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India men's national ice hockey team

2023-10-05T11:30:08Z

Monirmmhm1:

{{Short description|National team representing india in ice hockey}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{About|the men's team|the women's team|India women's national ice hockey team}}
{{Infobox national hockey team
| Name = India
| Badge = Ice Hockey Association of India logo.png
| Badge_size = 250px
| caption = A version of the national federation logo is the badge used on the players jerseys.
| Nickname =
| Association = [[Ice Hockey Association of India]]
| General Manager = Samarth Sharma<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/351/india|title=INDIA |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref>
| Coach = Abdul Hakim
| Asst Coach = Alexandre Touzel
| Captain = Tsewang Gyaltson
| Most games = Stanzin Namgyal (34)
| Top scorer = Rigzin Norboo (10)
| Most points = Rigzin Norboo (14)<ref name="NATIONALTEAMS">{{cite web | url=https://nationalteamsoficehockey.com/india/ |title=India | publisher=National Teams of Ice Hockey | access-date=2022-01-18 }}</ref>
| Home Stadium =
| IIHF code = IND
| IIHF Rank = {{IIHF World Ranking|IND}}
| IIHF max =
| IIHF max date =
| IIHF min =
| IIHF min date =
| Team_Colors = {{color box|#00008B|border=darkgray}} {{color box|#FF8C00|border=darkgray}} {{color box|white|border=darkgray}} {{color box|#138808|border=darkgray}}
| Jerseys =
| First game = {{ih|THA}} 14–0 {{ih-rt|IND}} {{small|([[Abu Dhabi]], UAE; 15 March 2009)}}
| Largest win = {{ih|IND}} 5–1 {{ih-rt|MAC}} {{small|([[Dehradun]], India; 21 March 2012)}} {{ih|IND}} 7–3 {{ih-rt|MAC}} {{small|([[Kuwait City]], Kuwait; 25 April 2017)}}
| Largest loss = {{ih|KUW}} 39–2 {{ih-rt|IND}} {{small|(Kuwait City, Kuwait; 26 April 2011)}}
| World champ apps =
| World champ first =
| World champ best =
| Regional name = [[IIHF Asia and Oceania Championship|IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia]]
| Regional cup first = [[2009 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2009]]
| Regional cup apps = 9
| Regional cup best = 6th ([[2011 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2011]], [[2012 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2012]])
| Olympic apps =
| Olympic first =
| Olympic medals =
| Record = 4–37–0
}}

The '''India national ice hockey team''' is the national men's [[ice hockey]] team of [[India]]. They are controlled by the [[Ice Hockey Association of India]] and a member of the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] (IIHF). India is currently not ranked in the [[IIHF World Ranking]] and has not entered in any [[Ice Hockey World Championships|World Championship]] tournaments or at the [[Ice hockey at the Olympic Games|Olympic Games]], but they have only participated in the [[IIHF Asia and Oceania Championship|Challenge Cup of Asia]], a regional tournament for lower-tier hockey nations in [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalteamsoficehockey.com/india/|title=Ice Hockey in India|access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref>

==History==
===Background of ice hockey in Ladakh===
{{Anchor|Ladakh}}
The history of [[ice hockey in India]] dates back almost 100 years, when ice hockey was a favourite pastime for the [[British Raj]] in [[Shimla]]. The Shimla Ice Skating Club is still very active in promoting ice sports in India. In the early 1970s, the [[Ladakh Scouts]], a battalion of the [[Indian Army]] posted in the high border regions, took up the game. The high [[Changtang|Changthang Plateau]]'s frozen streams and high altitude lakes make the region an ideal place to play ice hockey, and as a result, the game spread amongst the army. The game gained more widespread popularity exhibition matches began taking place in [[Leh]] in the winter. With little to do during the region's harsh winters, locals began to play on a small irrigation pond in Karzoo, Leh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2016/03/thin-ice-india-national-ice-hockey-team-160302074917460.html|title=On Thin Ice: India's National Ice Hockey Team|website=Aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=All eyes on Ice Hockey Team|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/backpage/all-eyes-on-ice-hockey-team/articleshow/4265266.cms|access-date=2016-10-17|newspaper=The Economic Times|last1=Tiwari|first1=Mansi}}</ref>

Ice hockey gear was not and is still not available to buy in [[Ladakh]]. The few locals who have contacts outside Ladakh have requested friends to get ice hockey skates. The Ladakh Scouts are well equipped as they get their gear through the army. The [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]] department of tourism also had a full set of equipment, but was reluctant to spare any.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/feb/21/himalayan-ice-hockey-ladakh-india|title=Playing ice hockey in the Indian Himalayas|first=Jakob|last=Horstmann|date=21 February 2013|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/breaking-the-ice-story-of-indias-ice-hockey-team-is-stuff-movies-are-made-of/|title=Breaking the ice: Story of India's ice hockey team is stuff movies are made of|date=19 April 2015|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-10-17}}</ref> The only place in India where ice sports equipment is readily available is Shimla, a small hill station in the northwestern part of India, where two [[China|Chinese]] brothers began making skates that are still used today.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-24|title=Ladakh hosts World's highest altitude women's ice hockey tournament|url=https://thebridge.in/ice-hockey/ladakh-hosts-worlds-highest-altitude-womens-ice-hockey-tournament/|access-date=2020-12-13|website=The Bridge|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Due to the lack of accessible equipment, Ladakhis began to improvise, with the first teams obtaining ice skating blades from Shimla and nailing them to army [[ammunition boot]]s. Roller skates and ground hockey sticks were also used. To create pucks, locals cut the thick, rubber heels of army boots into a rounded shape. Goalkeepers wore ground hockey pads but lacked helmets; neither helmets nor knee and elbow pads were used by other players. Despite injuries, due to this lack of protective gear, the game has continued to grow in popularity in the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=India ice hockey: National team crowd-funding bid successful|date=17 April 2015|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-32346496|access-date=2016-10-17|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Director Ice Hockey Association of India Akshay Kumar | DNA|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/news-tags/director-ice-hockey-association-india-akshay-kumar|access-date=2016-10-17|website=Dnaindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2015-04-21|title=Breaking the ice: Story of India's ice hockey team is stuff movies are made of|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/breaking-the-ice-story-of-indias-ice-hockey-team-is-stuff-movies-are-made-of/|access-date=2016-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 2cr for ice hockey | Bollywood.com News|url=http://www.bollywood.com/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-2cr-ice-hockey|access-date=2016-10-17|website=Bollywood.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Schwartz: Ex-Islanders Employee Helps Grow Hockey In India|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/01/28/schwartz-hockey-foundation-india/|access-date=2016-10-17|website=Newyork.cbslocal.com|date=28 January 2016}}</ref>

===National team===
India made its international debut in [[2009 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2009]] at the IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia in [[Abu Dhabi]], United Arab Emirates, finishing eighth and thus last. In their first game, they were shutout by [[Thailand men's national ice hockey team|Thailand]] 14–0. After two more losses, a 10–0 loss to [[Mongolia men's national ice hockey team|Mongolia]] and a 10–1 loss to [[Malaysia men's national ice hockey team|Malaysia]], India, bottom of their group with a goal difference of minus 33, in which they again lost both games. First, they lost to [[Singapore men's national ice hockey team|Singapore]] 5–0, and finally lost to [[Macau men's national ice hockey team|Macau]] 8–0 in the seventh place game. Two years later, they suffered their biggest international defeat to date at 2–39 against [[Kuwait men's national ice hockey team|Kuwait]] at the [[2011 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia]]. On 21 March 2012, the national team notched its first international victory at the [[2012 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia]], they defeated Macau 5–1. India has participated in the IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia from 2009 to 2018, with the exception of 2010. From 2014 to 2018, they played in Division I of the IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia. In [[2017 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|2017]], India finished second of four teams in Division I tournament (seventh overall). First, they narrowly defeated [[Oman men's national ice hockey team|Oman]] 3–2, then lost to Kuwait 8–5, and finally won 7–3 over Macau. Despite the lack of accessible ice hockey equipment and money, India has not been active, nor played an official game against other national team, since 2018.

