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History of the Indian cricket team

2023-09-23T00:13:39Z

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The Indian cricket team made its [[Test cricket]] debut in 1932 and has since advanced to be among the top four test teams in the [[ICC Test Championship|(ICC rankings)]] in each of 2005 to 2008.<ref>ICC website: [http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2005.html 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102023016/https://sportsartlive.com/history-of-cricket-in-india/|date=2 November 2008}} [http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2006.html 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917010946/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2006.html|date=17 September 2008}} [http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2007.html 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909125235/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2007.html|date=9 September 2008}} [http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2008.html 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905022636/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/rankings/rankings-test-2008.html|date=5 September 2008}}</ref> The team won the [[One Day International|ODI]] [[Cricket World Cup]] in [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]] and [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahesh|first=Ram|date=2011-04-03|title=India takes the World Cup in grand style|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/India-takes-the-World-Cup-in-grand-style/article14669600.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In other major International victories, Team India won the [[ICC World Twenty20|Twenty20 World Cup]] in [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prasad|first=Dhruva|title=T20 World Cup 2007: India's moment of reckoning|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/2021/magic-moments/t20-world-cup-2007-indias-moment-of-reckoning-world-twenty20-dhoni-captaincy-sept-24/article37049799.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref> and [[ICC Champions Trophy]] in [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]] and [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]''.''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chidananda|first=Shreedutta|date=2013-06-23|title=Sensational triumph for Dhoni's men|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/champions-trophy/sensational-triumph-for-dhonis-men/article4843192.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Cricket was introduced to the [[Indian subcontinent]] by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|first cricket club]] was established in 1792. India's national cricket team did not play its first [[Test cricket|Test match]] until 25 June 1932 at [[Lord's]], becoming the sixth team to be granted Test cricket status. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. In its first fifty years of [[international cricket]], India was one of the weaker teams, winning only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played. The team, however, gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as [[Sunil Gavaskar|Gavaskar]], [[Gundappa Viswanath|Viswanath]], [[Kapil Dev]], and the [[Indian spin quartet]].

India won its first [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] in [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]], under the captaincy of [[Kapil Dev]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|date=2019-06-27|title=India's 1983 World Cup win{{!}} When the manager flouted Board rules|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/when-the-manager-flouted-board-rules/article28162594.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The '80s and '90s also saw the debut of [[Sachin Tendulkar|Tendulkar]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/24921333|title=Sachin Tendulkar is greatest cricketer in history - Brian Lara|date=2013-11-12|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2020-02-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Saurav Ganguly|Ganguly]], [[Rahul Dravid|Dravid]],[[VVS Laxman|Laxman]] and [[Anil Kumble|Kumble]], considered to be among the greatest Indian players.

[[Saurav Ganguly|Ganguly]]'s, captaincy is considered to be the turning point of Indian cricket as it saw great success and became one of the dominant side of the sport, followed by the superb captaincy of [[MS Dhoni]] under whom India won its second World Cup in [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sheringham|first=Sam|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/9444277.stm|title=India power to World Cup triumph|date=2011-04-02|work=BBC|access-date=2020-02-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> the inaugural T20 World Cup in [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-18|title=India's team mentor Dhoni joins squad for T20 World Cup campaign|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/indias-team-mentor-dhoni-joins-squad-for-t20-world-cup-campaign-7576937/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and Champions Trophy in [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chidananda|first=Shreedutta|date=2013-06-23|title=Sensational triumph for Dhoni's men|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/champions-trophy/sensational-triumph-for-dhonis-men/article4843192.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Currently, [[Rohit Sharma]] is the captain of all 3 formats – [[Test cricket|Test]], [[One Day International|ODI]] and [[T20I]] teams.

== History ==
[[File:Lala_Amarnath_at_Lord's_1936.jpg|thumb|[[Lala Amarnath]] batting during a match against [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] at [[Lord's]], c. 1936]]

===Test status (1932–1970)===
{{See also|History of cricket in India to 1918|List of India Test cricketers|List of India ODI cricketers}}
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A few Indians played as members of the [[English cricket team]] while India was under [[British India|British rule]], including [[Ranjitsinhji]] and [[KS Duleepsinhji]], before we start with all of the history of Indian Cricket its very important to know about the person behind this great history of Indian Cricket. Maharaja Of Patiala Sir Bhupinder Singh or Bhuppa best known for his extravagance and for being a cricketer. His cricket teams – Patiala XI is among the best of India. He was a great patron of sports. Maharaja of patiala is the man behind the golden history of Indian Cricket. He sponsored various tours of India for cricket and various tournaments using his own money. He was captain of the Indian cricket team that visited England in 1911, and played in 27 first-class cricket matches between 1915 and 1937. For the season of 1926/27, he played as a member of Marylebone Cricket Club. He donated the Ranji Trophy in honour of Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji, Jam Sahib of Nawanagar. He was selected as the captain of India on its first Test tour of England in 1932, but dropped out for reasons of health two weeks before departure and the Maharaja of Porbandar took over.
All this way India becoming the sixth team to be granted test cricket status. India made its debut as a Test-cricket-playing-nation in England in 1932 led by [[CK Nayudu]], well before [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]. The team performed well, with [[Mohammad Nissar]] taking 5-93 and 1-42 in the match against England. The match was given test status despite being only 3 days in length. England, batting first, scored 258 with Nissar cleaning up the openers and tailenders. However the Indian team failed to capitalize on their bowling performance, all out for 189 with [[CK Nayudu]] the top scorer with 40 runs. England went on to score 275 and set India a target of 346, which always seemed out of the visitor's grasp. India were all out for 187 and lost by 158 runs.

The team's first series as an independent country was in 1948 against [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] at [[Brisbane]]. Australia were led by [[Sir Don Bradman]] while India was led by [[Lala Amarnath]]. The Australians returned home, winning the 5 Test series with the score 4–0.

[[File:Probir_Sen_with_Queen_Elizabeth_II.png|alt=|left|thumb|[[Queen Elizabeth II]] with members of the Indian team during the [[Indian cricket team in England in 1952|Indian tour of England in 1952]].]]
India's first ever Test victory came against England at [[Chennai|Madras]] in 1952. India's first series victory was against [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistan]] later the same year. In 1954, India drew a 5-Test series with Pakistan 0–0, the batting strength from India had come from [[Polly Umrigar]] and [[Vijay Manjrekar]] while the prime bowler was [[Subhash Gupte]] with 21 wickets in the series. India's first series against [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] in 1956 created a comprehensive series victory for India, winning the 5-Test series 2–0. [[MH Mankad]] was excellent in his batting, averaging 105.2 in the series while scoring 526 runs. Once again, S.M. Gupte held India's bowling together, with 34 wickets. The remainder of the 1950s did not show as good results as the start: India lost a 3-Test series to Australia (2-0), lost a 5-Test series against the [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] (3-0),

The team's performances again began to improve in the 1960s, starting with their first series win over England in 1961–62. During this time, India's strong record at home started to develop, in which the team won a series against New Zealand in 1965-66 and drew series against Pakistan, Australia and England. In 1967–68, India won their first series outside the [[subcontinent]] against New Zealand.

=== One-day cricket and World Cup success (1970–1985) ===
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[[Sunil Gavaskar]] made his debut for India in the West Indies in 1970-71 and immediately made an impact, scoring a total of 774 runs for the series and helping India to a 1–0 series win, their first ever win over the West Indies.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Karhadkar|first=Amol|date=2021-03-06|title=50 years on, Sunil Gavaskar recalls his debut Test|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/50-years-on-sunil-gavaskar-recalls-his-debut-test/article34000236.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Together with established players like [[Bishen Bedi]], [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]], [[Erapalli Prasanna]] and [[Bhagwat Chandrasekhar]], Gavaskar formed the nucleus of arguably India's strongest Test team up to that point in time. India's win over the West Indies was followed by home and away wins over England in 1971 and 1972–73.

During the 1980s, other players like [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], [[Ravi Shastri]], [[Laxman Sivaramakrishnan]], [[Sanjay Manjrekar]], [[Krish Srikkanth]] and [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]] emerged. India won the [[Cricket World Cup]] in 1983, defeating [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] in an exciting final.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=2019-05-26|title=Never thought we'd win the World Cup when we left India: Srikkanth|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/never-thought-of-winning-the-world-cup-when-we-left-india-srikkanth/article27255614.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Late 20th century (1985–2000) ===
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In 1985, India won the World Championship of Cricket in Australia. The Test series victory in 1986 in England remained, for nearly 19 years, the last Test series win outside [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]]. Sunil Gavaskar became the first batsman to accumulate 10,000 runs in Test cricket, and went on to register a record 34 centuries, surpassed only recently by [[Sachin Tendulkar]]. [[Kapil Dev]], a genuine all-rounder, became the highest wicket taker in Test cricket, surpassing [[Richard Hadlee]] to take a total of 434 wickets, a record which has since been broken by [[Courtney Walsh]], [[Shane Warne]] and [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] and has also been surpassed by fellow Indian [[Anil Kumble]].
The emergence of Sachin Tendulkar and [[Anil Kumble]] in 1989 and 1990 was to herald an era of Indian cricket that was dominated by stars and individual brilliance. Sachin Tendulkar became arguably the best batsman in the world, along with [[Brian Lara]] of the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and in 1998, Sir Donald Bradman himself remarked that Tendulkar batting style was similar to his. [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], who captained India for most of the 1990s, proved a captain whose main strength, if not his motivational skills, was an ability to stay cool under pressure. Azharuddin's artistic batting, however, declined during the later years of his captaincy, and his best innings during this time were mostly when playing at home. The [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabadi]] stylist's career ended after 99 Tests when he was banned for life after being implicated in the [[match-fixing]] scandal. Under his captaincy, the Indian team became virtually unbeatable at home, with big wins against teams such as England, Sri Lanka, South Africa and Australia. Their performances abroad, however, left a lot to be desired.

Towards the end of 1999, the Indian team was in flux. Although they had performed well in the [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]], the winter was marked by a disastrous tour to Australia which exposed the Indian team's weaknesses when playing abroad, marked with a loss of form of most of the batsmen, except Tendulkar and the newly emerged [[VVS Laxman]]. After Tendulkar quit captaincy and Azharuddin was banned for match-fixing, [[Sourav Ganguly]] took over as captain, and the New Zealander [[John Wright (cricketer, born 1954)|John Wright]] became coach.

=== Turn of the millennium (2000–2007) ===
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[[Sourav Ganguly]]'s captaincy heralded a new era in Indian cricket. It began in the famous series against Australia in 2001, when [[Steve Waugh]]'s strong team was defeated 2–1 in a Test series after having taken a 1–0 lead at [[Mumbai]]. The series is best known for a remarkable turnaround by the Indian team in the [[Kolkata]] Test, when VVS Laxman, Rahul Dravid and [[Harbhajan Singh]]'s performance took India to victory after they had [[follow-on|followed on]]. This series marked a turning point in the Indian team's fortunes, and provided the team with the boost they dearly needed. This was followed by stellar performances by the team when playing abroad, with Test victories coming in Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies, England, Australia, and a famous series victory against arch-rivals Pakistan in 2004. The series in England in 2002 is billed as Rahul Dravid's series, as he became the top scorer for the Indians, with centuries coming at [[Trent Bridge]] in [[Nottingham]], [[Headingley Stadium|Headingley]] in [[Leeds]] and a famous 217 at the [[The Oval|Oval]] in [[London]]. This was followed by a sensational win in Australia at [[Adelaide]] in 2003, where Dravid, VVS Laxman and [[Ajit Agarkar]] scripted a come-from-behind victory after the team had conceded 556 runs in the first innings. The series win in Pakistan that followed was marked by [[Virender Sehwag]] becoming the first Indian to score a triple century in Test cricket. Along with Sehwag, players like [[Yuvraj Singh]] and [[Mohammed Kaif]] emerged, making the Indian batting order one of the strongest in the world in both forms of the game*. Their performances helped reduced India's dependence on their top guns in one-day cricket, and a 7-batsman policy contributed to India's successes in the limited-overs game, culminating in their reaching the final of the [[2003 Cricket World Cup]]. In the bowling department, India unearthed a plethora of fast-bowling talent, with [[Zaheer Khan]], [[Ashish Nehra]], and later [[Irfan Pathan]] and [[L Balaji]] leading the pack. The veteran Anil Kumble became the highest wicket-taker for India after surpassing Kapil Dev, and also passed the 500-mark in March 2006. His bowling performances abroad improved considerably, and he played a major part in India's overseas performances in England, Australia and Pakistan. Harbhajan Singh also provided him great company in the spin department, and at home the two bowling in tandem became a familiar sight.

[[File:Tendulkar closup.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] celebrates upon reaching his [[List of international cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar|38th Test century]] against Australia at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]] in 2008.]]

* [[Rahul Dravid]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Virender Sehwag]] were selected to play for the [[2005 ICC Super Series|ICC World XI]] in the 2005 "[[ICC Super Series|SuperTest]]" against Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs ICC World XI Only Test 2005/06 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-xi-tour-of-australia-2005-06-208890/australia-vs-icc-world-xi-only-test-221840/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-10-23|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

In 2005, Indian cricket was again shrouded in controversy. After a somewhat slow season marked by a dip in team performance following the famous Pakistan series ended, the coaching job passed from John Wright to the Australian [[Greg Chappell]]. Saurav Ganguly, whose batting form had taken a beating in that year, was involved in a spat with Chappell over whether he should be continuing as captain to reduce pressure on him. This was followed by Ganguly being dropped from the team and Rahul Dravid taking over as captain. While Tendulkar, Sehwag and Dravid formed the mainstay of the Indian batting, the coming of age of players like Yuvraj Singh and Mohammad Kaif led to the emergence of younger stars like [[Suresh Raina]] and [[MS Dhoni]].

India's traditional strengths have always been its line-up of [[spin bowling|spin bowlers]] and [[batsman|batsmen]]. Currently, it has a very strong batting lineup with [[Rahul Dravid]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Virender Sehwag]] all being selected to play for the [[2005 ICC Super Series|ICC World XI]] in the 2005 "[[ICC Super Series|SuperTest]]" against Australia. In previous times, India was unique in that it was the only country to regularly field three spinners in one team, whereas one is the norm, and of the fifteen players to have taken more than 100 wickets, only four were pace bowlers from the last 20 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cricinfo.com/db/STATS/IND/BOWLING/TEST_BOWL_MOST_WKTS_IND.html|title=India - Test Career Bowling - Most Wickets|work=Cricinfo|access-date=26 October 2006}}</ref> However, in recent years, Indian pace bowling has improved, with the emerging talents of [[Irfan Pathan]], [[Munaf Patel]] and [[Sreesanth]] and many more playing in the national team. India, however have always struggled in the pace department with the only prominent pace bowler ever coming was [[Zaheer Khan]].

India has had a very good record against Australia and, before the 2004/05 tour, never being defeated by Australia in a Test Series in India since 1969. This was the reason for [[Australian national cricket captains|Australian captain]] [[Steve Waugh]] labelling India as the "Final Frontier".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/NATIONAL/IND/NEWS/STEVEWAUGH_COLUMN.html|title=Steve Waugh Column|first=Steve |last=Waugh |website=www.cricinfo.com/|access-date=21 September 2006}}</ref> The famous 2001 Australian tour of India saw [[Harbhajan Singh]] become the first Indian to take a Test hat-trick and started a good run for the team, as India beat Australia 2–1. India also came runners up to Australia in the final of the [[2003 Cricket World Cup]].

Since 2004, India had not been doing as well in One-day Internationals. The players who took India to great heights over the past ten years such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly and Anil Kumble grew older and did not maintain their form and fitness. Following the series loss to Australia, India collapsed on the final day in the Third Test in [[Bangalore]] in early 2005 against Pakistan to squander a series victory, and then lost four consecutive ODIs against Pakistan. This was exacerbated by the suspension handed to captain Ganguly for slow over-rates. [[Greg Chappell]] took over from John Wright as the new coach of the Indian cricket team following the series, and replaced Kumble and [[V. V. S. Laxman]] from the ODI team with younger players. India's unconvincing ODI form continued, scraping past a West Indian team depleted by industrial action in the [[2005 Indian Oil Cup]] and a similarly depleted Zimbabwean team only to be defeated twice in the finals by New Zealand, continuing a poor ODI finals record.

The tension resulted in a fallout between Chappell and Ganguly lead to a confidential email sent by Chappell to the BCCI being leaked, in which he condemned the leadership and performance of Ganguly. After a series of high-profile board meetings and public jousting including some players, [[Rahul Dravid]] was installed as the captain, triggering a revival in the team's fortunes. The Indians subsequently defeated Sri Lanka 6–1 in a home series. An important part about this series was the discovery of the young talent of the team, including [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Suresh Raina]], [[Gautam Gambhir]] and [[Irfan Pathan]]. The team also beat the Sri Lankans in the Test series 2-0 to displace England from its position in second place in the ICC Test rankings, but India slipped back by losing the high-profile<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/03/02/stories/2005030204681900.htm|title=TWI gets production rights for India-Pakistan series|publisher=The Hindu - Sport|website=www.hinduonnet.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126145458/http://hinduonnet.com/2005/03/02/stories/2005030204681900.htm|archive-date=26 November 2007|access-date=14 October 2006}}</ref> series to [[Pakistan]]. Indian team continued its good form in ODIs, beating [[Pakistan]] 4–1 in Pakistan. India achieved the world-record of winning 17 successive matches chasing the total. India convincingly won [[England]]'s tour of [[India]] winning the series 5–1. After leveling the DLF Cup series 1–1 in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[India]] travelled to [[West Indies]] where they lost the ODI series 1–4 to a weak West Indies team which was ranked 8th in the ICC ODI Ranking. The series loss again questioned the Indian team's ability to play away from the Sub-continent and the chances of the Indian team to win the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India can find right balance before World Cup - Gavaskar|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-can-find-right-balance-before-world-cup-gavaskar-260862|access-date=2021-10-06|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

Dravid's captaincy was cut short in the ill-fated 2007 World Cup, where India were out of the league stage following an embarrassing loss to Bangladesh. This was followed by Mahendra Singh Dhoni taking over the reins.

