered his crew to fire on Cornwallis but that they refused.<ref name="CNP58"/> The British shadowed the French for several days, openly stopping and searching French merchant ships but without provoking a response from Saint-Félix. ''Résolue'' and ''Phoenix'' were subsequently detached by their commanders, Cornwallis and Saint-Félix remaining in contact for several more days before finally separating.<ref name="WJ119"/>

News of the encounter was conveyed back to France, but the country was at this time in one of the most turbulent eras of the ongoing Revolution and little notice was taken of events in India. Historian [[William James (naval historian)|William James]] notes that under normal political circumstances the action would have had more significant ramifications,<ref name="WJ119"/> while [[Edward Pelham Brenton]] claims that the French deliberately ignored the report out of fear of antagonising Britain.<ref name="EPB210">Brenton 1823, p. 210.</ref> In Britain, the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] approved of Cornwallis' actions, suggesting that the French were deliberately using the guise of trade to support Mysore against Britain.<ref name="EPB210"/> The action had no effect on the ongoing war in India, which was now centred on the inland city of Seringapatam. As British forces [[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)|closed on the city]] in February 1792, the Tipu Sultan initiated peace talks which [[Treaty of Seringapatam|brought the war to an end]] in exchange for concessions to the company and its Indian allies.<ref>{{cite journal |year= 1832|title= Tippoo Saib |journal= Encyclopedia Americana|volume= XII |pages= 272 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-4IAAAAQAAJ&dq=mysore+Tippoo+1791&pg=PA272 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mysore invasion of Kerala]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brenton
| first = Edward Pelham
| author-link = Edward Pelham Brenton
| year = 1823
| title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I
| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LCRy8AHxwrYC
| quote = Boston.
| publisher = Henry Colburn
| location = London
}}
* {{cite book
| last = James
| first = William
| author-link = William James (naval historian)
| year = 2002
| orig-year = 1827
| title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796
| publisher = Conway Maritime Press
| location = London
| isbn = 0-85177-905-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parkinson
| first = C. Northcote
| author-link = C. Northcote Parkinson
| year = 1954
| title = War in the Eastern Seas, 1793–1815
| publisher = George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
| location = London
}}
{{refend}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tellicherry}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1791]]
[[Category:Mysorean invasion of Malabar]]
[[Category:Battles of the Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving France]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Thalassery]]
[[Category:1791 in India]]

Ideal Jawa

2026-01-04T17:02:22Z

Mvjceng: quick correct intro after review

{{Short description|Indian motorcycle company (1960–1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = Yezdi Logo.png
| logo_caption = Forever Bike, Forever Value
| type = Motorcycle manufacturer
| fate = defunct
| foundation = 1960
| location = [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| key_people = Farrokh Irani, Founder
| industry = [[Automotive]]
| products = [[Jawa Moto|Jawa]], [[Yezdi]]
| num_employees = 3500
| dissolved = 1996
| homepage = [http://www.yezdi.com yezdi.com]
}}

'''Ideal Jawa (India) Ltd''' was an Indian [[motorcycle]] company based in [[Mysore]], which sold licensed [[Jawa Moto|Jawa motorcycles]] beginning in 1960 under the brand name '''Jawa''' and from 1973 as '''Yezdi'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/The-return-of-roaring-Jawa-Yezdis/articleshow/14755899.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017075011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-09/bangalore/32604349_1_jawa-bikes-jawa-yezdi-motorcycle-club-ideal-jawa |url-status=live |archive-date=17 October 2013 |title=The return of roaring Jawa Yezdis |date=9 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 September 2013 }}</ref> Jawa motorcycles were introduced in India in 1960 and they have a cult following to this present day. Production was carried out directly in India by Ideal Jawa India Ltd based out of [[Mysore]]. The Yezdi factory was located at Yadavagiri along the railway line which heads to Mysore Junction. The factory was inaugurated by the then Governor of Mysore State, Sri [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamaraja Wadiyar]], Maharaja of Mysore in 1961.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/171359/yezdi-beat-past.html |title=Yezdi a Beat from the past |date=24 June 2011 |publisher=Deccan Herald, Mysore}}</ref>

The company stopped production in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-15/mysore/40589738_1_bike-rally-yezdi-international-jawa-day|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718222120/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-15/mysore/40589738_1_bike-rally-yezdi-international-jawa-day|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2013|title=A day for Jawa, Yezdi bikes|date=15 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>

In January 2022, the brand was relaunched in India as '''Jawa Motorcycles''' by [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] through their Classic Legends subsidiary, through a licensing deal with the original [[Czech Republic|Czech]] company JAWA Moto. Three models were introduced, the Roadster, Scrambler and Adventure. Yezdi motorcycles will be sold alongside Jawa motorcycles in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/bike-news/yezdi-roadster-scrambler-adventure-bikes-launched-in-india-price-specs-features/2405375/| title=Yezdi is back! New Roadster, Scrambler, Adventure bikes launched in India | date=13 January 2022 }}</ref>