==Tournament record==
===Challenge Cup of Asia===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Year
!width=150|Host
!width=120|Result
!width=30|{{tooltip|Pld|Games played}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|OTW|Overtime wins}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|OTL|Overtime losses}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|L|Losses}}
|-
| [[2008 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2008]] || {{flag|Hong Kong}} || colspan=6|''did not participate''
|-
| [[2009 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2009]] || {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Abu Dhabi]] || 8th place || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5
|-
| [[2010 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2010]] || {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taipei|Taipei City]] || colspan=6|''did not participate''
|-
| [[2011 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2011]] || {{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] || 6th place || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5
|-
| [[2012 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2012]] || style="border:3px solid red;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dehradun]] || 6th place || 5 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
| [[2013 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2013]] || {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]] || 10th place || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
| [[2014 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2014]] || {{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Bishkek]] || 10th place {{small|(4th in [[2014 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|Division I]])}} || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5
|-
| [[2015 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2015]] || {{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] || 11th place {{small|(6th in [[2015 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|Division I]])}} || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5
|-
| [[2016 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2016]] || {{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Bishkek]] || 10th place {{small|(5th in [[2016 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|Division I]])}} || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
| [[2017 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2017]] || {{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait City]] || 7th place {{small|(2nd in [[2017 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|Division I]])}} || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| [[2018 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2018]] || rowspan=2|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]] || 9th place {{small|(4th in [[2018 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia – Division I|Division I]])}} || 5 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
| [[2019 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia|2019]] || colspan=6|''did not participate''
|-
! colspan=2|Total !! 9/12 !! 41 !! 4 !! 0 !! 0 !! 37
|}

==All-time record against other national teams==
''Last match update: 29 March 2018''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalteamsoficehockey.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/India-Men-All-Time-Results.pdf|title=India Men All Time Results|access-date=11 December 2017|publisher=National Teams of Ice Hockey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803194702/https://www.nationalteamsoficehockey.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/India-Men-All-Time-Results.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:95%"
|+ Key
|-
| style="background:#ccffcc;"|     || '''Positive balance''' (more Wins)
|-
| style="background:#ffffcc;"|     || '''Neutral balance''' (Wins = Losses)
|-
| style="background:#ffcccc;"|     || '''Negative balance''' (more Losses)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|-
! width=192|Team
! width=40|{{tooltip|GP|Games played}}
! width=40|{{tooltip|W|Wins}}
! width=40|{{tooltip|T|Ties}}
! width=40|{{tooltip|L|Losses}}
! width=40|{{tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
! width=40|{{tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|HKG}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 36
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|INA}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 3 || 8
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|KUW}} || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 11 || 70
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|KGZ}} || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 6 || 44
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|MAC}} || 10 || 3 || 0 || 7 || 27 || 47
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|MAS}} || 6 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 15 || 78
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|MGL}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 30
|- style="background:#ffffcc;"
| align=left|{{ih|OMA}} || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 8 || 8
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|QAT}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 5
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|SGP}} || 5 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 9 || 42
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|THA}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 43
|- style="background:#ffcccc;"
| align=left|{{ih|UAE}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 10
|-
! Total !! 41 !! 4 !! 0 !! 37 !! 81 !! 429
|}

==See also==
* [[India men's national junior ice hockey team]]
* [[India men's national under-18 ice hockey team]]
* [[Indian Ice Hockey Championship]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217125932/http://icehockeyindia.com/ Ice Hockey Association of India]
*[https://www.iihf.com/en/associations/351/india IIHF profile]

{{National sports teams of India}}
{{Men's national ice hockey teams}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India National Ice Hockey Team}}
[[Category:Ice hockey in India|National]]
[[Category:National ice hockey teams in Asia]]
[[Category:National sports teams of India|Ice hockey]]

Hattimatim tim (rhyme)

2023-09-30T04:43:29Z

Monirmmhm1: Created by translating the page "হাট্টিমাটিম টিম"

{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

{{Infobox poem
| name = Hattimatim tim
| author =
| publication_date = 1899<ref name="খুকুমণির ছড়া">{{cite book |last= সরকার |first= যোগীন্দ্রনাথ |author-link= |date=1899 |title= খুকুমণির ছড়া|url= https://bookreader.toolforge.org/bn/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_-_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0.pdf#page/36/mode/2up |location= কোলকাতা |publisher= সিটি বুক সোসাইটি |page=৩৭|isbn= }}</ref>
| image = হাট্টিমাটিম_টিম.jpg
| caption = Page number 37 of the 13th edition of the book “Khukumanir Chhara” published by the City Book Society in 1899.
| image_size =
| publisher =
| subtitle =
| series =
| translator =
| first =
| cover_artist =
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| subject =
| genre =
| form = [[Nursery rhyme]]
| meter =
| rhyme =
| lines = 4
}}

'''Hattimatim tim''' ({{Lang-bn|হাট্টিমাটিম টিম}}) is a Bengali folk rhyme made for children. This is taught to [[Bengalis|Bengali]] children when they are in nursery. At one point this rhyme was institutionalized for all children in [[Bangladesh]] and was featured in Bangladesh’s 1st grade bangla book. It is not any more.<ref name="আমার বাংলা বই - প্রথম শ্রেণী">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://www.nctb.gov.bd/site/page/56324be4-3c4b-46fe-aab9-d552a5b9eb8b/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF- |title=আমার বাংলা বই (শিক্ষক সংষ্করণ) - প্রথম শ্রেণী |date=2020 |publisher=জাতীয় শিক্ষাক্রম ও পাঠ্যপুস্তক বোর্ড (এনসিটিবি) |isbn= |location=বাংলাদেশ |page= |author-link=}}</ref>

{{Culture of Bengal}}

== Content ==

=== Bengali ===
{{Poem quote|text=হাট্টিমা টিম্ টিম্
তারা মাঠে পাড়ে ডিম্!
তাদের খাড়া দুটো শিং,
তারা হাট্টিমা টিম্ টিম্।}}

=== Transliteration ===
{{Poem quote|text=Hattimatim tim
Tara mathe pare dim
Tader khara duto shing
Tara Hattimatim tim}}

=== English ===
{{Poem quote|text=Hattimatim tim
They lay eggs on the field
They have two straight horns
They are Hattimatim tim}}

== History ==
Hattimatim Tim is a folk rhyme passed down from generation to generation. The writer is unknown.

"Hattimatim Tim" was first found In 1899 in Kolkata City Book Society’s "Khukumanir Chhara" book 13th edition, page 37. The book is a collection of folk poems and rhymes compiled by [[Jogindranath Sarkar]].

In 1950, Shishu Shahito Shongshad, a publishing house in Kolkata, published a rhyming book containing colorful pictures for children called 'Chharar Chhobi'. This book contained four lined rhymes about the fictional animal called 'Hattima Tim Tim'.

It was again featured in 1952 in [[Narayan Gangopadhyay]]’s book “Chhotoder Shreshtho golpo” in a short story titled “Durshorsho motorcycle”.

