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Hossein Nuri

2026-05-25T12:17:54Z

MohammedMathieu: Started Basic Pg Basic Info!

{{Short description|Iranian artist and filmmaker}}
{{About|the Iranian painter, playwright and director|other people|Hossein Nouri (disambiguation){{!}}Hossein Nouri}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hossein Nuri
| native_name = {{lang|fa|حسین نوری}}
| image = Hossein Nuri 2014.jpg
| caption = Nuri in 2014
| birth_name = Gholam Hossein Nuri Nekah
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|07|01}}
| birth_place = [[Mashhad]], [[Khorasan]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Painter]], [[playwright]], [[filmmaker]]
| other_names =
| disappeared_status =
| family =
| spouse = [[Nadia Maftouni]]
| children = 2
| networth =
| agent =
| website = {{URL|www.NuriGallery.com}}
}}

'''Hossein Nuri''' (also spelled '''Hosein Noori''' or '''Hussein Nouri''') ({{langx|fa|حسین نوری}}, born 1 July 1954) is an Iranian [[Painting|painter]], [[playwright]] and [[film director]]. One of Nuri's pre-eminent characteristics is that despite his physical limitations he has gained professional acclaim in three fields of painting, theater, and cinema.

==Early life==
'''Hossein Nuri''' was born on the first of July 1954 in [[Mashhad]], [[Iran]]. He lost his father at the age of three and, despite all the difficulties, his mother raised him along with his brother who was a year older than him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid=4570|title=گزارشی از نمایشگاه نقاشی آقای حسین نوری و گفتگو با همسر ایشان}}</ref> He showed his talent in painting in specialized painting classes at elementary school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yanous.com/pratique/culture/culture041022.html|title=La peinture selon Nuri|date=22 October 2004 }}</ref> After finishing elementary school in [[Mashhad]], he gained a scholarship to continue studies at Farah Industrial Boarding School in [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid=4570|title=گزارشی از نمایشگاه نقاشی آقای حسین نوری و گفتگو با همسر ایشان}}</ref>

==Torture and disability==
Farah Industrial Boarding School was closely monitored by [[SAVAK]], Iran's pre-revolution secret service. In 1972, Nuri wrote a play which was a political satire criticizing the system and defending human rights. Minutes after the play was staged, it was interrupted by military forces present at the school. Nuri was tortured severely by SAVAK, lost the ability to move his hands and legs, and his internal health started to deteriorate. He was sent to a hospital while he was still imprisoned by SAVAK. Finally as a result of severe damage to Nuri's body, SAVAK released him and he came back to his family who were then residing at [[Torbat-e Jam]]. Nuri continued painting by holding the brush with his mouth and uses a wheelchair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yanous.com/pratique/culture/culture041022.html|title=La peinture selon Nuri|date=22 October 2004 }}</ref>

==Marriage==
After the revolution, Nuri again decided to write plays and staged them in different cities. In a speech he made for the students of [[Sharif University of Technology]], [[Nadia Maftouni]], who was a student of [[Applied physics]], fell in love with Nuri and proposed to him. Nuri accepted and she left her studies to live with Nuri in [[Torbat-e Jam]]. They have two sons; Abolfazl Nuri and Mahmoud Nuri. Later, they moved to [[Mashhad]], and afterwards to [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/257233|title=وقتی در زندگی عشق حرف آخر را می‌زند|date=25 April 2014 }}</ref>

==Painting style==
In 2004, Nuri introduced his new style of painting in an exhibition he held in Paris. It was based on the painter's intention to create a certain design out of an abstract process. The outcome was a combination of improvisation and calculated design. French painters suggested the name "Reflection" (Réflexion) for the style, which Nuri approved. Nuri does this process with materials such as oil-color and acrylic on large canvas and particularly the large scale of his works is one of his contributions to abstract painting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.honarnews.com/vdcg3t9q.ak93z4prra.html|title=هنر بازتاب ظاهر و باطن است}}</ref> The use of bright colors and recurrence of butterflies are other characteristics of his style. Many of Nuri's works in the ''Reflection'' style are diptychs in which one side reflects the other. During four decades, Nuri has displayed his paintings in more than a hundred individual exhibitions in multiple cities of Iran and in capitals of France, China, Germany, Algeria, Lebanon, and Austria.<ref>https://www.isna.ir/news/8405-07354</ref>

==Theatrical career==
[[File:Hossein Nuri Theater.jpg|thumb|Maestro Hossein Nuri Theater]]
Nuri's theatrical career was revived after the revolution and it wasn't ever secondary to his painting career. In the 80s and 90s He wrote and staged several award-winning plays including ''The Purgatory Stop'' (1981), ''The Crimson Cloak'' (1982), ''The Last Festival'' (1983), ''The Circus'' (1985), ''Companion'' (1990), ''Beloved'' (1991), ''Intuition'' (1994), and ''The Seeker'' (1996).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4703921/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF|title=Hossein Nuri's Theaterical Career|date=27 August 2019 }}</ref> As an established character in Iranian theater history, a theater in city of [[Mashhad]], which is one of Iran's theatrical poles, was named after him as ''[[Ustad]] Hossein Nuri Theater''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theater.ir/fa/125115/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%C2%AB%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%C2%BB-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=Maestro Hossein Nuri Theater Opened in Mashhad|date=September 2019 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Theatrical Awards and Accolades for Hossein Nuri
!Year
!Event
!Award/Accolade
!Title
|-
| 1984
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr II International Theater Festival]]
|Best Play
| ''Crimson Cloak''
|-
| 1992
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr X International Theater Festival]]
|Best Play
| ''Beloved''
|-
| 1993
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr XI International Theater Festival]]
|Commended Play
| ''The Circus''
|-
| 1994
| Defense I International Playwrights Festival
|Commended Play
| ''Intuition''
|-
| 1996
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr XIV International Theater Festival]]
|Commended Play
| ''Intuition''
|-
| 2001
| Defense Theater Festival 2001
|Best Play
| ''Companion''
|-
| 2002
| Defense Theater Festival 2002
|Best Play
| ''The Seeker''
|-
| 2003
| [[Dialogue Among Civilizations|Dialogue Among Civilizations center]]
|Special Recognition
| For Lifetime Achievements
|-
| 2004
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr XXIII International Theater Festival]]
|Special Recognition
| For Lifetime Achievements
|-
| 2009
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr XXVII International Theater Festival]]
|Special Recognition
| For Lifetime Achievements
|-
| 2020
| Opening of a theater (building) in his name: ''Maestro Hossein Nuri Theater''
|
|
|-
| 2024
| [[Fajr International Theater Festival|Fajr XLII International Theater Festival]]
|Equivalent PhD Degree in Playwriting<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.irna.ir/news/85361315 | title=اهدای نشان درجه یک هنری به ۸ هنرمند | date=21 January 2024 }}</ref>
|
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|+Main Stage Projects with Nuri's Involvement
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Playwright
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Venue
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1981
|''Monastery of the Magi''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Red Crescent Theater
|
|-
|1982
|''The Purgatory Stop''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| [[City Theater of Tehran]]
|
|-
|1983
|''The Crimson Cloak''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|[[Vahdat Hall]]
|<ref>[[Islamic Republican (newspaper)|Islamic Republican Daily]] (December 29, 1983) p. 9</ref>
|-
|1985
| ''Rattlesnake''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| [[City Theater of Tehran]]
| <ref>[[Kayhan]] (October 30, 1985), p. 6</ref>
|-
|1985
|''The Last Festival''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Molavi Theater
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theater.ir/fa/artists/629|title=Nuri's ''The Last Festival'' Directed By Fanaian as ''Unveiling''|date=10 August 2010 }}</ref>
|-
|1991
|''Companion''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| [[City Theater of Tehran]]
| <ref>[[Ettela'at]] (October 15, 1991), p. 5</ref>
|-
|1992
|''Beloved''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Molavi Theater
| <ref>[[Ettela'at|Ettela'at Weekly]] (January 15, 1992), no. 2557 p. 23</ref>
|-
|1992
|''Borrowed Land''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Molavi Theater
|<ref>[[Islamic Republican (newspaper)|Islamic Republican Daily]] (June 7, 1992) p. 14</ref>
|-
|1993
|''The Circus''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Molavi Theater
|<ref>[[Hamshahri]] (September 9, 1993) p. 10</ref>
|-
|1995
|''Witnesses''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[City Theater of Tehran]]
| <ref>[[Iran (newspaper)|Iran Daily]] (July 25, 1995) p. 12</ref>
|-
|2002
|''The Seeker''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Molavi Theater
| <ref>[[Jam-e Jam (newspaper)|Jam-e Jam]] (December 24, 2001) p. 8</ref>
|}

==Television and cinema==
Nuri directed several documentaries and television programs in the 80s and 90s. In early 2000s he directed some of his plays for television including ''The Last Festival'', ''The Circus'', ''Beloved'', ''Intuition'', and ''The Seeker''. He was co-writer of the [[Saint Mary (film)|Saint Mary project]] of which a movie version was primarily released in theaters in 2000 and later the extended TV version was televised on multiple global networks and became a hit.<ref name="www1.jamejamonline.ir">{{cite web|url=http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100004206398|title=Behind the Scenes of Nuri's Directing|accessdate=3 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418055034/http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100004206398|archivedate=18 April 2015}}</ref>

In 2019 Nuri wrote and directed the feature film ''[[My Arms Flew]]'' which was based on some actual events in his life. The film was screened and awarded in festivals and events in Iran, India, Germany, Italy, US, and Canada. After the screening of the film at [[Simon Fraser University]] of Canada, [[Patricia Gruben]] said: "I saw many things the second time that I had not understood on first viewing. The way it works with narrative is fascinating. I very much liked the visual construction of [[mise en abyme|mise-en-abyme]], where an image is inside another image, as with the dirt-bike footage and the cats in the window, and the paintings themselves. Also the dialectic between anger and spiritual beauty — the anger expressed in those violent paintings and suggested in the struggle to get off the floor, and in the brief cruelty of the cat against her kitten. And yet the ethereal beauty of the paintings, and of both Hossein and Nadia's faces, transcends that violence. It's really a wonderful film, and beautifully shot."<ref name="https://www.entekhab.ir/">{{cite web|url=https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/474778/|title=Nuri's My Arm's Flew Screened at SFU}}</ref><ref name="https://www.khabaronline.ir/">{{cite web|url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1256322/|title=My Arm's Flew Screening and Analysis Session in Canada|date=4 May 2019 }}</ref>

Nuri has been a juror in multiple theater and film festivals. He was a jury member in the first edition of ''Cinema and Women Film Festival'' in Iran in 1995.<ref>[[Resalat (newspaper)|Resalat]] (November 14, 1995) p. 10</ref> After his film's success, Nuri has served as a jury member in various editions of ''[[Jaipur International Film Festival]]'' and ''New Delhi International Film Festival''.<ref>https://www.irna.ir/news/83612681/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF</ref> He was a juror in ''Resistance International Film Festival'' in 2020<ref>https://www.isna.ir/news/99082718926/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA</ref> and a program director in ''[[Red Rock Film Festival]]'' in 2024.<ref>https://suindependent.com/red-rock-film-festival-returns-in-september/</ref>

==Virgin Mary painting==
[[File:Virgin Mary Painting by Hossein Nuri.jpg|thumb|Hossein Nuri in front of the Danish embassy in Tehran]]
In February 2006 during the protests against [[Jyllands-Posten]] cartoons of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]], Nuri brought his aesthetic depiction of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]] in front of the Danish embassy in Tehran and expressed his protest in a peaceful way "to respond to ugliness with beauty" as he put it. The incident was instantly reflected locally and globally. The day after, it was on the front page of four Iranian newspapers, [[Jam-e Jam (newspaper)|Jame Jam]], [[Tehran Times]], [[Sarmayeh]], and Asrar.<ref>[[Jam-e Jam (newspaper)|Jam-e Jam]] (February 14, 2006) p. 1</ref><ref>[[Tehran Times]] (February 14, 2006) p. 1</ref><ref>[[Sarmayeh]] (February 14, 2006) p. 1</ref><ref>Asrar (February 14, 2006) p. 1</ref> [[Reuters]] and [[Demirören News Agency|DHA]] were present at the scene, and [[CNN]] covered it in an extended report.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZWFuNakzuA|title=CNN: Artist Bring Artwork to a Protest in Tehran|website=[[YouTube]] |date=11 August 2024 }}</ref> Besides the primary impact, it engendered further comments by scholars and activists in the following years. Linda Sartor of [[Saint Mary's College of California]] referred to the incident in her book about her journey to East Asia.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uB1oAEACAAJ&q=Turning+Fear+Into+Power|title=Turning Fear Into Power: One Woman's Journey Confronting the War on Terror|isbn=978-0-9913196-0-2 |last1=Sartor |first1=Linda |date=March 2014 |publisher=Psychosynthesis Press }}</ref> Ian Linden, Professor of Religious Studies at [[SOAS]] who teaches on Christian-Muslim relations said: "When there was a demonstration in front of the Danish Embassy in protest against the cartoons negatively caricaturing the Prophet Muhammad, an artist, who had lost the use of both arms, had managed while holding the paint brush in his teeth, to create a beautiful painting of Mary. He displayed the image and asked a question: This is our faith. What is yours?" <ref>{{cite book |last=Hearden |first=Maura |date=2014 |title=Mary, for the Love and Glory of God: Essays on Mary and Ecumenism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Bgijv1aQQ4C |location=VA |publisher=AuthorHouse |page=116 |isbn=978-1-4567566-7-3 |accessdate=November 6, 2018}}</ref> Geraldine Smyth of [[Trinity College Dublin]] said: "I think it's a very strong political statement to confront the ugliness with the beauty. It also conveys another face of Islam that has not to do with violence and burning embassies. There are other ways of answering violence and I think this more powerful way, because it disarms people."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aparat.com/v/s99hd0z|title=Scholars of Islam and Christianity Comment on Nuri's ''Saint Mary'' Painting}}</ref>

==Recognition==
[[Slavoj Žižek]] mentioned Nuri in the final part of an academic talk with [[Nadia Maftouni]]. As he was close to tears he said: "And incidentally, I know this will appear very low, but I mean it so sincerely... It made me cry when I read about this. Listen Nadia! Sincerely all the best to your husband."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tSw2OvRN0g|title=Slavoj Žižek on Hossein Nuri|website=[[YouTube]] |date=18 July 2021 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [[Persian Art]]
* [[Cinema of Iran]]
* [[List of Iranian artists]]
* [[List of Iranian film directors]]
* [[Islamic Art]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7591414}}
*[[:fa:حسین نوری|Hossein Nuri in Persian Bharatpedia]]

{{Commons category}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nuri, Hossein}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Iranian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:People from Mashhad]]
[[Category:Iranian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Iranian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Iranian film directors]]
[[Category:Iranian screenwriters]]
[[Category:People from Tehran]]
[[Category:Persian-language film directors]]

Physics Wallah

2026-05-06T12:32:44Z

MohammedMathieu: Started New Details

{{Short description|Indian multinational educational technology company}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Physics Wallah
| logo = Physics wallah logo.svg
| logo_class = skin-invert-image
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_alt = PW official logo
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|PWL}} {{BSE|544609}}
| ISIN = INE0LP301011
| founded = {{Start date and age|2016}} (as a [[YouTube]] channel) {{Start date and age|2020}} (as an [[Educational technology|edtech]] company)<ref>{{cite web |title=Physicswallah Limited |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/filings/public-issues/sep-2025/physicswallah-limited-udrhp-1_96466.html |publisher=SEBI.gov.in |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
| industry = [[Educational technology|Edtech]]
| founders = Alakh Pandey Prateek Maheshwari
| hq_location = A-13/5, [[Sector 62, Noida|Sector 62]]
| location_city = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| location_country = India
| area_served =
| num_locations = 180 (May 2025)
| owners = Alakh Pandey (40.31%) Prateek Maheshwari (40.31%)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sonavane |first1=Ravindra |title=PhysicsWallah founders Alakh Pandey and Prateek Boob join billionaire club ahead of IPO |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/physicswallah-founders-alakh-pandey-and-prateek-boob-join-billionaire-club-ahead-of-ipo-13655452.html |access-date=6 November 2025 |work=Moneycontrol |date=6 November 2025}}</ref>
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list|
*FreeCo
*Prep Online
*Altis Vortex
*iNeuron
*Etoos India
*PW Skills
*PW MedEd
*PW Institute of Innovation
*PW OnlyIAS
*PW Store
*Xylem Learning
*Acadfly
*CuriousJr}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.pw.live}}
}}

'''Physics Wallah Limited''' ('''PW''') is an Indian [[educational technology]] company headquartered in [[Noida]]. It was started by Alakh Pandey as a [[YouTube]] channel in 2016 and was aimed at teaching physics for the [[JEE]], [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]], and [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE board]] examinations. As the channel began to gain more viewership, Pandey also started to post [[chemistry]] content. In 2020, Pandey, along with his co-founder, Prateek Maheshwari, established Physics Wallah as a [[company]].

Physics Wallah became a [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn]] company in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=PhysicsWallah Turns 101th Indian Unicorn With $100 Million Fundraise |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/physicswallah-turns-101th-indian-unicorn-with-100-million-fundraise-news-200854 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref> As of September 2024. the company is valued at around $2.8 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pratap |first=Anushree |title=Physics Wallah's valuation hits $2.8 billion, latest funding round brings $210 million |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/companies/physics-walla-s-valuation-hits-2-8-bn-latest-funding-round-brings-210-mn-3200038 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Physics Wallah [[went public]] on the Indian exchanges with a {{INRconvert|3480|c}} [[initial public offering]] (IPO) in November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sethi |first1=Vaamanaa |title=PhysicsWallah shares make strong debut on Indian stock market, list at 33% premium |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/physicswallah-ipo-listing-shares-make-strong-debut-on-indian-stock-market-list-at-33-premium-11763439801931.html |access-date=19 January 2026 |work=mint |date=18 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PhysicsWallah shares make strong market debut, list at 33% premium over IPO price on NSE |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/physicswallah-share-price-stock-lists-at-33pc-premium-over-ipo-price-on-nse-13682021.html |access-date=19 January 2026 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

== History ==
Physics Wallah, was founded in 2016 as a YouTube channel hosted by Alakh Pandey, an educator hailing from [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The channel was initially focused on teaching the physics curriculum for the [[Joint Entrance Examination|Joint Entrance Examinations]] (JEE), a popular entrance examination in India.<ref name="entrepreneur-11Jul22">{{cite news |title=The Unicorn Youtuber: Alakh Pandey |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/entrepreneurs/the-unicorn-youtuber-alakh-pandey/431140 |work=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]] |language=en |date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Due to Pandey's style of teaching,<ref name="entrepreneur-11Jul22" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2023 |title=Here's how Physics Wallah solved the edtech riddle and is now aiming for growth |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/deep-dive/story/heres-how-physics-wallah-solved-the-edtech-riddle-and-is-now-aiming-for-growth-397870-2023-09-11 |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> the channel grew rapidly, reaching over 2 million followers in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Work, Force, Energy & PhysicsWallah: Meet 'Robinhood' Pandey, And His Freshly Minted Edtech Unicorn |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/work-force-energy-physicswallah-meet-robinhood-pandey-and-his-freshly-minted-edtech-unicorn/77017/1 |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Pandey along with co-founder Prateek Maheshwari developed the Physics Wallah app.<ref name=":2" /> The app was initially designed for students aspiring to take the [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|National Eligibility cum Entrance Test]] (NEET) and [[Joint Entrance Examination|Joint Entrance Exam]] (JEE)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Aryaman |date=7 December 2022 |title=PhysicsWallah, the unassuming underdog among ed-tech firms in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/physicswallah-the-unassuming-underdog-among-edtech-firms-in-india-122120700919_1.html |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumdar |first1=Debleena |title=What does it take to create Bharat's education lab: The story of PhysicsWallah, building on trust |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/technology-and-startups/what-does-it-take-to-create-bharats-education-lab-the-story-of-physicswallah-building-on-trust/primearticleshow/95669148.cms |date=22 November 2022 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] }}</ref> and offered courses similar to those of competing companies at an affordable rate.<ref name=":2" /> Over the next few years, Physics Wallah expanded their offerings by launching courses for other competitive exams including but not limited to [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC),<ref>{{Cite web |title=PW to revolutionize learning space for UPSC Aspirants launches UPSC Wallah |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2022/11/10/del70-upsc-wallah.html |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> [[International Science Olympiad|Olympiads]], and various non-competitive exams including [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] and state boards, among others.{{fact|date=January 2026}}

As of February 2025, the Physics Wallah app had been downloaded over 10 million times on the [[Google Play|Google Play Store]]. The Physics Wallah YouTube channel had 13.3 million subscribers at the same time.<ref name="Kumari 2023 d271">{{cite web |last=Kumari |first=Ruchika |date=22 February 2023 |title=PhysicsWallah CEO Alakh Pandey started his career at the age of 22, check his education qualification and more |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/physicswallah-ceo-alakh-pandey-started-his-career-at-age-of-22-check-his-education-qualification-and-more-article-98157498 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=TimesNow}}</ref>{{not in source|date=January 2026}} In June 2022, the company became a [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn company]] after being valued at over $1.1 billion following its first funding round where it raised $100 million in funding from various [[venture capital]] firms.<ref name="economictimes-07Jun22">{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |title=Online learning platform Physics Wallah enters unicorn club with $100 million funding |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/online-learning-platform-physics-wallah-enters-unicorn-club-with-100-million-funding/articleshow/92056162.cms |date=7 June 2022 |access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref> During the same time, PW also launched its first offline center named ''Vidyapeeth'' in [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=PhysicsWallah launches its first offline center in Kota |date=20 June 2022 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/physicswallah-launches-its-first-offline-center-in-kota/2566666/ |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pokharel |first=Shefali Anand and Krishna |title=India's Edtech Startups Regroup as Pandemic Bonanza Fizzles |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-edtech-startups-regroup-as-pandemic-bonanza-fizzles-11662802200 |access-date=2024-03-03 |work=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> By November 2023, Physics Wallah had expanded to 67 offline centers in 34 cities across India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Supriya |date=19 November 2023 |title=Edtech startup Physics Wallah lays off 120 staffers after performance evaluation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/edtech-startup-physics-wallah-may-layoff-120-staffers-after-performance-evaluation/articleshow/105334591.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> However, in the same month, Physics Wallah laid off 150 employees, amounting to 0.8% of its workforce, citing performance reasons.<ref name=":3" />

In September 2024, the company raised $210 million in funding at $2.8 billion valuation.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Digbijay |last2=Sharma |first2=Samidha |date=2024-09-20 |title=PhysicsWallah closes $210 million funding round led by Hornbill Capital valuing it at $2.8 billion |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/physicswallah-closes-200-million-funding-round-led-by-hornbill-capital-valuing-it-at-2-8-billion/articleshow/113513997.cms |access-date=2024-09-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

=== Allegations by teachers ===
In March 2023, several teachers at the ed-tech company alleged that the vision of the company was being disillusioned and in response started an independent [[YouTube]] channel by the name, 'Sankalp Bharat'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=All you need to know about Physics Wallah controversy as former teachers slam edtech giant in latest video |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/education/watch-physics-wallah-controversy-know-why-ex-teachers-left-in-tears-on-camera |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Through a video uploaded on the same YouTube channel, they delved into the reasons behind their departure from Physics Wallah, citing the company's atmosphere as the primary factor. Additionally, they alleged that students at the [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] center of Physics Wallah were not receiving an education that justified the tuition fees being charged.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=26 March 2023 |title=Ex-Physics Wallah teachers cry on YouTube; netizens call 'pure entertainment' |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/exphysics-wallah-teachers-cry-on-youtube-netizens-call-pure-entertainment-11679798179173.html |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2023 |title=PhysicsWallah caught in controversy as ex-teachers cry on camera, deny charges of Rs 5 cr bribe |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/physicswallah-caught-in-controversy-as-ex-teachers-cry-on-camera-deny-charges-of-rs-5-cr-bribe-374859-2023-03-26 |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

In response, a teacher of the company, Pankaj Sijariya, alleged in a video that the three ex-PW teachers – Tarun Kumar, Manish Dubey, and Sarvesh Dixit were offered {{INRConvert|5|c|lk=on|year=2023|to=USD}} each to resign from Physics Wallah and join the rival company, Adda247.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=WestBridge-backed edtech cos PhysicsWallah and Adda247 at loggerheads over aggressive poaching |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/westbridge-backed-edtech-cos-physicswallah-and-adda247-at-loggerheads-over-aggressive-poaching-10315951.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Moneycontrol |date=27 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The three teachers, in a video claimed that Pankaj Sijairya accused them of accepting bribes from rival platform Adda247.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=Amid Allegations They Were Paid Rs 5 cr As Bribe, Ex-Physics Wallah Teachers Seen Crying On Camera |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/physics-wallah-teachers-cry-on-camera-597126.html |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> The company has refused to comment on the validity of the claims and in a statement to ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'' called the allegations a "distraction".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title='We do not want distractions…': PhysicsWallah on former teachers' outburst row |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/entrepreneurship/story/we-do-not-want-distractions-physicswallah-on-former-teachers-outburst-374979-2023-03-27 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Acquisitions and expansions ==
In August 2022, Physics Wallah acquired FreeCo, a doubt-solving platform and marked it as their first acquisition.<ref>{{Cite news |title=PhysicsWallah marks first acquisition after becoming unicorn |url=https://www.vccircle.com/physicswallahmarks-first-acquisition-after-becoming-unicorn |access-date=27 February 2023 |work=[[VCCircle]] |language=en |date=18 August 2022 |first1=Shubhobrota Dev |last1=Roy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rawar |first=Aman |date=26 December 2022 |title=PhysicsWallah earmarks $40 million for M&As |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/physicswallah-earmarks-40-million-for-mas-11672061670273.html |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhalla |first=Tarush |date=13 October 2022 |title=Physics Wallah makes two new acquisitions |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/physics-wallah-makes-two-new-acquisitions/articleshow/94818865.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Later the same year, Physics Wallah acquired multiple startups that focused on publishing books aimed at helping students prepare for various competitive exams.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=13 October 2022 |title=PhysicsWallah makes acquisitions to foray into govt job prep, print books |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/physicswallah-makes-acquisitions-to-foray-into-govt-job-prep-print-books-122101301222_1.html |access-date=14 February 2023 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |language=en}}</ref> Physics Wallah also acquired iNeuron from [[S. Chand Group]] during the same time.<ref name="businesstoday.in-22Dec22">{{Cite news |date=22 December 2022 |title=Physicswallah acquires ed-tech start-up iNeuron for Rs 13.8 crore from S Chand |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/entrepreneurship/story/physicswallah-acquires-edtech-start-up-ineuron-for-rs-138-crore-from-s-chand-357382-2022-12-22 |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en |first1=Bhavya |last1=Kaushal}}</ref> In 2023, Physics Wallah acquired 50% stake from Xylem Learning, a hybrid education platform in South India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Physics Wallah enters into strategic partnership with Xylem, plans Rs 500 crore investment |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/physics-wallah-enters-into-strategic-partnership-with-xylem-plans-rs-500-crore-investment-10815071.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429112358/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/physics-wallah-enters-into-strategic-partnership-with-xylem-plans-rs-500-crore-investment-10815071.html |archive-date=2024-04-29 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref>

In December 2024, [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] and Physics Wallah, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the University of Innovation (UoI).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Physics Wallah signs MoU with Andhra govt to build AI-focused Institute Of Eminence |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/physics-wallah-signs-mou-with-andhra-govt-to-build-ai-focused-institute-of-eminence/article69013277.ece |access-date=21 December 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
A 6-episode web series named ''Physics Wallah'' on the life of Alakh Pandey (portrayed by Shreedhar Dubey) and his company was released on 15 December 2022 on [[Amazon miniTV]]. The series was created, directed and produced by Abhishek Dhandharia, under his production house, About Films.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon Mini TV unveils trailer of an upcoming show on unicorn Physics Wallah |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/amazon-minitv-unveils-trailer-of-upcoming-show-on-unicorn-physicswallah-355851-2022-12-09 |work=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en |date=9 December 2022 |first1=Shubham |last1=Singh }}</ref>

Another web-series, ''Hello Bachhon'', produced by [[The Viral Fever]], featuring [[Vineet Kumar Singh]] in the titular role of Alakh Pandey, premiered on March 6, 2026, on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2026-03-06 |title=‘Hello Bachhon’ series review: Viineet Kumar Siingh’s earnesty gets diffused in TVF’s factory-made snoozefest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hello-bachhon-series-review-viineet-kumar-siinghs-earnesty-gets-diffused-in-tvfs-factory-made-snoozefest/article70711007.ece |access-date=2026-03-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Hello Bachhon’ Series Review: Hey Teacher, Leave Them Kids Alone |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/hello-bacchon-series-review-hey-teacher-leave-them-kids-alone |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>

== See also==
* [[Unacademy]]
* [[Vedantu]]
* [[Byju's]]
* [[Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions#Infinity Learn|Infinity Learn]]
* [[Education in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.pw.live Official website]

[[Category:Indian educational websites]]
[[Category:Education companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2020]]
[[Category:Educational technology companies of India]]
[[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2016]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:2025 initial public offerings]]

Trads (Hindutva)

2026-05-01T14:17:42Z

MohammedMathieu: created

{{short description|Loose group of alt-right activists and internet trolls}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
'''Trads''' (short for "Traditionalists") is a term used to describe various internet groups relating to the [[alt-right]] within the [[Hindutva]] movement. Advocating for a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nation]] based on traditional values and [[Brahmin|Brahminical]] supremacy, they also want a strict adherence to the traditional [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste system]].<ref>{{cite news |title=These Muslim Women Were Fetishized for Their Faith and 'Auctioned' Online |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/muslim-women-fetishized-auctioned-online-india/ |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=Vice.com |date=12 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Iyer | first=Aishwarya | title=Why Trads, India’s Alt Right, remain untouched online despite hate crimes | website=Scroll.in | date=2022-05-13 | url=https://scroll.in/article/1023789/why-trads-indias-alt-right-remain-untouched-online-despite-hate-crimes | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref> The group is seen as a Hindu supremacist faction that criticises other [[Hindutva]] groups like the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] (VHP), and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), for weakening "true" Hindu traditions.<ref>{{cite web | last=Baruah | first=Sukrita | last2=Sinha | first2=Jignasa | title=What are ‘trads’, used by police to describe GitHub case accused? | website=The Indian Express | date=2022-01-10 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/what-are-trads-used-by-police-to-describe-github-case-accused-7715095/ | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref> Their content is based on provocative hate based on caste, religion, race, and gender and these groups promote [[Violence against Muslims in independent India|rhetoric for genocide of Muslims]] and other Indian minorities.<ref name="k456l">{{cite web|url=https://irs.org.pk/Focus/05FocusMay22.pdf|date=May 2022|title=Inside India's Digital Hate Space|author = Laraib Farhat}}</ref><ref name="Jafri">{{cite web | last=Jafri | first=Alishan | last2=Barton | first2=Naomi | title=Explained: ‘Trads’ vs ‘Raitas’ and the Inner Workings of India's Alt-Right | website=The Wire | date=2022-01-11 | url=https://m.thewire.in/article/communalism/genocide-as-pop-culture-inside-the-hindutva-world-of-trads-and-raitas | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Explained: ‘Trads’ vs ‘Raitas’ and the Inner Workings of India’s Alt-Right – Janata Weekly | website=Janata Weekly – India's Oldest Socialist Weekly | date=2022-01-30 | url=https://janataweekly.org/explained-trads-vs-raitas-and-the-inner-workings-of-indias-alt-right/ | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref>

== Background ==
A sub-cultural movement, it hosts the people who are inspired by the idea of a Hindu nation. The term "[[wikt:trad|trad]]" is short for "traditional".<ref>{{cite web | last=Federal | first=The | title=Sulli Deals case: Know the Trads, latest Hindu supremacists in town | website=The Federal News | date=2022-01-10 | url=https://thefederal.com/news/sulli-deals-case-know-the-trads-latest-hindu-supremacists-in-town/ | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goyal | first=Prateek | title=Bulli Bai campaign exposes the rift between Trads and Raaytas in RW ecosystem | website=Newslaundry | date=2022-01-06 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/01/06/bulli-bai-campaign-exposes-the-rift-between-trads-and-raaytas-in-rw-ecosystem | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref> The debate between trads and other Hindutva supporters exist due to the differences between their ideologies. The trads consider themselves as the defenders of Hinduism and find [[Narendra Modi]] to be soft on the Muslims and [[Dalit|Dalits]].<ref name="k456l"/><ref name="w239">{{cite book | last=Walther | first=J.B. | last2=Rice | first2=R.E. | title=Social Processes of Online Hate | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2024 | isbn=978-1-04-012168-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lpEEQAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PT32 | access-date=2025-02-14 | page=2-PT32}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Arya | first=Divya | last2=Khare | first2=Vineet | title=Trads vs Raytas: The young Indians spreading hate online | website=BBC Home | date=2022-02-11 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60321129 | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Taskin | first=Bismee | title=How ‘Trads vs Raitas’ plays out online as Hindutva fault lines emerge after Bulli Bai row | website=ThePrint | date=2022-01-10 | url=https://theprint.in/india/how-trads-vs-raitas-plays-out-online-as-hindutva-fault-lines-emerge-after-bulli-bai-row/799866/ | access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref>

