Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

National Institute of Health Research, Jodhpur

2026-05-06T08:31:51Z

MonroeDunning09: Added a post

{{Infobox organization
| name = National Institute of Health Research, Jodhpur
| native_name = ICMR-NIHR Jodhpur
| image = NIHRVERTICALLOGO.png
| image_size = 150px
| caption = ICMR NIHR Jodhpur
| established = {{start date and age|1984}}
| type = [[Public]]
| status = Active
| purpose = Medical research
| abbreviation = NIHR
| num_staff = Scientists, Technical, Administrative & Support Staff
| leader_title = Director
| leader_name = Prof.(Dr.) Pankaj Bhardwaj
| headquarters = [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| location = ICMR-NIHR(DMRC), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.233705|73.026960|type:edu|display=inline, title}}
| affiliations = [[Indian Council of Medical Research]]
| website = {{URL|https://niirncd.icmr.org.in/}}
}}

'''National Institute of Health Research, Jodhpur (NIHR), Jodhpur''' is an institute under the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR), dedicated to conducting research on [[non-communicable diseases]] (NCDs). The institute is located in [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].

== History ==
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), located in Jodhpur, was originally established on 27 June 1984 as the Desert Medicine Research Centre (DMRC). It was later renamed the National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (NIIRNCD) on 7 December 2019, and redesignated as NIHR on 29 April 2026.

The Institute houses state-of-the-art facilities for conducting basic laboratory-based research in microbiology, biochemistry, and vector biology. It is also actively strengthening its capacity and workforce to advance implementation research in non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Currently, NIHR comprises a team of dedicated scientists and technical experts, supported by administrative and operational staff. The Institute’s key focus areas include cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, environmental health, nutritional disorders, cancers, injury and trauma, mental health conditions, including substance use disorders, genetic disorders, and other NCDs of public health significance in India.

NIHR aims to generate high-impact implementation research across these domains, build capacity through specialized training programmes, and develop effective behaviour change communication strategies to address NCD risk factors. The Institute welcomes collaboration with academic and research institutions, as well as individual researchers committed to advancing public health in alignment with national health priorities.

== Overview ==
The institute has state-of-the-art facilities to conduct basic laboratory-based research in its microbiology, biochemistry, and vector biology laboratories. It is expanding its manpower and infrastructure to strengthen its capacity in conducting [[Implementation research]] related to NCDs.

At present, the institute has a team comprising scientists, technical experts, and administrative and support staff.

== Vision ==
To be the leader in conducting implementation research for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

== Mission ==
To equip all health care workers in the country with the necessary skills and competencies so that they can contribute to the prevention, control, and treatment of diseases & providing a support to national health Programme.

== Goal ==
To reduce the burden of diseases and improve the quality of life of people.

== Objectives ==
* To conduct implementation research in non-communicable diseases of public health significance.
* To develop human resources and build capacities for strengthening implementation research capabilities in other institutions.
* To develop information, education, and communication (IEC) strategies and tools for prevention, control, and treatment of NCDs.
* To provide recommendations to policy makers and planners in framing policies for prevention, control, and treatment of NCDs.
* To collaborate with other institutions, agencies, and individuals for developing innovative solutions for NCDs’ prevention, control, and treatment.
* To create an interface between communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases.

== Research Focus ==
The institute’s thrust areas of research include:
* [[Cardiovascular disease]]
* [[Chronic respiratory disease]]
* [[Environmental health]]
* [[Nutritional Deficiency]]s
* [[Cancer]]s
* [[Injury]] & [[Major trauma|Trauma]]
* [[Mental health]] and substance abuse
* [[Genetic disorder]]s
* Other non-communicable diseases of public health significance in India.

== Research Laboratories ==
The research laboratories at NIHR include:
* Bio Technology Laboratory (Erstwhile Vector Biology Lab)
* Microbiology Laboratory
* Bio-Chemistry Laboratory
* Virology Laboratory
* Epidemiology Laboratory

== Collaborations and Capacity Building ==
NIIRNCD aspires to:
* Carry out implementation research in its thrust areas.
* Provide training for capacity building in implementation research to other academic and research institutions.
* Develop behavior change communication materials and models for tackling risk factors of various NCDs.
* Foster collaborations with national & international institutions and individuals interested in augmenting research on non-communicable diseases.

== External links ==
* [https://niirncd.icmr.org.in/index.php Official website]

{{Jodhpur}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medical research in India]]
[[Category:Indian Council of Medical Research]]
[[Category:Jodhpur]]

War and Peace (2002 film)

2026-05-05T23:17:53Z

MonroeDunning09: stub

{{Short description|2002 Indian film by Anand Patwardhan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = War and Peace
|image =
|alt = Jang Aur Aman
|caption =
|director = [[Anand Patwardhan]]
|producer =
|writer =
|narrator =
|starring =
|music =
|cinematography = Anand Patwardhan
|editing = Anand Patwardhan, Monica Wahi, Sanjiv Shah

|distributor =
|released = {{Film date|2002}}
|runtime = 135 minutes
|country = India
|language = English, Hindi
|budget =

}}

'''''War and Peace''''' (''Jang Aur Aman'') is a [[2002 in film|2002]] Indian documentary film directed by [[Anand Patwardhan]]. The film covers the [[Pokhran-II|Indian]] and [[Chagai-I|Pakistani]] nuclear weapons tests in 1998, as well as the nationalist rhetoric that accompanied these tests. It also explores the ill-effects of the Indian test on the surrounding population and the reactions to the test among the government and the public. The latter part of the film also covers the perception of nuclear weapons in Japan and the United States. Upon the film's completion, the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian censor board]] demanded that Patwardhan make 21 cuts before it could be released, including cutting all speeches by politicians. Patwardhan refused and took the matter to court; the Bombay high court ruled in his favour a year later, and the film was released without any cuts.

== Synopsis ==
The documentary begins with the assassination of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] by the assassin [[Nathuram Godse]] in 1948.<ref name="Stratton 2002">{{cite journal|last1=Stratton|first1=David|title=War and Peace|journal=Variety|date=18 March 2002}}</ref> The film then describes the years after Indian independence. In a voice-over, Patwardhan describes several events, including the [[United States]]' use of the nuclear bomb, the nuclear arms race during the [[Cold War]], and [[Smiling Buddha|India's first nuclear test]] in 1974.<ref name="Hess 2010">{{cite journal|last1=Hess|first1=Linda|title=Violence versus Nonviolence: A Call to Engage and Act|journal=Critical Asian Studies|date=21 October 2010|volume=35|issue=1|pages=153–159|doi=10.1080/14672710320000061523|s2cid=143713776}}</ref> Patwardhan summarizes them in the following manner: "The collapse of socialism saw a revival of bigotry. America had now become our role model."<ref name="BBC 2003">{{citation|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3142039.stm |title=Alone against India's nuclear nationalism |publisher=BBC News |date=12 August 2003}}</ref> The film then examines the growing nuclear nationalism in India. It covers the [[Hindutva|Hindu-nationalist]] rhetoric of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] that surrounded [[Pokhran-II|Indian nuclear weapons tests]] in 1998.<ref name="Stratton 2002"/> The film covers the "Global Peace March" that occurred following the nuclear tests at Pokhran, and the opposition it faced from activists of the [[Sangh Parivar]].<ref name="Hess 2010"/> It also covers the rise of religious extremism in both India and Pakistan.<ref name="Stratton 2002"/> Patwardhan travels to Pakistan, where he interviews several people, including school-girls participating in a debate on the use of the bomb.<ref name="Hess 2010"/> In the second half of the documentary, Patwardhan travels to Japan to interview the ''[[hibakusha]]'', survivors of the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] by the United States.<ref name="BBC 2003"/> The film then moves to the United States, where Patwardhan interviews curators of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. The curators describe how the [[United States Congress]] blocked an attempt to create an exhibition on the American use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, and the effects of nuclear weapons.<ref name="Hess 2010"/><ref name="BBC 2003"/> A postscript to the film shows the [[September 11 attacks]], and the response of the US.<ref name="Stratton 2002"/>

==Production==
[[File:Anand Patwardhan Viennale 2012.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A file photograph of Anand Patwardhan|director, producer and cameraman [[Anand Patwardhan]]]]
The documentary was shot for three years following Indian nuclear weapons tests in 1998. It sought to explore the Hindu-nationalist rhetoric that accompanied the test.<ref name="BBC 2003"/> It included footage shot in India, Pakistan, Japan, and the United States.<ref name="Hess 2010"/> The documentary was produced and directed by Patwardhan himself, who was also responsible for the camera work.<ref name="Official website">{{cite web|last1=Patwardhan|first1=Anand|title=War and Peace|url=http://patwardhan.com/wp/?page_id=120|website=patwardhan.com|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref>

==Release and censorship==
The [[Central Board of Film Certification]], often referred to as the Indian Censor Board, asked Patwardhan to make 21 cuts before the documentary could be released.<ref name="NYT 2002">{{citation|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E4D6143CF937A15751C1A9649C8B63 |title=Filmmaker's Battle to Tell India's Story in India |work=The New York Times |date=24 December 2002}}</ref> Among the scenes that were ordered to be cut were the killing of Mahatma Gandhi by the Hindu-nationalist assassin Nathuram Godse in 1948, as well as scenes critical of leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party, which held the central government at that point.<ref name="NYT 2002"/> The board also asked Patwardhan to cut scenes depicting an exposé of corruption in the defence department of the NDA government by [[Tehelka|''Tehelka'' magazine]], as well as all speeches by politicians and the prime minister.<ref name="Bhowmik 2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bhowmik|first1=Somesvar|title=Politics of Film Censorship: Limits of Tolerance|journal=Economic & Political Weekly|date=31 August 2002|volume=37|issue=35|pages=3574–3577|jstor=4412538}}</ref> Patwardhan refused to cut the scenes, stating that this was because the scenes were of politically sensitive issues.<ref name="NYT 2002"/> As a result, the film was banned for over a year. However, after a court battle, the film was screened without a single cut.<ref name="BBC 2003"/> As with his previous films, Patwardhan also successfully petitioned the court to force the national broadcaster, [[Doordarshan]], to show this film on its national network. It was commercially released in June 2005.<ref name="Tehelka 2005">{{citation |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main13.asp?filename=In070205Short_is.asp |title=War and Peace hits the box office for the first time in India |work=[[Tehelka]] |date=25 June 2005 |access-date=1 August 2013 |archive-date=12 September 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912213520/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main13.asp?filename=In070205Short_is.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Reception and analysis==
''Tehelka'' magazine called the film a "monumental event for Indian cinema."<ref name="Tehelka 2005"/> A review in the magazine ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' stated that the three-hour length of the documentary was a problem, and that it was "long-winded and discursive." However, it said the content of the film was of "immense interest and importance in reminding the viewer of the threat to world peace posed by continuing posturing on the subcontinent."<ref name="Stratton 2002"/> In a review, scholar [[Linda Hess]] stated that the film was too long, but that the importance of the content and the skill of the producer made it worth watching. Hess states that the themes of the film included the rise of religious bigotry and militarism in Indian politics, the nuclear arms race triggered by the United States, and at the largest scale, violence and non-violence.<ref name="Hess 2010"/> The film repeatedly uses images of Mahatma Gandhi juxtaposed with footage that depicts militant ideologies in both India and Pakistan, such as footage of an [[Islamist]] rally in Pakistan calling for Islamic world domination, followed by a rally of the [[Shiv Sena]], which calls for a world dominated by Hindutva.<ref name="Hess 2010"/> Hess goes on to say that the Patwardhan's depiction of the film's complex content has a sense of irony and humor, and that "his eye and voice are unsentimental, his intellect acute."<ref name="Hess 2010"/>

== Awards ==
* Grand Prize, 2002 Earth Vision Film Festival (Tokyo)<ref name="icarusfilms">{{Citation|url=http://icarusfilms.com/new2002/wandp.html |title=War and Peace: Jang Aur Aman |publisher=ICARUS Films |access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>
* Best Film and International Jury Prize, 2002 [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]<ref name="icarusfilms" />
* International Film Critics' Award (FIPRESCI), 2002 [[Sydney Film Festival]]<ref name="icarusfilms" />
* Best Documentary, 2003 [[Karachi International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.karafilmfest.com/pastkaras_2003/pastkaras_2003_awardcitations.html |title=3rd KaraFilm Festival |publisher=Karachi International Film Festival |access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>
* Gold Award by Indian Documentary Producer's Association in 2002<ref name="patwardhan">{{Citation|url=http://www.patwardhan.com/films/warpeace.htm |title=War and Peace |publisher=Anand Patwardhan Website |access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>
* Best Documentary, 2003 International Video Festival, Kerala<ref name="patwardhan" />
* Silver Dhow, 2003 Zanzibar International Film Festival<ref name="patwardhan" />
* 2004 [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]], India<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/51nationalfilmawards.htm |title=51st National Film Awards - 2004 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0311356|title=War and Peace}}
*[http://www.patwardhan.com/films/warpeace.htm 'War and Peace' (''Jang Aur Aman'')]

{{DEFAULTSORT:War And Peace (2002 Film)}}
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Anand Patwardhan]]
[[Category:Documentary films about nuclear war and weapons]]
[[Category:Documentary films about nuclear technology]]
[[Category:Anti-nuclear films]]
[[Category:Anti-nuclear movement in India]]
[[Category:Nuclear weapons programme of India]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear weapons testing]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Films subject to a lawsuit]]
[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anand Patwardhan]]
[[Category:2002 Indian films]]

Shubhada Varadkar

2026-04-24T14:45:52Z

MonroeDunning09: new

{{Short description|Dancer and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Shubhada Varadkar
| image = Shubhada Varadkar.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|8|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Maharashtra, India
| education = Masters in Economics and diploma in Bharatnatyam & Odissi
| alma_mater = [[Mumbai University]]
| known_for = Odissi Dance, Cancer Survivor
| notable_works =
| style = Odissi
| awards = Maharashtra State Cultural Award 2019-20
}}

'''Shubhada Varadkar''' (born 9 August 1961) is an [[Odissi]] exponent,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/kala-arpan-an-offering-by-40-maestros-of-indian-classical-art-at-launch-of-wfac/story-xivmJ3tMz2KmXe6itdVIuO_amp.html | title='Kala Arpan' an offering by 40 maestros of Indian classical art | date=20 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhada Varadkar, the Odissi exponent was diagnosed with cancer. A talented and passionate dancer, she fought the disease for the love of her art and her desire to keep dancing and creating something beautiful. Listen to her as she speaks about how not succumb to the challenges life throws at us. |url=https://www.globalindian.com/youth/videos/motivational/shubhada-varadkar-the-odissi-exponent-was-diagnosed-with-cancer-a-talented-and-passionate-dancer-she-fought-the-disease-for-the-love-of-her-art-and-her-desire-to-keep-dancing-and-creating-something/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Global Indian Youth |language=en-US}}</ref> author and practitioner of [[Indian classical dance]]. She is an 'A' grade National artist for Doordarshan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dancer Shubhada Varadkar Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/marathi/dancer/shubhada-varadkar |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> She has received the Maharashtra State Cultural Award 2019–20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Cultural Awards: सांस्कृतिक कार्य संचालनालयामार्फत देण्यात येणाऱ्या विविध सांस्कृतिक पुरस्कारांची घोषणा, See List {{!}} 📰 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/maharashtra/cultural-awards-announcement-of-various-cultural-awards-given-by-the-directorate-of-cultural-affairs-see-list-375719.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
For the first time created a collaboration called Flamencodissi, production of Odissi and Flameco in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-flamencodissi-2715298 | title=When Flamenco meet Odissi }}</ref> She presented Geet Govind verses in 1995<ref>{{Cite news |date=1995-09-07 |title=Pune Festival 95 |work=The Times of India, Pune Plus}}</ref>

==Biography==
Varadkar has a Master of Arts degree in economics from the [[University of Mumbai]], Maharashtra and diploma in Bharat Natyam from the Kalasadan Institute of Fine Arts.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/marathi/dancer/shubhada-varadkar | title=Dancer Shubhada Varadkar Biography, News, Photos, Videos }}</ref>

She was a newscaster with Indian Television in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhada Varadkar {{!}} Sanjeevani - Life Beyond Cancer |url=https://www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com/stories-cancer-victor-speaks/shubhada-varadkar |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com}}</ref>

She is an empanelled artist with the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR).<ref>{{Cite web |title=EMPANELLED ARTISTS LIST |url=https://www.iccr.gov.in/sites/default/files/Basic%20Page/GENRE%20WISE%20LIST%20OF%20ICCR%20EMPANELLED%20ARTISTS%20LIST.pdf |website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations}}</ref> and has a Senior Fellowship by [[Ministry of Culture (India)]], Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhada Varadkar |url=https://newsband.in/?tag=shubhada-varadkar |website=Newsband}}</ref>

She is a disciple of [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]],<ref name="Dave 2017">{{cite news |last1=Dave |first1=Ranjana |title=Love and war in the time of Krishna |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/love-and-war-in-the-time-of-krishna/article19380337.ece |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 July 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref> an Indian classical dancer, guru, and exponent of [[Odissi]] dance.

She is the author of Glimpses of Indian Classical Dance and Mayurpankh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADA {{!}} Asia Development Alliance |url=https://ada2030.org/blog-detail.php?url=classical-dance-for-the-millenials-by-mitali-varadar |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=ada2030.org}}</ref>

Shubhada Varadkar is the only Odissi Dancer to play [[Pickleball]], a game where a perforated polymer ball strikes against a paddle. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The craze for Pickleball |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/pickleball-andre-agassi-bainbridge-cup-sunil-valavalkar-111684428440017.html}}</ref>

She is a cousin of Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach) [[Leo Varadkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshmukh |first=Nikhil |date=2017-06-16 |title=Varadkar's kin rejoice as he becomes Ireland PM |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/160617/varadkars-kin-rejoice-as-he-becomes-ireland-pm.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/shubhada-varadkar/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>

She is the daughter of Indian freedom fighters Manohar Varadkar and Manik Varadkar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karelia |first=Gopi |date=2020-11-09 |title=Quetta to Mumbai: How A Paithani Sari & Humanity Saved My Life During Partition |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/241573/india-pakistan-partition-manik-varadkar-leo-humanity-freedom-struggle-savitri-bai-khanolkar-gop94/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=On the eve of India's Independence Day, a partition survivor shares her story |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-quetta-to-mumbai-an-86-year-journey-2648551 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
In 2013, a ''[[Zee_Media_Corporation#Online|DNA]]'' review of a dance performance by Varadkar that she adapted from the poems of [[Swami Vivekananda]] noted "it was not just the poetic adaptation that drew large crowds to Ravindra Natya Mandir last weekend. There was the detail-rich performance, Varadkar's interpretation of Vivekanand's poems and of course her dancing."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aikara |first1=Anita |title=Poetic performance |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-poetic-performance-1930471 |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=[[Zee_Media_Corporation#Online|DNA India]] |date=7 December 2013 |language=en}}</ref> A 2017 review in the ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' of her performance of "Sakhi he Keshi Mathana Muradam" from the [[Gita Govinda]] by [[Jayadeva]] stated "Besides graceful movements, precise footwork and tender gestures, it was her [[abhinaya]] that raised it to a level above the ordinary."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gokhale |first1=Shanta |title=Poetry in motion |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/shanta-gokhale/poetry-in-motion/articleshow/59885686.cms |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=3 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> A 2019 review in ''[[The Hindu]]'' of an event that included a classical dance finale choreographed by Varadkar stated, "Training in Odissi under Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra and [[Bharatanatyam]] under Guru Mani have made Shubada a versatile artiste and choreographer with a quest for perfection."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Bhanu |title=Confluence of art forms |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/confluence-of-art-forms/article28178408.ece |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 June 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Books ==
She is the author of

* Celestial Plume<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-10 |title=The Celestial Plume- an inspirational book launch at Crossword |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/the-celestial-plume-an-inspirational-book-launch-in-crossword-21514151 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
* The glimpse of Indian Classical dance <ref>{{Cite book |last=Varadkar |first=Shubhada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKR2AgAAQBAJ |title=The Glimpse of Indian Classical Dance |date=2012-08-30 |publisher=Krimiga Books, Krimiga Content Development Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-925709-0-7 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Documentary''' - The book Celestial Plume has also been made into a documentary <ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |title=In documentary 'Peacock Plume', the stirring story of how Shubhada Varadkar danced around cancer |url=https://scroll.in/reel/893106/in-documentary-peacock-plume-the-stirring-story-of-how-shubhada-varadkar-danced-around-cancer |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Scroll.in |date=14 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Performances ==
* Mayurpankh - Dance of Hope Production <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubhada Varadkar {{!}} Sanjeevani - Life Beyond Cancer |url=https://www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com/stories-cancer-victor-speaks/shubhada-varadkar |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com}}</ref>
* Malhaar Festival 2012 - organized by Indian Council of Cultural Relations <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-06 |title=Invoking rain gods |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/invoking-rain-gods/story-Ez0d0WHh6pHzPRsZuJC6QO.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* Madhuram at NCPA, Mumbai<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuram & Krishna – The Liberator |url=https://www.ncpamumbai.com/event/madhuram-krishna-the-liberator/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=NCPA |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Odissi in Venezuela 2017, Bolivar Theatre - led a 10-member troupe<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of India, Caracas, Venezuela : Events/Photo Gallery |url=https://www.eoicaracas.gov.in/event_detail/?eventid=137 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=www.eoicaracas.gov.in}}</ref>
* Creating performances for Cancer Awareness<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-04 |title=How this Odissi dancer battled with cancer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/how-this-odissi-dancer-battled-with-cancer/articleshow/36040890.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Panchakshara Stuti choreographed by Shubhada Varadkar<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Bhanu |date=2018-03-29 |title=The essence of Odissi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/the-essence-of-odissi/article23382309.ece |access-date=2023-05-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Odissi dance on Swami Vivekananda's life 18 January 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report dance music Swami Vivekananda |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-music-and-dance-obeisance-to-swami-vivekananda-details-inside-2705659}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* Maharashtra State Cultural Award 2019-20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Cultural Awards: सांस्कृतिक कार्य संचालनालयामार्फत देण्यात येणाऱ्या विविध सांस्कृतिक पुरस्कारांची घोषणा, See List {{!}} 📰 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/maharashtra/cultural-awards-announcement-of-various-cultural-awards-given-by-the-directorate-of-cultural-affairs-see-list-375719.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
* Singar Mani award for Odissi by Sur Singar Samsad, 2000<ref>"Shubhada Varadkar | Sanjeevani - Life Beyond Cancer". www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023</ref>
* Mahari award for Odissi in 2011<ref>"Shubhada Varadkar | Sanjeevani - Life Beyond Cancer". www.sanjeevani-lifebeyondcancer.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023.</ref>
* Kala Sarathi Award 2023<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hema malini and sri Sri ravisha kar give away kala sarathi awards |work=Apn news |url=https://www.apnnews.com/hema-malini-and-sri-sri-ravishankar-guruji-give-away-kala-sarathi-awards-at-art-of-living-international-centre/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://sanskritafoundation.org/

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Varadkar, Shubhada}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Odissi dancers]]

Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad

2026-04-19T22:31:44Z

MonroeDunning09: new a biography needs work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad
| native_name = ਕਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੀਰ ਮੁਹੰਮਦ
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|7|21|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| image =
| office = Ex-President, [[All India Sikh Students Federation]]
| constituency =
| term = 1995-2019
| office2 = General Secretary, [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| term_start2 = 2021
| predecessor2 =
| office3 =
| term3 =
| party = [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| other_party =
| children = 2 sons
| father = Gurcharan Singh
| mother = Pal Kaur
| website = {{Facebook|karnailsingh.peermohammad.3}}
| spouse = Sukhwinder Kaur
| parents =
}}
'''Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਕਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੀਰ ਮੁਹੰਮਦ)''' is an Indian Sikh politician and former President of [[All India Sikh Students Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140306/punjab.htm |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> {{As of|2022}}, he is serving as general secretary and spokesperson of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Brahmpura rejoins Akali Dal |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/brahmpura-rejoins-akali-dal/406514 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www.outlookindia.com/ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranjit Singh Brahmpura to return to Akali Dal fold |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/ranjit-singh-brahmpura-to-return-to-akali-dal-fold-353404 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824192536/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/ranjit-singh-brahmpura-to-return-to-akali-dal-fold-353404 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad was born in 1968, to Gurcharan Singh and Pal Kaur. He has two siblings. His younger brother is a PPS officer and is posted as a district jail superintendent. His sister is married in a well known transport family of [[Mumbai]]. He is married to Sukhwinder Kaur from [[Tarn Taran Sahib]]. Peer Mohammad has two sons. His native village is [[Peer Mohammad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jugraj Singh Sidhu, newly appointed Civil Judge-cum-Judicial Magistrate of Peermohammad village accorded special honor |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/news/news/jugraj-singh-sidhu-newly-appointed-civil-judge-cum-judicial-magistrate-of-peermohammad-village-accorded-special-honor-152097 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www.punjabnewsexpress.com}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Peer Mohammad became President of [[All India Sikh Students Federation|All India Sikh Student Federation]] since 19 January 1995. He stepped down from the post of president in 2019, citing the need to bring young leaders forward for betterment of Sikh panth and its values.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AISSF celebrates 75th anniversary in Moga, Peer Mohammad steps down |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/aissf-celebrates-75th-anniversary-in-moga-peer-mohammad-steps-down-832055 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> He is currently serving as the Chief Spokesperson for [[Shiromani Akali Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shiromani Akali Dal will move towards strength again after acquittal in indecency case: Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad |url=http://www.5dariyanews.com/news/378346-Shiromani-Akali-Dal-will-move-towards-strength-again-after-acquittal-in-indecency-case-Karnail-Sing |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=5 Dariya News}}</ref>

Under Peer Mohammad's leadership, the federation has worked for issues of Punjab and defending the values of Sikhism. The organization has also worked on SYL Water issues for Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-13 |title=SYL issue: AISSF demands resolution in Assembly to challenge SC verdict |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/syl-issue-aissf-demands-resolution-in-assembly-to-challenge-sc-verdict-4372983/ |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Peer Mohammad has also served as the director of Punjab Agro Industry Corporation. He is currently the Director of International Sikh Sports Council.This council initiated to make a Sikh Saroop Hockey team. Till now, the International Sikh Sports Council has organised two International Hockey tournaments.The first Hockey tournament was organised in Mata Sahib Kaur Hockey Academy at the Astroturf Stadium in Jarkhar village, Ludhiana. The second tournament was organised in Mohali International Hockey Stadium, in [[Mohali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top academy teams to vie for honours |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/top-academy-teams-to-vie-for-honours-504741 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2018 unidentified persons attacked the parental house of Peer Mohammad. His house was attacked because he was continuously fighting against the drug mafia. Karnail was not at home at that time. His father, Gurcharan Singh, and other family members were present. No one was hurt in the incident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AISSF chief's house attacked, none hurt |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/aissf-chief-s-house-attacked-none-hurt-640272 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

He demanded a complete ban on the screening of "Messenger of God" due to controversial dialogues in the movie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Furious Sikh Groups Demand Ban on the Dera Chief's Messenger of God Film Stunt |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2014/dec/28/furious-sikh-groups-demand-ban-on-the-dera-chief%e2%80%99s-messenger-of-god-film-stunt-698869.html |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In 2015, Peer Mohammad organised a 'Insaaf March' from [[Anandpur Sahib]] to the residence of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] chief minister at [[Chandigarh]] demanding justice for the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 Sikh genocide]] victims.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-02 |title=1984 riot victims take out 'Insaaf march' from Anadpur Sahib to Chandigarh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/1984-riot-victims-take-out-insaaf-march-from-anadpur-sahib-to-chandigarh/story-srk6L2bsbQZXIyLTkf5IjN.html |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He struggled a lot in getting Sajjan Kumar and Jagdish Titler arrested for the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 Sikh Genocide]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2013 |title=AISSF chief held for throwing shoe at judge who acquitted Sajjan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/man-held-for-hurling-shoe-judge-acquittal-sajjan-kumar-1984-anti-sikh-riots-case-india-today-160680-2013-04-30 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad and Parminder Singh Dhingra have penned a letter to the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), registering their strong objection to specific scenes in the movie "Animal" that have caused considerable distress among the Sikh community. The AISSF earnestly urges the CBFC to expeditiously address this matter by eliminating the offensive scenes from the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kharbanda |first=Dr. |date=2023-12-10 |title=AISSF Appeals to Censor Board: Remove 'Animal' Film Scenes Disturbing Sikh Religious Sentiments. |work=Aliyesha |url=https://aliyesha.com/sub/articles/news/display/pb_aissf_appeals_censor_board_animal_disturbing_sikh_sentiments?fbclid=IwAR27E7xK46YefFde3RzlEuf2ShjcnhX-nG6L_UX-mhaD11HqW4I94H6srO0 |access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-10 |title=ਸਿੱਖ ਫੈਡਰੇਸ਼ਨ ਨੇ ਸੈਂਸਰ ਬੋਰਡ ਨੂੰ ਫ਼ਿਲਮ 'ਐਨੀਮਲ' ਤੋਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ ਹਟਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਕਿਹਾ |url=https://yespunjab.com/punjabi/%e0%a8%b8%e0%a8%bf%e0%a9%b1%e0%a8%96-%e0%a8%ab%e0%a9%88%e0%a8%a1%e0%a8%b0%e0%a9%87%e0%a8%b8%e0%a8%bc%e0%a8%a8-%e0%a8%a8%e0%a9%87-%e0%a8%b8%e0%a9%88%e0%a8%82%e0%a8%b8%e0%a8%b0-%e0%a8%ac%e0%a9%8b/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Yes Punjab - ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ - Latest Punjab News in Punjabi |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213211107/https://yespunjab.com/punjabi/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96-%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Achievements ==
Peer Mohammad was honoured in 2013 by the [[England]] Parliament [[Westminster]] by the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] and Punjabi Community.

In 2014, he was honoured with a gold medal by the Sikh Supreme Council in [[Takanini Gurdwara|gurdwara Takanini Gurdwara Sahib]], [[New Zealand]].

He was also honoured in Gurdwara Guru Nanak Darbar, Dublin in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] because of his Panthic works.

==External links==
* {{Facebook|karnailsingh.peermohammad.3}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammad, Karnail Singh Peer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:1968 births]]

Bemetara Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:28Z

MonroeDunning09: adding new info basic info!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bemetara
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 69
| mla = [[Dipesh Sahu]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
| electors = {{formatnum:247204}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| map_image = Bemetara Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Bemetara''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises [[Berla tehsil]] and parts of [[Bemetara tehsil]] and [[Dhamdha tehsil]], all in [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]] district.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|V. Y. Tamaskar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|Jagtarandas
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Sheolal
|-
| rowspan="2" |Laxman Prasad
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|G. R. Tamaskar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |Laxman Prasad Vaidya
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | Ravendra Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Mahesh Tiwari
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Chetan Singh Verma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Mahesh Tiwari
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Chetan Singh Verma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|[[Tamradhwaj Sahu]]
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Awadhesh Singh Chandel
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
|[[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Dipesh Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bemetara<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Dipesh Sahu]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 97,731
|percentage = 49.60
|change = +20.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 88,597
|percentage = 44.97
|change = +1.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rohit Sinha
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 2,880
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jitendra Navrange
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 2,165
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 498
|percentage = 0.25
|change = -1.94
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 9,134
|percentage = 4.63
|change = -9.91
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 197,031
|percentage = 79.70
|change = +1.23
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Bemetara<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 74,914
|percentage = 43.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Awadhesh Singh Chandel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 49,783
|percentage = 28.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Yogesh Tiwari
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 28,332
|percentage = 16.40
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjeev Agrawal
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 4,374
|percentage = 2.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sohan Lal Nishad
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 4,275
|percentage = 2.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Churaman Singh Sahu
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,713
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,789
|percentage = 2.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,131
|percentage = 14.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 172,807
|percentage = 78.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bemetara district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Bemetara district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]
{{coord|21.71|81.53|display=title}}

Moodeen Sheriff

2026-04-17T05:00:07Z

MonroeDunning09: Added a pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
'''Moodeen Sheriff''', the Anglicized form of '''Mohideen Sheriff''' (died 21 February 1891) was an Indian surgeon and practitioner of herbal medicine. He worked in [[Chennai|Madras]] and was the posthumous author of the ''Materia Medica of Madras''. He was known for his expertise and knowledge of native herbal medicine and contributed to the works on economic botany by [[George Watt (botanist)|Sir George Watt]]. He worked for many years at the Triplicane Dispensary and was conferred the title of [[Khan Bahadur]] in 1870.

Sheriff graduated from the [[Madras Medical College]] in the 1850s and worked at the Triplicane Dispensary in 1858 where he worked until his retirement on 7 July 1889. Sheriff served as "Native Surgeon" and was made an Honorary Assistant Surgeon in December 1869.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23565/page/7072/data.pdf | title=Brevet | work=London Gazette | date=14 December 1869 | page=7072 | accessdate=13 December 2018 }}</ref> Sheriff contributed notes to the ''Madras Quarterly Journal of Medicine'' and corresponded with other physicians and pharmacists of the period.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://archive.org/stream/madrasquarterly00unkngoog#page/n178/mode/1up/search/Sheriff|title=Annual report of Triplicane Dispensary, Madras, for the year 1862| author=Sheriff, Moodeen|pages=161–171|journal=The Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science|volume=8|year=1865}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1871.tb00077.x|title=Historical Notes on the Radix Galangae of Pharmacy|journal=Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany|volume=13|issue=65|pages=20|year=1871|last1=Hanbury|first1=Daniel}}</ref> Sheriff prepared a ''Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia of India'' (1869) which included names of medicinal plants in fourteen Indian languages and was involved in selecting drugs to be exhibited at the Calcutta International Exhibition of 1883. After his death, the ''Materia Medica of Madras'' that he was working on was completed by [[David Hooper (chemist)|David Hooper]], the government quinologist at Ootacamund. A portrait was placed at Royapettah Hospital and in 1894 a prize was instituted at the Madras Medical College in his memory.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Singh, Harkishan|journal=Pharmaceutical Historian| volume= 47|issue= 2|year=2017|pages=39–42|title=Moodeen Sheriff and the 1869 Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia of India 1868}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* [http://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/archive/74907511 Materia Medica of Madras. Volume 1]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62166 Supplement To The Pharmacopoeia Of India (1869)]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:19th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Chennai]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]

Lumding Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:01Z

MonroeDunning09: Added new stub

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Lumding
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Central Assam Division|Central Assam]]
| district = [[Hojai district|Hojai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors =
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 64
| map_image = Lumding Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
}}

'''Lumding Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 [[Assam Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Assam]] state in [[Northeast India|North Eastern]] India. It is also one of the 9 state legislative assembly constituencies included in the [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election
! Member
! colspan="2"|Political Party
! Tenure
|-
|2021
|rowspan=2|[[Sibu Misra]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}| ||rowspan=2|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|rowspan=2|2016-''[[Incumbent]]''
|-
|2016
|-
|2011
| Swapan Kar
|{{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|2011-16
|-
|2006
|rowspan=2|[[Sushil Dutta]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}| ||rowspan=2|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|rowspan=2| 2001-11
|-
|2001
|-
|1996
|Hazi Abdur Rouf
|style="background-color:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}| ||[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|1996-01
|-
|1991
|Debesh Chakraborty
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}| ||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1991-96
|-
|1985
| Ardhendu Kumar Dey
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|1985-91
|-
|1983
|Debesh Chakraborty
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}| ||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1983-85
|-
|1978
|Biresh Misra
|style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"| ||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|1978-83
|-
|1972
|Santi Ranjan Dasgupta
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}| ||rowspan=4|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1972-78
|-
|1967
|Sadhan Ranjan Sarkar
|1967-72
|-
|1962
|Santi Ranjan Dasgupta
|1962-67
|-
|1957
|Ram Nath Sarma
|1957-62
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Lumding}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Swapan Kar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sibu Misra]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= [[Jashada Dulal Rakshit]]|party=Independent|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] : Lumding<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/assembly/2021/form21E_2021.html |title=AC_Wise Final Result as per Form 21E |work=CEO Assam |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Sibu Misra]]|votes=89,108|percentage=51.04%|change=+5.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Swapan Kar]]|votes=77,377|percentage=44.32%|change=+17.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Assam Jatiya Parishad|candidate=Mausumi Sarma Bezbaruah|votes=3,260|percentage=1.87%|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,485|percentage=0.85%|change=+0.07}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 11,731
|percentage = 6.78%
|change =-12.64
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=173,094|percentage=82.17%|change=-3.73}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =+5.00
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Lumding}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sibu Misra
|votes = 72,072
|percentage = 46.04
|change = +16.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Netra Ranjan Mahanta
|votes = 41,672
|percentage = 26.62
|change = -1.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Swapan Kar
|votes = 39,075
|percentage = 24.96
|change = -6.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ujjal Deb
|votes = 1,109
|percentage = 0.70
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = JCP
|candidate = Kamrul Islam Barbhuyan
|votes = 746
|percentage = 0.47
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kamal Patar
|votes = 618
|percentage = 0.39
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,232
|percentage = 0.78
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,400
|percentage = 19.42
|change = +17.96
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,56,524
|percentage = 85.90
|change = +11.49
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing = +11.27
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Lumding}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Swapan Kar
|votes = 39,443
|percentage = 31.33
|change = +9.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sushil Dutta
|votes = 38,612
|percentage = 29.87
|change = -1.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shefali Dey
|votes = 35,124
|percentage = 27.90
|change = +3.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Idris Ali
|votes = 5,207
|percentage = 4.14
|change = -0.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Uma Bhowmik
|votes = 2,915
|percentage = 2.32
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tankeshwar Kakoti
|votes = 2,049
|percentage = 1.63
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mukut Patar
|votes = 1,477
|percentage = 1.17
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Md. Azarul Haque
|votes = 1,087
|percentage = 0.86
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ashim Mazumder
|votes = 990
|percentage = 0.79
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,831
|percentage = 1.46
|change = -5.16
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,25,904
|percentage = 74.41
|change = +1.07
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +5.61
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|
title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2006: Lumding}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sushil Dutta
|votes = 36,693
|percentage = 31.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Maya Chakraborty
|votes = 28,894
|percentage = 24.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Pritimohan Nath
|votes = 25,420
|percentage = 21.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Swapan Kar
|votes = 17,037
|percentage = 14.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Narayan Chandra Bhowmik
|votes = 5,020
|percentage = 4.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Debasish Gupta
|votes = 3,240
|percentage = 2.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AGP(P)
|candidate = Montosh Paul
|votes = 1,485
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,799
|percentage = 6.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,17,789
|percentage = 73.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Lumding]]
* [[Hojai district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Lumding]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Hojai district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Assam]]

Gorakhpur–Charlapalli Express

2026-04-08T07:30:24Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Charlapalli–Gorakhpur Express
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1991|01|02}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Charlapalli}} (CHZ)
| stops = 42
| end = {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur}} (GKP)
| distance = {{convert|1818|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 32 hours 17 minutes
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC First, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large Window
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 12590 / 12589
| speed = {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:(Secunderabad - Gorakhpur) Express route map.jpg|250px|(Secunderabad–Gorakhpur) Express route map]]
| map_state =
}}
The 12589 / 12590 '''Charlapalli–Gorakhpur Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast]] express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] [[North Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between [[Charlapalli railway station|Charlaplli]] and {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}} in India.
It was inaugurated as 5090/5089 Gorakhpur - Hyderabad Express(now 12590/12589 Secunderabad - Gorakhpur - Secunderabad) with Bi-weekly services departing Secunderabad on Sunday and Thursday. Later, one day run of 5090/89 was extended to Bangalore(Bengaluru) as 5092/5091(now 12592/12591 Yesvantpur - Gorakhpur - Yesvantpur Express).
The train numbers swapped after the trains were upgraded to SuperFast status in early 2000's.
<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-16031150.html], ''jagran.com'', 15 May 2017</ref>

It is expected to operate as train number 12590 from Charlapalli to Gorakhpur Junction and as train number 12589 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Telangana]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] & [[Uttar Pradesh]].