The rhymes of the book were compiled by Shri Mohendronath Dutto. After the publication of the book, the fictional animal Hattima Tim Tim became very popular among Bengali children. In 1974, The Gramophone Company of India (now [[Saregama]]) turned the six rhymes into a song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2022 |title=The Gramophone Company of India (HMV) Records Listing |url=https://discog.piezoelektric.org/hmvindia/index.php?prefix=S-7%207LPE}}</ref> (Record number: 7LPE 110). It was sung by [[Alpana Banerjee|Shrimiti Alpona Bondopadhyay]] and directed by [[Nachiketa Ghosh|Nachikheta Ghosh]], though [[Saregama]]'s YouTube video mentions the name of [[Annada Shankar Ray|Onnodashonkar Roy]] as the lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Chhotto Pakhi Chandana By Alpana Banerjee |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWh_NkeDbgo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[ইউটিউব]]}}</ref> In an interview, Roy said:

{{Blockquote|text=My favourite rhymes were ‘Agdum Pagdum Ghoradum Shaje,’ ‘Khoka Ghumalo Para Juralo,’ ‘Hattimatim tim,’ Etc. Authentic folk culture, which spreads by word of mouth, and is passed down through generations. On the one hand this is humorous or non sense on the other. All these folk songs contain many years of experience, folk wisdom.}}

From this it becomes clear that Roy did not write the lyrics.

Again, Onnodashonkar used the two lines 'Hattimatim tim, ora mathe pare dim' - in his rhyme titled 'Jolsha' (in this rhyme he also used the two lines 'Humpty, Dumpty sat on a wall' from an English rhyme).[https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=O1SJBufRQDM]

== Controversy ==
In late 2018, a post went viral on Facebook claiming [[Rokanuzzaman Khan|Roknuzzaman Khan Dadabhai]] was the author of 'Hattima Tim Tim' and that the original rhyme was 52 lines.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 March 2018 |title=‘হাট্টিমাটিম’ আসলে ৫২ লাইনের একটি ছড়া, সঙ্গে রইল লেখক পরিচিতি |work=এবেলা |url=https://ebela.in/hattimatim-tim-is-not-a-4-line-rhyme-dgtl-1.774523 |url-status=dead |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018063600/https://ebela.in/hattimatim-tim-is-not-a-4-line-rhyme-dgtl-1.774523 |archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> The main reason for this confusion is a book of rhymes written by Roknuzzaman Khan called 'Hattima Tim' that contained a rhyme called 'Hattima Tim' which has no similarity to the original 'Hattima Tim Tim'. This book was published in 1962 by Kakali Prakashani.<ref name="হাট্ টিমা টিম">{{cite book |last=খান |first=রোকনুজ্জামান |url= |title=হাট্ টিমা টিম |date=1962 |publisher=[[কাকলী প্রকাশনী]] |isbn=9841900904 |location=[[বাংলাদেশ]] |page= |author-link=}}</ref> The cover artist was [[Hashem Khan (artist)|Hashem Khan]]. A second edition was published by Muktdhara in 1975 and a third edition by BRAC in 1997 with multicolored covers and decorations; these two versions also have art by Hashem Khan.<ref name="রোকনুজ্জামান খান দাদাভাই">{{cite book |last=জয়েনউদ্দীন |first=খালেক বিন |url= |title=রোকনুজ্জামান খান দাদাভাই |date= |publisher=[[বাংলা একাডেমি]] |isbn= |location=[[বাংলাদেশ]] |page=৫৮ |author-link=}}</ref>

The original author of the 52 lines was Nadia Zaman, a [[Bangladeshi diaspora|Bangladeshi expatriate]] living in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], who in 2012, published it on a blog. She wrote 48 lines herself and then added the last 4 lines from 'Hattima Tim Tim'.<ref>{{citation |last=জামান |first=নাদিয়া |title=হাট্টিমাটিম গল্প }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Traditional children's songs]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poems]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poems]]

Mava Mava Maduve Mado

2023-09-16T08:15:52Z

Monirmmhm1: Authored a new article.

{{Infobox film
| name = Mava Mava Maduve Mado
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Arjun
| writer = Arjun
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = J. Ashok Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]
*Archana
*Tarun
*Ruthu
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Mallikarjuna
| editing = S. Prasad
| music = [[L. N. Shastri]]
| studio = Ashok Films
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2000|2|8}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mava Mava Maduve Mado''''' ({{Translation|Father-in-law, Father-in-law get married}}) is a 2000 Indian Kannada-language comedy drama film directed by Arjun and starring [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]], Tarun, Archana and Ruthu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/web-stories/entertainment/gattimela-kannada-serial-ruthu-biography/photoshow/102655790.cms|title='ಗಟ್ಟಿಮೇಳ' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ಖ್ಯಾತಿಯ ನಟಿ ಋತು ಕುರಿತ ಕುತೂಹಲಕರ ...|work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|page=6|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-why-yajamana-movie-actress-archana-left-film-industry-a-kannada-movie-actress-rsm-181687944138889.html|title=Archana: ಯಜಮಾನ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಟಿ ಅರ್ಚನಾ ಚಿತ್ರರಂಗದಿಂದ ದೂರಾಗಿದ್ದೇಕೆ; ಸಾಲು ಸಾಲು ಅವಕಾಶಗಳಿದ್ರೂ ನಟನೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟದ್ದು ಆ ಕಾರಣಕ್ಕೇನಾ?|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=kn|first=Rakshitha|last=Sowmya }}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]] as Gopal
*Archana
*Tarun
*Ruthu
*[[Bank Janardhan]]
*[[Kunigal Nagabhushan]]
*Mico Seetharam
*[[Girija Lokesh]]
*Ravikala
*Ashalatha
*[[Michael Madhu]]
*Vishwas
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[L. N. Shastri]]. The lyrics were written by Arjun<ref name="D"/> and [[K. Kalyan]].

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "This flick is a big disappointment for Kashinath fans. Though the story-line is comical and sounds interesting, the film is drab with director Arjun completely losing his grip over the narration. Otherwise, ''Mava Mava Maduve Mado'' would have been another typical Kashinath movie with all the masala ingredients and a few doses of social messages".<ref name="D">{{cite web|access-date=15 September 2023|title=Mava Mava Maduve Mado|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb20/rev.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229081909/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb20/rev.htm|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-date=29 February 2000|first=Aravind|last=Gowda}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|14742194}}

[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Kamal Khan Gakhar

2023-09-08T09:09:26Z

Monirmmhm1: Added a new addition to the platform.

{{Short description|Chief of the Gakhars}}
[[File:Kamal Khan Ghakkar defeats Sultan Adam Ghakkar.jpg|thumb|Kamal Khan defeats Sultan Adam Khan Gakhar to take the throne]]
'''Kamal Khan''' was a Chief of the [[Gakhars]] and a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal General]] in the 16th century. He assumed the throne of [[Pothohar Plateau]] by defeating his uncle Adam Khan in battle with help of the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar|Jalaluddin Akbar]], his father was [[Sultan Sarang Khan Ghakkar|Sarang Khan]] who was famous for resisting Suris, losing his life in the struggle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Awrangābādī |first=Shāhnavāz Khān |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfG1AAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Maāt̲h̲ir-ul-umarā: Being Biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu Officers of the Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. |publisher=Janaki Prakashan |pages=758-760 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Surinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA92&dq=kamal+khan+gakkhar&hl=en |title=Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia |last2=Gaur |first2=I. D. |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1358-7 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Parvati |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1W_EAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA100&dq=kamal+khan+gakkhar&hl=en |title=A Lamp for the Dark World: Akbar, India's Greatest Mughal |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-7790-7 |pages=100-101 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Mughal generals]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}

Husainpur, Sultanganj

2023-09-06T22:46:47Z

Monirmmhm1: Established a new page.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{other uses|Husainpur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Husainpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.3351986|N|79.1961952|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.945
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 650
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Husainpur''' ([[Devanagari]]: हुसैनपुर {{IAST|Husainpur}}) is a village in [[Sultanganj, Mainpuri|Sultanganj]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 650, in 113 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Husainpur had a population of 650, in 113 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|167}} This population was 54.2% male (352) and 45.8% female (298). The 0-6 age group numbered 99 (50 male and 49 female), or 15.2% of the total population. No residents were members of Scheduled Castes.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|124-5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Husainpur as having a population of 422 people, in 83 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|168-9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Husainpur (as "Husenpur") as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 321 people (176 male and 145 female), in 67 households and 44 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 232 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Husainpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/post office; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|167-72}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Dhruv Pandit

2023-07-18T17:19:45Z

Monirmmhm1: Excited to share my latest work!