=== Under Dhoni, Kohli and Rohit (2007–present), Dhoni (2007-2017), Kohli (2014-2022), Rohit (2021-Present). ===
[[File:India_Vs_New_zealand_One_day_International,_10_December_2010_(6159883395).jpg|thumb|Indian players celebrating a wicket during their [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2010–11|series against New Zealand in 2010]].]]
Under MS Dhoni, India won the inaugural T20 World cup.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-16|title=The life and times of Mahendra Singh Dhoni|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/the-life-and-times-of-mahendra-singh-dhoni/article32364527.ece/photo/6/|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It also began an era of India's dominance in world cricket in both tests and ODIs, culminating in a victory in the 2011 Cricket World Cup and a 4–0 whitewash of Australia in a home test series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-vs-sri-lanka-final-433606/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs India Final 2010/11 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> It also saw Indian batsmen scoring the only 200s ever, first [[Sachin Tendulkar]] then [[Virender Sehwag]] and then [[Rohit Sharma]] on three occasions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Most runs in an innings {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972.html|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

Dhoni has been widely acknowledged as the most successful Indian captain ever.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-01-07|title=Dhoni: A remarkable captain|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/article17000462.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, following a drubbing in a test series down under in late 2014, he retired from tests.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dinakar|first=S.|date=2014-12-30|title=Dhoni retires from Test cricket|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-retires-from-Test-cricket/article10964560.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[File:VIRAT_KHOLI_&_DUNCAN_FLETCHER_(15570557124).jpg|alt=|left|thumb|[[Virat Kohli]] with coach [[Duncan Fletcher]], c. 2015.]]
In the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 World Cup]], India reached the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 2nd Semi-Final 2014/15 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587/australia-vs-india-2nd-semi-final-656493/full-scorecard|access-date=2021-10-22|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2017, [[India national cricket team|India]] toured England for the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]] where the [[Virat Kohli]] led mighty team lost to [[Pakistan]] in the final by 180 runs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chidananda|first=Shreedutta|date=2017-06-18|title=India vs Pakistan Champions Trophy 2017: an inspired Pakistan gives India a hiding|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/champions-trophy-final-2017-match-report-india-vs-pakistan/article19099767.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Later India toured the [[West Indies national cricket team|Windies]] where the team won the [[One Day International|ODI]] series by 3–1 but lost the [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] series. By defeating [[Sri Lanka]] by 9–0 in all three formats, India became the first team to cleansweep Sri Lanka in [[One Day International|ODI]] series in their home soil.<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|title=Rahane: India's aim 'to remain No. 1 in Tests'|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/rahane-indias-aim-to-remain-no-1-in-tests/article20444275.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref>

In January 2018, [[Virat Kohli]] led Indian team toured South Africa where they lost the Test series by 1–2.<ref>{{Cite news|author=The Hindu Net Desk|date=2018-01-13|title=India loses second Test, 3-match Test series to S. Africa; Ngidi picks 6 wickets|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/south-africa-vs-india-live-scorecard/article22435419.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> But the Team showed some extravagant skills and defeated the mighty South African team and clinched the [[One Day International|ODI]] series by 5–1<ref>{{Cite web|title=India vs South Africa ODI series report card: Virat Kohli, wrist-spinners pass with flying colours; AB de Villiers flunks |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/india-vs-south-africa-odi-series-report-card-virat-kohli-wrist-spinners-pass-with-flying-colours-ab-de-villiers-flunks-4356223.html|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> and [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] series by 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=Feb 25, 2018|title=India vs South Africa 3rd T20I: India beat South Africa by seven runs to win series 2-1 {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-south-africa/india-vs-south-africa-3rd-t20i-india-beat-south-africa-by-seven-runs-to-win-series-2-1/articleshow/63060966.cms|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> By the series win, India became the second Asian country to defeat South Africa in [[One Day International|ODI]] and [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] series on their home soil after [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]].

In the [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019 World Cup]], India were defeated in the semi-finals by New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=2021-06-23|title=WTC final {{!}} New Zealand beats India by 8 wickets to win World Test Championship title|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/icc-world-test-championship-final-india-vs-new-zealand-sixth-day-match-report-southampton/article34929207.ece|access-date=2021-10-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

A new era began when the captaincy was passed from [[Virat Kohli]] to [[Rohit Sharma]] and coaching shifted from [[Ravi Shastri]] to [[Rahul Dravid]]. Rohit has won various trophies as a captain when Virat was rested as The Asia Cup, Nidahas Trophy and won series against Sri Lanka, New Zealand. Under Rahul Dravid's coaching men in blue whitewashed New Zealand when it was led by Rohit Sharma with 3-0 with Rohit himself scoring 48, 55, 56 in 3 matches being the highest scorer in the series.

==International tournaments==
{{see also|India at the Cricket World Cup}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2020}}
Since advancing to full Test Status and the creation of more and more international cricket tournaments, India has slowly become involved in a number of Cricketing tournament's including the [[Cricket World Cup]], [[ICC Champions Trophy]] and [[Asia Cup]]. India's first two [[Cricket World Cup]]s were largely failures, and the team failed<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-19|title=Smriti Mandhana Says Indian Cricket Needs Six-Team Women's IPL - Betting Raja|url=https://betraja.in/smriti-mandhana-says-indian-cricket-needs-six-team-womens-ipl/|access-date=2021-12-18|language=en-IN}}</ref> to progress beyond the first round. But India upset the West Indies in the final of the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]] to claim the Prudential Cricket World Cup for the first time, captained by Kapil Dev. India and the West Indies had cruised through the preliminary rounds in Group B, while England and Pakistan emerged the victors from Group A. Most considered India to be the underdogs in the group stages, and their win against West Indies was categorized as similar to Zimbabwe's win over Australia in the same World Cup. They were, in fact, quoted as having odds of 66 to 1 before the beginning of the tournament.

[[Image:Wankhede-1.JPG|thumb|The Indian cricket team in action in the Wankhede Stadium]]India's performance in the remaining world cups has been considerably consistent. In the [[1987 Cricket World Cup]], the team advanced to the semi-finals as favourites, they did the same in 1996, both times they suffered upset defeats in the semi-finals. India was less strong in the [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], and did not make it past the Super Six section. However they impressed all in the [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 Cup]], only losing two games (both against reigning champions [[Australia]]) and advancing to the finals before taking a loss.

In the year after their World Cup victory, (1984) India continued its new-found dominance over One Day Cricket with a comprehensive win over arch-rivals [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] in the final. They went on to secure more victories over their Asian rivals, winning the 1984 [[Asia Cup]] with a victory over [[Sri Lankan cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in the finals. It won its third consecutive Asia Cup with a victory over Sri Lanka in 1990. It continued its strong streak in 1995, again beating Sri Lanka in the final. However, in 1997, a confident Sri Lanka riding on their first-ever World Cup victory swept past a weaker Indian side, breaking the 4-tournament winning streak.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of the Indian Cricket Team}}
[[Category:History of Indian cricket]]
[[Category:History of cricket by national team|Indian cricket]]
[[Category:History of organisations based in India|Cricket team]]

Delhi Capitals

2023-09-23T00:12:55Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: /* 2020 IPL */clean up excess link-scraping content, removed: - Firstcricket News, Firstpost (2)

{{Short description|Franchise team of IPL}}
{{about|men's cricket team|women's team|Delhi Capitals (WPL)|basketball team|Delhi Capitals (basketball)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Delhi Capitals
| image = Delhi Capitals.svg
| league = [[Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
| coach = [[Ricky Ponting]]
| chairman = [[Parth Jindal]]
| batting_coach = [[Pravin Amre]]
| bowling_coach = [[James Hopes]]
| fielding_coach = [[Biju George]]
| ceo =
| manager = Siddharth Bhasin
| adviser =
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| colours =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2008}} as '''''Delhi Daredevils'''''
| dissolved =
| ground = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| capacity = 55,000
| ground2 = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Naya Raipur]]
| capacity2 = 65,000
| owner = [[JSW Group|JSW Sports]] (50%) [[GMR Group]] (50%)
| website = {{URL|https://www.delhicapitals.in|delhicapitals.in}}
| h_title = Regular kit
| h_pattern_la =
| h_pattern_b = _dc23
| h_pattern_ra =
| h_pattern_pants =
| h_leftarm = ED1C24
| h_body = 0116CF
| h_rightarm = ED1C24
| h_pants = 011950
| t_title = India's Unique Diversity Tribute kit
| t_pattern_la = _dc23_indiauniquediversity
| t_pattern_b = _dc23_indiauniquediversity
| t_pattern_ra = _dc23_indiauniquediversity_02
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = 4582CC
| t_body = 4582CC
| t_rightarm = 4582CC
| t_pants = 4582CC
| current = [[Delhi Capitals in 2023]]
}}
{{Season sidebar
| title = Seasons
| list =
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2008|2008]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2009|2009]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2010|2010]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2011|2011]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2012|2012]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2013|2013]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2014|2014]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2015|2015]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2016|2016]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2017|2017]]
* [[Delhi Daredevils in 2018|2018]]
* [[Delhi Capitals in 2019|2019]]
* [[Delhi Capitals in 2020|2020]]
* [[Delhi Capitals in 2021|2021]]
* [[Delhi Capitals in 2022|2022]]
* [[Delhi Capitals in 2023|2023]]
}}
[[File:Axar.Patel.jpg|thumb|[[Axar Patel]] (Vice Captain)]]
[[File:DAVID WARNER (11704782453).jpg|thumb|[[David Warner (cricketer)]] (Captain)]]
[[File:Ricky Ponting 2015.jpg|thumb|[[Ricky Ponting]] (Head Coach)]]
'''Delhi Capitals''' (formerly '''Delhi Daredevils''') are  a professional franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Delhi]] that plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). The franchise is jointly owned by the [[GMR Group]] and the [[JSW Group|JSW Sports]]. The team's home ground is [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]] (formerly Feroz Shah Kotla), located in [[New Delhi]]. The team is coached by [[Ricky Ponting]]. The Capitals appeared in their first IPL final in [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020]] against [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Match 60: MI v DC, Match Centre|url=https://www.iplt20.com/match/60|access-date=10 November 2020|website=[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delhicapitals.in/twitter-reacts-after-we-qualify-for-the-playoffs-after-7-years|title=Twitter reacts after we qualify for the Playoffs after 7 years!|date=30 April 2019|website=Delhi Capitals|language=en|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref>

==Franchise history==
The IPL is a cricket league organised by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) and backed by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). The inaugural tournament was held in April–June 2008, in which BCCI finalised a list of eight teams who participated in the tournament. The teams represented eight different cities in [[India]], including [[Delhi]]. The teams were put up for auction in [[Mumbai]] on 20 February 2008, and the Delhi team was bought by the property development company [[GMR Group]] for US$84 million.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2008 |title=Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924082133/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/333193.html |archive-date=24 September 2018 |access-date=7 August 2019 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

In March 2018, GMR sold a 50% stake in the Delhi Daredevils to [[Parth Jindal#JSW Sports|JSW Sports]] for {{INRConvert|550|c}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 March 2018 |title=JSW Sports buys 50% stake in Delhi Daredevils |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jsw-sports-buys-50-stake-in-delhi-daredevils-1139543 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310011941/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22701069/jsw-sports-buys-50-stake-delhi-daredevils |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

In December 2018, the team changed its name from the Delhi Daredevils to the Delhi Capitals.<ref name="name">{{cite web|title=Delhi Daredevils renamed as Delhi Capitals|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/105463/delhi-daredevils-renamed-as-delhi-capitals|website=Cricbuzz|date=4 December 2018|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204215123/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/105463/delhi-daredevils-renamed-as-delhi-capitals|archive-date=4 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking to the rationale behind changing the team's name, co-owner and chairman [[Parth Jindal]] said, "Delhi is the power centre of the country, it is the capital, therefore the name Delhi Capitals."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.rooter.io/2018/12/05/delhi-capitals-ipl-2019-retained-released-players-team-news/ |title=Delhi Capitals IPL 2019: Retained, Released Players and Team News |author=Sunderam |website=rooter.io |date=5 December 2018 |access-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206234918/https://news.rooter.io/2018/12/05/delhi-capitals-ipl-2019-retained-released-players-team-news/ |archive-date=6 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Co-owner Kiran Kumar Grandhi said, "The new name symbolizes Delhi's identity and just like the city, we are aiming to be the centre of all action going forward."<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi Daredevils is now Delhi Capitals |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/delhi-daredevils-is-now-delhi-capitals/article25664076.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 December 2018 |access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>

== Seasons history ==

===2008 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2008}}

During the inaugural edition of the IPL, the Delhi Daredevils won their initial two matches against the [[Rajasthan Royals]] and the [[Deccan Chargers]]. Then, after losing a match to the [[Kings XI Punjab]], the team won their next two matches against the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] and the [[Chennai Super Kings]].{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

However, the Delhi Daredevils lost in four straight matches, breaking the streak with a win against the Deccan Chargers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/336020/delhi-daredevils-vs-deccan-chargers-37th-match-indian-premier-league-2007-08|title=Full Scorecard of Delhi Capitals vs Deccan Chargers, Indian Premier League, 37th match - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023180722/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/336020/delhi-daredevils-vs-deccan-chargers-37th-match-indian-premier-league-2007-08|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> After another loss against the Kings XI Punjab,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/336022/delhi-daredevils-vs-kings-xi-punjab-40th-match-indian-premier-league-2007-08|title=Full Scorecard of Delhi Capitals vs Kings XI Punjab, Indian Premier League, 40th match - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023180724/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/336022/delhi-daredevils-vs-kings-xi-punjab-40th-match-indian-premier-league-2007-08|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> they recovered and won three matches to finish in the final four of the league.

The Delhi Daredevils lost to eventual champions, the Rajasthan Royals, in the semi-final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Capitals vs Rajasthan Royals, 1st Semi-Final, May 30, Indian Premier League 2008 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-scores/10500/dc-vs-rr-1st-semi-final-indian-premier-league-2008 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>

===2009 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2009}}

The Daredevils dominated for much of the 2009 IPL season under the captaincy of former Indian opener and Delhi-native, [[Gautam Gambhir]], finishing at the top of the table. The likes of former Indian opener and triple-Centurion Sehwag and Gambhir had both developed since the prior season. They set up many large totals for the Daredevils, with South African power hitter and part-time keeper [[AB de Villiers]] hitting one of only two [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] in the [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009 IPL]] (the other was made by the young Indian batter [[Manish Pandey]]) at a match in South Africa. The bowling team, which was composed mainly of New Zealander [[Spin bowling|spin]] pro [[Daniel Vettori]], India senior spinner [[Amit Mishra]], [[Pradeep Sangwan]], and former India fast bowler [[Ashish Nehra]], was bolstered by the off-season signing of Australian [[Dirk Nannes]], which created a strong bowling line-up. The batting of the Daredevils featured Sehwag, Gambhir, power hitter [[Tillakaratne Dilshan|Dilshan]], AB de Villiers, and [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]. The Daredevils consisted of new and then uncapped players like Australia Captain [[Aaron Finch]] and Australia all-rounder [[Glenn Maxwell]], who went on to become successful in various T20 circuits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glenn Maxwell Profile - Cricket Player Australia {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/glenn-maxwell-325026 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

However, despite finishing at the top of the points table during the regular season, the Daredevils crumbled in the semi-final after [[Deccan Chargers]]' captain [[Adam Gilchrist]] hit the then fastest 50 in the IPL history (in just 17 balls).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Recent Match Report - Delhi Daredevils vs Deccan Chargers 1st Semi-Final 2009 {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/392237/delhi-daredevils-vs-deccan-chargers-1st-semi-final-indian-premier-league-2009|access-date=14 August 2020|website=www.espncricinfo.com|language=en}}</ref> Nannes in particular, who was again picked over Aussie pacer [[Glenn McGrath]], was punished by Gilchrist, and later by Aussie opening all-rounder [[Andrew Symonds]]. The semi-final loss meant Delhi did not contest the final of the 2009 IPL season, despite having the best record in the league stages. However, Delhi managed to qualify for the now-defunct [[2009 Champions League Twenty20]] as a result of their performance in the group stage.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

===2012 IPL ===
{{Main|Delhi Daredevils in 2012}}

Due to the disbanding of the [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]], each team played the remaining eight teams twice, once at home and once away. Therefore, each team played an extended season of 16 matches.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

In the 2012 IPL season, a new side of the Delhi Daredevils was seen after a poor 2011 season where they finished last. They came back strongly, having purchased players such as Afro-English batting great [[Kevin Pietersen]], Sri Lanka batter [[Mahela Jayawardene]], and Kiwi batter [[Ross Taylor]]. They stood first in the Pool Table with the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] at second place, the [[Mumbai Indians]] coming third, and the defending champions the Chennai Super Kings securing the fourth spot, consequently also qualifying for the [[Champions League Twenty20]] in 2012 held in [[South Africa]].

Australian pace bowler Glenn McGrath expressed disappointment over not being picked to play any match during the whole season, and stopped playing for Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/4000/disappointed-mcgrath-may-not-return.html|title=Disappointed McGrath may not return next season|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=22 May 2009|access-date=26 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601102745/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/4000/disappointed-mcgrath-may-not-return.html|archive-date=1 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

Former Sri Lankan skipper Mahela Jayawardane was appointed as the new captain of the Delhi Daredevils after Indian opener [[Virender Sehwag]] stepped down from captaincy during the 2012 season of the Champions League Twenty20.

===2013 IPL===
{{Main|Delhi Daredevils in 2013}}

Delhi Daredevils lost their first six matches of IPL 2013 and won their first match in their seventh game against the Mumbai Indians. Virender Sehwag and Mahela Jayawardene's partnership led to a win against the Mumbai Indians, in which they scored 161 runs. Sehwag was the "[[Player of the match|Man of the Match]]" for his innings of 95* off 57 balls. After this match, they faced the Kings XI Punjab and lost again. But in their ninth match of the season against the [[Pune Warriors India]], they won, putting them in eighth place in the points table. They defeated defending champions the Kolkata Knight Riders in their tenth match by seven wickets but failed to advance to the seventh place due to their net run-rate. In their next match against the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], the Delhi Daredevils were bowled out for just 80 runs, giving the Sunrisers a win. In their match against the Rajasthan Royals, they scored 154 runs, thanks to recruit [[Ben Rohrer]]'s half-century. However, that effort was in vain as the Rajasthan Royals chased the total down with the loss of only one wicket. This loss for the Daredevils officially eliminated them from the 2013 season.

In their next match against the Royal Challengers Bangalore, Delhi managed to contain the Royal Challengers who were 106 in 16.0 overs, but Bangalore scored 77 in their last 4 overs and reached a total of 183, thanks to a 99 by RCB skipper [[Virat Kohli]]. The Daredevils lost the match by just four runs. The team next played the Chennai Super Kings who batted first and posted 168 runs. Delhi failed to gain momentum throughout the match and eventually lost by 33 runs. The following match was against the Kings XI Punjab who defeated them again, this time by seven runs, as they failed to chase down 172 runs. Their final game was against the Pune Warriors India. Delhi bowled first and the Pune Warriors posted a total of 171 runs. In the second innings, Delhi maintained the required run rate but began losing quick wickets after the tenth over. They could not chase the target and lost by 38 runs finishing last in the league table. Despite seeing a forgettable season, a few big names were added to the support staff as the season progressed. The legendary [[West Indies]] batter [[Sir Vivian Richards]] was named as their new brand ambassador,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viv Richards signs on with Delhi Daredevils |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/viv-richards-signs-on-with-delhi-daredevils-631288 |access-date=14 August 2020 |website=www.espncricinfo.com |language=en}}</ref> former [[England]] spinner [[Jeremy Snape]] was added to the support staff, and renowned former [[Pakistan]] spinner [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] was named as their new spin bowling coach.

===2014 IPL ===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2014}}

Ahead of the IPL 2014 auction, on 10 January 2014, the Delhi Daredevils announced that they would not retain any players from their current squad for season seven. With no players retained, the team had the most "right-to-match" cards among all the franchises at the auction—three. They also had Rs 600 million (approx US$9.6 million) to spend at the auction.

The Delhi Daredevils experienced another poor season in 2014. They lost their first match, against the Royal Challengers Bangalore, however, they won their next match against the Kolkata Knight Riders. This was followed by a loss against the two-time champions the Chennai Super Kings and a close match which resulted in a loss against the Sunrisers Hyderabad. The Delhi Daredevils won their next match against the Mumbai Indians, having restricted them to 125. Later, when the tournament shifted from the makeshift venue in the United Arab Emirates ([[UAE]]) to India, Delhi lost their next nine matches. The Delhi Daredevils won only two out of their fourteen matches, both of which took place in the adopted venue in the UAE. Despite their poor performance, South Africa all-rounder [[JP Duminy]], the team captain scored 410 runs from 14 matches at an average of 51.25 and was the tournament's eighth highest run-scorer. The Delhi Daredevils once again finished last.

===2015 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2015}}

The team finished seventh in the 2015 edition of the IPL. They received fierce criticism from the Delhi fans due to their string of poor performances in the previous two years.