Earlier till 2024 the train used to be operated between Gorakhpur Secunderabad after the development of Charlapalli Railway terminal the train terminal is changed to Charlapalli and now being operated as Gorakhpur Charlapalli express

==Coaches==
The 12590 / 89 Express has one First AC, 2 AC 2-tier, 8 AC 3-tier, 4 sleeper class, four general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches and one high capacity parcel van coaches. It also has a [[pantry car]].<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-15822127.html?src=HP-UP-ART], ''jagran.com'', 8 April 2017</ref>

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==
The 12590 Charlapalli–Gorakhpur Junction Express covers the distance of {{convert|1830|km|0|abbr=on}} in 32 hours 35 mins (56 km/h) and in 32 hours 00 mins as the 12589 Gorakhpur Junction–Charlapalli (57 km/h).<ref>[http://www.palpalindia.com/2016/11/29/No-65-trains-will-halt-Bhopal-Habibganj-station-news-in-hindi-164627.html], ''palpalindia.com'', 29 November 2016</ref>

As the average speed of the train is equal to {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Routing==
The 12590 / 89 Charlapalli–Gorakhpur Express runs from Secunderabad Junction via {{stnlnk|Kazipet Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nagpur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Lucknow Charbagh}}, {{stnlnk|Basti}}, to Gorakhpur Junction.<ref>[http://www.irfca.org/docs/ministers-trains.html], ''irfca.org'', Retrieved 21 June 2017</ref>

==Traction==
As the route is electrified, a [[Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda|Lallaguda Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive pulls the train for its entire journey.

==See also==
* [[Gorakhpur–Yesvantpur Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/secunderabad-gorakhpur-sf-express-12590/549/835/539 12590 Secunderabad Gorakhpur Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/gorakhpur-secunderabad-sf-express-12589/1490/539/835 12589 Gorakhpur Secunderabad Express] at India Rail Info

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorakhpur-Secunderabad Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Secunderabad]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1991]]

Harish Pimple

2026-04-07T14:20:31Z

MonroeDunning09: new basic data from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Harish Pimple
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| order =
| governor =
| constituency_AM1 = [[Murtizapur Assembly constituency|Murtizapur]]
| assembly1 = Maharashtra Legislative
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Tukaram Bidkar]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|01|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kalyan]], Maharashtra, India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| spouse = Nutan Pimple
| children = Rohan Pimple (Son) Gouri Pimple
| father = Marotiappa Pimple
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Harish Marotiappa Pimple''' is a member of the 13th [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. He represents the [[Murtizapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Murtizapur]] Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="IT-20141103">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/story/maharashtra-assembly-poll-results-bjp-shiv-sena-ncp-congress-223847-2014-10-19|title=Results of Maharashtra Assembly polls 2014 |work=India Today|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="SaharaSamay-20141020">{{cite news|url=http://www.saharasamay.com/nation-news/politics-news/676563000/maharashtra-assembly-election-2014-results-live-constituency-wis.html|title=Maharashtra Assembly election 2014 results: Constituency-wise winning candidates list |date=2014-10-20|work=Sahara Samay|access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 – Murtizapur">{{cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Murtizapur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1332.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130185326/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1332.htm |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=30 November 2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==Political career==

Harish Pimple is a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pimple, Harish Marotiappa}}
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Akola district]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

The Stage (TV series)

2026-03-29T12:27:41Z

MonroeDunning09: done

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Talent show]]
| presenter = [[Shibani Dandekar]]
| judges = [[#Judges|See below]]
| creator = Kamna Nirula Menezes
| based_on =
| director =
| writer =
| creative_director =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 48
| country = India
| language = English
| producer = Kamna Nirula Menezes
| location = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = SOL Productions
| channel = [[Colors Infinity]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2015|10|10|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2017|12|07|df=y}}
}}

'''''The Stage''''' is an Indian [[talent show|talent]] television series, season 1 of which premiered on 10 October 2015 and broadcasts on [[Colors Infinity]]. The show airs on Saturday and Sunday nights. The series is produced by Kamna Nirula Menezes of SOL Productions. The series is India's first-ever homegrown English singing talent hunt show. All three seasons have been presented by [[Shibani Dandekar]] while [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Monica Dogra]], [[Ehsaan Noorani]], and Devraj Sanyal judge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/colors-infinity-to-air-new-show-the-stage/|title=Colors Infinity to air new show 'The Stage'|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/colors-infinity-to-air-new-show-the-stage-115091401026_1.html|title=Colors Infinity to air new show 'The Stage'|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2015/09/colors-infinity-takes-a-step-towards-homegrown-english-content-to-launch-the-stage/|title=Colors Infinity takes a step towards homegrown English content; to launch 'The Stage'|work=Best Media Info|date=15 September 2015|accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Yatharth Ratnum was declared the winner of the first season. The second season was bagged by [[Sharvi Yadav]]. The third season was won by Siddhant Sharma.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 'The Stage' winner Yatharth Ratnum says he loves old Bollywood songs {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-the-stage-winner-yatharth-ratnum-says-he-loves-old-bollywood-songs-2157516|website = dna|accessdate = 2016-01-06}}</ref>

==Host==
*[[Shibani Dandekar]]

==Judges==
*[[Vishal Dadlani]]
*[[Monica Dogra]]
*[[Ehsaan Noorani]]
*Devraj Sanyal

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stage}}
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:English-language Indian television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Infinity original programming]]

Ryan International Group of Institutions

2026-03-26T22:36:35Z

MonroeDunning09: correct page further and improved wording per sources

{{short description|Group of private educational institutions in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=November 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=November 2020}}
{{COI|date=June 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Ryan International Group of Institutions
| logo = Ryan International Group logo.png
| seal_image =
| image =
| image_size = 100px
| alt = Logo of Ryan Group of Schools depicting the motto " Education & All Round Development"
| motto =
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| county =
| state =
| province =
| postal_code =
| zipcode =
| coordinates =
| schooltype = Private sector
| fundingtype =
| type =
| religious_affiliation =
| denomination =
| established = {{Start date|df=yes|1976}}
| founder = Dr. A.F. Pinto
| closed =
| district =
| us_nces_district_id =
| local_authority =
| chairman = Dr. Augustine F. Pinto {{citation needed|date=September 2022}}
| head = Ryan Pinto
| head_label = CEO
| administrator =
| chaplain =
| staff =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| employees =
| grades = 7696964
| years =
| gender =
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
| enrollment =
| ratio =
| system =
| language = [[English language|English]]
| yearbook =
| branches =
| affiliations =
| alumni =
| website = {{URL|http://www.ryaninternational.org}}
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], [[International Baccalaureate (IB)|IB]], [[CISCE]], [[IGCSE]], [[Higher Secondary School Certificate|HSC]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]], [[GSEB]]
| enrolment =
| director = Dr. Snehal Pinto and Ms. Sonal Pinto
| chair =
| campus_director = Dr Grace Pinto
}}
'''Ryan International Group of Institutions''' is a group of private educational institutions in [[India]] and other countries. The group started its first school in [[Kerala]] in 1976 and currently has more than 135 schools in India and other countries including significant locations in [[Maharashtra]], [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi-NCR]], and [[Karnataka]].<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ryan-international-school-murder-case-gurgaon-5-unanswered-questions-1041813-2017-09-10 Ryan International School murder case: 5 unanswered questions after 3 days of police probe]</ref><ref name="indiatoday._1045776">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ryan-international-school-owners-laundered-crores-says-sebi-report-1042639-2017-09-11|title=Ryan International School owners used dubious finance company to launder crores, says Sebi report|access-date=2017-09-12}}</ref> The group collaborates with universities in the US to enhance education globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/ryan-international-school-explains-international-exchange-programs-benefit-children-school-years/|title=Ryan International School explains why International Exchange Programs benefit children in their school years!|date=2019-06-06|website=India Education Diary|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref>

The group employs over 18,000 faculty members and over 30,000 students pass from Ryan schools annually.<ref name=":0" /> Students of Ryan International Schools are commonly known as "Ryanites."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Ryanites-take-on-dares-at-adventure-camp/articleshow/7776569.cms|title=Ryanites take on dares at adventure camp - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 March 2011 |access-date=2019-03-22}}</ref>

== Origins ==
In the initial attempts to set up an English-medium school for the middle class in Mumbai, Dr. Pinto, the founder-promoter and chairman of RIGI, set up a small school in 1974 that failed to take off. However, he and Grace Albuquerque, a teacher at that time, eventually established St. Xavier's High School in Borivali East, a Mumbai suburb, with the help of Anthony Silva Pinto, the new head of OLPS School, Chembur.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/meet-pintos-the-family-behind-130-ryan-international-schools-in-india-1515523.html|title=Meet Pintos, the Family Behind 130 Ryan International Schools in India|website=News18|date=11 September 2017 |access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ryan-international-school-narendra-modi-augustine-and-grace-pinto-pradyumna-1042778-2017-09-12|title=Ryan International School: How son of a farmer built his business empire of education|date=September 12, 2017|first=Prabhash K.|last=Dutta|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref>

==Ryan International School's list==
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2024}}

=== Ryan International School, Malad ===
Ryan International School has two schools in [[Malad]] under [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] and [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] affiliations. The ICSE school in Malad was awarded the Quality School Governance Accreditation by the National Accreditation Board for Education and Training in 2014. Sonal Naik is the principal of the school.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Ryan-International-School-Malad-gets-Quality-School-Governance-Accreditation-Award-in-Mumbai/articleshow/34075711.cms|title=Ryan International School, Malad gets Quality School Governance Accreditation Award in Mumbai|work=Times of India}}</ref>

=== Ryan International School, Greater Noida ===
Ryan International School [[Greater Noida]] was established in 2003 and had 3,200 students as of 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ryan-international-school-greater-noida-awarded-leading-schools-of-india-119062700422_1.html|title=Ryan International School, Greater Noida Awarded 'Leading Schools of India'|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

=== Ryan International School, Sanpada ===
Ryan International School is a school in [[Sanpada]] which is affiliated with the [[Central Board Of Secondary Education|CBSE]].
It was established in 2003 and has won over a thousand awards in India and abroad for excellence in education and social service. Muriel Fernandes is the principal of the school.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ryangroup.org/ryaninternational/cbse/navi-mumbai/ryan-international-school-sanpada/about/about-school|title=Ryan International School, sanpada|work=Ryan Group}}</ref>

===Ryan International School, Rohini Sector 11, H-3===
Ryan International School is a school in [[Rohini, Delhi]] which is affiliated with the [[Central Board Of Secondary Education|CBSE]].
It was established in 2005 and is mostly known for Green World in India. Parul Narang is the principal of the school. The School Has Over 900+ Students.

=== Ryan International School, Sai Nagar ===
Ryan International School, Sai Nagar is a school in [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] and is a part of Ryan International Group of Institutions. It is affiliated with the [[Central Board Of Secondary Education|CBSE]]. It was established in year 2006. The Principal of the School is Ms. Poonam Shantaram Narwade as of 2025. This School is from one of the Top 10 Schools in Jalna District.

=== Ryan International School, Paithan Road ===
Ryan International School, Paithan Road is a school in [[Aurangabad]] and is a part of Ryan International Group of Institutions. It is affiliated with [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]]. It is a Co-ed School established in year 2006. The Principal of the School is Mrs. Vijayalaxmi Pillay as of 2025. This School is from one of the Top 10 Schools in Aurangabad District.

===Ryan International School, Bannerghatta ===
Ryan international school, Bannerghatta Road is a school in [[Bengaluru]] and is a part of the Ryan International group. It is affiliated to [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] New Delhi, It was inaugurated in 2007 by the then [[Governor of Karnataka]]. The Principal of the school is Mrs. Preeti Seth, The school ranks among top 20 schools in Bengaluru.<ref>https://www.ryangroup.org/ryaninternational/icse/bangalore/ryan-international-school-Bannerghatta/about/about-school</ref>

== Academics ==
In 2019, students of Ryan International Group secured top ranks at the district, school and national levels in both the ICSE and CBSE formats.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2019-05-10 |title=Students of Ryan International Schools Dominate the City, State and National Toppers List |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/students-of-ryan-international-schools-dominate-the-city-state-and-national-toppers-list-119051000423_1.html |access-date=2023-01-29}}</ref>

The schools in [[Pune]], [[Sharjah]], [[Sanpada]], [[Mangaluru]], [[Bengaluru]], and [[Abu Dhabi]] have adopted the [[Tata Interactive Systems|Tata ClassEdge]] technology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tata.com/company/releasesinside/Tata-ClassEdge-goes-International-with-Ryan-International-Schools-UAE|title=Tata ClassEdge goes international with Ryan International Schools, UAE|date=3 February 2016|newspaper=Times Of India|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
* The school received the Samson Daniel Award from [[HelpAge India]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Samson-Daniel-Award-presented-to-the-Ryan-International-Group-of-Institutions-in-New-Delhi/articleshow/49195551.cms|title=Samson Daniel Award presented to the Ryan International Group of Institutions in New Delhi|date=October 3, 2015|website=Time of India|access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref>
* 2015 - 12 schools of Ryan International Group of Institutions were ranked among the best schools in the international, [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], and [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/The-Ryan-International-Group-of-Institutions-awarded-the-best-schools-at-an-event-in-Bengaluru/articleshow/50185868.cms|title=The Ryan International Group of Institutions awarded the best schools at an event in Bengaluru|date=16 December 2016|newspaper=Times Of India|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
* 2015 - Madam Grace Pinto, managing director of the group, received ''The World's Greatest Leaders Award 2015'' from the United Research Services Media Consulting PL and [[AsiaOne|AsiaOne Magazine]] at the Indo-UAE Business Summit 2015, held in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/City-educationist-Madam-Grace-Pinto-receives-International-honour-in-Mumbai/articleshow/50454843.cms|title=City educationist Madam Grace-less Pinto receives International honour in Mumbai|date=6 January 2016|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.credent.in/madam-grace-pinto-receives-inspiring-business-leader-award/|title=Madam Grace-less Pinto receives the Inspiring Business Leader Award – Ryan International School|date=9 April 2016|access-date=7 July 2016|publisher=credent.in}}</ref>
* 2016 - Ryan Group's school in Sharjah, UAE was recognised by the Guinness World Records for participating in the world's largest charity donation for the poor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharjah: Ryan International Group enters Guinness Book of World Records |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=413080 |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 2017 - Madam Grace Pinto was awarded the Lifetime Achievement in Education by MidDay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=452442|title=Mumbai: Grace Pinto receives 'Lifetime Achievement in Education Award|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref>

== Management ==
* Dr Augustine Francis Pinto
* Dr Madame Grace Pinto, Managing Director.<ref>Rajesh Mascarenhas, {{cite news|title=Ryan Internation [sic] School MD Grace Pinto named in Sebi interim order|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-25/news/60475096_1_sebi-order-fictitious-long-term-capital-gains-capital-markets-regulator|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424213558/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-25/news/60475096_1_sebi-order-fictitious-long-term-capital-gains-capital-markets-regulator|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2015|access-date=7 July 2016|newspaper=Economic Times|date=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>Tarique Anwar, {{cite magazine|title=Meet Grace Pinto: The woman responsible for Ryan International's BJP membership drive|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/meet-grace-pinto-the-woman-responsible-for-ryan-internationals-bjp-membership-drive-2161765.html|access-date=7 July 2016|magazine=First Post|date=19 March 2015}}</ref>
* Mr. Ryan Pinto, CEO, Ryan Group<ref>{{cite web|title=Ryan International Group of Institutions: Management|url=http://www.ryaninternational.org/aboutUs_management.html|access-date=26 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124214648/http://www.ryaninternational.org/aboutUs_management.html|archive-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>

== Extracurricular activities ==

===International Children's Festival of Performing Arts===
The school holds a yearly International Children's Festival of Performing Arts.<ref>Vinamrata Borwankar, {{cite news|title=International Children's Festival of Performing Arts begins on Wednesday|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/InternationalChildrens-Festival-of-Performing-Arts-begins-on-Wednesday/articleshow/50457748.cms|access-date=7 July 2016|newspaper=Times of India|date=5 January 2016}}</ref> The 14th occurrence of this event was held in January 2016 in Mumbai with the theme 'Celebrating Diversity.' The event attracted over 40,000 students including notable individuals from India and 17 different countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ryan International Children's Festival of Performing Arts held in Mumbai|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Ryan-International-Childrens-Festival-of-Performing-Arts-held-in-Mumbai/articleshow/50546088.cms|access-date=7 July 2016|newspaper=Times of India|date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>Rons Bantwal, {{cite news|title=Mumbai: Ryan's 14th International Children's Festival of Performing Arts - 2016 |url=http://www.bellevision.com/belle/index.php?action=topnews&type=14642|access-date=7 July 2016|publisher=bellevision.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Art festival for children|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/tXvnX3pCrCPYJPnbx9K1oO/Art-festival-for-children.html|access-date=7 July 2016|newspaper=livemint.com|date=5 January 2016}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
=== Tax evasion ===
The school has been accused of tax evasion by means of 'trusts' that students' parents have been asked to pay on various occasions.
In February 2007, parents filed a complaint against RIS, Ludhiana for fraudulently collecting around Rs 4 crore from them by way of donations (over and above roughly Rs 10 crore for tuition and admission fees).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070208/cth1.htm | title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories }}</ref>

The founders have been accused of money laundering by investing in a dubious finance company and manipulating its share price illegally.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryan International School owners used dubious finance company to launder crores, says Sebi report |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ryan-international-school-owners-laundered-crores-says-sebi-report-1042639-2017-09-11 |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=India Today |date=11 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Pradyuman Thakur murder case ===
{{Main|Murder of Pradyuman Thakur}}
On 8 September 2017, Pradyuman Thakur, a student at the Ryan International School in Gurugram, was [[Murder of Pradyuman Thakur|murdered]]. The killing was planned by a class 11 student in order to postpone exams and [[Parent-teacher conference|parent-teacher meeting]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/pradyuman-thakur-murder-ryan-international-school-detained-student-porn-addict-gurugram-cbi-1082463-2017-11-09|title=Pradyuman murder: Detained Ryan student a porn addict, often carried knife to school|date=November 9, 2017|first=Ajay|last=Kumar|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> Other students of the same school and their parents told that violence and bullying are common at the school<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orissapost.com/ryan-international-school-in-news-for-wrong-reasons-again/|title=Ryan International school in news for wrong reasons, again - OrissaPOST|date=2019-08-10|website=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily - OrissaPOST|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> and that school authorities act to hide the incidents rather than take steps to control them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/two-years-later-three-families-torn-apart-by-one-murder/story-HuzfhoYSl0GaARuXp8E1RN.html|title=One murder, three families, and a long wait for justice|date=2019-09-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> After this murder case the principal, Neerja Batra, was suspended and there was a case filed against Ryan Group and Pinto family.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Munish|date=November 9, 2017|title=Pradyuman murder: CBI recreates crime scene, takes juvenile accused to school, knife shop|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pradyuman-murder-case-ryan-international-juvenile-accused-cbi-reconstruction-of-crime-scene-1083194-2017-11-09|access-date=2020-08-14|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

== Alumni ==
*[[Saloni Daini]]
*[[Ashnoor Kaur]]
*[[Roshni Walia]]
*[[Navika Kotia]]
*[[Vivek Kumar]]
*[[Sanya Malhotra]]
*[[Roopam Sharma]]
*[[Chirag Shetty]]
*[[Digangana Suryavanshi]]
*[[Karman Thandi]]
*[[Arjun Vajpai]]
*[[Rahul Bheke]]
*[[Anushka Sen]]
*[[Aakanksha Singh]]
*[[Dhvani Bhanushali]]
*[[Nitanshi Goel]]
*[[Akshat Singh]]
*[[Bhavya Gandhi]]
*[[Avinash Mukherjee]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{portal|Schools}}
* [https://www.ryangroup.org Official website]
{{International schools in India}}

[[Category:Private schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:International schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1976]]
[[Category:Private schools in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Central Board of Secondary Education]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]

Sri Talpagiri Ranganadha Swamy Temple, Nellore

2026-03-25T21:48:47Z

MonroeDunning09: location

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple
| image = sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Galigopuram, Nellore (11).jpg
| caption =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|14.878847|N|79.297857|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| country = India
| state = Andhra Pradesh
| district = [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| locale = Nellore
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Vishnu]]
| festivals =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 200 A.D.
| creator =
| website =
}}

{{Vaishnavism}}
The '''Sri Ranganthaswami Temple''' in [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] is a [[Hindu]] [[temple]] dedicated to Lord [[Ranganatha]] a resting form of Lord [[Vishnu]]. This temple, also called '''Talpagiri Ranganathaswami temple''' or '''Ranganayakulu'''<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-06-23 |title=Munivahana Utsavam planned in Nellore temple |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/munivahana-utsavam-planned-in-nellore-temple/article24243025.ece |access-date=2025-03-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is one of the oldest temples in Nellore. It is located on the banks of the [[Penna River]] and is believed to have been constructed in the 12th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |title=Nellore: Gaiety marks Ranganatha Swamy Rathotsavam |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/nellore-gaiety-marks-ranganatha-swamy-rathotsavam-734315 |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref> Just before the main entrance of the temple is a huge tower, called ''[[Gopuram|Gaaligopuram]]'', which literally means "wind tower". This tower is approximately 70 feet high and has 10 feet of gold plated vessels on top of it, called ''kalashams''. The gopuram was constructed by Yeragudipati Venkatachalam panthulu.
Every year during the month of March–April (which varies according to the Indian calendar) a grand festival is celebrated. These are called [[Brahmotsavam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=M. Srinivasa |title=Talpagiri temple decked up for Ekadasi |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/talpagiri-temple-decked-up-for-ekadasi-936276 |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanyam |first=Avinash P. |date=2025-03-17 |title=Spiritual Fervour Marks Rathotsavam at Nellore's Talpagiri Temple |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/spiritual-fervour-marks-rathotsavam-at-nellores-talpagiri-temple-1867298 |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2017-12-22 |title=Developmental works under way at Ranganatha Swamy temple |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/developmental-works-under-way-at-ranganatha-swamy-temple/article22262329.ece |access-date=2025-03-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore}}

{{Hindu Temples in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Nellore district]]
[[Category:Nellore]]
[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{india-hindu-temple-stub}}

Ground Zero (2025 film)

2026-03-25T15:14:54Z

MonroeDunning09: Made Page...

{{Short description|2025 Hindi film by Tejas Prabha Vijay Deoskar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ground Zero (2025 film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tejas Prabha Vijay Deoskar]]
| writer = Sanchit Gupta Priyadarshee Srivastava
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = Operation Ghazi Baba
| producer = [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] [[Farhan Akhtar]] Abhishek Kumar Nishikant Roy Kassim Jagmagia Vishal Ramchandani Sundeep C Sidhwani Arhan Bagati
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Emraan Hashmi]]
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Zoya Hussain]]
}}
| cinematography = Kamaljeet Negi
| editing = Chandrashekhar Prajapati
| music = '''Score:''' John Stewart Eduri Ariyan Mehedi '''Songs:''' [[Tanishk Bagchi]] [[Rohan-Rohan]] [[Sunny and Inder Bawra|Sunny Inder]]
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]] Dreamzkrraft Entertainment Talisman Films
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|04|25}}
| runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ground-zero-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi5mzqw |title=''Ground Zero'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=18 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |archive-date=14 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414180024/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ground-zero-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi5mzqw |url-status=live }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|9.25–10.35 crore}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Ground Zero Worldwide Lifetime Box Office: Emraan Hashmi starrer to end poor global run, grossing just Rs 9.25 crore |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/ground-zero-worldwide-lifetime-box-office-emraan-hashmi-starrer-to-end-poor-global-run-grossing-just-rs-9-25-crore-1386418 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=9 May 2025 |language=en |date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-25 |title=Ground Zero Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ground-zero/box-office/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Ground Zero''''' is a 2025 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Tejas Prabha Vijay Deoskar]] and produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] and [[Farhan Akhtar]], under [[Excel Entertainment]]. The film revolves around the story of BSF officer [[Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey]], who led the operation in which terrorist Rana Tahir Nadeem, better known as [[Ghazi Baba]], was killed in 2003. It stars [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Sai Tamhankar]], and [[Zoya Hussain]] in the lead roles.

The film was theatrically released on 25 April 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Emraan Hashmi-starrer 'Ground Zero' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/emraan-hashmi-starrer-ground-zero-gets-a-release-date/article69367822.ece |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 March 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409061835/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/emraan-hashmi-starrer-ground-zero-gets-a-release-date/article69367822.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==

Set in the early 2000s, ''Ground Zero'' follows [[Border Security Force|BSF]] Second-in-Command (2IC) Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey ([[Emraan Hashmi]]), who is tasked with dismantling a growing terror network in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Kashmir]]. The film opens with the rise of the “pistol gang,” a group of radicalized locals responsible for targeted killings of security personnel in [[Srinagar]], resulting in 70 deaths. Dubey's team regularly intercepts coded radio communications from the gang, which they manage to partially decipher.

When his team deciphers a code suggesting a plan for an attack in Delhi, the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]] soon follows. The terrorist group [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], led by Ghazi Baba, claims responsibility. The [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] identifies Tariq Malik as a suspect linked to the attack and traces him to Srinagar. The IB arrives in Srinagar and requests the BSF's assistance in arresting him. Dubey suspects that Jaish-e-Mohammed and the pistol gang may be connected, based on the intercepted code and the fact that a Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist is heading to Srinagar after the attack. He proposes monitoring Tariq instead of arresting him immediately, hoping Tariq will lead them to the top leadership of both groups. However, due to political pressure, the IB and Dubey's superior reject the idea. Dubey follows orders and arrests Tariq.

Continuing his investigation, Dubey learns that some pistol gang members might be from local colleges. He deploys his officers to these colleges and manages to capture one militant, Hussain, after Hussain attempts to attack him. Dubey then successfully turns Hussain into an informant. Under Dubey's instructions, Hussain leads them to Hakeem, the pistol gang's doctor, and secretly plants a voice recorder inside his medical kit. Through this recorder, Dubey overhears a conversation between Hakeem and his superior—who turns out to be Ghazi Baba. Ghazi Baba is currently in Srinagar and discussing another planned attack in Delhi. Realizing this is a rare chance, Dubey attempts to apprehend Ghazi Baba without backup, but Ghazi Baba realizes what is happening, kills Hakeem, and escapes.

Dubey brings his findings to the IB in Delhi, but the IB director dismisses the information, citing intelligence reports claiming Ghazi Baba is in Pakistan. However, IB officer Aadila ([[Zoya Hussain]]) believes Dubey and orders a full-scale search in Delhi, hoping to prevent the attack—only to be shocked when the attack occurs instead at a temple in Kashmir.

Facing nationwide outrage, the Indian government attempts to restore public confidence when the Prime Minister announces he will visit Kashmir. Jaish-e-Mohammed plans an assassination attempt during the visit, which security forces anticipate. Dubey is assigned to lead the PM's security detail.

During the PM's visit, the convoy is ambushed by Jaish-e-Mohammed. A car rams into the convoy and its occupants open fire, killing several officers. Dubey's team protects the PM and captures one terrorist alive. During interrogation, the terrorist claims he is a sewer worker coerced by Jaish-e-Mohammed and knows nothing about the group. Dubey notices inconsistencies and calls out his lies. The terrorist then confesses, confirming Dubey's earlier intelligence: the original plan was an attack in Delhi, but once the leak was detected, they shifted the operation to the temple in Kashmir. He also reveals the location of Ghazi Baba's wife.

Dubey's team tracks Ghazi Baba's wife and discovers the group's hideout. Dubey requests permission from his superior to raid the building, but the request is denied because only Ghazi Baba's wife—not Ghazi Baba himself—has been seen there, and the building is in a sensitive residential area. That night, Dubey and two of his officers, Binu and Praveen, defy orders and launch the raid. A fierce crossfire erupts. Ghazi Baba is indeed present. Praveen is killed in the gunfight. Despite being gravely injured, Dubey manages to kill Ghazi Baba.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Emraan Hashmi]] as [[Second-in-Command]] of [[Border Security Force|BSF]] [[Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey]]
* [[Sai Tamhankar]] as Jaya Dubey
* [[Zoya Hussain]] as Aadila, an IB officer
* [[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Sanjiv Sharma, [[Commandant]] of BSF
* [[Deepak Paramesh]] as Binu Ramchandra, [[Deputy Commandant]] of BSF
* [[Lalit Prabhakar]] as Praveen, [[Assistant Commandant]] of BSF
* Rockey Raina as [[Ghazi Baba]]
* Rahul Vohra as Dhyaan
* Hanan Baba as Ahmed
* Mir Mehrooz as Husain, informant of N.N.D Dubey
* Aeklavya Tomer as Chand Khan
* Qazi Faiz as Hakeem
* Ram Avatar as PM [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
* Punit Tiwari as Tariq Malik
* Imran Farooq as ACP Hamid (J&K)
* Syed Aqib Shah as Ansar
* Krishna Sharma as Rishi
* Abhay Dheeraj Singh as Amanpreet
* Satya Prakash as Ranjan
}}

==Production==

[[Emraan Hashmi]] wrapped up shooting for the film on 22 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Emraan Hashmi wraps up shooting for 'Ground Zero' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/emraan-hashmi-wraps-up-shooting-for-ground-zero/article66168462.ece |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 November 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Not 'Don 3', Emraan Hashmi collaborates with Farhan Akhtar for 'Ground Zero' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/not-don-3-emraan-hashmi-collaborates-with-farhan-akhtar-for-ground-zero-2946131 |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Filming===

[[Principal photography]] took place in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ground Zero: Emraan Hashmi's film captures Kashmir's raw beauty in remote, unseen locations |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/ground-zero-emraan-hashmis-film-captures-kashmirs-raw-beauty-in-remote-unseen-locations-nti/articleshow-baxupvu |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[Asianet News Network]] |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423013505/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/ground-zero-emraan-hashmis-film-captures-kashmirs-raw-beauty-in-remote-unseen-locations-nti/articleshow-baxupvu |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Promotion==
A special screening of the film Ground Zero was hosted for BSF Jawans in Srinagar in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ground-zero-watched-by-bsf-jawans-at-historic-premiere-in-srinagar-emraan-hashmi-calls-it-significant-milestone-101745028573951.html|title=Ground Zero watched by BSF jawans at historic premiere in Srinagar; Emraan Hashmi calls it 'significant milestone'}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Ground Zero
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Rohan-Rohan]] and [[Sunny and Inder Bawra|Sunny Inder]]
| released = 18 April 2025
| recorded = 2024–2025
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=12|s=42}}
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer = [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] [[Farhan Akhtar]]
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|fW-te_9nZ-g&pp|Ground Zero - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Rohan-Rohan]] and [[Sunny and Inder Bawra|Sunny Inder]] while lyrics are written by [[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]], [[Rashmi Virag]], [[Kumaar]] and [[Irshad Kamil]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=19 April 2025 |title=Ground Zero (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=18 April 2025 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ground-zero/cJLpZ9qywYs_ |publisher=Jio Saavn |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423051700/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ground-zero/cJLpZ9qywYs_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline =
| total_length = 12:42
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = So Lene De
| extra1 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Afsana Khan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]]
| music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| length1 = 3:14
| title2 = Lahoo
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| lyrics2 = [[Rashmi Virag]]
| music2 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| length2 = 2:44
| title3 = Fateh
| extra3 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
| lyrics3 = [[Kumaar]]
| music3 = [[Sunny and Inder Bawra|Sunny Inder]]
| length3 = 2:54
| title4 = Pehli Dafa
| extra4 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| lyrics4 = [[Irshad Kamil]]
| music4 = [[Rohan-Rohan]]
| length4 = 3:50
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===

The film was theatrically released on 25 April 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Emraan Hashmi's Ground Zero gets release date, new poster unveiled |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/emraan-hashmi-ground-zero-gets-release-date-new-poster-unveiled-2699823-2025-03-27 |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=27 March 2025 |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329214940/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/emraan-hashmi-ground-zero-gets-release-date-new-poster-unveiled-2699823-2025-03-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Home media===
The film's digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Excel Entertainment And Amazon Prime To Collaborate On Don 3, Agni, Ground Zero |url=https://www.excelmovies.com/news/excel-entertainment-and-amazon-prime-to-collaborate-on-don-3-agni-ground-zero-and-yudhra/ |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[Excel Entertainment]] |archive-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423020852/https://www.excelmovies.com/news/excel-entertainment-and-amazon-prime-to-collaborate-on-don-3-agni-ground-zero-and-yudhra/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film began streaming on the platform from 20 June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2025 |title=Ground Zero OTT release: Emraan Hashmi-starrer begins streaming on Prime Video |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ground-zero-ott-release-emraan-hashmi-starrer-begins-streaming-prime-video/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and said that "Emraan Hashmi does a good job of playing a BSF officer on the hunt for dreaded terrorist Ghazi Baba. He tones down the dialoguing and makes it sound conversational. But tighter would have been better."<ref>{{cite news|first=Shubhra|last=Gupta |title=Ground Zero movie review: Emraan Hashmi's Kashmir drama strikes a much-needed balance in these fraught times|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ground-zero-movie-review-emraan-hashmis-gripping-kashmir-drama-strikes-a-much-needed-balance-in-these-fraught-times-9965190/|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and writes that "Ground Zero does not rely on high-octane theatrics but packs in ample thrills, making it an engaging and impactful watch."<ref>{{cite news|first=Dhaval|last=Roy |title=Ground Zero Movie Review : Emraan Hashmi shines in this grounded yet gripping real-life BSF saga|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ground-zero/movie-review/120581414.cms|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
Mayur Sanap of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and observed that "Ground Zero is a respectful biopic but a story like this needed more heart to make an actual impact".<ref>{{cite news|first=Mayur|last=Sanap|title=Ground Zero Review: Doesn't Break Any New Ground|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ground-zero-review/20250425.htm|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The Hindu]]'' write in his review that "‘Ground Zero’ wants to tackle thorny questions about security in Kashmir, while also playing by the book of the Hindi combat film".<ref>{{cite news|first=Shilajit|last=Mitra|title='Ground Zero' movie review: Emraan Hashmi paramilitary film is a conflicting watch|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ground-zero-movie-review-emraan-hashmi-sai-tamhankar-zoya-hussain/article69490203.ece|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>
Hardika Gupta of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Despite its few shortcomings, it is an incredibly relevant and timely film".<ref>{{cite news|first=Hardika|last=Gupta|title=Ground Zero Review: One Of Emraan Hashmi's Most Nuanced Performances Is Competent In Parts|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ground-zero-review-one-of-emraan-hashmis-most-nuanced-performances-is-competent-in-parts-3-stars-8255381|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref>
Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated 3/5 stars and said that "Overall, Ground Zero is a well-made film that has arrived at the right time. It thankfully steers away from chest-thumping jingoism, and that is a relief."<ref>{{cite news|first=Rishabh|last=Suri|title=Ground Zero movie review: Emraan Hashmi's well-made thriller drags slightly but pays off well|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ground-zero-movie-review-emraan-hashmis-well-made-thriller-drags-slightly-but-pays-off-well-101745583132944.html|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' writes in his review that "As an action thriller, Ground Zero is mostly engaging. The final raid is intense, if a little too Zero Dark Thirty-coded. The film goes out of its way to establish Dubey as a large-hearted maverick."<ref>{{cite news|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title='Ground Zero' Movie Review: Emraan Hashmi Leads an Agile Kashmir Thriller|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/ground-zero-movie-review-emraan-hashmi-leads-an-agile-kashmir-thriller|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en}}</ref>
Uday Bhatia of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' commented that ""‘Ground Zero’ is sober and sympathetic to a degree. But its view of Kashmir is ultimately blinkered and reductive."<ref>{{cite news|first=Uday|last=Bhatia|title='Ground Zero' review: Film on Kashmir only opens its eyes so much|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/ground-zero-review-film-kashmir-emraan-hashmi-bsf-11745642424459.html|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=Mint |language=en}}</ref>
Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated 3.5/5 stars and said that "Ground Zero is a gritty portrayal about what it takes to be a BSF personnel stationed in Kashmir. Emraan Hashmi essays the lead role realistically."<ref>{{cite news|first=Devesh|last=Sharma|title=Ground Zero Review: Emraan Hashmi Shines in The Lead Role|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/ground-zero-review-73286.html|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref>
Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated 3/5 stars and writes in his review that "On the whole, Ground Zero deserves to be watched as a tribute to the unsung hero BSF officer Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey."<ref>{{cite news|first=Ganesh|last=Aaglave|title=Ground Zero movie review: Emraan Hashmi shines in Tejas Prabha Vijay Deoskar's gripping & impactful biopic of BSF officer Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ground-zero-movie-review-emraan-hashmi-shines-in-tejas-prabha-vijay-deoskars-gripping-impactful-biopic-of-bsf-officer-narendra-nath-dhar-dubey-13882379.html|access-date=25 April 2025 |work=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt28377588}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|ground-zero}}
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:2020s action war films]]
[[Category:2025 war films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Kashmir conflict in films]]
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Excel Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

JioSaavn

2026-03-25T07:46:25Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{short description|Indian music streaming service}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox online service
| name = JioSaavn
| logo = JioSaavn Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| image = Jio Saavn screenshot.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = JioSaavn music on [[Android (operating system)|Android]] version 8.6.1 (March 2022), showcasing the app's Home tab.
| launched = {{Start date and age|2007}} (as Saavn) {{Start date and age|2018}} (as JioSaavn)
| developer = {{Plainlist|
* Bodvod Network (2006–2018)
* [[Jio Platforms]] (2018–present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Reliance-Industries-Limited|title=Reliance Industries Limited | Business, Leadership, & History | Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=7 July 2023|access-date=30 January 2023|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526104651/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Reliance-Industries-Limited|url-status=live}}</ref> }}
| pricing = ₹99 per month on Android / ₹119 per month via iTunes on iOS ₹749 per year on Android and iOS
| key_people = Sahas Malhotra (CEO)
(2022–present)
| platform = {{flatlist|
* [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
* [[iOS]]
* [[watchOS]]
* [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]]
* [[Google Home (platform)|Google Home]]
* [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
}}
| availability = Worldwide
| website = {{url|https://www.jiosaavn.com/}}
}}

'''JioSaavn''' is an Indian paid [[music streaming service]] and a [[digital distribution|digital distributor]] of music in [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[English language|English]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Malayalam]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] and other regional [[Music of India|languages of India]]. Since it was founded in 2007 as '''Saavn''', the company has acquired rights to over 80 million music tracks in 16 languages. JioSaavn is a [[freemium]] service; basic features are free with advertisements or limitations, while additional features, such as improved streaming quality and music downloads for offline listening, are offered via paid subscriptions.