{{Short description|Indian Cyber security Entrepreneur}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Orphan}}
{{Notability|biographies}}
{{unreliable sources}}
{{undisclosed paid}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dhruv Pandit
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| occupation = Cybersecurity entrepreneur, Digital Forensics Expert
| notable_works =
| awards = 
| website = 
}}

'''Dhruv Pandit''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[cybersecurity]] [[entrepreneur]] and digital forensics expert.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Times Men of the Year: Honouring and celebrating power, grit and courage|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/times-men-of-the-year-honouring-and-celebrating-power-grit-and-courage/articleshow/99779143.cms|access-date=2023-06-15|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite press release|title=Heritage Cyberworld organises cyber crime awareness seminar in Anand Niketan Maninagar|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/heritage-cyberworld-organises-cyber-crime-awareness-seminar-in-anand-niketan-maninagar/81852776.html|access-date=2023-06-15|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Cyber Threat Reaches Parliament {{!}}{{!}} Tejasvi Surya , BJP MP {{!}}{{!}} Dhruv Pandit, Cyber Expert|url=https://lawstreet.co/interview/cyber-threat-reaches-parliament-tejasvi-prakash-bjp-mp-dhruv-pandit-cyber-expert|access-date=2023-06-15|website=Lawstreet.co}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite press release|title=Heritage Infraspace, Cyberworld showcase their offerings at G20 Digital Innovation Alliance|url=https://navjeevanexpress.com/heritage-infraspace-cyberworld-showcase-their-offerings-at-g20-digital-innovation-alliance-in-surat/|access-date=2023-06-15|website=Navjeevan Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Nitesh|title=Cyberattack Drives Indian Security Services, Products To $9.85 Bn Revenue In 2021|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Cyberattack-Drives-Indian-Security-Services-Products-To-9-85-Bn-Revenue-In-2021/18-12-2022-458533|access-date=2023-06-15|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mail|first=Gujarat|title=Malware Analysis: Has Your Phone or Laptop Been Hacked? -Dhruv Pandit|url=http://gujaratmail.in/news-detail/malware-analysis-has-your-phone-or-laptop-been-hacked-dhruv-pandit?v=1|access-date=2023-06-15|website=gujaratmail.in|language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyber Crime Prevention સાયબર ક્રાઈમથી બચવા શું ધ્યાન રાખશો એક્સપર્ટ આપી રહ્યા છે ટિપ્સ|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/gujarati/gujarat/city/ahmedabad/cybercrime-prevention-what-to-look-out-for-to-avoid-cybercrime-expert-tips/gj20220211212518868|access-date=2023-06-15|website=ETV Bharat News|language=gu}}</ref> He is known for his expertise in [[:en:Cyber threat intelligence|threat intelligence]]. [[:en:Cybercrime|cybercrime investigation]], and [[:en:Proactive cyber defence|cyber defense]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Digital forensics]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Bharjari Bachelors

2023-07-16T18:33:58Z

Monirmmhm1: Published a captivating reference.

{{Short description|Kannada reality show}}
'''''Bharjari Bachelors''''' (Kannada: '''ಭರ್ಜರಿ ಬ್ಯಾಚುಲರ್ಸ್''') is a reality show that focuses on addressing the challenges faced by adolescent boys who are at the age of marriage in society. The program is aired on [[Zee Kannada]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Bharjari Bachelors reality show aired on Zee Kannada from 24 June 2023|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/zee-kannada-to-air-new-reality-show-bharjari-bachelors-on-weekends-mdn-606468.html|accessdate=13 July 2023|author=Madhan Kumar|website=Tv9 Kannada}}</ref>
{{Infobox television
| image = Bharjari-Bachelors.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Reality show]]
| director =
| presenter = [[Akul Balaji]]
| judges = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
* [[Rachita Ram]]
}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| producer =
| runtime = Approx. 60-75 minutes per episode.
| location = [[Karnataka]]
| music =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Zee Kannada]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|06|24|df=y}}
}}
The primary objective of ''"Bharjari Bachelors"'' is to provide a platform for young men to showcase their personalities, talents, and readiness for marriage. Throughout the show, the bachelors participate in various tasks, activities, and challenges that are designed to test their skills, emotional intelligence, and compatibility with potential life partners.<ref>{{cite web|title= Grand opening of Bharjari Bachelors on 24 June at 9PM|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/bharjari-bachelors-zee-kannada/|accessdate=13 July 2023|author=Suvidha Shetty}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The show aims to bring together selected bachelors from [[Karnataka]] and help them navigate the transition from bachelorhood to a stage where they become eligible for marriage. The program likely features a mix of entertaining and engaging elements, including personal interview, group activities, and interactions with experts in relationship counseling and marriage. The contestants are expected to confront and overcome obstacles that are commonly faced by individuals entering the marriage phase of their lives.

== Judges ==
[[V. Ravichandran|Ravichandran]] is described as the ''"crazy star"''. He is popular and well-known actor in the region. Known for his romantic roles and ability to connect with the audience, Ravichandran has gained a reputation for teaching love lessons and creating a world of love for teenagers. In the show, he takes on the role of a love guru, offering guidance and teasing the boys as they navigate their journey towards marriage.<ref name="jud" />

[[Rachita Ram|Rachitha Ram]] is referred to as the ''"Dimple Queen"'', suggesting that she is an actress known for her charm and
captivating presence. She is described as the dream girl of the bachelors. indicating that she is admired and adored by the participants on the show.<ref name="jud">{{cite news|title= Bharjari Bachelors- Ravichandran as Love Guru for 'Bharjari Bachelors',Rachita Ram as 'Dream Girl'|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/v-ravichandran-rachita-ram-starrer-bharjari-bachelors-reality-show/articleshow/101181313.cms|accessdate=13 July 2023|author= Padmashree Bhat|newspaper=Vijaya Karnataka}}</ref>

== Contestants ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Bharjari Bachelors Pair<ref>{{cite web|title= Bharjari Bachelors Contestants for ten Angles|url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/zee-kannada-new-reality-show-bharjari-bachelors-start-soon-svl-1174751.html|accessdate=13 July 2023|website=kannada.news18.com}}</ref>
|-
! Contestant!! Mentor
|-
| Gilli Nata || Yashaswini
|-
| Hanumantha|| Asiya Begum
|-
| Rudra || Chandana
|-
| Rakesh || Arohi Naina
|-
| Raghavendra || Asha Gouda
|-
| Jaggappa || Laasya Nagaraj
|-
| Manohar || Sanjana
|-
| Nawaz || Amulya
|-
| Suraj || Aishwarya
|-
| Umesh Kinnal || Rashmi
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Zee Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]

New Development Bank

2023-03-30T11:26:57Z

Monirmmhm1: Page designed.