===2016 IPL ===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2016}}

The Delhi Daredevils released many of their players, including the previous year's most expensive purchase, all-rounder [[Yuvraj Singh]], whom they had bought for ₹16 crores. The Daredevils also released former Sri Lankan skipper and all-rounder [[Angelo Mathews]], who was bought for ₹7.5 crores. New additions to the team included uncapped all-rounder [[Pawan Negi]], who was bought for ₹8.5 crores, thereby becoming the most expensive Indian player in the IPL auction of 2016. Uncapped Indian batter, [[Sanju Samson]] and [[Karun Nair]], who previously played for the Rajasthan Royals, were also bought for hefty amounts. South African all-rounder [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] was bought for ₹7 crores. English keeper [[Sam Billings]] and Australian [[Joel Paris]] also joined the Delhi squad. The team purchased three promising India U-19 players—local keeper [[Rishabh Pant]], Rajasthan's pacer [[Khaleel Ahmed]] and [[Mahipal Lomror]]. After the Daredevils ended their association with South African batter [[Gary Kirsten]], they appointed [[Paddy Upton]] as their head coach. The Indian batter and head coach of India U-19, [[Rahul Dravid]] was appointed the Daredevils' batting mentor. Former Indian pacer [[Zaheer Khan]] was appointed as the new captain of the Delhi Daredevils in the 2016 IPL season. Relative to their performance in the previous three seasons, the Delhi Daredevils improved the way they played. South African all-rounder Chris Morris got the fastest 50 (17 balls) of the tournament and was also effective in the bowling department. South African wicket-keeper [[Quinton de Kock]] was among the leading run-scorers in the season. After losing their first match against two-time champions the Kolkata Knight Riders, the Daredevils went on to dominate the Kings XI Punjab, the Royal Challengers Bangalore, defending champions the Mumbai Indians, the Kolkata Knight Riders in the second leg, and newcomers the [[Gujarat Lions]]. They won 5 of their first 7 matches, gaining 10 points. They lost their second match against newcomers the Gujarat Lions by just one run. The Daredevils were the favourites to qualify for the playoffs; however, they finished in sixth with fourteen points in fourteen games.

===2017 IPL ===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2017}}

Delhi lost South Africans de Kock and Duminy before the tournament, placing dependence on a young batting line-up and a bowling line-up of former Indian pacer Zaheer Khan, Indian pacer [[Mohammed Shami]], South African all-rounder Chris Morris, Aussie bowling all-rounder [[Pat Cummins]], South African young pacer [[Kagiso Rabada]], Indian spinner [[Amit Mishra]], young spinner [[Shahbaz Nadeem]], [[Jayant Yadav]] and [[Ben Hilfenhaus]]. They lost to runners-up RCB in the first game and won by big margins against RPS and KXIP. After this, they lost five consecutive games. However, they bounced back by chasing 189 and 214 against defending champions SRH and GL respectively. Keralite wicket-keeper Sanju Samson got the first century of the season. Young wicket-keeper and local boy Rishabh Pant made 97 against GL. But the Delhi Daredevils lost to then two-time champions MI by a margin of 146 runs, which was the highest win by runs in the IPL history. During the middle of the tournament, captain and former Indian pacer Zaheer Khan was down with an injury to his hamstring which caused him to miss three matches, and young Indian batter Karun Nair was appointed as stand-in captain.

The Delhi Daredevils ended up in the sixth position again with six wins (+12 points) and eight losses for the season.

===2018 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Daredevils in 2018}}Going into the big auctions, each franchise were allowed to retain up to three players. Additionally, they could also use ''Right to Match'' cards to get back two players during the auctions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL franchises allowed to retain up to five players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-franchises-allowed-to-retain-up-to-five-players-1128689 |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=www.espncricinfo.com |language=en}}</ref> Delhi Daredevils retained [[Shreyas Iyer]], [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] and [[Rishabh Pant]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIVO IPL 2018 Player Retention announced|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/113790/vivo-ipl-2018-player-retention-announced|access-date=22 August 2020|website=www.iplt20.com|language=en}}</ref> Coach [[Rahul Dravid]] had to quit his job as the coach in order to protect his position as coach of [[India A cricket team|India A]] and [[India national under-19 cricket team|India U-19]], following a ''conflict of interest'' debate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2017|title=Rahul Dravid quits Delhi Daredevils, stays India 'A' coach|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rahul-dravid-to-continue-as-india-a-and-under-19-coach/story-nOoG0ZFsdKwM4cpWKBqByO.html|access-date=22 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Ricky Ponting]] was appointed as the new coach.<ref>{{Cite news|title=IPL 2018: Delhi Daredevils appoint Ricky Ponting as new head coach|url=https://scroll.in/field/863843/ipl-2018-delhi-daredevils-appoint-ricky-ponting-as-new-head-coach|access-date=22 August 2020|work=Scroll.in|language=en-US|date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

===2019 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Capitals in 2019}}

The Delhi Capitals retained 14 players and traded their former player and India opener [[Shikhar Dhawan]] from Sunrisers Hyderabad. This was done by trading off the young all-rounder [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]], and [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] and spinner Shahbaz Nadeem for the 12th season of the IPL. Retained players for the twelfth IPL season were: captain and Indian batter [[Shreyas Iyer]], Indian wicket-keeper and left-handed batter [[Rishabh Pant]], young Indian batter [[Prithvi Shaw]], Indian spinner Amit Mishra, young pacer [[Avesh Khan]], uncapped bowler and injured [[Harshal Patel]], uncapped bowling all-rounder [[Rahul Tewatia]], Jayant Yadav, [[Manjot Kalra]], New Zealand opener [[Colin Munro]], New Zealand pacer [[Trent Boult]], South African all-rounder [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]], young South African pacer [[Kagiso Rabada]] and young Nepalese spinner [[Sandeep Lamichhane]].

On the IPL auction day, 18 December 2018, DC filled up their 10 available player slots (seven Indian slots and three overseas slots) with: South African batter [[Colin Ingram]], Indian all-rounder [[Axar Patel]], Indian all-rounder [[Hanuma Vihari]], [[Sherfane Rutherford]], Indian pacer [[Ishant Sharma]], West Indian pacer [[Keemo Paul]], and uncapped Indian cricketers [[Jalaj Saxena]], [[Ankush Bains]], [[Nathu Singh (cricketer)|Nathu Singh]] and [[Bandaru Ayyappa]].

Delhi Capitals also brought the former Indian captain [[Sourav Ganguly]] as their official advisor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-delhi-capitals-appoint-sourav-ganguly-as-advisor/story-pKMg0YjM83rnM1fbAlvAIJ.html|title=IPL 2019: Delhi Capitals appoint Sourav Ganguly advisor|date=14 March 2019|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|access-date=19 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319034843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-delhi-capitals-appoint-sourav-ganguly-as-advisor/story-pKMg0YjM83rnM1fbAlvAIJ.html|archive-date=19 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and later traded Jayant Yadav to the Mumbai Indians after the IPL 2019 auction.

The Capitals began their campaign with a 37-run victory over 3-time champions Mumbai. The Capitals entered the playoffs after seven years, and they won their first playoffs match against the Sunrisers Hyderabad by two wickets. They lost the second match against the Chennai Super Kings by six wickets and ended up as second runners up in the playoffs, their best-ever finish.

===2020 IPL===
{{main|Delhi Capitals in 2020}}
Delhi Capitals released [[Hanuma Vihari]], Jalaj Saxena, Manjot Kalra, Ankush Bains, Nathu Singh, Bandaru Ayappa, [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]], [[Colin Ingram]], and [[Colin Munro]] from their 2019 roster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-2020-the-complete-list-of-players-delhi-capitals-released-and-retained/article29984431.ece|title=IPL 2020: The complete list of players Delhi Capitals released & retained|website=Sportstar|date=15 November 2019 |language=en|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> They have added [[Jason Roy]], [[Chris Woakes]] , [[Alex Carey (cricketer)|Alex Carey]], [[Shimron Hetmyer]], [[Mohit Sharma]], Tushar Deshpande, [[Marcus Stoinis]], and Lalit Yadav for their 2020 roster during the IPL Auction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ipl-auction-2020-why-delhi-capitals-buying-jason-roy-might-turn-out-to-be-redundant|title=IPL Auction 2020: Why Delhi Capitals buying Jason Roy might turn out to be redundant|date=21 December 2019|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/ipl-2020-auction-delhi-plug-holes-successfully-foreign-recruits-rajasthan-stay-thin-pace-department-7806251.html|title=IPL 2020 Auction: Delhi plug their holes successfully with foreign recruits; Rajasthan stay thin in pace department|website=FirstCricket|date=20 December 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/bbl-delhi-capitals-buy-marcus-stoinis-record-breaking-147-is-something-you-cant-miss-1141356|title=BBL: Delhi Capitals-Buy Marcus Stoinis' Record-Breaking 147* Is Something You Can't Miss|date=12 January 2020|website=news.abplive.com|language=en-US|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://validate.perfdrive.com/sportskeeda/captcha?ssa=8ebd3b3a-74c9-483c-506c-aa41b1c1dd09&ssc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportskeeda.com%2Fcricket%2Fipl-2020-best-delhi-capitals-xi-for-upcoming-season&ssi=6dcdf9c7-a33a-5580-5c29-1f17d8073b6a&ssk=contactus@shieldsquare.com&ssm=21893709610116081103454242805323&ssn=67081f9db5cf7f973998bed7afad949646856fe64abd-2b86-49f2-eb08b6&sso=784b7c7d-de0174f2839610cba066974f583c2f40c515dab6e1294fad&ssp=23605929241579362097157939040525863&ssq=66414957395259553417873952265352977462448&ssr=MjA4LjgwLjE1My4yNA==&sst=ZoteroTranslationServer/WMF%20(mailto:services@lists.wikimedia.org)&ssw=|title=ShieldSquare Captcha|website=validate.perfdrive.com|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref> Chris Woakes, however pulled out of the tournament and was replaced by South African fast bowler [[Anrich Nortje]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2020: Anrich Nortje replaces Chris Woakes at Delhi Capitals {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2020-anrich-nortje-replaces-chris-woakes-at-delhi-capitals-1229786 |access-date=19 August 2020 |website=www.espncricinfo.com |language=en}}</ref> Jason Roy, became the second player (and second English Player) from Capitals to pull out of the tournament due to injury concerns and personal reasons, he was replaced by Australian bowling all-rounder [[Daniel Sams (cricketer)|Daniel Sams]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=IPL 2020: Daniel Sams to replace Jason Roy at Delhi Capitals |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2020-daniel-sams-to-replace-jason-roy-at-delhi-capitals-1230616 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=espncricinfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

The team started well in the tournament, winning 7 out of the first 9 games.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Axar Patel Cameo, Shikhar Dhawan's Maiden IPL Ton Give Delhi Capitals Stunning Win Vs Chennai Super Kings|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-live-live-cricket-scores-delhi-capitals-vs-chennai-super-kings-ipl-2020-sharjah-pressure-on-ms-dhonis-csk/362371}}</ref> However, a string of four losses in a row put them in a position where losing their last match could result in failure to make it to the playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Akshay |last1=Ramesh |date=31 October 2020|title=IPL 2020: What Delhi Capitals need to do to qualify for play-offs after big defeat to Mumbai Indians|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2020/story/play-offs-scenario-delhi-capitals-chances-hit-rcb-final-match-must-win-mi-defeat-1736913-2020-10-31|access-date=6 December 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> They however, were able to defeat [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in the last match and thus, finished as the second ranked team in league stage.<ref>{{Cite news|title=DC vs RCB IPL 2020 Highlights: Delhi beats Bangalore to qualify for Playoffs; RCB enters Playoffs despite loss|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/dc-vs-rcb-delhi-capitals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-ipl-2020-live-score-streaming-updates/article33002738.ece|access-date=6 December 2020|work=Sportstar|language=en|date=2 November 2020}}</ref> Also, a win over Sunrisers Hyderabad in Qualifier 2 helped them reach the finals for the first time in the history of the IPL.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 November 2020|title=Maximum team effort: 'Delhi Capitals finally made it to the finals' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/delhi-capitals-finally-made-it-to-the-ipl-2020-finals-best-reactions-watch-highlights-7013646/|access-date=6 December 2020|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In the finals, they were defeated by Mumbai Indians—the only team that Delhi could not defeat in the tournament despite playing them 4 times.
Also, this was the most successful season for Delhi Capitals in the IPL history. In this season, all games were played in the UAE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/ipl-2020-to-be-held-from-19-september-to-8-november-in-uae-confirms-chairman-brijesh-patel-8634511.html|title = IPL 2020 to be held from 19 September to 8 November in UAE, confirms chairman Brijesh Patel | date=24 July 2020 }}</ref>

=== 2021 IPL ===
{{Main article|Delhi Capitals in 2021}}
The 2021 IPL season was held in India. All teams were scheduled to play at neutral venues (no team played at their home ground). On 30 March 2021, Delhi Capitals officially promoted [[Rishabh Pant]] to captain of the squad after Shreyas Iyer dislocated his shoulder while fielding a ball in the [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|ODI series against England]] and consequently, was ruled out of the 2021 IPL season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Shreyas Iyer ruled out of IPL 2021 after suffering shoulder injury with India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/shreyas-iyer-delhi-capitals-to-miss-indian-premier-league-14-7244291/|access-date=22 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Delhi Capitals had 3 matches at the [[Wankhede Stadium]], followed by 2 in Chennai, 4 in Ahmedabad and 5 in Kolkata. Delhi Capitals had won 6 games out of 8 matches and were placed at the top of the [[Standings|points table]] before the season was indefinitely suspended following a breach of the [[Bio-secure bubble|COVID-19 bio secure bubble]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2021 postponed as Covid-19 count increases|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-postponed-as-covid-count-increases-1262269|access-date=22 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> On 4 May, the tournament was suspended indefinitely, after a rise in [[COVID-19]] cases within the [[Bio-secure bubble|bio bubbles]] of some teams. At the time of the suspension, 31 of the scheduled 60 matches were still left to be played. On 29 May 2021, the BCCI announced that the remaining matches of the tournament would be played in the [[United Arab Emirates]] in September and October 2021. The schedule for the remainder of the tournament was released in July 2021.

===2022 IPL===
{{Main|Delhi Capitals in 2022}}

===2023 IPL===
The Delhi Capitals have made a significant announcement ahead of the IPL 2023. The team has named David Warner as its captain for the upcoming season, with Axar Patel as his vice-captain. The move comes after captain Rishabh Pant was ruled out of the tournament due to injury.

Delhi Capitals will play their first match against [[Lucknow Super Giants]] at [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium|Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium]], Lucknow on April 1, Sat.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thakur |first1=Vishal |title=Delhi Capitals Schedule 2023: Upcoming Matches and Fixtures |url=https://icachd.org/delhi-capitals-schedule/ |website=Icachd.org |date=14 March 2023 |publisher=Vishal |access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref>

==Home ground==
The Delhi Capitals play their home matches in the [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]] located in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DC vs SRH, IPL 2019: Feroz Shah Kotla is Sunrisers Hyderabad's fortress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/ipl-2019-delhi-capitals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-head-to-head-records-feroz-shah-kotla-stats-david-warner-jonny-bairstow-1493971-2019-04-04 |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=India Today |date=4 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> They also have the modern [[Raipur International Cricket Stadium|Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Stadium, Raipur]] as their second home ground, however they haven't played any matches there since 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Sonam |title=IPL special: 10 Indian cricket stadiums you should watch a match in |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/ipl-special-10-indian-cricket-stadiums-you-should-watch-a-match-in/ss46876875.cms |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] Travel}}</ref>

==Team anthems==
Bollywood playback singer [[Kailash Kher]] was the artist for the team's anthem "''Khelo Front Foot Pe''" ("Play on the front foot") or "play aggressively".<ref>{{Citation|title=Khelo Front Foot Pe Full Song|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXkMhDd3KNQ|language=en|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

The Delhi Daredevils launched their new anthem "''Munday Dilli Ke''" ("The Lads from Delhi"), sing by [[Jaspreet Jasz]] and composed by [[Arijit Datta]] and [[Micu Patel]] on 5 March 2012 on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/delhi-daredevils-launch-official-song-for-ipl5/920825/ |title=Delhi Daredevils launch official song for IPL-5 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=6 March 2012 |access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 March 2012|title=Munday Dilli Ke adds new flavour to Delhi Daredevils|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/munday-dilli-ke-adds-new-flavour-to-delhi-daredevils-112030600138_1.html|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>

Their anthem for the 2016 season of IPL, titled "''Dhuandaar Dilli''" was released on YouTube, sing by [[Sukhwinder Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Daredevil Anthem - Dhuandaar Dilli. A new anthem for the 2018 IPL season titled 'Dil Dilli Hai Dhadkega' was officially released by Delhi Daredevils franchise. This song is all about Delhi Daredevils cricket festival. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mY8TVxSebV8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/mY8TVxSebV8 |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=youtube.com |access-date=14 September 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2018, they released yet another theme song, titled "''Dil Dilli hai, ab Dhadkega''".