[[File:Jawa 250 typ 353 100.jpg|thumb|Jawa 250 cc 'A' (Type 353 Kyvacka)]]
[[File:Jawa 50 Jet.jpg|thumb|Jawa Jet 50 cc 'A' (Type 555 Pionyr)]]
==Models==
There have been many models of this brand before the company shut its doors in 1996.
Their various models are included below:
*Jawa 250 typ 353/04 Kyvacka called 'A' Type (under license)
*Jawa 50 Pionyr typ 555 (under license)
*Jawa 50 Jet 'A' Series
*Jawa / Yezdi 250 'B' Type (Radial Head & Dimple Tank Transition Model)
*Yezdi 60 Jet 'B' Series
*Yezdi 250 'B' Type (Model B)
*Yezdi 250 Oilking (CB Points and Oil Pump) 'C' Type
*Yezdi 250 [[Roadking]] (CB Points) 'C' Type
*Yezdi B250 Deluxe 'B' Type or "B1"
*Yezdi D250 Classic 'D' Type
*Yezdi 250 CL II 'D' Type
*Yezdi 250 Deluxe 'D' Type (1985-87)
*Yezdi 250 Deluxe 'D' Type (Big Tank & Megaphone Silencers) (1988-95)
*Yezdi 60 Jet 'C' Series
*Yezdi 60 Colt
*Yezdi 175 (CB Points)
*Yezdi 60 Colt Deluxe
*Jawa / Yezdi 350 Twin (Jawa 350 typ 634 Powered)
*Yezdi 175 Deluxe (CDI)
*Yezdi 250 [[Roadking]] (CDI) 'C' Type
*Yezdi 250 Monarch (CDI) 'C' Type
*I.Jawa 250 [[Roadking]] (CDI) 'C' Type (Export Model)
*Yezdi 250 MT (CDI) 'C' Type (Export Model)
*Yezdi 125 Deluxe (Never released)
*Yezdi 250 Supersprint 'C' Type (Never released)

The 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D' Types are the model of Engine that particular bike has.

Ideal Jawa also exported many of the above models to over 61 countries around the world including [[Turkey]], [[Nigeria]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Egypt]] and others. [[Guatemala]] was supplied with custom White Yezdi Roadkings for their Police forces. Some Yezdi 175s were supplied to an oil company in [[Ghana]]. A model exported to [[Venezuela]] was called the Yezdi 250 MT. A few Yezdi Monarchs were used for Pizza delivery in Abu Dhabi, [[UAE]].

==End of production==
When the company was forced to shut down, it was producing the 175, Monarch, Deluxe, Road Kings and CL II. The main reason for the company's collapse was labor trouble and increasing levels of pollution control norms which were making the [[two stroke]] bikes that the company produced obsolete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2011/sep/180911-Iron-to-gold-in-2-strokes.htm |title=Iron to gold in 2 strokes |author=Yoshita Sengupta|date=18 September 2011 |publisher=Mid Day, Mumbai|access-date=11 September 2013 }}</ref> With the advent of [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] and [[Honda]] in India, these bikes lost their status as Yezdis were heavier and in some cases slower with lower [[fuel efficiency]].

==In motorsports==
Ideal Jawa had factory teams for both road races at [[Sholavaram]] and the National Motorcycle Rally Championships. Yezdis were preferred rally bikes in the 80s and 90s.

==Yezdi Brand Relaunch==
Starting 13 January 2022 the Yezdi brand has been reintroduced<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dasgupta|first=Sabyasachi|date=2022-01-12|title=Yezdi returning to India with 3 new motorcycles. What to expect|url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/two-wheelers/yezdi-set-to-return-to-india-with-3-new-motorcycles-tomorrow-what-to-expect-41641967473889.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Hindustan Times Auto News|language=en}}</ref> in the Indian market by Classic Legends, after a gap of 25 years. There are three models which have been launched - Scrambler, Roadster and Adventure.

The relaunched models in 2022 are not from Ideal Jawa but from Classic Legends Private Limited.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jawamotorcycles.com/news/mahindra-s-classic-legends-relaunches-iconic-jawa-motorcycle#:~:text=Classic%20Legends%2C%20a%20subsidiary%20of%20Mahindra%20and%20Mahindra%2C%20Thursday%20relaunched,lakh%20and%20Rs%201.89%20lakh. | title=Mahindra's Classic Legends relaunches iconic Jawa motorcycle - Jawa Jawa }}</ref>
*Yezdi Roadster
*Yezdi Scrambler
*Yezdi Adventure

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
File:Yezdi 60 Jet.jpg|Yezdi Jet 60 'B' Series
File:Yezdi D 250 Classic.JPG|Yezdi 250 Classic 'D' Type
File:YEZDI CLASSIC 250CC CLASSIC.jpg|Yezdi 250 CL-II 'D' Type
File:Yezdi Monarch.jpg|Yezdi 250 Monarch 'C' Type
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Jawa Motors]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*[http://www.yezdi.com www.yezdi.com]
*{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/The-return-of-roaring-Jawa-Yezdis/articleshow/14755899.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017075011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-09/bangalore/32604349_1_jawa-bikes-jawa-yezdi-motorcycle-club-ideal-jawa |url-status=live |archive-date=17 October 2013 |title=The return of roaring Jawa Yezdis |date=9 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 September 2013 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2011/sep/180911-Iron-to-gold-in-2-strokes.htm |title=Iron to gold in 2 strokes |author=Yoshita Sengupta|date=18 September 2011 |publisher=Mid Day, Mumbai|access-date=11 September 2013 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-15/mysore/40589738_1_bike-rally-yezdi-international-jawa-day
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718222120/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-15/mysore/40589738_1_bike-rally-yezdi-international-jawa-day
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=18 July 2013
|title=A day for Jawa, Yezdi bikes|date=15 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]
|access-date=11 September 2013}}

{{Two wheelers in India}}

[[Category:Motorcycle manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Motorcycles of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mysore]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1996]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 1996]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1960]]
[[Category:Mahindra Group]]

Barsatein – Mausam Pyaar Ka

2026-01-04T13:59:51Z

Mvjceng: stub

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Barsatein Mausam Pyaar Ka.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| writer =
| story = [[Jaya Misra]]
| screenplay = Ritu Bhatia
| director = Atif Khan
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Shivangi Joshi]]
* [[Kushal Tandon]]
}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 160 
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ekta Kapoor]]
* [[Shobha Kapoor]]
}}
| cinematography = Nidhin Valanday
| editor = {{Plainlist|
* Vikas Sharma
* Vishal Sharma
}}
| camera = [[Multi camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2023|07|10|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|02|16|df=yes}}
| related =
}}

'''''Barsatein – Mausam Pyaar Ka''''' ({{translation|''The Rainy Season – The Season of Love''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language television romantic drama series that premiered on 10 July 2023 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Shobha Kapoor]] under their banner [[Balaji Telefilms]], it starred [[Shivangi Joshi]] and [[Kushal Tandon]] as the leads.