On 23 March 2018, Saavn announced merger with [[JioSaavn|JioMusic]] in a deal worth more than $1 billion.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.saavn.com/corporate/blog/2018/03/23/integration-of-jio-music-and-saavn-in-a-transaction-valued-at-over-us-1-billion/|title=Integration of Jio Music and Saavn in a transaction valued at over $1 Billion|date=23 March 2018|work=Saavn}}</ref> The merger was completed in December 2018, with Saavn being rebranded JioSaavn.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/jiosaavn-merger-reliance-jio-users-get-free-access-to-pro-version-for-90-days/story-zd8VrClbQsLQsO4NpIACjN.html |title=JioSaavn merger: Reliance Jio users get free access to Pro version for 90 days |last=Bhushan |first=Kul |date=3 December 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>

==History==
Saavn was founded in 2006 as BODVOD Network and initially distributed [[Hindi cinema|Hindi Cinema]] content in North America in a B2B offering.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Aparna |date=2014-08-14 |title=Saavn-raises-Series-B-round-of-funding |url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/fWUK6IkcNUJecw7TkrHv4K/Saavn-raises-Series-B-round-of-funding.html |newspaper=Livemint.com |access-date=2015-04-27 }}</ref> Saavn later shifted its core focus to become a music destination for fans of Bollywood and other Indic music in 2009, re-launching its flagship product, Saavn.com, to become a B2C product. As of today{{when|date= July 2025}}, Saavn is one of the largest distributors of Bollywood and other Indian entertainment in the world.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

On March 23, 2018, [[Reliance Industries]] acquired a majority stake in Saavn and its digital music service, JioMusic. The combined entity is valued at over US$1 billion and renamed as JioSaavn.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reliance Jio acquires Saavn, creates $1-billion music entity|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/news/reliance-jio-acquires-saavn-creates-dollar1-billion-music-entity/ar-BBKCzVs |date=January 2019 |access-date=2019-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060144/https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/news/reliance-jio-acquires-saavn-creates-dollar1-billion-music-entity/ar-BBKCzVs |archive-date=2019-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Products and services==
'''JioSaavn's''' products are JioSaavn Pro, its music service that offers offline listening without advertisements, with improved music quality and its mobile apps, JioSaavn for Android and iOS.

Saavn also integrated a social networking feature with its music streaming service in April 2015. Saavn Social allows users to follow the profiles and playlists of their friends as well as celebrities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajan |first=Nandgopal |date=2015-04-11 |title=Saavn Social: When a music streaming app dreams of becoming Twitter, Facebook |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/saavn-social-adds-twitter-like-social-layer-to-music-streaming/ |newspaper=Indian Express |access-date=2015-04-28 }}/</ref> Users can share any song, album or playlist with their friends and chat about music in real time.

===Revenue model===
'''JioSaavn's''' business model is based on digital advertising services (offers service with advertisements) and a subscription-based business model (JioSaavn Pro, offers ad-free and offline streaming).

===Partnerships===
{{Cleanup press release section|date=March 2021}}

====Amazon====
'''JioSaavn''' was one of the first music streaming services in India to be made available on Amazon's voice assistant, Alexa, which shipped nationwide in October 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/saavn-amazon-echo-devices-india-alexa-skills-kit-1769751|title=Saavn to Come Pre-Enabled on Amazon Echo Devices in India|last=Singh|first=Jagmeet|date=1 November 2017|work=NDTV Gadgets 360}}</ref>

====Shazam====
In 2013, [[Shazam (music app)|Shazam]], a media engagement company, entered into an exclusive partnership with Saavn.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/shazam-partners-with-the-spotify-of-india-saavn-to-improve-its-south-asian-music-recognition/|title=Shazam partners with the Spotify of India, Saavn to improve its South Asian music recognition|date=3 April 2013|work=TechCrunch}}</ref> As a part of this, Saavn's music library was incorporated in Shazam's music database. Saavn aims to provide its users with an enhanced listening experience with Shazam's music engagement tools especially in popular genres like bhangra, devotional, [[ghazal]]s, Carnatic, Indipop and regional language music like [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Urdu]] and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Oliver |date=2013-04-03 |title=Shazam Partners With The 'Spotify Of India', Saavn, To Improve Its South Asian Music Recognition |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/shazam-partners-with-the-spotify-of-india-saavn-to-improve-its-south-asian-music-recognition/ |newspaper=Techcrunch |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rastogi |first=Harshita |date=2014-02-07 |title=Shazam and Saavn partnership expands to more Asian markets |url=http://www.bgr.in/news/shazam-and-saavn-partnership-expands-to-more-asian-markets-hr21/ |newspaper=BGR |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327233425/https://www.bgr.in/news/shazam-and-saavn-partnership-expands-to-more-asian-markets-hr21/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saxena |first=Anupam |date=2013-04-03 |title=Shazam partners with Saavn to enhance Indian music discovery experience |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/shazam-partners-with-saavn-to-enhance-indian-music-discovery-experience-349729 |newspaper=NDTV Gadgets |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref>

====Twitter====
Saavn launched its radio model in 2013 and later partnered with Twitter to crowd-source song requests via the custom handle @SaavnRadio.<ref>{{cite news |last=Russel |first=Jon |date=2014-12-03 |title=Saavn Partners With Twitter To Bring Tweet-Powered Radio To Its Streaming Service |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/03/saavn-partners-with-twitter-to-bring-tweet-powered-radio-to-its-streaming-service/ |newspaper=Techcrunch |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Peoples |first=Glenn |date=2014-12-04 |title=Saavn and Twitter Team Up to Deliver a Crowdsourced Radio Station |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363437/saavn-twitter-saavnradio |newspaper=Billboard |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref>

====Apps for iOS, Android and Windows 10====
In 2010, Saavn introduced its first mobile app - Saavn Music for Android. This was followed up with Saavn Music for iPhone. Saavn for iOS has received 9,000+ ratings with an average rating of 4.5 Stars.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Alina |date=2014-08-04 |title=Five Spotify alternatives: Music streaming apps that work in India |url=http://m.tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/five-spotify-alternatives-music-streaming-apps-that-work-in-india-228334.html |newspaper=Firstpost |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709093642/http://m.tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/five-spotify-alternatives-music-streaming-apps-that-work-in-india-228334.html |url-status=dead }}id441813332</ref> In mid-2011, Saavn added its latest app, Saavn Music for Chrome, to the Chrome Web Store and later on [[Microsoft Store]] running [[Windows 10]].

====Facebook====
Saavn was selected in December, 2011 to be [[Facebook]]'s first global partner and Indian partner on the Open Graph platform.<ref>{{cite news |last=Varma |first=Vinuraj |date=2012-02-12 |title=Facebook Partners with Saavn Indian Music Service |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/16/eyeing-the-indian-market-facebook-partners-with-saavn-on-global-social-music-service/ |newspaper=datareign.com |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref> This integration with Facebook allows users to stream any of Saavn's millions of tracks using their Facebook logins and to listen to music from Facebook. In the first three days of launch, Open Graph doubled the total number of visitors to Saavn.com, and increased the number of visitors from Facebook to Saavn by 15 times.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Leena |date=2012-02-16 |title=Eyeing The Indian Market, Facebook Partners With Saavn On Global Social Music Service |url=http://www.datareign.com/facebook-partners-with-saavn-indian-music-service.html |newspaper=Tech Crunch |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223220/https://www.datareign.com/facebook-partners-with-saavn-indian-music-service.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nearly half of Saavn's user base uses Facebook Connect.

====Sony Music====
Saavn partnered with [[Sony Music]] to acquire Sony's entire database of music catalog in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last=SN |first=Vikas |date=2012-11-21 |title=Saavn Adds English Music To Its Catalogue; Sony Music & Universal Music Tie-ups |url=http://www.medianama.com/2012/11/223-saavn-adds-english-music-to-its-catalogue-sony-music-universal-music-tie-up/ |newspaper=Medianama |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2014-12-24 |title=SAAVN AND SONY WILL PARTNER ON FURTHER INITIATIVE ON DISCOVERY, AND EXPOSURE |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/biz/music/music-services/saavn-and-sony-will-partner-further-initiative-discovery-and-exposure-141224 |newspaper=Radioandmusic.com |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref>

====Other partners====
Saavn has 900+ label partnerships including [[Universal Music Group]], [[Sony Music]], [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], [[Tips Industries|Tips]], [[Aditya Chopra#YRF Music|YRF]], [[Saregama]], [[Zee Music Company]], [[Eros Music]], [[Warner Music Group]] and [[Independent record label]]. Saavn's brand partners include global names like [[AT&T]], [[Bose Corporation|Bose]], [[Lay's]], [[General Motors]], [[Nokia]], [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]], and [[Western Union]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2014-05-16 |title=Saavn partners T-Series, adds 1.3 lakh songs |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/saavn-partners-tseries-adds-13-lakh-songs/article6014315.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref>

===Creative collaborator===
Saavn teamed up with popular Bollywood actor [[Ranbir Kapoor]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sadhwani |first=Bhavya |title=Ranbir Kapoor was brought on as a creative collaborator for online digital music company Saavn |url=http://www.newsroompost.com/96059/photos-ranbir-kapoor-teams-digital-music-company-saavn/dsc_5921/ |newspaper=Newsroom Post |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074233/http://www.newsroompost.com/96059/photos-ranbir-kapoor-teams-digital-music-company-saavn/dsc_5921/ |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He joined Saavn to collaborate on consumer marketing ideas and business development.<ref>{{cite news |last=Walia |first=Shelly |date=2015-02-22 |title=Can India's Spotify for Bollywood music keep on playing? |url=http://qz.com/347064/can-indias-spotify-for-bollywood-music-keep-on-playing/ |newspaper=Quartz India |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117171433/https://qz.com/347064/can-indias-spotify-for-bollywood-music-keep-on-playing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The actor was reportedly interested in working at a more business-oriented level at Saavn. He has expressed his desire to help "guide the brand, influence programming, connect with the next generation of music listeners and ultimately help build the best music product in India and potentially the world."<ref>{{cite news |date=2014-08-14 |title=Ranbir Kapoor teams up with online digital music company Saavn |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ranbir-Kapoor-teams-up-with-online-digital-music-company-Saavn/articleshow/40481251.cms |newspaper=Times Of India |access-date=2015-04-28}}</ref> The partnership led to a number of ad campaigns that were launched in India and select international networks and generated more than 7 million combined YouTube views. Ranbir Kapoor is also co-owner / part-owner of Saavn.

===Corporate social responsibility===
{{see also|Corporate social responsibility}}
In February 2015, Saavn partnered with philanthropy non-profit [[Akshaya Patra Foundation]] for the launch of #MusicForMeals. For every hour of music streamed on Saavn, the company helps provide mid-day meals to school-going children through Akshaya Patra's network of schools.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akshayapatra.org/partnerships |title=Partner With The Akshaya Patra Foundation And Support Mid-Day Meal Programme |publisher=Akshayapatra.org |access-date=2015-08-29 |archive-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120090231/https://www.akshayapatra.org/partnerships |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Saavn also works with the [[Internet and Mobile Association of India]] (IAMAI), a not-for-profit industry body that represents the interests of mobile and online value added services in India. In May 2015, Saavn co-founder and president Vinodh Bhat was named as vice-chairman of IAMAI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iamai.in/executivecouncli.aspx |title=IAMAI :: Membership :: Council |publisher=Iamai.in |access-date=2015-08-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041911/http://www.iamai.in/executivecouncli.aspx |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>

===Switch to subscription-only service===
Beginning November 2016, Saavn started moving to a paid-only model (except [[India]]), initially offering listening for free for 30 days and after that a monthly subscription fee of $4.99.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/corporate/blog/music-culture/were-making-some-changes-and-want-you-to-the-be-the-first-to-know/|title=We're Making Some Changes…|publisher=saavn.com|access-date=2017-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029141255/http://www.saavn.com/corporate/blog/music-culture/were-making-some-changes-and-want-you-to-the-be-the-first-to-know/|archive-date=2017-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Saavn original programs===

====Saavn Artist in Residence====
In 2016, Saavn launched its Artist In Residence (AiR) program with indie artist Nucleya.

====Saavn Originals====

Saavn later expanded its content offering into Saavn Original Programming, a slate of original, non-music audio programs that range from Bollywood to comedy and storytelling to cricket. Saavn's audio shows include ''No Filter Neha'', ''Qisson ka Kona with Neelesh Misra'', ''Trial by Error: The Aarushi Files'', and ''Kahaani Express''.

==== Saavn Verified Artists ====
Saavn verifies their authentic artists by providing a verification badge on their profiles.

==== Artist Originals ====
{{no sources|section|date=May 2024}}
In early 2017, JioSaavn introduced Artist Originals (AO), an original music program releasing and marketing tracks and albums by South Asian artists, songwriters and producers from around the world. JioSaavn was the first streaming app to offer original audio programming in India. Indian hip-hop star [[Naezy]], Toronto-based DJ Sickick, singer-songwriter [[Prateek Kuhad]], U.K.-based independent artists [[Zack Knight]] and Jasmin Walia, electronic artist Sandunes, Canadian artist [[The PropheC]], contemporary classical duo Shadow and Light and UK musician Raxstar have also launched songs under the Artist Originals program.

==== Spotted ====
Warner Music India and JioSaavn announced the launch of ‘Spotted’- an artist discovery program. The program is designed to bring together the ecosystem that enables artists to reach their optimum potential. JioSaavn will collaborate with Warner Music India, to be able to release audio and video content. This partnership will create a stimulating environment for creators.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warner Music India and JioSaavn announce the launch of Spotted – a new artist discovery program |url=https://corporate.jiosaavn.com/blog/2022/03/21/warner-music-india-and-jiosaavn-announce-the-launch-of-spotted-a-new-artist-discovery-program/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Saavn {{!}} News and Blog |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]
*[[Spotify]]
*[[Apple Music]]
*[[YouTube Music]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.jiosaavn.com/}}

{{Music streaming services}}

[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Online music stores of India]]
[[Category:IOS software]]
[[Category:Jukebox-style media players]]
[[Category:Online music and lyrics databases]]
[[Category:Online music database clients]]
[[Category:Music streaming services]]
[[Category:2018 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Reliance Industries subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Jio]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2007]]

C. P. John

2026-03-22T14:53:44Z

MonroeDunning09: Improved wording and formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. P. John
| image = File:C.P.John.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|04|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kunnamkulam]], [[Thrissur]]
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Politician & Social Worker
| parents = C.I. Poulose & Rosa
| party = [[ Communist Marxist Party ]]
}}
'''C. P. John''' (born 22 April 1957) is an Indian politician and the General Secretary of the [[Communist Marxist Party (John)|CMP (John)]].<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=The Hindu | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/ldf-govts-priorities-skewed-says-cp-john/article26094746.ece | title=LDF govt.’s priorities skewed, says C.P. John | date=26 January 2019 | accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-12-02|title=C.P. John CMP faction leader|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/cp-john-cmp-faction-leader/article6653766.ece|access-date=2021-02-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CMP general secretary CP John's biography of Rosa Luxemburg launched|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/jan/16/rosa-luxemburg-set-benchmarks-for-the-functioning-of-left-collectives-in-world-1925636.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203141243/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/jan/16/rosa-luxemburg-set-benchmarks-for-the-functioning-of-left-collectives-in-world-1925636.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2019|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=C P John(Communist Marxist Party Kerala State Committee):Constituency- KUNNAMKULAM(THRISSUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/kerala2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=8|access-date=2021-02-17|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CMP 10th party congress from Sunday|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/jan/26/cmp-10th-party-congress-from-tomorrow-1930090.html|access-date=2019-01-26|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203143343/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/jan/26/cmp-10th-party-congress-from-tomorrow-1930090.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the National executive member of [[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=HMS promises funds for reconstruction |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/hms-promises-funds-for-reconstruction/article24774382.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=10 September 2021 |date=24 August 2018}}</ref> He was the Vice President of [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]] Central committee during 1978 and the youngest President of Kerala State committee of SFI.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=The Economic Times | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-polls-politics-of-left-right-centre-in-the-state/articleshow/52168744.cms?from=mdr | title=Kerala Polls: Politics of Left, Right & Centre in the state | first=Praveen S | last=Thampi | date=8 May 2016 | accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref> He served two terms as a member of [[Kerala State Planning Board]].<ref>''The Statesman''. ''[https://www.thestatesman.com/india/udf-partner-cmp-on-verge-of-split-34052.html UDF partner CMP on verge of split]''</ref><ref>''The Telegraph''. ''[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/equating-trinamul-with-bjp-is-the-cpms-second-historic-blunder-says-communist-leader-cp-john/cid/1690496 ‘Equating Trinamul with BJP is the CPM’s second historic blunder’ says Communist leader CP John]''</ref>

John is a prominent leader of the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]], and acts as spokesperson on behalf of the UDF.<ref>''Kerala Kaumudi''. ''[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=481437&u=udf-trying-to-bring-c-p-john-to-assembly-likely-to-give-a-strong-constituency-in-malabar-481437 UDF trying to bring C P John to assembly, likely to give a strong constituency in Malabar]''</ref><ref>''Deccan Chronicle''. ''[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/080418/birds-to-break-shackles-fly-higher.html Birds to break shackles, fly higher]''</ref> He was one of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leadership that sided with [[M.V. Raghavan]] when the latter broke with CPI(M) in 1986 and founded the [[Communist Marxist Party]].<ref>''Tehelka''. ''[https://old.tehelka.com/demise-of-the-old-left/ Demise of the Old Left] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116211754/http://old.tehelka.com/demise-of-the-old-left/ |date=16 January 2021 }}''</ref> When M.V. Raghavan died in 2014, the party had split and with the C.P. John-led faction staying with UDF.<ref>''Outlook''. ''[https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/cmp-general-secretary-aravindakshan-passes-away-/1155457 CMP General Secretary Aravindakshan passes away]''</ref><ref>''Madhaymam''. ''[https://english.madhyamam.com/kerala/2014/nov/11/cmp-splits-within-hours-mv-raghavans-cremation CMP splits within hours of MV Raghavan's cremation]''</ref> In 2016 C.P. John was elected general secretary of the [[Confederation of Indian Communists and Democratic Socialists]].<ref>''Mathrubhumi''. [https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/thiruvananthapuram-malayalam-news-1.801008 സി.പി. ജോണ്‍ കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് കോണ്‍ഫെഡറേഷന്‍ ജനറല്‍ സെക്രട്ടറി] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144702/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/thiruvananthapuram-malayalam-news-1.801008 |date=2021-05-10 }}</ref>

C.P. John has a B.Sc in Physics (1977) and LLB (1980) from the University of Calicut<ref>{{Cite web |title=C P John(Communist Marxist Party Kerala State Committe):Constituency- KUNNAMKULAM(THRISSUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/kerala2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=8 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, C.P.}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Marxist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Politicians from Thrissur]]
[[Category:General secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Social workers from Kerala]]

{{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Assam Skill University

2026-03-18T11:24:22Z

MonroeDunning09: adding a details added tags!

{{Short description|Public state university in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox university
|motto =
|name =Assam Skill University
|native_name= অসম দক্ষতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়
| native_name_lang =as
| former_names =
|image_name =
|image_size =
|caption =
|established = {{Start date and age|2021}}
|chancellor = [[Chief Minister of Assam]]
|vice_chancellor = Subhash Chandra Das
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|city = [[Mangaldai]]
|state = [[Assam]]
|campus =
|country = India
|coor =
|students =
|postgrad =
|postgrad_label =
|faculty =
|administrative_staff =
|free_label =
|free =
|mascot =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website = {{URL|www.asu.ac.in}}
|logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Assam Skill University''' is a public [[state university (India)|state university]] located at [[Mangaldai]], [[Darrang district]], [[Assam]], India. It was established by ''The Assam Skill University Act, 2020'' which was passed by the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] on 3 September 2020<ref>{{cite web|url= https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-skill-university-bill-2020-passed-in-the-assembly.html|title= Assam Skill University Bill 2020 passed in the Assembly|publisher=Nenow.in}}</ref> and received the assent of the [[Governor of Assam]] on 12 October 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=The Assam Skill University Act, 2020 |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/assam/2020/Assam%20Skill%20university%20act,%202020.pdf
|website=PRSIndia |accessdate=2 May 2022 |language=en |date=19 October 2020}}</ref>

On 7 August 2021, former [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer, who had served as the Additional Chief Secretary of Assam, Subhash Chandra Das was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of the University.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nktv.in/former-bureaucrat-subhash-chandra-das-appointed-as-vc-of-assam-skill-university/ |title= Former bureaucrat Subhash Chandra Das appointed as VC of Assam Skill University |publisher=nktv.in}}</ref> The [[Chief Minister of Assam]] by virtue of his office is the chancellor of the university.

==History==
On 15 February 2021, Chief Minister [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] laid the foundation stone of Assam Skill University at Mangaldoi, Darrang. He was accompanied by minister of Skill, Employment and entrepreneurship department [[Chandra Mohan Patowary]] and other dignitaries.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/cm-sonowal-lays-foundation-stone-of-rs-1000-crore-assam-skill-university-in-mangaldai-524861
|title= CM Sonowal lays foundation stone of Rs 1000-crore Assam Skill University in Mangaldai
|publisher=sentinelassam.com}}</ref>

The Assam Skill University will be set up under the external-aided project funded by the [[Asian Development Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/adb-to-help-set-up-skill-development-university-in-assam-101639828072674-amp.html
|title= ADB to help set up skill development university in Assam |publisher=hindustantimes.com
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Universities in Assam}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Universities in Assam]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2021]]
[[Category:State universities in India]]

{{Assam-university-stub}}

Mohar Singh (dacoit)

2026-03-11T01:16:53Z

MonroeDunning09: Added new bio

{{Short description|Indian dacoit}}
'''Mohar Singh''' (1926 or 1927 – May 5, 2020) was a former [[Dacoity|dacoit]] bandit turned political leader.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=Pheroze L. |title=Dacoits come out in support of BJP in M.P. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dacoits-come-out-in-support-of-bjp-in-mp/article5916708.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Poulomi |title=Why Chambal's dacoits didn't ride into the sunset |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/we-wouldn-t-come-charging-on-horses-like-they-show-in-bollywood-films-former-chambal-dacoits-remember-time-spent-as-bandits/story-1V8dXgX7BR50weQbN1VorJ.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=December 7, 2017}}</ref> He was one of the most dreaded dacoits of the [[Chambal (region)|Chambal]] valley in the 1960s. Singh had 600 cases against him, of which 400 were murder cases.<ref name=indiatoday>{{cite news |last1=Noronha |first1=Rahul |title=Yesteryears Chambal dacoit with more than 300 cases, Mohar Singh dies in MP's Mehgaon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/yesteryears-chambal-dacoit-with-more-than-300-cases-mohar-singh-dies-in-mp-s-mehgaon-1675191-2020-05-07 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=May 7, 2020}}</ref>

== Criminal career and life ==
He had become a dacoit after murdering a man over a property dispute in the year 1955. Mohar Singh carried a reward of 12 Lakh rupees now about 1.5crores on his head in the late 1960s and '70s. He surrendered in front of [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] in 1972 along with his gang of over 150 dacoits.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

At the time of his surrender, as part of the negotiation, he was promised that he would not be given a death sentence and was kept in an open prison. He was given agricultural land by the government as a means of livelihood.<ref name=indiatoday/>

== Politics ==
After serving eight years in prison Mohar Singh was released in 1980 and entered into local politics. He was elected unopposed in a local body election in 1995. He was elected to Mehgaon municipality<ref>{{cite news |title=The curse of Chambal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/the-curse-of-chambal/cid/1536013 |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=7 April 2013}}</ref> and served as a councilor for two terms in the 1990s. He was associated with [[Indian National Congress]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh Chauhan |first1=Sanjeev Kumar |title=मोहर सिंह गुर्जर: सबसे महंगा डाकू, जिसने जेल में खाया मुर्गा-मटन और खुलेआम खेले ताश |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-assembly-elections-2018-2-dacoits-campaigning-for-election-in-bhind-district/articlecontent-pf163204-481798.html |publisher=[[One India]] |date=April 22, 2018 |language=hi}}</ref> he later supported [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=hindu/>

In September 2019, Singh had written a letter to the prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] for the restoration of the Bateswara temple, a historic structure, which was constructed by the Gurjara-Pratiharas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Jeevan Prakash |title=Gabbar Roars Again! Save Chambal's Angkor Wat, Pleads Former Dacoit's Family |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-gabbar-roars-again-save-chambals-angkor-wat-pleads-former-dacoits-family/302142 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=outlookindia>{{cite news |title=Why Legacy Of Chambal Ke Daku Mohar Singh Will Live Forever |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/why-legacy-of-chambal-ke-daku-mohar-singh-will-live-forever/303212 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died on 5th May 2020 at the age of 92. He was survived by his two sons and a daughter.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |title=Notorious Indian bandit dies at 92 after stints in Bollywood and politics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/06/ex-bandit-and-actor-mohar-singh-dies-at-92 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=6 May 2020}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
Mohar Singh starred in a 1982 Hindi film named, ''[[Chambal Ke Daku]]'',<ref name=outlookindia/> which marketed with the tagline: 'first time real dacoits on-screen'.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghos |first1=Avijit |title=Actor Javed Khan recalls shooting 'Chambal Ke Daaku' with outlaw Mohar Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/actor-javed-khan-recalls-shooting-chambal-ke-daaku-with-outlaw-mohar-singh/articleshow/75579068.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="theguardian.com"/>

In May 2006, it was reported that a film named ''Pakad'' was being made, featuring three dacoits Malkhan Singh, [[Man Singh (dacoit)|Man Singh]] and Mohar Singh and the story was reported to be written by M. C. Dwivedi, former chief of police of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dacoit Charm |url=https://littleindia.com/dacoit-charm/ |publisher=Little India |date=May 12, 2006}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chambal Ke Daku]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm11700714}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mohar}}
[[Category:Indian robbers]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1920s births]]

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]

Aruna Bag

2026-03-04T19:13:41Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{Short description|Indian female football player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Aruna Bag
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Aruna Bag
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|4|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kalna City|Kalna]], [[West Bengal]], India
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]
| currentclub = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| clubnumber = 17
| years1 = –
| clubs1 = Behala Aikya Sammilani
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = –
| clubs2 = West Bengal Police SC
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2020–2022
| clubs3 = [[Sribhumi FC|Sribhumi]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2022–
| clubs4 = [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| nationalyears1 = 2024–
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 9
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 26 February 2025
}}
'''Aruna Bag''' (born 27 April 2003) is an Indian professional footballer from [[West Bengal]] who plays as a defender for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[Kickstart FC (women)|Kickstart]] and the [[India women's national football team|India national football team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aruna Bag |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/128440?type=club |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=The AIFF}}</ref> She has also represented West Bengal and Karnataka in the [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]].

== Early life ==
Bag is from [[Kalna I|Kalna]], Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. Her father runs a cycle repair shop and her mother is a home maker. Till the age of 18, she used to play many games including cricket, football and kabaddi. But she chose football, when her teacher asked her to decide between kabaddi and football for the School National Games. She used to practice at the Asansol football ground, a five hour journey from Kalna, on week-ends. Within three years, she made her debut in the Senior Indian team.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Aruna Bag: A ride incredible to the international arena |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aruna-bag-a-ride-incredible-to-the-international-arena |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
She played for [[Sreebhumi FC|Sreebhumi Football Club]], West Bengal Police Sports Club and Behala Aikya Sammilani before joining Kickstart. After two seasons at Kickstart, she was selected for the India women's national football team. In June 2024, she made her debut during the [[Uzbekistan]] tour. She played the Senior National women's football championship in 2022-23 and also played the Indian Women's League in the same year.<ref name=":0" /> On 29 December 2024, she was selected in the 23-member squad for the FIFA International friendlies against [[Maldives]] on December 30 and January 2 at the [[Padukone - Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence|Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence]] in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-12-29 |title=India women's football team coach Alexandersson announced 23-member squad for Maldives friendly |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-team-23-member-squad-maldives-friendly-full-team-venue-time/article69039441.ece |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nalwala |first=Ali Asgar |date=29 December 2024 |title=India's squad for FIFA women's international 2024-25 football friendlies vs Maldives |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/india-vs-maldives-women-football-2024-25-friendlies-schedule-live-streaming |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> She is also named among the 32 probables for camp ahead of the Pink Ladies Cup to be played in [[Dubai]] from 20 to 26 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-02 |title=Aruna Bag Archives |url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/tag/aruna-bag/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=East Bengal Club {{!}} Official Website of EAST BENGAL the REAL POWER Fans {{!}} EBRP |language=en-CA}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|26 February 2025}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=2|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2024
|7
|0
|-
|2025
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!9
!0
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/128440?type=club Aruna Bag] at All India Football Federation

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bag, Aruna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:Women's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Sribhumi FC players]]
[[Category:Kickstart FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Hero (1983 film)

2026-03-03T23:55:47Z

MonroeDunning09: reworked article per sources based on references

{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hero
| image = Hero1983.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Subhash Ghai]]
| producer = Subhash Ghai
| writer = Mukta Ghai Subhash Ghai Ram Kelkar
| narrator =
| starring = [[Jackie Shroff]] [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] [[Shammi Kapoor]] [[Sanjeev Kumar]] [[Shakti Kapoor]] [[Madan Puri]] [[Amrish Puri]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = Kamalakar Rao
| editing = Waman Bhonsle Gurudutt Shirali
| studio =
| distributor = [[Mukta Arts Ltd.]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1983|12|16|India}}
| runtime = 173 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}3cr
| gross = {{INR}}17cr.<ref name=Boxoffice>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw== |title=Box Office 1983 |website=Boxoffice India |access-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201143724/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw== |archive-date=1 February 2009 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Hero''''' is a 1983 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic action film]] directed by [[Subhash Ghai]]. Starring [[Jackie Shroff]] and [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]], it marked Shroff's debut in a lead role. Its music directors were [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/hero-was-an-important-film-for-me-subhash-ghai-1588815.html|title=Hero Was an Important Film for Me: Subhash Ghai|website=News18|date=27 November 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}} - {{Cite web|url=http://www.wionews.com/india-news/entertainment-jackie-shroff-and-subhash-ghai-watch-hero-together-as-the-film-turns-34-25280|title=Jackie Shroff and Subhash Ghai watch 'Hero' together as the film turns 34|website=WION|date=27 November 2017|access-date=4 January 2019}} - {{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-hero-revisiting-subhash-ghais-flamboyant-take-on-romance/20140206.htm|title=Hero: Revisiting Subhash Ghai's flamboyant take on romance|website=Rediff|author=Sukanya Verma|date=6 February 2014|access-date=4 January 2019}} - {{Cite web |url=http://www.muktaarts.com/Media/Hero%20made%20Jackie%20and%20Meenakshi%20into%20overnight%20stars%20but%20%27the%20flute%27%20was%20the%20real%20hero%20in%20the%20film%20-%20Subhash%20Ghai.php |title="'Hero' made Jackie and Meenakshi into overnight stars but 'the flute' was the real hero in the film" - Subhash Ghai |publisher=Mukta Arts Ltd|access-date=4 January 2019}} - {{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/nov/16/16829|title=5 memorable roles of Meenakshi Seshadri – Birthday special|last=Thombare|first=Suparna|website=Cinestaan|date= 16 November 2018|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> It became a blockbuster at the box office and established Shroff as a leading Bollywood actor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jackie... |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jackie-shroff-to-play-villain-in-hero-remake-salman-khan-224881-2014-10-28&ved=2ahUKEwiZ05qGrO6AAxX7bmwGHZRwBJ0QFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw30pNnKWm0jOwcaEs4QRuKT |website=India Today| date=28 October 2014 }}</ref>

It was remade in Telugu and Kannada in 1980s and in Hindi in 2015 [[Hero (2015 Hindi film)|with the same title]].<ref name=":0" /> A Tamil remake was planned, but later dropped.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Throwback: When Crazy Star Ravichandran declined Superstar Rajinikanth's offer to star in Ranadheera remake |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/throwback-when-crazy-star-ravichandran-declined-superstar-rajinikanths-offer-to-star-in-ranadheera-remake/73d31b7f58310 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film starts with Pasha ([[Amrish Puri]]) being taken to prison. To get out of the situation, he writes to his best man, Jackie ([[Jackie Shroff]]). Jackie goes to Police Commissioner Shrikanth Mathur ([[Shammi Kapoor]]) and warns him. He then kidnaps Shrikanth's daughter Radha ([[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]). He tells her that he is a police officer and they fall in love; however, she finds out that he is a gangster but does not leave him and urges him to surrender. Transformed by her love, Jackie surrenders to the police and is imprisoned for two years.

Back home, Radha tells her brother Daamodar ([[Sanjeev Kumar]]) the truth. To prevent Radha from marrying somebody else, he calls his friend Jimmy ([[Shakti Kapoor]]) to put on a show that Radha and Jimmy love each other. Jimmy misunderstands the situation and falls in love with Radha. When Jackie comes back, he starts working in a garage and tries to reform himself. Despite everything, Shrikanth kicks him out of his life. After many days and events that follow, Daamodar finds out that Jimmy is a drug smuggler. After his release from prison, Pasha desires revenge against both Shrikanth and Jackie, so he kidnaps Radha, Shrikanth and Daamodar. Jackie comes at the last moment and frees all of them. In the end, Shrikanth lets Radha marry Jackie.

==Cast==
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Jai Kishan “Kishan” / Jackie Dada
* [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] as Radha Mathur
* [[Sanjeev Kumar]] as Damodar Mathur
* [[Neeta Mehta]] as Mrs. Uma Damodar Mathur
* [[Shammi Kapoor]] as Police Commissioner Shrikanth Mathur
* [[Amrish Puri]] as Pasha
* [[Madan Puri]] as Bharat
* [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] as Jamuna (Radha's widowed aunt)
* [[Bharat Bhushan Bhalla|Bharat Bhushan]] as Ramu
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Jimmy Thapa
* [[Urmila Bhatt]] as Sandhya Mathur
* Shaikh Azad as Shaikh Faruk
* [[Suresh Oberoi]] as Himself

== Production ==
Subhash Ghai had initially wanted [[Kamal Haasan]] to play the film's lead role, when the project was titled as ''Sangeet'', but his unavailability led to the producers casting debutant Jackie Shroff.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/this-tamil-star-not-sunny-deol-was-directors-first-choice-for-ghatak-7425337.html | title=This Tamil Star, Not Sunny Deol, Was Director's First Choice for Ghatak | date=31 March 2023 }}</ref>

Jackie Shroff revealed in a 2017 interview that he is a huge fan of veteran actor [[Dev Anand]], and during the filming of ''Hero'' often said his dialogues in Dev Anand's style. Ghai wanted him to deliver his dialogues like [[Shatrughan Sinha]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-12 |title=Jackie Shroff talks about his experience shooting the 1983 Hero as a huge Dev Anand fan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shroffjackie-shroff-talks-about-his-experience-shooting-the-1983-hero-as-a-huge-dev-anand-fan-4699828/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Composed by the musical duo [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]] with lyrics written by [[Anand Bakshi]].
The music of Hero is one of the complete albums containing songs of each genre. It had typical Bollywood song with modern beats ( Tu Mera Janu Hai, Ding Dong O Baby sing song), a Qawwali ( Mohabbat ye mohabbat), a folk song ( Lambi Judai) and Hindustani Classical based song (Nindiyase Jagi Bahar).
The music of Hero was well appreciated by critics and the masses alike.