The theme song for the 2019 season for the rechristened franchise, the Delhi Capitals was "''Roar Machaa''" sung by [[Amit Trivedi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/watch-delhi-capitals-launch-official-anthem-roar-machaa-1502740550.html |title=Watch - Delhi Capitals launch official anthem Roar Machaa |publisher=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=24 March 2019 |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815114420/https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/watch-delhi-capitals-launch-official-anthem-roar-machaa-1502740550.html |archive-date=15 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Players==
{{main|List of Delhi Capitals cricketers}}
{{Update section|date=April 2023|reason=No new text since 2012}}

Former India Opener and Delhi local, [[Virender Sehwag]] was accorded the icon player status in the Delhi Daredevils team and was also the captain of the side during the first two seasons. However, he resigned and passed on the leadership to [[Gautam Gambhir]] for the 2010 season. But after Gambhir left the team for the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in the fourth edition, Sehwag was once again given the duty to captain the team. Since the start of the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] in 2008, many international players such as Australian [[Glenn McGrath]], South African batter and part-time keeper [[AB de Villiers]], Sri Lanka player [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]], Australia opener and former vice-captain [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], [[Andrew McDonald (cricketer)|Andrew McDonald]], New Zealand spinner [[Daniel Vettori]], [[Farveez Maharoof]], [[Dirk Nannes]] and Aussie opener [[Aaron Finch]] have donned the cap for the Daredevils. The team included Indian players like Tamil Nadu Middle-order batter and keeper [[Dinesh Karthik]] and [[Yo Mahesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2014 |title=IPL auction 2014: Dinesh Karthik bought by Delhi Daredevils for Rs 12.5 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-auction-dinesh-karthik-delhi-daredevils-rs-12.5-crore-180821-2014-02-12 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, [[Mohammad Asif (cricketer)|Mohammad Asif]] and [[Shoaib Malik]] left due to the ban on Pakistani players and Asif's positive drug test. Aussie opener [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], [[Andrew McDonald (cricketer)|Andrew McDonald]], English Opener [[Paul Collingwood]] and [[Owais Shah]] were the new signings. Fast bowler [[Ashish Nehra]] came in from [[Mumbai Indians]] as a trade-off for Indian Opener [[Shikhar Dhawan]]. For IPL 2010, Australian all-rounder [[Moises Henriques]] came in from the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in exchange for [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] and [[Owais Shah]]. [[Wayne Parnell]] was purchased at the auction for US$610,000.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

In 2012, they bought Sri Lankan [[Mahela Jayawardene]], Jamaican all-rounder [[Andre Russell]], [[Doug Bracewell]], [[Morne Morkel]] and English batter [[Kevin Pietersen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/photos/46/ipl-2012-match-23-delhi-daredvils-v-deccan-chargers|title=IPLT20.com - Indian Premier League Official Website|website=iplt20.com|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501165949/https://www.iplt20.com/photos/46/ipl-2012-match-23-delhi-daredvils-v-deccan-chargers|archive-date=1 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Daredevils also signed uncapped Indian all-rounder [[Pawan Negi]], batters [[Manpreet Juneja]] and Kuldeep Rawal ahead of the 2012 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 January 2012 |title=Delhi Daredevils sign Negi, Juneja, Raval |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-premier-league-2012-delhi-daredevils-sign-negi-juneja-raval-550409 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626185556/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-delhi/content/story/550409.html |archive-date=26 June 2012 |access-date=24 March 2012 |publisher=[[ESPNCricinfo]]}}</ref> The Daredevils appointed Mahela Jayawardene as vice-captain for 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-22 |title=Daredevils appoint Mahela as vice-captain |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/229335/daredevils-appoint-mahela-vice-captain.html |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> On 29 February 2012, the Daredevils signed Kiwi Batter [[Ross Taylor]] from the inaugural Champions [[Rajasthan Royals]] in a trade for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/555707.html |title=Daredevils sign Ross Taylor from Royals |author=Tariq Engineer |publisher=cricinfo.com |access-date=1 March 2012 |date=29 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701195127/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/555707.html |archive-date=1 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] is most valuable player and highest runner in 2022

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Year
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor (front)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest branding
|-
|2008
|rowspan=6|[[Adidas]]
|rowspan=3|[[Hero MotoCorp|Hero Honda]]
|[[Religare]]
|[[Adidas]]
|-
|2009
|[[Jetking Infotrain|Jetking]]
|[[GMR Group|GMR]]
|-
|2010
|rowspan=5|[[Idea Cellular|Idea]]
|rowspan=4|[[Panasonic]]
|-
|2011
|rowspan=3|[[Muthoot Group]]
|-
|2012
|-
|2013
|-
|2014
|rowspan=2|[[Arvind (company)|Flying Machine]]
|[[Quikr]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/delhi-daredevils-rope-in-quikr-as-principal-sponsor-of-franchise-for-ipl/articleshow/33669972.cms |title=Delhi Daredevils rope in Quikr as principal sponsor of franchise for IPL |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=13 April 2014 }}</ref>
|[[Justdial.com|Justdial]]
|-
|2015
|rowspan=5|[[Daikin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/daikin-renews-sponsorship-with-delhi-daredevils/article8381190.ece |title=Daikin renews sponsorship with Delhi Daredevils |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=21 March 2016 }}</ref>
|[[Lux Cozi]]
|[[Arvind (company)|Flying Machine]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/delhi-daredevils-2015-ipl-jerseys-t-shirts-india |title=Delhi Daredevils 2015 IPL jerseys and t-shirts now available in India |publisher=Sportskeeda |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=16 April 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|2016
|rowspan=2|Shiv Naresh
|rowspan=2|[[Mankind Pharma|Manforce]]
|[[Karbonn Mobiles|Karbonn]]
|-
|2017
|[[Jio]]
|-
|2018
|T10 Sports<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/delhi-daredevils-ropes-in-12-sponsors-expects-significant-revenues-from-ticket-sales-in-ipl-11/articleshow/63528666.cms |title=Delhi Daredevils ropes in 12 sponsors, expects significant revenues from ticket sales in IPL 11 |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=29 March 2018 }}</ref>
|NatureFresh<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/delhi-daredevils-ropes-in-12-sponsors-expects-significant-revenues-from-ticket-sales-in-ipl-11/articleshow/63528666.cms |title=Delhi Daredevils ropes in 12 sponsors, expects significant revenues from ticket sales in IPL 11 |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=29 March 2018 }}</ref>
|[[Suzuki Gixxer]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/delhi-daredevils-ropes-in-12-sponsors-expects-significant-revenues-from-ticket-sales-in-ipl-11/articleshow/63528666.cms |title=Delhi Daredevils ropes in 12 sponsors, expects significant revenues from ticket sales in IPL 11 |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=29 March 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|2019
|rowspan=2|SqadGear
|APL Apollo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/apl-apollo-announces-its-prestigious-association-with-team-delhi-capitals-for-ipl-2021-for-the-3rd-time20210409175617 |title=APL Apollo announces its prestigious association with team - 'Delhi Capitals' for IPL 2021, for the 3rd time |publisher=ANI News |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=9 April 2021 }}</ref>
|[[Lotus Herbals]]
|-
|2020
|rowspan=4|[[JSW Group|JSW]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/delhi-capitals-jsw-group-principal-sponsor-three-years-term-2021-23/article33995348.ece |title=JSW group named as principal sponsor of Delhi Capitals |publisher=Sportstar |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=5 March 2021 }}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Ebix|EbixCash]]<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/10/31/1938629/0/en/EbixCash-Joins-Delhi-Capitals-As-Principal-Sponsor.html |title=EbixCash Joins Delhi Capitals As Principal Sponsor |publisher=GlobeNewswire |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=31 October 2019 }}</ref>
|rowspan=3|APL Apollo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/apl-apollo-announces-its-prestigious-association-with-team-delhi-capitals-for-ipl-2021-for-the-3rd-time20210409175617 |title=APL Apollo announces its prestigious association with team - 'Delhi Capitals' for IPL 2021, for the 3rd time |publisher=ANI News |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=9 April 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|rowspan=3|[[Wrogn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ipl-2021-delhi-capitals-signs-25-sponsors-11617786751096.html |title=IPL 2021: Delhi Capitals signs 25 sponsors |publisher=Mint |author=Saumya Tewari |access-date=10 February 2022 |date=7 April 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Octa<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/octa-to-become-a-principal-sponsor-for-delhi-capitals/2440391 |title=Octa to become a principal sponsor for Delhi Capitals |publisher=Financial Express |access-date=7 March 2022 |date=21 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[DP World]]
|Greenpanel
|}

== Current squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who is fully unavailable
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#EEE8AA|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who will be partially unavailable

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Signed year
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 28 || [[Ripal Patel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1995|9|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 31 || '''[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age|1986|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.25|c}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]{{efn|name=Captain|Rishabh Pant was originally named captain but after Pant was ruled out due to injury, Warner was named as his replacement.}} ; Overseas
|-
| 37 || '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1989|09|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} ||
|-
| 9 || '''[[Rilee Rossouw]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1989|10|09|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.6|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 52 || '''[[Rovman Powell]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age|1993|7|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.8|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 100 || '''[[Prithvi Shaw]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1999|11|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.5|c}} ||
|-
| 22 || [[Yash Dhull]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2002|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 11 || [[Priyam Garg]]|| {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2000|11|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|fast-medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;" | {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Replacement for [[Kamlesh Nagarkoti]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 1 || [[Abishek Porel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2002|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| || Replacement for [[Rishabh Pant]]
|-
| 61 || '''[[Phil Salt]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age|1996|08|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-style="background:#FFCCCC"|
| 17 || '''[[Rishabh Pant]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|10|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;" | 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16|c}} || {{efn|name=Captain}}
|-
| 97 || [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|10|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 6 || [[Aman Hakim Khan|Aman Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1996|11|23|df=y}} || Right-Handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 8 || '''[[Mitchell Marsh]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age|1991|10|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 20 || '''[[Axar Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1994|1|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} || Vice-captain
|-
| 16 || [[Lalit Yadav (Delhi cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|1|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|65|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
| 29 || '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1988|09|02|df=y}} || Right-Handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 49 || '''[[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|10|12|df=y}} || Right-Handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.5|c}} ||
|-
| 02 || '''[[Anrich Nortje]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1993|11|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 90 || '''[[Mustafizur Rahman]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age|1995|09|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| || '''[[Lungi Ngidi]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1996|3|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas
|-
| 71 || '''[[Khaleel Ahmed]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|12|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.25|c}} ||
|-
| 55 || '''[[Chetan Sakariya]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1998|2|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} ||
|-style="background:#EEE8AA"|
| 5 || [[Kamlesh Nagarkoti]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1999|12|28|df=y}} || Right-Handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
| 46 || [[Praveen Dubey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|7|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 23 || '''[[Kuldeep Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm unorthodox|unorthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||
|-
| || [[Vicky Ostwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2002|09|01|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align: center;"| Source: [https://www.delhicapitals.in/players DC Players]
|}
{{Notelist}}

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|Team Manager||Siddharth Bhasin
|-
|Director of Cricket || [[Sourav Ganguly]]
|-
|Head Coach|| [[Ricky Ponting]]
|-
|Assistant Coach|| [[Pravin Amre]]
|-
|Bowling Coach|| [[James Hopes]]
|-
|Fielding Coach|| [[Biju George]]
|-
|Assistant Fielding Coach|| [[Gnaneswara Rao (cricketer)|Yalaka Gnaneswara Rao]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align center;"| Source:<ref>https://www.delhicapitals.in/players DC Staff</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=https://twitter.com/DelhiCapitals/status/1674354995184164864/photo/1 |url=https://twitter.com/DelhiCapitals/status/1674354995184164864/photo/1 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Seasons ==

=== Indian Premier League ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background:#fff; width:40%; text-align:center"
|- style="text-align:center;" |
! Year
! League standing
! Final standing
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2008|2008]]'''
|4th out of 8
| Semi-finalists
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2009|2009]]'''
| 1st out of 8
| Semi-finalists
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2010|2010]]'''
| 5th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2011|2011]]'''
| 10th out of 10
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2012|2012]]'''
| 1st out of 9
| Playoffs
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2013|2013]]'''
| 9th out of 9
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2014|2014]]'''
| 8th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2015|2015]]'''
| 7th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2016|2016]]'''
| 6th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2017|2017]]'''
| 6th out of 8
| League stage
|-
!'''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2018|2018]]'''
| 8th out of 8
| League stage
|-
! '''[[Delhi Capitals in 2019|2019]]'''
| 3rd out of 8
| Playoffs
|-
! '''[[Delhi Capitals in 2020|2020]]'''
| 2nd out of 8
| style="background: silver;" | '''Runners-up'''
|-
! '''[[Delhi Capitals in 2021|2021]]'''
| 1st out of 8
| Playoffs
|-
!'''[[Delhi Capitals in 2022|2022]]'''
| 5th out of 10
| League stage
|-
!'''[[Delhi Capitals in 2023|2023]]'''
| 9th out of 10
| League stage
|}

=== Champions League T20 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Year
! League standing
! Final standing
|-
!'''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2009|2009]]'''
|6th out of 12
|League stage
|-
!'''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2010|2010]]'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |DNQ
|-
!'''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2011|2011]]'''
|-
!'''[[Delhi Daredevils in 2012|2012]]'''
|3rd out of 14
| Semi-finalists
|}

==Statistics==
{{main|List of Delhi Capitals records}}

===Result Summary===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Played
! Won
! Lost
! Super over+Win
! Super over+Lost
! Tied
! No Result
! Win %
|-
! Total || 236 || 104 || 125 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 44.06
|-
|colspan=9| Last Updated: 12 May 2023<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=117;type=trophy |title= Season Summary |access-date=1 October 2020 |work= ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
|}

===Head to Head===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Opponent
! Played
! Won
! Lost
!Tied+W
!Tied+L
! Tied
! No result
! Win %
|-
|[[Chennai Super Kings]] || 28 || 10 || 18
|0
|0|| 0||0 || 35.71
|-
|[[Gujarat Titans]] || 3 || 1 || 2
|0
|0|| 0||0 || 33.33
|-
|[[Deccan Chargers]] || 11 || 7 || 4
|0
|0|| 0||0 || 63.63
|-
|[[Gujarat Lions]] || 4 || 3 || 1
|0
|0||0|| 0 || 75.00
|-
|[[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || 2 || 1 || 1
|0
|0||0|| 0 || 50.00
|-
|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 32 || 15 || 16
|1
|0||0|| 0 || 46.87
|-
|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|3
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0.00
|-
|[[Mumbai Indians]]|| 33 || 15 || 18
|0
|0||0|| 0 || 45.45
|-
|[[Pune Warriors India]]|| 6 || 3 || 2
|0
|0||0|| 1 || 60.00
|-
|[[Punjab Kings]]|| 30 || 14 || 15
|1
|0||0|| 0 || 48.33
|-
|[[Rajasthan Royals]]|| 27 || 13 || 14
|0
|0|| 0||0 || 48.14
|-
|[[Rising Pune Supergiant]]|| 4 || 2 || 2
|0
|0|| 0||0 || 50.00
|-
|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]|| 31 || 11 || 18
|0
|1||0|| 1 || 35.48
|-
|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 23 || 10 || 12
|1
|0||0|| 0 || 43.47
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan="11" | Last updated: 12 May 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=117;team=4344;type=trophy|title=Team records – Results summary|publisher=ESPN|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=1 October 2020}}</ref> 
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.iplt20.com/teams/delhi-capitals IPL team Delhi capitals web page on official IPL T20 website - IPLT20.com]
*[http://www.delhicapitals.in/ The Official Delhi Capitals Site]
*[https://cricketally.in/delhi-capitals-team-2023-player-list-name-photo-captain-retains/ Delhi Capitals Team 2023 Player List, Name, Photo, Captain, Retains]

{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Delhi Capitals}}
{{Delhi Capitals squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delhi Capitals}}
[[Category:Delhi Capitals| ]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2008]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League teams]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in India]]
[[Category:JSW Group]]
[[Category:GMR Group]]

Sukhee

2023-09-15T13:11:52Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker:

{{short description|2023 Indian drama film}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sukhee
| image =
| caption =
| director = Sonal Joshi
| writer = {{plainlist|
* Radhika Anand
* Paulomi Dutta
* Rupinder Inderjit
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Bhushan Kumar]]
* Krishan Kumar
* Vikram Malhotra
* Shikhaa Sharma
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]]
* [[Amit Sadh]]
* [[Dilnaz Irani]]
* [[Kusha Kapila]]
* [[Pavleen Gujral]]
}}
| cinematography = R. Dee
| editing = Vini N Raj
| music = '''Score:''' Karan Kulkarni '''Song:''' Sagar Desai [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
| studio = Abundatia Entertainment [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]
| distributor = [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Sukhee''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi-language]] [[comedy film]] directed by Sonal Joshi in his directorial debut. It stars [[Shilpa Shetty]] in the lead role with [[Amit Sadh]], [[Dilnaz Irani]], [[Kusha Kapila]] and [[Pavleen Gujral]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sukhee trailer: Shilpa Shetty is a confined housewife who breaks free|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sukhee-trailer-shilpa-shetty-is-a-confined-housewife-who-breaks-free-8927240/|access-date=2023-09-15|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shilpa Shetty is a housewife reclaiming her happiness in ‘Sukhee’|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/sukhee-trailer-features-shilpa-shetty-kusha-kapila-in-slice-of-life-film/cid/1965026|access-date=2023-09-15|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> The film is scheduled for released on 22 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shilpa Shetty-starrer 'Sukhee' books September 22 as release|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shilpa-shetty-starrer-sukhee-books-september-22-as-release-date/articleshow/102981373.cms|access-date=2023-09-15|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
A humorous slice-of-life tale about 38-year-old Punjabi housewife Sukhpreet "Sukhee" Kalra, who, sick of her routine existence, travels to Delhi to attend her high school reunion. Sukhee relives her teenage years while experiencing a variety of things over the course of just seven days, emerging reignited, reborn, and making the hardest shift of her life—from being a wife and mother to being a woman once more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shilpa Shetty reveals what makes her ‘Sukhee’|url=https://theprint.in/feature/shilpa-shetty-reveals-what-makes-her-sukhee/1755750/|access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The Print}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]] as Sukhpreet "Sukhee" Kalra
* [[Amit Sadh]]
* [[Kusha Kapila]]
* [[Dilnaz Irani]]
* [[Pavleen Gujral]]
* Chaitannya Choudhry
* [[Kiran Kumar]]
* [[Vinod Nagpal]]
* Purnima Rathod
* Sejal Gupta
* Komal Sachdeva
* Anjali Sharma
* Maahi Jain
* Jyoti Kapoor
* Sushma Prashant

==Production==

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sukhee
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Karan Kulkarni, Sagar Desai, Badshah, Arko Pravo Mukherjee
| released = 15 September 2023
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| recorded = 2022
| length =
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| misc =
}}

The music of the film is composed by
Sagar Desai and Karan Kulkarni with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] and [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]] while lyrics written by Raja Dilwala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Sukhee’ New Song Nasha Out Now! Shilpa Shetty Sets The Dance Floor Ablaze With Her Thumkas, Put On Your Dancing Shoes & Get Ready To Groove!|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/sukhee-new-song-nasha-out-now-shilpa-shetty-sets-the-dance-floor-ablaze-with-her-thumkas-put-on-your-dancing-shoes-get-ready-to-groove/|access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Koimoi.com}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Title Track
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = ''Nasha''
| extra1 = [[Badshah (rapper)|Badsha]], Chakshu kotwal, Afsana khan
| lyrics1 = Raja Dilwala
| music1 = [[Badshah (rapper)|Badsha]], Hiten
| length1 = 2:19
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt18266472}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sukhee/ ''Sukhee''] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

[[Category:2020s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Aditya Dicky Singh

2023-09-10T08:08:36Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: Just finished crafting a new chapter.

{{Short description|Indian conservationist and photographer (1966–2023)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aditya 'Dicky' Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1966|05||df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|09|06|1966|05|df=y}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Conservationist, photographer
| spouse = Poonam Singh
| children = 1
}}

'''Aditya 'Dicky' Singh''' (May 1966 – 6 September 2023) was an Indian wildlife conservationist and wildlife photographer.<ref name=IE>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aditya-dicky-singh-ranthambores-bureaucrat-turned-conservationist-dies-57-8927424/|title=Aditya ‘Dicky’ Singh, Ranthambore’s bureaucrat-turned-conservationist, dies at 57|first=Hamza|last=Khan|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=H>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/conservationist-aditya-dicky-singh-who-left-civil-services-to-build-forest-dies-at-57/article67277643.ece|title=Conservationist Aditya ‘Dicky’ Singh, who left civil services to build forest, dies at 57|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|website=thehindu.com|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=DH>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/conservationist-aditya-dicky-singh-who-left-civil-services-to-build-forest-dies-at-57-2675405|title=Conservationist Aditya 'Dicky' Singh, who left civil services to build forest, dies at 57|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|publisher=[[deccan Herald]]|website=deccanherald.com|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh was educated at the [[Modern School, Barakhamba]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dickysingh.com/about/|title=Me|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=SNF>{{cite web|url=https://www.sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/meet-aditya-dicky-singh|title=Meet Aditya Dicky Singh|author=[[Bittu Sahgal]]|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref>

Singh had a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from [[Bangalore]].<ref name=MANSWORLD>{{cite web| url= https://www.mansworldindia.com/experiences/photography/meet-aditya-dicky-singh-the-photographer-who-raised-a-forest/|title=Meet Aditya ‘Dicky’ Singh, The Photographer Who Built A Forest|first=Shail|last=Desai|publisher=Man's World| website =mansworldindia.com|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> He was an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer. He joined and then left the [[Civil Services of India|Indian Civil Service]] to pursue his interests in wildlife conservation and wildlife photography.<ref name=H/>

Singh was famous for his project on the edge of [[Ranthambore National Park]] in [[Rajasthan]], India in which he converted 40 acres of land on the edge of Ranthambore into a wild area over decades from 1998 onwards.<ref name="H" />

Initially, Singh and his wife leased government property in [[Khilchipur]] which they transformed into a resort that started operations in 1998. Eventually, they closed down their resort and had a six-room luxury homestay in their own house.<ref name=MANSWORLD/>

Singh was either a field assistant or a line producer for many wildlife documentaries for the [[BBC]]'s Wildlife Division, [[National Geographic]] Film and Television, Japan's NHK Broadcasting Service, Irish television, and others.<ref name=IE/>

Singh bought a patch of land near Ranthambore Fort in 2000. Eventually, he had accumulated 50 acres of land and he decided to reforest the area. They kept buying patches of adjacent land which they fenced off and left unattended. It took a decade for trees to grow back on their land.<ref name=MANSWORLD/>

Singh was involved in tiger conservation projects and also played a key role in the setting up, planning and execution of an anti-poaching initiative called 'Operation Co-Operation' which was a joint effort between the local Forest Department and the Ranthambhore National Park, and which led to the identification and capture of tiger poachers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bqprime.com/nation/renowned-wildlife-photographer-aditya-dicky-singh-dies-at-55|title=Renowned Wildlife Photographer Aditya 'Dicky' Singh Dies At 57|website=bqprime.com|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>

Singh was the author of the book "Noor: Queen of Ranthambore" about the tigress Noor.<ref name=H/>

== Personal life and death ==
Dicky Singh was married to Poonam, and had a daughter named Nyra.<ref name="H" />

Singh died of a heart attack in his sleep on 6 September 2023, at the age of 57.<ref name="H" />

[[Valmik Thapar]] described Singh as one of the finest wildlife photographers.<ref name="DH" />

== Awards ==
Singh won the Carl Zeiss Award for Conservation in 2012 and the Sanctuary Wildlife Photographer of the Year award in 2011.<ref name=SNF/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{twitter|adityadickysin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Aditya Dicky}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

Pawan Yadav

2023-09-01T21:51:12Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: Wrote an in-depth manuscript.