==Trads and Raitas==
Trads refer to other Hindu nationalist factions as "[[wikt:raita|raita]]s" for having softer stances toward caste hierarchy and non-Hindu religions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hasin |first=Fahad |title=Trads, Raitas, and the Emerging Developments in the Hindutva Ecosystem |quote=
...They are ‘trads’ and they call other ‘mainstream’ Hindutva supporters ‘raitas’.|url=https://fahadhasin.substack.com/p/6-trads-raitas-and-the-emerging-developments-in-hindutva-ecosystem-893699 |website=Substack |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> Raitas generally support Narendra Modi and RSS, while Trads often criticise RSS and use the term "[[Mawlānā|Maulana]] Modi" for [[Narendra Modi]] in a derogatory manner.<ref name="JANTA">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Explained: ‘Trads’ vs ‘Raitas’ and the Inner Workings of India’s Alt-Right |url=https://janataweekly.org/explained-trads-vs-raitas-and-the-inner-workings-of-indias-alt-right/ |website=Janata Weekly |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="IndiaTodayInsight2022">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=What the Trad and Raayta Controversy Is All About |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/what-the-trad-and-raayata-controversy-is-all-about-1899324-2022-01-12 |quote=They call Prime Minister Narendra Modi “Maulana Modi” for his ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas’ slogan and oppose RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat’s claim of all Indians having the same DNA.|website=India Today |date=12 January 2022 |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border:1px solid #000; font-size: 95%;"
|+ style="font-size: 120%; background-color:#d4af37; color:#000;" | '''Comparison of Trads and Raitas'''
|-
! style="background-color:#777777; color:#ffffff;" | '''Aspect'''
! style="background-color:#ffb6c1; color:#000000; width:40%;" | '''Trads'''
! style="background-color:#add8e6; color:#000000; width:40%;" | '''Raitas'''
|-
| '''Ideological position'''<ref name="ScrollTrads2025">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Podcast: Trads, Raitas, and India’s Alt-Right |url=https://scroll.in/article/1015004/podcast-trads-raitas-and-indias-alt-right |website=Scroll.in |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>|| style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Hardline, extremist Hindutva || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Mainstream, pro-Hindutva
|-
| '''View on Narendra Modi'''<ref name="JANTA"/> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Critical, call him "[[Maulana]] Modi" for being too moderate || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Supportive, view him as a strong leader
|-
| '''Approach to Hindutva'''<ref name="QuintTrads2025">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Trads, Bulli Bai, and Hindutva: How Delhi Police Links Them to Modi, BJP, and Sangh |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/trads-bulli-bai-hindutva-delhi-police-narendra-modi-bjp-sangh |website=The Quint |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Advocate for a purist, traditionalist Hindu state || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Support a more pragmatic, electoral Hindutva
|-
| '''Views on Muslims and minorities'''<ref name="QuintPodcast2025">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Podcast: A Peek into Online Right-Wing Hate Groups – Trads and Raitas |url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/podcast-a-peek-into-online-right-wing-hate-groups-trads-and-raitas |website=The Quint |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Openly extremist, support violence against them || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Prefer institutional suppression over direct action
|-
| '''Involvement in controversies'''<ref name="NDTV2025">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Decoding the Online Right-Wing Hate Ecosystem |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/decoding-the-online-right-wing-hate-ecosystem-616602 |website=NDTV |quote=All those arrested in the Bulli Bai and Sulli Deals cases are 'Trads'. Those opposing them are known as 'Raitas'.|date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Linked to ''[[Bulli Bai case|Bulli Bai]]'' and ''[[Sulli Deals]]'' hate campaigns || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Often defend BJP from [[Socialism in India|left-wing]] criticism
|-
| '''View on RSS and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''<ref name="TheFederal2025">{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Sulli Deals case: Know the Trads, latest Hindu supremacists in town |url=https://thefederal.com/news/sulli-deals-case-know-the-trads-latest-hindu-supremacists-in-town/ |quote=[...]and swear by the Manusmriti over the Indian Constitution[....]Trads consider the BJP, RSS and their icon Veer Savarkar rivals and consider the Shankaracharya of Dwaraka and Puri as their gurus.|website=The Federal |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Criticise RSS and BJP for being too soft || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Strongly support BJP and RSS
|-
| '''View on the Constitution'''<ref name="TheFederal2025"/> || style="background-color:#ffe4e1;" | Want ''[[Manusmriti]]'' as the constitution || style="background-color:#e0ffff;" | Prefer the Indian Constitution with desirable changes
|}

== Online activism ==
Trads are primarily active in online spaces, using social media to conduct campaigns and disseminate extremist content. They frequently use memes and do not have a formal organizational structure.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Hindu nationalist comic books promoting hate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-61610891 |quote= Trads love memes and loathe mainstream Hindu nationalist parties, even the ruling BJP.|website=BBC News |date=31 May 2022 |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> [[Doge (meme)|Doge]] memes, [[Wojak|Wojak face]] memes, and [[Pepe the Frog]] memes are often used by trads. The green frog with a skullcap is used to mock [[Muslims]], while the blue frog is used as an insult against [[Ambedkarism|Ambedkarite Dalits]], referring them as "Bhimtas."<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Genocide as Pop Culture: Inside the Hindutva World of Trads and Raitas |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/communalism/genocide-as-pop-culture-inside-the-hindutva-world-of-trads-and-raitas |website=The Wire |date= |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

==Sulli Deals and Bulli Bai app==

[[Sulli Deals]] was an open-source app created by Trads used to target Muslim women by sharing their photographs and personal details online.<ref name="BBC2021">{{cite news |title=Sulli Deals: The Indian Muslim women 'up for sale' on an app |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-57764271 |work=BBC News |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> The app was hosted on [[GitHub]] and sparked outrage, leading to legal action and police investigations.<ref name="Dawn2021">{{cite news |title='Sulli Deals': How photos of Muslim women were misused on a GitHub app |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1633549 |work=Dawn |date=6 July 2021}}</ref> The [[Delhi Police]] registered an FIR after the [[National Commission for Women]] took ''[[suo moto]]'' cognizance of the case.<ref name="Quint2021">{{cite news |last1=Ramesh |first1=Mythreyee |title='Sulli Deals': No Arrest Made Because We Are Muslim, Say Women Seeking Probe |url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/gender/sulli-deals-github-app-no-arrest-muslim-women-bias |work=The Quint |date=12 August 2021}}</ref> The app's creator, Aumkareshwar Thakur, a self-identified trad member and BCA student from [[Indore]], was arrested in January 2022 but later granted bail.<ref name="News18Jan">{{cite news |title='Sulli Deals' Auction App Creator Arrested from Indore, 'Admits' Idea Was to Defame Muslim Women |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/sulli-deals-app-creator-arrested-from-indore-admits-idea-was-to-defame-muslim-women-4637246.html |work=News18 |date=9 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="BBCMarch">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60910718 |title=Delhi court grants bail to Bulli Bai, Sulli Deals creators |work=BBC News |date=29 March 2022 }}</ref>

Following the incident, a similar app called [[Bulli Bai]] emerged in early 2022, targeting Muslim women in a similar manner. The police arrested trad member Neeraj Bishnoi, as a key suspect in the case.<ref name="AlJazeera2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/5/india-police-arrests-bulli-bai-online-auction-muslim-women|title=India police make arrests in online 'auction' of Muslim women|website=Al Jazeera|date=5 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="BBCBulli">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59891036|title=Bulli Bai app: Fourth man held over the auction of Muslim women|work=BBC News|date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

==Reception==
The rigid stance and aggressive tactics of the trads have drawn widespread criticism. Human rights organizations and political opponents argue that their ideology deepens social divisions and weakens democratic pluralism.<ref name="UN2022">{{cite news |title=UN official says app targeting Muslim women form of hate speech, must be condemned |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/un-official-app-targeting-muslim-women-hate-speech-condemned-7719342/ |work=The Indian Express |date=13 January 2022}}</ref>

The conflict between trads and raitas is viewed by some political analysts as a reflection of deeper fractures within the Hindutva movement.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Udupa |first=Sahana |title=Exploring Hindutva Online Subculture |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=55 |issue=12 |pages=45–53 |year=2020 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48676736 |access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Alt-right footer}}

[[Category:Hindutva]]
[[Category:Alt-right in Asia]]
[[Category:Incitement to genocide of Muslims]]
[[Category:Incitement to genocide by the Hindutva movement]]
[[Category:Sexism in India]]
[[Category:Far-right politics and social media]]
[[Category:2020s neologisms]]
[[Category:Neo-fascism in India]]
[[Category:Antifeminism]]
[[Category:Right-wing populism in India]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in India]]
[[Category:Political terminology in India]]
[[Category:Caste system in India]]
[[Category:Criticism of multiculturalism]]

D. Ethiraj

2026-05-01T07:02:58Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Indian footballer (1934–2020)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = D. Ethiraj
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|fullname = Dharmalingam Ethiraj
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|7|1|df=yes}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|12|11|1934|7|1|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
|height =
|position =
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 =
|clubs1 = EME Secunderabad
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 1957–1963
|clubs2 = MEG Bangalore
|caps2 =
|goals2 =
|years3 = 1958–1962
|clubs3 = [[Services football team|Services]]
|caps3 =
|goals3 =
|years4 = 1962–1966
|clubs4 = [[Karnataka football team|Mysore]]
|caps4 =
|goals4 =
|nationalyears1 =
|nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
|nationalcaps1 =
|nationalgoals1 =
|medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Jakarta]]|[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games – Men's team squads|Team]]}}
}}

'''Dharmalingam Ethiraj''' (1 July 1934 – 11 December 2020) was an Indian [[Association football|footballer]] who represented [[India national football team|India national team]] at the [[1962 Asian Games]] and [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|won a gold]]. He was the oldest player in the young yet talented Indian Team. <ref name="asg">{{Cite news |title=1962 Asian Games gold medallist D. Ethiraj dies at 87 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/d-ethiraj-football-obit-asian-games-1962-chuni-goswami-santosh-trophy-sports-news/article33309481.ece |website=Sportstar |date=11 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=1962 Asian Games gold medalist D Ethiraj passes away |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/1962-asian-games-gold-medalist-d-ethiraj-passes-away |website=Sportskeeda |first=K |last=Vyshakh |date=11 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Jakarta Asiad gold medallist Ethiraj no more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/jakarta-asiad-gold-medallist-ethiraj-no-more/articleshow/79684618.cms |website=The Times of India |first=Biju Babu |last=Cyriac |date=12 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name=SP>Sport & Pastime, p. 15, 3 August 1963.</ref> Ethiraj joined the [[Indian Army]] in 1948 and served in the [[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Sappers]]. He played for [[Karnataka football team|Mysore]] and [[Services football team|Services]] in the [[Santosh Trophy]]. He was the top scorer in the 1961 Santosh Trophy. <ref name=SP/>

He died in December 2020 at the age of 86.<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1102043/india-ethiraj-passes-away India's Asian Games football champion Ethiraj passes away]</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
*[[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962]]

'''Services'''
*[[Santosh Trophy]]: [[1960–61 Santosh Trophy|1960–61]]

'''MEG Bangalore'''
*[[DCM Trophy]] runner-up: 1959<ref name="asg"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=161762249&highlights=santosh%20trophy Ethiraj, as Mysore captain], receives the trophy for the third place in the 1966 Santosh Trophy, ''hinduimages.com''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiraj}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1962 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Men's association football players not categorized by position]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in football]]

{{India-footy-bio-stub}}

Muthuramalingam

2026-04-30T12:41:19Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by Rajadurai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Muthuraamalingam
| image = Muthuramalingam poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = Rajadurairaj
| producer = D. Vijayprakash
| writer = Rajadurai
| starring = [[Gautham Ram Karthik]] [[Priya Anand]] [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]
| editing = [[P. Sai Suresh]]
| studio = Global Media Works
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2017|02|24|df=yes}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Muthuramalingam''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by Rajadurai. The film stars [[Gautham Ram Karthik]] and [[Priya Anand]], while [[Nepoleon Duraisamy (actor)|Napoleon]] plays a pivotal supporting role. Soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], song lyrics written by [[Panchu Arunachalam]]. The film had a theatrical release worldwide on 24 February 2017. This film received highly negative reviews and was panned by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muthuramalingam Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/muthuramalingam/movie-review/57355494.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228224020/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/muthuramalingam/movie-review/57355494.cms |archive-date=2017-02-28 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muthuramalingam review: Cannot be even recommended to our worst enemy! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/muthuramalingam-review-cannot-be-even-recommended-to-our-worst-enemy-review-tamil-rdbwN7adcfagh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303111103/http://www.sify.com/movies/muthuramalingam-review-cannot-be-even-recommended-to-our-worst-enemy-review-tamil-rdbwN7adcfagh.html |archive-date=3 March 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2017 |title=Muthuramalingam box office collection |url=http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/muthuramalingam/muthuramalingam-box-office-mar-05.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316102519/http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/muthuramalingam/muthuramalingam-box-office-mar-05.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Gautham Ram Karthik]] as Muthuramalingam
* [[Priya Anand]] as Vijayalakshmi (Viji)
* [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Mookkaiyya Thevar
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as IG Sethuraman, Muthuramalingam's biological father
* [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Muthuramalingam's biological mother
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Rajasekar Kaalakeyan
* [[Chinni Jayanth]] as Doctor
* [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] as Nachiya, Mookkaiyya Thevar's wife
* [[FEFSI Vijayan]] as Ramaiah
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as DSP Ashok Pandian
* [[Singampuli]] as Mookkaiyya Thevar's nephew
* [[Singamuthu]] as Swamiji
* [[Cell Murugan]] as Arul Murugan, Kaalakeyan's assistant
* [[Bonda Mani]] as Ghost
* Subbalakshmi Rangan as Ponni
* Boys Rajan as Viji's father
* Azhagu as Ramaiah's father
* [[Nellai Siva]]
}}

== Production ==
The project was announced on 1 January 2016, with a press release stating that Gautham Karthik would work with director Rajadurai. [[Panchu Arunachalam]], in his final project before his death, worked on the lyrics of the film's song after a sabbatical from the industry and teamed up with composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] after a period of 21 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 January 2016 |title=21 வருடங்கள் கழித்து கௌதம் கார்த்திக் படத்தில் இணைந்த இரு ஜாம்பவான்கள்! |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/57793-ilaiyaraaja-teams-up-with-another-legend.art |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519235120/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/57793-ilaiyaraaja-teams-up-with-another-legend.art |archive-date=19 May 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017 |publisher=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Two veterans come together for Gautham Karthik |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/two-veterans-come-together-for-gautham-karthik-news-tamil-qbtkSaejhaaia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119123513/http://www.sify.com/movies/two-veterans-come-together-for-gautham-karthik-news-tamil-qbtkSaejhaaia.html |archive-date=19 January 2016 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Years on, Ilaiyaraja, Panchu Arunachalam Team Up Again |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/21-Years-on-Ilaiyaraja-Panchu-Arunachalam-Team-Up-Again/2016/01/18/article3231524.ece |access-date=17 August 2016}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In mid-January, [[Catherine Tresa]] was signed on to play the leading female role, while [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] and [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] among others were signed on to feature in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2016 |title=IndiaGlitz — Gautham Karthick Catherine Tresa Prabhu new movie Muthuramalingam — Tamil Movie News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gautham-karthick-catherine-tresa-prabhu-new-movie-muthuramalingam-tamil-news-150724.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613063651/http://www.indiaglitz.com/gautham-karthick-catherine-tresa-prabhu-new-movie-muthuramalingam-tamil-news-150724.html |archive-date=13 June 2016 |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> Catherine Tresa was later replaced by [[Priya Anand]], while Prabhu was replaced by Gautham's father [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]. A few months after production began, Karthik's leg injury meant that [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] subsequently replaced him in the film. Napoleon, settled in [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], made a comeback through the project and agreed to film for the project during his vacation to India for twenty two days.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=In the US, my son leads a normal life: Napoleon |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/In-the-US-my-son-leads-a-normal-life-Napoleon/articleshow/55666427.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211070641/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/In-the-US-my-son-leads-a-normal-life-Napoleon/articleshow/55666427.cms |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=How Napoleon became Gautham's father! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/How-Napoleon-became-Gauthams-father/articleshow/54031533.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220045343/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/How-Napoleon-became-Gauthams-father/articleshow/54031533.cms |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=8 September 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Priya Anand revealed that she would portray a schoolgirl, while Vivek would appear in a comedy role as a police officer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=No Jokes! Priya Anand is a schoolgirl in her next film - Tamil News - IndiaGlitz.com |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hot-actress-priya-anand-with-gautham-karthick-prabhu-karthick-in-muthuramalingam-tamil-news-162048.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818235546/https://www.indiaglitz.com/hot-actress-priya-anand-with-gautham-karthick-prabhu-karthick-in-muthuramalingam-tamil-news-162048.html |archive-date=18 August 2022 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2016 |title=Public Intelligence a Big Threat to Films: Vivek |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2016/actor-vivek-says-public-intelligence-a-big-threat-to-tamil-films-229901.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206022124/http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2016/actor-vivek-says-public-intelligence-a-big-threat-to-tamil-films-229901.html |archive-date=6 February 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref>

The film was shot in locations including Sanakarankoil and Courtallam, with Gautham Karthik learning the art of silambam for his role in the film.<ref name="ti">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Silambam and sentiment are the focus of this film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Silambam-and-sentiment-are-the-focus-of-this-film/articleshow/53929453.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920214011/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Silambam-and-sentiment-are-the-focus-of-this-film/articleshow/53929453.cms |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=30 August 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Prior to the shoot of the film, Gautham attended a silambam coaching class held by stunt choreographer 'Kickass' Kaali.<ref name = ti/> The film was completed by July 2016 after a further brief schedule was held in a studio in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gautham Karthik, Muthuramalingam, Director Rajadurai's, legendary musician Ilayaraja, 'panchu' Arunachalam, Prabhu, Vivek, Suman, Radharavi and Singampuli, Global Media Work, cinematography, U.K, movie schedules, more updates |url=http://tamilsaga.com/english/cinemadetail/1500.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206022253/http://tamilsaga.com/english/cinemadetail/1500.html |archive-date=6 February 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2016 |title=I play a courageous, village girl in Muthuramalingam: Priya Anand |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020716/i-play-a-courageous-village-girl-in-muthuramalingam-priya-anand.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206022345/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020716/i-play-a-courageous-village-girl-in-muthuramalingam-priya-anand.html |archive-date=6 February 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Actor [[Kamal Haasan]] recorded a song for the film in February 2016, after [[Ilaiyaraaja]] opted to pick him ahead of [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] for the particular track. The song, written by [[Panchu Arunachalam]], was initially meant to feature [[Gautham Karthik]] and his father, [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], before the latter opted out of the project. The film's soundtrack album did not have a separate release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2016 |title=Kamal Haasan sings for Muthuramalingam |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/kamal-haasan-sings-for-muthuramalingam/117388/story.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207043755/https://www.nowrunning.com/kamal-haasan-sings-for-muthuramalingam/117388/story.htm |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Nowrunning |language=en}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Vibhavari Apte Joshi|Vibhavari]]
| extra4 = [[Vibhavari Apte Joshi|Vibhavari]], Ilaiyaraaja
| title1 = Thekatthi Singamada
| title2 = Naan Irukkum Podhu
| title3 = Katthi Vetti
| title4 = Manasil Niranjavane
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 24 February 2017 across Tamil Nadu to highly negative reviews. A critic from [[The Times of India]] noted that the film was a "colossal disappointment", adding that "with over melodramatic scenes towards the climax, the clichéd confrontation between the families of hero and villain, and a patient-testing, age-old flashback story, the film, would have (perhaps) worked, had it released at least 20-30 years ago".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muthuramalingam Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/muthuramalingam/movie-review/57355494.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228224020/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/muthuramalingam/movie-review/57355494.cms |archive-date=2017-02-28 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[The New Indian Express]] wrote that a "decent first half was laid to waste in the second with a terrible set of twists, turns and godawful violence". The critic lamented that "beyond just being a tiresome movie, riddled with ridiculous subplots, some of the sentiments expressed in the film are downright dangerous in these times of heightened Tamil nationalism".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2017 |title=Muthuraamalingam Review: This unabashedly mass movie is an ode to the twirly moustache- The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/24/muthuraamalingam-review-this-unabashedly-mass-movie-is-an-ode-to-the-twirly-moustache-1574289.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225225349/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/24/muthuraamalingam-review-this-unabashedly-mass-movie-is-an-ode-to-the-twirly-moustache-1574289.html |archive-date=25 February 2017 |access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> Indiaglitz.com stated that "Rajadurai’s direction is probably the biggest letdown with nothing gripping or solid enough to get the screenplay going", concluding that "maybe could have done well if it was released in the 80’s, for it had the usual village essence with an ensemble cast too".<ref>{{Cite web |title=MuthuraamaLingam review. MuthuraamaLingam Tamil movie review, story, rating - IndiaGlitz.com |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/muthuramalingam-tamil-movie-review-20425.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601100153/https://www.indiaglitz.com/muthuramalingam-tamil-movie-review-20425.html |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> Sify.com gave the film a negative review adding "the editing pattern, immature manner in which violence is portrayed, b-grade glam sequences, caste glorification, over the top performances and loud dialogues cannot be even recommended to our worst enemy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muthuramalingam review: Cannot be even recommended to our worst enemy! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/muthuramalingam-review-avoid-review--rdbwN7adcfagh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303000112/http://www.sify.com/movies/muthuramalingam-review-avoid-review--rdbwN7adcfagh.html |archive-date=3 March 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A reviewer from Silverscreen.com stated "''Muthuramalingam'' as a film is mediocre" and criticised the theme stating it promoted "casteism packaged with Tamil cinema clichés".<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2017 |title=Muthuramalingam Review: Casteism Packaged with Tamil Cinema Clichés |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/reviews/muthuramalingam-review-casteism-packaged-tamil-cinema-cliches/ |work=Silverscreen India}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Five days after the release of the film, the Madras High Court issued an order restraining the screening of ''Muthuramalingam'' because its producer Vijay Prakash had not settled 28.5 lakh rupees to M. V. Prakash. Following the High Court order, the film was removed from theatres across Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madras High Court bans 'Muthuramalingam'? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/madras-high-court-bans-muthuramalingam-news-tamil-rdbjracadeiee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301211917/http://www.sify.com/movies/madras-high-court-bans-muthuramalingam-news-tamil-rdbjracadeiee.html |archive-date=1 March 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Muthuramalingam banned from theaters due to financial reasons |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/muthuramalingam-banned-from-theaters-due-to-financial-reasons.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304040025/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/muthuramalingam-banned-from-theaters-due-to-financial-reasons.html |archive-date=4 March 2017 |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> Post-release, Gautham Karthik admitted that from the first week of the shoot, he sensed that the film would not do well due to the inept film-making methods involved by the director. He stated he stayed on to do the film because he did not want to cause problems for the technicians of the film, who were reliant on production continuing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 June 2017 |title=It was the director who made me say 'yes': Gautham Karthik |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-was-the-director-who-made-me-say-yes-gautham-karthik/articleshow/59018791.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203190102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-was-the-director-who-made-me-say-yes-gautham-karthik/articleshow/59018791.cms |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=3 February 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=30 June 2017 |title=Gautham Karthik talks about life on the cusp of stardom - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/gautham-karthik-talks-about-life-on-the-cusp-of-stardom/article19185566.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015928/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/gautham-karthik-talks-about-life-on-the-cusp-of-stardom/article19185566.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=3 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}worst

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6567406}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 action drama films]]

Dui Prithibi (2010 film)

2026-04-25T19:07:40Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|2010 Indian Bengali film}}
{{About|the 2010 film|the 1980 film|Dui Prithibi (1980 film)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dui Prithibi
| image = dui_prithibi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Raj Chakraborty]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Based on
| data1 = ''[[Gamyam]]'' by [[Krish Jagarlamudi]]
}}
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]]
| starring = [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] [[Koel Mallick]] [[Barkha Bisht]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Jeet Gannguli]] [[Samidh Mukerjee|Samidh]]-[[Rishi Chanda|Rishi]] '''Background score:''' [[Indraadip Dasgupta]]
| cinematography = Somak Mukherjee [[Sirsha Ray]]
| editing = [[Rabiranjan Maitra]]
| studio = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| distributor = Shree Venkatesh Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|10|14}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget = ₹3.5 Crore<ref name = t/>
| gross = ₹6.5 Crore<ref>{{cite web |author1=PiyasreeDasgupta |title=Film industry wants Mamata to focus right in revamp shot|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/Film-industry-wants-Mamata-to-focus-right-in-revamp-shot/889518 |website=The Indian Express |date=19 December 2011}}</ref>
| screenplay = [[N. K. Salil]] Raj Chakraborty
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Dialogues by
| data1 = N. K. Salil
}}
| story = Raj Chakraborty
}}

'''''Dui Prithibi''''' ({{IPA|bn|dui ˈpɾit̪ʰibi}}; {{Translation|'''''Two Worlds'''''}}) is a 2010 [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Road movie|road drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Raj Chakraborty]]. Produced by [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Shrikant Mohta]] under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]].The film is a remake of 2008 Telugu movie [[Gamyam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-03-19 |title=Motorcycle diaries - Jeet, Dev and Koel hit the Purulia jungle track for Raj Chakraborty's Dui Prithibi. t2 caught them in action |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/motorcycle-diaries-jeet-dev-and-koel-hit-the-purulia-jungle-track-for-raj-chakraborty-s-dui-prithibi-t2-caught-them-in-action/cid/537024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826145208/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/motorcycle-diaries-jeet-dev-and-koel-hit-the-purulia-jungle-track-for-raj-chakraborty-s-dui-prithibi-t2-caught-them-in-action/cid/537024 |archive-date=2025-08-26 |access-date=2025-08-26 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> It stars [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Koel Mallick]] and [[Barkha Bisht]] in lead roles. The film revolves around a rich man who acknowledges the means of life, setting out on a journey to the rural Bengal with a bike, and befriends with a thief.

Announced in November 2009, the film marks Chakraborty's collaborations for the first time with both Jeet and Koel, and with Dev for the second time; it is also Jeet and Koel's tenth film as a lead pair.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Ratnottama |date=2010-10-22 |title=''Dui Prithibi'' is influenced by Che Guevara's memoir |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/is-it-a-copy-remake-or-interpretation/articleshow/6789744.cms |archive-date= |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Mazumdar |first=Shreyanka |last2=Ganguly |first2=Ruman |date=16 May 2017 |title=Raj Chakraborty's classic ''Dui Prithibi'' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/here-are-the-remake-rajas-of-tollywood/articleshow/58695752.cms |access-date=2023-02-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Principal photography|Principal Photography]] commenced in March 2010 and wrapped by in August 2010. Majorly shot in [[Kolkata]], [[Purulia]], [[Bankura]], [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Bardhaman]] and [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]], portions were filmed in [[Italy]], [[Australia]] and [[Switzerland]]. The soundtrack of the film is composed by [[Jeet Gannguli]] and [[Samidh Mukerjee|Samidh]]-[[Rishi Chanda|Rishi]], while [[Indraadip Dasgupta]] provided its score. Somak Mukherjee and [[Sirsha Ray]] handled its cinematography, with editing by [[Rabiranjan Maitra]].

''Dui Prithibi'' was theatrically released on 14 October 2010, on the occasion of [[Durga Puja]]. Opening to huge critical and commercial response, the film ran for over 50 weekes in theatres, emerging as the [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2010|highest-grossing Bengali film of 2010]].<ref name="i">{{cite news |title=Film industry wants Mamata to focus right in revamp shot |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Film-industry-wants-Mamata-to-focus-right-in-revamp-shot/889518/ |work=The Indian Express |date= 19 December 2011 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Eventually attaining a [[Cult following|cult status]] for the only collaboration between Jeet and Dev, the two acting giants of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]. The film's dialogue and certain characters became extremely popular, contributing to numerous cultural [[meme]]s and becoming part of Bengal's daily [[vernacular]].

== Plot ==
Rahul Roy is the son of a multi-millionaire brought up in comfort and luxury. To him, life is just a game and he is accustomed to a lavish lifestyle. He is portrayed to be a happy go lucky character and quite popular with the female kind. He comes across Nandini, a young & charming doctor. Rahul challenges his friends that he would make her fall in love within few days. Nandini, being an orphan, is very kind towards the poor people and is a good Samaritan. But, Rahul hates those people. However, Nandini's free-spirited nature takes him very near to her and he develops an intimate friendship. When Nandini wants to express her love, she learns that Rahul has challenged his friends about his love and decides to keep herself off. While dropping her at her hostel on his car after a party, Rahul tries to convince her that he is truly in love with her but she does not listen to him. In the process, Rahul has an accident, where a woman dies and her son is orphaned. Nandini survives the accident, while Rahul wakes up from injuries in hospital. After gaining consciousness, Rahul cannot find Nandini and he decides to go in search of her on his bike.

In the process, he meets a motorbike thief Shibu. The journey Rahul takes changes his life drastically, as he is exposed to the hard realities of rural life and yet its simple joys.

A teacher, who supports orphan kids, helpless pregnant lady, an ex-militant Binoy, a prostitute and his own companion Shibu, they all aid in his journey to self-discovery. One rainy night they got captured by the militants of the Naxalite leader, who wants to execute renegade Binoy. Cross-firing started to happen between the Naxalites and Police. While escaping the bike got trapped in mud, Shibu succeeded in getting the bike out but got shot in the back and died. Rahul got devastated by Shibu's Death, He got to know that Nandini was in Railway Station to move to Kolkata. Rahul finally met Nandini and express his feeling and fault, Nandini got emotional, Rahul told to Nandini that he doesn't care about Nandini coming or not, He thanked Nandini.

Due to her Rahul got to Know the outside world. Nandini finally accepts him and hugs him. The movie ends with both hugging each other.

==Cast==
* [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] as Rahul Roy
* [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] as Shibu, a motorbike thief, later Rahul's road partner and friend
* [[Koel Mallick|Koel]] as Dr. Nandini Sen, Rahul's love interest
* [[Barkha Sengupta]] as Parul, Shibu's love interest / Mandakini, a dancer
* [[Manoj Mitra]] as Purnochandra Roy, a school teacher and Nandini's mentor
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Gobardhan Panda (Gopaler Baba)
* [[Supriyo Dutta]] as Master Da, a Naxalite leader
* [[Debranjan Nag]] as Binayak, an ex-Naxalite
* [[Dr. Basudev Mukherjee]] as Abhiraj Roy, a renowned indrustrialist and Rahul's father
* [[Suman Banerjee]] as Barun, Rahul's friend
* [[Abhimanyu Mukherjee]] as Vicky, Rahul's friend
* [[Pradip Bhattacharya]] as Sanatan, a garage mechanic and Shibu's step-brother
* [[Raja Dutta]] as a Naxalite
* [[Parthasarathi Chakraborty]] as Kajol
* [[Kalyan Chatterjee]] as Kaka, owner of a dhaba
* [[Subrata Guha Roy]] as police inspector in [[Lalgarh, Jhargram|Lalgarh]]
* [[RJ Megha]] as Manoroma, a singer

== Production ==
The film was the 42nd venture of Bengali production house [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]. It was the fifth film of director Raj Charaborty and the tenth film for Dev and the Jeet-Koel pair. It was Raj's first film with Jeet-Koel, fourth with "SVF" and the third with Dev after "[[Challenge (2009 film)|Challenge]]" (2009) and "[[Le Chakka]]" (2010). It was also the first time that the two reigning Bengali superstars, Dev and Jeet had come together. For the first time a budget of {{Indian Rupee}}3.5 crore was commissioned for a Bengali film as this was the first road movie in the industry which was required to be shot on a large-scale and canvas. The '[[muhurat shot]]' was canned on 2 March 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-03-11 |title=Jeet, Srabanti to start shooting for Ravi Kinnagi's ''Josh'' from 29 March |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-srabanti-shooting-for-kinagis-next/articleshow/5712457.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831150847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-srabanti-shooting-for-kinagis-next/articleshow/5712457.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was extensively shot in Kolkata and the rural belt of West Bengal like Lalgarh and Gopiballavpur (Maoist-infested areas), Purulia, Bantala, etc., and the songs were filmed in Venice. It was the first Bengali film to be shot in Italy and only the second mainstream Bengali film to be shot in Europe, after "[[Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (2008 film)|Bhalobasa Bhalobasa]]" (2008) was shot in Austria. While the main film was shot by cinematographer Somak Mukherjee; Sirsha Ray came on board for the Venice-leg as Somak couldn't allot his dates. Bollywood item-girl Barkha Bisht, famous for her "Ishq Barse" dance-number from the film "[[Raajneeti]]", was roped in for an item-number "Pyarelal". The film's lead composer Jeet Gannguli was also supposed to do the background score of the film. But a leg-injury rendered him indisposed; resulting in another leading composer [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] performing the duties. The first-look of the film was launched on 17.9.10 with the song "O yaara ve", filmed on all the four leads that was aired on the leading Bengali entertainment channel "[[Sangeet Bangla]]".

The film was shot in [[India]] and [[Italy]] ([[Apulia]]), at [[Alberobello]], [[Santa Cesarea Terme]] and [[Fasano]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Bengali films are now shot in Venice: Dev |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bengali-films-are-now-shot-in-europe-dev/articleshow/6553721.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831170025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bengali-films-are-now-shot-in-europe-dev/articleshow/6553721.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote="I went to Venice a year back to holiday and wished if we could shoot a Bengali film there", says Raj Chakraborty.}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dui Prithibi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[Samidh Mukerjee|Samidh]]-[[Rishi Chanda|Rishi]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Audio cover
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2010|10|14}}
| recorded = 2010
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Bengali
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| producer = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Dui Prithibi
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = O Yaara Ve
| single1date = 16 Sep 2010
| single2 = It's Only Pyaar
| single2date = 23 Sep 2010
| single3 = Pyarelal
| single3date = 25 Sep 2010
| single4 = Bol Naa Aar
| single4date = 4 Oct 2010
| single5 = Dui Prithibi (Title Track)
| single5date = 8 Oct 2010
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Amanush (2010 film)|Amanush]]
| prev_year = 2010
| title = Dui Prithibi
| year = 2010
| next_title = [[Mon Je Kore Uru Uru]]
| next_year = 2010
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Samidh Mukerjee|Samidh]]-[[Rishi Chanda|Rishi]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Josh (2010 film)|Josh]]
| prev_year = 2010
| title = Dui Prithibi
| year = 2010
| next_title = [[Shedin Dekha Hoyechilo]]
| next_year = 2010
}}
}}

The soundtrack of the film is composed by [[Jeet Gannguli]] and [[Samidh Mukerjee|Samidh]]-[[Rishi Chanda|Rishi]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=It was great working with Jeet: Samidh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/it-was-great-working-with-jeet-samidh/articleshow/11521713.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828135753/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/it-was-great-working-with-jeet-samidh/articleshow/11521713.cms |archive-date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Priyanka |date=2010-12-01 |title=Touching a raw nerve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/touching-a-raw-nerve/articleshow/7016077.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831141046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/touching-a-raw-nerve/articleshow/7016077.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote="Timir has an unconventional voice, is considered as Bryan Adams of Kolkata,” says singer-composer Jeet Gannguli."}}</ref> in their respective collaborations with Chakraborty for the fourth and first time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title='Neither Dev give a hit' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/neither-dev-give-a-hit/articleshow/5592946.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828142143/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/neither-dev-give-a-hit/articleshow/5592946.cms |archive-date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=Besides Rajib's untitled film, I'll be doing Raj Chakrabarty's ''Dui Prithibi'' that stars Dev, Koel and Jeet.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-06-23 |title=When Timir Biswas, Bengal's Bryan Adams, performed solo on stage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/when-timir-biswas-bengals-bryan-adams-performed-solo-on-stage/articleshow/47783777.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831131036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/when-timir-biswas-bengals-bryan-adams-performed-solo-on-stage/articleshow/47783777.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=The Fakira frontman opened the show with "Dui prithibi" and went on to per form some of his popular numbers like "Onno kothao chol", "Majhe majhe", "Bhogobaan" and "Kaane kaane".}}</ref> It consists five tracks, three of which are penned by Prasen and Samidh Mukerjee.<ref>{{cite news |title= Dui Prithibi Music |url= http://www.gomolo.com/dui-prithibi-movie-songs/39860 |publisher= gomolo.com |access-date= 13 June 2012 |archive-date= 2 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155438/http://www.gomolo.com/dui-prithibi-movie-songs/39860 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:51
| title1 = Dui Prithibi (title track)
| length1 = 5:34
| lyrics1 = Prasen
| music1 = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| extra1 = [[Timir Biswas]], [[Rana Mazumdar]]
| title2 = It's Only Pyaar
| length2 = 5:29
| lyrics2 = [[Samidh Mukerjee]]
| music2 = Samidh-Rishi
| extra2 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Monali Thakur]]
| title3 = Bol Naa Aar
| length3 = 4:57
| lyrics3 = Prasen
| music3 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Monali Thakur
| title4 = Pyarelal
| length4 = 7:00
| lyrics4 = Samidh Mukherjee
| music4 = Samidh-Rishi
| extra4 = [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]], [[Anand Raj Anand]]
| title5 = O Yaara Ve
| length5 = 4:51
| lyrics5 = Prasen
| music5 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra5 = Kunal Ganjawala, [[Bonnie Chakraborty]], [[June Banerjee]], Monali Thakur
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film released in an unprecedented 209 theatres across West Bengal on a Thursday during 'Saptami' of the 'Durga Puja'. It ran for 5 weeks in the city, after which it had to make space for another big release ''Mon Je Kore Uru Uru''; though according to "The Telegraph", the film managed to complete a 6-week run in the city.<ref name="z">{{cite news |title=Tollywood 2010 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101230/jsp/entertainment/story_13367896.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102074949/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101230/jsp/entertainment/story_13367896.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 January 2011 |publisher=The Telegraph |date= 30 December 2010 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref><ref name="o">{{cite news |last=Nag |first=Kushali |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=Arijit |date=4 April 2011 |title=Battle for box office |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110404/jsp/entertainment/story_13805427.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407083552/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110404/jsp/entertainment/story_13805427.jsp |archive-date=7 April 2011 |access-date=7 April 2011 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |publisher= |location= |quote="The first week opening was close to Rs 2 crore," says producer Mahendra Soni of Shree Venkatesh Films.}}</ref> The film had its longest multiplex run of 4 weeks at 'Bioscope', Axis Mall in Rajarhat and 'Inox Burdwan'. "Dui Prithibi" completed an extraordinary run of 50 weeks at the distant rural theatres of 'Basanti' at Dantan and 'Haraparbati' at Jhatipahari. It is understood, that the producers, 'SVF' deliberately withdrew the film from the city for "MJKUU" since they share extremely friendly relations with their producers, 'Surinder Films'. They in turn returned the favour to 'SVF' by withdrawing "MJKUU" from city-halls within 5 weeks to make room for the next 'SVF' offering, "[[Shedin Dekha Hoyechilo|Sedin Dekha Hoyechilo]]". Without this friendly gesture from the producers, "Dui Prithibi" could have been expected to continue its successful city-run for a longer period of time.