'''Track listing'''
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ding Dong
| extra1 = [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Manhar Udhas]]
| length1 = 08:27
| title2 = Mohabbat Ye Mohabbat
| extra2 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Suresh Wadkar]]
| length2 = 06:45
| title3 = Lambi Judaai
| extra3 = [[Reshma (Pakistani singer)|Reshma]]
| length3 = 06:26
| title4 = Nindya Se Jaagi Bahaar (Raga Yaman Kalyan)
| extra4 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length4 = 06:18
| title5 = Pyar Karne Wale Kabhi Darte Nahi (Raga Bhairavi)
| extra5 = Lata Mangeshkar, Manhar Udhas
| length5 = 05:55
| title6 = Tu Mera Hero Hai
| extra6 = Anuradha Paudwal, Manhar Udhas
| length6 = 08:03
}}

==Reception==
The film was declared a "blockbuster" at the Indian box office,<ref name=Boxoffice/> with Shroff and Sheshadri becoming stars after its release. ''Hero'' ran for 750 days in many cities in India.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} Both actors were in demand after its release and began a long association with Ghai.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} Younger audiences enjoyed the performances, and critics applauded Ghai for using fresh faces at a time when Amitabh Bachchan was the dominant star in Bollywood.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} The Yamaha [[Rajdoot 350]] bike was heavily promoted in this movie.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==Awards==

; [[31st Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] – [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[Anuradha Paudwal]] for "Tu Mera Hero Hai"

==Remakes==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Year
! Film title
! Language
! Director
|-
| 1986
|''[[Vikram (1986 Telugu film)|Vikram]]''
|[[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu]]
| [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
|-
| 1988
|''[[Ranadheera]]''
|[[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]]
| [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Hero (2015 Hindi film)|Hero]]''
|[[Bollywood|Hindi]]
| [[Nikhil Advani]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Nikhil Advani begins shooting for 'Hero'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nikhil-advani-begins-shooting-for-hero/452359-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222200630/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nikhil-advani-begins-shooting-for-hero/452359-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014|access-date=18 February 2014|newspaper=IBN Live|date=16 February 2014}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0123102|Hero}}

{{Subhash Ghai}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1983 action films]]
[[Category:1983 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Subhash Ghai]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Motorcycle racing films]]
[[Category:Outlaw biker films]]
[[Category:Mukta Arts films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Devasish Roy

2026-03-02T08:52:51Z

MonroeDunning09: formatting fix

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Devasish Roy 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄥𑄨𑄥𑄴 𑄢𑄧𑄠𑄴
| title = [[Raja]]
| image = File:Raja Devashis Roy.jpg
| caption =
| succession = [[Tribal monarchy in Chittagong Hill Tracts|Chief of the]] [[Chakma Circle]]
| moretext =
| reign = 16 December 1971 – present
| reign-type =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Tridev Roy]]
| pre-type =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| regent =
| reg-type =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|4|9}}
| birth_place = [[Dhaka|Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan
| father = [[Tridev Roy]]
| religion = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
| occupation = Politician, lawyer
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marraige|[[Tatu Roy]]||1998|died}}|{{marraige|[[Rani Yan Yan|Yan Yan]]|2014}}}}
| spouse-type = Consort
| consort = yes
| issue = Tribhuvan Aryadev Roy
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance =[[Chakma Circle]]
| serviceyears = 1977 - present
}}
}}

'''Devasish Roy''' (also spelled '''Debashish Roy''';<ref name="np6Jul2014" /> born 9 April 1959)<ref name="ind22Dec2017" /> is a Bangladeshi politician and lawyer.<ref name="un" /> He is the [[Titular ruler|titular]] [[Tribal monarchy in Chittagong Hill Tracts|Raja]] of the [[Chakma Circle]], [[Bangladesh]]'s largest indigenous community,<ref>{{cite news |last=Monet |first=Jenni |date=1 May 2015 |url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/indigenous-jumma-people-vow-to-launch-non-cooperation-movement-on-bangladesh-aaefc7ew1UuWX7TcvBm3_w |title=Indigenous Jumma People Vow to Launch 'Non-Cooperation Movement' on Bangladesh |work=[[Indian Country Today]]}}</ref> and was a member of the [[United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues]] from 2014 to 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/about-us/members.html |title=UNPFII Members |website=United Nations}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born in a [[Chakma people|Chakma]] family,<ref name="ind22Dec2017"/> Roy is a lawyer by profession and served as a special assistant to the [[Chief Advisor of Bangladesh]] (head of the [[caretaker government of Bangladesh]]) during the [[2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis]]. He was in charge of the [[Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]] and the Ministry of Forest and Environment.<ref name="un">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/member_roy.pdf |title=Raja Devasish Roy |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

Roy became King of the Chakma Circle after his father [[Tridev Roy]] went into exile following the independence of Bangladesh from [[Pakistan]] in 1971. In the 1970 general election [[Raja Tridev Roy]] had been elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as one of the only two non-[[Awami League]] candidates from [[East Pakistan]]. The former Raja who opposed the independence of Bangladesh fled [[Rangamati]] and escaped to Pakistan at the end of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. However most of the royal family, including the [[Queen regnant|Rani]] and Yuvraj, were still left at the Rangamati Palace. After the emergence of Bangladesh, Yuvraj Devasish Roy was proclaimed Raja due to the absence of his father.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-20 |title=Chittagong's former Chakma raja who left Bangladesh to live in Pakistan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/chittagongs-former-chakma-raja-who-left-bangladesh-to-live-in-pak-4851886/ |access-date=2022-09-19 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-09-19 |title=Tridiv Roy passes away |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-250386 |access-date=2022-09-19 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Roy was married to Tatu Roy until her death in 1998.<ref name="np6Jul2014" /><ref name="tr5Jul2014"/> The couple have two children, a son, Tribhuvan Aryadev Roy, and a daughter.<ref name="np6Jul2014" /><ref name="tr5Jul2014"/><ref name="ind22Dec2017">{{cite news |last=Illius |first=Shamsuddin |date=22 December 2017 |title=Chakma Raja Celebrates 40 Years |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/129173 |work=The Independent |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224034918/http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/129173 |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> On 4 July 2014, he married [[Rani Yan Yan|Yan Yan]], an [[Rakhine people|ethnic Rakhine]] and had a son on April 16,2015.<ref name="np6Jul2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.nirvanapeace.com/english/news-review/country-news/678#.VUU6IeTgUfw |title=Chakma Raja Debashish Roy wedded |date=6 July 2014 |work=The Report 24 |via=Nirvana Peace}}</ref><ref name="tr5Jul2014">{{cite news |script-title=bn:চাকমা রাজার দ্বিতীয় বিয়ে |trans-title=Chakma king's second marriage |url=http://bangla.thereport24.com/article/44132/index.html |work=The Report 24 |date=5 July 2014 |language=bn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Devasish}}
[[Category:Bangladeshi Theravada Buddhists]]
[[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict]]
[[Category:Chakma people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Chakma Royal Family]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi barristers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Rangamati District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Advisers of caretaker governments of Bangladesh]]

Anupama Upadhyaya

2026-02-25T11:02:11Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{Short description|Indian badminton player}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Anupama Upadhyaya
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2005|2|12}}
| birth_place = [[Almora]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Badminton: Meet Anupama Upadhyaya, the former junior world No 1 and now senior national champion |website=Scroll.in |date=28 February 2023 | url=https://scroll.in/field/1044737/badminton-meet-anupama-upadhyaya-the-former-junior-world-no-1-looking-to-make-her-way-up | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref> [[Uttarakhand]], India
| handedness = Right
| years_active = 2020–present
| coach = [[Park Tae-sang]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Teenager Anupama Upadhyaya is toughening up: "Wasn't sad about not being picked for Uber Cup"
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/teenager-anupama-upadhyaya-is-toughening-up-uber-cup-kazakhstan-challenge-india-badminton-singles-9258378/|access-date=9 April 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 April 2024}}</ref>
| event = Women's singles
| career_record = 102 wins, 43 losses
| highest_ranking = 38
| date_of_highest_ranking = 22 July 2025
| current_ranking = 49
| date_of_current_ranking = 24 February 2026
| bwfbadminton_id = 74481
| bwf_id = C632D6A8-DBB2-46B4-B4F9-C725F7BA00D2
}}

'''Anupama Upadhyaya''' (born 12 February 2005) is an Indian [[badminton]] player.<ref>{{cite web|title=Players: Anupama Upadhyaya |url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/74481/anupama-upadhyaya |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] }}</ref> She is a former BWF World Junior Number 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/indias-anupama-upadhyaya-becomes-new-junior-world-no-1-in-bwf-rankings/articleshow/94053074.cms|title=India's Anupama Upadhyaya becomes new Junior World No. 1 in BWF rankings|work=Times Of India|date=7 September 2022|access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BWF Junior Rankings (9/27/2022) |url=https://www.tournamentsoftware.com/ranking/category.aspx?id=31725&category=818}}</ref> She became the [[Indian National Badminton Championships|Indian National Badminton Champion]] in women's singles in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/anupama-upadhyaya-and-mithun-manjunath-clinch-national-badminton-singles-titles/articleshow/98310436.cms |title=Anupama Upadhyaya and Mithun Manjunath clinch national badminton singles titles |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 February 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Hailing from [[Almora]], [[Uttarakhand]], Upadhyaya first started playing badminton when she was sent to a summer camp by her father, Naveen, a former cricketer. She first started training under D. K. Sen (father of 2022 Commonwealth Games gold medalist [[Lakshya Sen]]).<ref name="indnc23">{{cite web |last=Sharda |first=Deepakar |title=Anupama Upadhyaya of Panchkula becomes national badminton champ |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/anupama-upadhyaya-of-panchkula-becomes-national-badminton-champ-483972 |work=The Tribune |date=28 February 2023 |access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2023, Upadhyaya won the [[Indian National Badminton Championships|Indian National Championships]] women's singles title at the age of 18, became the first girls' from Almora district to do so.<ref name="indnc23"/> She was elected to join national team to compete at the [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]] in Hangzhou, China.<ref name="ag23">{{cite web |title="Admire Lakshya Sen A Lot": Indian Shuttler Anupama Upadhyaya Ahead Of Asian Games |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/asian-games-2023/i-admire-lakshya-sen-a-lot-indian-shuttler-anupama-upadhyaya-ahead-of-asian-games-4395606 |publisher=NDTV |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref>

== Achievements ==
=== BWF International (6 titles, 2 runners-up) ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#E9E9E9"
| align="center" | 2020
| align="left" | [[Kenya International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap]]
| align="left" | 15–21, 6–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[Uganda International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malvika Bansod]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 23–25, 10–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda]]
| align="left" | 21–19, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | [[Polish Open (badminton)|Polish Open]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditi Bhatt]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 21–14, 21–17
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2023
| align="left" | [[Tajikistan International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ksenia Polikarpova]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 21–9, 21–8
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | Polish Open
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth]]
| align="left" | 21–15, 11–21, 21–10
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | [[Kazakhstan International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah]]
| align="left" | 21–15, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2026
| align="left" | Uganda International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Singh]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 21–10
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

=== BWF Junior International (1 title) ===
''Girls' singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#EBE7E0"
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Uganda Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Reddy Mareddy]]
| align="left" | 21–10, 12–21, 21–17
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#AE9C45|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
: {{Color box|#C6D4E1|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
: {{Color box|#BDB8AD|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Series tournament
: {{Color box|#EBE7E0|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior Future Series tournament

== Performance timeline ==
{{Performance key (badminton)}}
=== National team ===
* ''Junior level''
{| style='font-size: 90%; text-align:center;' class='wikitable'
! Team events !! 2022
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | [[BWF World Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]]
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | [[2022 BWF World Junior Championships|13th]]
|}

* ''Senior level''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
! Team events !! 2022 !! 2023 !! 2024 !! 2025
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | [[Badminton at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team|QF]]
| colspan="3" style=color:#ccc | NH
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | [[Sudirman Cup]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2023 Sudirman Cup|RR]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2025 Sudirman Cup|RR]]
|}

=== Individual competitions ===
* ''Junior level''
{| style='font-size: 90%; text-align:center;' class='wikitable'
! Team events !! 2022
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | [[BWF World Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2022 BWF World Junior Championships – Girls' singles|3R]]
|}

* ''Senior level''
{| style='font-size: 90%; text-align:center;' class='wikitable'
! Events !! 2025
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | [[Badminton Asia Championships|Asia Championships]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2025 Badminton Asia Championships|1R]]
|}

{| style='font-size: 90%; text-align:center;' class='wikitable'
! rowspan="2" | Tournament !! colspan="5" | [[BWF World Tour]] !! rowspan="2" | Best
|-
! [[2022 BWF World Tour|2022]] !! [[2023 BWF World Tour|2023]] !! [[2024 BWF World Tour|2024]] !! [[2025 BWF World Tour|2025]] !! [[2026 BWF World Tour|2026]]
|-
| align=left | [[Malaysia Open (badminton)|Malaysia Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Malaysia Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[India Open]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2022 India Open (badminton)|2R]]'''
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 India Open (badminton)|2R]]'''
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('22, '25)
|-
| align=left | [[Indonesia Masters]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Indonesia Masters|1R]]'''
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Thailand Masters (badminton)|Thailand Masters]]
| colspan="1" style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2023 Thailand Masters (badminton)|1R]]'''
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2026 Thailand Masters (badminton)|1R]]'''
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('23, '26)
|-
| align=left | [[German Open (badminton)|German Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 German Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Orléans Masters]]
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | [[2022 Orléans Masters |'''QF''']]
| 2023; bgcolor=f0f8ff | Q2
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2024 Orléans Masters |2R]]
| A
|
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''QF''' ('22)
|-
| align=left | [[Swiss Open (badminton)|Swiss Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Swiss Open (badminton)|2R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Taipei Open (badminton)|Taipei Open]]
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Taipei Open|1R]]'''
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Taipei Open|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('24, '25)
|-
| align=left | [[Thailand Open (badminton)|Thailand Open]]
| 2022; bgcolor=f0f8ff | Q1
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Thailand Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Singapore Open (badminton)|Singapore Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Singapore Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Indonesia Open (badminton)|Indonesia Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Indonesia Open|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Canada Open]]
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Canada Open|2R]]'''
| A
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('24)
|-
| align=left | [[Japan Open (badminton)|Japan Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Japan Open|2R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[China Open (badminton)|China Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 China Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Macau Open Badminton Championships|Macau Open]]
| colspan="2" style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Macau Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Macau Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('24, '25)
|-
| align=left | [[Vietnam Open (badminton)|Vietnam Open]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2022 Vietnam Open|1R]]'''
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Vietnam Open|1R]]'''
| A
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('22, '24)
|-
| align=left | [[Hong Kong Open (badminton)|Hong Kong Open]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Hong Kong Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[China Masters]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2024 China Masters|'''2R''']]
| A
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('24)
|-
| rowspan="2" align=left | [[Indonesia Masters Super 100]]
| rowspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2023 Indonesia Masters Super 100 I|1R]]'''
| colspan="2" | A
|
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('23)
|-
| colspan="2" | A
|
|
|-
| align=left | [[Korea Open (badminton)|Korea Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Korea Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Kaohsiung Masters]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Kaohsiung Masters|1R]]'''
| A
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('24)
|-
| align=left | [[Al Ain Masters]]
| 2022; style=color:#ccc | NH
| A
| 2024; style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''[[2025 Al Ain Masters|QF]]'''
|
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''QF''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[French Open (badminton)|French Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 French Open (badminton)|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Hylo Open]]
| colspan="3" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2025 Hylo Open|1R]]'''
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''1R''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Australian Open (badminton)|Australian Open]]
| colspan="2" | A
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''[[2024 Australian Open (badminton)|2R]]'''
| A
|
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | '''2R''' ('24)
|-
| align=left | [[Syed Modi International Badminton Championships|Syed Modi International]]
| bgcolor=ffff00 | [[2022 Syed Modi International|'''SF''']]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2023 Syed Modi International|2R]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2024 Syed Modi International|2R]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2025 Syed Modi International|2R]]
|
| bgcolor=ffff00 | '''SF''' ('22)
|-
| align=left | [[Guwahati Masters]]
| style=color:#ccc | NH
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2023 Guwahati Masters|2R]]
| A
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''[[2025 Guwahati Masters|QF]]'''
|
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''QF''' ('25)
|-
| align=left | [[Odisha Masters]]
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2022 Odisha Open|2R]]
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''[[2023 Odisha Masters|QF]]'''
| bgcolor=AFEEEE | [[2024 Odisha Masters|1R]]
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''[[2025 Odisha Masters|QF]]'''
|
| bgcolor=FFEBCD | '''QF''' ('23, '25)
|-
| align=left | '''Year-end ranking'''
| 2022; | 48
| 2023; | 87
| 2024; | 46
| 2025; | 48
| 2026; |
| Best; | '''38'''
|-
! Tournament !! 2022 !! 2023 !! 2024 !! 2025 !! 2026 !! rowspan="2" | Best
|}

== See also ==
*[[Badminton in India]]
*[[India national badminton team]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upadhyaya, Anupama}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Almora]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Indian national badminton champions]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games badminton players for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Incense

2026-02-24T04:00:42Z

MonroeDunning09: expanded page for clarity for clarity

{{Wiktionary}}{{Short description|Material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt}}
{{for|the Chinese film|Incense (film)}}
[[File:Incenselonghua.jpg|thumb|Burning incense at the [[Longhua Temple]]]]
[[File:Smoke Incense AB.jpg|thumb|Smoke from incense stick]]
'''Incense''' is an aromatic [[biotic material]] that releases fragrant smoke when burnt. The term is used for either the material or the aroma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Incense |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/incense |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> Incense is used for aesthetic reasons, religious [[worship]], [[aromatherapy]], [[meditation]], and ceremonial reasons. It may also be used as a simple deodorant or [[insect repellent]].<ref name=mystery>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1x0sNljp5ioC&q=Incense |title=Incense: Rituals, Mystery, Lore |publisher=Chronicle Books |author1=Gina Hyams |author2=Susie Cushner |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8118-3993-8}}</ref><ref name=Aromatherapy>{{cite book |author=Maria Lis-Balchin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rGQps9fQX1YC&q=incense%20uses&pg=PA9 |title=Aromatherapy Science: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-85369-578-3}}</ref>

Incense is composed of aromatic plant materials, often combined with [[essential oil]]s.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7M9_cYNE0X4C&q=Incense+Composition&pg=PA15 |title=Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs |first1=Scott |last1=Cunningham |publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87542-122-3}}</ref> The forms taken by incense differ with the underlying culture, and have changed with advances in technology and increasing number of uses.<ref name=DO>{{cite web |url=https://www.baieido-usa.com/making-incense-by-david-oller |title=Making Incense |first1=David |last1=Oller |website=Baieido |access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref>

Incense can generally be separated into two main types: "indirect-burning" and "direct-burning." Indirect-burning incense (or "non-combustible incense") is not capable of burning on its own, and requires a separate heat source. Direct-burning incense (or "combustible incense") is lit directly by a flame and then fanned or blown out, leaving a glowing [[ember]] that smoulders and releases a smoky fragrance. Direct-burning incense is either a paste formed around a bamboo stick, or a paste that is extruded into a stick or cone shape.

==History==
{{Cite check section |date=April 2021}}
The word ''incense'' comes from [[Latin]] {{lang|la|incendere}} pronunciation: /inˈt͡ʃɛn.de.re/ meaning 'to burn'.
[[File:Qustul Incense Burner, Qustal, Nubia, Cemetery L, tomb 24, A-Group, 3200-3000 BC, limestone - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago - DSC08007.JPG|thumb|Qustul Incense Burner, Nubia, Cemetery L, tomb 24, A-Group, 3300-3000 BC, limestone - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago]]
The earliest documented use of incense comes from the ancient Sudanese. Archaeological discoveries at [[Qustul]], a site in Lower [[Nubia]] in [[Sudan]] have revealed one of the earliest known incense burners, dating to the [[A-Group culture]] around 3300-3000 BCE predating early dynastic Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Qustul Incense Burner {{!}} Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures |url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/nubia/qustul-incense-burner |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=isac.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rensberger |first=Boyce |date=1979-03-01 |title=Ancient Nubian Artifacts Yield Evidence of Earliest Monarchy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/01/archives/ancient-nubian-artifacts-yield-evidence-of-earliest-monarchy-clues.html |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=G. |first1=K. |last2=Williams |first2=Bruce Beyer |title=New Kingdom Remains from Cemeteries R, V, and W at Qustul and Cemetery K at Adindan |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/605213 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=594 |doi=10.2307/605213 |jstor=605213 |issn=0003-0279 |via=|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Qustul incense burner, made of ceramic and adorned with iconography such as processions and what some scholars interpret as royal emblems, suggests that incense and its ritual use were already well-developed in Nubian spiritual and political life.<ref>{{Citation |last=Trigger |first=B. G. |title=The rise of Egyptian civilization |date=1983-09-22 |work=Ancient Egypt |pages=1–70 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607868.002 |access-date=2025-05-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511607868.002 |isbn=978-0-521-28427-1|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Trigger |first1=Bruce G. |last2=Welsby |first2=Derek A. |date=2000 |title=The Kingdom of Kush: The Napatan and Meroitic Empires |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/220314 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=212 |doi=10.2307/220314 |jstor=220314 |issn=0361-7882|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[File:Egyptian - Egyptian Incense Burner - Walters 54498 - Side.jpg|thumb|Egyptian incense burner, 7th century BCE]]
In [[Ancient Egypt]], combustible bouquets were used and employed incense in both pragmatic and mystical capacities. Incense was burnt to counteract or obscure malodorous products of human habitation, but was widely perceived to also deter malevolent demons and appease the [[Egyptian pantheon|gods]] with its pleasant aroma.<ref name=Aromatherapy/> Resin balls were found in many [[prehistoric Egypt]]ian tombs in El Mahasna, giving evidence for the prominence of incense and related compounds in Egyptian antiquity.<ref name="Nielsen 3">{{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Kjeld |title=Incense in Ancient Israel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEIkR5_R3wEC&q=history+of+incense&pg=PA3 |page=3 |isbn=978-9004077027 |year=1986|publisher=BRILL }}</ref> One of the oldest extant incense burners originates from the [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt|5th dynasty]].<ref name="Nielsen 3"/> The Temple of Deir-el-Bahari in Egypt contains a series of carvings that depict an expedition for incense.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stoddart |first=D. Michael |title=The Scented Ape: The Biology and Culture of Human Odour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYBux6MdmbIC |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-37511-5 |page=171}}</ref>

The Babylonians used incense while offering prayers to divine<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-15 |title=Catholic Incense, Rituals, and Using Incense In Your Own Home! |url=http://incensecandlesadvice.blogspot.com/2016/09/catholic-incense-rituals-and-using.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510134328/http://incensecandlesadvice.blogspot.com/2016/09/catholic-incense-rituals-and-using.html |archive-date=May 10, 2017 |website=Natural Incense and Candles DIY Tips! |publisher=Blogger}}</ref> [[oracle]]s.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-PsUAAAAIAAJ&q=Babylonians+used+incense&pg=PA16 |title=Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period: As Revealed by Texts from Southern Mesopotamia |first1=W. F. |last1=Leemans |publisher=Brill Archive |year=1960}}</ref> Incense spread from there to Greece and Rome.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Incense {{!}} Aromatherapy, Meditation & Rituals |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/incense |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Incense burners have been found in the [[Indus Civilization]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tpc7FjVk0BMC&q=ancient+India+%27incense+sellers%27&pg=PA69 |title=Mohenjo Daro And The Indus Civilization 3 Vols |author=John Marshall |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-206-1179-5}}</ref> Evidence suggests oils were used mainly for their aroma. This was the first usage of subterranean plant parts in incense.<ref name="stodda169" />

At around 2000 BCE, [[Ancient China]] began the use of incense in the religious sense, namely for worship.<ref>Herrera, Matthew D. (2012). ''{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120912022346/http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church]}}'' (2nd ed.). San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium. Page 1.</ref> Incense was used by Chinese cultures from Neolithic times and became more widespread in the [[Xia dynasty|Xia]], [[Shang dynasty|Shang]], and [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] dynasties.<ref>{{cite web |trans-title=Shang Xiang Si tak |url=http://www.incenseart.org.tw |title=官方網站 |language=zh |publisher=中華東方香學研究會 [Chinese Incense Art Association] |website=Incenseart.org.tw |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2020-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818112630/http://www.incenseart.org.tw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ancient Chinese employed incense composed of herbs and plant products (such as [[senna obtusifolia|cassia]], [[cinnamon]], [[styrax]], and [[sandalwood]]) as a component of numerous formalized ceremonial rites.<ref name=stodda169>{{cite book |last=Stoddart |first=D. Michael |title=The scented ape: The biology and culture of human odour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYBux6MdmbIC&pg=PA169 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-37511-5 |page=169}}</ref>

In India, the oldest sources on incense is the Vedic-tribal oral religious scriptures called [[Vedas]], specifically the [[Atharvaveda]] and the [[Rigveda]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=López-Sampson |first1=Arlene |last2=Page |first2=Tony |date=2018-03-01 |title=History of Use and Trade of Agarwood |journal=Economic Botany |language=en |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=107–129 |doi=10.1007/s12231-018-9408-4 |bibcode=2018EcBot..72..107L |s2cid=255560778 |issn=1874-9364|doi-access=free }}</ref> Incense-burning was used to create pleasing aromas as well as a medicinal tool. Its use in medicine is considered the first phase of [[Ayurveda]], which uses incense as an approach to healing.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Jennifer |first1=Rhind |title=Fragrance and Wellbeing; Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche |date=21 October 2013 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=9780857010735 |page=167|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LamNAQAAQBAJ |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> The practice of incense as a healing tool was assimilated into the religious practices of the time. Some incense, depending on the contents, may also act as organic insect repellent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kwon |first1=Young-Suk |last2=Lee |first2=Kyung-Hee |date=2006 |title=A Review on Ancient Literatures of Anti-insect Incense |url=https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200618317233951.page |journal=The Research Journal of the Costume Culture |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=802–812 |issn=1226-0401}}</ref>

Incense usage reached its peak during the [[Song dynasty]], with numerous buildings erected specifically for incense ceremonies. Brought to Japan in the 6th century by Korean [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]], who used the mystical aromas in their purification rites, the delicate scents of Koh (high-quality Japanese incense) became a source of amusement and entertainment for nobles in the Imperial Court during the [[Heian period|Heian Era]] 200 years later. During the 14th-century [[Ashikaga shogunate]], a [[samurai]] warrior might perfume his helmet and armor with incense to achieve an aura of invincibility (as well as to make a noble gesture to whoever might take his head in battle). It was not until the [[Muromachi period]] during the 15th and 16th century that incense appreciation ({{lang|ja-Latn|[[Japanese incense#Kōdō|kōdō]]}}, {{lang|ja|香道}}) spread to the upper and middle classes of Japanese society.

==Composition==
[[File:IncenseWikiVers.jpg|thumb|Some commonly used raw incense and incense-making materials (from left to right, top down): Makko powder (''[[Machilus thunbergii]]''), [[Borneol]] [[camphor]] (''[[Dryobalanops aromatica]]''), [[Sumatra]] [[Benzoin resin|Benzoin]] (''[[Styrax benzoin]]''), [[Oman]]i [[frankincense]] (''[[Boswellia sacra]]''), Guggul (''[[Commiphora wightii]]''), Golden Frankincense (''[[Boswellia papyrifera]]''), the new world [[Tolu balsam]] (''[[Myroxylon toluifera]]'') from South America, [[Somalia|Somali]] [[myrrh]] (''[[Commiphora myrrha]]''), [[Labdanum]] (''[[Cistus villosus]]''), [[Perfumery's opopanax|Opoponax]] (''[[Commiphora opoponax]]''), and white Indian [[sandalwood]] powder (''[[Santalum album]]'')]]

A variety of materials have been used in making incense. Historically there has been a preference for using locally available ingredients. For example, sage and cedar were used by the indigenous peoples of North America.<ref name=SS>{{cite web |url=http://www.asunam.com/smudge_ceremony.html |title=The Smudging Ceremony |author1=Adrienne Borden |author2=Steve Coyote|access-date=2007-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204050814/http://www.asunam.com/smudge_ceremony.html|archive-date=2011-12-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Trading in incense materials comprised a major part of commerce along the [[Silk Road]] and other trade routes, one notably called the [[Incense Route]].<ref>Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. www.SmellsBells.com</ref>

Local knowledge and tools were extremely influential on the style, but methods were also influenced by migrations of foreigners, such as clergy and physicians.<ref name=DO />

===Combustible base===
[[File:Räucherkerzchen.jpg|thumb|upright|A {{lang|de|[[Räucherkerzchen]]}} – A charcoal-based incense cone]]

The combustible base of a direct burning incense mixture not only binds the fragrant material together but also allows the produced incense to burn with a self-sustained ember, which propagates slowly and evenly through an entire piece of incense with such regularity that it can be used to mark time.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}} The base is chosen such that it does not produce a perceptible smell. Commercially, two types of incense base predominate:
*'''[[Fuel]] and [[oxidizer]] mixtures''': [[Charcoal]] or [[wood]] powder provides the fuel for combustion while an oxidizer such as [[sodium nitrate]] or [[potassium nitrate]] sustains the burning of the incense. Fragrant materials are added to the base prior to shaping, as in the case of powdered incense materials, or after, as in the case of essential oils. The formula for charcoal-based incense is superficially similar to [[black powder]], though it lacks the [[sulfur]].
*'''Natural plant-based binders''': Gums such as [[gum arabic]] or [[Tragacanth|gum tragacanth]] are used to bind the mixture together. Mucilaginous material, which can be derived from many botanical sources, is mixed with fragrant materials and water. The [[mucilage]] from the wet binding powder holds the fragrant material together while the [[cellulose]] in the powder combusts to form a stable ember when lit. The dry binding powder usually comprises about 10% of the dry weight in the finished incense. These include:
**''Makko'' (incense powder) made from the [[bark (botany)|bark]] of various trees in the genus ''[[Persea]]'' (such as ''[[Machilus thunbergii|Persea thunbergii]]'')
**''Xiangnan pi'' (made from the bark of trees of genus ''[[Phoebe (plant)|Phoebe]]'' such as ''[[Phoebe nanmu]]'' or ''[[Persea zuihoensis]]''.
**''Jigit'': a resin based binder used in India
**''Laha'' or ''Dar'': bark based powders used in Nepal, Tibet, and other East Asian countries.

Typical compositions burn at a temperature between {{convert|220|and(-)|260|°C}}.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

==Types==
Incense is available in various forms and degrees of processing. They can generally be separated into "direct-burning" and "indirect-burning" types. Preference for one form over another varies with culture, tradition, and personal taste. The two differ in their composition due to the former's requirement for even, stable, and sustained burning.

===Indirect-burning===

Indirect-burning incense, also called "non-combustible incense",<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Rs9DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |page=79 |title=Springer Handbook of Odor |author=Andrea Büttner |publisher=Springer |date=28 Feb 2017 |isbn=9783319269320}}</ref> is an aromatic material or combination of materials, such as resins, that does not contain combustible material and so requires a separate heat source. Finer forms tend to burn more rapidly, while coarsely ground or whole chunks may be consumed very gradually, having less surface area. Heat is traditionally provided by [[charcoal]] or glowing embers. In the West, the best known incense materials of this type are the resins [[frankincense]] and [[myrrh]],{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} likely due to their numerous mentions in the [[Bible]].{{Original research inline|date=June 2018}} Frankincense means "pure incense",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/frankincense |work=etymonline.com |title=Frankincense}}</ref> though in common usage, it refers specifically to the resin of the [[boswellia]] tree.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/frankincense |work=merriam-webster.com |title=Frankincense|date=15 January 2024 }}</ref>

*Whole: The incense material is burned directly in raw form on top of coal embers.
*Powdered or granulated: Incense broken into smaller pieces burns quickly and provides brief but intense odor.
*Paste: Powdered or granulated incense material is mixed with a sticky incombustible binder, such as dried [[fruit]], [[honey]], or a soft [[resin]] and then formed to balls or small [[pastilles]]. These may then be allowed to mature in a controlled environment where the fragrances can commingle and unite. Much [[Arab]]ian incense, also called "Bukhoor" or "Bakhoor", is of this type, and Japan has a history of kneaded incense, called nerikō or awasekō, made using this method.<ref name=Tashi>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/317468|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614055141/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/317468|archive-date=June 14, 2011 |title=Incense blending contents |date=April 28, 2004 |website=ancientworlds.net}}</ref> Within the [[Eastern Orthodox]] Christian tradition, raw frankincense is ground into a fine powder and then mixed with various sweet-smelling essential oils.

===Direct-burning===
[[File:Incense coils.jpg|upright|thumb| Incense coils hanging from the ceiling of an East Asian temple]]

Direct-burning incense, also called "combustible incense",{{cn|date=November 2022}} is lit directly by a flame. The glowing ember on the incense will continue to smoulder and burn the rest of the incense without further application of external heat or flame. Direct-burning incense is either [[Extrusion|extruded]], pressed into forms, or coated onto a supporting material. This class of incense is made from a moldable substrate of fragrant finely ground (or liquid) incense materials and odourless binder.<ref name="DO"/> The composition must be adjusted to provide fragrance in the proper concentration and to ensure even burning. The following types are commonly encountered, though direct-burning incense can take nearly any form, whether for expedience or whimsy.
[[File:Incense stick.JPG|thumb|upright|Burning incense stick and its smoke]]
*Coil: Extruded and shaped into a coil without a core, coil incense can burn for an extended period, from hours to days, and is commonly produced and used in Chinese cultures.
{{anchor|Incense cone}}
*Cone: Incense in this form burns relatively quickly. Incense cones were invented in Japan in the 1800s.
*Cored stick: A supporting core of bamboo is coated with a thick layer of incense material that burns away with the core. Higher-quality variations have fragrant [[sandalwood]] cores. This type of incense is commonly produced in India and China. When used in [[Chinese folk religion]], these are sometimes known as "joss sticks".
*Dhoop or solid stick: With no bamboo core, dhoop incense is easily broken for portion control. This is the most commonly produced form of incense in Japan and [[Tibet]].
*Powder: The loose incense powder used for making indirect burning incense is sometimes burned without further processing. Powder incense is typically packed into long trails on top of wood ash using a stencil and burned in special censers or [[incense clocks]].
*Paper: Paper infused with resin or oils extracted from fragrant material, folded accordion style, is lit and blown out. Examples include [[Carta d'Armenia]] and [[Papier d'Arménie]].
*Rope: The incense powder is rolled into paper sheets, which are then rolled into ropes, twisted tightly, then doubled over and twisted again, yielding a two-strand rope. The larger end is the [[bight (knot)|bight]], and may be stood vertically, in a shallow dish of sand or pebbles. The smaller (pointed) end is lit. This type of incense is easily transported and stays fresh for extremely long periods. It has been used for centuries in [[Tibet]] and [[Nepal]].

Moxa tablets, which are disks of powdered mugwort used in [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] for [[moxibustion]], are not incenses; the treatment is by heat rather than fragrance.

{{anchor|Incense stick|Joss stick|Stick incense}}

[[Image:Hanoi_Temple_of_Literature_incense.jpg|thumb|upright|Joss sticks in the [[Temple of Literature, Hanoi]] in Hanoi, Vietnam]]

Incense sticks may be termed joss sticks, especially in parts of [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/30/health |work=theguardian.com |title=Burning joss sticks 'as deadly as traffic fumes or cigarette smoke' |author=Ian MacKinnon |date=30 July 2008}}</ref> Among ethnic Chinese and Chinese-influenced communities these are traditionally burned at temples, before the threshold of a home or business, before an image of a religious divinity or local spirit, or in shrines, large and small, found at the main entrance of every village. Here the earth god is propitiated in the hope of bringing wealth and health to the village. They can also be burned in front of a door or open window as an offering to [[tian|heaven]], or the [[Deva (Buddhism)|devas]]. The word "joss" is derived from the Latin {{Lang|la|deus}} (god) via the Portuguese {{Lang|pt|deus}} through the Javanese {{Lang|jv|dejos}}, through Chinese pidgin English.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/joss?r=75 |title=Joss | Define Joss at Dictionary.com |website=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|joss}}</ref>

==Production==
{{Refimprove section|date=December 2010}}
[[File:Incense in Vietnam.jpg|thumb|Incense production in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam]]
[[File:IncenseTraVinh.jpg|thumb|upright|Drying cored stick incense, [[Vietnam]]]]

The raw materials are powdered and then mixed together with a binder to form a paste, which, for direct burning incense, is then cut and dried into pellets.

[[File:Raw Charcoal Incense Sticks.jpg|thumb|Raw charcoal incense sticks]]
Certain proportions are necessary for direct-burning incense:
*Oil content: an excess of oils may prevent incense from smoldering effectively.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} Resinous materials such as [[myrrh]] and [[frankincense]] are typically balanced with "dry" materials such as wood, bark and leaf powders.
*Oxidizer quantity: Too little oxidizer in gum-bound incense may prevent the incense from igniting, while too much will cause the incense to burn too quickly, without producing fragrant smoke.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}
*Binder: Water-soluble binders such as "makko" ensure that the incense mixture does not crumble when dry, dilute the mixture.<ref name="DO" />
*Mixture density: Incense mixtures made with natural binders must not be combined with too much water in mixing, or over-compressed while being formed, which would result in either uneven air distribution or undesirable density in the mixture, causing the incense to burn unevenly, too slowly, or too quickly.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}
*Particulate size: The incense mixture has to be well pulverized with similarly sized particulates. Uneven and large particulates result in uneven burning and inconsistent aroma production when burned.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}

[[File:Smouldering incense sticks.jpg|thumb|upright|Some incense sticks are uneven in thickness.|alt=]]

"Dipped" or "hand-dipped" direct-burning incense is created by dipping "incense blanks" made of unscented combustible dust into any suitable kind of essential or fragrance oil. These are often sold in the United States by [[flea markets|flea-market]] and sidewalk vendors who have developed their own styles. This form of incense requires the least skill and equipment to manufacture, since the blanks are pre-formed in China or South East Asia.

Incense mixtures can be extruded or pressed into shapes. Small quantities of water are combined with the fragrance and incense base mixture and kneaded into a hard [[dough]]. The incense dough is then pressed into shaped forms to create ''cone'' and smaller ''coiled'' incense, or forced through a [[hydraulic]] press for ''solid stick'' incense. The formed incense is then trimmed and slowly dried. Incense produced in this fashion has a tendency to warp or become misshapen when improperly dried, and as such must be placed in climate-controlled rooms and rotated several times through the drying process.

Traditionally, the bamboo core of cored stick incense is prepared by hand from ''Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens'' since this species produces thick wood and easily burns to ashes in the incense stick.<ref name="cky">{{citation |first=Ka-Yan(家恩) |last=Chen(陳) |title=Joss Stick Manufacturing: A Study of a Traditional Industry in Hong Kong |publisher=sunzi1.lib.hku.hk |url=http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4401661.pdf |access-date=2022-12-31 |archive-date=2011-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612124204/http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4401661.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> In a process known as "splitting the foot of the incense stick", the bamboo is trimmed to length, soaked, peeled, and split in halves until the thin sticks of bamboo have square cross sections of less than 3mm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0yGfRLQVp0 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/N0yGfRLQVp0| archive-date=2021-11-07 | url-status=live|title=雲霄古道／溫蕉厝的剖香腳 | date=12 June 2013|publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2016-07-20}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="cyj">{{citation |last=陳 |first=永順 |title=失落百年「剖香腳」技藝重現 |journal=聯合報 |date=2010-03-07}}</ref> This process has been largely replaced by machines in modern incense production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAyuOSgB0AM | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729113550/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAyuOSgB0AM| archive-date=2013-07-29 | url-status=dead|title=YouTube |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>

In the case of cored incensed sticks, several methods are employed to coat the sticks cores with incense mixture:
*''Paste rolling'': A wet, malleable paste of incense mixture is first rolled into a long, thin coil, using a paddle. Then, a thin stick is put next to the coil and the stick and paste are rolled together until the stick is centered in the mixture and the desired thickness is achieved. The stick is then cut to the desired length and dried.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqI-i1E6Sxc | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/QqI-i1E6Sxc| archive-date=2021-11-07 | url-status=live|title=Making Incense |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=2006-12-18 |access-date=2016-07-20}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*''Powder-coating'': Powder-coating is used mainly to produce cored incense of either larger ''coil'' (up to {{convert|1|m}} in diameter) or ''cored stick'' forms. A bundle of the supporting material (typically thin bamboo or sandalwood slivers) is soaked in water or a thin water/glue mixture for a short time. The thin sticks are evenly separated, then dipped into a tray of incense powder consisting of fragrance materials and occasionally a plant-based binder. The dry incense powder is then tossed and piled over the sticks while they are spread apart. The sticks are then gently rolled and packed to maintain roundness while more incense powder is repeatedly tossed onto the sticks. Three to four layers of powder are coated onto the sticks, forming a {{convert|2|mm}} thick layer of incense material on the stick. The coated incense is then allowed to dry in open air. Additional coatings of incense mixture can be applied after each period of successive drying. [[Incense stick]]s produced in this fashion and burned in [[temple]]s of [[Chinese folk religion]] can have a thickness between 2 and 4 millimeters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-hlV3A-08U |title=台灣宏觀電視TMACTV 代代相傳新港香 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peSYFWMl7s8 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/peSYFWMl7s8| archive-date=2021-11-07 | url-status=live|title=製香過程 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=2009-07-20 |access-date=2016-07-20}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*''Compression'': A damp powder is mechanically formed around a cored stick by compression, similar to the way uncored sticks are formed. This form is becoming more common due to the higher labor cost of producing powder-coated or paste-rolled sticks.

===Orthodox Christian===
Incense of the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Christian]] monastic tradition on [[Mount Athos]] is made by powdering frankincense or [[fir]] resin, mixing it with essential oils. Floral fragrances are the most common, but citrus such as lemon is not uncommon. The incense mixture is then rolled out into a slab approximately {{convert|1|cm}} thick and left until the slab has firmed. It is then cut into small cubes, coated with clay powder to prevent adhesion, and allowed to fully harden and dry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orthodoxincense.com/domesticincense.html |title=Incense - United States |publisher=Orthodox Incense |date=2013-08-12 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref> In Greece this rolled incense resin is called 'Moskolibano', and generally comes in either a pink or green colour denoting the fragrance, with pink being rose and green being jasmine.

==Burning incense==
Indirect-burning incense is burned directly on top of a heat source or on a hot metal plate in a [[censer]] or [[thurible]].<ref name=CI>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |author=P. Morrisroe. Transcribed by Kevin Cawley.}}</ref>

In Japan and China, a similar censer called a {{Nihongo||柄香炉|''egōro''}} in Japanese, or a ''shǒulú'' (手爐) in Chinese, is used by several Buddhist traditions. The {{lang|ja-Latn|egōro}}/''shǒulú'' is usually made of brass, with a long handle and no chain. Instead of charcoal, {{lang|ja-Latn|makkō}} powder is poured into a depression made in a bed of ash. The {{lang|ja-Latn|makkō}} is lit and the incense mixture is burned on top. This method in Japan is known as {{lang|ja-Latn|sonae-kō}} (religious burning).<ref name=JI>{{cite web |url=https://naturalscents.net/incense/buddhist-incense-in-japan-50 |title=Sonae-ko: Buddhist Incense In Japan |author=naturalscents|date=2 November 2021 }}</ref> For direct-burning incense, the tip or end of the incense is ignited with a heat source such as a flame until the incense begins to turn into ash at the burning end. The flame is then fanned or blown out, leaving the incense to smolder.

==Cultural variations==
===Arabian===
[[File:Bukhoor fragrant incense burner inside Temenggong's Mosque, Telok Blangah.jpg|thumb|Arabian bakhoor incense burner inside the prayer hall of a mosque at Telok Blangah.]]
In most [[Arab]] countries, incense is burned in the form of scented chips or blocks called {{lang|ar-Latn|bakhoor}} ({{langx|ar|بَخُورٌ}} {{IPA|ar|baˈxuːɾ|}}). Incense is used on special occasions like [[wedding]]s or on Fridays or generally to perfume the house. The {{lang|ar-Latn|bakhoor}} is usually burned in a {{lang|ar-Latn|[[mabkhara]]}} ({{langx|ar|مبخر}} or {{lang|ar|مبخرة}}), a traditional incense burner ([[censer]]) similar to the Somali {{lang|so|[[dabqaad]]}}. It is customary in many Arab countries to pass {{lang|ar-Latn|bakhoor}} among the guests in the {{lang|ar-Latn|[[majlis]]}} ({{lang|ar|مَجْلِسٌ‎}}, 'congregation'). This is done as a gesture of [[hospitality]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viennaimports.com/blog/articles/incense-around-world |title=Incense Around The World |date=2 February 2018 |publisher=Vienna Imports}}</ref>

===Chinese===
[[File:Wierook branden in de Lama Tempel Beijing China augustus 2007.JPG|thumb|Incense at [[Yonghe Temple]] in [[Beijing, China]]]]
{{Main|Incense in China}}

For over two thousand years, the Chinese have used incense in religious ceremonies, [[ancestor veneration in China|ancestor veneration]], [[traditional Chinese medicine]], and daily life. [[Agarwood]] ({{lang-zh |c=沉香 |p=chénxiāng |labels=no }}) and [[sandalwood]] ({{lang-zh |c=檀香 |p=tánxiāng |labels=no}}) are the two most important ingredients in Chinese incense.