#REDIRECT [[Pawan Kumar Yadav]]

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Sahara India Pariwar

2023-08-26T00:15:04Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: clean up excess link-scraping content, replaced: News , Firstpost → News, Firstpost, removed: -Business News, Firstpost

{{Short description|Indian conglomerate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sahara India Pariwar
| logo = SIP-logo eng new-(rgb).jpg
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| genre =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1978}} ([[Gorakhpur]], India)
| founder = [[Subrata Roy]]
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Subrata Roy]] {{small|(Chairman)}}
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| products = [[Financial services]] Construction Mass media and entertainment Real Estate Sports Power Manufacturing Digital education E-commerce Electric vehicle Hospital Hospitality Life insurance Artificial intelligence Co-operative society Retail [[Outsourcing|IT and outsourcing]]
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Subrata Roy]] (100%)
| num_employees = 12 [[lakh]] (includes salaried employees, consultants, field workers, agents & business associates)
| parent =
| divisions = 80+
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.sahara.in/|sahara.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sahara India Pariwar''' (''pariwar'' being [[Hindi]] for "family") is an Indian [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. The group operates business sectors such as finance, infrastructure & housing, real estate, sports, power, manufacturing, media & entertainment, health care, life insurance, educational institute, offline online education (edunguru), retail, E-commerce (online/offline shopping), electrical vehicle (sahara evols), hospital, artificial intelligence, hospitality, and co-operative society. The group has been a major promoter of sports in India and was the title sponsor of the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]], [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian national hockey team]] and [[Bangladesh national cricket team]], [[Force India]] [[Formula One]] team among many other sports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahara.in/statement.html|title=Sahara India Pariwar:: Commitment – World's Largest Family|author=Sahara India|website=www.sahara.in|access-date=8 April 2012|archive-date=1 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401045403/http://www.sahara.in/statement.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/698615.html |title=India Cricket News: Sahara Group mulls sponsorship re-bid for Indian team |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=8 December 2013 |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216222326/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/698615.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Businesses==

Sahara India Pariwar was founded by [[Subrata Roy]] Sahara in 1978.<ref>{{cite news|title=About Subrata Roy Sahara|url=https://www.subrataroysahara.com/biography/about-subrata-roy-sahara/|access-date=4 November 2020|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423042308/https://www.subrataroysahara.com/biography/about-subrata-roy-sahara/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=30295315&privcapId=10851474&previousCapId=20375105&previousTitle=Sahara%20Housingfina%20Corporation%20Ltd |title=Subrata Roy Sahara |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=12 September 2011 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155651/https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks?blocklist=3511059 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2004, Sahara group was termed by the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as ‘the second largest employer in India' after the [[Indian Railways]]. The group operates more than 5,000 establishments across India<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tamal|first1=Bandyopadhyday|title=Sahara: The Untold Story|date=June 2014|publisher=Jaico Publishers|location=Delhi, India|edition=1|url=https://www.amazon.com/Sahara-Untold-Story-Tamal-Bandyopadhyay-ebook/dp/B00KS46HQO|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211153744/http://www.amazon.com/Sahara-Untold-Story-Tamal-Bandyopadhyay-ebook/dp/B00KS46HQO|url-status=live}}</ref> with the employee strength around 12 [[lakh]] (both field and office) under the Sahara India umbrella.<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/saharas-subrata-roy-is-planning-a-comeback-and-high-on-his-priority-is-online-education-4161227.html |title=Sahara's Subrata Roy is planning a comeback and high on his priority is online education |publisher=Firstpost.com |date=2017-10-21 |accessdate=2022-04-14 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106064428/http://www.firstpost.com/business/saharas-subrata-roy-is-planning-a-comeback-and-high-on-his-priority-is-online-education-4161227.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Real estate===

Sahara India Real Estate Company and the Sahara Housing Investment Corporation are subsidiaries of the conglomerate. They buy and develop land for residential housing projects across India. The company has its projects spread in almost all over India.<ref>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-05/news/27734073_1_sushanto-roy-sahara-group-residential-projects, Sahara Group enters real estate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155650/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms |date=12 March 2023 }}, ''The Economic Times'', 5 February 2008</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/The+good+life/1/4550.html THE GOOD LIFE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218110629/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/The+good+life/1/4550.html |date=18 February 2012 }}, ''INDIA TODAY'', 15 February 2008</ref> Sahara has a collaboration with [[Turner Construction]], an American building company, in some of its projects.<ref>[http://in.reuters.com/article/sahara-turner-idINDEE81808G20120209 Sahara launches construction JV with Turner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111082326/http://in.reuters.com/article/sahara-turner-idINDEE81808G20120209 |date=11 January 2016 }}, rel="nofollow",''REUTERS'', 9 February 2012</ref>

=== Electric vehicles ===
Sahara India Pariwar announced the launch of [[Electric vehicle|Electric Vehicles]] under the brand name Sahara Evols in June 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/auto/sahara-to-roll-out-evols-electric-vehicle-range-later-this-year-2182045.html|title=Sahara to Roll Out 'Evols' Electric Vehicle Range Later This Year|work=News 18|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116052518/https://www.news18.com/news/auto/sahara-to-roll-out-evols-electric-vehicle-range-later-this-year-2182045.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahara-makes-foray-into-ev-business-119060400863_1.html|title=Subrata Roy's Sahara enters automobile sector; to offer wide range of EVs|work=Business Standard|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116052450/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahara-makes-foray-into-ev-business-119060400863_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The product line of Sahara Evols initially consists of [[motorbikes]], [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooters]], [[Electric rickshaw|e-rickshaws]] and [[Three-wheeler|3-wheeler]] cargo vehicles, [[charging station]]s and [[Lithium-ion battery|EV batteries]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/sahara-group-bets-on-electric-vehicles-with-launch-of-sahara-evols/|title=Lucknow's Sahara Group Ventures Into EV With Launch Of Sahara Evols|work=Inc 42|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117210001/https://inc42.com/buzz/sahara-group-bets-on-electric-vehicles-with-launch-of-sahara-evols/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pressroom.today/2019/06/04/sahara-enters-automobile-sector-rolls-out-the-largest-range-of-electric-vehicles-in-india/|title=Sahara enters Automobile Sector; rolls out the largest range of Electric Vehicles in India|work=Pressroom Today|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116052522/https://pressroom.today/2019/06/04/sahara-enters-automobile-sector-rolls-out-the-largest-range-of-electric-vehicles-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sports===

Sahara owns several professional sports teams in India in a variety of sports. In badminton, it owns the [[Awadhe Warriors]] of [[Lucknow]], one of the eight teams in the [[Indian Badminton League]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130721232448/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-16/badminton/40612101_1_indian-badminton-league-top-four-franchises-ibl Sahara buys IBL's Lucknow franchise], ''The Times of India'', 16 July 2013</ref> It owned the [[Pune Warriors India]], a franchise cricket [[cricket team|team]] that played in the [[Indian Premier League|Indian Premier League (IPL)]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2011/news/2-new-IPL-teams-cost-more-than-first-8-squads-together/iplarticleshow/5709804.cms 2 New IPL Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607214614/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2011/news/2-new-IPL-teams-cost-more-than-first-8-squads-together/iplarticleshow/5709804.cms |date=7 June 2011 }}, ''The Times of India'', 22 March 2010</ref>

The company launched the Sahara Warriors Polo Team in 2012.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://post.jagran.com/sahara-india-pariwar-launches-polo-team-sahara-warriors-1353562384| title= Sahara India Pariwar launches Polo team Sahara Warriors| date= 22 November 2012| access-date= 17 December 2012| archive-date= 5 December 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121205062850/http://post.jagran.com/Sahara-India-Pariwar-launches-Polo-team-Sahara-Warriors-1353562384| url-status= live}}</ref> From 2005 to 2014 [[Calcutta Football League]] was sponsored by Sahara.
In July 2012, Sahara India Pariwar picked up the Lucknow franchise of the [[Hockey India League]], the [[Uttar Pradesh Wizards]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/article3675379.ece | title= Sahara to own hockey franchise | date= 24 July 2012 | location= Chennai, India | work= The Hindu | access-date= 25 July 2012 | archive-date= 27 July 2012 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120727043159/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/article3675379.ece | url-status= live }}</ref> It was also the sponsor of the [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh Cricket Team]] from 2012 to 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sahara set to become Bangladesh sponsor|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/sahara-set-to-become-bangladesh-sponsor/364892-78.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228210837/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cricketnext/sahara-set-to-become-bangladesh-sponsor/364892-78.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-02-28|access-date=24 February 2014|newspaper=IBNLive|date=2012-05-30}}</ref>

===Media and entertainment===

The group owns the national Hindi news channel ''Jain TV''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131217115811/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sahara-samay-bags-international-honour/articleshow/1070998.cms Sahara Samay bags international honor], ''The Economic Times'', 6 April 2005</ref>

The group owns Headend-in-the-sky Platform ''Jainhits'',.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/feb/01sahara.htm, Sahara plans three weekly newspapers], Rediff.com, 1 February 2003</ref>
.<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/25059.html, Sahara One Motion Pictures – a banner in the right direction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102003821/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/25059.html, |date=2 November 2013 }}, IndiaGlitz.com,5 September 2006</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1820906520100918 Indian {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Congolomerate}} In Talks About MGM Bid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126034152/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1820906520100918 |date=26 January 2022 }}, Reuters, 18 September 2010</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5GTTr6kQlzLmHQkpcodm8VdvnkAD9IEECQG1 Sahara Says MGM Studio Creditors Reject $2 Billion Bid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928113357/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5GTTr6kQlzLmHQkpcodm8VdvnkAD9IEECQG1 |date=28 September 2010 }}, Google, 24 September 2010</ref>

===Hotels===
[[File:Grosvenor House Hotel 1920s 001.jpg|thumb|left|[[Grosvenor House Hotel]], 1920s postcard illustration]]

Sahara owned a controlling stake in New York's [[Plaza Hotel]] and Dream Downtown Hotel, New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/CorporateNews/New-York-s-Plaza-Hotel-sold-to-Sahara-for-570-million/Article1-905742.aspx |title=Sahara checks into iconic New York hotel |work=Hindustan Times |date=31 July 2012 |access-date=30 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140128082727/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/CorporateNews/New-York-s-Plaza-Hotel-sold-to-Sahara-for-570-million/Article1-905742.aspx |archive-date=28 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131102170940/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-31/india-business/28237182_1_grosvenor-house-sahara-india-sahara-group Sahara buys UK hotel for Rs 3,275cr], ''The Times of India'', 31 December 2010</ref> Sahara sold the hotel to [[Katara Hospitality]] in July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|first1=Craig|last1=Karmin|first2=Keiko|last2=Morris|date=3 July 2018|title=New York's Iconic Plaza Hotel Sold to Qatar Fund for $600 Million|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-yorks-iconic-plaza-hotel-sold-to-qatar-fund-for-600-million-1530633873|access-date=1 December 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031136/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-yorks-iconic-plaza-hotel-sold-to-qatar-fund-for-600-million-1530633873|url-status=live}}</ref>

In India, the group owns the "Sahara Star" hotel near Mumbai's [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport]].

===Finance===
Sahara has interests in insurance and asset management. Sahara India Life Insurance Company Ltd.- has been granted licence by the insurance regulator – the IRDAI on 6 February 2004. With this approval, Sahara India Life Insurance Company Ltd. becomes the first 100% wholly and purely Indian company, without any foreign collaboration to enter the Indian Life insurance market. The launch is with an initial paid-up capital of [[Indian rupee|₹]]157 [[crore]]s. Sahara India Life Insurance Company Ltd. (SILICA) is a [[life insurance]] company in the private sector, Sahara Asset Management Company Pvt. Ltd. manages 16 equity and debt mutual funds. Sahara Banking & Financial Services Fund has been adjudged the Best Performing Banking Sector Fund over a three-year performance by the international agency "Lippers" in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cafemutual.com/UploadPdf/634840988848668750_Lipper%20Fund%20Awards%202012%20India.pdf | title=LIPPER FUND AWARDS 2012 INDIA WINNERS LIST, "cafemutual.com" | access-date=15 January 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015031625/http://cafemutual.com/UploadPdf/634840988848668750_Lipper%20Fund%20Awards%202012%20India.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Retail===

On 13 August 2012, Sahara India announced the opening of its retail [[Fast Moving Consumer Goods|FMCG]] business named 'Q shop' (Quality shop) with an initial investment of ₹3,000 crores. Sahara also announced hiring 6,00,000 sales personnel and 3,000 customer care executives.<ref>[http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/sahara-enters-retail-to-launch-800-q-shops/1/187143.html, Sahara enters retail, to launch 800 'Q' Shops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155710/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/sahara-enters-retail-to-launch-800-q-shops-33322-2012-08-13 |date=12 March 2023 }}, ''Business Today'', 16 August 2012</ref> At its launch, Subrata Roy said that Sahara had been planning for this venture for the last two years and was opening 'Q shops' in major cities across the country to provide adulteration-free consumer merchandise including processed food and beverages to buyers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814142216/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/CorporateNews/Sahara-in-Rs-3-000-cr-Q-Shop-retail-foray/Article1-913134.aspx Sahara in Rs. 3,000-cr ‘Q Shop’ retail foray], ''Hindustan Times'', 13 August 2012</ref> The group said it would set up 305 warehouses in 285 cities in a phased manner.

Sahara India Pariwar's Sahara Q Shop entered into the [[Guinness World Records]] when it opened 315 outlets in 10 states of India, just at one time on 1 April 2013.<ref name="Good Herald">{{Cite press release |last=Ahadion |first=Ayat |date=5 June 2017 |title=Sahara Q shop makes it to the Guinness World Records |url=https://goodherald.com/sahara-q-shop-makes-it-to-the-guinness-world-records/ |publisher=Good Herald |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803211442/https://goodherald.com/sahara-q-shop-makes-it-to-the-guinness-world-records/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Health care===

The group owns a hospital in [[Lucknow]] by the name Sahara Hospital. This hospital became operational in February 2009 and is currently operating with approximately 350 beds, including 120 bed Critical Care Infrastructure which is expandable to 554 beds.<ref>[http://www.expresshealthcare.in/200904/market01.shtml Nawabi Entry in Healthcare] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204072156/http://www.expresshealthcare.in/200904/market01.shtml |date=4 December 2012 }}, ''Express Healthcare'', 1 April 2009</ref>

===Information technology===
Under the name "Sahara Next", the company offers information technology consulting services in banking, finance, media and entertainment, chemicals, and CRM.

Subrata Roy has been planning to foray into online education in India, which is targeted at small towns and villages. He has put in place a team that consists of members from top universities and colleges across India and abroad.<ref name="firstpost.com"/> The route map of the program has been prepared, and 14,000 hours of lectures have been prepared for this.<ref>{{cite web |author=TNN / Updated: Nov 25, 2017, 11:28 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/sahara-eyes-slice-of-online-education-sector/articleshow/61792105.cms |title=Sahara eyes slice of online education sector | Ranchi News - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2017-11-25 |accessdate=2022-04-14 |archive-date=26 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126001007/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/sahara-eyes-slice-of-online-education-sector/articleshow/61792105.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The group also announced on 1 July 2018, that it is entering into new businesses which are at different levels of development, and will be launched one after another in the year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deccanchronicle.com/business/companies/020718/sahara-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-fy19.html|title=Sahara confident of getting out of financial constraints by FY19|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703134257/https://deccanchronicle.com/business/companies/020718/sahara-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-fy19.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Former===
The group owned an airline, [[Air Sahara]], which it sold to Jet Airways in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jet buys Sahara Airlines at Rs 1450 cr |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/jet-buys-sahara-airlines-at-rs-1450-cr/articleshow/1898015.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404090047/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/jet-buys-sahara-airlines-at-rs-1450-cr/articleshow/1898015.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2011, Sahara purchased 42.5% of the [[Force India]] [[Formula One]] team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sahara Group takes 42.5% stake in Force India Formula One team|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/oct/12/sahara-force-india-formula-one?newsfeed=true|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=12 October 2011|access-date=12 October 2011|location=London|archive-date=14 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214113538/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/oct/12/sahara-force-india-formula-one?newsfeed=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sahara buys 42% stake in Mallya's Force India F1 team |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/Sahara-buys-42-stake-in-Mallyas-Force-India-F1-team/articleshow/10329046.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=12 October 2011 |access-date=12 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015000425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/Sahara-buys-42-stake-in-Mallyas-Force-India-F1-team/articleshow/10329046.cms |archive-date=15 October 2011 }}</ref> The team finished as best 4th in the constructors championship in 2016 and 2017.
[[File:F1 2012 Jerez test - Force India 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|British driver [[Paul di Resta]] driving the [[Force India VJM05]] carrying Sahara branding]]

The team went into administration in mid-2018 and was later sold and renamed [[Racing Point Force India|Racing Point Force India F1 Team]].

The group runs a school in Pune, the International School Aamby – Aamby Valley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educationworld.in/institute/international-school-aamby/profile.html|title=International school aamby :: Educationworld.in|website=Educationworld.in|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010628/http://www.educationworld.in/institute/international-school-aamby/profile.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Legal issues==
{{Main|Sahara India Pariwar investor fraud case}}
Being a largely unlisted company Sahara India Parivar's activities have come under criticism largely because of legal issues it is facing.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bandyopadhyay|first1=Tamal|title=Excerpt from the book "Sahara: The untold story"|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/book-review---sahara-the-untold-story/1/201081.html|website=Business Today|date=5 December 2013|publisher=Jaico Publishers|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-date=12 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212063325/http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/book-review---sahara-the-untold-story/1/201081.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 February 2014, the [[Supreme Court of India]] had issues warrants to summon Subrata Roy,<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-02-26 |title=SC issues arrest warrant against Subrata Roy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-issues-arrest-warrant-against-subrata-roy/story-iYFI0mpTx4NQUZniWKDVJK.html |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404090047/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-issues-arrest-warrant-against-subrata-roy/story-iYFI0mpTx4NQUZniWKDVJK.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Managing Worker, Chairman and founder of Sahara India Pariwar, on a litigation on the Optionally Fully Convertible Debentures issued by the two companies of Sahara India Pariwar to which [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] had claimed its jurisdiction and objected on why Sahara has not taken permission from it. Sahara has claimed that the said bonds are hybrid product, thus does not come under the jurisdiction of SEBI, instead is governed by Registrar of Companies (ROC) under [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs]], from which the two companies of Sahara has already taken permission and submitted the red herring prospectus with ROC before issuing the bonds.