=== Home media ===
The [[Streaming media|digital streaming rights]] of ''Dui Prithibi'' were acquired by Hoichoi and [[Disney+ Hotstar|Jio Hotstar]].The post-theatrical satellight rights are purchased by [[Star Jalsha]], in a combo-package of all ensuing films produced and distributed by Shree Venkatesh Films. It had its premiere on the channel on 13 February 2011.<ref name="d">{{cite news |date=13 February 2011 |title=Dui Prithibi's TV premiere tonight! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dui-Prithibis-TV-premiere-tonight/iplarticleshow/7486481.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901071434/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dui-Prithibis-TV-premiere-tonight/iplarticleshow/7486481.cms |archive-date=2025-09-01 |access-date=2025-09-01 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
''Dui Prithibi'' received acclaim from critics who praised its cast performances, direction, themes, musical score, screenplay, and cinematography.<ref name="reception">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Jawan: Deepika Padukone reacts after Rakul Preet Singh calls her cameo in Shah Rukh Khan starrer 'impactful' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/jawan-deepika-padukone-reacts-after-rakul-preet-singh-calls-her-cameo-in-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-impactful-1241845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909155828/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/jawan-deepika-padukone-reacts-after-rakul-preet-singh-calls-her-cameo-in-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-impactful-1241845 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |quote=The film is earning critical acclaim for its stellar performances, gripping dialogues, mass appeal, and powerful musical score.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Jawan review and release live updates: Shah Rukh Khan is blockbuster loading, collects ₹28.92 cr gross by afternoon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jawan-review-release-live-updates-shah-rukh-khan-nayanthara-atlee-deepika-padukone-film-101694047504816.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911084835/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jawan-review-release-live-updates-shah-rukh-khan-nayanthara-atlee-deepika-padukone-film-101694047504816.html |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=89|average=7.6|count=38|consensus=Packed with plot twists and breathtaking action, ''Dui Prithibi'' manages its convoluted plot and imposing length with high-octane panache.|ref=yes|access-date=22 September 2023}}

Roshni Mukherjee of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it a rating of 4/5 stars and opined "An examination to determine whether the two worlds of movie-goers are ready for stuff that go beyond the run-of-the-mill. Rahul’s initial arrogance that gradually gives way to one of self-realization and makes him more humble and down-to-earth could not have been portrayed any better than Jeet. Dev also blows one away as Shibu"<ref name="dp">{{cite news |title=Where two worlds collide |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIKM/2010/10/17&PageLabel=32&EntityId=Ar03200&ViewMode=HTML |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075901/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIKM/2010/10/17&PageLabel=32&EntityId=Ar03200&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Yajneni Chakraborty of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave it 3.5/5 stars and wrote "The film is totally driven by Jeet and Koel's unbeatable chemistry. In the journey of self-discovery, Dev also maintained his performance through his comic timing". She also praised Chakraborty's direction and the cinematography.<ref>{{cite news |title=A high-octane joyride |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/17.10.jpg |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=17 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060502/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/17.10.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Sudipta Dey of ''[[WordPress.com|WordPress]]'' reviewed the film on a positive note, quoting "Raj’s expertise in weaving the story is undoubtedly good; but in the process of storytelling he misses out on the finer details that would have struck a chord with his audience. In the climax, the stormy rainy night in the forest has been shot beautifully and conceptualised well. If not for anything else, just grab a ticket to watch the three heartthrobs of Tollywood come together in one film."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Sudipta |date=2010-10-22 |title=Two worlds, one passion |url=https://bppostscript.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/review-two-worlds-one-passion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831193002/https://bppostscript.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/review-two-worlds-one-passion/ |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=[[WordPress.com|WordPress]] |language=en}}</ref>

Jagori Bannerjee, from the leading Bengali daily, ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'', gave it 6.5/10.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dev-er Prithibi, Jeet-er Mastani |url=http://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1101023/23cine2.htm |publisher=Anandabazar Patrika |date=23 October 2010 |access-date=27 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001120522/http://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1101023/23cine2.htm |archive-date=1 October 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Swapan Mullick from ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' gave it 2.5 stars, but described it to be 'fulfilling expectations'.<ref>{{cite news |title=FULFILLING EXPECTATIONS |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Statesman.jpg |publisher=The Statesman |date=23 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032932/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Statesman.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Sudipta Dey, from ''The Bengal Post'', rated it as 'average' but mentioned the film 'has a strong social message' and 'Raj's expertise in weaving the story is undoubtedly good.'.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two worlds, one passion |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Bengal%20Post%2016.10.jpg |publisher=The Bengal Post |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327175430/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Bengal%20Post%2016.10.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Veteran film-critic, Shoma A. Chatterji gave the film 5/10 on the web-portal, "Upperstall.com";<ref>{{cite news |title=Dui Prithibi Review |url=http://www.upperstall.com/films/2010/dui-prithibi |publisher=Upperstall}}</ref> but on "Calcuttatube", she increased it to 6/10.<ref name="cal">{{cite news |title=DUI PRITHIBI-ENTERTAINING WITH A CAPITAL "E" |url=http://calcuttatube.com/dui-prithibi-2010-bengali-film-review-jeet-koel-dev-barkha/128097/|publisher=Calcuttatube |date=26 October 2010}}</ref> Aditya Chakrabarty, from another web-portal, "Washington Bangla Radio" highlighted that Dev had delivered his best performance till then and Jeet and Koel also lived up to the hype.<ref name="w">{{cite news |title=DUI PRITHIBI(2010)Bengali Movie Review-Dev delivers his best performance yet, Jeet and Koel live up to the hype |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/101312710-dui-prithibi-2010-bengali-movie-review-dev-delivers-his-best-performance-yet-jeet- |publisher=Washington Bangla Radio USA |date=22 October 2010 |access-date=22 April 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000404/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/101312710-dui-prithibi-2010-bengali-movie-review-dev-delivers-his-best-performance-yet-jeet- |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Debabrata Chowdhury, from "[[Bartaman]]" opined people should like the film.<ref name="bar">{{cite news |title=Cinemar Alochona |url=http://bartamanpatrika.com/archive/2010/october/301010/content/cinema.htm |publisher=Bartaman |date=29 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130118150231/http://bartamanpatrika.com/archive/2010/october/301010/content/cinema.htm |archivedate=18 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The leading Bengali magazine, "[[Anandalok]]" believed the film created a new world in Bengali commercial cinema.<ref>{{cite news |title=Notun Prithibi |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Anandalok.jpg |publisher=Anandalok |date=27 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327235541/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Anandalok.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Mahua Duttamitra, from "Ekdin" certified that the director along with his full team had passed with distinction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dui Prithibi Review |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Ek%20Din%2023.10.jpg |publisher=Ekdin |date=23 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060444/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Ek%20Din%2023.10.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Samrat Mukherjee, from "[[Aajkaal]]" wrote the director has mixed commerce with experimentation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedy-te Dev Glamour-e Jeet |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Aaj%20Kal.jpg |publisher=Aajkaal |date=23 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052234/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/Aaj%20Kal.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Bidisha Chatterjee, from ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'', considered the director had hit bull's-eye.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ektai Prithibi; Raj-er Lakshyabhed |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/PRATIDIN%2022.10..jpg |publisher=Sangbad Pratidin |date=22 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327171315/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/PRATIDIN%2022.10..jpg |archive-date=27 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> "Sakalbela" depicted the film to be a must-watch.<ref name="sak">{{cite news |title=Na Dekhlei Miss |url=http://115.248.217.9/Sakalbela/2010/oct/221010/221010.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044048/http://115.248.217.9/Sakalbela/2010/oct/221010/221010.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 June 2011 |publisher=Sakalbela |date=22 October 2010 }}</ref> Another leading English daily, ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'', also hailed the film's cinematography.<ref name="tel">{{cite news |title=FRIDAY film |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101016/jsp/entertainment/story_13062478.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020145639/http://telegraphindia.com/1101016/jsp/entertainment/story_13062478.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 October 2010 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=16 October 2010 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FRIDAY film |url=http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/T2%20.16.10.jpg |publisher=The Telegraph |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235909/http://www.venkateshfilms.com/microsite/duiprithibi/press/T2%20.16.10.jpg |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

=== Box office ===
"Dui Prithibi" was the highest grosser of 2010, according to a study conducted by [[FICCI]] & [[Deloitte]].<ref name="i" /> The film had the highest ever opening week collection for a Bengali film.<ref name="a">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Priyanka |last2=Nag |first2=Kushali |date=19 October 2010 |title=Tolly rides festive flavour to beat Bolly- Autograph and Dui Prithibi score over Aakrosh and Knock Out with stars and style |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101019/jsp/frontpage/story_13071557.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023174854/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101019/jsp/frontpage/story_13071557.jsp |archive-date=23 October 2010 |publisher=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> It grossed almost Rs.29 million in its 1st week,<ref name="a" /> while the producers raked in almost Rs.20 million.<ref name="o" /> The film continued a steady run in the city till the 3rd week. The rural collections though witnessed a fall from the 2nd week itself. Ultimately, after the less-than-expected 5-week city-run, the producers earned an impressive Rs.50 million, as reported in the dailies '[[Gulf Times]]', '[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'<ref name="st">{{cite news |date=23 December 2011 |title=Alive & Kicking |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394374&catid=47 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130222052710/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394374&catid=47 |archivedate=22 February 2013 |publisher=The Statesman |df=dmy-all}}</ref> (23.12.11), '[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'<ref name="et">{{cite news |date=30 April 2011 |title=The revival of Bangla film industry |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-30/news/29490800_1_bengali-films-bengali-cinema-mukta-arts/2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103082123/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-30/news/29490800_1_bengali-films-bengali-cinema-mukta-arts/2 |archive-date=3 January 2013 |publisher=Economic Times}}</ref> (30.4.11); the web-portals 'Golden Reel'<ref name="gr">{{cite news |date=28 January 2011 |title=Special Report |url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=46&edlabel=ETBG&mydateHid=28-01-2011&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar04601&format=&publabel=ET |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131191220/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=46&edlabel=ETBG&mydateHid=28-01-2011&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar04601&format=&publabel=ET |archive-date=31 January 2015 |publisher=Golden Reel}}</ref> (28.1.11), 'The Indian Express'<ref name="i" /> (19.12.11) and the annual report of [[Deloitte]] in 2011.<ref name="de">{{cite news |date=Dec 2011 |title=A symphony of art Media & Entertainment in East India-Bengal |url=http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-India/Local%20Assets/Documents/A_symphony_of_art.pdf |publisher=Deloitte}}{{dead link|date=September 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In another isolated report in '[[The Times of India]]' on 15.6.12, it was reported that the film was made on a budget of Rs.35 million and did 'tentative business' of Rs.40 million.<ref name="t">{{cite news |date=15 June 2012 |title=Two superstars are rulling the box-office together |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Source=Find&Key=TOIKM/2012/06/15/23/Ar02300%2Exml&CollName=TOI_KoLKATA_DAILY_2009&DOCID=460308&Keyword=%28%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Edui%3Cand%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eprithibi%29&skin=TOINEW&AppName=1&PageLabel=23%20&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072706/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Source=Find&Key=TOIKM/2012/06/15/23/Ar02300.xml&CollName=TOI_KoLKATA_DAILY_2009&DOCID=460308&Keyword=(%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Edui%3Cand%3E%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eprithibi)&skin=TOINEW&AppName=1&PageLabel=23%20&ViewMode=HTML |archive-date=4 March 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Considering the budget (it was the most expensive Bengali film at that time) and the massive cast & crew of the film, nothing less than a 'blockbuster' was expected. The overall collections would have been good enough to merit a 'superhit' status for any other film, but the film's huge budget of Rs.35 million, proved a determining factor. "Dui Prithibi" fell short of delivering a 'superhit/blockbuster'; but the collections were good enough to adjudge the film a 'hit' and a considerable success.

== Awards and nominations ==
"Dui Prithibi" won three awards at the prestigious 'Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards 2011' held at the Science City Auditorium on 28.5.11. The results were calculated solely on the basis of audience votes sent through SMS and the channel's official website. The following is the list of awards won by the film :-

(1) 'Best Superhit Film'. The other nominations were : "[[Autograph (2010 film)|Autograph]]", "[[Amanush (2010 film)|Amanush]]", "[[Josh (2010 film)|Josh]]" and "[[Le Chakka]]". 
(2) 'Best Superhit Music'. The other nominations were : "Autograph", "Amanush", "[[Moner Manush]]" and "Le Chakka". 
(3) 'Best Superhit Heroine': Koel Mallick for "Dui Prithibi". The other confirmed nominations were : [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] for "[[Wanted (2010 film)|Wanted]]", [[Payel Sarkar]] for "Le Chakka" and [[Priyanka Sarkar]] for "Jodi Ekdin".

Other than these, Jeet was also nominated from this film for 'Best Superhit Hero' which was eventually won by [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] for "Autograph", Dev was nominated from this film for 'Best Supporting Actor' which was in the end won by [[Saswata Chatterjee]] for "Byomkesh Bakshi" and Jeet-Koel were nominated from this film for 'Best Pair Award' which was ultimately won by Dev-Payel for "Le Chakka".
Barkha Bisht Sengupta won the 'Best Newcomer Award' for this film in the "Anandalok Awards 2010".

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/dui_prithibi_2010}}
* {{IMDb title|1737156}}

{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}
{{Raj Chakraborty Films|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dui Prithibi}}
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 action drama films]]
[[Category:2010s buddy drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:2010 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2010s drama road movies]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]
[[Category:Films shot in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian buddy drama films]]
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[[Category:Films scored by Rishi Chanda]]
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[[Category:Films with screenplays by N. K. Salil]]

Petlawad Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:10Z

MohammedMathieu: Started Article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Petlawad
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 195
| map_image = 195-Petlawad.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Jhabua district|Jhabua]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency|Ratlam]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Nirmala Bhuria]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Valsingh Maida
}}
'''Petlawad''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[central India]]. It is one of three Assembly constituencies located in [[Jhabua district]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|V. Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Dileep Singh
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Pratap Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | Gangabai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Valsingh Maida
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Nirmala Bhuria]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Valsingh Maida
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Nirmala Bhuria]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|Valsingh Maida
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Nirmala Bhuria]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Petlawad<ref name="Petlawad Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Petlawad Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/petlawad |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227153014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/petlawad |archive-date=27 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Nirmala Bhuria]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:101512}}
|percentage = 44.12
|change = -0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Valsingh Maida
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:95865}}
|percentage = 41.67
|change = -5.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharat Adivasi Party
|candidate = Balusingh Gamad
|votes = {{formatnum:15611}}
|percentage = 6.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Komalsinh Bapusinh Damor
|votes = {{formatnum:7440}}
|percentage = 3.23
|change = +2.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramchandra Javra Solanki
|votes = {{formatnum:2517}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change = -0.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3562}}
|percentage = 1.55
|change = -1.03
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5647}}
|percentage = 2.45
|change = -0.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:230062}}
|percentage = 79.97
|change = -0.49
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Petlawad<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Maida Valsingh
|votes = {{formatnum:93425}}
|percentage = 46.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Valsingh Maida
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:88425}}
|percentage = 44.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sachin Babulal Gamad
|votes = {{formatnum:6579}}
|percentage = 3.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramchandra Solanki
|votes = {{formatnum:2675}}
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:5148}}
|percentage = 2.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5000}}
|percentage = 2.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:199204}}
|percentage = 80.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==

*RAMA Block is in petlawad

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.01|74.80|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jhabua district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-stub}}

Thangmeiband Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:44Z

MohammedMathieu: created

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Thangmeiband
| mla = [[Khumukcham Joykisan|Khumukcham Joykisan Singh]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Radhabinod Koijam]], {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Imphal West district|Imphal West]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = {{formatnum:28212}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 9
| map_image = File:Map of Thangmeiband AC.png
}}
''' Thangmeiband (Vidhan Sabha constituency)''' is one of the 60 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Manipur]].<ref>[Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the [[Election Commission of India]] [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf]</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/manipur/assembly-constituencies/thongju.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Thongju Assembly Constituency]</ref>

== Extent ==
Thangmeiband is the 9th Assembly Constituency among the 60 constituencies of Manipur. It has 42 parts, namely

#Thangmeiband SInam Leikai (West)
#Thangmeiband Sinam Leikai (East)
#Langol Tarung
#Guigailong
#Tharon
#Muchi Khul
#Thangmeiband Yumnam Leika (A)
#Thangmeiband Yumnam Leika (B)
#Thangmeiband Yumnam Leika (C)
#Thangmeiband Yumnam Leika (A)
#Thangmeiband Yumnam Leika (B)
#Thangmeiband Maisnam Leikai (A)
#Thangmeiband Maisnam Leikai (B)
#Thangmeiband Hijam Leikai (A)
#Thangmeiband Hijam Leikai (B)
#Thangmeiband Polem Lekai (A)
#Thangmeiband Polem Lekai (B)
#DM College Campus (A)
#DM College Campus (B)
#DM College Campus (C)
#DM College Campus (D)
#DM College Campus (E)
#Thangmeiband Lamabam Leikai (A)
#Thangmeiband Polem Leikai
#Thangmeiband Lamabam Leikai (B)
#Thangmeiband Hijam Dewan Leikai (A)
#Thangmeiband Hijam Dewan Leikai (B)
#Thangmeiband Khomdram Selungba Leikai
#Thangmeiband Hijam Dewan Leikai (C)
#Lalambung Makhong (A)
#Lalambung Makhong (B)
#Lalambung Makhong (C)
#Lalambung Makhong (D)
#Lalambung Makhong (E)
#Lalambung Makhong (F)
#Thangal Bazar Part-1 (A)
#Thangal Bazar Part-1 (B)
#Thangal Bazar Part-2 (A)
#Thangal Bazar Part-1 (B)
#Thangal Bazar Part-3 (A)
#Thangal Bazar Part-3 (B)
#Major Khul.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief Electoral |first=Officer Manipur |date=Jan 2023 |title=Electoral Roll SSR 2023 |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/eroll}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{cite web |title=Thangmeiband Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/thangmeiband-manipur-assembly-constituency |website=resultuniversity.com |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Shagolsem Bomcha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Maibam Gouramani
|{{Full party name with color|Manipur Revolutionary Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Ngangbam Kumarjit
|{{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|-
| [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
| [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Meinam Bhorot Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Khumukcham Joykishan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
| 2015 Manipur By Election Legislative Assembly election|2015 by-election<ref>{{cite web |title=Bye Election Result 2015: Manipur 9-Thangmeiband |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2735-bye-election-result-2015-manipur-9-thangmeiband/ |website=ECI |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}|56.08}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#2015 by-election|2015 by-election]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|53.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}|36.00}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|35.13}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|38.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|33.43}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|59.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.73}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|22.64}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|51.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.03}}
}}
=== Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |title=Result Sheet State Assembly Election 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084814/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |archive-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khumukcham Joykishan]] |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=13,629 |percentage=56.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jotin Waikhom |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,856 |percentage=40.56% |change=-7.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hijam Nutanchandra Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=457 |percentage=1.88% |change=-46.96% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=360 |percentage=1.48% |change=0.90% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,773 |percentage=15.53% |change=14.86% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,302 |percentage=86.14% |change= 2.77% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,212 |change =-0.95% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal (United) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 7.25% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband<ref name=results2017>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2017 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905063602/http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |archive-date= 5 September 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khumukcham Joykishan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,596 |percentage=48.84% |change=17.45% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jotin Waikhom |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,439 |percentage=48.17% |change=46.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Erendro Leichombam |party=Peoples Resurgence and Justice Alliance |votes=573 |percentage=2.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=137 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=157 |percentage=0.66% |change=-3.96% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,745 |percentage=83.37% |change= 5.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,482 |change =4.66% }}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2015 by-election===
{{Election box begin |title=2015 Manipur Legislative Assembly by-election: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Khumukcham Joykishan]]|votes=12,104|percentage=53.96|change=+52.27}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Jyotin Waikhom|votes=10,197|percentage=45.45|change=+14.06}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = MDPF
|candidate = Dr. Gurumayum Tonsana Sharma
|votes = 55
|percentage = 0.24
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=72|percentage=0.32|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,907|percentage=8.51|change=+3.89}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=22,428|percentage=85.22|change=+6.92}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 26,315
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2012 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628212737/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |archive-date= 28 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khumukcham Joykishan]] |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=7,670 |percentage=36.00% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jotin Waikhom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,686 |percentage=31.39% |change=1.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,872 |percentage=18.18% |change=-16.95% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indrajit |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=2,713 |percentage=12.74% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=360 |percentage=1.69% |change=-20.00% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=984 |percentage=4.62% |change=-0.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,303 |percentage=78.27% |change= 0.93% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,215 |change =4.54% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Trinamool Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= 0.87% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2007 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512162740/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=7,073 |percentage=35.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jotin Waikhom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,945 |percentage=29.53% |change=16.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,367 |percentage=21.69% |change=-16.98% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Chingtham Chandramani Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,562 |percentage=12.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salam Nabachandra Singh |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=185 |percentage=0.92% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,128 |percentage=5.60% |change=-3.77% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,134 |percentage=77.34% |change= 1.30% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,032 |change =14.48% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -3.54% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2002 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183325/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,686 |percentage=38.67% |change=10.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Samata Party |votes=5,066 |percentage=29.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salam Nabachandra Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,235 |percentage=12.93% |change=-20.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khumanthem Devabrata Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=1,363 |percentage=7.88% |change=-13.45% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhinoy Singh Ningthoujam |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=1,098 |percentage=6.35% |change=-10.29% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarat Kumar Naorem |party=Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party |votes=580 |percentage=3.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mayanglambam Jane Singh |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes=166 |percentage=0.96% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,620 |percentage=9.37% |change=4.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,292 |percentage=76.05% |change= -5.33% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,739 |change =0.33% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -7.50% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,983 |percentage=33.43% |change=-12.74% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,120 |percentage=28.60% |change=17.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningthoujam Benoy Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=3,818 |percentage=21.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Naorem Sarat Kumar Singh |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=2,978 |percentage=16.64% |change=13.33% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=863 |percentage=4.82% |change=-5.53% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,899 |percentage=79.65% |change= -1.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,664 |change =9.78% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -12.74% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,666 |percentage=46.16% |change=7.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningthoujam Binoy Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=5,947 |percentage=35.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,848 |percentage=11.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laikhuram Jayentakumar |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=549 |percentage=3.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangbam Kumarjit |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=545 |percentage=3.28% |change=-56.40% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,719 |percentage=10.35% |change=-10.23% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,606 |percentage=81.38% |change= -0.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,644 |change =0.71% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -13.52% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangbam Kumarjit |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=9,885 |percentage=59.68% |change=51.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Koijam Radhabinod Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,476 |percentage=39.10% |change=-5.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Nimaichand Sharma |party=Janata Dal |votes=201 |percentage=1.21% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,409 |percentage=20.58% |change=1.04% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,562 |percentage=81.56% |change= 5.13% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,499 |change =17.28% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 14.96% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Koijam Radhabinod Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,826 |percentage=44.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningthoujam Benoy Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,281 |percentage=25.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ng. Ibochouba Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,061 |percentage=15.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangbam Kumarjit |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=1,058 |percentage=8.12% |change=-4.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Meinam Bhorot Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=667 |percentage=5.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamulailatpam Gourachandra |party=Janata Party |votes=132 |percentage=1.01% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,545 |percentage=19.54% |change=15.11% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,025 |percentage=76.44% |change= 9.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,478 |change =12.47% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 22.09% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radhabinod Koijam]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,274 |percentage=22.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangummei |party=Independent politician |votes=1,829 |percentage=18.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangbam Kumarjit |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=1,299 |percentage=12.93% |change=-38.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kh. Apabi |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=1,289 |percentage=12.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. K. Jabotbihari |party=Janata Party |votes=1,163 |percentage=11.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maisnam Modhumangol |party=Independent politician |votes=957 |percentage=9.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Punyabati |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=349 |percentage=3.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Indramani |party=Independent politician |votes=349 |percentage=3.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aribam Gourakrishna |party=Independent politician |votes=306 |percentage=3.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ibochow |party=Independent politician |votes=229 |percentage=2.28% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=445 |percentage=4.43% |change=-4.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,044 |percentage=66.79% |change= -5.83% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,540 |change =34.70% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -28.89% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Maibam Gouramani |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,235 |percentage=51.53% |change=23.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sagolsem Ibomcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,483 |percentage=42.38% |change=-1.65% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Achoibam Banbihari |party=Independent politician |votes=500 |percentage=6.08% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=752 |percentage=9.15% |change=-6.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,218 |percentage=72.62% |change= 4.42% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,537 |change =4.31% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 7.50% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thangmeiband}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shagolsemi Bomcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,249 |percentage=44.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maibam Gouramani |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,080 |percentage=28.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yumnam Nilamani Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,050 |percentage=27.78% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,169 |percentage=15.84% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,379 |percentage=68.20% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,060 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Imphal West district]]
*[[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
*[[List of constituencies of Manipur Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}

{{coord|24.82|93.93|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Imphal East district]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Manipur]]

Varthur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:52:09Z

MohammedMathieu: post

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Varthur
|state = [[Karnataka]]
|constituency_no =
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]
| loksabha_cons =
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2008
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}
'''Varthur Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It was abolished in the 2008 delimitation exercise, which redrew the boundaries of constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | K. Prabhakar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || B. V. Ramachandra Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || S. Suryanarayana Rao || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | A. Krishnappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Ashwatha Narayana Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="2" | A. Krishnappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}
==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 127,490 |percentage = 49.52% |change = {{decrease}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashwatha Narayana Reddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 114,352 |percentage = 44.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravi Prakash |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 8,349 |percentage = 3.24% |change = {{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskar Reddy. P |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,649 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,138 |percentage = 5.10% |change = {{decrease}}7.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 257,458 |percentage = 50.44% |change = {{decrease}}2.04 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 257,458}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 510,436 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 109,076 |percentage = 51.13% |change = {{increase}}16.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashwatha Narayana Reddy |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 82,975 |percentage = 38.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shankar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,103 |percentage = 3.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gopala Gowda. H. N |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 6,876 |percentage = 3.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanuj Singh |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,087 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Sathya Narayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,881 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = I. P. Muniyappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,684 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,101 |percentage = 12.23% |change = {{decrease}}4.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 213,336 |percentage = 52.48% |change = {{decrease}}8.88 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 213,336}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 406,494 |ref = |change = {{increase}}43.24 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ashwatha Narayana Reddy |party = Janata Dal |votes = 87,295 |percentage = 51.16% |change = {{increase}}7.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,085 |percentage = 34.63% |change = {{decrease}}13.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Thimma Reddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,233 |percentage = 11.27% |change = {{increase}}8.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Premakumaraiah |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,453 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,210 |percentage = 16.53% |change = {{increase}}11.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 174,136 |percentage = 61.36% |change = {{increase}}2.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,619}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,303 |percentage = 1.90% |change = {{decrease}}2.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 283,793 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.62 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,586 |percentage = 48.26% |change = {{increase}}14.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashwatha Narayana Reddy |party = Janata Dal |votes = 62,375 |percentage = 43.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Ananda Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,526 |percentage = 3.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Venkataswamy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,316 |percentage = 2.30% |change = {{decrease}}6.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Krishnan |party = Independent politician |votes = 913 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,211 |percentage = 5.00% |change = {{increase}}4.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,677 |percentage = 58.73% |change = {{increase}}2.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 144,182}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,495 |percentage = 4.31% |change = {{increase}}2.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 256,538 |ref = |change = {{increase}}57.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}14.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Krishnappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,242 |percentage = 33.84% |change = {{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashwatha Narayana Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,144 |percentage = 33.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Suryanarayana Rao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 17,871 |percentage = 20.00% |change = {{decrease}}39.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Thimma Reddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,896 |percentage = 8.84% |change = {{increase}}6.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Krishnachari |party = Independent politician |votes = 710 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Somashekar Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 616 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 98 |percentage = 0.11% |change = {{decrease}}24.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,972 |percentage = 55.93% |change = {{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,357}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,615 |percentage = 1.78% |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,648 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.14 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing = {{decrease}}25.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. Suryanarayana Rao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 48,344 |percentage = 59.08% |change = {{increase}}49.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. V. Ramachandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,533 |percentage = 34.87% |change = {{increase}}30.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Ramachandra |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,845 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. H. Krishnappa |party = Lokdal |votes = 746 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,811 |percentage = 24.21% |change = {{increase}}10.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,777 |percentage = 65.49% |change = {{decrease}}5.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,834}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,943 |percentage = 2.32% |change = {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,925 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.12 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}17.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. V. Ramachandra Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 28,613 |percentage = 41.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. T. Somashekara Reddy |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 19,301 |percentage = 27.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. T. Mariswamy Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,651 |percentage = 10.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Suryanarayana Rao |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 7,009 |percentage = 10.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. T. Ranganatha |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,000 |percentage = 5.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramaswamy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,849 |percentage = 4.09% |change = {{decrease}}56.27 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,312 |percentage = 13.37% |change = {{decrease}}11.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,565 |percentage = 71.11% |change = {{increase}}30.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,627}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,938 |percentage = 2.71% |change = {{increase}}2.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,633 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.28 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}19.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Prabhakar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,774 |percentage = 60.36% |change = {{increase}}23.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Munichinnappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 11,500 |percentage = 35.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Munishamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,484 |percentage = 4.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,274 |percentage = 25.26% |change = {{increase}}15.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,879 |percentage = 40.49% |change = {{decrease}}9.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,758}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,667 |ref = |change = {{increase}}37.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}23.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Varthur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Prabhakar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,061 |percentage = 37.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Munichinnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,282 |percentage = 26.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Chickanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,939 |percentage = 21.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. K. Murthy |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,943 |percentage = 7.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Nanjiah |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 1,140 |percentage = 4.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ramappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 817 |percentage = 3.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,779 |percentage = 10.22% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,212 |percentage = 49.74% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,182}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,745 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.9|77.7|display=title}}

[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Satara Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:02Z