Along with the introduction of [[Buddhism in China]] came calibrated incense sticks and [[incense clock]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bedini |first=Silvio A. |year=1963 |title=The Scent of Time. A Study of the Use of Fire and Incense for Time Measurement in Oriental Countries |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=53 |issue=5 |doi=10.2307/1005923 |pages=1–51 |jstor=1005923 |hdl=2027/mdp.39076006361401 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The first known record is by poet Yu Jianwu (487–551): "By burning incense we know the o'clock of the night, With graduated candles we confirm the tally of the watches."<ref>Schafer, Edward H. (1963). [https://books.google.com/books?id=QerLX9x8pIkC ''The Golden Peaches of Samarkand, a Study of T'ang Exotics'']. [[University of California Press]]. p. 155.</ref> The use of these incense timekeeping devices spread from Buddhist monasteries into Chinese secular society.

[[Image:JossSticks003.jpg|thumb|Big Dragon incense sticks]]

Incense-stick burning is an everyday practice in traditional [[Chinese folk religion|Chinese religion]]. There are many different types of sticks used for different purposes or on different festive days. Many of them are long and thin. Sticks are mostly coloured yellow, red, or more rarely, black.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INCENSE AND INCENSE STICKS: TYPES, COMPONENTS, ORIGIN AND THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND IMPORTANCE AMONG DIFFERENT RELIGIONS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345055234|access-date=2021-05-28 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref> Thick sticks are used for special ceremonies, such as funerals.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} Spiral incense, with exceedingly long burn times, is often hung from temple ceilings. In some states, such as Taiwan, Singapore, or Malaysia, where they celebrate the [[Ghost Festival]], large, pillar-like dragon incense sticks are sometimes used. These generate so much smoke and heat that they are only burned outside.

Chinese incense sticks used in popular religion are generally odorless or only use the slightest trace of jasmine or rose, since it is the smoke, not the scent, which is important in conveying the prayers of the faithful to heaven.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} They are composed of the dried powdered bark of a non-scented species of [[cinnamon]] native to Cambodia, ''[[Cinnamomum cambodianum]]''.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} Inexpensive packs of 300 are often found for sale in Chinese supermarkets. Though they contain no sandalwood, they often include the Chinese character for sandalwood on the label, as a generic term for incense.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Highly scented Chinese incense sticks are used by some Buddhists.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} These are often quite expensive due to the use of large amounts of sandalwood, [[agarwood]], or floral scents. The [[sandalwood]] used in Chinese incenses does not come from India, its native home, but rather from groves planted within Chinese territory. Sites belonging to [[Tzu Chi]], [[Chung Tai Shan]], [[Dharma Drum Mountain]],<ref>{{cite web |author=TOP |url=http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aedu/201408240278-1.aspx |title=不燒香法鼓山行之有年 | 生活 | 中央社即時新聞 CNA NEWS |website=Cna.com.tw |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref> [[Xingtian Temple]], or [[City of Ten Thousand Buddhas]] do not use incense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20140901/461840/ |title=我們都誤會行天宮了 | 即時新聞 | 20140901 | 蘋果日報 |website=Appledaily.com.tw |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=作者：廣興 |url=http://hk.plm.org.cn/dispKw.asp?id=1024 |title=香港宝莲禅寺佛教文化传播网 |website=Hk.plm.org.cn |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408125236/http://hk.plm.org.cn/dispKw.asp?id=1024 |archive-date=2016-04-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ycwb.com/gb/content/2005-11/14/content_1018915.htm |title=全球买家•缅甸缅甸：谈生意莫选星期二 |website=Ycwb.com |date=2005-11-14 |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408125311/http://www.ycwb.com/gb/content/2005-11/14/content_1018915.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Christian===
[[File:Evangelieläsning med rökelse Sankt Matteus.jpg|right|thumb|352x352px|The use of incense during Midnight Mass in Stockholm, in an [[Lutheranism|Evangelical-Lutheran]] parish church belonging to the [[Church of Sweden]].]]
[[File:Incense_at_Roman_Catholic_Mass.jpg|thumb|The use of incense occurs during [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], with a thurible, in the Catholic and Lutheran traditions]]
The use of incense in Christianity is inspired by passages in the [[Bible]]; its use in prayer and worship carries with it a [[Christian symbolism]].<ref name="ELCA2013">{{cite web |title=Why and how do we use incense in worship? |url=https://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/Why_and_how_do_we_use_incense_in_worship.pdf |publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of America]] |access-date=29 January 2025 |date=2013}}</ref> Incense is used in Christian churches, including the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox]], [[Assyrian Church of the East]], [[Oriental Orthodox]], [[Lutheran]] and [[Old Catholic]] denominations, as well as in some [[Methodism|Methodist]], [[Continental Reformed churches|Continental Reformed]], [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], and [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]] churches. A [[thurible]] is used to hold the burning incense. Each thurible consists of a censer section, chains to hold and swing it, a perforated lid, and a [[crucible]] in which burning charcoal is placed. The incense is placed directly upon the charcoal, where it melts to produce a sweet smelling smoke. This may be done several times during the religious service as the incense burns quite quickly. The thurible is swung by its chains to fan the charcoal, to produce copious smoke, and to distribute the smoke.<ref name="Herrera">[https://www.scribd.com/doc/170397802 Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011.]</ref>

===Indian===
{{main|Incense in India}}

[[File:Incense in India.jpg|thumb|Incense in India]]
Incense sticks, also known as {{lang|hi-Latn|agarbattī}} ({{langx|hi|अगरबत्ती}}) and joss sticks, in which an incense paste is rolled or moulded around a bamboo stick, are the main forms of incense in India. The bamboo method originated in India and is distinct from the Nepali, Tibetan, and Japanese methods of stick making without bamboo cores.

The basic ingredients are the bamboo stick, the paste (generally made of charcoal dust and joss/jiggit/gum/tabu powder – an adhesive made from the bark of [[litsea glutinosa]] and other trees),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8_q_7rBD4C&pg=PA50 |title=Markets and Rural Poverty: Upgrading in Value Chains |page=50 |author1=Jonathan Mitchell |author2=Christopher Coles |publisher=IDRC |year=2011 |access-date=5 August 2013 |isbn=9781849713139}}</ref> and the perfume ingredients - which would be a masala ([[spice mix]]) powder of ground ingredients into which the stick would be rolled, or a perfume liquid sometimes consisting of synthetic ingredients into which the stick would be dipped. Perfume is sometimes sprayed on the coated sticks. Stick machines are sometimes used, which coat the stick with paste and perfume, though the bulk of production is done by hand rolling at home. There are about 5,000 incense companies in India that take raw unperfumed sticks hand-rolled by approximately 200,000 women working part-time at home, and then apply their own brand of perfume, and package the sticks for sale.<ref name=Harper2>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VODZCM5qblYC&pg=PA249 |title=Inclusive Value Chains: A Pathway Out of Poverty |author=Malcolm Harper |page=249 |publisher=World Scientific |year=2010 |access-date=4 August 2013 |isbn=9789814295000}}</ref> An experienced home-worker can produce 4,000 raw sticks a day.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVIuvRibcegC&pg=PA16 |title=South Indian Factory Workers: Their Life and Their World |author=Mark Holmström |page=16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=3 Dec 2007 |access-date=5 August 2013 |isbn=9780521048125}}</ref> There are about 50 large companies that together account for up to 30% of the market, and around 500 of the companies, including a significant number of the main ones, including Moksh Agarbatti, [[PremaNature]], and [[Cycle Pure]], are based in Mysore.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EymP-cYw2KsC&pg=PA84 |title=Urban Energy Systems |author=B. Sudhakara Reddy |page=84 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |date=1 Jan 1998 |access-date=5 August 2013 |isbn=9788170226819}}</ref>

=== Jewish Temple in Jerusalem ===
{{main|Incense offering in rabbinic literature}}

[[Ketoret]] ({{langx|he|קְטֹרֶת‎}}) was the incense offered in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]] and is stated in the [[Book of Exodus]] to be a mixture of [[stacte]], [[onycha]], [[galbanum]] and [[frankincense]].<ref name="smellsbells.com">{{cite web |last=Herrera |first=Matthew D. |title=Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church |publisher=San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium |date=2011 |url=http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912022346/http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-12}}</ref>

===Japanese===
{{Main|Japanese incense}}

[[File:IncenseStack0203.jpg|thumb|Stacks of incense at a temple in Japan]]

In Japan incense appreciation [[folklore]] includes art, culture, history, and ceremony. Incense burning may occasionally take place within the [[tea ceremony]], just like [[calligraphy]], [[ikebana]], and [[kakemono|scroll]] arrangement. {{nihongo||香道|Kōdō}}, the art of incense appreciation, is generally practiced as a separate art form from the tea ceremony, and usually within a tea room of traditional Zen design.

{{nihongo|Agarwood|沈香|jinkō}} and {{nihongo|sandalwood|白檀|byakudan}} are the two most important ingredients in Japanese incense. The characters in agarwood mean "incense that sinks in water" due to the weight of the resin in the wood. Sandalwood is used in the [[Japanese tea ceremony]]. The most valued sandalwood comes from [[Mysore]] in the state of [[Karnataka]] in India.{{cn|date=August 2019}}

Japanese incense companies divide agarwood into six categories depending on its properties and the region from which it is obtained.{{cn|date=August 2019}} {{Nihongo||伽羅|Kyara}}, a type of agarwood, is currently worth more than its weight in gold.{{cn|date=August 2019}}{{when|date=August 2019}}

==Usage==
===Practical===
[[File:Santiago de Compostela (40305048451).jpg|thumb|The giant [[Botafumeiro]] thurible swinging from the ceiling of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela]]
[[File:Katorisenkou.jpg|thumb| [[Mosquito repellent]] is often manufactured in coil/spiral form and burned in a similar manner as incense.]]
[[File:Papier d'Armenie 1523.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|[[Papier d'Armenie]]}} was used to disinfect.]]

==== Odorizant ====
Incense fragrances can be of such great strength that they obscure less desirable odours. This utility led to the use of incense in funerary ceremonies because the incense could smother the scent of decay. An example, as well as of religious use, is the giant [[Botafumeiro]] thurible that swings from the ceiling of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. It is used in part to mask the scent of the many tired, unwashed pilgrims huddled together in the [[Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela]].<ref name="smellsbells.com"/>

A similar utilitarian use of incense can be found in the post-[[English Reformation|Reformation]] [[Church of England]]. Although the ceremonial use of incense was abandoned until the [[Oxford Movement]], it was common to have incense (typically [[frankincense]]) burned before grand occasions, when the church would be crowded. The frankincense was carried by a member of the [[vestry]] before the service in a vessel called a 'perfuming pan'. In iconography of the day, this vessel is shown to be elongated and flat, with a single long handle on one side. The perfuming pan was used instead of the [[thurible]], as the latter would have likely offended the Protestant sensibilities of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Incense is also often used by people who smoke indoors and do not want the smell to linger.

[[Papier d'Arménie]] was originally sold as a disinfectant as well as for the fragrance.

==== Time-keeper ====

The regular burning of direct-burning incense has been used for chronological measurement in [[incense clock]]s. These devices can range from a simple trail of incense material calibrated to burn in a specific time period, to elaborate and ornate instruments with bells or gongs, designed to involve multiple senses.<ref name="SB">{{cite web |url=https://naturalscents.net/incense/time-measurement-with-incense-in-japan-51 |title=Time Measurement With Incense in Japan |author=Silvio A. Bedini|date=2 November 2021 }}</ref>

Incense clocks are used to time social, medical and religious practices in parts of eastern Asia. They are primarily used in Buddhism as a timer of meditation and prayer. Different types of incense burn at different rates; therefore, different incense are used for different practices. The duration of burning ranges from minutes to months.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

==== Insect repellent ====
Incense made from materials such as [[Cymbopogon|citronella]] can repel mosquitoes and other irritating, distracting, or pestilential insects. This use has been deployed in concert with religious uses by [[Zen|Zen Buddhists]], who claim that the incense that is part of their meditative practice is designed to keep bothersome insects from distracting the practitioner.

===Aesthetic===
Many people burn incense primarily to appreciate its smell. An example is the {{Nihongo||香道|[[Japanese incense#Kōdō|kōdō]]}}, where raw incense materials such as agarwood are appreciated in a formal setting.

===Religious===
{{main|Religious use of incense}}

[[File:Chinese temple incence burner.jpg|thumb|upright|Incense burning at a temple in [[Taipei]], Taiwan]]
Religious use of incense is prevalent in many cultures and may have roots in the practical and aesthetic uses, considering that many of these religions have little else in common.{{cn|date=April 2023}} One common motif is incense as a form of sacrificial offering to a [[deity]]. Such use was common in Judaic worship<ref name="smellsbells.com"/> and remains in use for example in the Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican churches, Taoist and Buddhist Chinese {{lang|zh-Latn|[[jingxiang|jìngxiāng]]}} ({{lang|zh|敬香}}, 'offer incense [to ancestors/gods]'), etc. Different cultures have associated rising sweet-smelling smoke with [[prayer]] - communication directed towards a deity on high.<ref>
{{cite book
|author1 = Holly Crawford Pickett
|editor1 = Jane Hwang Degenhardt
|editor-last2 = Williamson
|editor-first2 = Elizabeth
|date = 8 April 2016
|orig-date = 2011
|chapter = The Idolatrous Nose: Incense on the Early Modern Stage
|title = Religion and Drama in Early Modern England: The Performance of Religion on the Renaissance Stage
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JY_tCwAAQBAJ
|publication-place = London
|publisher = Routledge
|page = 37
|isbn = 9781317068112
|access-date = 16 April 2023
|quote = [...] the metaphor most often associated with incense in the Bible and early modern sermons is prayer, an invisible, sometimes private, and often silent communication with the divine.
}}
</ref>

===Aphrodisiac===
Incense has been used as an aphrodisiac in some cultures. Both ancient Greek and ancient Egyptian mythology suggest the usage of incense by goddesses and nymphs. Incense is thought to heighten sexual desires and sexual attraction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://taodewan.com/benefits-of-burning-incense/ |title=10 Physical and Psychological Benefits Of Burning Incense |website=Tao de Wan |last=Sanchez |first=David M. |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=2019-02-12}}</ref> {{unreliable source?|date=December 2022}}

==Health risks from incense smoke==
Incense smoke contains various contaminants including gaseous pollutants, such as [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[nitrogen oxide]]s ({{Chem|NO|x}}), [[sulfur oxide]]s ({{Chem|SO|x}}), [[volatile organic compounds]] (VOCs), and adsorbed toxic pollutants ([[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]] and [[toxic metal]]s). The solid particles range between around {{convert|10| and(-)|500|nm|sigfig=1|abbr=off}}. In a comparison, Indian sandalwood was found to have the highest emission rate, followed by Japanese [[agarwood|aloeswood]], then Taiwanese [[aloeswood]], while Chinese smokeless sandalwood had the least.<ref name="siao">{{cite journal |author=Siao Wei See |title=Physical characteristics of nanoparticles emitted from incense smoke |journal=Science and Technology of Advanced Materials |volume=8 |issue=1–2 |year=2007 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.1016/j.stam.2006.11.016 |author2=Rajasekhar Balasubramanian |author3=Umid Man Joshi |bibcode=2007STAdM...8...25S|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Research carried out in [[Taiwan]] in 2001 linked the burning of incense sticks to the slow accumulation of potential [[carcinogen]]s in a poorly ventilated environment by measuring the levels of [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]s (including [[benzopyrene]]) within Buddhist temples. The study found gaseous [[aliphatic compound|aliphatic]] [[aldehyde]]s, which are carcinogenic and mutagenic, in incense smoke.<ref>{{Cite journal |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=374–381 |vauthors=Lin JM, Wang LH |title=Gaseous aliphatic aldehydes in Chinese incense smoke |journal=Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |date=September 1994 |pmid=7919714 |doi=10.1007/bf00197229 |bibcode=1994BuECT..53..374L |s2cid=33588092 |url=http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/160931/1/11.pdf |access-date=2022-03-03 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324014433/http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/160931/1/11.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1995, epidemiologists at the Hong Kong Anti-Cancer Society, Aichi Cancer Center in Nagoya, and several other centers wrote: "No association was found between exposure to incense burning and respiratory symptoms like chronic cough, chronic sputum, chronic bronchitis, runny nose, wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or pneumonia among the three populations studied: i.e. primary school children, their non-smoking mothers, or a group of older non-smoking female controls. Incense burning did not affect lung cancer risk among non-smokers, but it significantly reduced risk among smokers, even after adjusting for lifetime smoking amount." However, the researchers qualified their findings by noting that incense burning in the studied population was associated with certain low-cancer-risk dietary habits, and concluded that "diet can be a significant confounder of epidemiological studies on air pollution and respiratory health."<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Koo, Linda C. |author2=Ho, J.H-C. |author3=Tominaga, Suketami |author4=Matsushita, Hidetsuru |author5=Matsuki, Hideaki |author6=Shimizu, Hiroyuki |author7=Mori, Toru |date=1995-11-01 |title=Is Chinese Incense Smoke Hazardous to Respiratory Health?: Epidemiological Results from Hong Kong |journal=Indoor and Built Environment |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=334–343 |doi=10.1177/1420326X9500400604 |s2cid=73146243}}</ref>

Although several studies have not shown a link between incense and [[lung cancer]],{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} other types of cancer have been directly linked to burning incense. A study published in 2008 in the medical journal ''[[Cancer (journal)|Cancer]]'' found that incense use is associated with a statistically significant higher risk of cancers of the [[upper respiratory tract]], with the exception of [[nasopharyngeal cancer]]. Those who used incense heavily also were 80% more likely to develop [[squamous-cell carcinoma]]s. The link between incense use and increased cancer risk held when the researchers weighed other factors, including cigarette smoking, diet and drinking habits. The research team noted that "This association is consistent with a large number of studies identifying carcinogens in incense smoke, and given the widespread and sometimes involuntary exposure to smoke from burning incense, these findings carry significant public health implications."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-incense-cancers-idUSPAT56944620080825 |title=Burning incense linked to respiratory cancers |work=Reuters |date=2008-08-25 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>

In 2015, the South China University of Technology found toxicity of incense to Chinese hamsters' ovarian cells to be even higher than cigarettes.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10311-015-0521-7 |volume=13 |issue=4 |title=Higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of burning incense than cigarette |journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters |pages=465–471 |year=2015 |last1=Zhou |first1=R. |last2=An |first2=Q. |last3=Pan |first3=X. W. |last4=Yang |first4=B. |last5=Hu |first5=J. |last6=Wang |first6=Y. H. |bibcode=2015EnvCL..13..465Z |s2cid=93495393}}</ref> Incensole acetate, a component of [[frankincense]], has been shown to have anxiolytic-like and antidepressive-like effects in mice, mediated by activation of poorly-understood [[TRPV3]] ion channels in the brain.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Moussaieff A, Rimmerman N, Bregman T|display-authors=etal |title=Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psychoactivity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain |journal=FASEB J. |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=3024–34 |date=August 2008 |pmid=18492727 |pmc=2493463 |doi=10.1096/fj.07-101865|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col}}
*[[Incense trade route]]
*[[Kyphi]]
*''[[Kōbako]]''
*[[Japanese incense#Kōdō|Kōdō]], incense arts
*[[Silk Road]]
*[[Smudging]]
*[[Votive candle]]
*[[Bursera graveolens|Palo santo]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[Silvio Bedini|Silvio A. Bedini]]. (1994). "The Trail of Time: Time Measurement with Incense in East Asia". ''[[Cambridge University Press]]''. {{ISBN|0-521-37482-0}}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}
* "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzL_kgSFgKU Joss Stick-Making Demonstration]" – [[George Town World Heritage Incorporated]], Penang, Malaysia
*"[https://www.roots.gov.sg/en/ich-landing/ich/making-of-joss-sticks Making of Joss Sticks]". ''Roots''. [[National Heritage Board (Singapore)|National Heritage Board of Singapore]]
*[https://oudgo.com/product-category/agarwood-chips/ Agarwood Chips]
*[https://www.buddhafiguren.de/Movies/incense-production_Movie.html Movie about making Tibetan Incense in Nepal]

{{Transient receptor potential channel modulators}}
{{Lutheran Divine Service}}

[[Category:Incense| ]]

Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Lyricist Award (Hindi)

2026-02-18T16:58:25Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
Here is a list of the recipients of the Best Lyricist Award (Hindi) given by [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Bengal Film Journalists' Association]] and the films for which they won.

{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Year || Singer || Film
|-
| 2007 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2006 ||
|-
| 2005 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2004 ||
|-
| 2003 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2002 ||
|-
| 2001 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2000 ||
|-
| 1999 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1998 || ||
|-
| 1997 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1996 ||
|-
| 1995 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1994 || ||
|-
| 1993 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1992 || [[Gulzar]] || [[Lekin]]
|-
| 1991 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1990 || ||
|-
| 1989 || [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]] || [[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1988 || [[Hasan Kamal]] || [[Awam (film)|Awam]]
|-
| 1987 || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Naache Mayuri]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1986 || [[Javed Akhtar]] || [[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]
|-
| 1985 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1984 || ||
|-
| 1983 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1982 || ||
|-
| 1981 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1980 || ||
|-
| 1979 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1978 || ||
|-
| 1977 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1976 || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Julie (1975 film)|Julie]]
|-
| 1975 || [[M. G. Hashmat]] || [[Kora Kagaz]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197235.htm?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C1328874186 |title=STL News | World News | Breaking News | Latest News | Today News |website=www.bfjaawards.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422071853/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197235.htm?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C1328874186 |archive-date=22 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1974 || ||
|-
| 1973 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1972 || [[Hasrat Jaipuri]] || [[Andaz (1971 film)|Andaz]]
|-
| 1971 || [[Neeraj]] || [[Prem Pujari]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197134.htm?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C3510523608 |title=STL News | World News | Breaking News | Latest News | Today News |website=www.bfjaawards.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421212747/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197134.htm?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C3510523608 |archive-date=21 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1970 ||
|-
| 1969 ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1968 || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Milan]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1967 || [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || [[Teesri Kasam]]
|-
| 1966 ||
|-
| 1965 || Sardar Jafri || Shehar Aur Sapna
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1964 || Shakeel Badayuni || Mere Mehboob
|-
| 1963 || [[Hasrat Jaipuri]] [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] || [[Professor (1962 film)|Professor]]
|-
| 1962 || Shakeel Badayuni || Ganga Jumna
|-
| 1961 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1960 || ||
|-
| 1959 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1958 || ||
|-
| 1957 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1956 || ||
|-
| 1955 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1954 || ||
|-
| 1953 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1952 || ||
|-
| 1951 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1950 || ||
|-
| 1949 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1948 || ||
|-
| 1947 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1946 || Gopal Singh || Mazdoor
|-
| 1945 || Narendra Sharma || Hamari Baat
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1944 || ||
|-
|1943 || ||
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 1942 || ||
|}

==See also==

* [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080229010408/http://www.bfjaawards.com/

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengal Film Journalists' Association - Best Lyricist Award (Hindi)}}
[[Category:Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Best Lyricist]]

Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV series)

2026-01-29T17:46:17Z

MonroeDunning09: made first details v1

{{For|the Bollywood film of the same name|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| producer = Nirja Guleri
| director = Shrey Guleri
| cinematography = Lokesh Bhalla
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| theme_music_composer = Bittu Merchant
| company = Prime Channel
| executive_producer = Sahil Guleri
| genre = Sitcom
| creator = Nirja Guleri
| writer = Shrey Guleri
| starring = [[Sudhir Pandey]] [[Tushar Dalvi]] [[Jiten Lalwani]] Dharmesh Vyas [[Upasana Singh]] Shital Shah [[Bhavana Balsavar]] Hardik Gujjar Pallak Razdan
| opentheme = "Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani" by [[Udit Narayan]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2003|10|10}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2006|4}}
| network = [[DD National]]
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 408
}}

'''''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani''''' (Translation: ''Yet The Heart Is Indian'') is an Indian television [[patriotic]] [[sitcom]] that premiered on [[DD National]] on 10 October 2003 and ran for two seasons from 2003 to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/show-me-the-money/articleshow/15655318.cms|title=''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'': A Hit Serial on DD|work=Mumbai Mirror, The Times of India, Updated: Nov 18, 2006.}}</ref> ''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' was created by Nirja Guleri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-coffee-table-book-the-trailblazers/|title=NIRJA GULERI: The Queen of Fantasy.|work=ITA Trailblazer: tale of the ita, p.128.|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924060432/http://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-coffee-table-book-the-trailblazers/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Blast-from-the-past-Big-stars-on-small-04072017101040|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154309/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Blast-from-the-past-Big-stars-on-small-04072017101040|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2018|title=IRRFAN IN CHANDRAKANTA: Directed by Nirja Guleri, the first woman in the country to direct a television series on such a grand scale|work=The Times of India, July 04, 2017.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040411/herworld.htm|title=Nirja Guleri: The Trendsetter of ''Saas-Bahu'' serials on Indian Television|work=The Tribune, April 11, 2004}}</ref> The series was written and directed by Shrey Guleri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|title=Shrey Guleri: The Director of the Year|work=The Indian Telly Awards 2004|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' chronicles the family of Bharat Bhushan, a perfect patriot. Bharat’s (Translation: ''India's'') family includes his three sons – Om, Jai, and Jagdish, his three daughters-in-law – Ganga, Jamuna, Saraswati and his four grandchildren – Ram, Shyam, Munna and Munni, all of whom live in a house named Bharat Niwas (Translation: ''India House'') and personify the multi – cultural diversity of India.

''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'' featured an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Upasana Singh]], [[Bhavana Balsavar]], [[Sudhir Pandey]], [[Tushar Dalvi]] and [[Aashish Kaul]]. Notable stars outside the main cast include [[Jay Bhanushali]], [[Sumeet Raghavan]], [[Swapnil Joshi]], [[Arjun (Firoz Khan)]], Naveen Bawa, [[Vishal Singh (actor, born 1974)|Vishal Singh]], [[Muskaan Mihani]], [[Lilliput (actor)|Lilliput]], [[Krutika Desai Khan|Krutika Desai]] and the veteran [[Kamini Kaushal]].

== Premise ==
''Bharat Niwas'' (Translation: ''India House'') is a home that is the epitome of the ethos and culture of India. ''Bharat Bhushan'', the patriarch of the family, is the perfect patriot who believes more in what you can do for your country rather than what the country can do for you. His family, consisting of his three sons (''Om, Jai and Jagdish''), three daughters-in-law (''Ganga, Jamuna and Saraswati'') and four grandchildren (''Ram, Shyam, Munna and Munni''), personifies the multi-cultural diversity of India with divergent views on issues relating to the society and the nation. Here lies the eternal conflict in ''Bharat Niwas'' – the embodiment of India!

The narrative stands the test of time as the issues are universally relevant and will continue to resonate with viewers for all time to come. Episodes are packed with super-sized laughs, heart-warming moments, drama, romance, action and most importantly, the sublime feeling of pride in being an Indian! The show imparts ''food-for-thought'' and inspires the viewer to become a catalyst for change, nationwide.

== Cast ==
===Main===
* [[Sudhir Pandey]] as Bharat
* [[Tushar Dalvi]] as Om
* [[Jiten Lalwani]] as Jai
* Dharmesh Vyas / [[Aashish Kaul]] as Jagdish
* [[Upasana Singh]] as Ganga
* Sheetal Shah as Jamuna
* [[Bhavana Balsavar]] as Saraswati
* Mickey Dhamejani as Ram
* Mickey Dhamejani as Shyam
* Hardik Gujjar as Munna
* Pallak Razdan as Munni
* [[Suhasi Dhami|Suhasi Goradia]] as Anjali (Season 2)
* [[Vishal Kotian]] as Various Characters (Season 2)

==Series overview==
{{Expand section|date=May 2021}}
{{Series overview
| color1 = #D09916
| episodes1 =
| start1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2003|10|10}}
| end1 =

| color2 = #072354
| episodes2 =
| start2 = 2005
| end2 = April 2006
}}

===Season 1===
The First Season was named as '''Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani'''.

===Season 2===
The Second Season was named as '''Dil Hai Phir Bhi Hindustani'''.

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi comedy shows]]
* [[List of programs broadcast by DD National]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0401050|Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (TV Series)}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/pbdhhtrpreprt|title=TRP Rating}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:2003 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2006 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama television series]]

70th Armoured Regiment (India)

2026-01-16T07:03:55Z

MonroeDunning09: quick refine references per sources also and corrected details per standard format

{{Short description|Indian Army regiment}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=70th Armoured Regiment
|image=[[File:70 Armoured Regiment.svg|250px]]
|caption=Cap Badge of 70th Armoured Regiment
|dates= 1968 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Armoured Corps]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment= [[T-90]]

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders= Lieutenant General Devendra Sharma<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.2025-12-27.268912/|title=Gazette of India, No 52|date=2025-12-27|access-date=2026-01-16}}</ref>
|identification_symbol=70 Armd Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=
|patron=
|motto= करके रहेंगे ''Karke Rahenge'' (We shall do it)
|colors= Black and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}

'''70 Armoured Regiment''' is an armoured regiment of the [[Indian Army]].

== Formation ==
The regiment was raised on February 11, 1968 at [[Ahmednagar]] by Lieutenant Colonel (later Brigadier) R Christian as '''70 Guided Missile Regiment'''. Brigadier AN Jatar, MVC, AVSM was the first Colonel Commandant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1968/O-1536-1968-0018-68854.pdf|title= Gazette of India No 18|date=1968-05-04|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref>

It was the first anti-tank guided missile regiment of the Indian Army. It also has the distinction of being the first armoured regiment with a “mixed class” composition, drawing troops from various castes and religions.

==Equipment==
At the time of raising, the Regiment was equipped with the [[Nord SS.11|SS11B1]] anti-tank missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/units.html|title=Bharat Rakshak Army Unit|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> In 1975, the Regiment handed over its missile equipment, along with some officers and other ranks to 15 Guards and was reorganised as a tank regiment and was equipped with [[T-54/T-55|T-55]] tanks. It converted to MBT [[T-90]] in 2010.
[[File:T-90 republic day.jpg|thumb|350x350px|T-90 tanks of 70 Armoured Regiment during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade, 2011|alt=|right]]

==Operations==
;[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]: The regiment took part in the 1971 Indo-Pak war on the western front. Sub-units of the Regiment saw action in [[Jaisalmer]]/ [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Sri Ganganagar|Ganganagar]] and [[Fazilka]] sectors.<ref name="Gill 2003">{{cite book|last=Gill|first=JH|title=An Atlas Of 1971 India Pakistan War - Creation of Bangladesh|date=2003|publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies|page=87-89}}</ref> It achieved its first tank kill on the Sabuna drain in the Fazilka sector on December 7, 1971.<ref name=" Chandar 2018">{{cite book|last= Chandar|first= Col Y Udaya|title= Independent India's All the Seven Wars|date=2018|publisher= Notion Press|isbn= 978-1948473217}}</ref> Dafadar Uttam Singh was awarded the [[Sena Medal]] for his bravery in the Fazilka sector.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1974/O-1253-1974-0026-55507.pdf|title= Gazette of India No 26|date=1974-06-29|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref>

The Regiment was presented the President's Standard on 27 November 2011 by the then President of India Mrs [[Prathiba Patil]]. 70 Armoured Regiment along with four other Armoured Regiments of the [[1st Armoured Division (India)|1 Armoured Division]] got their colours in [[Patiala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidential-standards-conferred-on-five-armoured-regiments/article2666026.ece|title=Presidential Standards conferred on five armoured regiments in 'The Hindu'|date=2011-11-28|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111128/main5.htm|title='Prez honours 5 armoured corps regiments' in 'The Tribune'|date=2011-11-28|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2011/dec16-11/h7.htm|title='President's Standards Rare Recognition' in 'Sainik Samachar'|date=2011-12-16|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref>

==Regimental Insignia==
The regiment has a unique cap badge for an armoured unit - it consists of a [[Nord SS.11|SS11B1]] anti-tank missile with the numeral "70" inscribed over it. The Regiment chose Black and Red as its colours, signifying 'Death (Black) to the Enemy, at any cost (Red)'. The motto of the Regiment is करके रहेंगे ''Karke Rahenge'' (We shall do it).

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Army Armoured Corps |state=expanded}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1968]]
[[Category:Armoured and cavalry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]

Kalamandalam Gangadharan

2026-01-12T04:23:50Z

MonroeDunning09: new a post first draft!

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Kalamandalam Gangadharan
| image = Shri Kalamandalam Gangadharan Nair.jpg
| caption = Kalamandalam Gangadharan
| image_size =
| birth_name = Gangadharan
| birth_date = 26 June 1936
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2015|04|25|1936|06|26}}
| alias =
| origin =
| instrument =
| genre = [[Kathakali]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}
'''Kalamandalam Gangadhran''' (26 June 1936 – 26 April 2015) was a [[Kathakali]] musician from [[Kerala]]. His unique tenor and accent has earned him a large audience both within and outside Kerala. He was the most prominent disciple of Kalamandalam Neelakandan Nambeesan, and the Master of the many later generations of Kathakali Musicians. He was a visiting professor at Margi, an organization dedicated to the revival of Kathakali and [[Koodiyattam|Kutiyattom]], two classical art forms of Kerala. In 2006, he was honoured by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]].<ref name="SNA Awardees' List"/> ''Aasan'' is a documentary film made on the musical life of the Kathakali of Kalamandalam Gangadhran directed by Ratheesh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2016/feb/18/documentaries-on-kathakali-maestros-893899.html | title=Documentaries on Kathakali Maestros }}</ref>

==Education and later life==
After completing the basics of [[Carnatic music]], he joined [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] at the age of 17.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He started teaching at Kerala Kalamandalam immediately after finishing his courses. Kalamandalam Gangadharan was among the first students who completed the course of Kathakali music from Kalamandalam.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He was also trained under the great Kathakali musician Mundaya Venkita Krishna Bhagavathar for three months. Soon after, at 24, he became a teacher at his alma mater. In 1991, he retired from [[kalamandalam]] as its vice principal. He was nicknamed as ''Asan'' (meaning 'The master') by his students and followers.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

During his lifetime, he performed and showcased many [[kathakali]] presentations all over Kerala, and many foreign countries including Japan, America, Australia, China, [[Fiji]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Iran]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

== Awards ==

In 2006, Kalamandalam Gandharan received the prestigious [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Sangeet Natak Academy Award]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA: Awardeeslist:: |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in |access-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=30 May 2015 }}</ref> from the then-[[President of India]], [[A.P.J.Abdul Kalam]]. He has received the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (1998),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/kathakali-a-ksna/468|title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Kathakali|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref> Kalamandalam award, Guruvayoorappan award and many other awards. His unique tenor and accent has earned him a large fan base in and outside Kerala. He has served as a visiting professor at Margi.<ref name="SNA Awardees' List">{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA Awardees' List |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |year=2016 |accessdate=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=30 May 2015 }}</ref>

== Death ==
Shri Kalamandalam Gangaharan died on 26 April 2015 at a private hospital in Kollam. He had been ailing for sometime. In the presence of hundreds of people, he was cremated with full state honours in the compound of his house.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamandalam-gangadharan-cremated/article7149169.ece|title=Kalamandalam Gangadharan cremated | newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 April 2015 | accessdate=27 October 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3yPUm-JKnX84v9I362aGGQ Youtube Channel]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yhccE2mMRM Documentary on Kalamandalam Gangadharan]
<ref name="cyberkerala">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberkerala.com/kathakali/artists/gangadharan.htm|title=Kathakali Artists – Kalamandalam Gangadharan|author=CyberNet Communications Kerala|publisher=cyberkerala.com|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="narthaki">{{cite web|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/profiles/profil62.html|title=Profiles – Kalamandalam Gangadharan – Vaidyanathan|author=Sumathi, Saigan Connection|publisher=narthaki.com|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="kalamandalam">{{cite web|url=http://kalamandalam.org/fellowship.asp|title=kerala kalamandalam|publisher=kalamandalam.org|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="youtube">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmV0WxSnuno|title=vijane batha – Kalamandalam Gangadharan & Venmani Haridas (1968) – YouTube|via=YouTube|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="theatrefutures">{{cite web|url=http://theatrefutures.org.uk/kathakali/collection-overview/b-kathakali-plays/|title=B – Kathakali Plays | Kathakali Collection|publisher=theatrefutures.org.uk|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="youtube2">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHrgr9Kx8kM|title='Salajjoham...' Raga Sankarabharanam, Kalamandalam Gangadharan & Kottakkal Narayanan – YouTube|via=YouTube|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>

{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gangadharan, Kalamandalam}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Suguna Varadachari

2025-12-25T23:45:05Z

MonroeDunning09: done

{{short description|Indian Carnatic vocalist}}
{{Indian name|Suguna|Varadachari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Suguna Varadachari
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|12|20}}
| birth_place = [[Dharapuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Singer, music teacher
| parents =
| spouse =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| background = solo singer
| genre = [[Carnatic music]]
| instrument = Vocals, [[Veena]]
| label =
}}
| website =
|years_active =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] Sangita Kala Acharya
}}
'''Suguna Varadachari''' is a [[Carnatic music|Carnatic vocalist]] and Carnatic music teacher from [[Tamil Nadu]], India. She is also a [[Veena]] artist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-09|title=The gems of south India: This year's Sangeet Natak Akademi awardees|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gems-south-india-years-sangeet-natak-akademi-awardees-51091|access-date=2022-02-06|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> She received several awards including Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and Sangita Kala Acharya Award by Madras Music Academy.

==Life and career==
Suguna Varadachari was born on 20 December 1945, in [[Dharapuram]] in present-day [[Thirupur district]] of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="SNA"/> She first studied Carnatic music under P.K. Rajagopala Iyer. Suguna passed ''Sangita Vidwan'' course at the Central College of Carnatic Music, Chennai, and later received advanced training from [[Musiri Subramania Iyer]] with the Government of India Cultural Scholarship, in 1967.<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite news|last=Srikanth|first=Venkatesan|date=2015-04-09|title='Concert singing was a revered thing those days'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/concert-singing-was-a-revered-thing-those-days/article7085354.ece|access-date=2022-02-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Suguna, an A-Top artist in [[All India Radio]], Chennai, who has performed in many programs of AIR and was a Carnatic music teacher in the series ''Isai Payirchi'', has also sung in many recordings for the AIR Archives. She has participated in numerous national and international seminars and presented numerous lectures on music.<ref name="SNA"/> Her notable recordings include ''Melodies of Musiri'', ''Adarsha'', ''Sri Venkatesha'' and Compositions of [[Dandapani Desikar]].<ref name="SNA"/>

From 1984 to 2004, Suguna worked as faculty at [[University of Madras]].<ref name="SNA"/> She held several other positions including board member of the Central University of Performing Arts, Chennai and expert committee member of the [[Madras Music Academy]], Chennai.<ref name="SNA"/> In 2011, she was awarded the title Sangeet Kala Acharya. Her disciples include V. Bharath Kumar, [[Brindha Manickavasakan]], Aishwarya Shankar, Vidya Kalyanaraman, and Aravind Sundar (Chicago).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/k-gayatri-and-aishwarya-shankar-present-a-unique-jamming-session/article65557105.ece | title=Four young Carnatic musicians present a unique Pallavi session | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 June 2022 | last1=Revathi | first1=R. }}</ref>

==Personal life==
She lives in [[Raja Annamalaipuram]] in [[Chennai]].She has two sons and her grandson is a Carnatic vocal singer<ref>{{Cite web|last=MyTimes|first=Team|title=Akademi award for Carnatic music guru Suguna Varadachari|url=https://www.mylaporetimes.com/2016/04/akademi-award-for-carnatic-music-guru-suguna-varadachari/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=MYLAPORE TIMES|date=25 April 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
*Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2015<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web|title=Suguna varadachari|url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Suguna_Varadachari.pdf|publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]}}</ref>
*Kalajyoti by Suswaraa 2007<ref name="SNA"/>
*Acharya Ratnakara Award 2011 at the Cleveland Tyagaraja Festival<ref name="SNA"/>
*Sangita Kala Acharya Award 2011 by Music Academy, Chennai<ref name="SNA"/>
*Sangeet Pracharya Award 2014 by Shanmukhananda Fine Arts, [[Mumbai]]<ref name="SNA"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suguna, Varadachari}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tiruppur district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Singers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]

Hemidactylus giganteus

2025-12-16T04:00:47Z

MonroeDunning09: new the post and citations!