SEBI in return ordered Sahara's two companies to stop issuing the said bonds and return money to investors. Sahara contested the case in various courts which eventually came to Supreme Court of India. On 14 June 2012, (during the final hearing of the case), the group had provided details of its financials up to 30 April 2012. While the court reserved its order, Sahara claims that it has already paid to 95% of the investors and discharged its OFCD liability to the tune of {{INRConvert|23500|c}} and only around {{INRConvert|2260|c}} are left against which Sahara has already deposited more than {{INRConvert|12000|c}} which has with interest swelled to {{INRConvert|16000|c}}. By 31 August 2012 the date of Supreme Court order, the group repaid majority of its OFCD investors between May the last date of hearing and by 30 August 2012 the final order. Since these repayments have not been taken into consideration, Sahara maintains that any money paid now will obviously mean a double payment towards one liability.

It is also been reported that Sahara has paid {{INRConvert|725.9|c}} as TDS (tax deducted at source) to the Income Tax Departments on the interest which along with investment was repaid to 95 percent of the investors, between 2009–10 and 2012–13. The income tax authorities had found that the beneficiary investors were existent and accordingly confirmed the repayments made in those particular years. One of Sahara's arguments in the apex court revolves around the fact that if one government body has found investors, why can't the other.<ref name="firstpost.com"/>

The case itself comprises big numbers such as collection of over {{INRConvert|24000|c}} from three crore individuals, while once in 2013 Sahara sent 127 trucks containing 31,669 cartons full of over three crore application forms and two crore redemption vouchers to SEBI office. Apparently, this had resulted into a huge traffic jam on outskirts of [[Mumbai]], where the regulator is headquartered. SEBI on the other hand because the trucks reached after office hours SEBI rejected the second batch of files, which as per Sahara contained 25% of the investor information.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-to-get-truckloads-of-papers-back-from-Sebi/articleshow/50989184.cms|title= Sahara to get truckloads of papers back from Sebi|newspaper= Times Of India|date= 15 February 2016|access-date= 15 February 2016|archive-date= 15 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160215143054/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-to-get-truckloads-of-papers-back-from-Sebi/articleshow/50989184.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

Furthermore, the market regulator SEBI advertised four times in more than 144 newspapers to ask the investors of Sahara to refund the money. And since August 2012 Sebi has only refunded {{INRConvert|64|c}} to the investors while it has {{INRConvert|16000|c}} from Sahara. In October 2014, a shocking revelation was made when only around 4,600 investors in two Sahara group companies had come forward to claim refunds from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which had asked those who had purchased bonds issued by the entities to claim their money. This gave a valid point to Sahara's argument before courts that it had repaid most of the investors who had come forward to claim the investment which they had made in bonds issued by two group companies.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/4600-Sahara-investors-claim-refund-from-Sebi/articleshow/44765138.cms|title= 4,600 Sahara investors claim refund from Sebi|newspaper= Times Of India|date= 10 October 2014|access-date= 10 October 2014|archive-date= 10 October 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141010143947/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/4600-Sahara-investors-claim-refund-from-Sebi/articleshow/44765138.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

He was granted interim bail by the Supreme Court on 26 March 2014 on the condition that he would deposit the huge bail amount of {{INRConvert|10000|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=SC grants conditional bail to Sahara chief Subrata Roy|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-grants-conditional-bail-to-Sahara-chief-Subrata-Roy/articleshow/32719977.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=26 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014|archive-date=26 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326205324/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-grants-conditional-bail-to-Sahara-chief-Subrata-Roy/articleshow/32719977.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Subrata was eventually taken into judicial custody and sent to [[Tihar jail]], along with two other Sahara directors, on 4 March 2014 for failing to deposit {{INRConvert|10000|c}} with SEBI.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/subrata-roy-sent-to-tihar-jail-full-text-of-sc-order-on-sahara-case-1419081.html|title=Subrata Roy sent to Tihar jail: Full text of SC order on Sahara case|newspaper=First Post|date=4 March 2014|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031031745/http://www.firstpost.com/india/subrata-roy-sent-to-tihar-jail-full-text-of-sc-order-on-sahara-case-1419081.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In Tihar jail, Subrata unsuccessfully tried to sell some of his hotel properties to raise {{INRConvert|10000|c}} for his bail bond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/From-Tihar-jail-Sahara-chief-Subrata-Roy-tries-to-sell-the-New-York-Plaza/articleshow/39987868.cms|title=From Tihar jail, Sahara chief Subrata Roy tries to sell the New York Plaza|newspaper=Times of India|date=10 August 2014|access-date=20 August 2014|archive-date=13 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813021700/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/From-Tihar-jail-Sahara-chief-Subrata-Roy-tries-to-sell-the-New-York-Plaza/articleshow/39987868.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He remained in Tihar jail for more than two years, and was released on parole in May 2016 to attend the last rites of his deceased mother.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahara-chief-subrata-roy-gets-4week-parole-for-mothers-funeral/article8565838.ece|title=SC grants four-week parole to Sahara chief|work=The Hindu|date=7 May 2016|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127183831/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahara-chief-subrata-roy-gets-4week-parole-for-mothers-funeral/article8565838.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 July 2018, the group revealed that majority of {{INRConvert|20000|c}} of Sahara's money (including the interest) which is with SEBI will be refunded back to Sahara India as the group had already made majority of the payments to its investors. The group also stated that SEBI will be directed to start the verification of the documents of Sahara's investors, which are already provided to them by Sahara India Pariwar. Despite the double payment for single liability, Sahara India has been continuously depositing money of around ₹20,000 crore (including interest earned) in Sahara-Sebi account.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sahara-says-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-next-fiscal-entering-new-businesses/articleshow/64812873.cms|title=Sahara says confident of getting out of financial constraints by next fiscal, entering new businesses|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725163852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sahara-says-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-next-fiscal-entering-new-businesses/articleshow/64812873.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/sahara-says-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-next-fiscal-entering-new-businesses-2656371.html|title=Sahara says confident of getting out of financial constraints by next fiscal, entering new businesses|work=Moneycontrol|access-date=24 October 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162819/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/sahara-says-confident-of-getting-out-of-financial-constraints-by-next-fiscal-entering-new-businesses-2656371.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Charitable work==

The Sahara Welfare Foundation, the social development unit of Sahara India Pariwar, runs social welfare projects.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/1646079/report-sahara-to-put-in-rs1000-crore-in-welfare-foundation Sahara to put in Rs1000 crore in welfare foundation], ''DNA'', 5 February 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.sahara.in/csr.html, Sahara Welfare Foundation], ''Sahara India''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saharawelfarefoundation.com/index.html |title=, ''Sahara Welfare Foundation'' |access-date=15 April 2013 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101101057/http://www.saharawelfarefoundation.com/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The company assisted the families of Indian soldiers killed in the [[Kargil war|Kargil War]] with a commitment of ₹50 crore (US$10.65 million )<ref name="expressindia.indianexpress.com">[http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/sahara-to-pay-martyrs-families-5-times-salary-for-10-yrs/392466/, Sahara to pay martyrs' families 5 times salary for 10 yrs ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155708/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sahara-to-pay-martyrs-families-5-times-salary-for-10-yrs/392466 |date=12 March 2023 }}, ''The Indian Express''</ref><ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3773901.cms, Sahara will pay salaries of Mumbai martyrs ], ''The Economic Times''</ref>
<ref name="Sahara to pay martyrs' families">[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1210447/report-sahara-to-pay-martyrs-families-five-times-salary, Sahara to pay martyrs' families ], ''DNA''</ref> The company claims to have assisted families whose homes were damaged in the [[2006 Gujarat earthquake]]. Other welfare activities include water purification systems and education resource systems in Indian villages.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-company/corporate-trends/sahara-india-to-adopt-1000-villages-for-all-round-development/articleshow/20525558.cms, Sahara India to adopt 1,000 villages for all round development ], ''The Economic Times'', 10 June 2013</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-flags-off-prog-to-adopt-1000-villages/articleshow/20549781.cms Sahara flags off prog to adopt 1,000 villages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927010820/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-flags-off-prog-to-adopt-1000-villages/articleshow/20549781.cms |date=27 September 2013 }}, ''The Economic Times'', 12 June 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.indiacsr.in/en/?p=10243, Subrata Roy Sahara Announced to Adopt 1000 Villages in 7 States Under CSR ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312155716/https://indiacsr.in/enable-integrate-empower-the-crisil-way-to-strengthening-financial-capabilities/ |date=12 March 2023 }}, ''India CSR'', 1 April 2013</ref>

In 2013, Sahara contributed to the relief efforts in flood-hit [[Uttarakhand]] region wherein one lakh bottles of drinking water, juice bottles and food packets along with candles and match boxes were said to be provided by them. There were 25 medical health unit vans equipped with doctors and free medicines made available and It was said by the group that, they will contribute to the rehabilitation program by constructing 10,000 pre-fabricated houses.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-joins-Uttarakhand-relief-work/articleshow/20735878.cms |title=Sahara joins Uttarakhand relief work – |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 June 2013 |access-date=2014-03-05 |archive-date=1 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701212039/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Sahara-joins-Uttarakhand-relief-work/articleshow/20735878.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Working towards eradicating hunger and malnutrition in India, Sahara India Pariwar's Hotel Sahara Star based in Mumbai joined hands with Feeding India to provide food to the underprivileged communities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ankita|date=2019-02-18|title=Sahara India Pariwar's Mumbai hotel joins hands with Feeding India as a CSR initiative|url=https://crossbarriers.org/sahara-india-pariwars-hotel-joins-hands-feeding-india/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Cross Barriers|language=en-US|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122015919/https://crossbarriers.org/sahara-india-pariwars-hotel-joins-hands-feeding-india|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Guinness World Records==
* Sahara holds the record for the most people singing a national anthem simultaneously. 1,21,653 employees of the company sang India's national anthem on 6 May 2013 in Lucknow, India. Jain TV remained world's number one viewed news channel of India in October 2013, .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-07/lucknow/39089770_1_sahara-india-pariwar-jana-gana-mana-guinness-world-record "Sahara's national anthem feat gets Guinness honour"], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 7 May 2013</ref>
* Sahara India Pariwar's Sahara Q Shop entered into the [[Guinness World Records]] when it opened record 315 outlets in 10 states of India, all at once on 1 April 2013.<ref name="Good Herald"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|26em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.sahara.in/}}

[[Category:Sahara India Pariwar| ]]
[[Category:Service companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Film on National Integration National Film Award]]

Sardar Gulab Singh

2023-08-21T03:36:39Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: Name Changed to Sardar Gulab Singh Rathore

{{short description|A Sikh warrior}}
'''Sardar Gulab Singh''' alias '''Gulaba Singh Khatri''' <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Hari Ram Gupta|url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|year=1973|pages=52–53|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=2009 |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |publisher=[[Punjabi University]] |page=225 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Dallewalia Misal |isbn=978-8130201818 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhMisals/page/n145/mode/2up |language=English}}</ref> was the founder of [[Dallewalia Misl]], one of the [[Sovereign state|sovereign states]] of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|Sikh confederacy]] that rose during the 18th century in the [[Punjab region]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Harish Jain|title=The Making of Punjab|publisher=Unistar|year=2003|isbn=9788186898383|pages=203}}</ref> The Dallewalia and [[Nishanwalia Misl]] were stationed as a reserve force at [[Amritsar]] to protect the holy city and tackle any emergency. The Amritsar and the Punjab region was subject to raids by the Afghans led by [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] therefore the Sikhs had created [[misl]]s to defend the [[Punjab region]] and push back the invaders.

== Early life ==
Gulab Singh was the son of Shardha Ram of village Dallewal<ref name=":3"/> Since Gulab Singh was a resident of the village of [[Dalewal|Dallewal]], hence the name of his [[misl]] that was established near Dera Baba Nanak, in Doaba Bist [[Jalandhar]]. He had a grocery store in his village [[Dalewal|Dallewal]] (also called Bora Dalla) where all his goods were stolen by thieves and this incident made him rebel against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal administration]]. As a middle-aged man with a family to feed, he moved to [[Amritsar]] where he trained under [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] and became a [[Sikh]] after baptism.<ref name=":3" />

=== Pahul ===
In 1726, [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] administered pahul to Gulab Singh on [[Diwali]] at [[Amritsar]].<ref name=":3"/> Sikhs regarded Nawab Kapur Singh as a leader and general par excellence. He was the organizer of [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|Dal Khalsa]] and an integral link between two sections of the [[Nihang]] [[Sikhs]], Budha dal (veterans-handling administrative functions, taking care of missionary work, Gurudwaras, and protection of religion) and Taruna Dal (the young group-fighters, defenders, and protectors of the community).<ref>{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H. S.|title=Sikh Studies, Book 6|publisher=Hemkunt Press|year=2005|isbn=8170102588|page=37}}</ref>

==== Taruna Dal ====
Gulab Singh became an active member of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|taruna dal]] by late 1726 A.D. and launched into a chivalry career, fighting against Punjab's oppressive Mughal government. Initially, he was having 10-15 companions and commenced plundering slowly; he added 150 comrades. One day, he attacked Jalandhar and, won big booty, returned safely to their jungle camp.

=== Dallewalia Misl ===
{{Main|Dallewalia Misl}}
In 1748, Gulab Singh was declared to be the head of the Dallewalias Misl<ref>{{Cite book|last=Markovits|first=Claude|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3d9UDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Singhpuria+Misl%22&pg=PT3|title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5266-745-1|language=en}}</ref> with two deputies Gurdyal Singh and Tara Singh Ghaiba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Siṅgha|first=Bhagata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&q=Chhota+ghallughara,+Gulab+Singh,+with+his+two+brothers,+Dayal+Singh+and+Gurdyal+Singh+and+two+sons,+Jaipal+Singh+and+Hardyal+Singh,+actively+participated+in+the+chhota+ghallughara+in+June+1746.|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University|year=1993|isbn=|location=original from the university of Michigan|pages=225}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Detail of the Dallewalia Misl
|-
|-
! SN
! Name
! Founding Clan
! Capital
! Key Leaders
! Strength in Regular Horseman (1780)<ref>{{cite book |title=Ranjít Singh |last=Griffin |first=Lepel Henry |year=1893 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNxGAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA237}}</ref><ref name=SH0>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/misls.html|title=Sikh Misals (equal bands)|first=Sandeep Singh|last=Bajwa|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910232917/http://sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/misls.html|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Misl Period Territory by 1759<ref>{{Cite book|last=GUPTA|first=HARI RAM|title=TRANS-SATLUJ SIKH|publisher=THE MINEVERA BOOK SHOP|year=1944|isbn=|location=LAHORE|pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kakshi|2007|page=163–164}}</ref>
! Corresponding Current Area
|-
|1
| [[Dallewalia Misl]]<ref name=SH10>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-dallewalia.html|title=Misl Dallewalia|first=Sandeep Singh|last=Bajwa}}</ref><ref>The '''Dallewalia''' Misl, was first led by Sardar Gulab Singh Dallewalia it had a strength of 9,000 regular horsemen.

The Misl was founded by Sardar Gulab Singh Dallewalia (d.1759). He hailed from the village Dallewal near Dera Baba Nanak on the left bank of River Ravi, 50 km northeast of Amritsar. The Misl ruled in the Manjke Region of Punjab Rahon, Phillaur, Bilga, Nakodar areas.

After the Death of Sardar Gulab Singh in 1759 his Successor was Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba (1717–1807) who Ruled and further Expanded his Misl up to Ambala Area (Haryana Region). With other Sikh Sardars he Sacked Kasur city of Pathans and Joined the Sikh Sardars in the sack of Sirhind City in 1764. in 1807 after the death of Tara Singh Ghaiba His Territories were annexed to The Kingdom of Ranjit Singh. The Dallewalia and Nishanwalia Jathas were stationed at Amritsar to protect the holy city.

[https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dallevalia_misl Source] Reference used

History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls by Hari Ram Gupta; Published in 1978 by Munshiram Manoharlal; page 52</ref>
| [[Khatri]]
| Sardar Gulab Singh and [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]]
| 5,000
| [[Nakodar]], Talwan, Badala, [[Rahon]], [[Phillaur]], [[Ludhiana]] etc.
| [[Ludhiana district]], [[Jalandhar district]]
|-
|}

== Death ==
Gulab Singh lost his life in 1759 at the [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Battle of Kalanaur]] by the forces of [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Hari Ram Gupta|url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|language=English|pages=53|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|date=2001|orig-date=1973}}</ref> Hence the command of the misl came to Sardar Gurdiyal Singh and later it was headed by [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]].<ref name=":2"/>

== See also ==

* [[Dallewalia Misl]]
* [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Misls]]
[[Category:Sikhism]]

Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)

2023-06-14T02:14:55Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker:

{{short description|Cricketer and umpire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Chris Brown
| image =
| country = New Zealand
| fullname = Christopher Mark Brown
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|3|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rarotonga]], [[Cook Islands]], New Zealand
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| testsumpired = 7
| umptestdebutyr = 2020
| umptestlastyr = 2023
| odisumpired = 22
| umpodidebutyr = 2016
| umpodilastyr = 2023
| t20isumpired = 47
| umpt20idebutyr = 2017
| umpt20ilastyr = 2023
| wodisumpired = 8
| umpwodidebutyr = 2015
| umpwodilastyr = 2021
| wt20isumpired = 6
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2016
| umpwt20ilastyr = 2020
| club1 = [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1993/94–1996/97}}
| type1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| debutdate1 = 11 December
| debutyear1 = 1993
| debutfor1 = Auckland
| debutagainst1 = [[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]]
| type2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| debutdate2 = 6 January
| debutyear2 = 1994
| debutfor2 = Auckland
| debutagainst2 = Canterbury
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 19
| runs1 = 132
| bat avg1 = 6.94
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 19
| deliveries1 = 2,983
| wickets1 = 63
| bowl avg1 = 21.19
| fivefor1 = 3
| tenfor1 = 1
| best bowling1 = 6/50
| catches/stumpings1 = 2/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches2 = 25
| runs2 = 55
| bat avg2 = 7.85
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 13
| deliveries2 = 1,167
| wickets2 = 26
| bowl avg2 = 31.03
| fivefor2 = 2
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/16
| catches/stumpings2 = 8/–
| umpire = true
| date = 14 June 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/Australia/content/player/36352.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Christopher Mark Brown''' (born 27 March 1973), more commonly known as '''Chris Brown''', is a former [[Cook Islands]] cricketer, who previously played representative cricket for [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]] at [[New Zealand]] domestic level. Born in [[Rarotonga]], Brown's early cricket was played for Auckland under-age teams, and he went on to represent the [[New Zealand Under-19 cricket team|New Zealand national under-19s]] in several matches as a right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]]. Making his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut during the 1993–94 season of the [[Plunket Shield|Shell Trophy]], he took ten wickets in his debut match, and represented the New Zealand Cricket Academy twice later in the season.

Brown regularly played for Auckland in both the first-class and [[List A cricket|limited-overs]] competitions during the mid-1990s, despite the squad also including several international bowlers. However, after the 1997–98 season, he ceased playing for Auckland. Brown resumed his career in the early 2000s for the [[Cook Islands national cricket team]], playing in regional competitions, and going on to play for a representative [[ICC East Asia-Pacific|East Asia-Pacific]] team. He regularly captained the country of his birth throughout the remainder of the decade, becoming one of the only first-class players to play for the country. After retiring from playing, Brown took up [[Umpire (cricket)|umpiring]], and is currently a member of [[New Zealand Cricket]]'s Umpiring "A" Panel.