==Plot==
Aradhana and her friend Rinky sit in a cafe and talk about how she met Reyansh Lamba. Reyansh Lamba is the CEO of Nation True News. Aradhana works at a small news company but wants to deliver some exciting news. Her best friend Pooja helps her sneak into Reyansh's party to gather evidence against him but before she could broadcast it, Reyansh gets it removed. Admiring her passion, Reyansh's father gives Aradhana a job at his office. Reyansh and Aradhana get off to a rocky start and Aradhana is triggered by the fact that Reyansh hates women. Soon she finds out that his hatred for women is due to his mother being in love with another man whilst his father and him felt unloved and unwanted. Aradhana aims to change his perspective. Aradhana finds out that Pooja is dating Reyansh's best friend Vikram. Pooja's family finds out about this and oppose the relationship. Reyansh sees Aradhana and Vikram getting close and misunderstands that they love each other. Reyansh, without realising it, falls in love with Aradhana and helps Vikram. They team up to wed Pooja and Vikram and Reyansh realises that Aradhana was only passing messages between them. After that, he continuously asks her if she is single and love blooms between the both. They spend a night together after confessing their love but soon realise that the CCTV cameras were left on. Aradhana gives Reyansh the USB with the trust that he will destroy it and they both plan to marry. The next day as Aradhana was supposed to meet Reyansh, she cancels on him to meet Mayank. Mayank was blackmailing Krishnan's sister and Aradhana went to expose him. But Mayank, who was fuelled with anger, told Reyansh that Aradhana was cheating on him. A heartbroken Reyansh, insults Aradhana in front of the office with the blame that she harassed him that night. Aradhana goes home crying only to witness that the video had gone viral. She finds out that she is adopted and is forced to leave the city.

Aradhana arrives in Dehradun, and meets Beena Aunty who lets her reside in Oswan Bakery. Soon Aradhana finds out that her real mother is Malini Khanna who is married to Viren Khanna and the mother of 3 daughters. Over a twist of events, Kimaya falls in love with Reyansh and get engaged. Reyansh's best friend Jai also falls in love with Aradhana unaware of her relationship with Reyansh. Jai gets blackmailed by Kriti and gets engaged to her. Bhakti reveals to Malini that Aradhana is her daughter. Soon Kimaya finds out the truth about Reyansh and suicides. Aradhana and the rest of the family blame Reyansh. Jai breaks of his engagement to Kriti. Aradhana moves back to Delhi as her father has forgiven her. Reyansh follows her back and has his mind set on marrying her. He hands out invitations and sweets to which Aradhana gets irritated. To get rid of Reyansh, Aradhana agrees to marry Jai and the wedding preparations start. However, Reyansh leaves no stone unturned to stop their wedding. But at last Jai marries Aradhana. However, it is revealed that their marriage is fake. Jai had requested Panditji to chant wrong mantras for their marriage. Later, a car accident occurred in which Reyansh is presumed to be dead. For this, Aradhana becomes traumatized. In order to get her well, Jai calls his another best friend Vaani who comes from abroad to help them. Later, Aradhana sees a man wearing black hoody. It is revealed that Reyansh is actually alive. Aradhana also gets well. On the other hand, Jai's mother Neeta is revealed to be involved in drug smuggling and Bhakti knows that. So, she decided to kill Bhakti and Bhakti meets with an accident and Reyansh took Bhakti to hospital. On the other hand, Aradhana discovered her marriage with Jai is fake. Meanwhile, Neeta frames Reyansh responsible for Bhakti's accident. Aradhana suspects on Reyansh. To find this out Aradhana proposes Reyansh but Aradhana got kidnapped. The kidnapper ask Reyansh to drop drug scandal story or else he'll kill Aradhana and shoots her. Aradhana is presumed to be dead. Reyansh is shattered but her sister believe that she is alive. Aradhana is alive and the kidnapper is Viren Khanna and Aradhana ran away from the kidnapper to release Reyansh from jail. Everyone goes to the kidnapper to find out why he was doing so. It is revealed that he was doing this drugs smuggling from a very long time and Neeta is his crime partner in that. He also wants to take revenge from Reyansh for her eldest daughter Kimaya's death. He tries to shoot Aradhana but unfortunately Jai gets shot as Reyansh removed Aradhana from the place. Jai is dead and his mother has guilt for her actions. Before dying, Jai tells him that it was all the plan of Kriti. She pressurised Kimaya to do so. After 3 weeks, Aradhana and Reyansh are finally engaged and going to marry each other soon and the rain (Barsatein) are back.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Shivangi Joshi]] as Aradhana "Radhy" Sahni: Malini's daughter; Viren's step-daughter; Bhakti and Harsh's adopted daughter; Kimaya, Kriti and Komal's half-sister; Jagruti's adopted sister; Reyansh's fiancée
* [[Kushal Tandon]] as Reyansh Lamba: Kadambari and Vivek's son; Vikram and Jai's best friend; Kimaya's ex-fiancé; Aradhana's fiancé