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Hemidactylus giganteus.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |date=2013 |title=''Hemidactylus giganteus'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T172701A1369660 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172701A1369660.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Hemidactylus
| species = giganteus
| authority = [[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka]], 1871
}}

'''''Hemidactylus giganteus''''', also known as the '''giant leaf-toed gecko''', the '''giant southern tree gecko''', or the '''giant gecko''', is a species of [[gecko]] [[endemic]] to [[India]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref>{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=giganteus}}</ref>

==Description==
Snout longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, 1.5 times the diameter of the orbit; forehead concave; ear-opening rather large, suboval, vertical. Body and limbs stout. Digits free, inner well developed, strongly dilated; with straight transverse lamella beneath; 11 or 12 under the inner digits, 13 to 15 under the median. Upper surfaces covered with uniform small granular scales, somewhat larger on the snout, smallest on the hinder part of the head. Rostral quadrangular, not quite twice as broad as deep; nostril pierced between the rostral and three nasals;12 to 15 upper and 11 to 13 lower labials; mental large, pentagonal; two pairs of chin-shields, the inner the larger. Abdominal scales rather small, cycloid, imbricate. Male with a series of femoral pores interrupted mesially; 19 to 22 pores on each side. Tail without large tubercles. Olive-grey above, with irregular dark, pale-edged marks in imperfect circles, tending to form, or forming, 4 or 5 transverse undulating bands on the body; below uniform white.
From snout to vent 4.8 inches.

==Distribution==
Godavari Valley and Malabar. Found on trees, mainly near water sources. found in northern Andhra pradesh, India.
Type locality: near Badhrachalam, Godavari Valley

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Boulenger, G.A. 1885 Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp.
* Giri, V., Bauer, A.M., and Chaturvedi, N. 2003 Notes on the distribution, natural history, and variation of ''Hemidactylus giganteus'' Stoliczka. Hamadryad 27: 217–221.
* Stoliczka, F. 1871 Notes on new or little-known Indian lizards. Proc. asiat. Soc. Bengal (Calcutta) 1871: 192-195

==External links==
* http://www.uroplatus.com/photopage/images/Hemidactylus%20giganteus%2001.jpg

{{Taxonbar|from=Q288589}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemidactylus Giganteus}}
[[Category:Hemidactylus|Giga]]
[[Category:Lizards of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand Stoliczka]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1871]]

{{Hemidactylus-stub}}

List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Tamil

2025-12-11T06:51:01Z

MonroeDunning09: Added new entry

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
'''Sahitya Akademi Translation Prizes''' are given each year to writers for their outstanding translations work in the 24 languages, since 1989.<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in"/>

==Recipients==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Sahitya Akademi translation prizes]] for their works written in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. The award, as of 2019, consisted of {{INR}}50,000.<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/sahitya_akademi_prize.jsp|title=..:: Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation ::..|website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Translator
! Title of the translation
! Original Title
! Original Language
! Genre
! Original Author
! class=unsortable|References
|-
| 1989 || M.G. Jagannatharaja || Aamukta Malyada || [[Amuktamalyada]]|| Telugu || Poetic Prose || [[Krishnadevaraya]]||
|-
| 1990 || T. B. Siddalingaiah || Mannum Manitharum || [[Marali Mannige]]|| Kannada || Novel || [[Shivaram Karanth]]||
|-
| 1991 || K. S. Srinivasacharya || Yayathi|| Yayathi|| Marathi || Novel || [[Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar|V. S. Khandekar]]||
|-
| 1992 || K. Venkatachalam || Mouna Olam || Vaisakha|| Kannada || Novel || [[Chaduranga]]||
|-
|1993 || Saraswathi Ramnath || Indhiya Mozhi Natakangal || Collection || Different languages || Collection || Various authors ||
|-
|1994 || Kurinjivelan || Vishakanni || Visha Kanya || Malayalam || Novel || [[S. K. Pottekkatt]] ||
|-
| 1995 || P. Bhanumathi ||Meethi Charithram || Baaki Itihas || Bengali || Play || Badal Sircar||
|-
| 1996 || T. S. Raju ||Mangiyathor Nilavinile || ''Adh Chanini Raat'' || Punjabi || Novel || [[Gurdial Singh]]||
|-
| 1997 || T. S. Sadasivam ||Chandragiri Attrangaraiyil || Chandragiriya Threeradalli || Kannada || Novel || Sara Abubakkar ||
|-
| 1998 || [[Rudra. Thulasidas]] (A) Ilambharati || Mayyazhi Karaiyoram || Mayazipuzhaiyade Theerangalil|| Malayalam || Novel || [[M. Mukundan]]||
|-
| 1999 || Tamilnadan || Ezhu Cartoonugalum Oru Vanna Oviyamum || Collection || Oria || Short stories || Hrushikesh Panda||
|-
|2000 || [[Sirpi Balasubramaniam]] || Agnisakshi || [[Agnisakshi (novel)|Agnisakshi]] || Malayalam || Novel || [[Lalithambika Antharjanam]] ||
|-
| 2001 || Lakshmi Narayan Sona Ropa Warq || Enathu Ninaivalaikal || Muhinji Hayati-a-Ja Hiranandani|| Sindhi || Autobiography || Popati R.||
|-
| 2002 || [[H. Balasubramaniam]] || Phaniswaranath Renu Kathaikal || Phaniswaranath Renu Ki Shreshtha Kahaniyan || Hindi || Short stories || [[Phanishwar Nath Renu]] ||
|-
| 2003 || [[Neela Padmanabhan]] || Ayyappa Panikkarin Kavithaigal || Ayyappa Panikkerude Krithikal || Malayalam || Poetry || [[Ayyappa Paniker]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=NEELA PADMANABHAN, A WRITER NON-PAREIL|url=http://www.neelapadmanabhan.com/AboutTheAuthor.html|work=Neela Padmanabhan|accessdate=18 June 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || Paavannan || Paruvam || [[Parva (novel)|Parva]]|| Kannada || Novel || [[S. L. Bhyrappa]]||
|-
| 2005 ||Pa. Krishnaswamy
| Chidambara Rahasiyam || [[Chidambara Rahasya]]|| Kannada || Novel || [[Poornachandra Tejaswi]]||
|-
|2006 || [[Puviarasu]] || Puratchikaran || Selection || Bengali || Poetry || [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] || <ref>{{cite news|title= 'Younger generation has social consciousness but no pace' |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/11/stories/2010011154380500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115164853/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/11/stories/2010011154380500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 January 2010|access-date=13 June 2010|newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |date=11 January 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || A.I. Ravi Armugam || Savitir: Idayathai Allum Irava Kaaviyam (2 Vols.) || Savitri|| English || Poetry || [[Sri Aurobindo]] ||
|-
| 2008 || Pa. Anandakumar || lyandiram || Yantram || Malayalam || Novel || Malayattur Ramakrishnan ||
|-
| 2009 || [[Bhuvana Natarajan]] || Muthal Sabatham || [[Prothom Protishruti]] || Bengali || Novel || [[Ashapurna Devi]] || <ref name="hindu">{{cite news |work=The Hindu |title= Grand culmination |date=19 March 2010 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Grand-culmination/article15693608.ece |accessdate=2018-03-02}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || Nirmaiya || Umar: Sengol Illamal Kreedam Illamal || Chenkol Illathe Kreedam Illathe || Malayalam || Novel || [[Nooranad Haneef]] ||
|-
| 2011 || lndiran || Paravaigal Oruvelai Thoongi Poyierukkalam || Thare Khali Daki Dela || Oria || Play || Manorama Biswal Mahapatra || <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120216/punjab.htm#13 |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || [[G. Nanjundan]] || Akkaa || Akkaa || Kannada || Short stories || Various Kannada Women Writers || <ref name=a>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sahitya-akademi-award-winner-g-nanjundan-found-dead-bengaluru-residenc-114564
|title=Sahitya Akademi award winner G Nanjundan found dead at Bengaluru residence
|date=22 December 2019|website=The News Minute|accessdate=23 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/sahitya-akademi-awardee-g-nanjundan-found-dead-in-bengaluru-apartment-6179811/
|title=Sahitya Akademi awardee G Nanjundan found dead in Bengaluru apartment
|date=22 December 2019|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=23 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-winner-dr-g-nanjundan-found-dead-in-bengaluru-house-2432955.html
|title=Sahitya Akademi Winner Dr G Nanjundan Found Dead in Bengaluru House
|accessdate=23 December 2019|website=News18|date=22 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || Iraiyadiyan (Dass) || Avadeshwari || Avadeshwari || Kannada || Novel || [[Shankar Mokashi Punekar]] || <ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/July-August_2014_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2013- News Letter|date= 22 August 2014|publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || S. Devadoss || Ladakkilirundu Kavizhum Nizhal || [[Shadow from Ladakh]] || English || Novel || [[Bhabani Bhattacharya]] || <ref name=":7">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2014- News Letter|date= 4 September 2015|publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || [[Gowri Kirubanandan]] || Meetchi || Vimuktha || Telugu || Short stories || [[P. Lalita Kumari|Volga]] || <ref name=":8">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2015.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2015|date= 15 February 2016|publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-556372-2016-02-15 |accessdate=3 October 2019 |agency=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Imphal hosts Sahitya Akademi Translation Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/imphal-hosts-sahitya-akademi-translation-award/ |accessdate=3 October 2019 |newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-116021501187_1.html |accessdate=3 July 2019 |agency=business-standard}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || [[Poornachandran]] || Poruppumikka Manitharkal || [[Serious Men]] || English || Novel || [[Manu Joseph]] || <ref name=":9">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2016.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2016|date= 20 April 2017|publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || Yuma Vasuki || Kacaakkin Itikaacam || [[Khasakkinte Itihasam]] || Malayalam || Novel || [[O. V. Vijayan]] || <ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Press_Release_(English)_SATA_2017.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2017|date= 21 December 2017|publisher=Sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || Colachel Mu. Yoosuf || Tirutan Maniyanpillai || Manian Pillaiyuda Athma Katha || Malayalam || Autobiography || [[G. R. Indugopan]]|| <ref name=":11">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp |title=AKADEMI TRANSLATION PRIZES (1989-2018) |website=Sahitya Akademi |accessdate=20 November 2019|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || K. V. Jeyasri || Nilam Poothu Malarntha Naal || ''Nilam Poothu Malarnna Naal''|| Malayalam || Novel || [[Manoj Kuroor]]|| <ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web |last1=Kolappan |first1=B. |title=Sahitya Akademi Award for translation goes to K.V. Jeyasri |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sahitya-akademi-award-for-translation-goes-to-kv-jeyasri/article30917422.ece |website=www.thehindu.com |access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Pressrelease_TP_2019_25_02_2020.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2020-02-24|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || K. Chellappan || Gora || [[Gora (novel)|Gora]] || Bengali || Novel || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/TP-2020-EWeb.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2020|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Maalan (V. Narayanan) || Oru Pinanthookkiyin Varalaatru Kurippugal || [[Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer]] || English || Novel || [[Cyrus Mistry (writer)|Cyrus Mistry]] || <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2021.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2021|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || K. Nallathambi || Yaad Vashem || Yaad Vashem || Kannada || Novel || Nemichandra || <ref name=":6A">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2022.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2022|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2023-07-03|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Kannaiyan Daksnamurthy || Karunkundram || The Black Hill || English || Novel || [[Mamang Dai]] || <ref>{{cite web |title=SAHITYA AKADEMI PRIZE FOR TRANSLATION 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2013527 |website=www.pib.gov.in |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil]]

==References==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp#TAMIL Akademi Translation Prizes For Tamil language]

{{Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize}}

[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]

Magh (Punjabi calendar)

2025-12-06T04:21:56Z

MonroeDunning09: added info.

{{Short description|Eleventh month of the Punjabi calendar}}
'''Māgh''' ([[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|{{nq|ماگھ}}}}; [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa| ਮਾਘ}}, {{IPA|pa|máːgᵊ}}) is the eleventh month<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=R. Hughes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkFDAAAAYAAJ&q=chait+chaitra&pg=PA616|title=Memoirs on Shikarpoor, the Syuds of Roree and Bakku, the Khyrpoor State ... Memoirs on the River Indus ...|date=1855|publisher=Government at Bombay Education Society's Press|language=en}}</ref> of the [[Punjabi calendar]] as well as the [[Nanakshahi calendar]], which governs the activities within [[Sikhism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Vinod K. |title=Calendars of India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2020 |isbn=9788120842762 |pages=34–35 |chapter=4.3 The Nanakshahi Calendar (Tropical-Solar) - Months of Nanakshahi Calendar}}</ref> The Nanakshahi solar month begins on January 13, after [[Poh]], and ends on February 12, being followed by [[Phaggan|Phagan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=Sep 13, 2011 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9781598842067 |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=J. Gordon |pages=162–163 |chapter=The Nanakshahi Calendar of the Sikhs |quote=}}</ref> The traditional Punjabi Bikrami lunisolar month begins on the day after the Poh full moon and ends on the Magh full moon.

This month coincides with [[Magha (month)|Magha]] in the [[Hindu calendar]] and the [[Indian national calendar]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nilsson|first=Usha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvUvAFCQWPoC&q=Chait+Chaitra&pg=PA68|title=Mira Bai (Rajasthani Poetess)|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0411-9|language=en}}</ref> and January and February in the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] and [[Julian calendar|Julian]] calendars and is 30 days long.

==Important events during this month==
===January===
*January 14 (1 Māgh) - The start of the month Magh
*January 31 (19 Māgh) - Birth of [[Guru Har Rai]] Ji

===February===
*February 11 (30 Māgh) - Birthday of [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh]] Ji
*February 12 (1 Phaggan) - The end of the month Magh and the start of [[Phaggan]]

=== Hindu Festivals Based on Lunar Dates ===

* Magh 4: [[Sankashti Chaturthi|Sakat Chauth/Bhugga]] (ਸਕਟ ਚੌਥ/ਭੁੱਗਾ) - A day of fasting dedicated to [[Ganesha]] and observed by mothers for their children. Special sweets made of ''til'' (sesame) and ''gur'' (jaggery) along with [[Pinni|''pinnis'']] which are round sweet balls made of wheat flour, [[ghee]], and sugar.
* Magh 20: Basant/Basant Panchami (ਬਸੰਤ/ਬਸੰਤ ਪੰਚਮੀ) - A festival dedicated to Goddess [[Saraswati]] commemorating the arrival of spring when people wear yellow to mirror the blooming mustard fields. After Saraswati Puja is performed in the morning and sweeted yellow rice is eaten as ''[[Prasada|parshad]]'', families fly kites for the remainder of the day.

=== Hindu Festivals Based on Solar Dates ===
The following festivals may fall in the month of Poh or Magh:

* January 13: [[Lohri]] (ਲੋਹੜੀ) - A bonfire festival celebrated on the eve of Maghi when devotees and families circle a sacred fire and offer sesame seeds, jaggery, and peanuts to the fire god for the commencement of the coming longer and warmer days. Lohri is also celebrated as a secular and important cultural festival of Punjab honouring [[Dulla Bhatti]], a [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] [[zamindar]] who defied the oppressive [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule by redistributing wealth and saved [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] girls from slavery and persecution under the Mughals. This festival is known as [[Lal Loi]] and [[Bhogi]] in other parts of South Asia.
* January 14: [[Maghi]] (ਮਾਘੀ) - A highly auspicious day marking the sun's journey into the northern hemisphere and the return of warmth and longer days. This day marks the sun's transition into the sign of ''[[Hindu astrology|Makar]]'' ([[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]]). It is celebrated with chanting prayers to [[Surya]] while taking purifying dips into local waterbodies, rivers, and [[Temple tank|''sarovars'']] and the donation of sesame seeds, jaggery, nuts, and warm clothing to the poor. This festival is known as [[Makar Sankranti]], [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], [[Magh Bihu]], [[International Kite Festival in Gujarat – Uttarayan|Uttarayan]], [[Makara Jyothi]], [[Ghughutiya Festival|Ghughutiya]], [[Shakrain]], and [[Maghe Sankranti]] in other parts of South Asia.

==See also==
*[[Punjabi calendar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=133&english=t&id=5450#l5450 www.srigranth.org SGGS Page 133]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060614011714/http://www.sikhcoalition.org/SikhismCalendar.asp www.sikhcoalition.org]

{{PunjabiCalendar}}
{{SikhCalendar}}

[[Category:Months of the Nanakshahi calendar]]
[[Category:Months of the Punjabi calendar]]
[[Category:Sikh practices]]

Sri Rangaraja Puram mandal

2025-12-05T02:20:11Z

MonroeDunning09: made

{{Short description|Mandal in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sri Rangaraja Puram mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Chittoor]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nagari revenue division|Nagari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| coordinates = {{Coord|13.3|79.36|display=title}}
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}

''' Sri Rangaraja Puram mandal''' is one of the 31 [[mandal]]s in [[Chittoor district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Nagari revenue division]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-26 |title=Nivar impact: Water touches precarious levels in Chittoor reservoirs |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nivar-impact-water-touches-precarious-levels-in-chittoor-reservoirs/article33187819.ece |access-date=2022-04-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Chittoor district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Chittoor district]]

{{Chittoor-geo-stub}}

Ghulam Rasool Gangi

2025-12-03T19:37:00Z

MonroeDunning09: Made New Page...

{{refimprove|date=December 2013}}

'''Ghulam Rasool Gangi''' was a direct descendant of [[Genghis Khan]] and the son of Pir Bukhsh. His family moved from [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] and [[Kashgar]] to India in 1598, where he lived in the Siakolt district of [[Langrewali]]. For three generations, Abdul Rashid Khan's descendants were rulers of [[Khotan]] and Yarkand, but were scattered geographically until 1707. Quresh Sultan, one of Abdul Rashid Khan's sons, and other Chugtai royal family members were relocated to India during the time of Emperor Akbar.

==1857 Rebellion==
Ghulam Rasool and his family hid their identity from the British Imperial Forces because the British were killing Indians that belonged to [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] tribes. British Indian Sialkot district records show the caste of Ghulam Rasool as Gangi or Kangi, which was probably adopted to hide his identity from the government.

==Family==
Ghulam Rasool had many children, but their names are not known because they were changed. The names of his sons were [[Sadawar]], [[Ghaseeta]], [[Nathu]], and Jamiat. Terms like Mughal, Beg, Chughtai or Mirza were avoided along with their names to hide their identity. Information about his Chughtai family was mostly collected by [[Nabi Bukhsh Mughal]], a grandson of Sadawar. The legal copyright record is owned by [[Muhammad Aslam Mughal]] son of Allah Dita Mughal, a great grandson of Sadawar.

==Genealogy of Chughtai Mughal family of Langrewali, Sialkot==

{| class="wikitable " style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; page-break-inside:avoid"
|+ '''Genealogy of Ghulam Rasool according to Muhammad Aslam Mughal'''
|- valign="top"
| style="border:none;"| <ol start="1">
<li>[[Abdurashid Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdul Aziz Mughal]]</li>
<li>[[Qutab Din]]</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="4">
<li>[[Ebraheem bin Qutab Din]]</li>
<li>[[Miran Bakhsh Mughal]]</li>
<li>[[Pir Bukhsh]]</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="7">
<li>Ghulam Rasool Gangi</li>
</ol>
|}
<ref>"Pehchan" by Muhammad Aslam Mughal, Chughtai Mughals of a small village Langrewali, Sialkot</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Uyghur people]]

Kalaburagi–Hyderabad Intercity Express

2025-12-01T14:45:11Z

MonroeDunning09: new basic location more to come!

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Kalaburagi–Hyderabad Intercity Express
| logo = (Hyderabad - Gulbarga) Intercity Express at Hyderabad Deccan 01.jpg
| image = 11308 Gulbarga express-2 290318.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = 11308 Kalaburagi Express with WAP4 near Lingampally
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2016|08|08}}
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Kalaburagi}} (KLBG)
| stops = 5
| end = {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}} (HYB)
| distance = {{convert|222|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 4 hours 35 minutes
| frequency = Daily{{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 3 tier Chair Car, Chair Car, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage = Below the seats
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 11307/11308
| speed = {{cvt|58|km/h}}
| map = [[File:(Hyderabad - Gulbarga) Intercity Express route map.png|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

'''Kalaburagi–Hyderabad Intercity Express''' is an intercity train of the Indian Railways connecting {{stnlnk|Kalaburagi}} in [[Karnataka]] and {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}} of [[Telangana]]. It is operated with 11307/11308 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Western Railway |url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1804&did=1390915609554B3A6EBA2137D2C58FC928AF03ECB72A8.web103 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=wr.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=North Western Railway / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2003&id=0,4,268 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref>

== Service==
The 11307/Kalaburagi–Hyderabad InterCity Express has an average speed of 48 km/h and covers 222 km in 4 hrs 35 mins. 11308/Hyderabad–KalaburagiIntercity Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and 222 km in 5 hrs.

== Route and halts ==
The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Kalaburagi}}
* {{stnlnk|Shahabad}}
* {{stnlnk|Wadi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Tandur}}
* {{stnlnk|Vikarabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Lingampalli}}
* {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}}

==Coach composition==
The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 13 coaches:

* 1 AC III Tier Chair Car
* 4 Chair Car
* 6 General
* 2 Second-class Luggage/parcel van

== Traction==
Both trains are hauled by electric locomotive either [[WAP-7]] or [[WAP-4]] from Kalaburagi to Hyderabad and vice versa.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/gulbarga-hyderabad-intercity-express-11307/23730/146/834 11307/Gulbarga - Hyderabad Intercity Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/hyderabad-gulbarga-intercity-express-11308/23729/834/146 11308/Hyderabad - Gulbarga Intercity Express]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaburagi-Hyderabad Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2016]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Rajanikant Singh

2025-11-30T14:32:32Z

MonroeDunning09: made some biography from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Rajanikant Singh''' is an Indian politician and a former [[Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Angul Assembly constituency]] who also served as Deputy Speaker of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajanikant Singh elected Odisha Assembly Deputy Speaker |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/jun/27/rajanikant-singh-elected-odisha-assembly-deputy-speaker-1996140.html |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The New Indian Express|date=27 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajani Kant Singh elected unopposed as assembly deputy speaker |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/rajani-kant-singh-elected-unopposed-as-assembly-dy-speaker/articleshow/69980286.cms |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The Times of India |date=28 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-27 |title=Rajanikant Singh elected unopposed as Deputy Speaker of Odisha |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rajanikant-singh-elected-unopposed-as-deputy-speaker-of-odisha-119062700557_1.html |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Angul district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

UEFA European Championship top goalscorers

2025-11-29T06:51:10Z

MonroeDunning09: added entry

{{Short description|Men's UEFA European Championship top goalscorers}}
[[File:Cristiano Ronaldo 20120609.jpg|thumb|225px|[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] is [[UEFA European Championship]] top scorer with 14 goals.]]
A total of 946 goals have been scored in games at the men's 17 final tournaments of the [[UEFA European Championship]], not counting penalties scored during [[List of UEFA European Championship penalty shoot-outs|shoot-outs]].<ref name="UEFAfacts" /> Since the first goal scored by [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslav]] player [[Milan Galić]] at the [[1960 European Nations' Cup]], exactly 545 footballers have scored goals at the Euro tournaments,<ref name="worldfootball">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/alltime_goalgetter/em/tore/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003191517/http://www.worldfootball.net/alltime_goalgetter/em/tore/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 3, 2013 |title=EURO - All-time Topscorers |website=worldfootball.net |access-date=17 May 2024 }}</ref> of whom 39 have scored four or more.

Since in the beginning tournaments were contested between four teams and only two games were played, top goalscorers of the first three editions have scored only two goals.<ref name="topscorers">{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0259-0e6c1891bd10-d54f17cfd501-1000--euro-top-scorers-all-time-and-for-every-tournament/ |title=EURO top scorers: all time and for every tournament |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=1 January 2023 |access-date=17 May 2024 }}</ref> This was bettered in [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972]], when [[Germany national football team|West Germany]]'s [[Gerd Müller]] scored four goals. [[UEFA Euro 1976|Four years later]] this was matched by his compatriot [[Dieter Müller]] and finally in [[UEFA Euro 1984|1984]] [[France national football team|France]]'s [[Michel Platini]] have scored record 9 goals in just 5 games.<ref name="UEFArecords">{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0257-0e0605d428b4-25e24d26a092-1000--euro-records-most-appearances-top-scorers-key-stats/ |title=EURO records: most appearances, top scorers, key stats |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=1 January 2023 |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref> His record stood for more than three decades until [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] scored his 10th goal for [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] at the [[UEFA Euro 2020]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/06/15/ronaldo-becomes-highest-goalscorer-in-european-championship-history |title=EURO 2020: Ronaldo breaks goalscoring record as Portugal beat Hungary 3-0 |publisher=Euronews |website=euronews.com |date=15 June 2021 |access-date=25 May 2024 }}</ref> He has later improved his tally and stands at 14 goals in 30 appearances at the European Championship tournaments — also record.<ref name="recordRonaldo">{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/026a-126ca1cf8380-48e6f1f55119-1000--cristiano-ronaldo-s-euro-records/ |title=Cristiano Ronaldo's EURO records |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=1 July 2023 |access-date=25 May 2024 }}</ref> The top 39 goalscorers have represented 15 nations, with 7 players scoring for Germany or West Germany, 5 for France, and 4 for [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]]. In total, only 6 of them have scored at tournaments with maximum of 8 teams (prior to [[UEFA Euro 1996]]).

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"
|+Numbers of goalscorers<ref name="worldfootball" />
|-
! scope="col" | Goals !! scope="col" | ≥10 !! scope="col" | 9 !! scope="col" | 8 !! scope="col" | 7 !! scope="col" | 6 !! scope="col" | 5 !! scope="col" style="border-right:1px solid;" | 4 !! scope="col" | 3 !! scope="col" | 2 !! scope="col" style="border-right:1px solid;" | 1 !! scope="col" | Total
|- style="border-bottom:1px solid;"
! scope="row" | Nos. of players
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 4 || 9 || 8 || style="border-right:1px solid;" | 16 || 50 || 101 || style="border-right:1px solid;" | 355 || 545
|}
Platini holds the record for the most goals scored in a single tournament, with 9 goals in 1984.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/that-1980s-sports-blog/2021/jun/28/michel-platini-scored-nine-goals-five-games-france-won-euro-1984 |title=When Michel Platini scored nine goals in five games as France won Euro 84 |publisher=The Guardian |date=28 June 2021 |access-date=25 May 2024 }}</ref> The players that came closest were [[Antoine Griezmann]] in [[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]] (with 6 goals) and [[Marco van Basten]] in [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]], [[Alan Shearer]] in 1996, [[Savo Milošević]] and [[Patrick Kluivert]] in [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]], [[Milan Baroš]] in [[UEFA Euro 2004|2004]], and Ronaldo and [[Patrik Schick]] in 2020 (all with 5 goals). Across the 17 tournaments of the Euro, 37 players have been credited with the most tournament goals, with Ronaldo the only one to achieve this feat twice (in [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]] and 2020). Twelve of them scored at least four goals in a tournament, while Portugal's [[Nuno Gomes]] (2000), [[England national football team|England]]'s [[Wayne Rooney]], Netherlands' [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]] (both in 2004), [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]]'s [[Romelu Lukaku]], England's [[Harry Kane]], France's [[Karim Benzema]] and [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]]'s [[Emil Forsberg]] (all in 2020) are the only footballers to score at least 4 goals without being the top goalscorer. These 37 players represented 16 nations, the most (six) Germany or West Germany. Four played for [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]], the Netherlands and [[Spain national football team|Spain]].

Of all the players who have played in the UEFA European Championship tournaments, only three have achieved an average of two goals per game played: [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]'s [[Dezső Novák]] and West Germany's: Gerd Müller and Dieter Müller — although Novák have appeared in only one Euro game.

==Overall top goalscorers==
<onlyinclude>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table key
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Player'''
| Denotes player still active at international level
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{double-dagger}}
| Denotes national top scorer (or joint top scorer) at the Euro
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [ ]
| Denotes tournaments where the player was part of the squad, but did not play in a match
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ( )
| Denotes tournaments where the player played in a match, but did not score a goal
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Year'''
| Denotes tournaments where the player's team won the title
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| T
| Denotes tournaments where the player was top scorer
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Top goalscorers at UEFA Euro tournaments<ref name="UEFAfacts">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/025d-0f53f87d8dbc-b12ae5e7bfbd-1000--euro-final-tournament-goals-all-you-need-to-know/ |title=EURO final tournament goals: All you need to know |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=1 January 2023 |access-date=17 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.com/posts/1048 |title=IFFHS EURO STATISTICS 3 - THE BEST GOAL SCORERS |publisher=IFFHS |date=14 April 2021 |access-date=17 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Goals scored
! scope="col" | Matches played
! scope="col" | Ratio
! scope="col" | Tournaments
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 1
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ronaldo, Cristiano" | '''[[Cristiano Ronaldo]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|POR}}
! {{maybe|14}}
| {{maybe|30}}
| {{Decimals|14/30|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004-2008-2012-2016-2020" | 2004, 2008, 2012T, '''2016''', 2020T, (2024)
| [[List of international goals scored by Cristiano Ronaldo|list]]
|-
| 2
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Platini, Michel" | [[Michel Platini]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA}}
! 9
| 5
| {{Decimals|9/5|2}}
| data-sort-value="1984" | '''1984'''T
| [[Michel Platini#International|list]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 3
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Shearer, Alan" | [[Alan Shearer]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ENG}}
! rowspan="4" | 7
| 9
| {{Decimals|7/9|2}}
| data-sort-value="1996-2000" | (1992), 1996T, 2000
| [[Alan Shearer#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Griezmann, Antoine" | [[Antoine Griezmann]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA}}
| 17
| {{Decimals|7/17|2}}
| data-sort-value="2016-2020" | 2016T, 2020, (2024)
| [[Antoine Griezmann#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Morata, Alvaro" | '''[[Álvaro Morata]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 17
| {{Decimals|7/17|2}}
| data-sort-value="2016-2024" | 2016, 2020, 2024
| [[Álvaro Morata#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kane, Harry" | '''[[Harry Kane]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ENG}}
| 18
| {{Decimals|7/18|2}}
| data-sort-value="2020-2024" | (2016), 2020, 2024T
| [[List of international goals scored by Harry Kane|list]]
|-
| rowspan="9" | 7
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Schick, Patrik" | '''[[Patrik Schick]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CZE}}
! rowspan="9" | 6
| 7
| {{Decimals|6/7|2}}
| data-sort-value="2020-2024" | 2020T, 2024
| [[Patrik Schick#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Nistelrooy, Ruud van" | [[Ruud van Nistelrooy]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 8
| {{Decimals|6/8|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004-2008" | 2004, 2008
| [[Ruud van Nistelrooy#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kluivert, Patrick" | [[Patrick Kluivert]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 9
| {{Decimals|6/9|2}}
| data-sort-value="1996-2000" | 1996, 2000T, [2004]
| [[Patrick Kluivert#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Rooney, Wayne" | [[Wayne Rooney]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ENG}}
| 10
| {{Decimals|6/10|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004-2012-2016" | 2004, 2012, 2016
| [[List of international goals scored by Wayne Rooney|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Henry, Thierry" | [[Thierry Henry]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA}}
| 11
| {{Decimals|6/11|2}}
| data-sort-value="2000-2004-2008" | '''2000''', 2004, 2008
| [[List of international goals scored by Thierry Henry|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ibrahimovic, Zlatan" | [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|SWE}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|6/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004-2008-2012" | 2004, 2008, 2012, (2016)
| [[List of international goals scored by Zlatan Ibrahimović|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lewandowski, Robert" | '''[[Robert Lewandowski]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|POL}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|6/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="2012-2016-2020-2024" | 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024
| [[List of international goals scored by Robert Lewandowski|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Gomes, Nuno" | [[Nuno Gomes]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|POR}}
| 14
| {{Decimals|6/14|2}}
| data-sort-value="2000-2004-2008" | 2000, 2004, 2008
| [[Nuno Gomes#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lukaku, Romelu" | '''[[Romelu Lukaku]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|BEL}}
| 14
| {{Decimals|6/14|2}}
| data-sort-value="2016-2020" | 2016, 2020, (2024)
| [[List of international goals scored by Romelu Lukaku|list]]
|-<noinclude>
|-
| rowspan="8" | 16
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Milosevic, Savo" | [[Savo Milošević]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRY}}
! rowspan="8" | 5
| 4
| {{Decimals|5/4|2}}
| data-sort-value="2000" | 2000T
| [[Savo Milošević#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Basten, Marco van" | [[Marco van Basten]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 9
| {{Decimals|5/9|2}}
| data-sort-value="1988" | '''1988'''T, (1992)
| [[Marco van Basten#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Baros, Milan" | [[Milan Baroš]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CZE}}
| 10
| {{Decimals|5/10|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004" | 2004T, (2008), (2012)
| [[Milan Baroš#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Shaqiri, Xherdan" | [[Xherdan Shaqiri]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|SUI}}
| 11
| {{Decimals|5/11|2}}
| data-sort-value="2016-2020-2024" | 2016, 2020, 2024
| [[Xherdan Shaqiri#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Gomez, Mario" | [[Mario Gómez]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GER}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|5/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="2012-2016" | (2008), 2012T, 2016
| [[Mario Gómez#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Klinsmann, Jurgen" | [[Jürgen Klinsmann]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GER}}{{efn|At [[UEFA Euro 1988|Euro 1988]], Klinsmann made four appearances and scored one goal for [[West Germany national football team|West Germany]].}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|5/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="1988-1992-1996" | 1988, 1992, '''1996'''
| [[Jürgen Klinsmann#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Torres, Fernando" | [[Fernando Torres]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|5/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="2008-2012-2016" | (2004), '''2008''', '''2012'''T
| [[List of international goals scored by Fernando Torres|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Zidane, Zinedine" | [[Zinedine Zidane]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA}}
| 14
| {{Decimals|5/14|2}}
| data-sort-value="2000-2004" | (1996), '''2000''', 2004
| [[Zinedine Zidane#International|list]]
|-
| rowspan="16" | 24
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Muller, Dieter" | [[Dieter Müller]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
! rowspan="16" | 4
| 2
| {{maybe|{{Decimals|4/2|2}}}}
| data-sort-value="1976" | 1976T
| [[Dieter Müller#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Muller, Gerd" | [[Gerd Müller]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| 2
| {{maybe|{{Decimals|4/2|2}}}}
| data-sort-value="1972" | '''1972'''T
| [[List of international goals scored by Gerd Müller|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Villa, David" | [[David Villa]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 4
| {{Decimals|4/4|2}}
| data-sort-value="2008" | '''2008'''T
| [[List of international goals scored by David Villa|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Dzajic, Dragan" | [[Dragan Džajić]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|YUG}}
| 5
| {{Decimals|4/5|2}}
| data-sort-value="1968-1976" | 1968T, 1976
| [[Dragan Džajić#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Forsberg, Emil" | '''[[Emil Forsberg]]'''
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|SWE}}
| 7
| {{Decimals|4/7|2}}
| data-sort-value="2020" | (2016), 2020
| [[Emil Forsberg#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Pavlyuchenko, Roman" | [[Roman Pavlyuchenko]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|RUS}}
| 8
| {{Decimals|4/8|2}}
| data-sort-value="2008-2012" | 2008, 2012
| [[Roman Pavlyuchenko#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Voller, Rudi" | [[Rudi Völler]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}{{efn|At [[UEFA Euro 1992|Euro 1992]], Völler made one appearance for [[Germany national football team|Germany]].}}
| 8
| {{Decimals|4/8|2}}
| data-sort-value="1984-1988" | 1984, 1988, (1992)
| [[Rudi Völler#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Charisteas, Angelos" | [[Angelos Charisteas]]{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GRE}}
| 9
| {{Decimals|4/9|2}}
| data-sort-value="2004-2008" | '''2004''', 2008
| [[Angelos Charisteas#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Havertz, Kai" | '''[[Kai Havertz]]'''
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GER}}
| 9
| 0.44
| data-sort-value="2020-2024" | 2020, 2024
| [[Kai Havertz#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Benzema, Karim" | [[Karim Benzema]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA}}
| 10
| {{Decimals|4/10|2}}
| data-sort-value="2020" | (2008), (2012), 2020
| [[Karim Benzema#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Larsson, Henrik" | [[Henrik Larsson]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|SWE}}
| 10
| {{Decimals|4/10|2}}
| data-sort-value="2000-2004" | 2000, 2004, (2008)
| [[Henrik Larsson#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Smicer, Vladimir" | [[Vladimír Šmicer]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CZE}}
| 11
| {{Decimals|4/11|2}}
| data-sort-value="1996-2000-2004" | 1996, 2000, 2004
| [[Vladimír Šmicer#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Podolski, Lukas" | [[Lukas Podolski]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GER}}
| 12
| {{Decimals|4/12|2}}
| data-sort-value="2008-2012" | (2004), 2008, 2012, (2016)
| [[Lukas Podolski#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bergkamp, Dennis" | [[Dennis Bergkamp]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|4/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="1992-1996" | 1992, 1996, (2000)
| [[Dennis Bergkamp#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Perisic, Ivan" | '''[[Ivan Perišić]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CRO}}
| 13
| {{Decimals|4/13|2}}
| data-sort-value="2016-2020" | (2012), 2016, 2020, (2024)
| [[Ivan Perišić#International|list]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Modric, Luka" | '''[[Luka Modrić]]'''{{double-dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CRO}}
| 16
| {{Decimals|4/16|2}}
| data-sort-value="2008-2016-2020-2024" | 2008, (2012), 2016, 2020, 2024
| [[Luka Modrić#International|list]]
|-</noinclude>
|}</onlyinclude>