==Playing career==
Born in [[Rarotonga]], the Cook Islands' largest and most populous island, Brown played his representative cricket in New Zealand, and represented the [[New Zealand Under-19 cricket team|New Zealand national under-19 cricket team]] in several matches against the [[Australia Under-19 cricket team|Australian under-19s]] during the 1992–93 season.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/Under-19_Test_Matches.html Under-19 Test matches played by Chris Brown (1)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/Under-19_ODI_Matches.html Under-19 ODI matches played by Chris Brown (3)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] for [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]] in the following season's [[Plunket Shield|Shell Trophy]].<ref name="fc">[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/First-Class_Matches.html First-class matches played by Chris Brown (19)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> A right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]], Brown took a [[ten-wicket haul]] on debut against [[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]] in December 1993, with figures of 6/50 in the first innings and 4/40 in the second innings.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/58/58159.html Canterbury v Auckland], Shell Trophy 1993/94 – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> He took four wickets in the following match, against [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]],<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/58/58191.html Auckland v Northern Districts], Shell Trophy 1993/94 – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> but was dropped after going wicketless in the next match against [[Central Districts cricket team|Central Districts]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/58/58396.html Central Districts v Auckland], Shell Trophy 1993/94 – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> Auckland's pace attack during the season had included [[Willie Watson (New Zealand cricketer)|Willie Watson]], [[Murphy Su'a]], [[Chris Pringle]], and [[Justin Vaughan]] at various stages, all previous [[Test cricket]]ers.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Shell_Trophy_1993-94/Auckland_Bowling.html Shell Trophy 1993/94: Bowling for Auckland] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> Brown was, however, a more regular selection in [[List A cricket|limited-overs]] matches, taking five wickets from five matches at an [[Bowling average|average]] of 17.80.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Shell_Cup_1993-94/Bowling_by_Average.html Bowling in Shell Cup 1993/94 (order by average)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> At the end of the season, he also played twice for the [[New Zealand Academy cricket team|New Zealand Academy]] in first-class matches against Northern Districts and [[Otago cricket team|Otago]], taking six wickets at an average of 13.17.<ref name="fc"/>

==Umpiring career==
In August 2011, Brown was elevated to [[New Zealand Cricket]]'s Umpiring "A" Panel for the upcoming 2011–12 season, effectively ranking him in the "top 20" of New Zealand umpires.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130216064212/http://www.icc-cricket.com/the-icc/icc_members/eap/newsdetails.php?newsId=17070_1316066400 Cook Islander Makes NZ Cricket Umpires Panel] – International Cricket Council. Published 15 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> Having umpired for just two seasons prior to his appointment,<ref>[http://www.odt.co.nz/sport/cricket/175651/cricket-umpires-raise-professional-finger Cricket: Umpires to raise a professional finger] – ''[[Otago Daily Times]]''. Published 30 August 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> he remained on the "A" Panel for the 2012–13 season.<ref>[http://www.blackcaps.co.nz/news/nzc-announce-2012-13-umpire-panels/9918/article.aspx NZC announce 2012-13 Umpire Panels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222160510/http://www.blackcaps.co.nz/news/nzc-announce-2012-13-umpire-panels/9918/article.aspx |date=22 February 2013 }} – New Zealand Cricket. Published 17 August 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> Brown umpired his first matches in New Zealand's first-class and one-day competitions during the 2012–13 season, having mainly officiated women's matches and national underage tournaments.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/Umpire_in_Womens_limited_overs_Matches.html Chris Brown as umpire in women's limited-overs matches (4)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/Umpire_in_Womens_Twenty20_Matches.html Chris Brown as umpire in women's Twenty20 matches (5)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/18/18587/Umpire_in_Miscellaneous_Matches.html Chris Brown as umpire in miscellaneous matches (22)] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref> In June 2016 he was added to the [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees]].<ref name="NZ">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/story/1026869.html | title=Bowden cut from NZC international panel| work=ESPNcricinfo| accessdate=16 June 2016}}</ref>

On 29 December 2016, he stood in his first [[One Day International]] (ODI) match, between [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2016–17|New Zealand and Bangladesh]].<ref name="ODI">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1019975.html |title=Bangladesh tour of New Zealand, 2nd ODI: New Zealand v Bangladesh at Nelson, Dec 29, 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=29 December 2016}}</ref> On 6 January 2017, he stood in his first [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) match, also between New Zealand and Bangladesh.<ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1019981.html |title=Bangladesh tour of New Zealand, 2nd T20I: New Zealand v Bangladesh at Mount Maunganui, Jan 6, 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=6 January 2017}}</ref>

In October 2019, he was appointed as one of the twelve umpires to officiate matches in the [[2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier]] tournament in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1412092 |title=Match Officials announced for ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2019 |work=International Cricket Council |accessdate=10 October 2019}}</ref> In February 2020, the ICC named him as one of the umpires to officiate in matches during the [[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1607955 |title=ICC announces Match Officials for all league matches |work=International Cricket Council |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> He stood in his first [[Test cricket|Test]] match on 11 December 2020, between [[West Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2020–21|New Zealand and the West Indies]].<ref name="Test">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1233943.html |title=2nd Test, Wellington, Dec 11 – Dec 15 2020, West Indies tour of New Zealand |work=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=11 December 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=36352}}

{{International Panel of ICC Umpires}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Chris}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Auckland cricketers]]
[[Category:Cook Island cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricket umpires]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:New Zealand Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:People from Rarotonga]]

Chris Gaffaney

2023-06-07T06:01:55Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker:

{{short description|New Zealand cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=August 2018}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Chris Gaffaney
| image =
| country = New Zealand
| fullname = Christopher Blair Gaffaney
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|11|30}}
| birth_place = [[Dunedin|Dunedin, Otago]], New Zealand
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = Batsman
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 49
| umptestdebutyr = 2014
| umptestlastyr = 2023
| odisumpired = 77
| umpodidebutyr = 2010
| umpodilastyr = 2022
| t20isumpired = 43
| umpt20idebutyr = 2010
| umpt20ilastyr = 2022

| wodisumpired = 3
| umpwodidebutyr = 2008
| umpwodilastyr =
| wt20isumpired = 5
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2010
| umpwt20ilastyr = 2016
| club1 = [[Otago cricket team|Otago]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1995/96–2006/07}}
| type1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| debutdate1 = 17 January
| debutyear1 = 1996
| debutfor1 = Otago
| debutagainst1 = [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]]
| lastdate1 = 20 March
| lastyear1 = 2005
| lastfor1 = Otago
| lastagainst1 = [[Wellington cricket team|Wellington]]
| type2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| debutdate2 = 26 November
| debutyear2 = 1995
| debutfor2 = Otago
| debutagainst2 = Wellington
| lastdate2 = 10 February
| lastyear2 = 2007
| lastfor2 = Otago
| lastagainst2 = Auckland
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 83
| runs1 = 4,711
| bat avg1 = 33.41
| 100s/50s1 = 8/24
| top score1 = 194
| deliveries1 = 102
| wickets1 = 2
| bowl avg1 = 23.50
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/3
| catches/stumpings1 = 73/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches2 = 113
| runs2 = 2,411
| bat avg2 = 23.63
| 100s/50s2 = 1/11
| top score2 = 101[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 36
| wickets2 = 1
| bowl avg2 = 36.00
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 1/4
| catches/stumpings2 = 33/–
| date = 7 June 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/37097.html Cricinfo
}}

'''Christopher Blair Gaffaney''' (born 30 November 1975) is a former New Zealand [[cricket]]er who played for [[Otago Volts|Otago]]. A right-handed batsman, he played in 83 [[First-class cricket|first-class]] and 113 [[List A cricket|List A]] matches. At present he serves as an international [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]]. Gaffaney is currently a member of the [[ICC Elite umpire panel]] and officiates in [[Test cricket|Tests]], [[One Day International]]s and [[Twenty20 International]]s.

==Umpiring career==
Gaffaney made his ODI umpiring debut in a match played between Canada and Ireland at [[Armour Heights|Toronto]] in September 2010. He served as an umpire on the [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees|ICC International Panel of Umpires]] and later stood in his first Test match in a game between Zimbabwe and South Africa at [[Harare Sports Club|Harare]] in August 2014.

Gaffaney was thereafter selected as one of the twenty umpires to stand in matches during the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] and stood in three matches as an on-field umpire during the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/83319/icc-announces-match-officials-for-icc-cricket-world-cup-2015|title= ICC announces match officials for ICC Cricket World Cup 2015|publisher= ICC Cricket|date= 2 December 2014|access-date= 12 February 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150330201852/http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/83319/icc-announces-match-officials-for-icc-cricket-world-cup-2015|archive-date= 30 March 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref> A few months later he was elevated to the [[ICC Elite umpire panel]] for 2015–16 as a result of his several consistent performances.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/884193.html|title=S Ravi and Chris Gaffaney in Elite Panel|publisher=[[ESPNCricinfo]]|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref>

In April 2019, he was named as one of the sixteen umpires to stand in matches during the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198051 |title=Match officials for ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2019 announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1182149.html |title=Umpire Ian Gould to retire after World Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref>

In September 2020, he was named as one of the fifteen umpires to offficate in matches during the [[2020 Indian Premier League]] and stood in the final as well.

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires|List of ODI cricket umpires]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires|List of T20I cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=37097}}

{{Elite Panel of ICC Umpires}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaffaney, Chris}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricketers]]
[[Category:Otago cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Dunedin]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:New Zealand Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:South Island cricketers]]

Paul Wilson (cricketer)

2023-06-01T09:06:35Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker:

{{short description|Australian cricketer}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Paul Wilson
| image =
| country = Australia
| fullname = Paul Wilson
| nickname = Blocker<ref>[http://www.theherald.com.au/story/489317/umpiring-career-has-great-appeal-for-paul-wilson/ Umpiring career has great appeal for Paul Wilson ''Newcastle Herald'', 28 October 2008]</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|1|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[New South Wales]], Australia
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]

| international = true
| onetest = true
| testdebutdate = 18 March
| testdebutyear = 1998
| testdebutagainst = India
| testcap = 376

| odidebutdate = 17 December
| odidebutyear = 1997
| odidebutagainst = New Zealand
| odicap = 136
| lastodidate = 14 February
| lastodiyear = 1998
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand

| club1 = [[South Australia cricket team|South Australia]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1993/94–2001/02}}
| club2 = [[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]]
| year2 = 2002/03–2003/04

| umpire = yes
| testsumpired = 8
| umptestdebutyr = 2019
| umptestlastyr = 2023
| odisumpired = 36
| umpodidebutyr = 2014
| umpodilastyr = 2022
| t20isumpired = 26
| umpt20idebutyr = 2014
| umpt20ilastyr = 2022

| wtestsumpired = 1
| umpwtestdebutyr = 2011
| umpwtestlastyr =
| wodisumpired = 8
| umpwodidebutyr = 2017
| umpwodilastyr = 2022
| wt20isumpired = 1
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2011
| umpwt20ilastyr =

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 0
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 0[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 72
| wickets1 = 0
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 11
| runs2 = 4
| bat avg2 = 1.33
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 2
| deliveries2 = 562
| wickets2 = 13
| bowl avg2 = 34.61
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/39
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 51
| runs3 = 405
| bat avg3 = 9.41
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 32[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 11,095
| wickets3 = 151
| bowl avg3 = 30.77
| fivefor3 = 4
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 6/76
| catches/stumpings3 = 8/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 84
| runs4 = 161
| bat avg4 = 7.66
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 16
| deliveries4 = 4,542
| wickets4 = 114
| bowl avg4 = 26.63
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/23
| catches/stumpings4 = 8/–
| date = 1 June 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/8241.html Cricinfo
}}

'''Paul Wilson''' (born 12 January 1972) is an Australian cricket [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]] and former [[cricketer]] who played one [[Test cricket|Test match]] and 11 [[One Day International]]s (ODIs) for the [[Australian national cricket team]], as well as domestically representing [[South Australia cricket team|South Australia]] and [[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]].

Born in [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[New South Wales]], Wilson moved to [[Adelaide]] to attend the [[Australian Cricket Academy]], and went to debut for South Australia during the 1995–96 season. A solidly-built right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]], all of his matches at international level came during the 1997–98 season, with his single Test coming during Australia's tour of India. Wilson remained active at domestic level until the early 2000s, switching to Western Australia for the 2002–03 season. Retiring at the end of the 2003–04 season, for a time he served as the coach of the [[Western Fury]] in the [[Women's National Cricket League]]. Wilson later became an [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]], and currently sits on [[Cricket Australia]]'s national umpires panel.

==Playing career==

Wilson left a trainee accountant job in Newcastle to travel to [[Adelaide]], where he requested a place at the [[Australian Cricket Academy]].<ref name="cricinfo1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/australia/content/player/8241.html#profile|title=Paul Wilson|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2009-11-08}}</ref>

He emerged late in 1993–94 to make his debut for South Australia. He played 51 first-class games in all, taking 151 wickets at a healthy average of 30.77.<ref name="cricinfo1" />

In 2002 he moved to Western Australia where has contracted by the Western Warriors. He played two seasons for the Warriors, retiring at the end of the 2003–04 season.<ref name="cricinfo1" />

After a stint in the 'A' side, Wilson was promoted to the Australian side. He played one Test Match, against [[Indian cricket team|India]], in [[Kolkata]], India, in March 1998, but had the unfortunate record of having scored neither a run, nor taken a wicket,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28262814/anyone-taken-more-bob-willis-325-wickets-ten-for |title=Has anyone taken more than Bob Willis' 325 wickets without a ten-for? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> after he limped off injured in the early stages of the game. He did not represent Australia again. Before that, he had a short spell as a bowler in the ODI team, playing in 11 games, all in the 1997–98 Australian season.<ref name="cricinfo1" />

==Coaching==
After retiring he served as [[Western Fury]] coach.<ref name="cricinfo1" />

==Umpiring==
Wilson is currently an [[umpire (cricket)|umpire]] on the [[Cricket Australia]] Project Umpire's Panel.<ref name="cricinfo1" /><ref name="herald1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theherald.com.au/news/local/sport/cricket/umpiring-career-has-great-appeal-for-paul-wilson/1345665.aspx?storypage=2|title=Umpiring career has great appeal for Paul Wilson|last=Dillon|first=Robert|date=28 October 2008|work=Newcastle Herald|access-date=2009-10-06}}</ref><ref name="cricketaustralia1">{{Cite web|url=http://cricket.com.au/default.aspx?s=profile-display&profileid=290|title=Profile – Paul Wilson|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=2009-10-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001002004/http://www.cricket.com.au/default.aspx?s=profile-display&profileid=290|archive-date=1 October 2009}}</ref> He stood in two [[Twenty20 International]] games in 2014.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/8241.html |title=Paul Wilson |access-date=1 June 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He stood in his first [[One Day International]] match on 8 November 2014 between [[Hong Kong cricket team against Papua New Guinea in Australia in 2014–15|Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea]] in Australia.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/791633.html |title=Hong Kong tour of Australia, 1st ODI: Papua New Guinea v Hong Kong at Townsville, Nov 8, 2014 |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In January 2018, he was named as one of the seventeen on-field umpires for the [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="2018U19">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/586590 |title=Match officials appointed for U19 Cricket World Cup |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, he was named as one of the sixteen umpires to stand in matches during the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198051 |title=Match officials for ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2019 announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1182149.html |title=Umpire Ian Gould to retire after World Cup |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref>

In September 2019, in the one-off match between [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2019–20|Bangladesh and Afghanistan]], Wilson stood in his first Test match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/paul-wilson-claire-polosak-eloise-sheridan-australian-umpires-elite-level/2019-08-27 |title=Aussie trio scale new umpiring heights |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1197138.html |title=Only Test, Afghanistan tour of Bangladesh at Chattogram, Sep 5-9 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In February 2022, he was named as one of the on-field umpires for the [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup]] in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/icc-match-officials-world-cup-new-zealand |title=Eight women among 15 Match Officials named for ICC World Cup 2022 |work=Women's CricZone |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2497729 |title=Match officials chosen for ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2022 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[One Test Wonder]]
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{International Panel of ICC Umpires}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Paul}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Australian cricket coaches]]
[[Category:Australian cricketers]]
[[Category:Australian cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australia One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Australia Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:South Australia cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Newcastle, New South Wales]]
[[Category:Western Australia cricketers]]
[[Category:Australian Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australian One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Australian Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

Sikhs in the United States military

2022-05-25T10:03:41Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: Published a well-researched resource.

{{Short description|Religious community in the US armed forces}}
{{use mdy dates}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
[[Sikhs]] and [[Sikh American]]s have served in the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] since [[World War I]] through all [[List of wars involving the United States|subsequent wars]]. Since the 1980s, observant Sikhs have faced difficulty in serving due to a discontinuation of exemptions to uniform standards which previously allowed Sikhs to maintain their religiously-mandated beards and turbans while in uniform.

== Sikh and Warrior Association ==
[[File:Kirpan, Kanga & Kara.jpg|thumb|Three of The Five Ks in the Sikh Religion]]
Sikhs are associated with being good warriors for several reasons, one being their religious practices and their values.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dorn |first1=Walter |last2=Gucciardi |first2=Stephen |title=Modern Sikh Warriors: Militants, Soldiers, Citizens |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2018.1440500 |journal=Journal of Military Ethics |volume=16 |issue=3–4 |pages=272–285 |doi=10.1080/15027570.2018.1440500 |s2cid=149973754 |issn=1502-7570}}</ref> A Sikh is expected to always carry five items on them to honor [[The Five Ks]] (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਕਕਾਰ ''Pañj Kakār''), which is a foundational element of the Sikh religion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Pashaura |editor2-last=Fenech |editor2-first=Louis E. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.001.0001 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 }}</ref> The five items include [[Kesh (Sikhism)|''kesh'']] (an uncut beard), ''[[kangha]] (a wooden comb)'', [[Kara (Sikhism)|''kara'']] (an iron bracelet), ''[[kachera]] (cotton underpants)'', and ''[[kirpan]] (a small knife'').<ref name=":2" /> Each of these five items serve as symbols that uphold integrity, discipline, righteousness, and honesty, which contribute to the resemblance to warrior characteristics. Besides the idea that Sikh's core values align with those of a warrior, their reputation for being good soldiers can also be traced back to [[Guru Hargobind]], who was the sixth of the ten [[Sikh gurus]] in the religion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Syan |first=Hardip Singh |title=Early Sikh Historiography |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2011.593297 |journal=Sikh Formations |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=145–160 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2011.593297 |s2cid=142930089 |issn=1744-8727}}</ref> In the 1600s, [[Guru Hargobind]] emphasized the importance of a military. He created an army of Sikhs, trained them, and inspired them to defend and protect.<ref name=":0" /> He was a great influence on the core principles of the religion, as he formed an enthusiastic group of Sikh warriors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Pashaura |title=Revisiting the "Evolution of the Sikh Community" |url=https://punjab.global.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/sitefiles/journals/volume17/JPS_17_nos_1-2_Singh.pdf |journal=University of California |volume=17 |pages=45–74}}</ref> Additionally, the colonization by the British also contributed to their strong warrior reputation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Roy |first=Kaushick |title=Recruitment doctrines of the colonial Indian Army: 1859-1913 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/001946469703400303 |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=321–254|doi=10.1177/001946469703400303 |s2cid=145010342 }}</ref> When the British were building an [[Indian Army during World War I|Indian army]] during [[World War I]], they mainly aimed to enlist Sikhs.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |title=Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army: The Contrasting Cases of Sikhs, Muslims, Gurkhas and Others |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3557805 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=529–552 |doi=10.2307/3557805 |jstor=3557805 |issn=0030-851X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001/acprof-9780195673098 |title=A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839-2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.003.0011}}</ref>

==World War I and World War II==

[[File:Bhagatsinghthind.jpg|left|150px|thumb|Bhagat Singh Thind soldier in U.S. Army during [[World War I]] in 1918]]

One of the earliest Sikh soldiers in the American military was [[Bhagat Singh Thind]], who although not a U.S. citizen enlisted in the [[United States Army]] and served in World War I. Bhagat Singh Thind was the first Sikh in US military service to be granted the right to wear a turban while on active duty in the US Army. Thind requested citizenship at the end of the war, but was refused. He was granted citizenship in 1936.<ref name="Dawinder" /> Sikh participation as a part of U.S. forces in World War I was limited due to their small population in the country, but 138,000 Sikhs served in other [[Allies (World War I)|Allied forces]]. Large numbers of Sikhs served in U.S. forces during World War II, and all American wars following.