MohammedMathieu: new

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Satara
| constituency_no = 262
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 262-Satara.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]
| district = [[Satara district|Satara]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors =344,018
}}
'''Satara Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[Western India]]. It is a part of [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency]], along with five other assembly constituencies, viz [[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai]], [[Karad North Assembly constituency|Karad North]], [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]], [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]] and [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]] from [[Satara district]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation Of Parliamentary And Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Vithalrao Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan=3| Dhondiram Jagtap
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|rowspan=5| Abhaysinhraje Bhosale
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| 1998^
| [[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| Abhaysinhraje Bhosale
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan=5| [[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Satara">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Satara |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13262.htm |access-date=21 January 2025 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121072952/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13262.htm |archive-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 176,849 |percentage = 81.25% |change={{increase}}21.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Amit Genuji Kadam |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 34,725 |percentage = 15.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Baban Ganpat Karde |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 2,772 |percentage = 1.27% |change={{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,419 |percentage = 1.11% |change={{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 142,124 |percentage = 65.30% |change= {{increase}}43.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 220,081 |percentage = 63.97% |change= {{increase}}4.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 217,662}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 344,018|ref = |change= {{increase}}1.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}21.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 118,005 |percentage = 59.64% |change={{increase}}32.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deepak Sahebrao Pawar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 74,581 |percentage = 37.69% |change={{decrease}}15.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Gorakhnath Dixit |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,154 |percentage = 1.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,978 |percentage = 1.00% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,424 |percentage = 21.95% |change= {{decrease}}3.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 200,362 |percentage = 59.31% |change= {{increase}}0.11 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 197,871}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 337,831|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}6.68 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 97,964 |percentage = 52.96% |change={{decrease}}24.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Dipak Sahebrao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,151 |percentage = 27.11% |change={{increase}}14.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dagadu Haribhau Sakpal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 25,421 |percentage = 13.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajani Dipak Pawar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 7,187 |percentage = 3.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,333 |percentage = 1.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rahul Murlidhar Pawar |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,164 |percentage = 0.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 47,813 |percentage = 25.85% |change= {{decrease}}38.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 187,403 |percentage = 59.97% |change= {{increase}}2.98 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 184,986}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 312,474|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}24.76 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 127,143 |percentage = 77.71% |change={{increase}}25.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narendra Mohanrao Patil |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,365 |percentage = 13.06% |change={{decrease}}32.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Varsha Laxman Deshpande |party=Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 7,349 |percentage = 4.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Prashant Vasant |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,147 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kishor Hanmant Dhumal |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,873 |percentage = 1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pradip Ganpat Shivdas |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes = 1,585 |percentage = 0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Sanjay Popatrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,252 |percentage = 0.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 105,778 |percentage = 64.65% |change= {{increase}}57.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 163,842 |percentage = 56.30% |change= {{decrease}}13.97 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 163,605}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 290,993|ref = |change= {{increase}}30.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}25.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsale Shrimant Shivendrasinh Abhayasinhraje |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 82,238 |percentage = 52.60% |change={{increase}}3.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsle Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayanraje Pratapsinh Maharaj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 71,324 |percentage = 45.62% |change={{increase}}0.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bharat Mahadeo Gurav (Guruji) |party=Lok Rajya Party |votes = 2,770 |percentage = 1.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,914 |percentage = 6.98% |change= {{increase}}2.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,469 |percentage = 70.26% |change= {{increase}}5.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 156,332}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 222,703|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}3.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 59,780 |percentage = 49.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Udayanraje Bhosale]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,417 |percentage = 44.71% |change={{decrease}}8.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uthale Babanrao Alias Laxman Sadashiv |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 5,738 |percentage = 4.71% |change={{decrease}}41.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahabaleshwarkar Bhaskar Shankar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,260 |percentage = 1.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,363 |percentage = 4.41% |change= {{decrease}}2.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 128,638 |percentage = 68.22% |change= {{increase}}4.82 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 121,710}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,559|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1998 elections in India#Maharashtra|1998 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb1998/Bye-June1998.htm |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Udayanraje Bhosale]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,974 |percentage = 53.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 50,974 |percentage = 46.36% |change={{decrease}}15.80 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,000 |percentage = 7.28% |change= {{decrease}}32.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,954 |percentage = 60.28% |change= {{decrease}}11.23 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 109,948}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,074|ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.22 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.53 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 83,053 |percentage = 62.17% |change={{decrease}}2.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghorpade Bhimrao Shamrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 30,485 |percentage = 22.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Hanmantrao Genaba |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 13,000 |percentage = 9.73% |change={{decrease}}23.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahableshwarkar Bhaskar Shankar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,598 |percentage = 2.69% |change={{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kazi Nizam Papa |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,112 |percentage = 0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 52,568 |percentage = 39.35% |change= {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 136,791 |percentage = 72.66% |change= {{increase}}2.76 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,597}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,262|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 74,936 |percentage = 64.27% |change={{decrease}}4.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhonsale Rajmata Kalpanarraje Pratapsinh Maharaj |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 38,783 |percentage = 33.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahabaleshwarkar Bhaskar Alias Prabhakar Shankar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 2,466 |percentage = 2.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 36,153 |percentage = 31.01% |change= {{decrease}}7.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 118,137 |percentage = 69.10% |change= {{decrease}}1.89 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 116,597}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 170,958|ref = |change= {{increase}}35.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 60,677 |percentage = 68.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Sarjerao Vithalrao |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 26,754 |percentage = 30.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 33,923 |percentage = 38.27% |change= {{increase}}27.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,949 |percentage = 71.13% |change= {{increase}}7.91 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,643}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,459|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}18.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 36,048 |percentage = 49.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uthale Babanrao Alias Laxman Sadashiv |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 28,193 |percentage = 38.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gajabhau Kulkarni |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,180 |percentage = 8.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nikam Ramrao Dhondiba |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,067 |percentage = 2.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,855 |percentage = 10.84% |change= {{increase}}1.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,864 |percentage = 63.36% |change= {{decrease}}7.18 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,488}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,574|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abhaysinh Shahumaharaj Bhosale |party=Janata Party |votes = 37,549 |percentage = 50.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghorpade Baburao Balasaheb |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,263 |percentage = 40.39% |change={{decrease}}28.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nikam Ramrao Dhondiba |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,612 |percentage = 3.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Hanmant Kesu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,357 |percentage = 1.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uthale Vijaysinh Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,218 |percentage = 1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhore Divakar Vishnupant |party=Independent politician |votes = 668 |percentage = 0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Shivram Laxman |party=Independent politician |votes = 649 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,286 |percentage = 9.72% |change= {{decrease}}37.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,463 |percentage = 70.79% |change= {{increase}}2.32 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,924}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,018|ref = |change= {{increase}}21.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}19.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Dhondiram Shidoji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 41,307 |percentage = 69.17% |change={{increase}}4.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Narayanrao Rajaram |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 13,068 |percentage = 21.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vinayakrao B. Dhawale |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,335 |percentage = 7.26% |change={{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rasal Dinkar Shripati |party=Independent politician |votes = 535 |percentage = 0.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhagwat Sonappa Balappa |party=Independent politician |votes = 469 |percentage = 0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,239 |percentage = 47.29% |change= {{increase}}9.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,265 |percentage = 68.79% |change= {{decrease}}0.64 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,714}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,065|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dhondiram Shidoji Jagtap |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 33,984 |percentage = 64.66% |change={{decrease}}4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. R. Pawar |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 14,228 |percentage = 27.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vinayakrao B. Dhawale |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,363 |percentage = 6.40% |change={{increase}}1.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. P. Mane |party=Independent politician |votes = 980 |percentage = 1.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,756 |percentage = 37.59% |change= {{decrease}}7.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,045 |percentage = 72.18% |change= {{decrease}}4.68 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,555}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,651|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dhondiram Shidoji Jagtap |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,390 |percentage = 69.00% |change={{increase}}39.8 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithalrao Nanasaheb Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 12,068 |percentage = 23.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dadasaheb Madhavrao Jadhav |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,482 |percentage = 4.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yaduveer Sakharam Ghogale |party=Independent politician |votes = 956 |percentage = 1.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahadu Rangaji Kambale |party=Independent politician |votes = 395 |percentage = 0.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,322 |percentage = 45.47% |change= {{increase}}3.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,555 |percentage = 75.56% |change= {{increase}}11.35 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,291}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,878|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.09 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Satara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Vithal Nanasaheb |party=Independent politician |votes = 26,602 |percentage = 70.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghorpade Baburao Balasaheb |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 10,971 |percentage = 29.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,631 |percentage = 41.60% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,573 |percentage = 61.01% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,573}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,583|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Satara district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord|17.68|74.02|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satara (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Satara (city)]]
[[Category:Satara district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]

Cred (company)

2026-04-08T07:46:52Z

MohammedMathieu: added a info w/ sources!

{{Short description|Indian financial technology company}}
{{other uses|Cred (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Dreamplug Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
| logo = CRED_(FinTech_company)_logo.png
| logo_alt = Cred Logo
| trading_name = CRED
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| industry = {{ubl|[[Financial technology]]|[[E-commerce payment system|Payments]]|[[Adware]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anupam |first1=Suprita |title=CRED’s Super App Revenue Stack |url=https://inc42.com/features/creds-super-app-revenue-stack-kunal-shahs-big-bets/ |access-date=12 October 2025 |work=Inc42 |date=28 August 2024}}</ref>}}
| founded = {{start date and age|2018|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Kunal Shah]] {{small|([[Organizational founder|Founder]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
| hq_location = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]
| hq_location_country = India
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|2473|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24">{{cite news |title=CRED nears Rs 2,500 Cr revenue in FY24; cuts operating losses by 41%|url=https://entrackr.com/2024/09/cred-nears-rs-2500-cr-revenue-in-fy24-cuts-operating-losses-by-41/|work=EnTrackr |date=30 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| net_income = {{negative increase}} {{INRConvert|-1644|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| num_employees = 800
| website = {{URL|https://cred.club/}}
}}

'''Dreamplug Technologies Pvt. Ltd.''', [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''CRED''', is an Indian [[Financial technology|fintech]] company, based in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kunal Shah's CRED raises $215 million to be India's latest unicorn with a valuation of $2.2 billion|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/kunal-shah-cred-raises-215-million-to-be-indias-latest-unicorn-with-a-valuation-of-2-2-billion/articleshow/81933639.cms|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=Kunal Shah's Cred turns unicorn in less than three years; valuation slingshots nearly 3X to $2.2 billion|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/kunal-shahs-cred-turns-unicorn-valuation-jumps-nearly-3x-to-2-2b-valuation-with-215-million-funding/2228078/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cred valued at $2.2 billion with new round, Kunal Shah says 'conscious call' to not monetise in first 2 years|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/startup/cred-valued-at-22-billion-with-new-round-kunal-shah-says-conscious-call-to-not-monetise-in-first-2-years-8833041.htm|access-date=2021-04-10|website=cnbctv18.com|date=6 April 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Founded in 2018 by [[Kunal Shah]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patwa|first=Prasannata|date=2018-11-26|title=Cred to launch product for credit card users|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/hMPDTo4UhtvMCsEqa6qLoJ/Cred-to-launch-product-for-credit-card-users.html|access-date=2021-04-11|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gooptu|first1=Biswarup|last2=Sharma|first2=Samidha|title=Kunal Shah: FreeCharge's Kunal Shah is back with Fintech firm Cred|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/freecharges-kunal-shah-is-back-with-fintech-firm-cred/articleshow/66804073.cms|access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref> it is a reward-based credit card payments app.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bajaj|first=Karan|title=Cred review: Makes credit card bill payments easier, rewards for timely transaction|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/cred-review-makes-credit-card-bill-payments-easier-rewards-for-timely-transaction/articleshow/66894555.cms|access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref> CRED also allows users to make house rent payments<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to pay house rent online with your credit card using CRED app|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/technology-science/article/how-to-pay-house-rent-online-with-your-credit-card-using-cred-app/604934|access-date=2021-04-11|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=11 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and provides short-term [[Line of credit|credit lines]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=2020-04-20|title=Cred Rentpay, Stash services launched in India|url=https://www.bgr.in/news/cred-introduces-new-rentpay-and-stash-services-for-creditworthy-individuals-886780/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=BGR India|language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2022, the company was valued at around $6.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-06-09 |title=India's CRED valued at $6.4 billion in new funding |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/09/india-cred-valued-at-6-5-billion-in-new-funding/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Cred was started in 2018 by Kunal Shah. Cred posted losses of ₹360.31 crore in fiscal year 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Vardhan|first1=Jai|last2=Tyagi|first2=Gaurav|date=2021-02-06|title=Kunal Shah's CRED spent Rs 727 to earn a rupee in FY20|url=https://entrackr.com/2021/02/kunal-shahs-cred-spent-rs-727-to-earn-a-rupee-in-fy20/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Entrackr|language=en-US}}</ref> caused primarily due to high expenditure on marketing and advertising.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Spender CRED Banks On Rent Payments, Credit Lines For Revenue|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/bq-blue-exclusive/big-spender-cred-banks-on-rent-payments-credit-lines-for-revenue|access-date=2021-04-11|website=BloombergQuint|language=en}}</ref> By 2021, the company reported having 5.9 million users.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=J |first=Anand |date=June 11, 2024 |title=Cred's new-user growth by 2024 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/creds-new-user-growth-stagnates-increased-upi-payment-a-silver-lining-article-12745460.html |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

In 2021, Cred acquired [[expense management]] startup Happay and a liquor delivery startup HipBar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-29 |title=Cred to acquire lending-as-a-service firm CreditVidya |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/cred-to-acquire-lending-as-a-service-firm-creditvidya-11669718533772.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> In December 2022, Cred acquired a 100% stake in CreditVidya that offers [[lending]] as a service to customers who do not have a credit score.<ref name=":0" />

In July 2023, Cred acquired savings and investment platform Spenny.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=CRED acquihires savings platform Spenny |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/announcements/cred-acquires-savings-platform-startup-spenny-10847871.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> In February 2024, Cred acquired online [[wealth management]] and mutual funds startup [[Kuvera.in|Kuvera]] for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banthia |first=Jyoti |date=2024-02-06 |title=CRED to acquire Kuvera for undisclosed amount |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/cred-to-acquire-kuvera-for-undisclosed-amount/article67817336.ece |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2024, Cred reported having 13 million monthly active users (MAUs). Its market share in [[Unified Payments Interface|UPI]] transaction volume was 1% in 2024.<ref name=":1" />

In November 2024, the company sold Happay to [[MakeMyTrip]] for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=Roshni |date=18 November 2024 |title=MakeMyTrip to acquire Happay's expense management platform from CRED |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/makemytrip-to-acquire-happay-s-expense-management-platform-from-cred-124111800839_1.html |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== Funding ==
Cred raised funding from [[DST Global]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-02|title=Cred raises $80 million in a funding round led by DST Global, valuation now up at $800 million |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/cred-raises-80-million-in-a-funding-round-led-by-dst-global-valuation-now-up-at-800-million-9070611.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Firstpost}}</ref> [[Sequoia Capital|Sequoia Capital (India)]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=VC firm Sequoia Capital closes second seed fund at $195 million to back startups in India, Southeast Asia|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/sme/vc-firm-sequoia-capital-closes-second-seed-fund-at-195-million-to-back-startups-in-india-southeast-asia/2220031/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cred Turns Unicorn, Raises $215 Million At A Valuation Of $2.2 Billion|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/cred-turns-unicorn-raises-215-million-at-a-valuation-of-2-2-billion-6735001.html|access-date=2022-11-26|website=Moneycontrol|first=Chandra R|last=Srikanth|date=6 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Tiger Global]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-26|title=Kunal Shah's Cred Raises $120 Mn Series B Funding From Ribbit, Tiger Global And Others|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/kunal-shahs-cred-is-raising-101-mn-series-b-funding/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US}}</ref> among other investors, through the four rounds of private funding so far.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's CRED in talks to raise $200 million at $2 billion valuation|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/15/india-cred-in-talks-to-raise-200-million-at-2-billion-valuation/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=TechCrunch|date=15 March 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2021, Cred started to seek new investors, reporting a $5.5 billion valuation, up from $2.2 billion recorded in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh |first=Manesh |title=Indian fintech CRED seeks funds at $5.5 billion valuation |work=TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/11/indian-fintech-cred-seeks-funds-at-5-5-billion-valuation/ |date=2021-10-11 |access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Manikandan|first=Ashwin|title=Cred's valuation soars to $2.2 billion after fresh funding|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/cred-raises-215-million-to-close-its-series-d-funding-round/articleshow/81930422.cms|access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref>

In June 2022, CRED raised $80 million in a Series F [[Securities offering|funding round]] led by Singapore's [[sovereign wealth fund]], [[GIC (sovereign wealth fund)|GIC]], valuing the company at around $6.4 billion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ritu |first=Singh |date=27 May 2025 |title=CRED eyes $75 million fresh funding led by GIC amid 45% valuation drop |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/cred-eyes-75-mln-in-fresh-funding-led-by-gic-at-45-valuation-drop-19611356.htm |access-date=27 May 2025 |website=cnbctv18 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!'''Investor'''
!'''Transaction name'''
!'''Fund raised'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: CRED in talks to raise funding, eyes $6.5 bn valuation |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/exclusive-cred-in-talks-to-raise-funding-eyes-6-5-bn-valuation-8061091.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
!'''Valuation'''
|-
|Sequoia Capital India
|Seed
|$30 million
| rowspan="2" |Undisclosed
|-
|Sequoia Capital, RTP Ventures, and 25 others
|Series A
|$636,000
|-
|Sequoia Capital, [[Ribbit Capital]], and seven others
|Series B
|$120 million
|{{Increase}} $450 million
|-
|DST Global, Tiger Global Management, and seven others
|Series C
|$81 million
|{{Increase}} $806 million
|-
|Coatue, Insight Partners, and nine others
|Series D
|$215 million
|{{Increase}} $2.2 billion
|-
|Tiger Global Management, Marshall Wace, and eight others
|Series E
|$251 million
|{{Increase}} $4.01 billion
|-
|GIC Singapore, Tiger Global Management, and three others
|Series F
|$80 million
|{{Increase}} $6.4 billion
|}

== Marketing and reception ==
Cred became the official sponsor for the [[Indian Premier League]] for four years from 2020 to 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-02|title=After Unacademy, Cred Joins IPL 2020 As Official Partner|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/bcci-announces-cred-as-official-partner-of-ipl/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, Cred's advertising content and videos, made in-house featuring Indian celebrities,<ref>{{Cite web|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|title=CRED launches 90s inspired multi-film campaign featuring Anil Kapoor – ET BrandEquity|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/cred-launches-90s-inspired-multi-film-campaign-featuring-anil-kapoor/78229225|access-date=2021-04-11|website=ETBrandEquity.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhatt|first=Shephali|title=Who made Bappi Da sing love ballads for credit cards?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/internet/who-made-bappi-da-sing-love-ballads-for-credit-cards/articleshow/78400017.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Misra|first=Shubhangi|date=2020-11-01|title=With Bappi Lahiri to Govinda, India's ad industry is laughing at itself. Not everyone gets why|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/bappi-lahiri-govinda-cred-ad-industry-laughing-at-themselves-not-everyone-gets-why/534852/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> generated significant discourse in news and social media<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-07|title=Is self-ridicule the new ad formula?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-your-bond-with-bengaluru/is-self-ridicule-the-new-ad-formula-912396.html|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Govinda's New CRED Ad: Here's Why the Dancing Superstar Said Yes|url=https://odishatv.in/news/govindas-new-cred-ad-heres-why-the-dancing-superstar-said-yes-488994|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona – OTV News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|title=Jim Sarbh engages with audience in Cred's new ad film – ET BrandEquity|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/jim-sarbh-engages-with-audience-in-creds-new-ad-film/81988755|access-date=2021-04-11|website=ETBrandEquity.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=CRED in the Indian Premier League (IPL): sixer or hit wicket?|url=https://the-ken.com/story/cred-in-the-ipl-sixer-or-hit-wicket/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Ken|language=en-US}}</ref> due to its peculiarity, which was both criticized<ref>{{Cite web|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|title=Opinion: First you pay them, then you mock them? – ET BrandEquity|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/opinion-first-you-pay-them-then-you-mock-them/78526353|access-date=2021-04-11|website=ETBrandEquity.com|language=en}}</ref> and praised.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRED… not everyone gets it: A copywriter's take|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/guest-article/cred-not-everyone-gets-it-a-copywriters-take|access-date=2021-04-11|website=afaqs!}}</ref> Cred has received criticism for being overvalued and lacking a sound monetization strategy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalal |first=Mihir |date=2021-02-04 |title=Forgive us for asking, but what's Cred's business model? |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/forgive-us-for-asking-but-what-s-cred-s-business-model-11612452194349.html |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Worth $806 mn, Cred's Rs 52-lakh revenue sparks valuation, business model debate |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/startup/cred-revenue-valuation-business-model-8244661.htm |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=cnbctv18.com |date=8 February 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite journal |last1=Balaji |first1=V Vinoth |last2=Sriram |first2=M |date=4 March 2025 |title=CRED: A fintech unicorn's journey and future path |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/20438869251325248 |journal=Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |doi=10.1177/20438869251325248 |eissn=2043-8869|url-access=subscription }}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
{{Digital payment providers}}
{{FinTech in India}}

[[Category:Indian companies established in 2018]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2018]]
[[Category:Online financial services companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Karnataka]]

Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar

2026-04-04T17:50:22Z

MohammedMathieu: added some data from scratch!

{{short description|Heritage building in West Bengal}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=bn|otherarticle=গ্রেস কটেজ, কৃষ্ণনগর|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
'''Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar''' is a Government office building and heritage site.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2012|first=Subhro|last=Niyogi|title=Crumbling cradle of Bengal renaissance may get new lease of life|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Crumbling-cradle-of-Bengal-renaissance-may-get-new-lease-of-life/articleshow/15636697.cms|access-date=2020-09-24|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611222253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/crumbling-cradle-of-bengal-renaissance-may-get-new-lease-of-life/articleshow/15636697.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It is situated at Bowbazar, [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] in [[Nadia district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. Presently the building houses an office of [[West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plan for Nazrul archive at home|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/plan-for-nazrul-archive-at-home/cid/457429|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.telegraphindia.com|archive-date=2022-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611222255/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/plan-for-nazrul-archive-at-home/cid/457429|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Grace Cottage in Krishnagar 10.jpg|thumb|Grace Cottage in Krishnanagar]]

==History==
During the British period, a power station was situated in Grace Cottage complex. Poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] stayed there between 1926 and 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – Krishnanagar Municipality|url=https://krishnanagarmunicipality.com/about-us/|access-date=2020-09-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027073627/https://krishnanagarmunicipality.com/about-us/|url-status=live}}</ref> His first child Bulbul was born and mother Zahida died there.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Sumanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYFjAAAAMAAJ&q=Grace+cottage+Nazrul|title=Kazi Nazrul Islam: Freedom's Poet|date=2003|publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-0115-0|language=en|access-date=2022-01-02|archive-date=2022-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618142931/https://books.google.com/books?id=VYFjAAAAMAAJ&q=Grace+cottage+Nazrul|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-P04SROmq3QC&dq=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2+%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&pg=PP49|title=Kaji Najrual Islam|publisher=Anubhav Prakashan|language=bn|access-date=2022-01-02|archive-date=2022-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614053802/https://books.google.com/books?id=-P04SROmq3QC&dq=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2+%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&pg=PP49|url-status=live}}</ref> Nazrul wrote number of his famous poems, namely ''Daridro'', ''Phani Manasa'', ''Samyabadi'', ''Puber Hawa'' and the novel ''[[Mrityukshuda (novel)|Mrityu Khudha]]'' in the rented house.<ref>{{Cite web|title=গ্রেস কটেজেই তাঁর 'মৃত্যুক্ষুধা'|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/heritage-guest-cottage-not-getting-permission-to-reopen-1.395478|access-date=2020-09-25|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn|archive-date=2019-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703005411/https://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/heritage-guest-cottage-not-getting-permission-to-reopen-1.395478|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Pinakpani |title=English: Grace Cottage, situated at Bowbazar, Krishnagar, a Heritage site in Krishnagar, Nadia, West Bengal |date=2020-09-23 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grace_Cottage_in_Krishnagar_02.jpg |access-date=2024-07-15}}</ref> On 25 August 2012 the Grace Cottage was renovated and got heritage status by the West Bengal Heritage Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grace Cottage located within the power-house premises of WBSEDCL|url=https://wbhc.in/home/place_details/ZTE4MWRhNzJmMmFmYzdlNDQ1YTI5NTcxZDQ3YTNhODc0MDJlMDc0M2NkZDZkN2IxZWZmNDM4YmIwYmY0ZmFkZjIzM2JlMDE5YTVlYjQ0NzA0NDEzMjJiZDUyY2E3MjkzNjU1OGU5ZWM3MGNhZjU3ZmNkMzUyYmMwMzYyOGFhMTRyUmFkeG1qdmRsais3dlJkY1BXU3RRZjc3d2t5d25haVNmZnR5Qzl1RVpRPQ==|access-date=2020-09-24|website=West Bengal Heritage Commission|language=en-IN|archive-date=2022-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614060724/https://wbhc.in/home/place_details/ZTE4MWRhNzJmMmFmYzdlNDQ1YTI5NTcxZDQ3YTNhODc0MDJlMDc0M2NkZDZkN2IxZWZmNDM4YmIwYmY0ZmFkZjIzM2JlMDE5YTVlYjQ0NzA0NDEzMjJiZDUyY2E3MjkzNjU1OGU5ZWM3MGNhZjU3ZmNkMzUyYmMwMzYyOGFhMTRyUmFkeG1qdmRsais3dlJkY1BXU3RRZjc3d2t5d25haVNmZnR5Qzl1RVpRPQ==|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Krishnagar Grace Cottage}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Krishnanagar]]
[[Category:Government buildings in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Kazi Nazrul Islam]]

Yoginder Singh Rana

2026-03-31T15:25:06Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Assandh Assembly constituency|Assandh]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Shamsher Singh Gogi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Yogender Singh Rana''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]],<ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> representing [[Assandh Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Assandh, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Yoginder Singh Rana with 54761 defeats INC's Shamsher Singh Gogi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/assandh-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612801-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Assandh Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assandh-election-result-2024-live-update-9077310.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Yogender Singh Rana contested the 2024 elections as a BJP candidate from the Asandh constituency and won by a majority of 2,306 votes against his nearest rival Indian National Congress candidate Shamsher Singh Gogi, becoming an MLA for the first time.<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Assandh">{{cite news |last1=Election Commision of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Assandh |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0723.htm |accessdate=28 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="Haryana Assembly Election 2024 Results: Full List Of Winners">{{cite news |last1=News18 |title=Haryana Assembly Election 2024 Results: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/haryana-assembly-election-2024-results-full-list-of-winners-9079657.html |accessdate=28 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Assandh Election Results: BJP’s Yoginder Singh Rana Wins With Over 54,000 Votes">{{cite news |last1=TimelineDaily |title=Assandh Election Results: BJP’s Yoginder Singh Rana Wins With Over 54,000 Votes |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/assandh-election-results-bjp-s-yoginder-singh-rana-wins-with-over-54-000-votes |accessdate=28 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP announces Assandh ticket for Karnal dist president Rana">{{cite news |last1=The Tribune |title=BJP announces Assandh ticket for Karnal dist president Rana |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/bjp-announces-assandh-ticket-for-karnal-dist-president-rana/ |accessdate=28 October 2024 |date=11 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Yoginder Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)

2026-03-30T19:31:09Z

MohammedMathieu: added new details added tags!

{{Short description|2024 soundtrack album by Anirudh Ravichander}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Devara: Part 1
| image = Devara- Part 1 Soundtrack Album Cover.jpg
| border = yes
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| released = 26 September 2024
| recorded = November 2022–March 2024
| studio = Albuquerque Studios, [[Chennai]] [[AM Studios]], Chennai 2 BarQ Studios, Chennai Sounds Right Studio, Chennai Vanajkesav Digi Audio Waves, Chennai Sruthi Audio Labs, [[Hyderabad]] Wibe Studios, [[Mumbai]] [[YRF Studios]], Mumbai Studio DMI, [[Las Vegas]]
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:40
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| prev_title = [[Indian 2 (soundtrack)|Indian 2]]
| prev_year = 2024
| year = 2024
| next_title = [[Vettaiyan (soundtrack)|Vettaiyan]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|eQYAAxa_yLM&pp|Devara: Part 1 (Jukebox)}}}}
{{Singles
| name = Devara: Part 1
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Fear Song
| single1date = 19 January 2024
| single2 = [[Chuttamalle]]
| single2date = 5 February 2024
| single3 = Daavudi
| single3date = 4 March 2024
}}
}}

'''''Devara: Part 1''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] to the 2024 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] [[Devara: Part 1|of the same name]] directed by [[Koratala Siva]], starring [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]]. The lyrics were written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] in Telugu, Vishnu Edavan, [[Vignesh Shivan]] and [[Pa. Vijay]] in Tamil, [[Manoj Muntashir]] and [[Kausar Munir]] in Hindi, [[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]] in Malayalam and Varadaraj Chikkaballapura in Kannada. The soundtrack album which consisted of four songs was released under the [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] label on 26 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Devara: Part 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Anirudh Ravichander |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/devara-part-1-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-telugu-ep/1770755972 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929001115/https://music.apple.com/us/album/devara-part-1-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-telugu-ep/1770755972 |archive-date=2024-09-29 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

== Production ==
The film's soundtrack album and [[background score]] are composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] in his fourth Telugu project after ''[[Agnyaathavaasi]]'' (2018), ''[[Jersey (2019 film)|Jersey]]'' (2019)'','' and ''[[Nani's Gang Leader]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsava |first=Samriddhi |date=2022-05-19 |title=NTR 30: Jr NTR and Koratala Siva's film announced ahead of the actor's birthday. See motion poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ntr-30-jr-ntr-and-koratala-diva-s-film-announced-ahead-of-the-actor-s-birthday-see-motion-poster-1951555-2022-05-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171919/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ntr-30-jr-ntr-and-koratala-diva-s-film-announced-ahead-of-the-actor-s-birthday-see-motion-poster-1951555-2022-05-19 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> This also marks the second time Siva has worked with another music director besides his frequent collaborator, [[Devi Sri Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2022 |title=NTR 30 teaser: Jr NTR is set to unleash his fury in his next pan-India movie |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ntr-30-teaser-jr-ntr-pan-india-movie-7926419/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171919/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ntr-30-teaser-jr-ntr-pan-india-movie-7926419/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> At a press conference in Chennai, Anirudh recalled that the actor's fans had trended on [[Twitter]] insisting his inclusion for a future project, which led the team rope him for the film.{{cn|date=March 2026}}Anirudh was initially roped in for ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' (2018) before he was replaced by [[Thaman S]] as the composer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-08 |title=Anirudh wishes Trivikram Srinivas on his upcoming project |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anirudh-wishes-trivikram-srinivas-his-upcoming-project-77602 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926201006/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anirudh-wishes-trivikram-srinivas-his-upcoming-project-77602 |archive-date=2021-09-26 |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref> He further added, "When Koratala Siva sir narrated the story to me, I was genuinely excited and entertained. I realised that it is not a mainstream Telugu film, but a rather different idea in the commercial genre. I had also not done a mass film in Telugu until then. Additionally, this film is Anna's solo release after 6 years, which means that it will have a lot of expectations."<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=2024-09-22 |title=Jr NTR: I'm not in the pan-India game |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2024/Sep/22/jr-ntr-the-heroism-in-devara-is-beautifully-articulated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923100133/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2024/Sep/22/jr-ntr-the-heroism-in-devara-is-beautifully-articulated |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

The music sittings for the film began in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malhotra |first=Prachi |date=20 November 2022 |title=NTR30: Anirudh Ravichander teams up with Jr NTR; Begins music discussion with Koratala Siva |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/anirudh-ravichander-koratala-sivas-deep-talk-on-music-for-jr-ntr-starrer-ntr30-dont-miss-trophies-in-pic-1199780 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171920/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/anirudh-ravichander-koratala-sivas-deep-talk-on-music-for-jr-ntr-starrer-ntr30-dont-miss-trophies-in-pic-1199780 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> In August 2023, Ramajogayya Sastry in his X (formerly [[Twitter]]) account, had announced that he had started writing the lyrics for the film's songs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Shree |date=2023-08-12 |title=Ramajogaiah Sastry gets to form with Guntur Kaaram & Devara |url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/254278/ramajogaiah-sastry-gets-to-form-with-guntur-kaaram-devara |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204173842/https://www.gulte.com/movienews/254278/ramajogaiah-sastry-gets-to-form-with-guntur-kaaram-devara |archive-date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=[[Gulte]] |language=en-US}}</ref> While recording the film's music and score, Anirudh impressed on the film's production values, scale and opulence of grandeur, as well as it having a multitude of emotions, which felt that working in three films at once.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-09-26 |title=Anirudh creates much more hype for 'Devara' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anirudh-creates-much-more-hype-for-devara-909907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927024319/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anirudh-creates-much-more-hype-for-devara-909907 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> Anirudh recorded the film score during the third quarter of 2024, at Budapest with Budapest Scoring Orchestra performing the score. He utilized newer instrumentations and soundscape to bring a fresh sound.<ref name=":1" />

The film's music rights were purchased by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] at the price of {{INRConvert|27|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Jr NTR-starrer Devara's Audio Rights Sold For A Whopping Amount: Reports |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/jr-ntr-starrer-devaras-audio-rights-sold-for-a-whopping-amount-reports-8657033.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117104145/https://www.news18.com/movies/jr-ntr-starrer-devaras-audio-rights-sold-for-a-whopping-amount-reports-8657033.html |archive-date=2023-11-17 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The first single, titled "Fear Song" was released on the eve of Rama Rao's birthday, 19 May 2024 in all five languages with vocals by Anirudh in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi, and [[Santhosh Venky]] in Kannada and Malayalam.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2024 |title=Fear Song from 'Devara: Part 1' out: Jr NTR looks formidable in this Anirudh track |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fear-song-devara-part-1-jr-ntr-formidable-anirudh-ravichander-2541171-2024-05-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609221617/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/fear-song-devara-part-1-jr-ntr-formidable-anirudh-ravichander-2541171-2024-05-19 |archive-date=9 June 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=Fear Song from Jr NTR's Devara Part 1 sends fans into a frenzy; Anirudh Ravichander is set to conquer Telugu market |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/fear-song-from-jr-ntrs-devara-part-1-sends-fans-into-a-frenzy-9341287/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710045820/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/fear-song-from-jr-ntrs-devara-part-1-sends-fans-into-a-frenzy-9341287/ |archive-date=2024-07-10 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The second single titled "Chuttamalle" (in Telugu), "Paththavaikkum" (in Tamil), "Dheere Dheere" (in Hindi), "Kanninathan Kamanottam" (in Malayalam) and "Swaathimutthe Sikkangaithe" (in Kannada) was released on 5 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2024 |title=Devara song Chuttamalle: Anirudh Ravichander's romantic melody explores NTR Jr, Janhvi Kapoor's dance skills, sizzling chemistry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devara-song-chuttamalle-anirudh-ravichander-romantic-melody-ntr-jr-janhvi-kapoor-dance-skills-sizzling-chemistry-9496373/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823101152/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devara-song-chuttamalle-anirudh-ravichander-romantic-melody-ntr-jr-janhvi-kapoor-dance-skills-sizzling-chemistry-9496373/ |archive-date=23 August 2024 |access-date=5 August 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The song was performed by [[Shilpa Rao]] in all versions, except for the Tamil version which was sung by [[Deepthi Suresh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=Devara Song Chuttamalle: Jr NTR Romances Janhvi Kapoor In Breezy Love Ballad; Fans React {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/devara-song-chuttamalle-jr-ntr-romances-janhvi-kapoor-in-breezy-love-ballad-fans-react-watch-8991124.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831172633/https://www.news18.com/movies/devara-song-chuttamalle-jr-ntr-romances-janhvi-kapoor-in-breezy-love-ballad-fans-react-watch-8991124.html |archive-date=2024-08-31 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