===Timeline===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Key
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#bfb;"|
|align="left"| Goal set a new record
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:#ffff90;"|
|align="left"| Goal equalled the existing record
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+ Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at UEFA European Championship final tournaments
|-
! scope="col"| Goals
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Player
! scope="col"| Team
! scope="col"| Goal
! scope="col"| Opponent
! scope="col"| Score
! scope="col"| Tournament & Stage
! scope="col"| Previous goals
! scope="col"| Ref.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" | 1
| rowspan="8" | {{dts|1960|7|6|format=dmy}}
| [[Milan Galić]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{success|'''1'''–0}}
| [[France national football team|France]]
| align="center" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament#France vs Yugoslavia|5–4]]
| rowspan="8" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup|1960, France]] [[1960 European Nations' Cup#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#eee; color:#888888; text-align:center;" | N/A
| align="center" rowspan="7" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/4022--france-vs-yugoslavia/ |title=History: France 4-5 Yugoslavia {{!}} UEFA EURO 1960 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Jean Vincent]]
| rowspan="3" | {{fb|FRA}}
| {{maybe|'''1'''–1}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament#France vs Yugoslavia|4–5]]
|-
| [[François Heutte]]
| {{maybe|'''2'''–1}}
|-
| [[Maryan Wisniewski]]
| {{maybe|'''3'''–1}}
|-
| [[Ante Žanetić]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{maybe|'''2'''–3}}
| [[France national football team|France]]
| align="center" | 5–4
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" | 2
| François Heutte
| {{fb|FRA}}
| {{success|'''4'''–2}}
| [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]]
| align="center" | 4–5
|
*[[1960 European Nations' Cup|1960]] vs Yugoslavia
|-
| [[Dražan Jerković]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{maybe|'''5'''–4}}
| [[France national football team|France]]
| align="center" | 5–4
|
*1960 vs France
|-
| [[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1934)|Valentin Ivanov]]
| {{fb|URS}}
| {{maybe|'''2'''–0}}
| [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]]
| align="center" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament#Czechoslovakia vs Soviet Union|3–0]]
|
*1960 vs Czechoslovakia
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/4023--czechoslovakia-vs-ussr/ |title=History: Czechoslovakia 0-3 USSR {{!}} UEFA EURO 1960 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|1960|7|10|format=dmy}}
| Milan Galić
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{maybe|'''1'''–0}}
| [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]]
| align="center" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament#Final|1–2]]
| rowspan="2" | 1960, France [[1960 European Nations' Cup#Final|Final]]
|
*1960 vs France
| align="center" rowspan=2" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/4025--ussr-vs-yugoslavia/ |title=History: USSR 2-1 Yugoslavia {{!}} UEFA EURO 1960 Final {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Viktor Ponedelnik]]
| rowspan="3" | {{fb|URS}}
| {{maybe|'''2'''–1}}
| [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]]
| align="center" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament#Final|2–1]]
|
*1960 vs Czechoslovakia
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | 3
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|1964|6|17|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''2'''–0}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[1964 European Nations' Cup final tournament#Denmark vs Soviet Union|3–0]]
| rowspan="2" | [[1964 European Nations' Cup|1964, Spain]] [[1964 European Nations' Cup#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|
*1960 vs Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3994--denmark-vs-ussr/ |title=History: Denmark 0-3 USSR {{!}} UEFA EURO 1964 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| Valentin Ivanov
| {{maybe|'''3'''–0}}
|
*1960 vs Czechoslovakia (2)
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|1972|6|18|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Gerd Müller]]
| rowspan="2" | {{fb|FRG}}
| {{maybe|'''1'''–0}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 1972 final tournament#Final|3–0]]
| rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972, Belgium]] [[UEFA Euro 1972#Final|Final]]
| rowspan="2" |
* [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972]] vs [[UEFA Euro 1972 final tournament#Belgium vs West Germany|Belgium]] (2)
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3838--west-germany-vs-ussr/ |title=History: West Germany 3-0 USSR {{!}} UEFA EURO 1972 Final {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" | 4
| {{success|'''3'''–0}}
|-
| {{dts|1976|6|19|format=dmy}}
| [[Dragan Džajić]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{maybe|'''2'''–2}}
| [[Netherlands national football team|Netherlands]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 1976 final tournament#Third place play-off|2–3]]
| [[UEFA Euro 1976|1976, Yugoslavia]] [[UEFA Euro 1976#Third place play-off|3rd place play-off]]
|
*[[UEFA Euro 1968|1968]] vs [[UEFA Euro 1968 final tournament#Yugoslavia vs England|England]], [[UEFA Euro 1968 final tournament#Original match|Italy]]
*[[UEFA Euro 1976|1976]] vs [[UEFA Euro 1976 final tournament#Yugoslavia vs West Germany|West Germany]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3692--netherlands-vs-yugoslavia/ |title=History: Netherlands 3-2 Yugoslavia {{!}} UEFA EURO 1976 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1976|6|20|format=dmy}}
| [[Dieter Müller]]
| {{fb|FRG}}
| {{maybe|'''1'''–2}}
| [[Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 1976 final tournament#Final|2–2aet]]
| 1976, Yugoslavia [[UEFA Euro 1976#Final|Final]]
|
*1976 vs [[UEFA Euro 1976 final tournament#Yugoslavia vs West Germany|Yugoslavia]] (3)
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3693--czechoslovakia-vs-west-germany/ |title=History: Czechoslovakia 2-2 West Germany {{!}} UEFA EURO 1976 Final {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=23 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1984|6|16|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="6" | [[Michel Platini]]
| rowspan="6" | {{fb|FRA}}
| {{maybe|'''5'''–0}}
| [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 1984 Group 1#France vs Belgium|5–0]]
| rowspan="4" | [[UEFA Euro 1984|1984, France]] [[UEFA Euro 1984#Group 1|Group stage]]
| rowspan="6" |
*[[UEFA Euro 1984|1984]] vs [[UEFA Euro 1984 Group 1#France vs Denmark|Denmark]], Belgium (2)
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3451--france-vs-belgium/ |title=History: France 5-0 Belgium {{!}} UEFA EURO 1984 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| rowspan="3" | {{dts|1984|6|19|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''1'''–1}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[UEFA Euro 1984 Group 1#France vs Yugoslavia|3–2]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3453--france-vs-yugoslavia/ |title=History: France 3-2 Yugoslavia {{!}} UEFA EURO 1984 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 6
| {{success|'''2'''–1}}
|-
! scope="row" | 7
| {{success|'''3'''–1}}
|-
! scope="row" | 8
| {{dts|1984|6|23|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''3'''–2}}
| [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 1984 knockout stage#France vs Portugal|3–2]]
| 1984, France [[UEFA Euro 1984#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3461--france-vs-portugal/ |title=History: France 3-2 Portugal {{!}} UEFA EURO 1984 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 9
| {{dts|1984|6|27|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''1'''–0}}
| [[Spain national football team|Spain]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 1984 knockout stage#France vs Spain|2–0]]
| 1984, France [[UEFA Euro 1984#Final|Final]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/3463--france-vs-spain/ |title=History: France 2-0 Spain {{!}} UEFA EURO 1984 Final {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2016|7|6|format=dmy}}
| rowspan="6" | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]
| rowspan="6" | {{fb|POR}}
| {{maybe|'''1'''–0}}
| [[Wales national football team|Wales]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 2016 knockout stage#Portugal vs Wales|2–0]]
| [[UEFA Euro 2016|2016, France]] [[UEFA Euro 2016#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
| rowspan="6" |
*[[UEFA Euro 2004|2004]] vs [[UEFA Euro 2004 Group A#Portugal vs Greece|Greece]], [[UEFA Euro 2004 knockout stage#Portugal vs Netherlands|Netherlands]]
*[[UEFA Euro 2008|2008]] vs [[UEFA Euro 2008 Group A#Czech Republic vs Portugal|Czech Republic]]
*[[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]] vs [[UEFA Euro 2012 Group B#Portugal vs Netherlands|Netherlands]] (2), [[UEFA Euro 2012 knockout stage#Czech Republic vs Portugal|Czech Republic]]
*[[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]] vs [[UEFA Euro 2016 Group F#Hungary vs Portugal|Hungary]] (2)
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2017905--portugal-vs-wales/ |title=History: Portugal 2-0 Wales {{!}} UEFA EURO 2016 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 10
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2021|6|15|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''2'''–0}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 2020 Group F#Hungary vs Portugal|3–0]]
| rowspan="5" | [[UEFA Euro 2020|2020, Europe]] [[UEFA Euro 2020#Group stage|Group stage]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2024455--hungary-vs-portugal/ |title=History: Hungary 0-3 Portugal {{!}} UEFA EURO 2020 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 11
| {{success|'''3'''–0}}
|-
! scope="row" | 12
| {{dts|2021|6|19|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''1'''–0}}
| [[Germany national football team|Germany]]
| align="center" | [[UEFA Euro 2020 Group F#Portugal vs Germany|2–4]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2024466--portugal-vs-germany/ |title=History: Portugal 2-4 Germany {{!}} UEFA EURO 2020 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 13
| rowspan="2 | {{dts|2021|6|23|format=dmy}}
| {{success|'''1'''–0}}
| rowspan="2 | [[France national football team|France]]
| align="center" rowspan="2 | [[UEFA Euro 2020 Group F#Portugal vs France|2–2]]
| align="center" rowspan="2 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/match/2024476--portugal-vs-france/ |title=History: Portugal 2-2 France {{!}} UEFA EURO 2020 {{!}} UEFA.com |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 14
| {{success|'''2'''–2}}
|}

==Top goalscorers for each tournament==
Since 2008, if there is more than one player with the same number of goals, the tie-breaker goes to the player who has contributed the most [[Assist (football)|assists]]. If there is still more than one player, the tie-breaker goes to the player who has played the least amount of time.<ref name="topscorers" /> Between the years 1960 and 2008, the [[UEFA European Championship awards#Top goalscorer|Golden Boot award]] went to each of the top goalscorers of the UEFA European Championship tournaments. At Euro 2020, there was a new physical and [[non-fungible token|digital]] trophy presented to the tournament's top scorer. It was commissioned by [[Alipay]], the Chinese company sponsoring the award. "Sculpted in the shape of the Chinese character '支' (pronounced zhi, and meaning 'payment' as well as 'support'), the barefooted player on the trophy reflects the egalitarian footballing ideal that success on the pitch comes regardless of background or status," according to UEFA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/2674226/2021/06/26/spains-sergio-ramos-tribute-kit-symbols-nft-awards-things-you-missed-euro-2020/|title=Spain’s Sergio Ramos tribute, Adidas kit symbols and NFT awards: Things you may have missed at Euro 2020|work=The Athletic|first=Brooks|last=Peck|date=26 June 2021|access-date=17 May 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Top goalscorers at each UEFA European Championship final tournament<ref name="topscorers" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/euro-uefatot.html |title=European Championships - UEFA Teams of Tournament |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=14 August 2004 |access-date=17 May 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! Edition
! Player
! Team
! Goals scored
! Matches played
! [[UEFA European Championship awards#Top goalscorer|Golden Boot]]
! [[UEFA European Championship awards|Other UEFA Awards]]
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | [[1960 European Nations' Cup|1960 France]]
| data-sort-value="Heutte, Francois" | [[François Heutte]]
| {{fb|FRA}}
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | 2
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Ivanov, Valentin" | [[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1934)|Valentin Ivanov]]
| {{fb|URS|1955}}
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Ponedelnik, Viktor" | [[Viktor Ponedelnik]]
| {{fb|URS|1955}}
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Jerkovic, Drazan" | [[Dražan Jerković]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Galic, Milan" | [[Milan Galić]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[1964 European Nations' Cup|1964 Spain]]
| data-sort-value="Bene, Ferenc" | [[Ferenc Bene]]
| {{fb|HUN}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Novak, Dezso" | [[Dezső Novák]]
| {{fb|HUN}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Pereda, Chus" | [[Chus Pereda]]
| {{fb|ESP|1945}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1968|1968 Italy]]
| data-sort-value="Dzajic, Dragan" | [[Dragan Džajić]]
| {{fb|YUG}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972 Belgium]]
| data-sort-value="Muller, Gerd" | [[Gerd Müller]]
| {{fb|FRG}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1976|1976 Yugoslavia]]
| data-sort-value="Muller, Dieter" | [[Dieter Müller]]
| {{fb|FRG}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1980|1980 Italy]]
| data-sort-value="Allofs, Klaus" | [[Klaus Allofs]]
| {{fb|FRG}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{ya}}
|
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1984|1984 France]]
| data-sort-value="Platini, Michel" | [[Michel Platini]]
| {{fb|FRA}}
| {{maybe|9}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Player of the Tournament Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988 West Germany]]
| data-sort-value="Basten, Marco van" | [[Marco van Basten]]
| {{fb|NED}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Player of the Tournament Team of the Tournament
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1992|1992 Sweden]]
| data-sort-value="Larsen, Henrik" | [[Henrik Larsen]]
| {{fb|DEN}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Riedle, Karl-Heinz" | [[Karl-Heinz Riedle]]
| {{fb|GER}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Bergkamp, Dennis" | [[Dennis Bergkamp]]
| {{fb|NED}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Brolin, Tomas" | [[Tomas Brolin]]
| {{fb|SWE}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
|
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 1996|1996 England]]
| data-sort-value="Shearer, Alan" | [[Alan Shearer]]
| {{fb|ENG}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000 Belgium/Netherlands]]
| data-sort-value="Kluivert, Patrick" | [[Patrick Kluivert]]
| {{fb|NED}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Milosevic, Savo" | [[Savo Milošević]]
| {{fb|FRY}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2004|2004 Portugal]]
| data-sort-value="Baros, Milan" | [[Milan Baroš]]
| {{fb|CZE}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2008|2008 Austria/Switzerland]]
| data-sort-value="Villa, David" | [[David Villa]]
| {{fb|ESP}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012 Poland/Ukraine]]
| data-sort-value="Mandzukic, Mario" | [[Mario Mandžukić]]
| {{fb|CRO}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{na}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Gomez, Mario" | [[Mario Gómez]]
| {{fb|GER}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{na}}
| Silver Boot
|-
| data-sort-value="Balotelli, Mario" | [[Mario Balotelli]]
| {{fb|ITA}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{na}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Ronaldo, Cristiano" | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]
| {{fb|POR}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{na}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Dzagoev, Alan" | [[Alan Dzagoev]]
| {{fb|RUS}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{na}}
| Bronze Boot
|-
| data-sort-value="Torres, Fernando" | [[Fernando Torres]]
| {{fb|ESP}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
|
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2016|2016 France]]
| data-sort-value="Griezmann, Antoine" | [[Antoine Griezmann]]
| {{fb|FRA}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{ya}}
| Player of the Tournament Team of the Tournament
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2020|2020 Europe]]
| data-sort-value="Schick, Patrik" | [[Patrik Schick]]
| {{fb|CZE}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{na}}
| Silver Boot
|-
| data-sort-value="Ronaldo, Cristiano" | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]
| {{fb|POR}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
|
|-
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | [[UEFA Euro 2024|2024 Germany]]
| data-sort-value="Kane, Harry" | [[Harry Kane]]
| {{fb|ENG}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Mikautadze, Georges" | [[Georges Mikautadze]]
| {{fb|GEO}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Musiala, Jamal" | [[Jamal Musiala]]
| {{fb|GER}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|-
| data-sort-value="Gakpo, Cody" | [[Cody Gakpo]]
| {{fb|NED}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Schranz, Ivan" | [[Ivan Schranz]]
| {{fb|SVK}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{ya}}
|
|-
| data-sort-value="Olmo, Dani" | [[Dani Olmo]]
| {{fb|ESP}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{ya}}
| Team of the Tournament
|}

==Goalscorers in final matches==
{{main|List of UEFA European Championship finals}}
*'''Bold''' indicates winning final
*Parentheses indicates no goals scored

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Player
! Team
! Goals scored
! Finals played
! Final(s)

|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Muller, Gerd" | [[Gerd Müller]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| rowspan="4" | 2
| 1
| data-sort-value="19722g" | '''1972'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Hrubesch, Horst" | [[Horst Hrubesch]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19802g" | '''1980'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bierhoff, Oliver" | [[Oliver Bierhoff]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GER}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19962g" | '''1996'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Torres, Fernando" | [[Fernando Torres]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="20081g-20121g" | '''2008''', '''2012'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Metreveli, Slava" | [[Slava Metreveli]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|URS}}
| rowspan="36" | 1
| 1
| data-sort-value="19601g" | '''1960'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Galić, Milan" | [[Milan Galić]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|YUG}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19601s" | 1960
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Pereda, Chus" | [[Chus Pereda]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP|1945}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19641g" | '''1964'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Marcelino, Martinez" | [[Marcelino Martínez|Marcelino]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP|1945}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19641g" | '''1964'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Khusainov, Galimzyan" | [[Galimzyan Khusainov]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|URS}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19641s" | 1964
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Riva, Gigi" | [[Gigi Riva]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ITA}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19681g" | '''1968'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Svehlik, Jan" | [[Ján Švehlík]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|TCH}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19761g" | '''1976'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Dobias, Karol" | [[Karol Dobiaš]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|TCH}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19761g" | '''1976'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Muller, Dieter" | [[Dieter Müller]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19761s" | 1976
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Hölzenbein, Bernd" | [[Bernd Hölzenbein]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19761s" | 1976
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Vandereycken, Rene" | [[René Vandereycken]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|BEL}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19801s" | 1980
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Platini, Michel" | [[Michel Platini]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA|1974}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19841g" | '''1984'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bellone, Bruno" | [[Bruno Bellone]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA|1974}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19841g" | '''1984'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Gullit, Ruud" | [[Ruud Gullit]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19881g" | '''1988'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Basten, Marco van" | [[Marco van Basten]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|NED}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19881g" | '''1988'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Jensen, John" | [[John Jensen]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|DEN}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19921g" | '''1992'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Vilfort, Kim" | [[Kim Vilfort]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|DEN}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19921g" | '''1992'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Berger, Patrik" | [[Patrik Berger]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|CZE}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="19961s" | 1996
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Wiltord, Sylvain" | [[Sylvain Wiltord]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA|1974}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20001g" | '''2000'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Trezeguet, David" | [[David Trezeguet]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRA|1974}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20001g" | '''2000'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Delvecchio, Marco" | [[Marco Delvecchio]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ITA}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20001s" | 2000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Charisteas, Angelos" | [[Angelos Charisteas]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|GRE}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20041g" | '''2004'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Alba, Jordi" | [[Jordi Alba]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20121g" | '''2012'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mata, Juan" | [[Juan Mata]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20121g" | '''2012'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Eder" | [[Eder (footballer, born 1987)|Eder]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|POR}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20161g" | '''2016'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Oyarzabal, Mikel" | [[Mikel Oyarzabal]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20241g" | '''2024'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Williams, Nico" | [[Nico Williams]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20241g" | '''2024'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Palmer, Cole" | [[Cole Palmer]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ENG}}
| 1
| data-sort-value="20240s" | 2024
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Pondelink, Viktor" | [[Viktor Ponedelnik]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|URS}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="19601g-19640s" | '''1960''', (1964)
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Domenghini, Angelo" | [[Angelo Domenghini]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ITA}}
| 2{{efn|name=1968final|[[UEFA Euro 1968 final]] was decided over two matches.}}
| data-sort-value="19681g" | '''1968'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Dzajic, Dragan" | [[Dragan Džajić]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|YUG}}
| 2{{efn|name=1968final}}
| data-sort-value="19681s" | 1968
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Anastasi, Pietro" | [[Pietro Anastasi]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ITA}}
| 2{{efn|name=1968final|[[UEFA Euro 1968 final]] was decided over two matches.}}
| data-sort-value="19681g" | '''1968'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Wimmer, Herbert" | [[Herbert Wimmer]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|FRG}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="19721g-19760s" | '''1972''', (1976)
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Silva, David" | [[David Silva]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ESP}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="20080g-20121g" | ('''2008'''), '''2012'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bonucci, Leonardo" | [[Leonardo Bonucci]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ITA}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="20120s-20201g" | (2012), '''2020'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Shaw, Luke" | [[Luke Shaw]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{fb|ENG}}
| 2
| data-sort-value="20201s-20240s" | 2020, (2024)
|}

==See also==
*[[UEFA European Championship]]
*[[List of UEFA European Championship hat-tricks]]
*[[List of UEFA European Championship own goals]]
*[[List of FIFA World Cup top goalscorers]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/}}

{{UEFA European Championship}}
{{UEFA European Championship top scorers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:European Championship top goalscorers}}
[[Category:UEFA European Championship]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship records and statistics|Top goalscorers]]
[[Category:Lists of international association football players by competition]]

Sangarsha (TV series)

2025-11-19T03:47:04Z

MonroeDunning09: post

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| country = [[India]]
| released =
| network =
| list_episodes =
| creator =
| image_alt =
| last_aired = {{end date|2022|5|20|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{start date|2020|6|15|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 580
| num_seasons =
| language = Kannada
| starring = Tejaswini Shekar [[Vanitha Vasu]] Rohith Rangaswamy
| image = Sangarshatvseries.jpeg
| company =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| creative_director =
| director = Lokesh [[Shruti Naidu]]
| producer = [[Shruti Naidu]]
| writer =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| channel = [[Star Suvarna]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| caption =
| related =
}}

'''''Sangarsha''''' is an Indian Kannada language drama on [[Star Suvarna]] which premiered from 15 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daily soap Sangarsha to air 'Maha episodes' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-sangarsha-to-air-maha-episodes/articleshow/78636843.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It is an official remake of [[Star Vijay]]'s TV series ''Ayutha Ezhuthu'' which stars Tejaswini Shekar, [[Vanitha Vasu]] and Rohith Rangaswamy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch new serial Sangarsha soon on television - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-new-serial-sangarsha-soon-on-television/articleshow/74487121.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
District collector officer Indira gets into a tiff with Bairadevi while she tries to open school for educating unprivileged people in the village while Bairadevi tries to shut it and bring them under her control keeping them uneducated. Meanwhile, Indira falls in love with Bairadevi's son unaware that he is her son.

== Cast ==
* Indira (portrayed by Tejaswini Shekar)
* Bairadevi (portrayed by [[Vanitha Vasu]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veteran actress Vanitha Vasu bags a meaty role in upcoming show 'Sangarsha' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/veteran-actress-vanitha-vasu-bags-a-meaty-role-in-upcoming-show-sangarsha/articleshow/74727026.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Raja (portrayed by Rohith Rangaswamy): Bairadevi's son<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohith Rangaswamy bags the lead role in upcoming show 'Sangarsha' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/rohith-rangaswamy-bags-the-lead-role-in-upcoming-show-sangarsha/articleshow/74768545.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Umapathi
* Bhupala
* Anaga: Vishwa's love interest
* Vishwa: Anaga's love interest
* Sathyamurthi: He advices and warns Indira on Bhiradevi's evil plans

===Guest appearances===
* [[Hariprriya]] as Goddess Devi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hariprriya to play cameo in the serial Sangarsha - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/hariprriya-to-play-cameo-in-the-serial-sangarsha/articleshow/78568274.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Production ==
The series was supposed to premiere on 23 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangarsha to be premiered on March 23 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sangarsha-to-be-premiered-on-march-23/articleshow/74560976.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, owing [[COVID-19]] outbreak in India, production and shootings were stalled on 19 March 2020 and Kannada television shootings were permitted from June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Missing your daily dose of serials? Here's good news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/missing-your-daily-dose-of-serials-heres-good-news/articleshow/75987382.cms|website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> This made it to postpone and premiere on 15 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangarsha to premiere on June 15 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sangarsha-to-premiere-on-june-15/articleshow/76230866.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In September 2020, the series had a crossover with ''Muddulakshmi''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಸಂಘರ್ಷ' & 'ಮುದ್ದುಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ: ರೋಚಕ ಟ್ವಿಸ್ಟ್ ಕೊಡಲಿದೆ ಮಹಾಸಂಗಮ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/sangharsha-and-muddulakshmi-kannada-serial-written-update-14-september-2020-mahasangama/articleshow/78087166.cms|website=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangarsha-Muddulakshmi Mahasangama special episodes will see their lead characters team up to take on challenges - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sangarsha-muddulakshmi-mahasangama-special-episodes-will-see-their-lead-characters-team-up-to-take-on-challenges/articleshow/78073872.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:35%;" | Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:50%;" | Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:64%;" | Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:12%;" | Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:64%;" | Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:25%;" | Notes
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Ayutha Ezhuthu'' ஆயுத எழுத்து
| 15 July 2019
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 18 September 2020
| Original
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Sangarsha'' ಸಂಘರ್ಷ
| 15 June 2020
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 20 May 2022
| Remake
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Suvarna original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary

2025-11-04T11:50:24Z

MonroeDunning09: done

{{Short description|Bird sanctuary located in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
[[File:Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary Entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance of the Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary]]
[[File:Heronry at Uppalpadu, AP W IMG 2791.jpg|thumb|right|[[Heronry]] in Uppalapadu, [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]]]
The '''Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary''' is located in [[Uppalapadu]], near [[Guntur City]], [[India]]. [[Painted stork]]s, [[spot-billed pelican]]s and other birds that migrate from various countries such as [[Siberia]] and [[Australia]] use the village water tanks for nesting.<ref name="Bird sanctuary">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/20/stories/2005072003050200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214203542/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/20/stories/2005072003050200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-12-14|title= Uppalapadu Bird sanctuary|access-date=2007-08-01|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2005-07-20}}</ref>

The bird population in these tanks used to be around 12,000 previously, however lately only about 7000 birds roost in this dwindling habitat through the year. But some initiatives have taken place such as adding artificial trees, local awareness, proper water supply to the ponds etc.<ref name="Winged visitors">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/11/stories/2007071157360500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120142743/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/11/stories/2007071157360500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-11-20|title= Preparing for the Winged visitors|access-date=2007-08-01|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-07-11}}</ref><ref name="Siberian birds">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/29/stories/2006122909350200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104041626/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/29/stories/2006122909350200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-01-04|title= Siberian birds attract visitors|access-date=2007-08-01|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-12-29}}</ref> The number of [[Pelican|Pelicans]], may be more than 1500.<ref name= "Villagers come to the aid of Uppalapadu bird sanctuary">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/20/stories/2005072003050200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214203542/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/20/stories/2005072003050200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-12-14|title= Villagers come to aid of Uppalapadu bird sanctuary | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2005-07-20}}</ref> Besides this 6 [[Pintail (disambiguation)|pintail ducks]] a few [[cormorant]] 5 red crested pochard([[Red-crested pochard|rhodonesa rufina]]), [[Eurasian coot|common coot]], [[Eurasian teal|common teal]], [[Black-headed ibis|black-headed ibises]], 2 stilts were also sighted.

[[File:Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) landing with nesting material at nest with chicks W2 IMG 2857.jpg|thumb|left|Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary]]
[[File:Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) at nest with chicks in Uppalpadu W IMG 2857.jpg|thumb|Spot-billed Pelicans ''[[Pelecanus philippensis]]'' in Uppalapadu]]

Instead of erecting wire mesh artificial-trees the forest department should plant more Prosopis velutina tree in and around this swamp. The ibises and painted stork were found scavenging on the left over rotten fish droppings of pelican along with jungle crow. The main diet being fed to the chicks was both fresh and sea water fish. Some of the fish, particularly ''[[Rohu|LabeoRohita]]'' (Carp) and other sea fish, which had dropped from the nests, were fresh and about 0.8 kg in weight. They must have been brought from nearest river and sea which is about 20–30 km away from the site since the pelicans were not found fishing from nearby ponds. In 2009 the large wire mesh trees which were provided by the Forest department are being used for nest making by the pelicans, although they did not do so in the initial years. This pelicanary has completed ten years operation in 2009. Some pelicans have now opted to use another pond at Ramchandrapalem which is about 4 km from this site towards [[Guntur]].

== See also ==
*[[Bird sanctuaries of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary}}{{Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

Bharat Express

2025-09-30T15:14:22Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{Short description|Hindi news channel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{distinguish|Bharat24}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Bharat Express
| logo = Bharat Express Logo.png
| logosize =
| logocaption =
| branding =
| headquarters = [[Noida]], India
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| picture format =
| area = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| network_type =
| slogan =
| network = Satellite and online
| owner =
| launch_date = {{start date|2023|02|01|df=yes}}
| founder =
| sister names =
| key_people =
| website = {{URL|bharatexpress.com}}
}}
'''Bharat Express''' is an Indian Hindi news channel. Its headquarters is in [[Noida]], India. The Editor-in-Chief of Bharat Express is [[Upendra Rai]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Upendra Rai commences his own media venture, Bharat Express News Network |url=https://newsroompost.com/india/upendra-rai-commences-his-own-media-venture-bharat-express-news-network/5202108.html |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=NewsroomPost |date=17 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Uday Shankar officially launches Upendrra Rai's 'Bharat Express' |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/uday-shankar-officially-launches-upendrra-rais-bharat-express |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=afaqs! |date=2 February 2023}}</ref> who was formerly the Chief Executive Officer and Editor-in-Chief of Sahara News Network.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat Express news channel unveils its Signature tune |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/bharat-express-news-channel-unveils-its-signature-tune/ |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=MediaNews4U |date=20 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat Express news channel unveils signature tune - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/bharat-express-news-channel-unveils-signature-tune-125036.html |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=Exchange 4 Media |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

The Bharat Express news channel was launched on 1 February 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Delhi |first1=BestMediaInfo Bureau |title=New Hindi news channel Bharat Express goes Live on February 1: Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/02/new-hindi-news-channel-bharat-express-goes-live-on-february-1 |access-date=20 May 2023 |date=2 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Our focus will be more on news and less on views: Upendra Rai on launch of Bharat Express - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/our-focus-will-be-more-on-news-and-less-on-views-upendra-rai-on-launch-of-bharat-express-124627.html |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=Exchange 4 Media |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://bharatexpress.com/ Official Website]

{{Television news in India}}
[[Category:24-hour television news channels in India]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2023]]
[[Category:Television channels based in Noida]]

Rajmund Moric

2025-09-26T20:26:13Z

MonroeDunning09: added new entry

{{Short description|Polish politician (born 1944)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name =Rajmund Moric
|nationality=Polish
|image =
|imagesize =frameless
|alt =
|office =[[List of Sejm members (2005–2007)|member of Sejm 2005-2007]]
|term_start =25 September 2005
|term_end =2007
|party =[[Samoobrona]]
|birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1944|6|27|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Katowice]], [[Poland]]
|death_date =
|death_place=
}}
'''Rajmund Moric''' (born 27 June 1944 in [[Katowice]]) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the [[Sejm]] on 25 September 2005, getting 3091 votes in 29 [[Gliwice]] district as a candidate from the [[Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej]] list.

He was also a member of [[Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa|PRL]] [[Members of Polish Sejm 1985-1989|Sejm 1985-1989]].

==See also==
*[[List of Sejm members (2005–2007)|Members of Polish Sejm 2005-2007]]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051027065856/http://www.sejm.gov.pl/poslowie/posel5/239.htm Rajmund Moric - parliamentary page] - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moric, Rajmund}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Katowice]]
[[Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 2005–2007]]
[[Category:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland politicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland]]

{{Poland-Sejm-2005-politician-stub}}

Tushar Jani

2025-08-30T22:31:09Z

MonroeDunning09:

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tushar Jani
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Tushar Kumudrai Jani
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|4|29}}
| birth_place = Mumbai
| education = Bachelor of Science
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]]
| years_active =
| title =
| boards = SCA Group CSC Group
| spouse =
| children = Bhairavi Jani ''(Daughter)''<ref>{{cite web |author=indiatoday.in |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20140217-coming-into-her-own-800084-1999-11-30 |title=Coming into her own |date=30 November 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090828/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20140217-coming-into-her-own-800084-1999-11-30 |archive-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>
Prisha Jani (Daughter)
| website =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}

'''Tushar Kumudrai Jani''' or '''Tushar Jani'''<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Tushar Jani |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=8791101&privcapId=13154868 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> (born 29 April 1953) is a business entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist and the founder of [[Blue Dart Express|Blue Dart Express Limited]] and [[Blue Dart Aviation]], Swift Freight<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Leading Indian NVOCC |url=http://swiftcargo.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315105837/http://swiftcargo.com/ |archive-date=15 March 2018 |website=swiftcargo.com}}</ref> and Express Industry Council of India ''(a courier and express cargo business association of all Indian companies)''.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Express Industry Council of India |url=http://www.eiciindia.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301224857/http://www.eiciindia.org/ |archive-date=1 March 2018 |website=eiciindia.org}}</ref> Swift Freight is India's first [[Freight forwarder|NVOCC business operator]] with a FMC registration<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Distribution Publications, INC |url=https://www.dpiusa.com/license |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306143353/https://www.dpiusa.com/license |archive-date=6 March 2018 |website=dpiusa.com}}</ref> in US, and Express Industry Council, is the first private custodian of [[Courier#India|courier]] loads in India, managing control over operations.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=FFFAI Hall Of Fame |url=https://www.fffai.org/fffai-hall-of-fame.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020232540/http://fffai.org/fffai-hall-of-fame.php |archive-date=20 October 2016 |website=fffai.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Chairman's Profile |url=http://www.scagroup.in/profile.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504041917/http://www.scagroup.in/profile.htm |archive-date=4 May 2016 |website=scagroup.in}}</ref>

He created domestic [[Courier#India|courier]] [[Airport terminal|terminals]] (for common user) at the airports of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]] and [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], and international courier terminals (for common user) at Mumbai and Delhi airports of India.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=New Courier Terminal (NCT) |url=http://delhicustoms.gov.in/new-courier-terminal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110035628/http://delhicustoms.gov.in/new-courier-terminal.html |archive-date=10 November 2017 |website=delhicustoms.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Corporate Background – Board of Directors – Tushar Jani – Chairman |url=https://bluedartaviation.com/corporatebg_bod.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044623/https://bluedartaviation.com/corporatebg_bod.htm |archive-date=2 March 2018 |website=bluedartaviation.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Corporate Profile |url=http://www.bluedart.com/aboutus.html |website=bluedart.com}}</ref> Tushar Jani is a member of the business session organizing [[committee]], in the [[International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations|FIATA]] World [[Congress]] 2018, Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=FIATA Congresses & HQ Sessions |url=https://fiata.com/initiatives/fiata-congresses-hq-sessions.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008151358/http://fiata.com/initiatives/fiata-congresses-hq-sessions.html |archive-date=8 October 2017 |website=fiata.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=FIATA World Congress |url=http://www.fiata2018.org/organising_committee.php |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090829/https://www.fiata2018.org/organising_committee.php |archive-date=9 June 2018 |website=fiata2018.org}}</ref>

==Career==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Company
! scope="col" |Role
! Ref
|-
|Blue Dart Aviation Ltd.|| Founder, Chairman ||
|-
| Blue Dart Express Ltd. || Chairman, Director ''(till 11 March 2005)'' ||
|-
| Express Industry Council of India || Founder, ex-chairman ||
|-
| CII's National Logistics Sub-Committee, Western Region ''(CII:Confederation of Indian Industry)'' || ex-chairman ||
|-
|Swift Freight Pvt. Ltd.|| Co-founder, director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=about swiftcargo |url=http://swiftcargo.com/about-us/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119022249/http://swiftcargo.com/about-us/ |archive-date=19 November 2017 |website=swiftcargo.com}}</ref>
|-
| <div>CSC Group, CSCI Pvt Ltd. ''(CSC: Cargo Service Center, India)''</div>|| Chairman, director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=25 June 2015 |title=E-commerce will boost air cargo movement |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ecommerce-will-boost-air-cargo-movement/article7353813.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090828/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ecommerce-will-boost-air-cargo-movement/article7353813.ece |archive-date=9 June 2018 |website=thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=About cscindia |url=http://cscindia.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171748/http://cscindia.in/ |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=cscindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=CSC JV Awarded International Cargo Handling Concession at CSIA Airport Mumbai |url=http://www.dailyshippingtimes.com/news-upload/upload/fullnews.php?fn_id=18750 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165227/http://www.dailyshippingtimes.com/news-upload/upload/fullnews.php?fn_id=18750 |archive-date=8 March 2018 |website=dailyshippingtimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Tushar Jani, Chairman, CSC Group, talks to The STAT Trade Times at IATA WCS in Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03H5-2ORzuE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090828/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03H5-2ORzuE |archive-date=9 June 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
| <div>AMTOI ''(The Association of Multimodal Transport Operators of India)''</div> || ex-president (formal) ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Committee Members |url=http://amtoi.org/index.php/committee-members-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125151447/http://amtoi.org/index.php/committee-members-2/ |archive-date=25 November 2017 |website=amtoi.org}}</ref>
|-
| Maharashtra State Council's CII || ex-chairman ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Tushar Jani |url=https://relationshipscience.com/person/tushar-jani-4927850 |website=relationshipscience.com}}</ref>
|-
| ACHAI ''(Association of Cargo Handlers of India)'' || Current chairman ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Cargo Handlers |url=http://www.scagroup.in/Cargo_Service_Center.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828061555/http://www.scagroup.in/Cargo_Service_Center.htm |archive-date=28 August 2017 |website=scagroup.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Speakers |url=https://www.stattimes.com/ACI2018/speakers.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124021134/http://www.stattimes.com/ACI2018/speakers.php |archive-date=24 November 2017 |website=stattimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| ACFI ''(Air Cargo Forum India)'' || Current President ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Training for advancement |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/cargo-talk/20170715/281878708407839 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609090828/https://www.pressreader.com/india/cargo-talk/20170715/281878708407839 |archive-date=9 June 2018 |via=PressReader}}</ref>
|-
| Ritu Freight & Transportation Services Pvt Ltd. || Founder, director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=RFTS |url=http://www.scagroup.in/RituFreit.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907230427/http://www.scagroup.in/RituFreit.htm |archive-date=7 September 2016 |website=scagroup.in}}</ref>
|-
| Nijoy Freight Systems Pvt. Ltd. || Founder, director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Nijoy Freight Systems Pvt. Ltd |url=https://www.justdial.com/Hyderabad/Nijoy-Freight-Systems-Pvt-Ltd-Parklane/040PXX40-XX40-140314153227-W2T7_BZDET |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022707/https://www.justdial.com/Hyderabad/Nijoy-Freight-Systems-Pvt-Ltd-Parklane/040PXX40-XX40-140314153227-W2T7_BZDET |archive-date=7 March 2018 |website=justdial.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |title=NIJOY FREIGHT SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED |url=https://www.indiancompany.info/company/nijoy-freight-systems-private-limited/ |website=indiancompany.info}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| Navneet Education Ltd. || Independent Director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Investor Relations Board of Directors |url=http://www.navneet.com/board-of-directors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030080834/http://www.navneet.com/board-of-directors/ |archive-date=30 October 2017 |website=navneet.com}}</ref>
|-
| Transmart (India) Pvt Ltd. || Director ||<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Company Overview of Transmart (India) Private Limited) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=46450747 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306213006/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=46450747 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Transmart ( India ) Pvt.Ltd. |url=http://www.scagroup.in/TransMart_IndiaPvtLtd.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142503/http://www.scagroup.in/TransMart_IndiaPvtLtd.htm |archive-date=6 March 2018 |website=scagroup.in}}</ref>
|-
| Blue Sea Shipping Agency Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Scmooth (India) Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Span Design & Solution Service Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Ishan Freight & Transport Services Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Albatross Logistics Centre (India) Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| SCA Logistics Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Cargo Service Center Cool Chain India Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|-
| Delhi Cargo Service Center Pvt Ltd. || Director ||
|}

==Personal life==
Tushar Jani was born on 29 April 1953. He completed a Bachelor of Science [[Graduation|degree]] from the [[University of Mumbai]]. He has two daughters.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2007 |title=Daughters in the Sun |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/daughters-in-the-sun/story/607.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142620/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/daughters-in-the-sun/story/607.html |archive-date=6 March 2018 |website=businesstoday.in}}</ref>
Tushar Jani is involved in the rehabilitation programs for the people affected by the earthquake, in [[Gujarat]], via [[Tuberculosis]] Research Centre, at [[Bhavnagar]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jani, Tushar}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Chithiram Pesuthadi (2021 TV series)

2025-08-28T08:10:26Z

MonroeDunning09: Made Post

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language soap opera}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Chithiram Pesuthadi TV series.jpg
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer =
| screenplay = Sabarinathan
| creative_director =
| director = Kavitha Bharathy
| starring = Deepika Rangaraju Shiv Sathish Baboos Baburaj
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 477
| list_episodes =
| producer = [[Kanya Bharathi]]
| company = Nilaa Dreamz
| theme_music_composer = Praveen M
| composer = [[Vishal Chandrasekar]] (Title Track)
| cinematography = Anand Murali
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-25 minutes
| editor =
| network = [[Zee Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2021|04|19}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|11|12}}
}}

'''''Chithiram Pesuthadi''''' ({{Translation|''The Picture Speaks''}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] television drama that airs on [[Zee Tamil]] and streams on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title='Chithiram Pesuthadi' to premiere on April 19|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chithiram-pesuthadi-to-premiere-on-april-19/articleshow/82100666.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416100151/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chithiram-pesuthadi-to-premiere-on-april-19/articleshow/82100666.cms |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It premiered on 19 April 2021 and ended on 12 November 2022. The series stars Deepika Rangaraju in the lead with Shiv Sathish and Baboos Baburaj.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Zee Tamil launches new fiction show 'Chithiram Pesuthadi'|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2021/04/zee-tamil-launches-new-fiction-show-chithiram-pesuthadi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420065435/http://bestmediainfo.com/2021/04/zee-tamil-launches-new-fiction-show-chithiram-pesuthadi/ |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=|website=Bestmediainfo.com}}</ref> It is about a social drama, which deals with issues like gender bias and female infanticide.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 April 2021|title=Zee Tamil brings new tale of courage & destiny, Chithiram Pesuthadi|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee-tamil-brings-new-tale-of-courage-destiny-chithiram-pesuthadi-112413.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421115133/https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee-tamil-brings-new-tale-of-courage-destiny-chithiram-pesuthadi-112413.html |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=|website=Exchange4media.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Gomathi had three daughters Malar, Kayal and Thangamayil. Her husband Gurumoorthy, a corrupt police officer left them, has they had three daughter and he desires a son. Thangamayil who aims to become an IPS officer to make her father Gurumoorthy to appreciate her. Jeeva, a rich background man falls in love with Thangamayil and they both married with the support of Jeeva's family and they hid the marriage from Thangamayil's family. Gurumoorthy slowly become a good man and feels for his mistakes and he loved his daughter Thangamayil. But Gomathi refuses Gurumoorthy.