During World War II Sikh units of the Indian and Commonwealth forces served under Allied command alongside or in cooperation with American forces and earned a reputation for bravery, serving notably against the Germans and Italians in East Africa, North Africa, Italy, France, Western Europe and against the Japanese in the China-Burma-India Theater. Notable actions involving Sikhs fighting alongside American forces occurred at the Battle of Monte Cassino and the assault on the Gustav Line during the Italian Campaign where both American and Indian Army Sikh (as well as Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, Polish and South African) units suffered heavy casualties. Other notable battles of World War II that involved units composed of Sikhs included both the First and Second Battles of El Alamein, Kohima, Imphal, and the Burma campaign in conjunction with Merrill's Marauders.<ref name="Dawinder">{{cite book |author = Dawinder S. Sidhu |author2 = Neha Singh Gohil |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J9zlF4muMjMC&q=World+War+I&pg=PA137 |title = Civil rights in wartime: the post-9/11 Sikh experience |publisher = Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-7546-7553-2 |page = 137}}</ref>[[File:CaptRattansikh.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Captain Rattan, United States Army (2010)]]
==Restrictions due to uniform regulations==

Prior to the 1980s—and from the time of Chief of Naval Operations [[Elmo Zumwalt#List of Z-grams|Admiral Elmo Zumwalt's "Z-grams" numbers 57 and 70]], in early November 1970 and late January 1971 respectively, permitting their presence on all [[United States Navy]] personnel until the timeframe of [[Ronald Reagan]]'s presidency—the [[United States Armed Forces]] allowed [[beard]]s while in [[Uniforms of the United States Army|uniform]].<ref name="CH">{{Cite news |title=Beard Ban Deters Chabad Rabbis From Becoming Chaplains in Army |url=http://www.crownheights.info/index.php?itemid=479 |access-date=25 October 2009}}</ref> However, due to a change in regulations, the U.S. Armed Forces rescinded permission for beards in uniform, except for those who commenced their service in the military before 1986.<ref name="CH"/> On July 26, 1948, [[Harry S. Truman]], the 33rd president of the United States, made an effort to desegregate the military by issuing the [[Executive Order 9981]].<ref>Ulbrich, David J., and Alexander M. Bielakowski. "Race and Ethnicity." ''The Routledge History of Global War and Society''. Routledge, 2018. 270-284.</ref> It stated that "...there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin."<ref>Executive Order 9981, July 26, 1948; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.</ref> Although this legislation aimed to permit the participation of all eligible American citizens in the military, Sikhs who wore turbans and long beards were forced to leave the military unless they removed their turban and shaved their beards.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Jasleen |title=Desire, patriotism, and Sikh subjectivity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2017.1382632 |journal=Sikh Formations |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=254–267 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2017.1382632 |s2cid=148664637 |issn=1744-8727}}</ref> As the beard is a requirement according to the [[Rehat Maryada]], the current regulation<ref name="AR670">{{cite web |url=http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r670_1.pdf |title=Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia |work=Army Regulation 670–1 |publisher=Department of the Army |access-date=25 October 2009 }}</ref> has created a regulatory barrier that has kept observant Sikh men from serving in the United States Armed Forces in large numbers. Retired Colonel GB Singh, applied to serve in the U.S. Army in 1979. Although there had been Sikhs who had enlisted in the U.S. Military previously, Singh was the first to go the officer route. A periodontist, Singh served in the U.S. Army as a colonel, one of a small number of Sikhs allowed to retain articles of faith, grandfathered in after a change in policy.
[[File:SpecLamba.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Specialist Lamba, United States Army (2010)]]
In April 2009, Sikh [[United States Army|Army]] [[Captain (U.S. Army)|Captain]] Kamaljeet S. Kalsi, a [[Physician|doctor]], with the help of the [[Sikh Coalition]], filed an objection to the [[Inspector General#U.S. Military|Inspector General]] and the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] to be allowed to continue to serve with his religious apparel intact.<ref name="SnS">{{Cite news |title=Sikhs want U.S. Army to waive dress and appearance regulations |author=Kevin Baron |newspaper=Stars and Stripes |url=http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=62026# |access-date=25 October 2009}}</ref> [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] [[Second Lieutenant#United States|Second Lieutenant]] Tejdeep Singh Rattan, a [[dentist]], joined in filing the petition.<ref name="CNN">{{Cite news |title=Sikhs fight Army over bans on turbans, uncut hair |author=Joe Sterling |newspaper=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/04/15/us.sikhs.military/index.html |access-date=25 October 2009}}</ref> Kalsi joined the Army via its Health Professions Scholarship Program and had been reassured by the recruiter that wearing the uniform while retaining his religiously required appearance and apparel would not be a problem.<ref name="CNN"/> Kalsi had even served in uniform without any problems at [[United States Military Academy|West Point]] and [[Travis Air Force Base]].<ref name="SnS"/> Yet, a problem arose in early 2009 when the Pentagon told Kalsi and Rattan that they would be called to [[active duty]] and would need to shave their beards and stop wearing their turbans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikhs demand right to wear turban in US Army |author=Chidanand Rajghatta |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/world/indians-abroad/Sikhs-demand-right-to-wear-turban-in-US-Army/articleshow/4372634.cms |access-date=25 October 2009}}</ref>

The [[Sikh Coalition]] argued that not allowing the servicemembers to continue to maintain their appearance according to their religion violated the [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act]] of 1993.<ref name="SnS"/> The Army argued that continued wear of the turban and beard violated current regulation, that would hinder the servicemembers from meeting health, safety, and mission requirements including the use of [[gas mask]]s.<ref name="SnS"/> In late October 2009, Kalsi was allowed an exemption to the policy,<ref name="ToI">{{cite news |title=Sikh group: Doc gets OK to serve with turban |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Army Times |url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/10/ap_army_sikh_hair_102309w/# }}</ref> and would be able to serve while adhering to his religious beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |title=US army accepts first Sikh recruit |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/5156279.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820102501/http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/5156279.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2011 |access-date=25 October 2009 }}</ref> The Army continues to maintain that these were specific determinations due to the individual case and that present regulations will not change,<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Army Allows a Sikh Doctor to Serve Wearing a Turban |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/24/nyregion/24sikh.html |access-date=25 October 2009}}</ref> however the Sikh Coalition holds out that this will be the beginning of a policy shift that will allow other Sikhs to serve their country in uniform.<ref name="NYT"/>

The case of Rattan was put on hold, pending his completion of the dental boards exam.<ref name="ToI"/> Upon graduation from basic officer training at Fort Sam Houston as a captain on March 22, 2010 Rattan was also granted an exemption.<ref name="Exempt">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=10172836|title=1st Sikh in Decades Graduates Army Officer School, Page 1|author=Michelle Roberts|access-date=2010-03-22|work=ABC News}}</ref> A third serviceman, Specialist Lamba, who graduated from Fort Jackson in November 2010 was also granted an exemption.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikh soldier stands out at Fort Jackson |first=Jeff |last=Wilkinson |url=http://www.thestate.com/2010/11/11/1555712/sikh-soldier-stands-out-at-fort.html |newspaper=The State |access-date=5 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115014400/http://www.thestate.com/2010/11/11/1555712/sikh-soldier-stands-out-at-fort.html |archive-date=2011-01-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After a legal battle, Army Captain [[Simratpal Singh]] won a long-term religious accommodation in 2016 that allowed him to maintain the articles of his Sikh faith while serving. Specialist Harpal Singh (US Army Reserves), Specialist Kanwar Singh (MA National Guard) and Private Arjan Ghotra (VA National Guard) were also allowed to attend Army's Basic Combat Training in summer 2016. Specialist Harpal Singh received Soldier of the Cycle award from his chain of command at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Not long after, in early 2017, the Army updated its regulations on grooming and appearances to allow Sikh soldiers and Muslim women to wear religious coverings, and for Sikh men to keep their beards. <ref>{{cite news|last=Epstein |first=Kayla|newspaper=Stars and Stripes |title=Air Force allows Sikh to wear turban, beard, unshorn hair |publisher=The Washington Post }}</ref>

In January 2017, following the outcome of a lawsuit under the [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act]], regulations were changed, allowing for the wearing of beards and turbans by religious individuals (the same ruling also allowed the wearing of burkas and hijabs by Muslims). The ruling does stipulate that the regulations can require that the beards must be worn at certain lengths (via rolling and clipping) and must not interfere with operations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abdul |first=Qassim |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/01/06/army-allows-sikhs-permanent-exemptions-to-wear-beards-turbans.html |title=Army Allows Sikhs Permanent Exemptions to Wear Beards and Turbans |publisher=Military.com |access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> Second Lieutenant Kanwar Singh became the first Sikh service-member to complete US Army's Officer Candidate School under the new military policy. He completed Basic Combat Training (Fort Jackson - 2016), Officer Candidate School (Massachusetts, Connecticut and Alabama - 2018) and Signal Basic Officer Leaders Course (Fort Gordon - 2020) with unshorn hair, beard, and turban. He currently serves as a commissioned officer in the Massachusetts National Guard (US Army Signal Corps).<ref>{{cite web|last=Rios |first=Simón |url=http://www.wbur.org/news/2018/08/07/kanwar-singh-sikh-military |title=Sikh Man Paves Way To Serve Country While Staying True To Faith |publisher=WBUR.org |access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
[[File:KS_receiving_ARCOM.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Lieutenant Singh receiving the [[Army Commendation Medal]] from a [[General Officer]], United States Army (2019)]]

In June 2019, Airman Harpreetinder Singh Bajwa became the first active duty airman allowed to serve with a beard, turban and unshorn hair as part of a given religious accommodation. Bajwa is a first-generation American who enlisted in the Air Force in 2017. Bajwa learned of exemptions granted to Sikh members in the Army, and that in 2018, the Air Force had allowed a Muslim JAG Corps officer, Captain Maysaa Ouza, liberty to wear a hijab. After hearing about Captain Ouza, he contacted Kamal Kalsi, a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army Reserve and founder of the Sikh American Veterans Alliance who helped him make his case. <ref>{{cite news|last=Epstein |first=Kayla|newspaper=Stars and Stripes |title=Air Force allows Sikh to wear turban, beard, unshorn hair |publisher=The Washington Post }}</ref>

In June 2020, [[Anmol Narang]] became the first observant Sikh to graduate from the [[United States Military Academy]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Karni|first=Annie|title=Latest Crop of West Point Graduates Includes First Observant Sikh Cadet|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/us/politics/west-point-sikh-anmol-narang.html|access-date=2020-06-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2022, the District of Columbia's federal appeals court ruled that Milaap Singh Chahal and two other Sikhs were not required to shave to serve in the Marine Corps.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hubbard |first=Halisia |title=Sikh men can serve in the Marine Corps without shaving their beards, court says |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/12/24/1145459140/sikh-marine-corps-beards-court-religion-army-military-marines |access-date=2022-12-25}}</ref>

==Notable individuals==
* Colonel [[G. B. Singh]]
* Sergeant [[Uday Singh Taunque]], Iraqi War, [[Bronze Star]], [[Purple Heart]]
*Cpl.Gurpreet Singh [[US Marine Corps]] Afghanistan [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] KIA 2011 [[Bronze Star]] [[Purple Heart]]
* Sergeant [[Bhagat Singh Thind]]
* Lt Col [[Karamjit S Aujla]] USAF
* Maj [[Simratpal Singh]] US Army
* SRA [[ Aninjot Sekhon]] USAF
* LtCol [[Deepinder Singh Grewal]]USAF

==See also==
*[[Military history of Pakistani Americans]]
*[[United States Air Force Chaplain Corps]]
*[[Chaplain Corps (United States Army)|United States Army Chaplain Corps]]
*[[United States Navy Chaplain Corps]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{USMILHIST}}

[[Category:Sikhism in the United States]]
[[Category:Religion in the United States military| S]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]
[[Category:Military history of the United States]]

Indian Prime Minister

2022-03-06T14:39:13Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker:

#redirect[[Prime Minister of India]]

User talk:Mrityunjaysinghhacker

2021-03-26T16:46:38Z

Mrityunjaysinghhacker: /* Personal life and career */

{{Infobox person
| name = Mrityunjay Singh Hacker
| image = Mirityunjay Singh.jpeg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|01|26}}<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=छोटे से गाँव से निकलकर हैकर बनने तक का सफर : मृत्युंजय सिंह|url=https://www.matrubharti.com/book/19881400/mrityunjay-singh|website=Matrubharti}}</ref>
| birth_place = Varanasi
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = Ethical hacker, cyber security expert and author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = VGMSecurity & Bharat messenger
<gallery>
</gallery>
}}

'''Mrityunjay Singh''' (born 26 January, 1997) is an Indian ethical hacker, cyber security expert and author<ref>{{cite web|first1=Libza|last1=Mannan|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=Here are the seven startups from small cities that shone at UP Startup Yatra|url=https://yourstory.com/2018/02/seven-startups-small-cities-shone-startup-yatra|date=16 February 2018|website=YourStory.com}}</ref> known for developing Very Good Morning (VGM), a mobile application that send the location to the police emergency number by pressing the mobile’s power button thrice.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=IIT- BHU launches emergency security app ‘VGM’|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/iit-bhu-launches-emergency-security-app-vgm/story-z4lBWsDrD5QoN7hzYGAgBI.html|date=20 January 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He is the founder and CEO of VGMSecurity, Adjuction.com and VGM Lite.<ref>{{cite web|last1=GK|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=Meet Mrithunjay Singh , the Man Behind Adjunction.com|url=https://studdle.org/2020/01/16/meet-mrithunjay-singh-the-man-behind-adjunct-com/|date=16 January 2020|website=Studdle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=पिता से 1,800 रुपये उधार लेकर शुरू की कंपनी, लाखों का टर्नओवर|url=https://www.matrubharti.com/book/19874204/the-success-story|website=Matrubharti}}</ref>

==Personal life and career==
Mrityunjay was born in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh where he completed his early education and later completed his graduation in Bachelor of Arts from [[:en:|Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith|Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith]] Varanasi. He also received diploma in security and hacking field of Study Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications from Indian school of ethical hacking in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=About Mrityunjay Singh|url=https://mrityunjaysingh.com/about-me/}}</ref>

Mrityunjay Singh is an Indian author, a cyber security expert, an ethical hacker and entrepreneur. Mrityunjay has authored for books “Complete Cyber Security eBook”, “Hacking TALK with Mrityunjay Singh” and “A Complete Ethical Hacking And Cyber Security” with several technical manuals and given countless lectures, workshops and seminars throughout his career.

He started his career in 2016 and founded a security app VGMSecurity that was downloaded by over 1 lakh user in play store and received 4.3 stars on the Google play store.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=IIT- BHU launches emergency security app ‘VGM’|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/iit-bhu-launches-emergency-security-app-vgm/story-z4lBWsDrD5QoN7hzYGAgBI.html|date=20 January 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Asian News International New|last1=DelhiJanuary 21|first2=2020UPDATED:|last2=January 21|first3=2020 09:46|last3=Ist|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=IIT BHU launches emergency security app 'VGM'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/iit-bhu-launches-emergency-security-app-vgm-1638690-2020-01-21|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=UP: फोन चोरी होने पर लोकेशन के साथ मिलेगी चोर की तस्वीर, बस इंस्टॉल करना होगा ये एप|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/iit-bhu-student-has-made-an-app-through-which-picture-of-thief-and-location-of-phone-will-get-when-stolen/625657/amp|website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> He later founded Bharat Messenger, a messenger that was released on the Google Play Store in June 2019. The application was installed by 500K+ user and it received over 6,100 reviews to date.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Republic|last1=World|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=What is the Bharat Messenger app? Is the app made in India? Details inside|url=https://www.republicworld.com/technology-news/apps/what-is-the-bharat-messenger-app-is-the-app-made-in-india.html|website=Republic World}}</ref>

Mrityunjay Singh is running cyber security company VGMSecurity and also selected for cyber volunteer at Govt. of India.

With no family background in computers or business, Mrityunjay’s journey from a middle class child to a successful young adult is very extraordinary and inspirational.

Mr. Mrityunjay Singh is a ethical hacker and one of the most inspiring motivational speakers and corporate trainers in India. Energy just flows when he is among the people. Mrityunjay uses advanced techniques like NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming), Hypnosis, etc. to engage the audience and lead them to use what they learn during his seminars so that they can create a positive lasting change in their life. His style of delivery is absolutely unique.

He is constantly engaged by the Corporate, Police, Military and Education sector to train, inspire and empower their people.

Mrityunjay Singh comes from very humble beginnings. One amongst 4 siblings, he started working as a cyber expert in crime branch when he was 18. He is an Ethical hacker from University of CG India. He is also an M.A. in English Literature and Political Science.

He mainly talks about Cyber Security, Power Selling, Employee Motivation, Stress Elimination, High Performance Leadership, Confidence Building, Conflict Resolution, Goal Setting, Success Strategies, Law of Attraction, Psychology of Wealth, Power of Dreams, Youth Empowerment, and Personality Transformation.

In a world where trainers, educators and motivators are hell-bent on convincing you that creating your best life is all about following their philosophy, buying their programmes and their products, Mrityunjay Singhis an anomaly. Mrityunjay doesn’t tell people he is the ‘guru’ who is the answer to all their problems. He is a coach who is ready to be there when you need, who will inspire you and challenge you to be and have the best you can. Mrityunjay believes belief is power. You have to think you can ever before you really can.

He teaches that you’re the solution (and the problem). He teaches that forever change is a process which works from the inside out. And that too many people try and put right the internal matter with external solutions. He’s kind of challenging, honest, entertaining, amusing and confronting (periodically offensive) but he knows what works and if you’re genuinely ready to change then perhaps you will connect with him.

Today his multinational enterprise, VGMSecurity, provides protection to corporations against network vulnerabilities and data theft and cyber security training. Some of VGM’s clients include the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Punjab Police, Gujarat Police, Reliance Industries Limited, Amul, Ralson (India) Ltd, Avon Cycles Ltd, MNCs from Dubai and UK..

==Books==
*Complete Cyber Security eBook
*Hacking TALK with Mrityunjay Singh
*A Complete Ethical Hacking And Cyber Security

==Awards==
*Won Startup Yatra UP Edition 2017
*Top 3000 Innovative startup in India
*Top 10 hacker in Varanasi<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2020-11-09|title=Top 10 hacker in varanasi|url=https://www.jagran.com/blogs/dainikjagrannews/top-10-hacker-in-varanasi/|website=Jagran blog}}</ref>
*Awarded for BAD Boy in Startup
*Best Safety App for women

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{URL|https://mrityunjaysingh.com/}}
*{{Facebook|mrityunjaysinghfan}}
*{{Twitter|vgmlite}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian ethical hackers]]
[[Category:Indian authors]]

User talk:Mrityunjaysinghhacker

2021-03-26T16:38:55Z

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