The third single titled "Daavudi" was released on 4 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 September 2024 |title=Devara song Daavudi: Janhvi Kapoor-Jr NTR match steps in this fast-paced number designed for social media reels. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devara-song-daavudi-janhvi-kapoor-jr-ntr-song-designed-for-social-media-reels-watch-video-9550448/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905200531/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devara-song-daavudi-janhvi-kapoor-jr-ntr-song-designed-for-social-media-reels-watch-video-9550448/ |archive-date=5 September 2024 |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> A fast-paced duet, [[Nakash Aziz]] provided vocals for the male counterpart in all versions, while [[Akasa Singh]] did the same for the female counterpart in Telugu, Hindi and Kannada, and [[Ramya Behara]] for Tamil and Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdury |first=Madhumanti Pait |date=2024-09-04 |title=Devara Song Daavudi: Janhvi Kapoor And Jr NTR Have A Blast |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/devara-song-daavudi-janhvi-kapoor-and-jr-ntr-have-a-blast-6490286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907220149/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/devara-song-daavudi-janhvi-kapoor-and-jr-ntr-have-a-blast-6490286 |archive-date=2024-09-07 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammad |first=Avad |date=2024-09-04 |title=Daavudi from Devara Part 1: Jr NTR and Janhvi Kapoor's stylish moves are to do die for in this peppy dance number |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/daavudi-from-devara-part-1-jr-ntr-and-janhvi-kapoors-amazing-dancing-lift-this-peppy-dance-number/1813b1ddfd303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909203752/https://www.ottplay.com/news/daavudi-from-devara-part-1-jr-ntr-and-janhvi-kapoors-amazing-dancing-lift-this-peppy-dance-number/1813b1ddfd303 |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> The song was not included in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-27 |title=Jr NTR-Janhvi's sizzling 'Daavudi' song cut from Devara? Many fans furious |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/jr-ntr-janhvis-sizzling-daavudi-song-cut-from-devara-many-fans-furious/articleshow/113726210.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927140817/https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/jr-ntr-janhvis-sizzling-daavudi-song-cut-from-devara-many-fans-furious/articleshow/113726210.cms |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-01 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> On 18 September 2024, the makers announced that the song "Ayudha Pooja" which set in the backdrop of the [[Ayudha Puja]] celebrations and was highly anticipated among fans,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-26 |title=THIS musical piece promises to steal the show in the Jr. NTR starrer 'Devara' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ayudha-pooja-song-in-jr-ntr-starrer-devara-promises-to-steal-the-show/articleshow/108015640.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301000943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ayudha-pooja-song-in-jr-ntr-starrer-devara-promises-to-steal-the-show/articleshow/108015640.cms |archive-date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-08-12 |title='Ayudha Puja' song promises to be a highlight from 'Devara' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ayudha-puja-song-promises-to-be-a-highlight-from-devara-898812 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813013538/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ayudha-puja-song-promises-to-be-a-highlight-from-devara-898812 |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> would be released as the concurrent single from the album, the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=New single from Devara titled 'Ayudha Pooja' to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/18/new-single-from-devara-titled-ayudha-pooja-to-be-out-on-this-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919172058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hunter-vantaar-promo-from-rajinikanths-vettaiyan-reignites-superstar-controversy/articleshow/113480311.cms |archive-date=2024-09-19 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> However, the makers announced on the same evening, that the release of the song was indefinitely delayed. Later, it was released as a part of the soundtrack album on 26 September 2024. <ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 September 2024 |title=Ayudha Pooja: సైలెంటుగా యూట్యూబ్ లోకి 'ఆయుధ పూజ' |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/ayudha-pooja-song-released-with-devara-juke-box-683487.html |work=NTV Telugu |date=26 September 2024 |language=Telugu}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]].
| title1 = Fear Song
| length1 = 3:15
| extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| title2 = [[Chuttamalle]]
| length2 = 3:42
| extra2 = [[Shilpa Rao]]
| title3 = Daavudi
| extra3 = [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Akasa Singh]]
| length3 = 3:49
| title4 = Ayudha Pooja
| extra4 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| length4 = 2:54
| total_length = 13:40
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Fear Song
| lyrics1 = Vishnu Edavan
| extra1 = Anirudh Ravichander
| length1 = 3:15
| title2 = [[Chuttamalle|Paththavaikkum]]
| lyrics2 = [[Vignesh Shivan]]
| extra2 = [[Deepthi Suresh]]
| length2 = 3:42
| title3 = Daavudi
| lyrics3 = Vignesh Shivan
| extra3 = [[B Praak]], [[Ramya Behara]]
| length3 = 3:49
| title4 = Ayudha Pooja
| lyrics4 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| extra4 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| length4 = 2:54
| total_length = 13:40
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Malayalam
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]].
| title1 = Fear Song
| extra1 = [[Santhosh Venky]]
| length1 = 3:15
| title2 = Kanninathan Kamanottam
| extra2 = Shilpa Rao
| length2 = 3:42
| title3 = Daavudi
| extra3 = [[Ankit Tiwari]], Ramya Behara
| length3 = 3:49
| title4 = Ayudha Pooja
| extra4 = Kaala Bhairava
| length4 = 2:54
| total_length = 13:40
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Kannada
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Varadaraj Chikkaballapura.
| title1 = Fear Song
| extra1 = Santhosh Venky
| length1 = 3:15
| title2 = [[Chuttamalle|Swaathimutthe Sikkangaithe]]
| extra2 = Shilpa Rao
| length2 = 3:42
| title3 = Daavudi
| extra3 = [[Anup Jalota]], Akasa Singh
| length3 = 3:49
| title4 = Ayudha Pooja
| extra4 = Santhosh Venky
| length4 = 2:54
| total_length = 13:40
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Hindi
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Fear Song
| lyrics1 = [[Manoj Muntashir]]
| extra1 = Anirudh Ravichander
| length1 = 3:15
| title2 = [[Chuttamalle|Dheere Dheere]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kausar Munir]]
| extra2 = Shilpa Rao
| length2 = 3:42
| title3 = Daavudi
| lyrics3 = Kausar Munir
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]], Akasa Singh
| length3 = 3:49
| title4 = Ayudha Pooja
| lyrics4 = Manoj Muntashir
| extra4 = Kaala Bhairava
| length4 = 2:54
| total_length = 13:40
}}

== Non-album singles ==
The song "All Hail the Tiger" which featured in the 90-second glimpse video was released much earlier on 9 January 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=All Hail the Tiger (From "Devara Part 1") – Single by Anirudh Ravichander, Natalie Di Luccio & Heisenberg |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/all-hail-the-tiger-from-devara-part-1-single/1724926123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204173813/https://music.apple.com/us/album/all-hail-the-tiger-from-devara-part-1-single/1724926123 |archive-date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> It was performed by Anirudh and Natalie De Luccio, with lyrics written by Heisenberg.<ref name=":0" /> The separate musical piece which soundtracked the film's trailer was released under the title "Red Sea" on 12 September 2024, two days after the trailer's release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=New song from Jr NTR's Devara is out: Anirudh Ravichander and Heisenberg bring Red Sea to life |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/new-song-from-jr-ntrs-devara-is-out-anirudh-ravichander-and-heisenberg-bring-red-sea-to-life-9564361/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915130711/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/new-song-from-jr-ntrs-devara-is-out-anirudh-ravichander-and-heisenberg-bring-red-sea-to-life-9564361/ |archive-date=2024-09-15 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-12 |title=Devara: Part 1: Anirudh Ravichander shares vibrant track 'Red Sea' from the Jr NTR and Janhvi Kapoor starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/devara-part-1-anirudh-ravichander-shares-vibrant-track-red-sea-from-the-jr-ntr-and-janhvi-kapoor-starrer/articleshow/113298441.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916093757/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/devara-part-1-anirudh-ravichander-shares-vibrant-track-red-sea-from-the-jr-ntr-and-janhvi-kapoor-starrer/articleshow/113298441.cms |archive-date=2024-09-16 |access-date=2024-09-13 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = All Hail the Tiger
| length1 = 1:26
| lyrics1 = Heisenberg
| extra1 = Anirudh Ravichander, [[Natalie Di Luccio]]
| title2 = Red Sea
| length2 = 2:42
| lyrics2 = Heisenberg
| extra2 = Anirudh Ravichander
| title3 = Devara Thandavam
| note3 = Instrumental
| length3 = 2:18
| lyrics3 = –
| extra3 = –
}}

== Background score ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Devara: Part 1
| type = [[Film score]]
| artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 11 April 2025<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 April 2025 |title=Devara: Part 1 (OST) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7afw53gMiXViBQI0Pcv5KZ?si |publisher=Spotify}}</ref>
| recorded = 2023–2024
| studio =
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = {{Duration|m=21
|s=37}}
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| title1 = Cop Hunt
| length1 = 0:58
| title2 = Bhaira Theme
| length2 = 1:31
| title3 = Legend of Devara
| length3 = 1:10
| title4 = Devara Arrives
| length4 = 1:13
| title5 = The Robbery – I
| length5 = 0:42
| title6 = Family Matters
| length6 = 0:51
| title7 = Ayudha Pooja Theme
| length7 = 1:16
| title8 = Devara Enters The Ring
| length8 = 1:19
| title9 = The Robbery – II
| length9 = 1:25
| title10 = Fear Theme
| length10 = 2:03
| title11 = Thandavam Feels
| length11 = 1:27
| title12 = Interval Fight
| length12 = 1:53
| title13 = Vara Arrives
| length13 = 0:55
| title14 = Thangam Theme
| length14 = 1:20
| title15 = Man of Masses
| length15 = 0:43
| title16 = Red Sea
| length16 = 2:43
| total_length = 21:37
}}

== Reception ==
Christy Rosy Sibi of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' wrote, "[Anirudh] does everything in his power to bring the plot alive. He ever so gracefully magnetised the scenes to his music, enticing emotions that the audience would not have felt otherwise."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sibi |first=Christy Rosy |date=2024-09-27 |title='Devara: Part 1' review: Anirudh's music is the only saving grace in this Jr NTR-starrer |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2024/09/27/devara-part-1-review-anirudhs-music-is-the-only-saving-grace-in-this-jr-ntr-starrer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927133321/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2024/09/27/devara-part-1-review-anirudhs-music-is-the-only-saving-grace-in-this-jr-ntr-starrer.html |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'', with praise for the film's technical departments, added, "The one who has had the most fun, though, is Anirudh Ravichander. Sometimes with rock-inspired score and sometimes using the traditional ''dol'' and ''dappu'', his music infuses energy into the proceedings."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-09-27 |title='Devara: Part 1' movie review: Jr NTR and Anirudh amp up the intensity in an overstretched action drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devara-part-1-movie-review-jr-ntr-and-anirudh-amp-up-the-intensity-in-an-overstretched-action-drama/article68685830.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930173528/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devara-part-1-movie-review-jr-ntr-and-anirudh-amp-up-the-intensity-in-an-overstretched-action-drama/article68685830.ece |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2024-10-01 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' added that Anirudh's "bombastic music score" amped up the emotions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=2024-09-27 |title=Devara Part 1 review: Jr NTR's film is visually spectacular but predictable |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/devara-part-1-review-jr-ntrs-film-is-visually-spectacular-but-predictable-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927144333/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/devara-part-1-review-jr-ntrs-film-is-visually-spectacular-but-predictable-2 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

Rajasekar S of [[Puthiya Thalaimurai|''The Federal'']] wrote, "Anirudh is another big asset of the film, his background score and songs amplify many adequate moments."<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Rajasekar |date=2024-09-27 |title=Devara Part-1 review:Junior NTR, Anirudh's music lift an otherwise passable film |url=https://thefederal.com/film-reviews/devara-part-1-review-passable-first-half-junior-ntr-is-lifeline-of-this-action-drama-147053 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927084449/https://thefederal.com/film-reviews/devara-part-1-review-passable-first-half-junior-ntr-is-lifeline-of-this-action-drama-147053 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai|The Federal]] |language=en}}</ref> Janani K. of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "Composer Anirudh Ravichander's background music elevates certain theatrical moments, but the songs act as speedbreakers in the film."<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2024-09-27 |title=Devara Part 1 review: Jr NTR, Saif Ali Khan shoulder predictable action drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/devara-part-1-review-jr-ntr-saif-ali-khan-shoulder-koratala-siva-predictable-action-drama-2607353-2024-09-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929140540/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/devara-part-1-review-jr-ntr-saif-ali-khan-shoulder-koratala-siva-predictable-action-drama-2607353-2024-09-27 |archive-date=2024-09-29 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'' wrote, "Anirudh Ravichander's BGM rises and falls in keeping with the needs of the action, which, in effect, means that it is almost always flirting with distracting crescendos. The songs, too, come and go without creating much impact."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=2024-09-27 |title=Devara Review: Jr NTR's Film Does Occasionally Manage To Anchor Itself To Terra Firma |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/devara-review-jr-ntrs-film-does-occasionally-manage-to-anchor-itself-to-terra-firma-2-5-stars-6662514 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930232312/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/devara-review-jr-ntrs-film-does-occasionally-manage-to-anchor-itself-to-terra-firma-2-5-stars-6662514 |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
The song "Chuttamalle" was alleged to be copied from the viral Sri Lankan song "[[Manike Mage Hithe]]" performed by [[Yohani]] and Satheesan, after users compared both the songs having similarities in terms of instrumental arrangements and compositions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-06 |title=Internet draws comparisons between 'Chuttamalle' from 'Devara' and Yohani's hit 'Manike Mage Hithe' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/internet-draws-comparisons-between-chuttamalle-from-devara-and-yohanis-hit-manike-mage-hithe/articleshow/112305231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807015825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/internet-draws-comparisons-between-chuttamalle-from-devara-and-yohanis-hit-manike-mage-hithe/articleshow/112305231.cms |archive-date=2024-08-07 |access-date=2024-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Anirudh Ravichander criticised for 'Chuttamalle' resemblance to 'Manike Mage Hithe' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/10/anirudh-ravichander-chuttamalle-copy-manike-mage-hithe-songs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915005217/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/10/anirudh-ravichander-chuttamalle-copy-manike-mage-hithe-songs.html |archive-date=2024-09-15 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> However, the original composer Chamath Sangeeth responded to it, as he elated on his song had inspired Anirudh to create something similar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2024-08-07 |title='Manike Mage..' composer on Anirudh's 'Chuttamalle': Happy my song inspired him |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/manike-mage-hithe-composer-chamath-sangeeth-on-anirudh-ravichander-devara-song-chuttamalle-2578199-2024-08-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815144304/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/manike-mage-hithe-composer-chamath-sangeeth-on-anirudh-ravichander-devara-song-chuttamalle-2578199-2024-08-07 |archive-date=2024-08-15 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Album credits ==
Credits adapted from liner notes:<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4gdF0YgJag |title=Devara Part -1 (Audio Jukebox) {{!}} NTR {{!}} Saif Ali Khan {{!}} Janhvi Kapoor {{!}} Koratala Siva {{!}} Anirudh |date=2024-09-26 |last= |type=Jukebox |publisher=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] |access-date=2024-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930170822/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4gdF0YgJag |archive-date=2024-09-30 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref>
{{div col}}
* [[Anirudh Ravichander]] – singer (track: 1), composer (all tracks), producer (all tracks), musical arrangements (all tracks), keyboard programming (all tracks), synth programming (all tracks), rhythm programming (all tracks)
* Saketh Komanduri – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Arun Kaundinya – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Ritesh G Rao – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Saicharan Bhaskaruni – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* J. V. Sudhanshu – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Anirudh Suswaram – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Arjun Vijay – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Akhil Chandra – backing vocalist (tracks: 1, 4)
* Chaitu Satsangi – backing vocalist (track: 1)
* Sumanas Kasula – backing vocalist (track: 1)
* Bharadwaj Krishna – backing vocalist (track: 4)
* [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]] – vocal supervision (tracks: 1, 3, 4)
* [[Keba Jeremiah]] – electric guitar (tracks: 1, 2, 4), acoustic guitar (track: 2), charango (track: 2)
* Amalraj – Arabic violin (track: 4), violas (track: 4), cumbus (track: 4), cocolin (track: 4), Chinese bow (track: 4), Turkish violin (track: 4), ruan (track: 4), liuqin (track: 4)
* Tapas Roy – strings (track: 4), dobro guitar (track: 4), bouzuki (track: 4), shamisen (track: 4)
* Omkar Dhumal – oud (track: 4), saz (track: 4)
* Subhani – strings (track: 4), mandolin (track: 4), charango (track: 4), ghuzheng (track: 4)
* Nikhiram TP – woodwinds (track: 4)
* Lalit Talluri – woodwinds (track: 4)
* Ananthakrrishnan – music advisor (all tracks), violin (track: 2)
* Arish – keyboard programming (tracks: 1, 2, 3)
* [[Sai Abhyankkar]] – keyboard programming (track: 1)
* Ashwin Krishna – keyboard programming (track: 1)
* Beven – keyboard programming (track: 2)
* Narendar S – keyboard programming (track: 2)
* Shashank Vijay – rhythm programming (tracks: 1, 2, 3), rhythm production (track: 2)
* Karthik Vamsi – rhythm programming (tracks: 2, 3)
* Krishna Kishore – rhythm programming (tracks: 2, 3)
* Srinivasan M. – recording engineer (Albuquerque Records, Chennai) [all tracks], mixing engineer (all tracks)
* Shivakaran S. – recording engineer (Albuquerque Records, Chennai) [all tracks]
* Srinath Komanduri – recording engineer (Sruthi Audio Labs, Hyderabad) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Pradeep Menon – recording engineer (AM Studios, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Krishnan Subramanian – recording engineer (AM Studios, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Manoj Raman – recording engineer (AM Studios, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Ainul Haq – recording engineer (AM Studios, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Aravind Crescendo – recording engineer (AM Studios, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Hari S. R. – recording engineer ([[YRF Studios]], Mumbai) [tracks: 2, 3]
* Abhishek Khandelwal – recording engineer (YRF Studios, Mumbai) [tracks: 2, 3]
* Santanu Ghatak – recording engineer (YRF Studios, Mumbai) [tracks: 2, 3]
* Chinmay Mestry – recording engineer (YRF Studios, Mumbai) [tracks: 2, 3]
* Asa Singh – recording engineer (Wibe Studios, Mumbai) [track: 3]
* Kashyap Rammohan – recording engineer (2 BarQ Studios, Chennai) [track: 4]
* Rohan Harish – recording engineer (2 BarQ Studios, Chennai) [track: 4]
* Aswin George John – recording engineer (Sounds Right Studio, Chennai) [track: 4]
* Senthil Prasad – recording engineer (Vanajkesav Digi Audio Waves, Chennai) [tracks: 1, 4]
* Vinay Sridhar – mixing engineer (Albuquerque Records, Chennai) [all tracks]
* Luca Pretolesi – mastering engineer (Studio DMI, Las Vegas) [all tracks]
* Alistair Pintus – mastering assistance
* Sajith Sathya – creative consultant
* Velavan B. – music co-ordinator
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Anirudh Ravichander}}
{{Authority control}}

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Pilaf

2026-03-27T07:23:56Z

MohammedMathieu: refine details for accuracy and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|Rice dish}}
{{about|a dish|the country|Palau|the ''Dragon Ball'' character|Emperor Pilaf}}
{{distinguish|Fried rice}}
{{use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=August 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Pilaf
| image = Afghan Palo.jpg
| image_size = 280px
| caption = [[Kabuli palaw]], a variety of pilaf made in Afghanistan.
| alternate_name = Polao, pulao, plao, pela, pilav, pilov, pallao, pilau, [[pelau]], palau, polau, pulaav, palaw, palavu, plovas, palov, polov, polo, polu, kurysh, fulao, fulaaw, osh, aş, paloo, piles, kürüch
| place_of_origin =
| region = Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia, South Caucasus, Maritime Southeast Asia, East Africa, Balkans
| associated_cuisine =
| creator =
| course = [[Main course|Main]]
| served = Hot
| main_ingredient = [[Rice]], [[stock (cooking)|stock]] or [[broth]], [[spice]]s, [[meat]], [[vegetable]]s, [[dried fruit]]s
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}

'''Pilaf''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|p|iː|l|ɑː|f|}}), '''pilav''', '''pilau''' or '''plov''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|p|iː|l|aʊ|,_|p|iː|ˈ|l|aʊ}}) is a [[rice]] dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in [[stock (cooking)|stock]] or [[broth]], adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables and meat,<ref>{{cite OED|pilaf (n)|7487135986}}</ref><ref name="pilauOED">{{cite OED | pilau (n)|1467848783}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|refn=Oxford English Dictionary Online Edition (subscription required): pilaf (n) = pilau n.1; pilau n.1 = "A dish, partly of Middle Eastern, partly and ultimately of South Asian origin, consisting of rice (or, in certain areas, wheat) cooked in stock with spices, usually mixed with meat and various other ingredients.<ref name="pilauOED"/>}}{{Sfn|Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary|2019}}{{refn|group=note|Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (subscription required): "rice usually combined with meat and vegetables, fried in oil, steamed in stock, and seasoned with any of numerous herbs (as saffron or cumin)."{{Sfn|Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary|2019}}}} and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.{{Sfn|Perry|2014|p=624}}{{refn|group=note|Perry: "A Middle-Eastern method of cooking rice so that every grain remains separate. ...However, there is no evidence that rice was cooked by this technique in India before the Muslim invasions, and Indians themselves associate pilaf-making with Muslim cities such as Hyderabad, Lucknow, and Delhi. .... The first descriptions of the pilaf technique appear in the 13th-century Arabic books Kitab al-Tabikh and Kitab al-Witsla ila al Habib, written in Baghdad and Syria, respectively. They show the technique in its entirety, including the cloth beneath the lid, and describe still-current flavourings such as meat, pulses, and fruit.{{Sfn|Perry|2014|p=624}}}}{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1144}}{{refn|group=note|Roger: "As noted, Iranians have a unique method of preparing rice. This method is designed to leave the grains separate and tasty, making the rice fluffy and very flavorful. After soaking, parboiling, and draining, the rice is poured into a dish smeared with melted butter. The lid is then sealed tightly with a cloth and a paste of flour and water. The last stage is to steam it on low heat for about half an hour, after which the rice is removed and fluffed."{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1144}}}}

At the time of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory from [[South Asia]] to [[Spain]], and eventually to a wider world. The Spanish ''[[paella]]'',{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1143}}{{refn|group=note|Roger: " (p. 1143) Under the Abbassids, for example (ninth to twelfth century), during the Golden Age of Islam, there was one single empire from Afghanistan to Spain and the North of Arabia. The size of the empire allowed many foods to spread throughout the Middle East. From India, rice went to Syria, Iraq, and Iran, and eventually, it became known and cultivated all the way to Spain. .... Many dishes of that period are still prepared today with ingredients available to the common people. Some of these are vinegar preserves, roasted meat, and cooked livers, which could be bought in the streets, eaten in the shops, or taken home. Such dishes considerably influenced medieval European and Indian cookery;''pilaf'' and meat patties that started out as ''samosa'' or ''sambusak''."{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1143}}}} and the South Asian ''pilau'' or ''pulao'',{{Sfn|Nandy|2004|p=11}}{{refn|group=note|name=Nandy11|Nandy: "(p. 11) Not merely ingredients came to the subcontinent, but also recipes. ... All around India one finds preparations that came originally from outside South Asia. ''Kebabs'' came from West and Central Asia and underwent radical metamorphosis in the hot and dusty plains of India. So did ''biryani'' and ''pulao'', two rice preparations, usually with meat. Without them, ceremonial dining in many parts of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is incomplete. Even the term ''pulao'' or ''pilav'' seems to have come from Arabic and Persian. It is true that in Sanskrit — in the Yajnavalkya Smriti — and in old Tamil, the term ''pulao'' occurs (Achaya, 1998b: 11), but it is also true that ''biryani'' and ''pulao'' today carry mainly the stamp of the Mughal times and its Persianized high culture."{{Sfn|Nandy|2004|p=11}}}} and ''[[biryani]]'',{{Sfn|Sengupta|2014|p=74}}{{refn|group=note |name=Sengupta74|Sengupta: "(p. 74) Muslim influence on the style and substance of Indian food was profound. K.T. Achaya writes that the Muslims imported a new refinement and a courtly etiquette of both group and individual dining into the austere dining ambience of Hindu society. ... Babur's son, Humayun, came back to India after spending a long period of exile in Kabul and the Safavid imperial court in Iran. He brought with him an entourage of Persian cooks who introduced the rich and elaborate rice cookery of the Safavid courts to India, combining Indian spices and Persian arts into a rich fusion that became the iconic dish of Islamic South Asian cuisine, the ''biryani''."{{Sfn|Sengupta|2014|p=74}}}} evolved from such dishes.

Pilaf and similar dishes are common to [[Middle Eastern cuisine|Middle Eastern]], [[West Asia]]n, [[Balkan cuisine|Balkan]], [[Caribbean cuisine|Caribbean]], [[Caucasian cuisine|South Caucasian]], [[Central Asian cuisine|Central Asian]], [[East African cuisine|East African]], [[Eastern European cuisine|Eastern European]], [[Latin American cuisine|Latin American]], [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], and [[South Asian cuisine|South Asian]] cuisines; in these areas, they are regarded as [[Staple food|staple dishes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Башҡортса пылау (Плов по-башкирски) » Башкирская Кухня |url=https://www.bashkirskayakuhnya.com/vtoroe/%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%b1%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%80%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%80%d1%82%d1%81%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%8b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%83-2/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |language=ru-RU |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029010213/https://www.bashkirskayakuhnya.com/vtoroe/%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Marks">Gil Marks. ''Encyclopedia of Jewish Food''. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. {{ISBN|9780544186316}}</ref><ref name="Cavendish">Marshall Cavendish. ''World and Its Peoples''. Marshall Cavendish, 2006, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C&pg=PA662 662]. {{ISBN|9780761475712}}</ref><ref name="StreetFood">Bruce Kraig, Colleen Taylor Sen. ''Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture''. ABC-CLIO, 2013, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA384 384]. {{ISBN|9781598849554}}.</ref><ref>Russell Zanca. ''Life in a Muslim Uzbek Village: Cotton Farming After Communism CSCA''. Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 92 [https://books.google.com/books?id=etV63sfgYFYC&pg=PA92 92–96]. {{ISBN|9780495092810}}.</ref>

==Etymology==
According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' Online Edition's summary, the [[English language|English]] word ''pilaf'', which the OED, refers to the version with spelling "pilau," is a borrowing partly from [[Persian language|Persian]], partly from [[Hindi]], and partly also from [[French language|French]] and [[Italian language|Italian]]. In more detail, the English pilau, of first use 1609 CE, has come from Persian pulaw (16th cent. as palāv), in turn from [[Hindi]] pulāv dish of rice and meat, from [[Sanskrit]] pulāka ball of rice, probably from [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] (cf [[Tamil language|Tamil]] puḷukku (adjective) simmered, (noun) boiled or parboiled food, puḷukkal cooked rice); probably partly via [[French language|French]] pilau (1654; 1680 as pilaw; 1833 as pilaf), [[Italian language|Italian]] pilao (1542).<ref>{{cite OED|pilau (n)|1467848783}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Arroz enjoyado - Morasa Poló.JPG|thumb|left|Persian Pollo]]
Although the cultivation of rice had spread much earlier from [[India]] to [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[West Asia]], it was at the time of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] that methods of cooking rice which approximate modern styles of cooking pilaf at first spread through a vast territory from [[Spain]] to [[Afghanistan]], and eventually to a wider world. The Spanish ''[[paella]]'',{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1143}}{{refn|group=note|Roger: " (p. 1143) Under the Abbassids, for example (ninth to twelfth century), during the Golden Age of Islam, there was one single empire from Afghanistan to Spain and the North of Arabia. The size of the empire allowed many foods to spread throughout the Middle East. From India, rice went to Syria, Iraq, and Iran, and eventually, it became known and cultivated all the way to Spain. .... Many dishes of that period are still prepared today with ingredients available to the common people. Some of these are vinegar preserves, roasted meat, and cooked livers, which could be bought in the streets, eaten in the shops, or taken home. Such dishes considerably influenced medieval European and Indian cookery; for example, ''paella'', which evolved from ''pulao'', and ''pilaf'' and meat patties that started out as ''samosa'' or ''sambusak''."{{Sfn|Roger|2000|p=1143}}}} and the [[South Asia]]n ''pilau'' or ''pulao'',{{Sfn|Nandy|2004|p=11}}{{refn|group=note|Nandy: "(p. 11) All around India one finds preparations that came originally from outside South Asia. ''Kebabs'' came from West and Central Asia and underwent radical metamorphosis in the hot and dusty plains of India. So did ''biryani'' and ''pulao'', two rice preparations, usually with meat. Without them, ceremonial dining in many parts of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is incomplete."{{Sfn|Nandy|2004|p=11}}}} and ''[[biryani]]'',{{Sfn|Sengupta|2014|p=74}}{{refn|group=note|Sengupta: "(p. 74) Muslim influence on the style and substance of Indian food was profound. K.T. Achaya writes that the Muslims imported a new refinement and a courtly etiquette of both group and individual dining into the austere dining ambience of Hindu society. ... Babur's son, Humayun, came back to India after spending a long period of exile in Kabul and the Safavid imperial court in Iran. He brought with him an entourage of Persian cooks who introduced the rich and elaborate rice cookery of the Safavid courts to India, combining Indian spices and Persian arts into a rich fusion that became the iconic dish of Islamic South Asian cuisine, the ''biryani''."{{Sfn|Sengupta|2014|p=74}}}} evolved from such dishes.

According to author [[K. T. Achaya]], the Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' mentions an instance of rice and meat cooked together. Also, according to Achaya, "pulao" or "pallao" is used to refer to a rice dish in ancient Sanskrit works such as the ''[[Yājñavalkya Smṛti]]''.<ref name="KTAchaya1994">{{cite book |author=[[K. T. Achaya]] |title=Indian food: a historical companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFcH2ZHWLcC |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=11|isbn=978-0-19-562845-6 }}</ref> However, according to food writers [[Colleen Taylor Sen]] and [[Charles Perry (food writer)|Charles Perry]], and social theorist [[Ashis Nandy]], these references do not substantially correlate to the commonly used meaning and history implied in pilafs, which appear in Indian accounts after the medieval Central Asian conquests.<ref>{{citation|last=Sen|first=Colleen Taylor|title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|year=2014|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-391-8|pages=164–5}} Quote: "(pp. 164–165) "Descriptions of the basic technique appear in thirteenth-century Arab cookbooks, although the name pulao is not used. The word itself is medieval Farsi, and the dish may have been created in the early sixteenth century at the Safavid court in Persia. ... Although dishes combining rice, meat and spices were prepared in ancient times, the technique of first sautéing the rice in ghee and then cooking it slowly to keep the grains separate probably came later with the Mughals."</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Perry|first=Charles|title=Annual Cookbook Issue: Book Review: An Armchair Guide to the Indian Table: Indian Food: A Historical Companion By K. T. Achaya (Oxford University Press: 1994; $35; 290 pp.)|journal=Los Angeles Times|date=December 15, 1994|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-15-fo-9100-story.html}} Quote: "The other flaw is more serious. Achaya has clearly read a lot about Indian food, but it was in what historians call secondary sources. In other words, he's mostly reporting what other people have concluded from the primary evidence. Rarely, if ever, does he go to the original data to verify their conclusions. This is a dangerous practice, particularly in India, because certain Indian scholars like to claim that everything in the world originated in India a long time ago. ... Achaya even invents one or two myths of his own. He says there is evidence that south Indians were making pilaf 2,000 years ago, but if you look up the book he footnotes, you find that the Old Tamil word pulavu had nothing to do with pilaf. It meant raw meat or fish."</ref><ref>{{citation|last1=Nandy|first1=Ashis|authorlink=Ashis Nandy|title=The Changing Popular Culture of Indian Food: Preliminary Notes|journal=South Asia Research|volume=24|issue=1|year=2004|pages=9–19|issn=0262-7280|doi=10.1177/0262728004042760|citeseerx=10.1.1.830.7136|s2cid=143223986 |ref=none}} Quote: " (p. 11) Not merely ingredients came to the subcontinent, but also recipes. ... All around India one finds preparations that came originally from outside South Asia. ''Kebabs'' came from West and Central Asia and underwent radical metamorphosis in the hot and dusty plains of India. So did ''biryani'' and ''pulao'', two rice preparations, usually with meat. Without them, ceremonial dining in many parts of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is incomplete. Even the term ''pulao'' or ''pilav'' seems to have come from Arabic and Persian. It is true that in Sanskrit — in the Yajnavalkya Smriti — and in old Tamil, the term ''pulao'' occurs (Achaya, 1998b: 11), but it is also true that ''biryani'' and ''pulao'' today carry mainly the stamp of the Mughal times and its Persianized high culture.</ref>

Similarly [[Alexander the Great]] and his army, many centuries earlier, in the 4th century BCE, have been reported to have been so impressed with the Eastern Iranian [[Bactria]]n and [[Sogdia]]n ''pilavs'' that his soldiers brought the recipes back to [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]] when they returned.<ref name=nabhan>{{cite book |last=Nabhan |first=Gary Paul |title=Cumin, Camels, and Caravans: A Spice Odyssey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-glDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 |page=135 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |date=2014 |isbn=978-0520267206}}</ref> Similar stories exist of Alexander bringing pilaf to the ancient Persian [[Samarkand]]; however, they are considered apocryphal by art historian [[John Boardman (art historian)|John Boardman]].{{Sfn|Boardman|2019|p=102}} Similarly, it has been reported that pilaf was consumed in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and in the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Παναγιωτάκης |first=Νικόλαος |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4dXAAAAMAAJ |title=Ἄνθη χαρίτων: μελετήματα ἑόρτια συγγραφέντα ὑπὸ τῶν ὑποτρόφων τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ἰνστιτούτου βυζαντινῶν καὶ μεταβυζαντινῶν σπουδῶν τῆς Βενετίας... |date=1998 |publisher=[[Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Studies in Venice]] |isbn=978-960-7743-01-5 |pages=72 |language=el |access-date=2023-04-12 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827182811/https://books.google.com/books?id=D4dXAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The earliest documented recipe for pilaf comes from the tenth-century [[Persian people|Persian]] scholar [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sīnā), who in his books on medical sciences dedicated a whole section to preparing various dishes, including several types of pilaf. In doing so, he described the advantages and disadvantages of every item used for preparing the dish. Accordingly, Persians consider Avicenna to be the "father" of modern pilaf.<ref name=nabhan />

Thirteenth-century texts describe the consistency of pilaf that the grains should be plump and somewhat firm to resemble peppercorns with no mushiness, and each grain should be separate with no clumping.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|title=How to cook perfect pilaf|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/sep/27/how-to-cook-perfect-pilaf|work=The Guardian|date=2012-09-26|access-date=2019-02-13 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307094944/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/sep/27/how-to-cook-perfect-pilaf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Another primary source for pilaf dishes comes from the 17th-century Iranian philosopher [[Molla Sadra]].<ref name=algar>{{cite book|last=Algat |first=Ayla |title=Classical Turkish Cooking: Traditional Turkish Food for the America |publisher=HarperCollins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gn49svh2_KUC&pg=PT13|isbn=9780062039118 |date=2013-07-30 }}</ref>

Persian Pilau became the standard fare in West Asia and [[Transcaucasia]] over the years.

During the period of the [[Soviet Union]], the Central Asian versions of the dish spread throughout all Soviet republics, becoming a part of the common [[Soviet cuisine]].

==Preparation==
Some cooks prefer to use [[basmati]] rice because it is easier to prepare a pilaf where the grains stay "light, fluffy and separate" with this type of rice. However, other types of long-grain rice are also used. The rice is rinsed thoroughly before use to remove the surface starch. Pilaf can be cooked in water or stock. Common additions include fried onions and fragrant spices like [[cardamom]], [[bay leaves]] and [[cinnamon]].<ref name=guardian />

Pilaf is usually made with meat or vegetables, but it can also be made plain which is called ''sade pilav'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], ''chelo'' in [[Persian language|Persian]] and ''ruzz mufalfal'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].{{sfn|Davidson|2014|p=624}} Persian pilaf uses [[saffron]] which gives Persian rice its unique yellow color and taste. Pilaf is often made by adding the rice to hot fat and stirring briefly before adding the cooking liquid. The fat used varies from recipe to recipe. Cooking methods vary with respect to details such as pre-soaking the rice and steaming after boiling.<ref name=guardian />

==Local varieties==
There are thousands of variations of pilaf made with rice or other grains like [[bulgur]].<ref name=guardian />Some include different combinations of meats, fruits or vegetables, while others are simple and served plain.<ref name=guardian />

[[Central Asian cuisine|Central Asian]], [[South Asian cuisine|South Asian]], [[Iranian cuisine|Iranian]] and [[Caribbean cuisine]] are some with distinctive styles of making pilaf.<ref name="perry">{{cite web|last=Perry|first=Charles|title=Rice Pilaf: Ingredients, Texture Varies|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1994-04-28-9404250390-story.html|work=Sun Sentinel|date=1992-04-28|access-date=2019-02-13 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213124108/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1994-04-28-9404250390-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Afghanistan ===
[[File:Bukhari Meal - Pilaf.jpg|thumb|Bukhari (pilaf) meal in Saudi Arabia]]

In [[Afghan cuisine]], ''[[Kabuli palaw]]'' ({{langx|fa|کابلی پلو}}) is made by cooking [[basmati]] with mutton, lamb, beef or chicken, and oil. Kabuli palaw is cooked in large shallow and thick dishes. Fried sliced [[carrot]]s and [[raisin]]s are added. Chopped nuts like [[pistachio]]s, [[walnut]]s, or [[almond]]s may be added as well. The meat is covered by the rice or buried in the middle of the dish. Kabuli palaw rice with carrots and raisins is very popular in [[Saudi Arabia]], where it is known as ''roz Bukhari'' ({{langx|ar|رز بخاري}}), meaning '[[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukhara]]n rice'.