{{Short description|Multilateral development bank of the BRICS states}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use British English}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = New development bank.svg
| image = New Development Bank HQ Shanghai.jpg
| caption = NDB headquarters in Shanghai, China
| map = New Development Bank Map.png
| map_caption = Membership of the New Development Bank
| formation = July 2014 (Treaty signed) July 2015 (Treaty in force)
| type = [[International financial institution]]
| status = Treaty
| headquarters = [[Shanghai]], China
| language = English
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Dilma Rousseff]]
| parent_organization = [[BRICS]]
| name = New Development Bank
| abbreviation = NDB, or NDB BRICS
| membership = {{BAN}} {{BRA}} {{CHN}} {{EGY}} {{IND}} {{RUS}} {{RSA}} {{nowrap|{{UAE}}}} {{URU}}
| homepage = {{URL|www.ndb.int}}
| credit rating = AA+ (Fitch, S&P)
| Voice president = Anil kishore
}}

The '''New Development Bank (NDB)''', formerly referred to as the '''BRICS Development Bank''', is a [[multilateral development bank]] established by the [[BRICS]] [[Sovereign state|states]] ([[Brazil]], [[Russia]], [[India]], [[China]] and [[South Africa]]).<ref name="Agreement">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/download/Agreement%20on%20the%20New%20Development%20Bank.pdf|title=Agreement on the New Development Bank – Fortaleza, July 15|work=NDB Official Website|access-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926230441/http://ndb.int/download/Agreement%20on%20the%20New%20Development%20Bank.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the Agreement on the NDB, "the [[Bank]] shall support public or private projects through [[loan]]s, guarantees, equity participation and other [[financial instrument|financial instruments.]]" Moreover, the NDB "shall cooperate with [[international organization]]s and other financial entities, and provide technical assistance for projects to be supported by the Bank."<ref name="Agreement" />

The initial [[Authorised capital|authorized capital]] of the bank is $100 billion divided into 1 million [[Share (finance)|shares]] having a par value of $100,000 each. The initial subscribed capital of the NDB is $50 billion divided into paid-in shares ($10 billion) and callable shares ($40 billion). The initial subscribed capital of the bank was equally distributed among the founding members (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The Agreement on the NDB specifies that every member will have one vote and that no member would have any veto powers
.<ref name="Agreement" />

The bank is headquartered in [[Shanghai]], China.<ref name="BRICS Bank">{{cite news |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/brics-agree-to-base-development-bank-in-shanghai-1405453660 |title=Brics Agree to Base Development Bank in Shanghai |last1=Lewis |first1= Jeffrey |last2=Trevisani |first2=Paulo |newspaper= The Wall Street Journal |access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref> The first regional office of the NDB is in Johannesburg, South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2016/03/07/Brics-Bank-now-hiring-in-Johannesburg|title=Brics Bank now hiring in Johannesburg|publisher=[[The Times (South Africa)|Times LIVE]]|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> The second regional office was established in 2019 in São Paulo, Brazil, followed by GIFT City, India and Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Host Country Agreement for NDB's Eurasian Regional Centre in Moscow, Russia Signed in Brasilia|url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/host-country-agreement-ndbs-eurasian-regional-center-moscow-russia-signed-brasilia/|access-date=2021-03-25|website=New Development Bank|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The idea for setting up the bank was proposed by [[India]] at the [[4th BRICS summit]] in 2012 held in Delhi. The creation of a new development bank was the main theme of the meeting.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/brics-summit-2012-long-journey-to-cover.html | title=BRICS Summit 2012: A long Journey to cover; Overview, Outcomes and Expectations | publisher=The World Reporter | date=31 March 2012 | access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> BRICS leaders agreed to set up a Development bank at the [[5th BRICS summit]] held in Durban, South Africa on 27 March 2013.<ref name="VOA">{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/brics-summit-leaders-optimistic-about-new-development-bank/1629583.html|title=BRICS Leaders Optimistic About New Development Bank|publisher=Voice of America|last1=Powell|first1=Anita|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>

On 15 July 2014, the first day of the [[6th BRICS summit]] held in [[Fortaleza]], Brazil, the BRICS states signed the Agreement on the New Development Bank, which makes provisions for the legal basis of the bank.<ref name="Agreement" /> In a separate agreement, a [[Foreign-exchange reserves|reserve currency pool]] worth $100 billion was set up by BRICS nations.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-28317555 "Brics nations to create $100bn development bank"]. BBC.com. 15 July 2014</ref>

On 11 May 2015, [[K. V. Kamath]] was appointed as the President of the bank.<ref>{{cite news |title=K V Kamath, non-executive chairman of ICICI, is now BRICS Bank head |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/kv-kamath-non-executive-chairman-of-icici-appointed-brics-bank-head/article1-1345986.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511091743/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/kv-kamath-non-executive-chairman-of-icici-appointed-brics-bank-head/article1-1345986.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 May 2015 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |location=New Delhi |access-date=16 May 2015 }}</ref>

The [[7th BRICS summit]] in July 2015 marked the entry into force of the Agreement on the New Development Bank.

On 27 February 2016, the NDB signed Headquarters Agreement with the Government of the P.R.C. and the Memorandum of Understanding with Shanghai Municipal People's Government concerning the arrangements in relation to Headquarters of the bank in Shanghai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int|title=NDB Official Website - Newsroom - Press Releases -- The New Development Bank Signed Headquarters Agreement with the Government of the People's Republic of China|access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=CCTV+|title=BRICS Countries Sign HQ Agreement, MOU for New Development Bank|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EL7wRwMZbb0|access-date=2016-04-11}}</ref>

According to the bank, most of the NDB policies and procedures for all functional areas were approved at the Board of Directors meeting in January 2016.<ref>NDB Press Release entitled "Press Conference by NDB on the Eve of Signing Headquarters Agreement with Government of China" ([http://www.ndb.in http://www.ndb.int])</ref>

On 19 July 2016, the NDB reported that it successfully issued the bank's first [[Climate bond|green financial bond]] with issue size of RMB 3 billion, tenor of 5 years in the China interbank bond market.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/NDB-Successfully-Issued-First-RMB-denominated-Green-Financial-Bond.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=NDB Successfully Issued First RMB-denominated Green Financial Bond|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-15}}</ref>

On 20 July 2016, the first annual meeting of the NDB Board of Governors was held in Shanghai. The participants of the meeting discussed the bank's future work and development and gave a positive assessment to the bank's work. At the meeting, the first green financial bond issuance in Renminbi was highlighted as a milestone event for the NDB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/ndb-boards-congratulate-bank-on-its-progress-at-the-first-annual-meeting.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=NDB boards congratulate bank on its progress at the first annual meeting|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-15}}</ref>
[[File:NDB Creation Milestones.png|alt=Timeline showing NDB creation milestones|thumb|NDB Creation Milestones]]
In 2016, the NDB Board of Directors approved the first set of projects in all members of the bank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/BRICS-banktoallocate100mln-forfinancingsmall-scaleenergyprojectinKarelia.php|title=BRICS bank to allocate $100 million for financing small-scale energy project in Karelia|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/first-set-of-loans-approved-by-the-board-of-directors-of-the-new-development-bank.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=First Set of Loans Approved by the Board of Directors of the New Development Bank|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/NDB-BOARD-OF-DIRECTORS-APPROVES-LOANS-FOR-TWO-PROJECTS.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=NDB BOARD OF DIRECTORS APPROVES LOANS FOR TWO PROJECTS IN CHINA AND INDIA DURING 7TH MEETING IN SHANGHAI|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref>

On 21 December 2016, the NDB signed its first loan agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/NDB-SIGN%20-FIRST-LOAN-AGREEMENT-FOR-FINANCING.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=NDB SIGNS FIRST LOAN AGREEMENT FOR FINANCING SHANGHAI LINGANG DISTRIBUTED SOLAR POWER PROJECT|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref>