===Recurring===
* [[Simba Nagpal]] as Jai Khurana: Neeta and Akash's elder son; Varun's brother; Reyansh and Vaani's best friend; Kriti's ex-fiancé
* Sai Ranade as Dr. Bhakti Sahni: Malini's best friend; Harsh's wife; Jagruti's mother; Aradhana's adoptive mother
* Vipul Deshpande as Dr. Harsh Sahni: Bhakti's husband; Jagruti's father; Aradhana's adoptive father
* Riya Doshi as Jagruti Sahni: Bhakti and Harsh's daughter; Aradhana's adopted sister
* Sameer Malhotra as Vivek Lamba: Kadambari's husband; Reyansh's father
* [[Poorva Gokhale]] as Kadambari Lamba: Viren's ex-lover; Vivek's wife; Reyansh's mother
* Ali Khan as Vikram "Viks" Kumar: Reyansh and Sunaina's best friend; Pooja's husband
* Prarthana Mondal as Pooja Kumar: Aradhana's best friend; Vikram's wife
* Aditya Bansal as Dr. Krishnan: Revathy's brother
* Disha Jain as Revathy: Krishnan's sister
* Tushar Kawale as Mayank Kaurani: Aradhana and Revathy's ex-boyfriend
* [[Tanaaz Irani]] as Beena: Oswan Bakery's owner
* [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]] as Malini "Mimi" Sehgal Khanna: Bhakti's best friend; Viren's wife; Aradhana, Kimaya, Kriti and Komal's mother
* Vimarsh Roshan as Viren Khanna: Malini's husband; Kimaya, Kriti and Komal's father; Aradhana's step-father
* Shreya Dave as Kimaya "Kimi" Khanna: Malini and Viren's eldest daughter; Kriti and Komal's sister; Aradhana's half-sister; Reyansh's ex-fiancée
* Aradhana Sharma as Kriti "Kiki" Khanna: Malini and Viren's second daughter; Kimaya and Komal's sister; Aradhana's half-sister; Jai's ex–fiancée
* Hritika Singh Kanwar as Komal "Koko" Khanna: Malini and Viren's youngest daughter; Kimaya and Kriti's sister; Aradhana's half-sister
* [[Sheetal Maulik]] as Neeta Khurana: Akash's wife; Jai and Varun's mother
* [[Pankit Thakker]] as Akash Khurana: Neeta's husband; Jai and Varun's father
* Akhil Wadhera as Varun Khurana: Neeta and Akash's younger son; Jai's brother
* Dipali Sharma as Baani: Jai's best friend

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Shivangi Joshi]] as Aradhana Sahni and [[Kushal Tandon]] as Reyansh Lamba were signed as the leads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/kushal-tandon-returns-to-tv-with-romance-drama-barsatein-mausam-pyaar-ka-519229|title=Kushal Tandon returns to TV with romance drama Barsatein: Mausam Pyaar Ka : The Tribune India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/shivangi-joshi-to-play-the-lead-in-barsatein-mausam-pyaar-ka-520908|title=Shivangi Joshi to play the lead in Barsatein: Mausam Pyaar Ka : The Tribune India}}</ref> In June 2023, Ali Khan joined the cast to play Vikram, Reyansh's friend.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/india/bohot-pyaar-karte-hain-actor-ali-khan-joins-the-cast-of-barsatein-to-play-kushal-tandons-best-friend-exclusive/articleshow/100820612.cms | title=Bohot Pyaar Karte Hain actor Ali Khan joins the cast of Barsatein, to play Kushal Tandon's best friend - Exclusive | access-date=12 July 2023 | archive-date=12 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712145542/https://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/india/bohot-pyaar-karte-hain-actor-ali-khan-joins-the-cast-of-barsatein-to-play-kushal-tandons-best-friend-exclusive/articleshow/100820612.cms | url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Development===
In June 2023, the series was announced on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] by [[Balaji Telefilms]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/barsatein-mausam-pyaar-ka-to-bring-stormy-romance-with-kunal-tandon-shivangi-joshi-23296479 | title='Barsatein-Mausam Pyaar Ka' to bring stormy romance with Kunal Tandon, Shivangi Joshi | date=7 July 2023 | accessdate=7 July 2023 }}</ref> The series marks television comeback of [[Kushal Tandon]] into fiction after 6 years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/kushal-tandon-to-make-comeback-television-after-6-years-in-sony-television-barsatein-mausam-pyaar-ka-backed-by-balaji-2398125-2023-06-26 | title=Kushal Tandon to make his comeback after 6 years, says 'TV has and will always…' | date=26 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-26}}</ref> The series marks the third collaboration between [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Kushal Tandon|Tandon]] after ''[[Hum - I'm Because of Us]]'' (2018) and ''[[Bebaakee]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/kushal-tandon-i-cancelled-on-ektas-projects-during-lockdown-im-doing-barsatein-to-undo-it/videoshow/101402581.cms | title=Kushal Tandon: I cancelled on Ekta's projects during lockdown; I'm doing Barsatein to undo it | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> It also marks the second collaboration between [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Shivangi Joshi|Joshi]] after ''[[Bekaboo]]'' (2023).