=== Albania ===

In [[Albanian cuisine]], pilaf is a very common dish.<ref name="RiceConsumptionInEurope">{{cite web|url=https://landgeist.com/2022/06/25/rice-consumption-in-europe/|title=Rice consumption in Europe|website=landgeist.com |date=25 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url=https://www.myalbanianfood.com/recipe/albanian-chicken-pilaf-pule-me-oriz/ |title=Albanian Chicken Pilaf (Pule me Oriz) |website=My Albanian Food |date=6 January 2017 |quote=In Albania you will find a lot of rice dishes and in almost every case served as a meal rather than a side. Albanian Baked Lamb and Rice with Yogurt (Tavë Kosi) is one of the most traditional and popular dishes or, fruits and spices are added to make the rice into a pudding known as Kabuni. |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref> It is typically accompanied by yogurt and eaten with bean stew, meat soup or baked meats such as chicken and lamb. Medium-long grain rice is used, and it is cooked plainly with butter, resulting in a soft yet non-sticky texture.

There are various rice dishes in Albania, which are all commonly referred to as pilaf.

Albania ranks among the top three countries in Europe for rice consumption.<ref name="RiceConsumptionInEurope" />

===Armenia===
[[File:Chou farci-Arménie.jpg|thumb|Armenian [[cabbage roll]] stuffed with chickpeas and bulgur pilaf]]
Armenians use a lot of ''[[bulgur]]'' ("cracked wheat") in their pilaf dishes.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-280681-9| last = Davidson| first = Alan| editor1-first = Tom| editor1-last = Jaine| title = The Oxford Companion to Food| access-date = 2018-07-16| date = 2006| url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192806819.001.0001/acref-9780192806819| doi = 10.1093/acref/9780192806819.001.0001| archive-date = 2018-06-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180603175749/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192806819.001.0001/acref-9780192806819| url-status = live}}</ref> Armenian recipes may combine [[vermicelli]] or [[orzo]] with rice cooked in stock seasoned with mint, parsley and allspice.<ref>{{cite news |title=Recipe for Armenian-style rice pilaf with vermicelli, peas, and herbs |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2014/01/14/recipe-for-armenian-style-rice-pilaf-with-vermicelli-peas-and-herbs/Wcm7hyz9ChB530Viay5LeO/story.html |newspaper=Boston Globe |date=2014-01-14 |access-date=2019-02-13 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174258/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2014/01/14/recipe-for-armenian-style-rice-pilaf-with-vermicelli-peas-and-herbs/Wcm7hyz9ChB530Viay5LeO/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> One traditional Armenian pilaf is made with the same noodle rice mixture cooked in stock with [[raisins]], [[almonds]] and allspice.<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian Rice Pilaf With Raisins and Almonds|url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1016976-armenian-rice-pilaf-with-raisins-and-almonds|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2019-02-13 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061747/https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1016976-armenian-rice-pilaf-with-raisins-and-almonds|url-status=live}}</ref>

Armenian kinds of rice are discussed by Rose Baboian in her cookbook from 1964 which includes recipes for different pilafs, most rooted in her birthplace of [[Antep]] in Turkey.<ref name=":0" /> Baboian recommends that the noodles be stir-fried first in chicken fat before being added to the pilaf. Another Armenian cookbook written by Vağinag Pürad recommends to render poultry fat in the oven with red pepper until the fat mixture turns a red color before using the strained fat to prepare pilaf.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Baboian |first=Rose |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zBhcGQAACAAJ |title=Rose Baboian's Armenian-American Cook Book |date=1964 |publisher= |language=en |access-date=2023-05-01 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827182811/https://books.google.com/books?id=zBhcGQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Lapa'' is an Armenian word with several meanings one of which is a "watery boiled rice, thick rice soup, mush" and ''lepe'' which refers to various rice dishes differing by region.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Otto Harrassowitz Verlag| isbn = 978-3-447-03640-5|author1-link=Robert Dankoff | last = Dankoff| first = Robert| title = Armenian Loanwords in Turkish| date = 1995 |page=53}}</ref> Antranig Azhderian describes Armenian pilaf as a "dish resembling porridge".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Mershon Company| last = Azhderian| first = Antranig| title = The Turk and the Land of Haig; Or, Turkey and Armenia: Descriptive, Historical, and Picturesque| date = 1898 |pages=171–172}}</ref>

=== Azerbaijan ===
Azerbaijani cuisine includes more than 40 different plov recipes.<ref name=kukhnya>[/ ''Азербайджанская кухня''] {{Cite web |url=http://azeri.ru/az/cuisine/azerbaydjanskaya_kuhnya |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-12-14 |archive-date=2009-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216024404/http://azeri.ru/az/cuisine/azerbaydjanskaya_kuhnya |url-status=bot: unknown }}, (''Azerbaijani Cuisine'', Ishyg Publ. House, Baku {{in lang|ru}})</ref> One of the most reputed dishes is plov from saffron-covered rice, served with various herbs and greens, a combination distinctive from Central Asian pilaf. Traditional Azerbaijani plov consists of three distinct components, served simultaneously but on separate platters: rice (warm, never hot), ''gara'' (fried beef or chicken pieces with onion, chestnut and dried fruits prepared as an accompaniment to rice), and herbs. Gara is put on the rice when eating plov, but it is never mixed with rice and the other components. Pilaf is often called aş in Azerbaijani cuisine.<ref name=mamedov>[http://restaurant.dsnews.ua/art18684.html Interview with Jabar Mamedov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221125707/http://restaurant.dsnews.ua/art18684.html |date=2008-12-21 }}, Head Chef at the "Shirvan Shah" Azerbaijani restaurant in Kyiv, 31 January 2005.</ref>
<gallery class="center" widths="180px" heights="145px" caption="Rice pilaf examples from Azerbaijan">
File:Aş və salat.JPG|[[Azerbaijani cuisine|Azerbaijani]] plov with ''qazmaq'' (the same as Persian ''[[tahdig]]''), served with [[choban salad]]
File:Shah-plow azerbaijani.JPG|[[Azerbaijani cuisine|Azerbaijani]] shah-pilaf
</gallery>

=== Bangladesh ===
{{see also|Bangladeshi cuisine}}
[[File:মোরগ পোলাও 2.jpg|thumb|right|Traditional [[Old Dhaka]] style chicken pilaf, locally known as ''Murog Polao'']]
[[File:Traditional Holiday Lunch of Bangladesh( Polao Korma ilish vaja,kabab).jpg |thumb|right| A classic Bangladeshi holiday lunch: plain pilaf served with fried [[Ilish|hilsa]], kebab, and rich chicken or beef korma.]]

In [[Bangladesh]], ''polao'' ({{lang|bn|পোলাও}}), is a popular ceremonial dish cooked only with aromatic rice. Bangladesh cultivates many varieties of aromatic rice, which can be found only in this country and some surrounding Indian states with predominantly Bengali populations. Historically, there were many varieties of aromatic rice. These included short-grain rice with buttery and other fragrances depending on the variety. Over a long span of time, many recipes were lost and then reinvented.

Since the 1970s in Bangladesh ''pulao'' has referred to aromatic rice ({{lang|bn|বাসন্তী পোলাও}}) ''Bashonti polao'', first fried either in oil or clarified butter with onions, fresh ginger and whole aromatic spices such as cardamom, cinnamon, black pepper, and more, depending on each household and region. This is then cooked in stock or water, first boiled and then steamed. It is finished off with a bit more clarified butter and fragrant essences such as rose water or kewra water. For presentation, beresta (fried onions) are sprinkled on top. Chicken ''pulao'', (''morog pulao'') is a traditional ceremonial dish among the Bangladeshi Muslim community. There are several different types of ''morog pulao'' found only in particular regions or communities.

In Sylhet and Chittagong, a popular ceremonial dish called ''[[akhni]] polao''. ''Aqni'' being the rich stock in which mutton is cooked and then used to cook the rice. Another very spicy ''Polao'' dish very popular and unique to Bangladesh is called ''Tehari''. It is very different in taste to the ''tahris'' found in some parts of neighboring India. They are most popularly eaten with beef and ''chevon'' (goat meat) but are also paired with chicken.<ref name="Long2015">{{cite book |last1=Long |first1=Lucy M. |title=Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia |year=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |access-date=2022-07-22 |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722200740/https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |url-status=live }}</ref> Young small potatoes, mustard oil (which is alternated with clarified butter or oil depending on individual taste), and a unique spice blend found in ''teharis'' distinguish them from other meat ''polaos''. The most famous ''tehari'' in the capital city of [[Dhaka]] is called ''[[Hajir biryani]]''. Although here the name ''biryani'' is a misnomer, in usage among the urban young population it differentiates the popular dish mutton ''biryanis'' (goat meat).

=== Brazil ===
A significantly modified version of the recipe, often seen as influenced by what is called {{lang|pt|arroz pilau}} there, is known in [[Brazilian cuisine|Brazil]] as {{lang|pt|arroz de frango desfiado}} or {{lang|pt|risoto de frango}} ({{IPA|pt|ɐˈʁoz dʒi ˈfɾɐ̃ɡu dʒisfiˈadu|lang}}, "shredded chicken rice"; {{IPA|pt|ʁiˈzotu|}}, "chicken [[risotto]]"). Rice lightly [[Sofrito|fried]] (and optionally seasoned), salted and cooked until soft (but neither soupy nor sticky) in either water or chicken stock is added to chicken stock, onions and sometimes cubed bell peppers (cooked in the stock), shredded chicken breast, green peas, tomato sauce, [[soy sauce|shoyu]], and optionally vegetables (e.g. canned sweet corn, cooked carrot cubes, courgette cubes, [[broccolini]] flowers, chopped broccoli or broccolini stalks or leaves fried in garlic seasoning) or herbs (e.g., mint, like in {{lang|pt|[[Canja de galinha|canja]]}}) to form a distantly [[risotto]]-like dish – but it is generally fluffy (depending on the texture of the rice being added), as generally, once all ingredients are mixed, it is not left to cook longer than five minutes. In the case shredded chicken breast is not added, with the rice being instead served alongside chicken and {{lang|fr|sauce suprême}}, it is known as {{lang|pt|arroz suprême de frango}} ({{IPA|pt|ɐˈʁos suˈpɾẽm(i) dʒi ˈfɾɐ̃ɡu|lang}}, "chicken [[supreme (cookery)|supreme]] rice").

=== Caribbean ===
{{see also|Caribbean cuisine}}
[[File:LiviesFamilyFunDay2018SaltfishAndCallaloo.jpg|thumb|Caribbean-style ''pelau'' with [[saltfish]] and [[callaloo]]]]

In the [[Eastern Caribbean]] and other Caribbean territories there are variations of ''[[pelau]]'' which include a wide range of ingredients such as [[pigeon pea]]s, [[Pea|green peas]], [[green bean]]s, corn, carrots, pumpkin, and meat such as beef or chicken, or cured pig tail. The seasoned meat is usually cooked in a stew, with the rice and other vegetables added afterwards. Coconut milk and spices are also key additions in some islands.

[[Trinidad]] is recognized for its ''pelau'', a layered rice with meats and vegetables. It is a mix of traditional [[African cuisine]] and "New World" ingredients like [[ketchup]]. The process of browning the meat (usually chicken, but also stew beef or lamb) in [[sugar]] is an African technique.<ref name=ganeshram>{{cite book|last=Ganeshram|first=Ramin|title=Sweet Hands: Island Cooking from Trinidad & Tobago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNA8RWWB3gwC|publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=9780781811255|date=2005-10-31}}</ref>

In [[Tobago]], ''pelau'' is commonly made with [[Crab meat|crab]].<ref name=ganeshram />

=== Central Asia ===
[[File:Plov Tashkent.jpg|thumb|right|Restaurant cooking in [[Tashkent]]]]
[[File:Samarkand Zigir-pilaf.jpg|thumb|right|[[Samarkand]] pilaf cooked with linseed oil]]
[[Central Asian cuisine|Central Asian]], e.g. [[Uzbek cuisine|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz cuisine|Kyrgyz]] and [[Tajik cuisine|Tajik]] ({{langx|uz|Osh, Palov}}, {{langx|ky|Аш, палоо}}, {{langx|tg|Палов|italic = palav}}) Kazakh, Turkmen, Karakalpak ({{langx|kk|Палау, Palaw}}) or ''osh'' differs from other preparations in that rice is not steamed, but instead [[simmer]]ed in a rich [[stew]] of meat and vegetables called ''zirvak'' ([[wikt:зирвак|зирвак]]), until all the liquid is absorbed into the rice. A limited degree of steaming is commonly achieved by covering the pot. It is usually cooked in a ''[[Kazon (cookware)|kazon]]'' (or ''deghi'') over an open fire. The cooking tradition includes many regional and occasional variations.<ref name="StreetFood" /><ref name="uzbek palov">{{cite web| url=http://www.people-travels.com/uzbekistan-photo-gallery/uzbek-cuisine-photos.html| title=Uzbek Cuisine Photos: Palov| access-date=2013-05-23| archive-date=2014-01-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212638/http://www.people-travels.com/uzbekistan-photo-gallery/uzbek-cuisine-photos.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Commonly, it is prepared with [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]] or [[beef]], browned in lamb fat or oil, and then stewed with fried [[onion]]s, [[garlic]] and carrots. [[Chicken (food)|Chicken]] palov is rare but found in traditional recipes originating in [[Bukhara]]. Some regional varieties use distinct types of oil to cook the meat. For example, [[Samarkand]]-style plov commonly uses ''zig'ir'' oil, a mix of melon seed, [[cottonseed oil|cottonseed]], [[sesame seed]], and [[linseed oil|flaxseed]] oils. Plov is usually simply spiced with salt, [[black pepper|peppercorns]], and [[cumin]], but [[coriander]], [[Barberry|barberries]], [[Peppercorn|red pepper]], or [[Pot marigold|marigold]] may be added according to regional variation or the chef's preference. Heads of garlic and chickpeas are sometimes buried into the rice during cooking. Sweet variations with dried [[apricot]]s, [[cranberry|cranberries]] and raisins are prepared on special occasions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=chef.rustam - Central Asian, e.g. Tajik and Uzbek (Tajik:... |url=https://www.facebook.com/111350780491947/photos/a.122699232690435/133611988265826/?type=3 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref>

Plov is the national dish of [[Uzbekistan]] and was recognized by [[UNESCO]] and inscribed on its [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] list in 2016. However neighbouring countries including [[Kazakhstan]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Tajikistan]] also considers plov a staple dish, with their own regional variations reflecting local ingredients and cooking.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Eden |first1=Caroline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_UijgEACAAJ |title=Samarkand: Recipes & Stories from Central Asia & The Caucasus |last2=Ford |first2=Eleanor |date=2016-06-07 |publisher=Octopus Books |isbn=978-1-909487-42-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lev-Tov |first=Devorah |title=Rich or Poor, Uzbeks Eat Plov |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/rich-or-poor-uzbeks-eat-plov-180983483/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

Although often prepared at home, plov is made on special occasions by an ''oshpaz'' or ''ashpoz'' (osh/ash master chef), who cooks it over an open flame, sometimes serving up to 1,000 people from a single cauldron on holidays or occasions such as weddings. ''Oshi nahor'', or "morning palov", is served in the early morning (between 6 and 9 am) to large gatherings of guests, typically as part of an ongoing wedding celebration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perfect Plov Recipe|url=https://nargiscafe.com/perfect_plov_recipe/|website=nargiscafe.com|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227060432/https://nargiscafe.com/perfect_plov_recipe/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Uzbek-style plov is found in the post-[[Soviet cuisine|Soviet]] countries and [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] of China. In Xinjiang, where the dish is known as polu, polo, or pola ({{Langx|ug|پولو، پولۇ، پولا|rtl=yes}}), it is often served with pickled vegetables, including carrots, onion and tomato.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |title=Going to Xinjiang? Here's What You'll Eat |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/introduction-foods-of-xinjiang-province-3955772 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=TripSavvy |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703154746/https://www.tripsavvy.com/introduction-foods-of-xinjiang-province-3955772 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<gallery class="center" widths="180px" heights="145px" caption="Rice pilaf examples from Central Asia">
File:Plov122.jpg|[[Uzbek plov]] being prepared in a ''[[Kazon (cookware)|kazon]]'' in a Tashkent home
File:Oshi palov tajik.jpg|Tajik plov, or oshi palav, is a regional variation of pilaf in Tajikistan.
File:Polu.jpg|[[Uyghur cuisine|Uyghur]] ''polu''
File:Tajik plov.jpg|[[Tajik cuisine|Tajik]] ''oshpaz''
</gallery>

=== Greece ===
[[File:Greek foods.jpg|thumb|A Greek meal with rice pilaf (bottom right)]]
In [[Greek cuisine]], ''piláfi'' (πιλάφι) is fluffy and soft, but neither soupy nor sticky, rice that has been boiled in a meat stock or [[Bouillon cube|bouillon broth]]. In Northern Greece, it is considered improper to prepare ''piláfi'' on a stovetop; the pot is properly placed in the oven.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} ''Gamopílafo'' ("wedding pilaf") is the prized pilaf served traditionally at weddings and major celebrations in [[Crete]]: rice is boiled in lamb or goat broth, then finished with [[lemon]] juice. Although it bears the name, ''Gamopílafo'' is not a pilaf but rather a kind of [[risotto]], with a creamy and not fluffy texture.

=== India ===
''Pulao'' is usually a mixture of [[rice]] with vegetables, usually [[pea]]s, [[potato]]es, [[green bean]]s, [[carrot]]s and sometimes includes any one kind of meat like [[chicken]], [[fish]], [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[goat]], [[pork]] or [[prawn]]s. A typical [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali]] style pulao is prepared using vegetarian ingredients like [[Long-grain rice|Long grain rice]] or [[aromatic rice]], [[cashewnut]], [[raisin]], [[ghee]] and various spices like [[nutmeg]], [[bay leaf]], [[cinnamon]], [[cardamom]], [[cumin]], [[clove]] and [[Mace (spice)|mace]]. There are also a few very elaborate ''pulaos'' with Persian names like ''hazar pasand'' ("a thousand delights").{{sfn|Davidson|2014|p=}} It is usually served on special occasions and weddings, though it is not uncommon to eat it for a regular lunch or dinner meal. It is considered very high in [[food energy]] and [[fat]]. A pulao is often complemented with either spiced yogurt or ''[[raita]]''.
<gallery class="center" widths="180px" heights="145px" mode="packed" caption="Rice pilaf examples from India">
File:Bengali Peas Pulao with Mutton Masala - Traditional Bengali Style.jpg|''Pulao Mutton'', from [[West Bengal, India]]
File:Kashmiri pulao (cropped).JPG|[[Kashmiri cuisine|Kashmiri]] pulao with nuts and fruit
File:Matar Pulao, boondi raita, dry roasted-papad.JPG|Matar pulao with peas served with [[boondi]] raita and [[papadum]]
File:Kesar Pulao and Dim Kosha.jpg|Pulao served alongside eggs in gravy
</gallery>

===Indonesia===
{{further|Nasi kebuli}}
[[File:Nasi Kebuli.jpg|thumb|200px|A portion of kebuli rice served with [[acar]] and [[sambal]].]]
The [[Arab Indonesians|Arab community in Indonesia]], largely descended from migrants from [[Hadhramaut]] in [[Yemen]] who arrived in [[Java]] between the 18th and 19th centuries through Indian Ocean trade networks, brought not only coffee, culture, and Islamic religious traditions, but also culinary practices. Among these is a pilaf called [[nasi kebuli]], an accultured dish within [[Arab Indonesian cuisine]] and said to derive its name from the [[kabuli pulao]] of Afghanistan, along with nasi kebuli, another type of pilaf that has become popular among Arab Indonesians is [[Mandi (food)|nasi mandi]]. According to Gagas Ulung and Deerona in their book ''Jejak Kuliner Arab di Pulau Jawa'' (2014), the origin of nasi kebuli indicate that prior to settling in Java, Hadhrami migrants spent time in [[Gujarat]], where interaction with local food traditions, transmitted in part by Kerala cooks working aboard Gujarati trading vessels, contributed to the formation of the dish before it was further adapted to [[Bumbu (seasoning)|Indonesian tastes]] through intermarriage and cultural blending. Nasi kebuli is characterized by long grain Basmati rice, cooked in goat meat broth, milk and ghee, and seasoned with garlic, shallots and spices such as cardamom, cloves, cumin, coriander, nutmeg, black pepper, and cinnamon; it is typically served with goat meat or chicken, and may be accompanied by raisins or dates, sambal goreng ati, [[Maraq (dish)|maraq soup]], [[acar]] or pickled pinapples, [[sambal]], and [[emping]] crackers. In Indonesia, particularly within [[Betawi people|Betawi]] and Arab Indonesian communities, nasi kebuli is closely associated with Islamic religious festivals such as Eid al Fitr, Eid al Adha, and Mawlid, as well as weddings, cultural gatherings, and official state banquets.<ref name="Republika">{{cite web |author1=Hisanul Rizqa |title=Sejarah Nasi Kebuli |url=https://republika.id/posts/49797/sejarah-nasi-kebuli |website=Republika.id |publisher=Republika |access-date=28 February 2026 |date=19 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="etnis">{{cite web |author1=Sabil Ismail |title=Nasi Kebuli dan Akulturasi Arab-Nusantara |url=https://etnis.id/nasi-kebuli-dan-akulturasi-arab-nusantara/ |website=etnis.id |access-date=28 February 2026 |date=2019}}</ref><ref name="kumparan">{{cite news |title=Mengenal Asal-usul Nasi Kebuli yang Jadi Menu Makan Siang Raja Salman |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanstyle/mengenal-asal-usul-nasi-kebuli-yang-jadi-menu-makan-siang-raja-salman/full |access-date=28 February 2026 |agency=kumparan.com |publisher=kumparan |date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

=== Iran ===
[[File:Loobia Polo.jpg|thumb|right|''Lubia polo'', 'Persian rice with green beans' in Iran]]
[[Persian cuisine|Persian]] culinary terms referring to [[rice]] preparation are numerous and ancient and have influenced and found their way into the neighbouring languages: ''polow'' (from which the word "pilaf" is derived around the world; rice cooked in broth while the grains remain separate, straining the half cooked rice before adding the broth and then "brewing"), ''chelow'' (white rice with separate grains), ''[[kateh]]'' (sticky rice) and ''[[tahchin]]'' (slow cooked rice, vegetables, and meat cooked in a specially designed dish). One of the many unique ingredients used in Persian rice is saffron. There are a wide variety of Persian rice dishes (upto 100 dishes) with vegetables and herbs which are very popular among Iranians.

There are four primary methods of cooking rice in Iran:
* ''Chelow'': rice that is carefully prepared through soaking and [[parboiling]], at which point the water is drained and the rice is steamed. This method results in an exceptionally fluffy rice with the grains separated and not sticky; it also results in a golden rice crust at the bottom of the pot called ''[[tahdig]]'' (literally "bottom of the pot").
* ''Polow'': rice that is cooked exactly the same as ''chelo'', with the exception that after draining the rice, other ingredients are layered with the rice, and they are then steamed together.
* ''Kateh'': rice that is boiled until the water is absorbed. This is the traditional dish of Northern Iran.
* ''Dami:'' Cooked almost the same as ''kateh'', except that the heat is reduced just before boiling and a towel is placed between the lid and the pot to prevent steam from escaping. ''Dami'' literally means "simmered".

=== Japan ===
Japanese style Pilaf (ピラフ) is commonly eaten with Japanese school lunch, or kyūshoku (給食). The most common pilaf enjoyed with Japanese school lunch is a corn pilaf.

=== Kenya ===
In [[Kenya]] pilau is mostly eaten in coastal regions. The spices are similar to Indian varieties. Potatoes are typically added to the masala and the dish can be eaten with meat, fish or meatless. It is often served with a side of [[kachumbari]].

=== Pakistan ===
[[File:Zafrani Pulao.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Zafrani chicken pulao, Karachi, Pakistan]]
[[File:Cholistani Camel Meat Pulao.JPG|thumb|right|Camel meat pulao, Pakistan]]
In [[Pakistan]], ''pulao'' ({{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|پلاؤ}}}}), also romanized as ''{{lang|ur-latn|pulāv}}''''',''' is a popular dish made with fragrant [[basmati]] rice cooked in a seasoned meat or bone broth. Typically non-spicy, it features tender pieces of meat, such as chicken, lamb, or beef, though vegetarian variations are also popular. As with Afghan cuisine, ''[[Kabuli palaw|Kabuli pulav]]'' is a staple dish in Pakistan, especially in the western regions. This variation of pulav is often adorned with sliced carrots, almonds, and raisins fried in a sweet syrup, adding a unique touch of sweetness and texture to the dish.
[[Bannu|Bannu Beef Pulao]], also known as Bannu Gosht Pulao, is a traditional and popular variation of pulav recipe hailing from the [[Bannu District|Bannu district]] of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in [[Pakistan]]. The dish is made with beef, basmati rice, and a blend of local spices, resulting in a flavor profile characteristic of the region. The beef is first cooked in a separate preparation known as [[Yahni|Beef Yakhni]], made using a combination of salt, ginger, garlic, onions, and garam masala. This broth enhances the flavor and ensures the meat is tender. The rice is then combined with the cooked beef, allowing the flavors to meld together. This delicacy is often served during special occasions and family dinners and is a [[Staple food|staple]] of the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] culinary tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Bannu Beef Pulao Chuburji |url=https://www.bannubeefpulaoturabfoods.pk/chuburji/home |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=www.bannubeefpulaoturabfoods.pk |archive-date=2023-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122181708/https://www.bannubeefpulaoturabfoods.pk/chuburji/home |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malang Jan Bannu Beef Pulao |url=http://niftyfoodz.com/recipe/malang-jan-bannu-beef-pulao |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=niftyfoodz.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122181719/https://niftyfoodz.com/recipe/malang-jan-bannu-beef-pulao |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pulao is popular in all parts of Pakistan, but the cooking style can vary slightly in other parts of the country. It is prepared by [[Sindhi people]] of Pakistan in their marriage ceremonies, condolence meetings, and other occasions.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reejhsinghani|first1=Aroona|title=Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143032014|page=237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=Sindhi+Pulao&pg=PA237|access-date=22 August 2015|archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415083259/https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=Sindhi+Pulao&pg=PA237|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Reejhsinghani|first1=Aroona|title=The Sindhi Kitchen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HAYAgAAQBAJ&q=Sindhi+Pulao&pg=PT175|access-date=22 August 2015|isbn=9789383260171|date=2013-07-25|publisher=Westland }}</ref>

===Romania===
Romanian style ''pilaf'' is often more watery in consistency, more akin to [[congee]], and uses chicken breast meat along with chopped red peppers, onion, and carrot.

===Levant===
Traditional Levantine cooking includes a variety of Pilaf known as "[[Maqlubeh]]", known across the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Groundwater |first1=Ben |title=This Middle East one-pot wonder’s secret? It’s served upside down |url=https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/this-middle-east-one-pot-wonder-s-secret-it-s-served-upside-down-20240827-p5k5pk.html |access-date=1 February 2026 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=1 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The rice pilaf which is traditionally cooked with meat, eggplant, tomatoes, potatoes, and cauliflower also has a fish variety known as "[[sayadieh]]", or the Fishermen's Dish.

===Turkey===
[[File:Pilav.JPG|thumb|right|Typical Turkish pilav. Rice with [[orzo (pasta)|orzo]].]]
Historically, mutton stock was the most common cooking liquid for Turkish pilavs.

Turkish cuisine contains many different pilav types. Some of these variations are ''pirinç'' (rice) pilav, ''[[bulgur]]'' pilav, and ''arpa şehriye'' ([[orzo]]) pilav. Using mainly these three types, Turkish people make many dishes such as ''[[perdeli pilav]]'', and ''etli pilav'' (rice cooked with cubed beef). Unlike Chinese rice, if Turkish rice is sticky, it is considered unsuccessful. To make the best rice according to Turkish people, one must rinse the rice, cook in butter, then add the water and let it sit until it soaks all the water. This results in a pilaf that is not sticky and every single rice grain falls off of the spoon separately.

The Greek Orthodox [[Pontic Greeks|Pontian]] minority had their own methods of preparing pilav.<ref>{{cite web |title=Five Pontian recipes for Lent |url=https://www.pontosnews.gr/293024/syntages/pente-pontiakes-syntages-gia-to-sarak/ |work=Pontos News |language=Greek |date=March 2, 2014 |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307095019/https://www.pontosnews.gr/293024/syntages/pente-pontiakes-syntages-gia-to-sarak/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Voutira |first1=Eftihia |title=Genealogies across the cold war divide: The case of the Pontic Greeks from the former Soviet Union and their 'affinal repatriation' |journal=Ethnography |date=2020 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44724165 |volume=21 |issue=3 |page=360 |doi=10.1177/1466138120939589 |s2cid=221040916 |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2022-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906054108/https://www.academia.edu/44724165 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sinope Pilaf |work=Pontos News |language=Greek |date=October 7, 2012 |url=https://www.pontosnews.gr/260394/syntages/pilafi-sinopis/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307095029/https://www.pontosnews.gr/260394/syntages/pilafi-sinopis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pontians along the Black Sea coast might make pilav with anchovies (called {{lang|pnt|hapsipilavon}}) or mussels (called {{lang|pnt|mythopilavon}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Mythopilavon: the Pontian mussel pilav |work=Pontos News |language=Greek |date=February 15, 2013 |url=https://www.pontosnews.gr/272040/syntages/mythopilavon-to-pontiako-mydopilafo/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307095028/https://www.pontosnews.gr/272040/syntages/mythopilavon-to-pontiako-mydopilafo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hapsipilavon, the Pontian pilaf with fish |work=Pontos News |language=Greek |date=February 19, 2021 |url=https://www.pontosnews.gr/640286/syntages/chapsopilavon-pontiako-pilafi-ta-psaria/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307095028/https://www.pontosnews.gr/640286/syntages/chapsopilavon-pontiako-pilafi-ta-psaria/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other varieties of Pontian pilav could include chicken,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Charmei |first1=Amber |title=Homecoming, Greek-Style |work=Greece Is |date=2018 |url=https://www.greece-is.com/article/homecoming-greek-style/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410032246/https://www.greece-is.com/article/homecoming-greek-style/ |url-status=live }}</ref> lamb, and vegetables. Typical seasonings are anise, dill, parsley, salt, pepper, and saffron. Some Pontians cooked pine nuts, peanuts, or almonds into their pilav. While pilav was usually made from rice, it could also be made with buckwheat.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Aglaia Kremezi |title=Greece Culinary Travel with Aglaia Kremezi |website=Epicurious |url=https://www.epicurious.com/archive/diningtravel/culinarytravel/greecemacedoniathrace |access-date=2021-04-10 |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410032236/https://www.epicurious.com/archive/diningtravel/culinarytravel/greecemacedoniathrace |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Crimea===

Traditional [[Crimean Tatar cuisine|Crimean Tatar pilyav]] (pilâv) is prepared from rice; meat, onions, or raisins can be added.<ref>{{Citation |title=Qırımtatar yemekleri: Пиляв | date=5 January 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCGsCLwQvVI |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Готовим къыймалы пиляв | date=20 August 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVhfMlxnzfs |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref>

===Baltics===
Lithuanian pilaf is often referred to as ''plovas''. It tends to consist of rice and vegetables; depending on the region the vegetables can be tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, and/or mushrooms. It often contains chicken pieces or cut-up pieces of pork, usually the meat around the neck or the stomach; seasonings can be heavy or light, and some ''plovas'' might be made with rice that is very soft, unlike other variants.

Latvian pilaf is often referred to as ''plovs'' or ''plov''. It tends to contain the same ingredients as the Lithuanian ''plovas'' and can vary from county to county.

==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
* [[List of rice dishes]]
* [[Bannu pulao]]
* [[Fried rice]]
* [[Maqluba]]
* ''[[Nasi lemak]]''
* ''[[Nasi goreng]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note|2}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Citation|title=Indian Food Tradition A Historical Companion|last=Achaya|first=K.T.|publisher=Oxford University Press India|year=1994|isbn=978-0195628456|page=44}}.
*{{citation|author=American Institute for Cancer Research|title=The New American Plate Cookbook: Recipes for a Healthy Weight and a Healthy Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaU4m46CHL4C&pg=RA1-PA58 |year=2005 |publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24234-0|pages=158–}}.
*{{citation|last=Boardman|first=John|title=Alexander the Great: From His Death to the Present Day|year=2019 |author-link=John Boardman (art historian)|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18175-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkZxDwAAQBAJ}}.
*{{citation|last=Collingham|first=Elizabeth M.|title=Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors|year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-532001-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pH88DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25}}.
* {{citation|last=Davidson|first=Alan|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA624|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-967733-7|pages=624–625}}.
*{{citation|last=Kraig|first=Bruce|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOJMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-973496-2 |page=140}}.
* {{citation|last=Marton|first=Renee|title=Rice: A Global History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDwpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT34|year=2014|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-412-0|pages=34–}}.
* {{citation|author=Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary|year=2019|publisher=Merriam-Webster Incorporated Unabridged Dictionary; Online, Subscription Required|title=pilaf noun|url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/pilaf}}.
*{{citation|last=Nabhan|first=Gary Paul|title=Cumin, Camels, and Caravans: A Spice Odyssey|year=2014 |publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-26720-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-glDQAAQBAJ}}.
* {{citation|last1=Nandy|first1=Ashis|author-link=Ashis Nandy|title=The Changing Popular Culture of Indian Food: Preliminary Notes|journal=South Asia Research|volume=24|issue=1|year=2004|pages=9–19|issn=0262-7280 |doi=10.1177/0262728004042760|citeseerx=10.1.1.830.7136|s2cid=143223986}}.
*{{citation|author=Oxford English Dictionary|title=pilaf (n)|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, online (subscription required)| year = 2006a|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/265992?redirectedFrom=pilaf#eid}}.
*{{citation|author=Oxford English Dictionary|title=pilau (n)|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, online (subscription required)| year = 2006b|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/143814 |quote= "A dish, partly of Middle Eastern, partly and ultimately of South Asian origin, consisting of rice (or, in certain areas, wheat) cooked in stock with spices, usually mixed with meat and various other ingredients.}}
*{{citation|last=Perry |first=Charles|author-link=Charles Perry (food writer) |editor=Jaine, Tom |title=The Oxford Companion to Food by Alan Davidson, 3rd Edition|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA624|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-967733-7|pages=624–625|chapter=Pilaf}}.
*{{citation|last=Perry|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Perry (food writer)|title=Annual Cookbook Issue: Book Review: An Armchair Guide to the Indian Table: Indian Food: A Historical Companion By K. T. Achaya (Oxford University Press: 1994; $35; 290 pp.)|journal=Los Angeles Times|date=15 December 1994|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-15-fo-9100-story.html}}.
*{{citation|last=Perry|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Perry (food writer)|title=Rice Pilaf: Ingredients, Texture Varies|date=28 April 1994|journal=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1994-04-28-9404250390-story.html}}.
* {{citation|last=Rasanayagam|first=C.|orig-year=1926|title=Ancient Jaffna: Being a Research Into the History of Jaffna from Very Early Times to the Portug[u]ese Period|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientjaffna00muda/page/154|year=1984|isbn=978-81-206-0210-6|pages=153–4|publisher=Everyman's Publisher (Madras)}}.
* {{citation|last=Roger|first=Delphine|editor=Kiple, Kenneth F. |editor2=Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè |title=The Cambridge World History of Food|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr2qnK_QOuAC&pg=PA1140|volume=2|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge and New York|isbn=978-0-521-40215-6|pages=1140–1150|chapter=The Middle East and South Asia (in Chapter: History and Culture of Food and Drink in Asia)}}.
*{{citation|last=Sen|first=Colleen Taylor|title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|year=2014|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-391-8|pages=164–5}}.
* {{citation|last=Sengupta|first=Jayanta|editor=Freedman, Paul |editor2=Chaplin, Joyce E. |editor3=Albala, Ken |title=Food in Time and Place: The American Historical Association Companion to Food History|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNQkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|year=2014|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-27745-8|pages=68–94|chapter=India}}.