The NDB received AA+ credit ratings from S&P Global Ratings ([[Standard & Poor's|S&P]]) and Fitch Ratings ([[Fitch Ratings|Fitch]]) in August 2018, which enables the bank to offer full suite of financial products to its public and private sector clients.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/new-development-bank-receives-aa-plus-credit-rating-from-fitch/|title=New Development Bank Receives AA+ Credit Rating from Fitch - New Development Bank|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/ndb_receives_aaplus_rating_from_sp/|title=NDB receives AA+ rating from S&P, cementing its access to global financial markets - New Development Bank|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

As of March 2019, The bank announced to issue loans of up to $40 billion by 2022 in South Africa.{{citation needed}}

In April 2020, the New Development Bank established an Emergency Assistance Facility that sought to finance costs related to the fight against the Coronavirus and soften the blow from the economic impact. In addition to committing 5 billion USD to this cause, the NDB targeted to provide up to 10 billion dollars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unknown |first=Unknown |title=NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK BOARD OF GOVERNORS STATEMENT ON RESPONSE TO COVID-19 OUTBREAK |url=https://www.ndb.int/new-development-bank-board-of-governors-statement-on-response-to-covid-19-outbreak/}}</ref>

On March 3, 2022, in response to the Russia-Ukraine War, the New Development Bank announced that it put new transactions with Russia on hold.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unknown |first=Unknown |title=A STATEMENT BY THE NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK |url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/a-statement-by-the-new-development-bank/}}</ref> Even though the NDB quickly cut ties with Russia, Fitch Ratings still downgraded the NDB from stable to negative on its Long-Term Issuer Default scale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Asia's development machine stuttering? |url=https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/is-asias-development-machine-stuttering-6055/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.ips-journal.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In May 2022, the New Development Bank set up a regional office in India in the state of Gujarat with the goal of financing and observing infrastructure projects in both India and Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BRICS-led New Development bank to set up regional office in India |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/brics-led-new-development-bank-set-up-regional-office-india-2022-05-20/ |access-date=2022-12-12}}</ref>

In May 2023, Saudi Arabia expressed its intention to join the NDB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=10985828|title=Саудовская Аравия намерена присоединиться к банку БРИКС|language=ru|website=Banki.ru}}</ref>

==Structure and Objectives==

===Corporate Governance===

According to the Articles of Agreement, the main organs of the bank are:
*Board of Governors
*Board of Directors
*President and Vice-Presidents

Information about the composition of the NDB Board of Governors is available on the Bank's official website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndb.int/about-us/organisation/governance/|title=Leadership {{!}} New Development Bank|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

The NDB President is elected on a rotational basis from one of the founding members, and there are four Vice Presidents from each of the other four founding members.<ref>{{cite web|title=Agreement on the New Development Bank|url=http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/140715-bank.html|website=[[University of Toronto]]|publisher=BRICS Information Centre|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref>

[[K. V. Kamath]], from India, is the first elected president of the NDB. He was replaced as president by [[Marcos Prado Troyjo]] from Brazil since 7 July 2020. Marcos Troyjo was elected president of the New Development Bank on 27 May, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Governors holds Special Meeting, elects Marcos Troyjo as NDB President|url=https://www.ndb.int/news/board-of-governors-holds-special-meeting-elects-marcos-troyjo-as-ndb-president/|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2023-04-18}}</ref> Following [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] election, the Brazilian government solicited his renouncement, after then he was replaced by [[Dilma Rousseff]] by 24 March, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Governors Elects H.E. Mrs. Dilma Rousseff as the NDB President|url=https://www.ndb.int/news/board-of-governors-elects-h-e-mrs-dilma-rousseff-as-the-ndb-president/|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2023-04-18}}</ref>

===Capital===

The New Development Bank has an initial subscribed capital of US$50 billion and an initial authorized capital of US$100 billion. The initial subscribed capital is equally distributed among the founding members. The payment of the amount initially subscribed by each founding member to the paid-in capital stock of the bank will made in dollars in 7 installments.<ref name="Agreement" /> Each member cannot increase its share of capital without all other four members agreeing. The bank will allow new members to join but the BRICS capital share cannot fall below 55%.<ref name="ready">{{cite news|url=http://in.rbth.com/economics/2014/07/10/brics_bank_ready_for_launch_-_russian_finance_minister_36599.html|title=BRICS Bank ready for launch - Russian Finance Minister|access-date=20 July 2014|publisher=Russia & India Report}}</ref>

=== Objectives ===
The bank aims to contribute to the development plans established nationally through projects that are socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. Taking this into account, the main objectives of the NDB can be summarized as follows
# Promote infrastructure and sustainable development projects with a significant development impact in member countries.
# Establish an extensive network of global partnerships with other multilateral development institutions and national development banks.
# Build a balanced project portfolio giving a proper respect to their geographic location, financing requirements and other factors.

==Membership==
The Agreement on the New Development Bank entered into force in July 2015, with the official declaration of all five states that have signed it. The five founding members of the Bank include Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

Bank's Articles of Agreement specify that all members of the United Nations could be members of the bank, however the share of the BRICS nations can never be less than 55% of voting power.

Expanding the NDB's membership is considered by some experts to be crucial to its long-term development by helping boost the bank's business growth.<ref name="scmp.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1992943/brics-new-development-bank-hopes-expand-drawing-other|title=BRICS New Development Bank hopes to expand by drawing other nations as members|access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref>

According to the Bank's General Strategy: 2017–2021, the NDB plans to expand membership gradually so as not to overly strain its operational and decision-making capacity.<ref name="Strategy - New Development Bank">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndb.int/about-us/strategy/strategy/|title=Strategy - New Development Bank|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2021, Bangladesh, the United Arab Emirates and Uruguay joined the NDB.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/situation-report/uae-uruguay-bangladesh-countries-become-members-new-development-bank|title = UAE, Uruguay, Bangladesh: Countries Become Members of New Development Bank}}</ref>

In December 2021, the NDB admitted Egypt as a new member.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20211229/6620bbd869e24ba39a9dcfd5c1609332/c.html|title =BRICS New Development Bank's decision to add Egypt as new member}}</ref>

==Shareholding structure==

According to Articles of Agreement of the New Development Bank, the initial authorized capital of the bank is divided into 1 million shares, having a par value of $100,000. Each founding member of the bank has initially subscribed 100,000 shares, in a total of $10 billion, of which 20,000 shares correspond to paid-in capital, in a total of $2 billion and 80,000 shares correspond to callable capital, in a total of $8 billion.<ref name="Agreement" />
[[File:NDB-Chart-BRICS.png|alt=Pie chart showing equal distribution of shares between the NDB shareholders|thumb|Equal distribution of shares between the shareholders of the NDB]]
The current distribution of shares between NDB member countries is presented in the following table.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
|+ Countries by Shareholding at the New Development Bank
! Country !! SHARES (NUMBER) Shares subscribed !! SHARES (NUMBER) Exercisable votes !! SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL Amount (billion USD) !! SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL % of total
|-
| align=left|'''{{BRA}}''' || 100,000 || 100,000 ||10.000 || 18.98%
|-
| align="left" |'''{{RUS}}''' || 100,000 || 100,000 ||10.000 || 18.98%
|-
| align="left" |'''{{IND}}''' || 100,000 || 100,000 || 10.000 || 18.98%
|-
| align=left|'''{{CHN}}''' || 100,000 || 100,000 || 10.000 || 18.98%
|-
| align=left|'''{{RSA}}''' || 100,000 || 100,000 || 10.000 || 18.98%
|-
| align=left|'''{{BAN}}''' || 9,420 || 9,420 || 0.942 || 1.79%
|-
| align=left|'''{{EGY}}''' || 11,960 || 11,960 || 1.196 || 2.27%
|-
| align=left|'''{{nowrap|{{UAE}}}}''' || 5,560 || 5,560 || 0.556 || 1.06%
|-
| align=left|'''{{URU}}''' || || || ||
|-class="sortbottom"
| align=left|'''''Unallocated Shares'''''|| 473,060 || 473,060 || 47.306 ||
|-class="sortbottom"
! align=left|'''''Grand Total''''' || 1,000,000 || 1,000,000 || 100.000 || 100.00%
|}