===Filming===
The [[principal photography]] commenced at the [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shivangi-joshi-kushal-and-i-met-for-the-first-time-a-few-days-ago-on-the-set-of-our-new-show-barsaatein/articleshow/101063612.cms | title=Shivangi Joshi: Kushal and I met for the first time a few days ago on the set of our new show Barsaatein | newspaper=The Times of India | date=17 June 2023 }}</ref> [[Shivangi Joshi]] and [[Kushal Tandon]] also went on to make special appearances in ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3]]'' and ''[[India's Best Dancer (Hindi TV series)|India's Best Dancer 3]]'' to promote the show.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/indias-best-dancer-kushal-tandon-reveals-sonali-bendre-is-his-childhood-crush-2400297-2023-06-30 | title=India's Best Dancer: Kushal Tandon reveals Sonali Bendre is his childhood crush | date=30 June 2023 }}</ref>

==Reception==
Prachi Arya of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Tandon effortlessly portrays his character's struggles, infusing the story with depth and relatability. Meanwhile, Joshi delivers a compelling performance, showcasing her versatility as an actress. Joshi's on-screen chemistry with Tandon is electric."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/barsatein-mausam-pyaar-ka-review-kushal-tandon-shivangi-joshi-promise-stormy-love-story-2404799-2023-07-11 | title='Barsatein' first impression: Kushal Tandon, Shivangi Joshi promise a stormy love story | date=11 July 2023 }}</ref> Sukarna Mondal of ''[[Times of India]]'' stated, "Kushal and Shivangi's pairing looks crackling. Kushal looks in his usual serious demeanour and Shivangi plays her role perfectly as a journalist."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/barsatein-mausam-pyar-ka-review-shivangi-joshi-and-kushal-tandon-share-a-crackling-chemistry-with-a-relatable-plotline/articleshow/101696920.cms | title=Barsatein – Mausam Pyar Ka Review: Shivangi Joshi and Kushal Tandon share a crackling chemistry with a relatable plotline | newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Result !! Ref
|-
|rowspan=2|2023
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Jury)]]
| rowspan=3|[[Shivangi Joshi]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web |date= 11 December 2023|title=ITA Awards 2023: Tejasswi Prakash, Harshad Chopda win big; Hrithik Roshan dances to 'Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ita-awards-2023-tejasswi-prakash-harshad-chopda-win-big-hrithik-roshan-dances-to-kaho-naa-pyaar-hai-9062956/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama Popular|Best Actress Popular]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Indian Telly Awards 2025|2025]]
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Outstanding Performer of the Year
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Telly Awards 2025 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html |date=23 July 2025 |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=Indian Telly Awards}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/barsaatein-mausam-pyaar-kaa-1700001259 ''Barsaatein - Mausam Pyaar Kaa''] on [[SonyLIV]]

{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}
{{Balaji Telefilms|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barsatein - Mausam Pyaar Ka}}
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

Kolathur (Kasaragod)

2025-12-26T15:02:18Z

Mvjceng: New

{{Short description|Village in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kolathur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.4577|N|75.0967|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasargod district|Kasargod]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| parts = [[Kasaragod taluk|Kasaragod]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = Bedadka Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 17.63
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,780
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], English <ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911111246/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 671541
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04994
| registration_plate = KL-14
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kasaragod]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|20c to 40c]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kolthur''' is a village in [[Kasaragod taluk]] of [[Kasaragod district]] in Indian state of Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kasargod.nic.in/tehsil/ |title=Taluk Offices |date= |author= |access-date= 24 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archivedate=8 December 2008 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref>

==Location==
Kolathur is located 19 km south east of [[Kasaragod|Kasaragod town]], 18 km north of [[Kanhangad]] and 7 km away from Poinachi on Poinachi-Bandadka-Kannadithode road.

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Kolathur village had population of 5,780 of which 2,710 are males and 3,070 are females. Kolathur village spreads over an area of {{cvt|17.63|km2}} with 1,331 families residing in it. The sex ratio of Kolathur was 1,133 higher than state average of 1,084. The population of children below 6 years was 11.2%. Kolathur had overall literacy of 87% lower than state average of 94%. The male literacy stands at 91.3% and female literacy at 83.2%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=86,87 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Administration==
Kolathur village is locally administered by [[Bedadka]] Grama Panchayat under [[Karadka]] Block Panchayat. Kolathur is politically a part of [[Udma (State Assembly constituency)]] in [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-18
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 66]] passes through [[Poinachi Junction]] which connects [[Mangalore]] and [[Mumbai]] in the northern side and [[Kochi]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in the southern side. Poinachi-Kannadithode road connects Kolathur with Poinachi, [[Bandadka]] and other nearby towns.
Both Kasaragod and Kanhangad railway stations are equidistant from Kolathur of 20 km away. The nearest airports are [[Mangalore International Airport]] and [[Kannur International Airport]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kasaragod district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kasaragod district]]

Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board

2025-12-18T21:23:06Z

Mvjceng: new new details

{{Short description|Indian statutory body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)
| type =
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| logo_alt =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| formed = {{Start date and age|df=y|2006|03|31}}
| agency_type =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| status =
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], India
| coordinates = 
| motto =
| employees =
| budget =
| minister_type =
| minister1_name = [[Hardeep Singh Puri]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas
| minister2_name = [[Suresh Gopi]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas
| chief1_name = Anil Kumar Jain
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position = 
| parent_department = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]
| child1_agency =
| keydocument1 = Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006
| website = {{URL|pngrb.gov.in}}
| agency_id =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
}}
'''Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board''' ('''PNGRB''') is a [[statutory body]] to regulate [[Downstream (petroleum industry)|downstream]] activities in the [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] sector in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Bill, 2005 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-petroleum-and-natural-gas-regulatory-board-bill-2005 |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]] |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> It was constituted under the act of [[Parliament of India]], namely Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006. Its primary functions include regulation of refining, transportation, distribution, storage, marketing, supply and sale of petroleum products and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=Saurav |title=Govt planning performance review of CGD networks, gas pipelines, petroleum product pipelines - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/govt-planning-performance-review-of-cgd-networks-gas-pipelines-petroleum-product-pipelines/103985627 |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=27 September 2023}}</ref>