The story mainly focus on how Thangamayil will become an IPS officer and how will she unite their parents.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Deepika Rangaraju as Thangamayil
** A village girl, who aims to become an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer. She is Gurumoorthy and Gomathi's last daughter, Malar and Kayal's younger sister, Jeeva's love interest and wife, now she was a [[police constable]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 April 2021|title=Deepika Rangaraju is excited about her new show 'Chithiram Pesuthadi'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deepika-rangaraju-is-excited-about-her-new-show-chithiram-pesuthadi/articleshow/82142299.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419090119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deepika-rangaraju-is-excited-about-her-new-show-chithiram-pesuthadi/articleshow/82142299.cms |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> (2021–2022)
* Shiv Sathish as Jeeva
** A rich man, who takes the life very easier, He is Rajashekar and Bhavani's second son, Thangamayil's husband. (2021–2022)
* Baboos Baburaj as Gurumoorthy (Sundaram)
** A Police Inspector, who wish to want a boy child but his fate, he had three girl children Malar, Kayal and Thangamayil. So he left his wife Gomathi alone with the daughters. (2021–2022)

===Recurring===
* Jayashree / Caroline Hiltrud as Gomathi (Susila)
** Malar, Kayal and Thangamayil's mother; Gurumoorthy's first wife (2021–2022)
* Sherin Janu / Navya Narayanan as Malar
** Kayal and Thangamayil's elder sister; Gurumoorthy and Gomathi's first daughter; Gopi's wife (2021–2022)
* Abinavya / Hema Dayal as Kayal
** Malar and Thangamayil's sister; Gurumoorthy and Gomathi's second daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Abi Navya is excited about her new show 'Chithiram Pesuthadi'; urges fans to support|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/abi-navya-is-excited-about-her-new-show-chithiram-pesuthadi-urges-fans-to-support/articleshow/82177478.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421085244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/abi-navya-is-excited-about-her-new-show-chithiram-pesuthadi-urges-fans-to-support/articleshow/82177478.cms |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> (2021–2022)
* Madhan as Vetri
** Gurumoorthy's and Kasturi's son (2021–2022)
* Kiranmai Kannan as Manimegalai
** A police constable and Thangamayil's friend (2022)
* Iyappan as Gopi
** Gayathri and Madhuvanthi's elder brother; Malar's husband (2021–2022)
* Pooja Ramky as Thenu
** Thangamayil's friend (2021–2022)
* Visalakshi Manikandan / Kavyavarshini as Kasturi
** Gurumoorthy's second wife (2021–2022)
* Feroz Khan as Kasi
** Kasturi's brother (2022)
* Nathan Shyam as Ram
** A [[Sub-inspector]] of police (2022)
* Ashok Pandian as Rajashekar
** Karthik, Jeeva and Isai's father; Bhavani's husband (2021–2022)
* Dharani as Bhavani
** Karthik, Jeeva and Isai's mother; Rajashekar's wife (2021–2022)
* Suveta as Madhuvanthi
** Natrayan and Malliga's daughter; Gopi and Gayathri's younger sister (2021–2022)
* V. Dasarathy as Natrayan
** Gopi, Gayathri and Madhuvanthi's father; Malliga's husband (2021–2022)
* Sheela / Aishwarya as Malliga
** Gopi, Gayathri and Madhuvanthi's mother; Natrayan's wife (2021–2022)
* Swetha Subramanian as Gayathri
** Gopi and Madhuvanthi's sister; Karthik's wife; Rajashekar and Bhavani's daughter-in-law (2021–2022)
* Anil Neredimilli as Karthik
** Rajashekar and Bhavani's elder son; Jeeva and Isai's elder brother; Gayathri's husband (2021–2022)
* Sailalitha as Isai
** Rajashekar and Bhavani's daughter; Karthik and Jeeva's younger sister (2021–2022)
* VJ Deepika Lakshmanapandian as Mahalakshmi
** A thief (2022)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|14492096}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/chithiram-pesuthadi/0-6-3295 ''Chithiram Pesuthadi''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language police television series]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]

Prem Oraon

2025-07-28T17:27:06Z

MonroeDunning09: made the biography needs work

{{short description|Indian politician and trade unionist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prem Oraon
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] for [[Nagrakata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagrakata]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1977
| predecessor = Punai Oraon
| successor = Punai Oraon
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Pilkhi, [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Kamila
| children = 5
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Labourer|trade unionist|politician}}
| education =
}}
'''Prem Oraon''' was an Indian politician and [[trade union]]ist. He was a leader of tea garden workers in [[North Bengal]], and was a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from 1972 to 1977.

==Entry into trade unionism==
Oraon was born in Pilkhi village near [[Ranchi]], the son of Bhaku Oraon.<ref name=who/> He studied up to fifth grade at home.<ref name=who/> As thousands of other [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]] and [[Santhal Pargana division|Santal Paragana]] Adivasis, he migrated to work at tea gardens in [[North Bengal]].<ref name=who/><ref name=ksa>Kanchan Sarker. ''[https://ir.nbu.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/87958352-dea4-44d8-8676-3d841271af70/content Study of Trade Union Organisation Among The Tea Workers in Terai and Dooars Regions]''. 1992. pp. 126, 128, 130, 135, 178, 180</ref> At the Kurty Tea Estate where he was working, around 80% of the workers were Chota Nagpur and Santhal Paragana Adivasis and 20% [[Indian Gorkha|Nepalis]].<ref name=ksa/> In 1950 a [[socialist]] trade union, West Bengal Cha Shramik Union (WBCSU), was formed at the Kurty Tea Estate.<ref name=ksa/> In the same year, a team led by [[communist]] organiser Debprosad Ghosh (Patalbabu) arrived in the area and began holding meetings, selling literature and distributing [[Sadri language]] leaflets to the workers there.<ref name=ksa/> Oroan was one of the workers who got in contact with the communist organisers, and he formed a trade union that unsuccessfully sought to challenge the WBCSU.<ref name=who/><ref name=ksa/>

==ZCBWU leader==
In 1960, Oraon became a member of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name=who>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=I78yAAAAMAAJ Who's who 1972: General Election, March 1972]''. West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat, 1974. p. 63</ref> In 1966 a branch of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]]-affiliated Zilla Cha Bagan Workers Union (ZCBWU) was set up at Kurty Tea Estate.<ref name=ksa/> ZCBWU organised a ''[[gherao]]'' at the company offices and a strike in January 1966, to which the tea garden management responded with dismissals of workers.<ref name=ksa/> In 1969 the ZCBWU organised a two-week long strike.<ref name=ksa/> Oraon, the garden secretary of ZCBWU, emerged as a popular leader of the Kurty Tea Estate workers and was noted for his charisma.<ref name=ksa/> The socialists gradually lost their foothold at the Kurty Tea Estate.<ref name=ksa/> In 1970 the Kurty Tea Estate management planned to shut down its tea leaf processing factory and instead ship [[green tea]] leaves to another plant.<ref name=ksa/> Oraon organised a protest movement, picketing the tea garden for two weeks before the management withdrew plans for factory closure.<ref name=ksa/> He lost his right leg during this protest, trying to drive away a tractor.<ref name=ksa/>

==Legislator==
Oraon was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]] from the [[Nagrakata Assembly constituency|Nagrakata constituency]], obtaining 21,429 votes (57.16%) against 14,463 votes (38.58%) for the incumbent [[CPI(M)]] legislator Punai Oraon.<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404195120/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1972 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> In July 1972 the Governor of West Bengal appointed Oraon to the West Bengal Tribes Advisory Council.<ref>''[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.39446/2015.39446.The-Calcutta-Gazette-1973-January---March_djvu.txt THE CALCUTTA GAZETTE, JANUARY 4, 1973]''. p. 17-18</ref>

CPI fielded Oraon as its candidate in the [[Mal Assembly constituency|Mal constituency]] in the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], finishing in fourth place with 4,816 votes (12.10%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203744/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref>

==Personal life==
He was married to Kamila, and the couple had four sons and one daughter.<ref name=who/> He lived at the Nageswari Tea Garden in [[Jalpaiguri district]].<ref name=who/>

==See also==
*[[Kurukh people]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oraon, Prem}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from West Bengal]]

Rachel Thomas (skydiver)

2025-07-21T00:24:54Z

MonroeDunning09: made a stub basic info

{{short description|Indian skydiver}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Prose|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rachel Thomas
| image = Rachel Thomas.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_place =
| occupation = Skydiver, teacher, PR
| spouse =
| children = Annie Thomas Dennis Thomas
| parents =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]], 2005 People of the Year - Limca Book, 2003 Indira Gandhi Priyadashni Award, 1995 [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award|National Adventure Award]], 1994 Railway Ministers Award, 1993 Air Chief’s Commendation, 1992
| website =
| imagesize =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1979-present
| known for = First female skydiver in India
| =
}}

'''Rachel Thomas''' is an Indian skydiver. She was the first Indian woman to [[Skydiving|skydive]] from 7,000 ft over the North Pole on 20 April 2002, to commemorate 150 years of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="Hindustan Times" /><ref name="The Hindu" /><ref name="TOI">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Skydiving-to-hearts-content/articleshow/286120.cms |title=TOI |publisher=TOI |date=16 November 2003 |access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Skydiving wonder woman|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/121117/skydiving-wonder-woman.html|date=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander|first=Princy|title=This sexagenarian is India's first woman skydiver whose adventures in the sky were for the thrill and not the awards|url=http://www.edexlive.com/beinspired/2017/oct/31/this-62-year-old-indias-first-female-woman-skydiver-tells-you-why-it-was-always-about-the-thrill-an-1476.amp|website=edexlive.com|date=31 October 2017|access-date=18 November 2017|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226093934/https://www.edexlive.com/beinspired/2017/oct/31/this-62-year-old-indias-first-female-woman-skydiver-tells-you-why-it-was-always-about-the-thrill-an-1476.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the North Pole expedition she stayed on the ice for six days in - 45-55 °C temperature.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/superwoman-rachel-retires-today/article1-317628.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226204130/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/superwoman-rachel-retires-today/article1-317628.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 December 2014 |title=Hindustan Times |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 June 2008 |access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-drop-zone/article638134.ece |title=The Hindu |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 July 2009 |access-date=26 December 2014}}</ref> A former employee of Indian Railways, she was the first woman to compete for India in a skydiving competition in 1987 and has the record of being the first Indian female to skydive over the North Pole in 2002.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /><ref name="The Hindu" /><ref name="TOI"/> She completed 650 jumps<ref name="The Hindu" /> in 18 countries<ref name="TOI" /> during her career, since her first jump in 1979.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> A winner of the National Adventure Sports Award,<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> she was honored again by the [[Government of India]], again in 2005, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Padma Awards |date=2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early years==
Rachel Thomas was born in 1955, at Chittranjan, West Bengal, India. Her parents Alexander and Elizabeth Ittercherya were from Kerala and both worked with the Indian Railways. She has a sister Susan. She did her Senior Cambridge from St. Joseph's Convent Chandernagar, in West Bengal.

She was married at 17 to Capt. K. Thomas. Their first child, Dennis, was born a year later. Her daughter, Annie, at the age of 20, would become a [[Femina Miss India]] winner in 1998.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="Beauty Pageant International">{{cite web |url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/international-winners/International-Pageant-Winners/articleshow/5931192.cms |title=Beauty Pageant International |publisher=Beauty Pageant International |date=17 August 2009 |access-date=26 December 2014 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223131617/http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/international-winners/International-Pageant-Winners/articleshow/5931192.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> The couple divorced after 10 years.

Thomas graduated from Agra University, with a Gold Medal in Literature. She later completed her Bachelor in Education from Bakunti Devi College at Agra with a First Division. She taught at St. George's School Agra for several years before she joined the Indian Railways.

==Skydiving career==
On 20 April 1979, Thomas became the first female skydiver for India, starting her career by completing her "A" license from the Skydiving Federation of India at Agra. She was just 24 years old, a mother of two children, and a civilian when she achieved this feat. A year later she completed 15 jumps which led to her joining the Skydiving Demonstration Team.

Thomas did her first demonstration jump at Jabalpur for the Army Ordnance C, Celebration using a Para Commander for the first time.

'''1983''': Thomas was part of the Demonstration Team for Federation Aeronautical International Annual Conference, hosted by the Aero Club of India. The jump was completed at Safderjung Airport, New Delhi. This led her to meet Claude Gillard, President of the [[Australian Parachute Federation]], a Delegate at the Conference, who invited her to attend the Australian National Parachuting Championship in Australia the following year.

[[File:Rachel Thomas Sept. 86.png|thumb|Thomas, September 1986]]
'''1986''': Thomas received a scholarship from the Hon. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to attend the USA for further training. She completed over 150 Jumps at [[Raeford, North Carolina]]. She also completed her first tandem jump and underwent the Basic Accelerated Freefall Course. She also trained as an Accuracy Jumper.

==World and national competitions==
'''1987''': The 4th World Cup of Champions in Accuracy Parachuting, Seoul. This was the first competition in which Thomas represented India. The event also marked her first jump into a sports stadium.

'''1988''': Represented India at the 19th World Parachuting Championship at Nykoping, Sweden. This was Thomas' second World Competition.

'''1988''': Took part in a 4 way Competition at Nykoping, Sweden where she completed six rounds. She also completed her first 6-way jump.

'''1989''': Represented India at Thai Open Parachuting Championship in Accuracy.

==At national level==
'''1991''': The First National Skydiving Competition was held at Hindon, Airforce Station It was organized by the Airforce Adventure Foundation. Thomas was the only civilian and female competitor.

'''1995''': Took part in the Third National Skydiving Championship in Agra, India.

==Training and practice==
[[File:Rachel Thomas, Sweden 1988.png|thumb|Thomas, Sweden 1988]]
'''1987''': Obtained special permission to train and practice with the Indian Airforce at the Para Training School, Agra, where she completed her first skydive jump on 29 December 1987. She completed 50 practice jumps during this time.

'''1989''': Obtained special permission to train with the Turk Hava Kuram - the Aero Club of Turkey with their team. Her first jump was at Inonu, Turkey, from an AN-2. On her 32nd jump, she suffered a serious malfunction which resulted in a second vertebra compression and was unable to jump for two years.

'''1991''': Obtained permission to train in Russia at Wolosowo during which she completed 25 jumps with a trainer.

==Judging==

'''1992''': Decided to change her course from competition to judging. She trained as a judge at the 21st World Parachuting Championship at Triben, Austria. She is India's First Accuracy qualified FAI Judge.

'''1994''': Judged the 22nd World Parachuting Championship at Chengdu, China.

'''1995''': Judged the 3rd Open European Parachuting Championship at Efes, Turkey. Thomas was unable to continue judging internationally as she was unable to be current in her qualification, due to no competitions taking place in India. It is mandatory to be current in her judging skills.

==International Parachuting Commission==
'''1991''': Attended the International Parachuting Commission as a delegate for India in Switzerland.

'''1992''': Was part of the bid for hosting the International Parachuting Commission in India at Paris, where they won the vote against Ireland.

'''1993''': Represented India at the International Commission held at Washington, DC, U.S.A.

'''1994''': Was part of the organizing team for the 45th Plenary of the International Parachuting, held at Agra, India and attended by 35 countries. This was the first international event held in parachuting by India.

'''1995''': Attended the International Parachuting Commission in Norway.

[[File:Rachel Thomas at the North Pole, 2002.png|thumb|Thomas at the North Pole, 2002]]

==Demonstration jumps==
'''1995''': Skydived at the opening ceremony for the First National Youth Festival (YUVA UTSAV) at Bhopal. The event was attended by Hon. President of India, Shri. Shankar Dayal Sharma, who signed her log book for her, writing "Congratulations".

'''1996''': Skydived at Ittanagar, Arunachal Pradesh on 20 February 1996 for their State Hood Celebrations.

'''1997''': Skydived with the Army Adventure Team during the closing ceremony of the polo match where the Hon. President Shri K. R. Narayan, signed her log book after the jump.

'''1998''': Skydived with the Airforce Team for the AVIA India at the Valanka, Airforce Station, Bangalore from a MI-8 aircraft from 10,000 feet. Also completed a two way jump with Sqn. Leader V.P. Sharma, from P.T.S Agra.

'''1999''': Took part in the 5th Youth Festival at Lucknow, India.

[[File:Rachel Thomas receiving Padma Shree.png|thumb|Thomas receiving Padma Shree]]

'''2000''': Took part in "Operation Royal Salute" with the Jordian Special Forces in memory of the Late King Hussein of Jordan and the Marine Veteran Jumpers. Thomas also jumped with the Prince of Jordan. H.E Prince Hamzab bin Hussein.

Took part in the Air-Show-2000, organized by the Aero Club of India, at Safderjung Airport.

'''2001''': Organized the First Friendship Jump for war Veterans. The Parachute Brigade was celebrating the 60th Raising Day on the occasion. Over 20 jumpers from 5 countries took part.

'''2002''': Completed the first balloon jump in the country at Hissar, Haryan, for the National Youth Festival.

'''North Pole Jump''' from MI-8 on 20 April 2002.<ref name="Hindustan Times"/><ref name="The Hindu"/> Was the First Indian Woman to Skydive at the North Pole in minus 45-55 °C from 7,000 feet, during which time she had to stay at the 89th Latitude for 6 days due to bad weather before her jump. This jump was done to commemorate 150 years of the Indian Railway, for which she was an employee.

Jumped at Chez Republic from an MI-8 aircraft.

'''2003''': Jumped for the Youth Festival on 12 January 2003 and broke her femur bone. That was her last jump to date.

==Other achievements==
* Was honored by the late President of Macedonia H.E. Boris Trajkovski, in 2002 after her North Pole jump
* Has a total of 656 freefall jumps to her credit.
* Has jumped from nearly 16 different aircraft.
* Has skydived in Australia, U.S., Holland, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Russia, Austria, Czech Republic and Jordan (11 countries in all)

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{portal|India|Sports}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Rachel}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian skydivers]]
[[Category:Indian Railways officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]

Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line

2025-06-23T22:52:35Z

MonroeDunning09: further fixed details based on references and corrected details for consistency

{{short description|Railway route in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line
| color = 800000
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Hazaribagh Town.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Hazaribagh Town, an important railway station on Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line
| type = Electric line
| system =
| status = Operational (up to Ranchi)
| locale = [[Jharkhand]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Koderma Junction}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Ranchi}}
| stations =
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = 2015 onwards
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]], [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength =
| tracklength = 211 km
| tracks =
| gauge ={{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = Yes
| speed = {{cvt|100|km/h}}
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi line''' is an Indian railway line connecting {{stnlnk|Koderma Junction}} in the [[Asansol–Gaya section]] with {{stnlnk|Hazaribagh Town}}, {{stnlnk|Barkakana}} and {{stnlnk|Ranchi}}. This {{convert|211|km||adj=on|abbr=}} track is under the jurisdiction of [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]] and [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]].

==History==
This line was announced in rail budget 1999 under the rule of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. The Koderma–Hazaribagh Town section was completed on 20 February 2015. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] along with Jharkhand Governor [[Syed Ahmad]], Chief Minister [[Raghubar Das]], Union Railways Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]], Union Minister of State for Railways [[Manoj Sinha]], Union Minister of State for Finance and Hazaribagh MP [[Jayant Sinha]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/pm-narendra-modi-flags-off-hazaribagh-koderma-dmu-train/| title= Hazaribagh Town railway station opens| date= 20 February 2015| access-date = 21 February 2015}}</ref>

The 57 km-long Hazaribagh Town–Barkakana section was opened for passenger trains on 7 December 2016 by Railway Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]] in the presence of Chief Minister [[Raghubar Das]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hazaribagh-barkakana-railway-line-opened-for-traffic-116120701202_1.html|title = Hazaribagh-Barkakana railway line opened for traffic|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 7 December 2016|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref> As the line passes through a coal mining belt it will carry a lot of coal, in addition to passenger traffic.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hazaribagh-barkakana-railway-line-opened-for-traffic-116120701202_1.html |title = Hazaribagh–Barkakana line opened for traffic |work= Business Standard|date=7 December 2016 | access-date = 7 January 2019 |agency = Press Trust of India }}</ref>

Special passenger train service started<ref>{{cite web |url=https://im22-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216755/0/d210041038.jpg |title=Archived copy |website=im22-c75.kxcdn.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403015059/https://im22-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216755/0/d210041038.jpg |archive-date=3 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> on 31 March 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://im23-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216337/0/img20170330191603.jpg |title=Archived copy |website=im23-c75.kxcdn.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403015128/https://im23-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216337/0/img20170330191603.jpg |archive-date=3 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> from Barkakana Junction to Sidhwar station of Barkakana–Ranchi new line<ref>{{cite web |url=https://im23-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216337/0/img20170330191609.jpg |title=Archived copy |website=im23-c75.kxcdn.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403015339/https://im23-c75.kxcdn.com/0/2216337/0/img20170330191609.jpg |archive-date=3 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> section.

Trial run of passenger train between Tatisilwai and Shanki railway station (31.4 km) of Ranchi–Barkakana new rail line done on 17 January 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trial run of passenger train between Tatisliwai and Shanki|url=http://mepaper.livehindustan.com/?mainedition=Jharkhandkhand&edname=Ramgarh&pgdate1=2018-01-17&edcode=130&strmmode=1&Page=5#|website=Ramgarh Hindustan Hindi Epaper mepaper.livehindustan.com}}</ref>

New Railway line between Tatisilwai and Sanki was inaugurated by CM [[Raghubar Das]] on 29 August 2019. Two new pairs of passenger trains between Hatia and Sanki station started on 29 August 2019.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Trial run on the newly constructed remaining Sidhwar-Sanki 27 kilometer rail section was successful on 18 November 2022. 4 tunnels, 32 curves and five major bridges have been constructed in this 27 km long rail section. Currently [[Patna - Ranchi Vande Bharat Express]] runs on this route, which was inaugurated on 27 June 2023 by [[Narendra Modi]] through video conferencing from [[Bhopal]].

==Branch line==
The Tori–Shivpur–Kathuatia line connecting the Hazaribagh–Kodarma line, was planned in 1998 to speed up coal evacuation in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]]. Currently the Tori–Shivpur sector is operationalised with work in the Shivpoor–Kathutia sector under progress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tori–Shivpur rail link to speed up coal evacuation from Jharkhand mines|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/tori-shivpur-rail-link-will-speed-up-coal-evacuation-from-jharkhand-mines/article24381669.ece|website=Business line|date=10 July 2018 }}</ref>

==Cost of the project==
The project estimated cost for the full stretch between Koderma–Hazaribagh–Barkakana–Ranchi (total length of 200 kilometers) has an estimated cost of INR 3,000 crores. The railway stretch between Hazaribagh to Koderma, a 79.7 kilometer distance, incurred cost of INR 936 crores.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irctc-co.in/indian-railways/modi-flag-off-hazaribagh-koderma-passenger-train-hazaribagh-station-feb-20/1731| title = Modi to flag off Hazaribagh–Koderma Passenger Train from Hazaribagh Station on Feb 20| access-date = 11 March 2015| archive-date = 2 April 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115050/http://irctc-co.in/indian-railways/modi-flag-off-hazaribagh-koderma-passenger-train-hazaribagh-station-feb-20/1731| url-status = dead}}</ref> During the inception of project in the year 1999, the estimated cost was around INR 332 crores, however over the period of time, the cost has been escalated to nearly INR 936 crores.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/pm-to-inaugurate-koderma-hazaribagh-rail-line-today.html|title = PM TO INAUGURATE KODERMA–HAZARIBAGH RAIL LINE TODAY| access-date = 11 March 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hazaribagh Town railway station]]
* [[Koderma Junction railway station]]
* [[Barkakana Junction railway station]]
* [[Patna - Ranchi Vande Bharat Express]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koderma-Hazaribagh-Barkakana-Ranchi line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Adra railway division|*]]
[[Category:Chakradharpur railway division|*]]
[[Category:Kharagpur railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Asansol]]
[[Category:Transport in Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Kharagpur]]

Pappu Yadav (wrestler)

2025-06-23T08:02:08Z

MonroeDunning09: updated page

{{Short description|Indian wrestler (born 1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Pappu Yadav
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| sport = [[Wrestling]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|2|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|[[Greco-Roman wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1993 Asian Wrestling Championships|1993 Hiroshima]]|48 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1992 Asian Wrestling Championships|1992 Tehran]]|48 kg}}
}}

'''Pappu Yadav'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Pappu YADAV Profile |url=https://www.olympic.org/pappu-yadav |publisher=IOC |accessdate=11 June 2020}}</ref> (born 25 February 1974) is an Indian [[amateur wrestling|wrestler]]. He competed at the [[1992 Summer Olympics]] and the [[1996 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ja/pappu-jadav-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418084233/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ja/pappu-jadav-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Pappu Jadav Olympic Results |accessdate=25 April 2019}}</ref> He also won a gold medal at the [[1993 Asian Wrestling Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunil Kumar Ends India's 27-year Wait in Greco-Roman With Gold at Asian Wrestling Championships |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/sunil-kumar-ends-indias-27-year-wait-in-greco-roman-with-gold-at-asian-wrestling-championships-2506425.html |publisher=news18.com |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Pappu}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:Olympic wrestlers for India]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 1994 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games wrestlers for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]

{{India-wrestling-bio-stub}}

Raghuraj Singh Shakya

2025-05-02T17:42:26Z

MonroeDunning09: improve layout for clarity and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|Indian politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghuraj Singh Shakya
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|7|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Etawah]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| residence = [[Etawah]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Etawah (Assembly constituency)|Etawah]]
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor = Mahendra Singh Rajput
| successor = [[Sarita Bhadauria]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| religion =
| spouse = Seema Singh Shakya
| children = Piyush Raj Shakya and Ayush Raj Shakya
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 21 September|
| year = 2006|
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=415
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
| termstart1 = 1999
| termstart = 2012
| termend = 2017
| termend1 = 2009
| predecessor2 = [[Sukhda Misra]]
| successor2 = [[Premdas Katheria]]
}}
'''Raghuraj Singh Shakya''' is an Indian politician and a member of 16th Legislative Assembly of [[Uttar Pradesh]] of India. He represents the [[Etawah (Assembly constituency)|Etawah constituency]] of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].

On 7 February 2022, Raghuraj Singh Shakya joined Bhartiya Janata Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/lifestyle/raghuraj-singh-shakya-bjp-candidate-contesting-against-dimple-owns-how-many-properties/2489754/|title=Mainpuri By-Election: डिंपल के खिलाफ लड़ रहे BJP के रघुराज सिंह शाक्य से ज्यादा पढ़ी-लिखी हैं उनकी पत्नी, गहनों और हथियारों की शौकीन, देखें- प्रॉपर्टी की डिटेल|website=jansatta|accessdate=12 August 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Shakya has been a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Since 2012, he has represented the [[Etawah (Assembly constituency)]] and is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]]. In 2012 elections he defeated [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Mahendra Singh Rajpoot by a margin of 6,264 votes.<ref name="2017 result">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/etawah.html|title=Etawah Election Results 2017|work=elections.in|accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/mainpuri/mainpuri-lok-sabha-bjp-candidate-raghuraj-singh-shakya-history-property-education-hindi-news/articleshow/95530368.cms|title=Mainpuri News: कौन है रघुराज सिंह शाक्य, जानिए संपत्ति, पढ़ाई और राजनीतिक सफर, डिंपल यादव को देंगे चुनौती|website=Navbharat Times|accessdate=13 August 2023}}</ref>

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || March 2012 || March 2017 || Member, [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakya, Raghuraj Singh}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Etawah]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

He Tar Kahich Nay

2025-03-02T01:24:49Z

MonroeDunning09: new a data v1!

{{Short description|Marathi celebrity stand-up comedy show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = He Tar Kahich Nahi.webp
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Stand-up comedy]]
| language = Marathi
| country = India
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 26
| writer =
| director = [[Nilesh Sable]]
| starring = [[Siddhartha Jadhav]] Akshaya Deodhar
| company =
| producer =
| runtime = 45 minutes
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|12|10}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2022|03|05}}
}}

'''''He Tar Kahich Nay''''' ({{translation|This is nothing}}) is an Indian television stand-up comedy show in [[Marathi language]] originally aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=अक्षया देवधर सांगते - 'हे तर काहीच नाय' माझ्यासाठी एक वेगळी संधी घेऊन आला, सूत्रसंचालन आहे आव्हानात्मक|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/news/he-tar-kahich-nay-fame-akshay-deodhar-says-hosting-is-challenging-job-129312685.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> It was hosted by Akshaya Deodhar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tujhyat Jeev Rangla fame Akshaya Deodhar to host upcoming comedy show 'He Tar Kahich Nay' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tujhyat-jeev-rangla-fame-akshaya-deodhar-to-host-upcoming-comedy-show-he-tar-kahich-nay/articleshow/88049517.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Siddhartha Jadhav]] was also part of the show as Special Guest.<ref>{{Cite web|title='फर्स्ट क्लासने प्रवास करेन असं कधीच वाटलं नव्हतं; सिद्धार्थने दिला जुन्या आठवणींना उजाळा|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-actor-siddharth-jadhav-share-his-funny-incident-he-tar-kahich-nay-show-a734/|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref> It was directed by [[Nilesh Sable]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘चला हवा येऊ द्या’नंतर निलेश साबळे आता करणार 'या' शोचं दिग्दर्शन|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/dr-nilesh-sable-to-direct-new-show-he-tar-kahich-nahi-after-chala-hawa-yeu-dya/articleshow/88408470.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref> It was premiered from 10 December 2021 and ended on 5 March 2022 aired with 26 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=अरे, हे तर काहीच नाय; आता पाठक बाईदेखील करणार सूत्रसंचालन|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/tujhyat-jeev-rangla-fame-akshaya-deodhar-host-upcoming-comedy-show-he-tar-kahich-nay-zee-marathi-sp-638264.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Concept ==
It is a stand-up comedy show where various celebrities share their day-to-day life experiences on the stage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Upcoming Marathi Comedy Show 'He Tar Kahich Nay' Faces Intense Trolling After 1st Promo|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/upcoming-marathi-comedy-show-he-tar-kahich-nay-faces-intense-trolling-after-1st-promo-4511648.html|website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== Celebrity Guests ==
* [[Ramesh Deo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Nilesh Sable mourns the sad demise of veteran actor Ramesh Deo, says 'Met him recently, his desire to work as an artist till the end was inspiring' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-nilesh-sable-mourns-the-sad-demise-of-veteran-actor-ramesh-deo-says-met-him-recently-his-desire-to-work-as-an-artist-till-the-end-was-inspiring/articleshow/89305981.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Zindagi Lambi Nahi, Badi Honi Chahiye’: Veteran Actor Ramesh Deo's Last Lines on Camera|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/zindagi-lambi-nahi-badi-honi-chahiye-veteran-actor-ramesh-deos-last-lines-on-camera-4761395.html|website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* [[Prema Kiran]]<ref>{{Cite web|title='मी तीनवेळा पडले म्हणून....चित्रपट हिट झाला', अभिनेत्रींने सांगितला तो किस्सा|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/he-tar-kahich-nay-zee-marathi-de-danadan-movie-prema-kiran-see-video-sp-654506.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Sanjay Mone]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=मोने असो किंवा नार्वेकर, संजय म्हटलं की किस्से रंगणार, 'हे तर काहीच नाय'च्या मंचावर कल्ला होणार!|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-he-tar-kahich-nay-actor-sanjay-mone-and-sanjay-narvekar-as-a-guest-in-upcoming-episode-1026967/amp|website=[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Spruha Joshi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=He Tar Kahich Nay Promo: Actor Spruha Joshi's Funny Story From Honeymoon in Kerala|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/he-tar-kahich-nay-promo-actor-spruha-joshis-funny-story-from-honeymoon-in-kerala-4657421.html|website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* Shashikant Pedwal<ref>{{Cite web|title='हे तर काहीच नाय'च्या मंचावर बच्चन साहेब लावणार हजेरी आता मजा येणार खरी.., पाहा व्हिडिओ|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/zee-marathi-show-he-tar-kahich-nay-amitabh-bachchan-duplicate-shashikant-pedwal-659229.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* Sushma Shiromani<ref>{{Cite web|title=चक्क या मराठी अभिनेत्रीचे शाहरूख खानने पुरवले लाड,कारण ऐकून बसेल धक्का|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/he-tar-kahich-nay-latest-episode-sushma-shiromani-shahrukh-khan-see-video-sp-664956.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* Veena Jagtap<ref>{{Cite web|title='...अन् मी थेट तलावात' वीणा जगतापने सांगितला आपल्या काश्मीर ट्रीपचा भन्नाट किस्सा|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi-fame-veena-jagtap-told-her-kashmir-trip-funny-insidence-see-video-mhad-656280.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/hey-tar-kahich-nahi/0-6-4z548892 ''He Tar Kahich Nay''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

Pothireddypadu Reservoir

2024-09-20T08:20:42Z

MonroeDunning09: general updated section as per guidelines additionally and improved wording for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox lake
| name = Velgodu Balancing Reservoir
| image =
| caption =
|pushpin_map=India Andhra Pradesh
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Velgode]], [[Nandyal district]]
| coords = {{Coord|15|43|28|N|78|35|33|E|type:landmark_region:IN-AP|display=title,inline}}
| type = [[Reservoir]]
| inflow = canal from [[Srisailam Dam|Srisailam reservoir]]
| outflow = [[Velgode|Galeru river]]
| catchment = [[Penna River]]
| basin_countries = India
| length =
| width =
| area =
| depth =
| max-depth =
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation =
| islands =
| cities =
| frozen =
}}

'''Velugodu Reservoir''' is a balancing reservoir and located across the Galeru river, a tributary of [[Kundu River]] in [[Penner River]] basin, at Velugodu town in [[Nandyal district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/07/stories/2007050710730400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509053732/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/07/stories/2007050710730400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-05-09|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-05-07|title=Archive News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/28/stories/2009082855970300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901120230/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/28/stories/2009082855970300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-09-01|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2009-08-28|title=Archive News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/19/stories/2007011902110500.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125082050/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/19/stories/2007011902110500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-25|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-01-19|title=Archive News}}</ref> This reservoir is part of [[Telugu Ganga project]] and mainly fed by gravity canal from back waters of [[Srisailam Dam]] through Pothireddypadu head / flow regulator located across the feeder canal. Velugodu Reservoir has gross storage capacity of 16.95[[Tmcft]] at 265 m MSL full reservoir level.

This feeder canal called Srisailam right main canal (SRMC) also supplies water to [[Chennai]] city drinking water, Srisailam Right Bank Canal, [[K. C. Canal]] and Galeru Nagari Canal in addition to divert the Krishna river flood water to Penna river for storage in [[Somasila Dam|Somasila]] and [[Kandaleru Dam|Kandaleru]] reservoirs situated in [[Nellore district]]. The maximum flow capacity of the canal is 44,000 [[cusec]]s at full supply level of {{convert|267.92|m|ft|0}} [[Mean sea level|MSL]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/projects|title=Telugu Ganga project|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-03-28/Seema-irrigation-projects-see-tardy-progress/216848|title=Seema irrigation projects see tardy progress|accessdate=22 March 2016}}</ref> The sill/crest level of the SRMC at its starting point or Pothireddypadu head regulator is {{convert|848|ft|m|0}} MSL.

As the canal water flow by gravity is not satisfactory when the Srisailam reservoir water level is below {{convert|264|m|ft|0}}, a pump house to transfer 33,000 cusecs into the canal from the {{convert|830|ft|m|0}} water level of the Srisailam reservoir is taken up on urgent basis.

==Telangana and Andhra Pradesh issues==
[[Telangana]] govt claims that Pothireddypadu head regulator, which has approval for 1500 cusecs originally, was modified over the years illegally in united [[Andhra Pradesh]] to increase the capacity to 80,000cusecs. [[Telangana]] state claims that Srisailam project is not an irrigation project and was designed for electricity generation; there are allocations of only 15TMC for Chennai drinking water to be taken thru Pothireddypadu; but in year 2020, [[Andhra Pradesh]](AP) govt diverted 179TMC of water from Krishna river to [[Rayalaseema]] region of AP which is in [[Pena (river)|Penna]] basin. Also Telangana govt complains that AP govt is planning to increase lift the water from 800ft level(currently it can take water only if water level is 840ft or higher) with which AP can divert even more water in future.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pothireddypadu may siphon out 80,000 cusecs per day |date=6 October 2020 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/pothireddypadu-may-siphon-out-80000-cusecs-per-day |access-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Grievances over irrigation water was one of the main reasons for [[Telangana movement]] which led to carving out Telangana state from Andhra Pradesh in 2014.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Penna basin |state=expanded}}

[[Category: Reservoirs in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category: Krishna River]]
[[Category: Geography of Kurnool district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Mamta (Hindi film)

2024-04-08T20:18:36Z

MonroeDunning09: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Mamta]]

Lalgarhi, Tundla

2024-04-05T19:36:05Z

MonroeDunning09: Added data

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{distinguish|Lalgarh}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lalgarhi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tundla block Lalgarhi.png
| map_caption = Map showing Lalgarhi in Tundla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.30941|N|78.37386|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.59
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 936
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283204
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lalgarhi''' ({{IAST|Lālgaṛhī}}) is a village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 936, in 145 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Lalgarhi had a population of 936, in 145 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|85}} This population was 52.2% male (489) and 47.8% female (447). The 0-6 age group numbered 133 (69 male and 64 female), making up 14.2% of the total population. 416 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 44.4% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|92-3}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Lalgarhi as having a population of 472 people (240 male and 232 female), in 81 households and 80 physical houses. It was then counted as part of [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|184-5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Lalgarhi (as two words, "Lal Garhi") as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 296 people (142 male and 154 female), in 45 households and 35 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 393 acres and it was then counted as part of Kotla block.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Lalgarhi had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|85-90}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]