== Activities ==

=== Projects ===
According to the Bank's General Strategy, sustainable infrastructure development is at the core of NDB's operational strategy in 2017–2021, and the Bank will dedicate about two-thirds of financing commitments in its first five years to this area.<ref name="Strategy - New Development Bank"/>

The New Development Bank is planning to give a priority to projects aimed at developing [[renewable energy]] sources. As it was stated by the bank, it wants to [[Cooperation|cooperate]] with other institutions in accelerating ‘green’ financing expansion and promoting [[Environmental protection|environment protection]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://tass.ru/en/economy/864578|title=BRICS Bank to prioritize renewable energy projects — official|website=TASS|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref>
[[File:Breakdown of NDB's loan approvals by sector.png|thumb|Breakdown of NDB's loan approvals by sector (as of 1 August 2018)]]
The NDB has expressed interest in funding projects that conform to high environmental standards, including those in the field of infrastructure, such as energy, railways and highways in the future.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/new-development-bank-defines-its-brand-identity-as-an-ecofriendly-lender/article8879612.ece|title=New Development Bank defines its brand identity as an eco-friendly lender|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref> At the same time, according to [[K. V. Kamath]], the NDB President, one of the key strategies of the bank will be financing profitable projects (bankable) with return on capital.<ref name="Russia & India Report">{{cite news|url=http://in.rbth.com/world/2015/06/22/brics_set_to_create_new_financial_architecture_43787|title=BRICS set to create new financial architecture|work=Russia & India Report|access-date=27 March 2016}}</ref> The NDB wants "to fund projects that are creative and bring benefits to the local people and environment", said Vice President Zhu Xian.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1125/c90000-9146910.html|title=BRICS New Development Bank aims to offer 2.5 billion USD of loans in 2017 - People's Daily Online|last=F_200762|website=en.people.cn|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref>

The leadership of the member countries task the bank with developing a strong pipeline of projects and responding in a fast and flexible manner to aspirations and interests of its members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/new-development-bank-brics-project-pipeline-arun-jaitley-raj-kumar-shanghai-2927759/|title=NDB should focus on creating strong project pipeline: Finance Minister Jaitley|access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref>

As of 6 March 2019, the NDB Board of Directors approved 30 projects with loans aggregating over approx. USD 8 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/ndbs-lending-commitment-2018-increased-167-bringing-aggregate-approval-volume-usd-8-billion/|title=NDB's lending commitment in 2018 increased by 167%, bringing aggregate approval volume to USD 8 billion|website=New Development Bank|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>

The bank has begun non-sovereign operations with loans approved in Brazil, South Africa, and Russia.

=== Bonds ===
In March 2016, the NDB announced that it will do a [[Bond (finance)|bond]] issue in China to raise funding domestically on the Chinese market. The bond issue is likely to happen in the second quarter of the year 2016, said the NDB Vice President Leslie Maasdorp. He added the bank is starting to finalize the exact size of this bond issue.<ref name=":1"/>

On 18 July 2016 the NDB successfully issued its first green financial bond with issue size of RMB 3 billion, tenor of 5 years in China onshore interbank bond market. The bond's nominal interest rate is 3.07%. The bank became the first international financial institution that issued a green financial bond in the China onshore bond market. The proceeds of the bond will be used for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in the member countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/NDB-Successfully-Issued-First-RMB-denominated-Green-Financial-Bond.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=NDB Successfully Issued First RMB-denominated Green Financial Bond|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-16}}</ref>

In February 2019, the bank successfully placed CNY 3 billion RMB-denominated bond in the China Interbank Bond Market, and it was priced at the lower end of announced pricing range.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/ndb-successfully-placed-3-bln-rmb-bond-china-interbank-bond-market/|title=NDB successfully placed 3 billion RMB bond in China Interbank Bond Market|website=New Development Bank|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>

On May 18, 2022, the New Development Bank issued a 7 billion RMB - 3 year bond into the Chinese Interbank Bond Market (CIMB), making it the largest bond ever made by foreign issuers. It received an Issuer Rating(IR) of AA+ from both S&P and Fitch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=王俊伟 |title=BRICS bank issues 7-billion-yuan bond in China's interbank bond market |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202205/19/WS628651c6a310fd2b29e5dd4f.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unknown |title=NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK ISSUES CNY 7 BILLION BOND IN CHINA INTERBANK BOND MARKET |url=https://www.ndb.int/press_release/new-development-bank-issues-cny-7-billion-bond-in-china-interbank-bond-market/}}</ref>

== Relations with other institutions ==

=== Approach ===
The Articles of Agreement of the bank say that the NDB was established to complement the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development. Moreover, the NDB is authorized by its founders to cooperate within its mandate with other international organizations, as well as national entities (public or private), in particular with international financial institutions and national development banks.<ref name="Agreement" />

The NDB President K.V.Kamath stresses that the bank regards other international financial institutions, including IMF and World Bank as partners, not rivals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/48002259.cms|title=Not here to compete with IMF, World Bank: NDB chief KV Kamath - The Economic Times|access-date=2016-08-30}}</ref>

=== Asian Development Bank ===
In July 2016, the NDB signed with [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB) a memorandum of understanding on strategic cooperation. The two institutions expressed willingness to work together through co-financing and knowledge exchanges in areas including sustainable development projects in renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, sustainable water management, and sewage treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/ndb-adb-sign-mou-on-cooperation-for-sustainable-iclusive-growth.php#parentHorizontalTab2|title=President of the New Development Bank K. V. Kamath Met President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-08-26}}</ref>

=== Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ===
Although some analysts{{Who}} hypothesise that the [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] (AIIB) and the NDB would compete with one another, currently there is no evidence of competition among these institutions.

Talking about the relations with AIIB, officials from the NDB's member states point out the difference in the member states of the NDB and AIIB as well as a potential to complement in working together to meet development and infrastructural needs.{{citation needed}}

According to a representative of the Bank's management, the NDB and AIIB are sister institutions in many respects. These two banks have complementary mandates and different geographic focuses, with the NDB being more focused on BRICS countries. At the same time, there is a certain overlapping between mandates of the NDB and the AIIB, as both of them are aimed at developing infrastructure and pay a special attention to sustainable development. However, due to the fact that current financing and investment patterns are inadequate in meeting investment needs, there is "space for newcomers", he said.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://insight.amcham-shanghai.org/5-minutes-with-leslie-maasdorp-of-the-new-development-bank/|title=5 Minutes with Leslie Maasdorp of the New Development Bank – Insight|website=Insight|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref>

In February 2016, the president of the NDB dismissed concerns over overlapping of interests of China-backed AIIB and the NDB.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/First-Brics-bank-loan-to-India-likely-for-solar-project-Kamath/articleshow/51178889.cms?|title=First Brics bank loan to India likely for solar project: Kamath - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

=== World Bank ===
According to media reports, other multilateral development institutions, including the [[World Bank Group]] (WBG), have expressed an intention to work together with the NDB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/24/c_134441415.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728003859/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/24/c_134441415.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2015|title=China Headlines NDB president says to work with AIIB, hails bloc's significance - Xinhua|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