==Composition==
Present composition is as follow

* AK Jain (Former IAS)([[Chairman]])
* Anjani Kumar Tiwari (Member, Monitoring & Infrastructure)
* A. Ramana Kumar(Member,Commercial)
* Jayanta Narayan Das(Member,Technical)
* [[Casual vacancy|Vacant]] (Member, Legal)

==Collaborations==
In 2023, PNGRB collaborated with the [[World Bank]] to prepare a roadmap for hydrogen blending in natural gas and its transmission through gas pipelines in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=PNGRB partners with World Bank to chalk out roadmap for hydrogen blending in natural gas |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/pngrb-partners-with-world-bank-to-chalk-out-roadmap-for-hydrogen-blending-in-natural-gas/articleshow/102430974.cms |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|pngrb.gov.in}}

[[Category:Energy regulatory authorities]]
[[Category:Regulatory agencies of India]]
[[Category:Institutions of Petroleum in India]]
[[Category:Regulatory boards]]

Justicia adhatoda

2025-12-13T04:28:55Z

Mvjceng: Stub

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Justicia adhatoda 1.jpg
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = Plummer, J. | title = ''Justicia adhatoda'' | article-number = e.T169274250A169300314 | year = 2021 | access-date = 14 May 2022}}</ref>
|taxon = Justicia adhatoda
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
{{Species list
|Adeloda serrata|Raf.
|Adhatoda pubescens|Moench
|Adhatoda vasica|Nees
|Adhatoda zeylanica|Medik.
|Dianthera latifolia|Salisb.
|Ecbolium adhatoda|(L.) Kuntze
|Gendarussa adhadota|(L.) Steud.
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Justicia adhatoda'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:50237-1#synonyms |access-date=2024-10-25 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Justicia adhatoda''''' commonly known in English as '''Malabar nut''', '''adulsa''', adhatoda, vasa, vasaka,<ref name=eol-common>{{ Cite encyclopedia | title = Common Names for Malabar Nut (Justicia adhatoda) | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Life | url = http://eol.org/pages/596715/names/common_names | access-date=3 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="AslamRais2013">{{cite journal|last1=Aslam|first1=Mohd|last2=Rais|first2=Sumbul|last3=Alam|first3=Masood|last4=Pugazhendi|first4=Arulazhagan|title=Adsorption of Hg(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Adulsa (Justicia adhatoda) Leaves Powder: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies|journal=Journal of Chemistry|volume=2013|year=2013|pages=1–11|article-number=174807 |issn=2090-9063|doi=10.1155/2013/174807|doi-access=free}}</ref> is native to [[Asia]].<ref name=eol-detail>{{ Cite encyclopedia | title = Facts about for Malabar Nut which are not known (Justicia adhatoda) | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Life | url = http://eol.org/pages/596715/details | access-date=3 January 2013 }}</ref> ''Adathoda'' means 'untouched by goats' in Tamil. The name derives from the fact that animals like goats do not eat this plant due to its extreme bitter taste.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

The plant's native range is [[Afghanistan]], the [[Indian subcontinent]] ([[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]] and [[Sri Lanka]]), [[Laos]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Vietnam]]. It has been introduced elsewhere.<ref name="POWO_50237-1">{{cite web |title=''Justicia adhatoda'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:50237-1 |access-date=2022-06-16 }}</ref>

It is used as a traditional medicinal plant.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Flora |author=M Iqbal Zuberi}}</ref>

==Description==
''Justicia adhatoda'' is a [[shrub]] with 10-20 lance-shaped leaves 8-9 centimeters in length by four wide. They are oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} When dry they are of a dull brownish-green colour. They are bitter-tasting. When a leaf is cleared with [[chloral hydrate]] and examined microscopically the oval [[stoma]]ta can be seen. They are surrounded by two crescent-shaped cells at right angles to the [[ostiole]]. The epidermis bears simple one- to three-celled warty hairs, and small glandular hairs. [[Cystolith]]s occur beneath the epidermis of the underside of the blade.<ref>Kumar, M., Dandapat, S., Kumar, A. and Sinha, M.P. Anti-typhoid activity of ''Adhatoda vasica'' and ''Vitex negundo'' Persian Gulf Crop Protection, 2013; 2(3): 64-75 http://corpprotection.ir/files_site/paperlist/Journal2-3-130906213336.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529085815/http://corpprotection.ir/files_site/paperlist/Journal2-3-130906213336.pdf |date=2015-05-29 }}</ref>

The trunk has many long opposite ascending branches, where the bark is yellowish in color. Flowers are usually white and the inflorescence shows large, dense, axillary spikes. Fruits are pubescent, and are with club-shaped capsules.