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Pilaf}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline}}
* {{Cookbook-inline|Pulao}}
* {{Cookbook-inline|Rice Pilaf}}
* {{Cookbook-inline|Kashmiri Pulao}}

{{Rice dishes}}
{{Navboxes|list1=
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{{Cuisine of Turkey}}
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{{African cuisine}}
{{Authority control}}

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List of Catholic dioceses in India

2026-03-24T20:31:42Z

MohammedMathieu: minor cleaned up citations as per guidelines additionally and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{short description|None}}

The [[Catholic Church in India]] has one of the largest number of dioceses in Asia. The bishops of the [[Latin Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Church]] and [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] form the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] (CBCI).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbci.in/about-us |title=About CBCI |publisher=[[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] |website=cbci.in}}</ref> This [[episcopal conference]] was established in 1944.

== By Type ==
By typology, the dioceses are categorised as :
*Major archepiscopial sees (Major archdioceses): 2
*Titular patriarchal see, metropolitan archdiocese: 1
*Metropolitan archdioceses: 31
*Archdiocese without suffragans: 1
*Dioceses: 139
*Titular episcopal see: 1

== By Rite ==
Out of the 174 [[diocese]]s in India,
*[[Latin Church|Latin]] has 132 dioceses.
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar]] has 31 dioceses and
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church|Syro-Malankara]] has 11 dioceses.

== By Ecclesiastical Provinces ==
These are organised into 34 provinces comprising 24 Latin, 8 Syro-Malabar and 2 Syro-Malankara provinces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbci.in/DioceseIndia |title=Diocese of India |publisher=[[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] |website=cbci.in}}</ref>

== Latin Catholic Ecclesiastical Provinces ==
[[File:India Catholic Dioceses.svg|thumb|right|320px|Latin ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of the Catholic church in India. The dioceses making up a province have different shades of the same colour]]
===Province of Agra===
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajmer|Diocese of Ajmer]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Allahabad|Diocese of Allahabad]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bareilly|Diocese of Bareilly]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaipur|Diocese of Jaipur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jhansi|Diocese of Jhansi]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucknow|Diocese of Lucknow]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Meerut|Diocese of Meerut]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Udaipur|Diocese of Udaipur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi|Diocese of Varanasi]]

===Province of Bangalore===
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Belgaum|Diocese of Belgaum]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bellary|Diocese of Bellary]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chikmagalur|Diocese of Chikmagalur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gulbarga|Diocese of Gulbarga]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Karwar|Diocese of Karwar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore|Diocese of Mangalore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mysore|Diocese of Mysore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Shimoga|Diocese of Shimoga]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Udupi|Diocese of Udupi]]

===Province of Bhopal===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bhopal]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gwalior|Diocese of Gwalior]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Indore|Diocese of Indore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jabalpur|Diocese of Jabalpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jhabua|Diocese of Jhabua]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khandwa|Diocese of Khandwa]]

===Province of Bombay===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bombay]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona|Diocese of Poona]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai|Diocese of Vasai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nashik|Diocese of Nashik]]

===Province of Calcutta===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Asansol|Diocese of Asansol]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagdogra|Diocese of Bagdogra]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baruipur|Diocese of Baruipur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Darjeeling|Diocese of Darjeeling]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jalpaiguri|Diocese of Jalpaiguri]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Krishnagar|Diocese of Krishnagar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Raiganj|Diocese of Raiganj]]

===Province of Calicut===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calicut|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calicut]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kannur|Diocese of Kannur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sultanpet|Diocese of Sultanpet]]

===Province of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Balasore|Diocese of Balasore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Berhampur|Diocese of Berhampur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rayagada|Diocese of Rayagada]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rourkela|Diocese of Rourkela]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sambalpur|Diocese of Sambalpur]]

===Province of Delhi===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Delhi|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Delhi]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jammu-Srinagar|Diocese of Jammu-Srinagar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jalandhar|Diocese of Jalandhar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh|Diocese of Simla and Chandigarh]]

===Province of Gandhinagar===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gandhinagar|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gandhinagar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad|Diocese of Ahmedabad]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baroda|Diocese of Baroda]]

===Province of Goa and Daman===
*[[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]]{{#tag:ref|The Archbishop of Goa and Daman also carries the title of the [[Patriarch of the East Indies]].|group=note}}
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sindhudurg|Diocese of Sindhudurg]]

===Province of Guwahati===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guwahati|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Guwahati]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bongaigaon|Diocese of Bongaigaon]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dibrugarh|Diocese of Dibrugarh]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Diphu|Diocese of Diphu]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Itanagar|Diocese of Itanagar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Miao|Diocese of Miao]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tezpur|Diocese of Tezpur]]

===Province of Hyderabad===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hyderabad]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuddapah|Diocese of Cuddapah]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khammam|Diocese of Khammam]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool|Diocese of Kurnool]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nalgonda|Diocese of Nalgonda]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Warangal|Diocese of Warangal]]

===Province of Imphal===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Imphal|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Imphal]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kohima|Diocese of Kohima]]

===Province of Madras and Mylapore===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chingleput|Diocese of Chingleput]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore|Diocese of Coimbatore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ootacamund|Diocese of Ootacamund]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vellore|Diocese of Vellore]]

===Province of Madurai===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai| Metropolitan Archdiocese of Madurai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dindigul|Diocese of Dindigul]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottar|Diocese of Kottar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai|Diocese of Kuzhithurai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palayamkottai|Diocese of Palayamkottai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sivagangai|Diocese of Sivagangai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli|Diocese of Tiruchirapalli]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin|Diocese of Tuticorin]]

===Province of Nagpur===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nagpur|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Nagpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Amravati|Diocese of Amravati]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Aurangabad|Diocese of Aurangabad]]

===Province of Patna===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Patna]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bettiah|Diocese of Bettiah]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bhagalpur|Diocese of Bhagalpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar|Diocese of Buxar]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Muzaffarpur|Diocese of Muzaffarpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Purnea|Diocese of Purnea]]

===Province of Pondicherry and Cuddalore===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dharmapuri|Diocese of Dharmapuri]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumbakonam|Diocese of Kumbakonam]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Salem|Diocese of Salem]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore|Diocese of Tanjore]]

===Province of Raipur===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Raipur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ambikapur|Diocese of Ambikapur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jashpur|Diocese of Jashpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Raigarh|Diocese of Raigarh]]

===Province of Ranchi===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ranchi]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Daltonganj|Diocese of Daltonganj]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumka|Diocese of Dumka]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumla|Diocese of Gumla]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hazaribag|Diocese of Hazaribag]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jamshedpur|Diocese of Jamshedpur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khunti|Diocese of Khunti]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Blair|Diocese of Port Blair]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega|Diocese of Simdega]]

===Province of Shillong===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Agartala|Diocese of Agartala]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Aizawl|Diocese of Aizawl]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai|Diocese of Jowai]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nongstoin|Diocese of Nongstoin]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tura|Diocese of Tura]]

===Province of Trivandrum===
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Trivandrum]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Alleppey|Diocese of Alleppey]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Neyyattinkara|Diocese of Neyyattinkara]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Punalur|Diocese of Punalur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon|Diocese of Quilon]]

===Province of Verapoly===
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Verapoly]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin|Diocese of Cochin]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottapuram|Diocese of Kottapuram]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vijayapuram|Diocese of Vijayapuram]]

===Province of Visakhapatnam===
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Eluru|Diocese of Eluru]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guntur|Diocese of Guntur]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nellore|Diocese of Nellore]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Srikakulam|Diocese of Srikakulam]]
** [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vijayawada|Diocese of Vijayawada]]

==Syro-Malabar Catholic Ecclesiastical Provinces==
The [[Syro-Malabar Church]] is governed by the [[Major Archbishop]] whose seat is [[Ernakulam]]-[[Angamaly]] and the [[synod]] of all bishops of this ''sui iuris'' church, both within and outside of India.
===Province of Ernakulam - Angamaly===
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Idukki|Syro Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kothamangalam|Syro Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kothamangalam]]

===Province of Changanassery===
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery | Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanassery]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kanjirappally| Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palai |Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palai]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Thuckalay | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thuckalay]]

===Province of Faridabad===
* [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Faridabad|Syro Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Faridabad]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Bijnor|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Bijnor]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Gorakhpur|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Gorakhpur]]

===Province of Kalyan===
* [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Kalyan|Syro Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kalyan]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Chanda|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chanda]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Rajkot|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Rajkot]]

===Province of Shamshabad===
* [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Shamshabad|Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Shamshabad]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Adilabad|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Adilabad]]

===Province of Tellicherry===
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Tellicherry | Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Tellicherry]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Belthangady | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Belthangady]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Bhadravathi | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Bhadravathi]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Mananthavady | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Mananthavady]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Thamarassery | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thamarassery]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Mandya | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Mandya]]

===Province of Thrissur===
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur |Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Hosur]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Ramanathapuram |Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Ramanathapuram]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda | Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda]]
**[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palghat| Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palghat]]

===Province of Ujjain===
* [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Ujjain|Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Ujjain]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Jagdalpur|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Jagdalpur]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Sagar|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Sagar]]
** [[Syro-Malabar Diocese of Satna|Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Satna]]

===Archdiocese of Kottayam===
* [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Kottayam | Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam]]

==Syro-Malankara Catholic Ecclesiastical Provinces==
The [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] is also a [[major archbishop|major archiepiscopal]] ''sui iuris'' Church. It is governed by the [[Major Archbishop]] whose seat is [[Trivandrum]] and its [[synod]] of bishops.
===Province of Trivandrum===
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of St. Ephrem of Khadki]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Marthandom]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Mavelikara]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Parassala]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Pathanamthitta]]

===Province of Tiruvalla===
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Archeparchy of Tiruvalla]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Muvattupuzha]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Bathery]]
**[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Puthur]]

===Directly under the Holy See===
* [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of St. John Chrysostom of Gurgaon]]

===Titular Episcopal See===
* Titular Episcopal See of Chayal of Syro-Malankara

==See also==
* [[Catholic Church in India]]
* [[Christianity in India]]
* [[List of cathedrals in India]]
* [[List of Catholic bishops of India]]
* [[List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)]]
* [[Territories of Catholic dioceses in India]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/din2.html Current Dioceses in India] at [[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]
* [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/in.html India] at [[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]
* [https://gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/IN.htm India] at GCatholic.org

[[Category:Catholic dioceses in India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Roman Catholic dioceses by country|India]]
[[Category:India religion-related lists|Roman Catholic dioceses]]

Nandhaa

2026-03-20T22:24:31Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|2001 Indian action drama film by Bala}}
{{about|the film|the actor|Nandaa|other uses|Nandha (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nandhaa poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Bala (director)|Bala]]
| writer = Bala
| producer = Ganesh Raghu Karthik Radhakrishnan Venky Narayanan Rajan Radhakrishnan
| starring = [[Suriya]] [[Rajkiran]] [[Laila (actress)|Laila]]
| cinematography = [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| studio = Aparajeeth Films
| released = {{Film date|2001|11|14|df=yes}}
| runtime = 121 minutes<ref name="BBFC">{{Cite web |title=Nandhaa |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/nandhaa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmzm4mju |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250108162644/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/nandhaa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmzm4mju |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| gross = 
}}

'''''Nandhaa''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Bala (director)|Bala]]. The film stars [[Suriya]], [[Rajkiran]], and [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] in the lead roles, while [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajshree]], [[Sheela Kaur|Sheela]] and [[Karunas]] (in his acting debut) play supporting roles. It is about the title character who, after serving time in a [[borstal]], struggles to regain his mother's love and acceptance in society.

The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], with cinematography by [[R. Rathnavelu]] and editing by [[Suresh Urs]]. The film was released on 14 November 2001, on [[Diwali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandha (2001) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/nandha |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619051430/https://screen4screen.com/movies/nandha |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=Screen4Screen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=9 November 2001 |title=A feast of films |url=http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030605093230/http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |archive-date=5 June 2003 |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2 September 2025 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The plot opens with a woman and her two children, Nandhaa and Chitra, arriving at [[Rameswaram]]. Nandhaa, the elder child, is sent to a [[borstal]] for murdering his father after witnessing the latter's illicit affair with a prostitute and abuse towards Nandhaa's mother when she finds out about it. He returns home to his mother, who is [[deaf-mute]], and Chitra, who are still in shock after what happened to their family.

Nandhaa decides to start life afresh by trying to study in a college. Because of his criminal record, he finds it difficult to get a seat in college. He then meets Periyavar, a rich disciplinarian who runs an arts and science college with an iron hand. His forefathers were kings of the [[Ramanathapuram]] kingdom and fell in line with the [[British Raj|British]]. After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence]], all of their palaces and titles were taken by [[Government of India|India's government]], but much of their material wealth was in their hands. He still thinks of himself as a guardian of people and helps many poor people. He even goes to the extent of providing justice when the law and police cannot or will not.

Periyavar develops a soft corner for Nandhaa and guides him like his own son. Kalyani, a [[Sri Lankan Tamils in India|Sri Lankan Tamil refugee]] from [[Jaffna]], meets Nandhaa, and both fall in love. Meanwhile, Periyavar's son-in-law Durai asks Periyavar, who currently helps students at his college a lot, to aid an antisocial element, but Periyavar refuses outright. One of Periyavar's betraying sidekicks agrees to help Durai.

Periyavar falls ill and gets admitted to the hospital. Nandhaa stays around to look after his mentor and guide. Fearing what he has done might be out in the light, Durai pulls out Periyavar's oxygen tube in the hospital when Nandhaa is not around and blames Nandhaa for murdering his father-in-law. Nandhaa, having to deal with the pain of losing the only man who gave him a second chance to live, struggles with the fear of being convicted of murder once again and chooses to kill Durai on the court campus. However, the case is dismissed due to a lack of evidence. Nandhaa is eventually acquitted as there are no eyewitnesses to the murder.

After being acquitted of Durai's murder, Nandhaa returns home. However, his paranoid mother thinks that her son still has murder instincts, so she waits at home to feed him a meal, which she has poisoned for him. Nandhaa realizes the food is poisoned when he eats it, but continues eating, with the satisfaction that his mother is feeding him. Little does his mother know that it will mean her own death. Nandhaa dies in his mother's lap, and when his friend Lodukku Pandi, Chitra, and Kalyani come to see what has happened, they realise that both Nandhaa and his mother are dead.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Suriya]] as Nandhaa
* [[Rajkiran]] as Periyavar
* [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] as Kalyani
* [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Durai
* [[Karunas]] as 'Loduku' Paandi
* [[Vinoth Kishan|Vinoth]] as Young Nandhaa
* [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] as Nandhaa's mother
* [[Sheela Kaur|Sheela]] as Chitra
* [[Mu Ramaswamy|Tanjai Ramasamy]] as a villager
* Nandha Saravanan as a rowdy (uncredited)<ref name="NS" />
}}

== Production ==
The title role was initially offered to [[Ajith Kumar]], who rejected the film citing that [[Bala (director)|Bala]] had not fully developed the story and screenplay before narrating the terms to him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajith's Allegation |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%204.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114058/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%204.htm |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=8 August 2011 |website=Cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2019 |title=From 'Itihasam' to 'Mirattal': Check out 11 movies of Ajith that were shelved |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2019/oct/16/from-itihasam-to-mirattal-check-out-11-movies-of-ajith-that-were-shelved-102591.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728020453/https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2019/oct/16/from-itihasam-to-mirattal-check-out-11-movies-of-ajith-that-were-shelved-102591.html |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Ajith's departure meant that the film's proposed producer, [[Atluri Purnachandra Rao|Poornachandra Rao]], also backed out.<ref name="minnoviyam">{{Cite web |last=Chandrasekaran |first=Chandra |date=August 2000 |title=Bala moves ahead with his "Nanda" |url=http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/aug00/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017235605/http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/aug00/index.html |archive-date=17 October 2000 |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=Minnoviyam}}</ref> [[Suriya]] was selected as his replacement instead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=21 July 2000 |title=Ajit backs off Nanda |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jul/21spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212004240/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jul/21spice.htm |archive-date=12 February 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The director tried to cast [[Sivaji Ganesan]] for a character role in the film, but his unavailability led to [[Rajkiran]] being cast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMIL CINEMA 2000 |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U888.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123093354/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U888.htm |archive-date=23 January 2016 |access-date=25 March 2012 |website=Cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] was signed on as the lead actress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winds blow hard but the tree remains still |url=http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/hot%20news%20-%20140820011.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731152001/http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/hot%20news%20-%20140820011.htm |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 March 2012 |website=Cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> Because she portrays a [[Sri Lankan Tamils in India|Sri Lankan Tamil refugee]], cinematographer [[R. Rathnavelu]] shot her scenes under "normal lighting" to depict her as less glamorous than some of her other Tamil films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Cinematographer 'Rathnavelu' |url=https://www.cinesouth.com/specials/interviews/rathnavelu.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210093248/http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/interviews/rathnavelu.shtml |archive-date=10 February 2005 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> It is the acting debut of [[Karunas]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2008 |title=A remake well handled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2008/Dec/25/a-remake-well-handled-13127.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250108160129/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2008/Dec/25/a-remake-well-handled-13127.html |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> previously a singer and musician.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aravindan |first=M.R. |date=17 February 2003 |title=A pop singer in actor's costume |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-pop-singer-in-actors-costume/article28399504.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220062646/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-pop-singer-in-actors-costume/article28399504.ece |archive-date=20 December 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Saravanan, who would later be known as ''Nandha'' Saravanan made his debut through this film.<ref name="NS">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ_Vtp5gs3o |title=Ghilli-க்கு அப்புறம் என் சம்பளம் லட்சத்துக்கு மேல போய்டுச்சு... Nandha Saravanan Exclusive |date=27 April 2024 |language=ta |publisher=[[SS Music]] |time=13:37 to 14:00 |time-caption=From |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

The role required Suriya to undergo physical change, so production was delayed until Suriya had finished filming for ''[[Uyirile Kalanthathu]]'' (2000) and ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=2 September 2000 |title=Domino effect hits Tamil industry |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/02domino.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905034224/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/sep/02domino.htm |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The first look of the film created media anticipation, with both Suriya and Rajkiran sporting looks which they had not portrayed before.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surya – Rajkiran in offbeat roles for Nandha |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Tamil%20Movie%20News05.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221031322/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Tamil%20Movie%20News05.htm |archive-date=21 December 2014 |access-date=25 March 2012 |website=Cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> Post-release, Suriya stated, "when ''Nandha'' happened, everything changed. I became a serious actor, and director Bala instilled in me the discipline to work without committing errors."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=9 May 2008 |title=My first break – Suriya |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200805090924.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223022351/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200805090924.htm |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=25 March 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In an interview, Bala mentioned that the Malayalam film ''[[Thaniyavarthanam]]''<nowiki/>'s climax inspired him a lot and based on this climax, the story of ''Nandhaa'' was written backwards.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nj-FnReWpk |title=Bala Firing Dark Secrets of Cinema like a Dragon! Shock ஆன Gobi! Fiery Interview – Part 3 |date=29 December 2024 |language=ta |publisher=Behindwoods TV |access-date=31 December 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/9nj-FnReWpk |archive-date=8 January 2025 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]. It was released on 21 October 2001 at [[Taj Connemara|Hotel Connemara]], [[Chennai]] by actor [[Kamal Haasan]] and director [[Bharathiraja]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magan |first=Tamil |title=Nandha – audiocassette released |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/eevents/nanda.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011106221441/http://www.chennaionline.com/eevents/nanda.asp |archive-date=6 November 2001 |access-date=10 November 2013 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> The songs "Amma Endrale" and "Orayiram" are based on the raga [[Pantuvarali]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=30 September 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey — Poignant Pantuvarali |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article2500456.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117072843/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article2500456.ece |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=14 June 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and "Mun Paniyaa" is set to Keeravani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=145 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref> The lyrics of five songs were written by five different lyricists, while "Maayane Andha"'s lyrics were derived from the [[Thiruppavai]] written and sung by [[Aandaal]].{{Cn|date=January 2025}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Lyricist!! Duration
|-
| "Mun Paniyaa" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Malgudi Subha]] || [[Palani Bharathi]]|| 5:47
|-
| "Or Aayiram Yaanai" || [[P. Unnikrishnan]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]|| 3:35
|-
| "Engengo Kaalgal Sellum" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Pulamaipithan]]|| 4:09
|-
| "Maayane Andha" || Rajalakshmi, [[Srimathumitha]] & Chorus* || [[Aandaal]]|| 2:49
|-
| "Kalli Adi Kalli" || [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Srimathumitha]] & Chorus* || [[Thamarai]]|| 4:06
|-
| "Amma Endralle" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Pa. Vijay]]|| 4:32
|}

:*The chorus consists of singers Ganga, Kanchana, Febi, Feji and [[Charulatha Mani]]
== Critical reception ==
S. R. Ashok Kumar from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that "powerful performance by the lead artists, a neat screenplay and narration without any deviations in the form of dance or song make ''Nandhaa'' worth watching. Bala's direction makes viewing a gripping experience." He added that "Surya as the young rustic man has reached a new milestone in acting. Rajkiran shines in the role of Periyavar. A surprise, however, is Rajashri, who reveals great histrionic skills."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=23 November 2001 |title=Nandhaa |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011222202825/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970200.htm |archive-date=22 December 2001 |access-date=25 March 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In comparison, Tulika of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' stated the film failed to live up to expectations, likening it to ''[[Aalavandhan]]'' (2001) and stated that "the screenplay is smooth and incident-driven. In the final analysis, it is the climax that may be the main reason why the audience does not lap up this film."<ref name="R">{{Cite web |last=Tulika |date=6 December 2001 |title=Strangely familiar |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/06nandha.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905034233/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/dec/06nandha.htm |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' criticised the film's "''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]'' hangover", but praised the performances of Suriya, Laila and Rajkiran, concluding, "Hankies will not be sufficient, take a towel if you are in the mood to watch ''Nanda''".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanda |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=8717151&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041228182314/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=8717151&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=28 December 2004 |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote the director, who has proved that he can deliver a vibrant film without the masala fragrance, is keeping the faith of the fans he earned with ''Sethu'' with ''Nandhaa''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=2 December 2001 |title=நந்தா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-02/page/n89/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230725153059/https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-02/page/n89/mode/2up |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=25 July 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=88–89 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> K. N. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote "This is a moving story from director Bala who gave the runaway hit ''Sethu''. If you liked ''Sethu'', you'll probably enjoy this new venture".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=15 December 2001 |title=A mother's punishing grief |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iSwhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fngFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3109%2C2553685 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108160455/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iSwhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fngFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3109%2C2553685 |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Entertainment 4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "Director Bala re-establishes his credentials again as a film-maker who moves away from the beaten track, and tries to bring in freshness by way of concept and narrative style. His 'Nandha' like 'Sethu', before it, is different from the routine films. The artistes are chosen well, irrespective of their market rating, and the locations have a freshness too. But the director could have avoided repetition of scenes and ambience, which give a sense of deja vu".<ref name="C">{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Nandha |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov153.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040214140224/http://www.chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov153.asp |archive-date=14 February 2004 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
! {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|rowspan=3| [[49th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Tamil Director]]
|[[Bala (director)|Bala]]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan=3|<ref>{{Cite news |year=2002 |title=The 49th Annual Filmfare Awards – South {{!}} Nominees |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/sthnom.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419010312/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/sthnom.html |archive-date=19 April 2015 |access-date=8 January 2025 |work=[[Indiatimes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2002 |title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921025343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-06/hyderabad/27122602_1_filmfare-film-award-actor-award |archive-date=21 September 2012 |access-date=2 June 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Tamil Actress in Lead Role]]
|[[Laila (actress)|Laila]]
| rowspan="6" {{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer]]
|[[R. Rathnavelu]]
|-
|rowspan=4|2001 [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Best Film (Special Prize)]]
|''Nandhaa''
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan=4|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2008 |title=State Government awards for 2000–2002 |url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/n/i/tamil/824/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222085109/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/n/i/tamil/824/ |archive-date=22 December 2008 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=Music India Online}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor in Lead Role]]
|[[Suriya]]
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]
|R. Rathnavelu
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Male)|Best Actor in Supporting Role]]
|[[Rajkiran]]
|-
| rowspan="9" |3rd Pace Awards
|Best Actor
|Suriya
| rowspan="9" {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2002 |title=All conquering Nandaa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/all-conquering-nandaa/article28601266.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017030713/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/all-conquering-nandaa/article28601266.ece |archive-date=17 October 2020 |access-date=14 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress
|Laila
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Rajkiran
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajshree]]
|-
|Best New Face Comedy Actor
|[[Karunas]]
|-
|Best Cinematographer
|R. Rathnavelu
|-
|Best Male Playback Singer
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Best Dubbing Artiste
|[[Savitha Radhakrishnan|Savitha]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002 [[Cinema Express Awards]]
| Best Director
| Bala
| rowspan="3" {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/22/stories/2002122206330300.htm |title='Kannathil Muthamittal' bags 6 Cinema Express awards |access-date=5 February 2018 |archive-date=7 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607071034/http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/22/stories/2002122206330300.htm |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=2002-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Best Popular Actor
| Suriya
|-
| Best Lyricist
| [[Thamarai]]
|}

== Other versions ==
In 2004, ''Nandhaa'' was to be remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] starring [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]] and [[Anu Mehta]], but the film was later dropped.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2004 |title=Muhurat Function – Production No.3 – Sri Mahaganapathy Films |url=https://idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-nanda.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812063044/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-nanda.html |archive-date=12 August 2020 |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> Instead it was dubbed and released in the language at least twice; as ''Aakrosham'' (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=7 September 2022 |title=Sinam's Telugu version gets a powerful title, producer confident of its success in Telugu states |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sinams-telugu-version-gets-a-powerful-title-producer-confident-of-its-success-in-telugu-states/e0bb39a32b183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928191221/https://www.ottplay.com/news/sinams-telugu-version-gets-a-powerful-title-producer-confident-of-its-success-in-telugu-states/e0bb39a32b183 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> and as ''Bala-Surya''. This version was released by Nagamalla Shankar in 2011, shortly after the release of Bala's ''[[Avan Ivan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2011 |title=Suriya's Nandha to be dubbed in Telugu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Suriyas-Nandha-to-be-dubbed-in-Telugu/articleshow/8936103.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101230844/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-21/news-interviews/29682709_1_film-telugu-yuvan-shankar-raja |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-21 |title=Suriya Power in Andhra! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-power-in-andhra-news-tamil-lgvs12fceai.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624062917/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-power-in-andhra-news-tamil-lgvs12fceai.html |archive-date=2011-06-24 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Karunas' character in the film, "Lodukku Pandi", inspired the title of a 2015 film starring him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2015 |title=An emotional climax for Loduku Pandi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/An-emotional-climax-for-Loduku-Pandi/articleshow/46066844.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032402/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/An-emotional-climax-for-Loduku-Pandi/articleshow/46066844.cms |archive-date=22 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Bala (director)}}

[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 action drama films]]
[[Category:2001 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about filicide]]
[[Category:Films about mother–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about patricide]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bala (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

S. L. Puram Sadanandan

2026-03-19T03:36:25Z

MohammedMathieu: refine section per sources

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter}}
{{More citations needed|date= May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{infobox person
| name = S. L. Puram Sadanandan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|04|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = S. L. Puram, [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British India]] (present day Alappuzha, Kerala, India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2005|09|17|1928|04|15}}
| spouse = Omana
| children = 2 (incl. S. L. Puram Jayasurya)
}}

'''S. L. Puram Sadanandan''' (15 April 1928 – 17 September 2005) was an Indian playwright and film scriptwriter from [[Kerala]], [[India]].

==Career==

In 1967, he got the first ever [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]] for the film ''[[Agniputhri]]''.<ref name="nationalaward">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/15th_nff_1967.pdf|title=15th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=17 November 2019|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="National Awards Winners 1967: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1967">{{cite news|last1=The Times of India|first1=Entertainment|title=National Awards Winners 1967: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1967|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1967/108|accessdate=11 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324034914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1967/108|archivedate=24 March 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Sadanandan was married to Omana Sadanandan and had two sons, Jayasurya (who directed the films ''Speed Track'', ''[[Angel John]]'' and Jack & Daniel) and Jayasoma. He died on 17 September 2005.<ref>Mohammed Ashraf (19 September 2005). [https://www.arabnews.com/node/273242 "Kerala Pays Homage To Savankutty, Sadanandan"]. ''Arab News''. Retrieved 17 November 2019.</ref>

==Awards==
* 1965: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]] - ''[[Kavyamela]]''<ref name="nationalaward2">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf|title=13th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=17 November 2019|format=PDF}}</ref>
* 1967: [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]] - ''[[Agniputhri]]''<ref name="nationalaward"/>
* 1995: [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-ksna/457|title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship: Drama|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* 1991: [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-a-ksna/465 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Drama |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>

The [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] has instituted an annual award, ''S. L. Puram Sadanandan Memorial Puraskaram'', for recognising outstanding contributions to [[Malayalam theatre]].<ref name="S. L. Puram Sadanandan Memorial Award Winners :: Thiraseela.com">{{Cite web |url=http://thiraseela.com/main/awardDetail.php?id=106 |title=S. L. Puram Sadanandan Memorial Award | website=thiraseela.com |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''[[Chemmeen]]''
*''[[Vilakuranja Manushyan]]''
*''[[Agniputhri]]''
*''[[Kallu Kondoru Pennu]]''
*''[[Kattukuthira]]''
*''[[Yavanika]]''
*''[[Kavyamela]]''
*''[[Bhagyamudra]]''
*''[[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Kaadu]]''
*''[[Nellu (1974 film)|Nellu]]''
*''[[Pathamudayam]]''
*''[[Ivide Thudangunnu]]''
*''[[Aadhya Paadam]]''
*''[[Navavadhu]]''
*''[[Karthika (film)|Karthika]]''
*''[[Babumon (film)|Babumon]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=0755421}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060915180505/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/18/stories/2005091808430500.htm S.L. Puram Sadanandan cremated]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060906122550/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/18/stories/2005091808460500.htm A communist who became doyen of theatre]

{{NationalFilmAwardBestScreenplay}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sadanandan, S. L. Puram}}
[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Best Original Screenplay National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-17T09:43:20Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Indian state election}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 2016
| next_election = 2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2026
| election_date = 27 March – 29 April 2021 (292 seats) 30 September 2021 (2 remaining seats)
| seats_for_election = 294 seats in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 148
| registered = 73,414,746<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14106-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021-including-ac-56-58/|title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal, 2021|work=Election Commission of India|accessdate=18 February 2026}}</ref>
| turnout = 82.30% ({{decrease}} 0.72 [[Percentage point|pp]])
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ms. Mamata Banerjee, in Kolkata on July 17, 2018 (cropped) (cropped).JPG|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| party1 = Trinamool Congress
| leaders_seat1 = [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]] ''(lost)''<ref name=210Nandigram>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2 May 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]] ''(By-elected)''<ref name=Constituencywise>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/ConstituencywiseS25159.htm?ac=159|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003142939/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/ConstituencywiseS25159.htm?ac=159|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_since1 = 1998
| last_election1 = 44.91% votes 211 seats
| alliance1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
| seats1 = '''215'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 4
| popular_vote1 = '''28,968,281'''
| percentage1 = '''48.02%'''
| swing1 = {{up}} 3.11 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Dilip Ghosh.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=15|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leaders_seat2 = ''Did not contest''{{efn|Ghosh was the sitting MP for [[Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency|Medinipur]]}}
| leader_since2 = 2015
| last_election2 = 10.16% votes 3 seats
| alliance2 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats2 = 77
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 74
| popular_vote2 = 22,905,474
| percentage2 = 38.15%
| swing2 = {{up}} 27.99 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election Result Map.svg|300px]]|Partywise result|[[File:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise Result.svg|300px]]|Alliance wise result}}
| map_size =
| map_caption = Map of the election results
| map2_image = 2021 India West Bengal Legislative Assembly.svg
| map2_size = 300px
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] after election
| title = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| before_party = Trinamool Congress
| after_election = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| after_party = Trinamool Congress
| posttitle = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] after election
| outgoing_members = [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election#Results by Constituency|outgoing members]]
| elected_members = 17th West Bengal Assembly
| opinion_polls = 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election#Opinion poll
}}

The '''2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election''' was the 17th quinquennial [[List of Indian state legislative assembly elections|legislative election]] held in [[Elections in West Bengal|West Bengal]], to elect [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|all 294 members]] of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. This electoral process of 292 seats unfolded between [[2021 elections in India|27 March to 29 April 2021]], taking place in eight phases.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-preparing-blueprint-for-2021-west-bengal-polls/articleshow/69710607.cms|title=BJP preparing blueprint for 2021 West Bengal polls|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 June 2019|access-date=17 October 2019|archive-date=19 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819210157/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-preparing-blueprint-for-2021-west-bengal-polls/articleshow/69710607.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Voting for the two remaining constituencies was delayed to 30 September 2021.<ref name=bypoll>{{cite news |title=EC announces bypoll schedule for 3 West Bengal seats, relief for Mamata Banerjee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/election-commission-of-india-to-hold-by-election-in-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency-on-september-30/articleshow/85921418.cms|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2021|website=The Times of India|date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904075845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/election-commission-of-india-to-hold-by-election-in-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency-on-september-30/articleshow/85921418.cms |archive-date=4 September 2021 }}</ref>

The incumbent [[Trinamool Congress]] government led by [[Mamata Banerjee]] won the election by a landslide, despite [[opinion poll]]s generally predicting a close race against the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], which became the official opposition with 77 seats.<ref name="West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Financial Express |title=West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/ |access-date=9 December 2022 |date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209102345/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/ |archive-date=9 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> For the first time in the history of [[Bengal]], no members from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Communist Party of India|Communist party]] were elected since independence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-03 |title=No Left and Congress MLA in Bengal assembly for the first time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/no-left-and-congress-mla-in-bengal-assembly-for-the-first-time-101619986019523.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324094214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/no-left-and-congress-mla-in-bengal-assembly-for-the-first-time-101619986019523.html |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Don't Want To See Them As Zero": Mamata Banerjee On Left In Bengal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-on-left-in-west-bengal-dont-want-to-see-them-as-zero-2427322 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
=== Electoral system ===
Outlined in Article 168 of the [[Constitution of India]], the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the only house of the [[Unicameralism|unicameral legislature]] of [[West Bengal]], not a permanent body, and subject to [[Dissolution (politics)|dissolution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Article 168 in The Constitution Of India 1949|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1555093/|access-date=13 October 2020|website=Indiankanoon.org|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218182338/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1555093/|url-status=live}}</ref> The assembly term lasts for five years unless it is dissolved earlier. [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] are directly elected by the people, and the tenure of the Sixteenth West Bengal Legislative Assembly was scheduled to end on 30 May 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of the Houses|url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|access-date=5 March 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Previous general election ===
In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election#Result|2016 election]], the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC or TMC) retained its majority in the Legislative Assembly with 211 seats. The [[Indian National Congress]] won 44 seats and the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won 33 seats from their alliance, while the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] won 3 seats each out of the total 294 seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=West Bangal General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3469-west-bangal-general-legislative-election-2016/ |access-date=17 October 2019 |archive-date=15 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515063307/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3469-west-bangal-general-legislative-election-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Political developments ===
Since the [[by-election]]s held for the [[Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency|Kanthi South seat]] in 2017, it became evident that the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) had overtaken the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] as the primary opposition party in the state.<ref name="Romita Datta"/> According to various [[Political science|political analysts]], the shifting of the Left Front and other opposition voters towards the BJP caused the party's vote share to significantly increase.<ref>{{cite web|last=MN|first=Parth|date=31 March 2021|title=Why ex-communists are joining Modi's BJP in India's West Bengal|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/31/why-ex-communists-are-joining-modis-bjp-in-indias-west-bengal|access-date=2 April 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401111034/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/31/why-ex-communists-are-joining-modis-bjp-in-indias-west-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sahay|first=Mohan|date=10 March 2021|title=View: Left helping BJP by default in West Bengal|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/view-left-helping-bjp-by-default-in-west-bengal/articleshow/81432277.cms|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411085103/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/view-left-helping-bjp-by-default-in-west-bengal/articleshow/81432277.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In spite of widespread violence, the BJP emerged as the second largest party in the [[2018 West Bengal local elections|2018 elections]] to the state [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] mainly due to the shifting of the Left Front's voter base. The long-held stereotype of [[Bengali Hindus]] being averse to right-wing politics was shattered when the BJP won the [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018 assembly elections in Tripura]], another Indian state with a Bengali Hindu majority, ruled till then by [[Left Front (Tripura)|CPI(M)-led alliance of Communist parties]] since 1993.