In September 2016, NDB and World Bank Group signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation and it was announced that the NDB and WBG's cooperative efforts will focus primarily on infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndb.int/press_release/world-bank-group-new-development-bank-lay-groundwork-cooperation/|title=World Bank Group, New Development Bank Lay Groundwork for Cooperation - New Development Bank|work=New Development Bank|access-date=2017-04-28|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Partnerships and cooperation agreements ==
=== Multilateral development banks ===

* [[World Bank]]
* [[Inter-American Development Bank]] (IDB)
* [[Plata Basin Financial Development Fund|Financial Fund for the Development of the River Plate Basin]] (FONPLATA)
* [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD)
* [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] (AIIB)
* [[Caribbean Development Bank]] (CDB)
* [[Eurasian Development Bank]] (EDB)
* [[International Investment Bank]] (IIB)
* [[CAF – Development Bank of Latin America|Development Bank of Latin America]] (CAF)
*[[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB)
*[[Islamic Development Bank]] (IsDB)
*[[European Investment Bank]] (EIB)

=== National development banks ===

* [[Development Bank of Southern Africa]] (DBSA)
*[[Agricultural Development Bank of China]] (ADBC)
*[[Exim Bank of China]]
* [[China Development Bank]] (CDB)
* [[Brazilian Development Bank|Brazilian National Bank for Economic and Social Development]] (BNDES)

==Reception==
[[File:New Development Bank Logo.svg|alt=Bank's logo|thumb|The logo of the NDB in the bank's HQ in Shanghai]]

=== Prominent scholars ===
In July 2014, [[Nobel Prize]] winning economist [[Joseph Stiglitz]] said the NDB marks a "fundamental change in global economic and political [[power (social and political)|power]]." In his opinion, "The existing institutions just don't have enough [[resource]]s."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2014/7/17/nobel_economist_joseph_stiglitz_hails_new|title=Nobel Economist Joseph Stiglitz Hails New BRICS Bank Challenging U.S.-Dominated World Bank & IMF|website=Democracy Now!|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref>

In the analysis of academic Suisheng Zhao, China's role in the creation of the NBD is "a symbolic gesture to create a sort of IMF clone writ small toward reshaping the Western-dominated international financial architecture."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=243 |oclc=1331741429 |author-link=Suisheng Zhao}}</ref>

=== Officials ===
Chinese Premier [[Li Keqiang]] called the opening of the NDB an "important step forward" in cooperation among BRICS countries. "This is great progress in financial cooperation among developing countries and emerging economies, as well as a helpful supplement to the [[global financial system]]," Li Keqiang said at a meeting with K. V. Kamath in Beijing in July, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/business/2015-07/24/content_36136846.htm|title=NDB president says to work with AIIB - China.org.cn|website=www.china.org.cn|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

China Finance Minister [[Lou Jiwei]] said that the establishment of the NDB and the Beijing-led AIIB would encourage existing multilateral institutions to do better. At a [[news conference]] at the conclusion of the [[G-20 major economies|G20]] meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors in Shanghai he added that the New Development Bank could help drive aggregate global [[demand]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/g20-china-ndb-idUSB9N12Y01V|title=China finmin says establishment of NDB may help drive global demand|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

=== Bankers ===
8 July 2015, [[VTB]] [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] [[Andrey Kostin]] said that the NDB is "important because it's a first institution created by the BRICS countries." "Actually we are talking about the [[Institutionalisation|institutionalization]] of the BRICS process, and that's quite important I think. It's a permanent working instrument which will be working every day and which will be in the heart of BRICS cooperation," he added.

According to former [[Reserve Bank of India]] governor [[Raghuram Rajan]], the NDB "Is a co-operative effort between all BRICS countries." "We have already reached contingency reserve agreement (CRA). This is second. Let's see how it develops. Lots of hopes embedded in it for greater cooperation (among the) BRICS countries," he told reporters in February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/brics-bank-a-worthwhile-venture-off-togood-start-rbi-guv-rajan/story-Tj7GdRFQnI0MDXjWYKARXP.html|title=BRICS bank a 'worthwhile venture', off to good start: RBI guv Rajan|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

== Logo and identity ==
[[File:NDB-HQ-LOGO.jpg|alt=Bank's logo and BRICS flags|thumb|The logo of the NDB in the bank's HQ in Shanghai]]
The logo of the New Development Bank borrows from the mathematical concept of a [[Möbius strip|Mobius strip]] that symbolizes the idea of continuous transformation. Its nature is not to disrupt but drive change in the existing system from within.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-07/news/69589856_1_new-development-bank-brics-nations-brics-bank|title=DY Works bags integrated branding rights for BRICS bank|website=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dyworks.in/works/ndb/|title=New Development Bank {{!}} DYWORKS|website=dyworks.in|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>

The logo consists of a triangle in motion at one end signifying balanced evolution. The other end, moving in the opposite direction, is a [[propeller]] that represents speed and [[wikt:dynamism|dynamism]]. These two entities are held together by a wireframe, the skeletal basic of infrastructure. The logo is rendered in gradient of green that symbolizes [[sustainability]]. This constant motion symbolizes the values that the bank strives to live by – [[agility]], [[innovation]] and [[Transformation (function)|continuous transformation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndb.int/our-identity.php|title=Our Identity {{!}} New Development Bank|website=www.ndb.int|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>

==List of New Development Bank presidents==
; Status

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!#
! Portrait
! Name
! Term
! Nationality
! Background
! Notes
|-
| 1
| [[File:The President, New Development Bank, Shri K.V. Kamath addressing a press conference after the Second National Development Bank (NDB) Annual Board of Governors’ Meeting, in New Delhi on April 01, 2017 (Cropped).jpg|80px]]
| {{sortname|K.V.|Kamath}}
| May 11, 2015 – May 27, 2020
| {{Flagu|India}}
| [[MBA]] at [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]]; former Chairman of ''[[Infosys Limited]]''; former Non-Executive Chairman of [[ICICI Bank]]
| First New Development Bank president
|-
| 2
| [[File:Marcos Troyjo.jpg|84x84px]]
| {{sortname|Marcos|Prado Troyjo}}
| May 27, 2020 – March 24, 2023
| {{Flagu|Brazil}}
| Diplomat, economist and sociologist; Founder and Director of BRICLab at Columbia University; former Deputy Economy Minister for Foreign Trade & International Affairs of Brazil
|First Brazilian to lead a multilateral development institution
|-
| 3
| [[File:President Dilma Rousseff.png|80px]]
| {{sortname|Dilma|Rousseff}}
| March 24, 2023 – present
| {{flagu|Brazil}}
| Economist at [[Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul]]; former [[President of Brazil]] ; former [[Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil)|Minister of Mines and Energy in Brazil]].
| First woman to lead New Development Bank
|-
! colspan=7 | References:<ref>{{Cite web |title=History| url=https://www.ndb.int/about-ndb/history/ |publisher=NDB |location=Shanghai |access-date=March 26, 2023}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement]]
* [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.ndb.int}}
* [http://www.ndb.int/news.php Newsroom section on the official website of the New Development Bank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301201045/http://www.ndb.int/news.php }}
* {{LinkedIn page|company/10592972}}

{{Clear}}
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[[Category:BRICS|D]]
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[[Category:Organizations established in 2015]]

Kamboh

2023-02-06T11:08:06Z

Monirmmhm1: Published an enlightening piece.

#REDIRECT [[Kamboj]]

Indian Emergency

2022-03-10T19:46:12Z

Monirmmhm1: Fresh page.

#REDIRECT [[The Emergency (India)]]