==Chemical composition==

The leaves of ''Justicia adhatoda'' contains phytochemicals such as [[alkaloid]]s, [[tannin]]s, [[saponin]]s, [[phenols|phenolics]] and [[flavonoid]]s.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} The most important is [[vasicine]], a [[quinazoline]] alkaloid.<ref name=eol-detail/> The vasicine yield of the herbage has been measured as 0.541 to 1.1% by dry weight. [[Bromhexine]], a serine protease inhibitor with mucolytic properties available over-the-counter in Europe, was developed from research on ''Justicia adhatoda''.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1186/s40248-017-0088-1|title = A reappraisal of the mucoactive activity and clinical efficacy of bromhexine|year = 2017|last1 = Zanasi|first1 = Alessandro|last2 = Mazzolini|first2 = Massimiliano|last3 = Kantar|first3 = Ahmad|journal = Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine|volume = 12|article-number = 7|pmid = 28331610|pmc = 5359817 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wiktionary|malabar nut}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=220006995 Flora of Nepal: ''Justicia adhatoda'']

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q61022811|from2=Q926757}}

[[Category:Justicia (plant)|adhatoda]]
[[Category:Flora of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Flora of Laos]]
[[Category:Flora of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Flora of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Siddha medicine]]

Tadepalli, Krishna district

2025-12-05T02:59:32Z

Mvjceng: made place

{{other uses|Tadepalle (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tadepalli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|36|12|N|80|37|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=14 February 2016|page=16,448|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.18
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1468
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Tadepalli''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Vijayawada Rural [[mandal]] of [[Vijayawada revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web|title=District Level Mandal wise List of Villages in Andhra Pradesh |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=19 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010053343/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|archivedate=10 October 2014|page=4|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Administrative Setup|url=http://krishna.nic.in/admin-setup.aspx|website=Official website of Krishna district|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=25 September 2015}}</ref> It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]].<ref name=crda>{{cite web|title=Declaration of A.P. Capital Region|url=https://andhranation.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/new-mandals-added-in-crda.pdf|website=Andhra Nation|publisher=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|accessdate=23 September 2015|format=PDF|date=22 September 2015|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085549/https://andhranation.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/new-mandals-added-in-crda.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]

{{Krishna-geo-stub}}

Raj Tarun

2025-11-27T08:06:08Z

Mvjceng:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raj Tarun
| image = Raj.Tarun.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|5|11}}
| birth_place = [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| alma mater =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2013–present
| awards =
}}

'''Raj Tarun''' (born 11 May 1992) is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].<ref name="birth">{{Cite web |date=29 October 2018 |title=Tollywood's rising starts under 30 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywoods-rising-stars-under-30/photostory/66416903.cms |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Tarun debuted with ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]'' (2013) for which won [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu]].<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2017 |title=Uyyala Jampala grosses 16 crores 32 lac tickets sold so far |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/uyyalajampala-grosses-16crores.html |access-date=25 July 2017 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

He has appeared in many successful films including ''[[Cinema Choopistha Mava]]'', ''[[Kumari 21F]]'', ''[[Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam]]'', ''[[Andhhagadu]]'', ''[[Lover (2018 film)|Lover]]'', ''[[Kittu Unnadu Jagratha]]'' and ''[[Iddari Lokam Okate]]''.

== Early life and career ==
Raj Tarun was born in [[Prahaladapuram]], [[Visakhapatnam]], India. He has acted in 52 short films, and dreamt of becoming a film director.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/raj-tarun-honest-confessions-telugu-news-147030.html |title=Raj Tarun's honest confessions |work=Indiaglitz.com|date=18 November 2015|access-date=2015-11-19}}</ref> He also worked on the screenplay and dialogues for his first film ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]''. He won the Best Debutant Actor award at the [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] in 2014, for ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html#second |title=SIIMA 2014 winners - Telugu |access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2015, he acted in ''[[Cinema Choopistha Mava]]'' and ''[[Kumari 21F]]'', and received praise for his performances.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tarun-and-Hebah-lock-lips-three-times-in-Kumari-21-F/articleshow/49818841.cms|title=Tarun and Hebah lock lips three times in Kumari 21 F|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=22 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hooli|first1=Shekhar H.|title=Kumari 21F has 3 liplock scenes: Hebah Patel, Raj Tarun talk about kissing, chemistry|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kumari-21f-has-3-liplock-scenes-hebah-patel-raj-tarun-talk-about-kissing-chemistry-655500|access-date=18 January 2016|work=International Business Times|date=19 November 2015}}</ref> He has appeared in many successful films including ''[[Kumari 21F]]'', ''[[Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam]]'', ''[[Andhhagadu]]'', ''[[Lover (2018 film)|Lover]]'', ''[[Kittu Unnadu Jagratha]]'' and ''[[Iddari Lokam Okate]]''.

In 2021, he played the lead in ''[[Anubhavinchu Raja]]''.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, he appeared in ''[[Stand Up Rahul]]''.<ref name=":1" />

His next film, ''Paanch Minar'', directed by Ramesh Kadumula, was launched in 2024 where he stars alongside [[Rashi Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-12 |title=Connect movies launch their first project with Raj Tarunn and Rashi Singh |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/12/connect-movies-launch-their-first-project-with-raj-tarunn-and-rashi-singh |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2013
| ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]''
| Suri
| Also screenwriter; [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Cinema Choopistha Mava]]''
| Kaththi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kumari 21F]]''
| Siddhu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
| ''[[Seethamma Andalu Ramayya Sitralu]]''
| Sri Ram
|
|
|-
| ''[[Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam]]''
| Ashwin
|
|
|-
| ''[[Majnu (2016 film)|Majnu]]''
| Hemanth
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
|''[[Naanna Nenu Naa Boyfriends]]''
| Raju
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
| ''[[Kittu Unnadu Jagratha]]''
| Kittu
| Also lyricist for "Johny Johny Yes Papa"
|
|-
| ''[[Andhhagadu]]''
| Gowtham
|
|
|-
| ''[[Balloon (2017 film)|Balloon]]''
| Jeevanandham
|[[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]]; cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
| ''[[Rangula Ratnam (2018 film)|Rangula Ratnam]]''
| Vishnu
| Also lyricist for "Prema Prema"
|
|-
| ''[[Raju Gadu]]''
| Raju
|
|
|-
| ''[[Lover (2018 film)|Lover]]''
| Raj
|
|
|-
| |2019
|''[[Iddari Lokam Okate]]''
| Mahi
|
|
|-
| |2020
|''[[Orey Bujjiga]]''
| Bujji
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021
| ''[[Power Play (2021 film)|Power Play]]''
| Vijay
|
|
|-
| ''[[Anubhavinchu Raja]]''
|Bangarraju
|
|<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Mega Power Star Ram Charan launches teaser of Anubhavinchu Raja |url=https://telanganatoday.com/mega-power-star-ram-charan-launches-teaser-of-anubhavinchu-raja |website=Telangana Today |date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022
| ''[[Stand Up Rahul]]''
| Rahul
|
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=Stand Up Rahul: Samantha Akkineni shares first-look of Raj Tarun, Varsha Bollama starrer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/stand-up-rahul-samantha-akkineni-shares-first-look-of-raj-tarun-varsha-bollama-starrer/articleshow/81663742.cms|access-date=28 June 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Manu Charitra]]''
|Ronson Joseph
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
| ''[[Naa Saami Ranga]]''
| Bhaskar
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/naa-saami-ranga-telugu-movie-review.html | title=Naa Saami Ranga Telugu Movie Review | date=14 January 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Purushothamudu]]''
| Rachit Ram
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/purushothamudu-review-in-telugu/0203/124137402 |title=Purushothamudu review: రివ్యూ: పురుషోత్తముడు.. రాజ్‌తరుణ్‌ ఖాతాలో హిట్‌ పడిందా? }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tiragabadara Saami]]''
|Giri
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhale Unnade]]''
|Radha
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/raj-taruns-next-is-titled-bhale-unnade-first-look-poster-out-now.html#google_vignette | title=Raj Tarun's next is titled Bhale Unnade; First look poster out now | date=14 January 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Chiranjeeva]]''
|Siva
|
|
|-
|''[[Paanch Minar]]''
|Krishna Chaitanya
|
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Notes
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (web series)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]''
| Seenu
| [[ZEE5]]
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|6044567}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarun, Raj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Visakhapatnam]]

Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu film)

2025-10-28T22:53:08Z

Mvjceng: rework article to improve readability

{{short description|1942 film by Chitrapu Narayana Rao}}
{{Distinguish|Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Kannada film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhakta Prahlada
| image = Bhakta Prahlada 1942.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao]]
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Sobhanachal productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1942|01|30|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Bhakta Prahlada''''' ({{translation|Prahalada, the devotee}}) is a 1942 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film produced by Sobhanachal Banners and directed by [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao]]. The film follows [[Prahlada]], a devotee of [[Vishnu]] in Hinduism. This is the second film based on the same story, but with more advanced technicians. The story is about the devotee [[prahlada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-turns-85-with-the-release-of-bhakta-prahlada-this-is-how-the-industry-was-born-4511000/|title=Tollywood turns 85: With the release of Bhakta Prahlada, this is how the industry was born|author=Krishna Vamsi|date=6 February 2017|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Vemuri Gaggaiah]]
* Rajeswari
* Narayan Rao
* [[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]]
* [[G. Varalakshmi]]

== See also ==
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'']] (1932), The first Telugu talkie and old Bhakta Prahlada movie

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070104221730/http://www.cinegoer.com/bhaktaprahlada.htm History of Bhakta Prahlada movies in telugu]
* {{IMDb title|0247202|Bhakta Prahlada}}

[[Category:1942 films]]
[[Category:1940s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films about Prahlada]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chitrapu Narayana Rao]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:1940s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1942 drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Bhagavata Purana]]
[[Category:Narasimha in popular culture]]

{{1940s-Telugu-film-stub}}
{{Hindu-film-stub}}

Raksel

2025-10-18T02:50:23Z

Mvjceng: new new details - done

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{{Short description|Clan of Rajputs in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
'''Raksel''' is a [[Rajput clan]] that claims descent from the [[Yaduvanshi Rajput|Yaduvanshi]] lineage of the [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravanshi]] dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Tahir Hussain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&dq=raksel+rajput&pg=PT135 |title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar |date=2019-06-20 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-65152-2 |language=en}}</ref>{{qn|date=October 2025}}<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT166|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|page=166}}</ref>

Raja Man Singh was ruling [[Palamu district|Palamu]] prior to the rule of the [[Chero dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJuAAAAMAAJ&q=raksel+dynasty|title=Bihar|website=books.google.com|access-date=1 September 2019|last1=Prasad|first1=Ram Chandra|year=1983}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/sunday-edition/palamu-forts--a-fading-heritage.html|title=Palamu Forts: A fading heritage|date=27 January 2019|newspaper=Daily Pioneer|first=Somen|last=Sengupta|accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref> A [[Chero dynasty|Chero]] chief of [[Shahabad district|Shahabad]], Bhagwant Rai, served under Man Singh of Palamu and assassinated Man Singh, taking advantage of the local Raja's absence at a ceremony at Surguja to raise the standard of revolt and founded his own kingdom around 1572.<ref name="raksel">{{cite book |author1=Tahir Hussain Ansari |title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar |date=20 June 2019 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000651522 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&q=Raksel+dynasty |language=English |format=Ebook}}</ref>{{bcn|date=December 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:History of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Jharkhand]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}