[[File:2019 West Bengal Lok Sabha Election Assembly Wise Leads Map.svg|thumb|Results of the 2019 Lok Sabha elections in West Bengal broken down into Vidhan Sabha level]]

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
![[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016 West Bengal Vidhan Sabha election]]
!2016 voteshare
![[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal Vidhan Sabha segments]] (as of 2019 India Lok Sabha election)<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/numbers-point-to-tough-fight-ahead-in-bengal-assembly-polls/articleshow/69490110.cms Lok Sabha results: Numbers point to tough fight ahead in West Bengal assembly polls]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PC and AC wise Result {{!}} Chief Electoral Officer - (CEO), West Bengal|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Election/Parliament/2019/PCTLIST_RESULT_2019.html|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref>
!2019 voteshare
!Change in seats
!Change in voteshare (in terms of [[Percentage point|pp]])
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 3
| 10.16%
| 121
| 40.7%
| {{increase}} 118
| {{increase}} 30.54
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 44
| 12.25%
| 9
| 5.67%
| {{decrease}} 35
| {{decrease}} 6.58
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
![[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| 211
| 44.91%
| 164
| 43.3%
| {{decrease}} 47
| {{decrease}} 1.61
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}"|
![[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]
| 32
| 19.75%
| 0
| 6.33%
| {{decrease}} 32
| {{decrease}} 13.42
|-
|bgcolor=#FAF8FA|
! Others
| 1
| 2.26%
| 0
| ''NA''
| {{decrease}} 1
| ''NA''
|-
|}

In the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 general elections]], the BJP increased its number of [[Lok Sabha]] seats from 2 to 18, and took 40% of the vote share, an increase from 11% in the 2016 elections. [[Trinamool Congress]] (TMC) was reduced from 34 to 22 seats, [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) was reduced from 4 to 2 seats, and for the first time since their individual inceptions, no party from the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] (namely [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] and [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]) was able to win a single seat from the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election results 2019 West Bengal: TMC winds 22 seats, faces stiff battle from BJP |newspaper=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/west-bengal-wb-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-1532372-2019-05-23 |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613203228/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/west-bengal-wb-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-1532372-2019-05-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the best ever performance of the BJP in the state (where it had never won more than 2 seats) in terms of both seats and voteshare. Public anger towards corruption and hooliganism of a section of TMC [[Cadre (politics)|cadres]] in rural areas during the 2018 panchayat elections, religious polarisation by BJP fueled by resentment of a section of [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] society towards [[Mamata Banerjee]]'s tactics of Muslim appeasement,<ref>{{cite web|last=ভট্টাচার্য|first=দেবাশিস|title=এটা যে অশনি সঙ্কেত, মমতা কি মানবেন?|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/general-election-results-2019-will-mamata-banerjee-accept-this-result-as-a-warning-for-tmc-1.996629|access-date=28 September 2021|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071504/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/general-election-results-2019-will-mamata-banerjee-accept-this-result-as-a-warning-for-tmc-1.996629|url-status=live}}</ref> and large scale support of the [[Rajbongshi people|Rajbongshi]] and [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua]] communities for [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|granting Indian citizenship to exclusively non-Muslim Bangladeshi immigrants]]<ref>{{cite web|last=মৈত্র|first=সীমাম্ত|title=তৃণমূল থেকে মুখ ফেরাল মতুয়া, বনগাঁয় জয়ী শান্তনু|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/general-election-results-2019-shantanu-tahkur-won-in-bongaon-1.996527|access-date=28 September 2021|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071501/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/general-election-results-2019-shantanu-tahkur-won-in-bongaon-1.996527|url-status=live}}</ref> over fears of a demographic change fuelled by infiltration of undocumented Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh, allegedly supported by Mamata Banerjee have been cited as important reasons behind the rise of BJP in West Bengal alongside the decline of Left Front.

With [[Narendra Modi]] becoming the only non-Congress [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] to remain in power for two consecutive terms (amounting to ten years) without depending on the support of the [[National Democratic Alliance]], and the BJP fulfilling the wish of its founder [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee|Shyamaprasad Mukherjee]]{{efn|name=f|[[Syama Prasad Mukherjee|Shyamaprasad Mukherjee]] was initially a member of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]]. After the Mahasabha became unpopular due to its involvement in the [[assassination of Mahatma Gandhi]], Mukherjee formed a new Hindu right-wing party called [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (BJS). During the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency era]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] merged the BJS with other parties to form the [[Janata Party]]. Following disagreements with [[Morarji Desai]] over his [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) membership, Vajpayee broke away from the Janata Party and re-created the BJS under the name of BJP. Although Vajpayee is the legal founder of BJP, the party sees itself as a continuation of BJS and thus considers Mukherjee to be the founder of BJP.}} by [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revoking the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ek desh mein do vidhan nahi chalenge: BJP realises founder Shyama Prasad Mukherjee's dream|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ek-desk-mein-do-vidhan-nahi-chaleinge-bjp-realises-founder-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-dream-1577345-2019-08-05|access-date=28 September 2021|website=India Today|date=5 August 2019 |language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071500/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/ek-desk-mein-do-vidhan-nahi-chaleinge-bjp-realises-founder-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-dream-1577345-2019-08-05|url-status=live}}</ref> and long standing promise of resolving the [[Ayodhya dispute]] in favour of [[Hindus]], the party considered the formation of a BJP-led [[Government of West Bengal|state government in West Bengal]] (a state which has historically never voted for right-wing parties in large numbers) for the first time as a means of paying homage to Mukherjee, who hailed from there. A BJP victory in West Bengal would have also demoralised Mamata Banerjee's attempts of creating a non-BJP non-Congress alliance of regional parties that might play an important role in the upcoming general elections.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=Explained: Bengal defeat robs BJP of planks, boosts Mamata, federal pushback|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bengal-defeat-robs-bjp-of-planks-boosts-mamata-federal-pushback-7299659/|access-date=28 September 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071500/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bengal-defeat-robs-bjp-of-planks-boosts-mamata-federal-pushback-7299659/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opposition parties likely to form Federal Front following poll results|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/050521/oppn-parties-likely-to-form-federal-front-following-poll-results.html|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071504/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/nation/politics/050521/oppn-parties-likely-to-form-federal-front-following-poll-results.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

BJP increased their seats in the assembly from 3 to 53 when the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] was dissolved through defections from TMC, INC, and Left Front leaders, and by-elections from [[2016–21 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections|2016 to 2021]]. A prominent defector in December 2020 was [[Suvendu Adhikari]],<ref name=1751135./> who was a long-time associate of Mamata Banerjee, and a state cabinet minister who was dissatisfied over the rising influence of her nephew [[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]] in the party. However, Adhikari revealed that he was in contact with the BJP since 2014 after he joined the party.<ref>{{cite web|title=BJP will form next government in Bengal: Suvendu Adhikari|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-will-form-next-government-in-bengal-suvendu-adhikari/articleshow/79813465.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=19 December 2020|access-date=16 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202216/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-will-form-next-government-in-bengal-suvendu-adhikari/articleshow/79813465.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> His father [[Sisir Adhikari]], the MP from [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency|Kanthi]], also defected from TMC to BJP.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2021|title=TMC MP Sisir Adhikari joins BJP at Amit shah's rally|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/tmc-mp-sisir-adhikari-joins-bjp-at-amit-shahs-rally/articleshow/81615490.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020080907/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/tmc-mp-sisir-adhikari-joins-bjp-at-amit-shahs-rally/articleshow/81615490.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Another cabinet minister, [[Rajib Banerjee]], also joined BJP.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 January 2021|title=Bengal ex-minister Rajib Banerjee, former TMC leaders join BJP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajib-banerjee-other-former-tmc-leaders-join-bjp-in-delhi/articleshow/80604775.cms|access-date=22 October 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022180630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajib-banerjee-other-former-tmc-leaders-join-bjp-in-delhi/articleshow/80604775.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, the TMC won the [[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar seat]] from BJP and [[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj seat]] from the INC, while retaining the [[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur seat]] in the by-polls held later in 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/by-election-results-2019-live-its-3-0-in-bengal-as-mamatas-tmc-sweeps-kaliaganj-kharagpur-sadar-and-karimpur-2403449.html|title=By-election Results 2019: It's 3-0 in Bengal as Mamata's TMC Sweeps Kaliaganj, Kharagpur-Sadar and Karimpur|website=news18.com|date=28 November 2019|access-date=17 August 2021|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085755/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/by-election-results-2019-live-its-3-0-in-bengal-as-mamatas-tmc-sweeps-kaliaganj-kharagpur-sadar-and-karimpur-2403449.html|url-status=live}}</ref> after Abhishek Banerjee employed [[Prashant Kishor]] as the election strategist of Trinamool Congress for the upcoming polls. Elections to [[Municipal governance in India|municipal bodies]] of West Bengal (which include 112 [[Cities and towns in West Bengal#Municipality|municipalities]]{{efn|name=municipalities|Apart from these, an announcement about two new municipalities was made in October 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 February 2021|title=Push for two new municipalities in Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/push-for-two-new-municipalities-in-jalpaiguri-and-alipurduar/cid/1806535|work=The Telegraph|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193025/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/push-for-two-new-municipalities-in-jalpaiguri-and-alipurduar/cid/1806535|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 October 2021|title=রাজ্যে ২ নয়া পুরসভা|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=325686&P=2&nPID=20211023|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193024/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=325686&P=2&nPID=20211023|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bally Municipality]] was re-established on 12 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 November 2021|title=Civic polls in Kol & Howrah on Dec 19|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/civic-polls-in-kol-howrah-on-dec-19-458343|work=Millennium Post|access-date=12 November 2021|last1=Mp|first1=Team|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112092615/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/civic-polls-in-kol-howrah-on-dec-19-458343|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2021|title=Bally Municipality: হাওড়া পুরসভা থেকে আলাদা হয়ে গেল বালি|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/district/west-bengal-assembly-bally-municipality-excluded-from-howrah-municipal-corporation-846407|work=ABP Ananda|language=bn|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112070909/https://bengali.abplive.com/district/west-bengal-assembly-bally-municipality-excluded-from-howrah-municipal-corporation-846407|url-status=live}}</ref>}} and the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporations]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Kolkata]], [[Howrah Municipal Corporation|Howrah]], [[Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation|Bidhannagar]], [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation|Chandannagar]], [[Asansol Municipal Corporation|Asansol]] and [[Siliguri Municipal Corporation|Siliguri]]) could not be held as scheduled in 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].

== Political issues ==

=== COVID-19 ===
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal}}
The pandemic became an election issue.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Tewari|first=Ruhi|date=5 May 2020|title=Mamata's Covid politics is benefiting Modi and West Bengal's election isn't that far|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/mamatas-covid-politics-is-benefiting-modi-and-west-bengals-election-isnt-that-far/414264/|access-date=30 September 2020|website=ThePrint|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928180530/https://theprint.in/opinion/mamatas-covid-politics-is-benefiting-modi-and-west-bengals-election-isnt-that-far/414264/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government was accused of "fudging" the count of positive cases and deaths in the region,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Team |first1=Theprint |date=6 May 2020|title=How can Mamata Banerjee's TMC recover lost political ground after 'fudging' Covid numbers?|url=https://theprint.in/talk-point/how-can-mamata-banerjees-tmc-recover-lost-political-ground-after-fudging-covid-numbers/415657/|access-date=30 September 2020|website=ThePrint|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730002902/https://theprint.in/talk-point/how-can-mamata-banerjees-tmc-recover-lost-political-ground-after-fudging-covid-numbers/415657/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the AITC-led state government and BJP-led union government blamed each other for the surge in COVID-19 infections over the course of the campaign.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 April 2021|title=TMC, BJP blame game over spiralling Covid-19 cases|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/tmc-bjp-blame-game-over-spiralling-covid-19-cases/article34359511.ece|access-date=21 April 2021|website=@businessline|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421163822/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/tmc-bjp-blame-game-over-spiralling-covid-19-cases/article34359511.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The BJP accused Mamata Banerjee of not attending COVID-19 emergency management meetings held during the months of election campaigning, despite the second wave of infections,<ref>{{cite web|last=Ranjan|first=Abhinav|date=21 April 2021|title=Mamata faces reality check from BJP day after questioning Centre's vaccine policy|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bjp-slams-mamata-banerjee-covid19-cases-vaccine-west-bengal-699337|access-date=22 April 2021|website=India TV|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422150821/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bjp-slams-mamata-banerjee-covid19-cases-vaccine-west-bengal-699337|url-status=live}}</ref> and for also holding election rallies. Sanjukta Morcha held the first [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Brigade]] rally ahead of polling in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 February 2021|title=Huge crowd at first joint rally of Left-Cong-ISF in Kolkata, no consensus yet over seat-sharing|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/huge-crowd-at-first-joint-rally-of-left-cong-isf-in-kolkata-no-consensus-yet-over-seat-sharing20210228200310|work=ANI|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114102928/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/huge-crowd-at-first-joint-rally-of-left-cong-isf-in-kolkata-no-consensus-yet-over-seat-sharing20210228200310/|url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-April, TMC requested holding the remaining phases of the elections in a single phase amid the rising number of COVID cases,<ref>{{cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=We want remaining elections in West Bengal to be held in one phase: TMC|url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/we-want-remaining-elections-in-west-bengal-to-be-held-in-one-phase-tmc-11618571842733.html|website=Livemint|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181833/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/we-want-remaining-elections-in-west-bengal-to-be-held-in-one-phase-tmc/amp-11618571842733.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but it was rejected by the Election Commission of India (ECI).<ref>{{cite web|date=22 April 2021|title=EC rejects TMC, Congress requests to tweak West Bengal poll dates|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/ec-tmc-west-bengal-polls-club-remaining-phases-7283512/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182525/https://indianexpress.com/elections/ec-tmc-west-bengal-polls-club-remaining-phases-7283512/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cyclone Amphan===
{{Main|Cyclone Amphan}}
[[File:Post Cyclone Amphan situation of Deshbandhu park in Kolkata 18.jpg|240px|thumb|Post-Cyclone Amphan situation of Deshbandhu park in Kolkata]]

In May 2020, a year before the 2021 elections, Cyclone Amphan hit the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bose|first=Pratim Ranjan|title=How Cyclone Amphan adds a new twist to the West Bengal elections|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/how-cyclone-amphan-adds-a-new-twist-to-the-west-bengal-elections/article31657909.ece|access-date=30 September 2020|website=@businessline|date=23 May 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134138/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/how-cyclone-amphan-adds-a-new-twist-to-the-west-bengal-elections/article31657909.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=A tale of two disasters: Amphan and COVID-19 have dented Mamata's political dominance in West Bengal|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/columns/article/a-tale-of-twin-disasters-amphan-and-covid-19-have-dented-mamata-s-political-dominance-in-west-bengal/597204|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Times Now|date=26 May 2020|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202103422/https://www.timesnownews.com/columns/article/a-tale-of-twin-disasters-amphan-and-covid-19-have-dented-mamata-s-political-dominance-in-west-bengal/597204|url-status=live}}</ref> After it passed, widespread allegations of mismanagement<ref>{{cite web|date=30 May 2020|title=Political storm in TMC over post cyclone mismanagement|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/political-storm-tmc-post-cyclone-mismanagement|access-date=30 September 2020|website=The Sunday Guardian Live|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127213644/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/political-storm-tmc-post-cyclone-mismanagement|url-status=live}}</ref> and relief scam were reported.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Suhrid Sankar|title=Amphan: Relief as disaster|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article32005158.ece|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Frontline|date=6 July 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927145601/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article32005158.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Das|first=Madhuparna|date=30 June 2020|title=Mamata govt now in trouble over Amphan relief 'scam', after cut-money and PDS corruption|url=https://theprint.in/india/mamata-govt-now-in-trouble-over-amphan-relief-scam-after-cut-money-and-pds-corruption/451774/|access-date=30 September 2020|website=ThePrint|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924153511/https://theprint.in/india/mamata-govt-now-in-trouble-over-amphan-relief-scam-after-cut-money-and-pds-corruption/451774/|url-status=live}}</ref> Protests broke out in some districts over the allegations,<ref>{{cite news|title=Cyclone 'Amphan': Protests across Kolkata as power, water crisis continues|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone/han-protests-across-kolkata-as-power-water-crisis-continues/articleshow/75918222.cms|access-date=30 September 2020|website=The Times of India|date=23 May 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222022240/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone-amphan-protests-across-kolkata-as-power-water-crisis-continues/articleshow/75918222.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Protests over Cyclone Amphan relief distribution continue in many WB areas|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Outlook India|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128170352/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/protests-over-cyclone-amphan-relief-distribution-continue-in-many-wb-areas/1877567|url-status=live}}</ref> and the opposition made it an election issue ahead of the Assembly polls.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 June 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan a catalyst for BJP's new poll strategy in Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/cyclone-amphan-a-catalyst-for-bjp-s-new-poll-strategy-in-bengal/story-DiVooywHBfaZryEjvleP9L.html|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918070718/https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/cyclone-amphan-a-catalyst-for-bjp-s-new-poll-strategy-in-bengal/story-DiVooywHBfaZryEjvleP9L.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Suhrid Sankar|title=Bengal opposition leaders meet Central team, raise concerns over cyclone relief distribution|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article31769047.ece|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Frontline|date=6 June 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927000015/https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article31769047.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Citizenship, immigration and refugee issues ===
In 2019, the BJP-led Union Government passed the CAA in Parliament, promising citizenship to immigrants and [[refugee]]s belonging to [[Freedom of religion in Bangladesh|religious minorities]] in [[Bangladesh]], and providing them with rehabilitation.<ref name="Romita Datta">Romita Datta, [https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-no-one-will-douse-the-caa-fire-in-bengal-1635533-2020-01-10 Why no one will douse the CAA fire in Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205074028/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-no-one-will-douse-the-caa-fire-in-bengal-1635533-2020-01-10 |date=5 February 2020 }}, India Today, 10 January 2020.</ref><ref name="Kaushik Deka">Kaushik Deka, [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20200120-who-is-not-a-citizen-1635189-2020-01-10 Who is (not) a citizen?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204124746/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20200120-who-is-not-a-citizen-1635189-2020-01-10 |date=4 February 2020 }}, India Today, 10 January 2020.</ref> The BJP's Bengali booklet released in January 2020 claimed that the [[National Register of Citizens]] was implemented to identify allegedly undocumented illegal [[Muslims|Muslim]] immigrants, but religiously persecuted [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Christians]], [[Jainism|Jains]], [[Parsis|Parsi]], and other religious minorities would be "shielded" by the CAA.<ref>[https://scroll.in/latest/949007/nationwide-nrc-in-pipeline-says-bjps-bengali-booklet-on-citizenship-law Amended citizenship law will shield Hindus when NRC will be rolled out, says BJP's Bengali booklet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306151701/https://scroll.in/latest/949007/nationwide-nrc-in-pipeline-says-bjps-bengali-booklet-on-citizenship-law |date=6 March 2021 }}, Scroll, 7 January 2020.</ref><ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nrc-next-says-bjps-bengali-booklet-on-caa/ NRC next, says BJP's Bengali booklet on CAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325000243/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nrc-next-says-bjps-bengali-booklet-on-caa/ |date=25 March 2020 }}, The Indian Express, 7 January 2020.</ref>

=== Other issues ===
Polarisation amongst various religious, [[Linguistics|linguistic]], and [[Caste system in India|caste]] communities were also likely to play a role in this election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polarisation politics peaks in Battleground Bengal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/video/polarisation-politics-peaks-in-battleground-bengal-1783688-2021-03-25|access-date=2 April 2021|website=India Today|date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326083011/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/video/polarisation-politics-peaks-in-battleground-bengal-1783688-2021-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref> Both TMC and BJP had promised schemes for various communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: Why I voted BJP? It's in my name, says voter|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-why-i-voted-bjp-its-in-my-name-says-voter/cid/1811319|access-date=2 April 2021|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=2 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402011942/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-why-i-voted-bjp-its-in-my-name-says-voter/cid/1811319|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal: India's PM Modi faces big electoral test|url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-west-bengal-elections-secularism/a-57020229|access-date=2 April 2021|website=amp.dw.com|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331042609/https://amp.dw.com/en/india-west-bengal-elections-secularism/a-57020229|url-status=live}}</ref> Although previously mobilized by Left governments against elites under the "class" narrative, the [[Dalit]]s of West Bengal began to assert their identity politically.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Subaltern Shift: Why Bengal is Talking About Castes This Election Season|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/the-subaltern-shift-why-bengal-is-talking-about-castes-this-election-season-3560060.html|access-date=2 April 2021|website=News18|date=22 March 2021|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322045539/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/the-subaltern-shift-why-bengal-is-talking-about-castes-this-election-season-3560060.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Sekhar|date=1 April 2021|title=The return of caste to Bengal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-caste-politics-bjp-tmc-7253385/|access-date=2 April 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401142508/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-caste-politics-bjp-tmc-7253385/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=TMC, BJP tussle to woo Dalits as Bengal politics sees class- to-caste shift|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/tmc-bjp-tussle-to-woo-dalits-as-bengal-politics-sees-class-to-caste-shift/articleshow/82044873.cms|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501161310/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/tmc-bjp-tussle-to-woo-dalits-as-bengal-politics-sees-class-to-caste-shift/articleshow/82044873.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Religious polarization is particularly intense in districts bordering Bangladesh, such as North 24 Parganas. Arguments regarding who are native to the state and constituencies were also likely to impact the elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengal polls 2021: 'Outsider' tag clings to BJP|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-outsider-tag-clings-to-bjp/cid/1811069|access-date=2 April 2021|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331034630/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-outsider-tag-clings-to-bjp/cid/1811069|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 April 2021|title=The 'daughter of Bengal' taking on India's PM|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56445375|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331152847/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56445375|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=In Nandigram, Mamata Banerjee Battles "Outsider" Tag|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-nandigram-mamata-banerjee-battles-outsider-tag-2387100|access-date=2 April 2021|website=NDTV|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327072042/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-nandigram-mamata-banerjee-battles-outsider-tag-2387100|url-status=live}}</ref> Dissatisfaction and defection of many TMC leaders to BJP, allegedly due to rising influence of Abhishek Banerjee and Kishor in party administration was also likely to impact the elections.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dutta|first=Prabhash K.|date=20 November 2020|title=Why BJP is not the only challenge Mamata Banerjee faces in Bengal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-faces-challenges-bjp-prashant-kishor-1742547-2020-11-20|access-date=20 November 2020|website=India Today|archive-date=20 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120080930/https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-faces-challenges-bjp-prashant-kishor-1742547-2020-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref>

An event was organised by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Cultural Affairs]] in [[Kolkata]]'s [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial]] to commemorate Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s 125th birth anniversary, which was attended by PM Narendra Modi and CM Mamata Banerjee among others. A large number of BJP activists were present in the crowd.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2021|title='জয় শ্রীরাম' স্লোগান: বিপাকে বিজেপি, ভাবমূর্তি ফেরাতে মরিয়া কেন্দ্রীয় নেতৃত্ব|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273139&P=1&nPID=20210125|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106220709/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273139&P=1&nPID=20210125|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 January 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee Heckling: BJP Had Cornered Invites To Event, Say Sources|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-heckling-at-victoria-memorial-bjp-had-cornered-invites-to-event-say-sources-2357569|work=NDTV|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106220703/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-heckling-at-victoria-memorial-bjp-had-cornered-invites-to-event-say-sources-2357569|url-status=live}}</ref> Just as Banerjee got up to speak, BJP supporters started chanting "[[Jai Shri Ram]]" which prompted the CM to abandon her speech.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 January 2021|title='Don't Invite & Insult': Mamata Snaps Amid 'Jai Shri Ram' Chants|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-snaps-at-crowd-jai-shree-ram-chants-victoria-memorial|work=The Quint|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106220703/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-snaps-at-crowd-jai-shree-ram-chants-victoria-memorial|url-status=live}}</ref> This incident led to a political slugfest between the BJP and the TMC ahead of the upcoming elections. Meanwhile, Bengal BJP president [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]] made controversial remarks about Netaji.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 January 2021|title='নেতাজিকে নিয়ে রাজনীতি করবই, বাপের হিম্মত থাকলে আটকাক', ফের বিতর্কিত মন্তব্য দিলীপের|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/i-will-do-politics-with-netaji-subhash-chandra-bose-says-dilip-ghosh/|work=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106224505/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/i-will-do-politics-with-netaji-subhash-chandra-bose-says-dilip-ghosh/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mamata claimed that the BJP had "insulted Netaji and [[Bengal]]" by their actions.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2021|title=বাংলাকে অপমান, আজ জবাব মমতার {{!}} পুরশুড়ায় জনসভার দিকে তাকিয়ে রাজ্য|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273156&P=1&nPID=20210125|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106224455/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273156&P=1&nPID=20210125|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 January 2021|title=BJP insulted Netaji, Bengal: Mamata on 'Jai Shri Ram' chants at Victoria Memorial event|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-netaji-event-victoria-memorial-jai-shri-ram-bjp-7160826/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106220655/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-netaji-event-victoria-memorial-jai-shri-ram-bjp-7160826/|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP leadership criticised Banerjee while the Left Front and the Congress backed her and condemned the BJP for the incident of Victoria Memorial.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 January 2021|title=মোদির মঞ্চে অপমানিত মমতা {{!}} বিজেপির নোংরামিতেও নীরব প্রধানমন্ত্রী|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=272955&P=1&nPID=20210124|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106222553/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=272955&P=1&nPID=20210124|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2021|title=প্রধানমন্ত্রী কেন নীরব ছিলেন, প্রশ্ন সোনিয়ার|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273157&P=1&nPID=20210125|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106221926/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=273157&P=1&nPID=20210125|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Row over Mamata Banerjee refusing to speak after 'Jai Shri Ram' chants: Who said what|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/row-over-mamata-banerjee-refusing-to-speak-after-jai-shri-ram-chants-who-said-what/articleshow/80455740.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107031026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/row-over-mamata-banerjee-refusing-to-speak-after-jai-shri-ram-chants-who-said-what/articleshow/80455740.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Not only political personalities but also non-political people from different levels of the society, including Netaji's grandnephew [[Sugata Bose]], condemned the incident of chanting [[wikt:religiopolitical|religiopolitical]] slogans by BJP supporters which was unlikely for an apolitical event dedicated to Netaji.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 January 2021|title=সরকারি অনুষ্ঠানে 'জয় শ্রীরাম' স্লোগান {{!}} বিজেপির বিরুদ্ধে গর্জে উঠল রাজনৈতিক মহল থেকে সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=272979&P=1&nPID=20210124|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106222229/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=272979&P=1&nPID=20210124|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 January 2021|title=Kolkata: 'Loved Netaji show but don't support Jai Shri Ram chants'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/loved-netaji-show-but-dont-support-jai-shri-ram-chants/articleshow/80440150.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107031024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/loved-netaji-show-but-dont-support-jai-shri-ram-chants/articleshow/80440150.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 February 2021|title=Jai Shri Ram chants at Netaji Bhawan, Victoria Memorial inappropriate, says Subhas Chandra Bose's grandnephew|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/conclave-east-2021/story/jai-shri-ram-netaji-bhawan-inappropriate-subhas-chandra-bose-s-grandnephew-bjp-1768631-2021-02-12|work=India Today|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106220700/https://www.indiatoday.in/conclave-east-2021/story/jai-shri-ram-netaji-bhawan-inappropriate-subhas-chandra-bose-s-grandnephew-bjp-1768631-2021-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Schedule==
[[File:The Chief Election Commissioner, Shri Sunil Arora holding a press conference to announce the schedule for Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Puducherry Legislative Assembly Elections 2021, in New Delhi on February 26, 2021.jpg|thumb|The Chief Election Commissioner, [[Sunil Arora]] holding a press conference to announce the schedule for Legislative Assembly election of West Bengal along with [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]], [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]], [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]], and [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]], in [[New Delhi]] on 26 February 2021. The Election Commissioners, Sushil Chandra and Rajiv Kumar and the senior officials of ECI are also seen.|300px]]

The election schedule was announced on 26 February 2021, and the election was held in eight phases from 27 March 2021 to 29 April 2021. Votes were counted on 2 May 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 February 2021|title=Assembly Elections 2021 dates Live: EC announces poll dates for Bengal, Kerala, TN and Assam; counting on May 2|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/elections-2021-date-announcement-live-updates-assembly-poll-schedule-assam-west-bengal-kerala-tamil-nadu-puducherry-7205832/|access-date=26 February 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226161031/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/elections-2021-date-announcement-live-updates-assembly-poll-schedule-assam-west-bengal-kerala-tamil-nadu-puducherry-7205832/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 February 2021|title=West Bengal election dates 2021: Eight-phase polling to start on March 27, results on May 2|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-election-date-2021-polling-to-start-on-march-27-results-on-may-2/articleshow/81227925.cms|access-date=26 February 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226135335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-election-date-2021-polling-to-start-on-march-27-results-on-may-2/articleshow/81227925.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On the day of announcement, the ECI declared that physically disabled and elderly voters would get the benefit of [[postal voting]] and the time limit for voting was extended by one hour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rkc1nL9lpY|title=আজকের সেরা পনেরোটি খবর একসাথে|via=YouTube|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629220743/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rkc1nL9lpY|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Election Commission extends polling time by 30 minutes for first phase of West Bengal elections|url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/election-commission-extends-polling-time-by-30-minutes-for-first-phase-of-bengal-elections-11614676729300.html|website=Livemint|date=2 March 2021|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918100922/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/election-commission-extends-polling-time-by-30-minutes-for-first-phase-of-bengal-elections/amp-11614676729300.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to polling abnormalities, re-polling for booth number 88 in [[Jangipara Assembly constituency|Jangipara]] was held in the fourth phase.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 April 2021|title=West Bengal Election 2021: 'TMC workers accompany voters inside polling booth', EC orders re-polling|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-election-2021-tmc-workers-accompany-voters-inside-polling-booth-ec-orders-re-polling/2229780/|access-date=9 April 2021|website=The Financial Express|archive-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409024452/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-election-2021-tmc-workers-accompany-voters-inside-polling-booth-ec-orders-re-polling/2229780/|url-status=live}}</ref> The elections in [[Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jangipur]] and [[Samserganj Assembly constituency|Samserganj]] were adjourned due to the death of the INC candidate in Samserganj and [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP) candidate in Jangipur.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=18 April 2021|title=EC puts off poll at Bengal's Jangipur and Samserganj seats following death of 2 candidates|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/ec-puts-off-poll-at-bengal-s-jangipur-seat-following-death-of-rsp-candidate-1792061-2021-04-17|access-date=20 April 2021|website=India Today|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420035040/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/ec-puts-off-poll-at-bengal-s-jangipur-seat-following-death-of-rsp-candidate-1792061-2021-04-17|url-status=live}}</ref> Polling for these two seats was originally rescheduled to 13 May 2021,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bypolls in two Murshidabad constituencies on May 13, Muslims seek change|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bypolls-in-murshidabads-samserganj-and-jangipur-on-may-13-muslims-seek-change/cid/1813119|access-date=20 April 2021|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420035051/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bypolls-in-murshidabads-samserganj-and-jangipur-on-may-13-muslims-seek-change/cid/1813119|url-status=live}}</ref> but as that day was Eid, it was pushed back to 16 May.<ref name="AB16May">{{cite web|last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |date=22 April 2021|title=Bengal Polls: করোনায় প্রার্থীর মৃত্যুতে সামশেরগঞ্জ এবং জঙ্গিপুরে ভোট পিছিয়ে ১৬ মে, জানাল কমিশন|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-election-commission-announces-new-date-of-polling-for-samserganj-and-jangipur-assembly-constituency-of-murshidabad-dgtl/cid/1277221|access-date=23 April 2021|website=Anandabazar|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423035026/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-election-commission-announces-new-date-of-polling-for-samserganj-and-jangipur-assembly-constituency-of-murshidabad-dgtl/cid/1277221|url-status=live}}</ref> Later on ECI adjourned polling for both constituencies and it took place on 30 September.<ref name=adjourned_poll/> Repolling at the Amtali Madhyamik Siksha Kendra polling station in [[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi]] was conducted on 29 April, after CISF personnel were fired on 10 April.<ref name=pib.gov.in>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1714901|title=Peaceful Polling concludes across 11,860 Polling Stations ins 35 ACs in last Phase of WB Elections – Repolling in Amtali Madhyamik Siksha Kendra polling station in 5-Sitalkuchi (SC)Assembly Constituency was also conducted today|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111526/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1714901|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Schedule
|-
! Rowspan=3|Poll event
! Colspan=9|Phase
|-
! I
! II
! III
! IV
! V
! VI
! VII
! VIII
! —
|-
|bgcolor=#FFF101|
|bgcolor=#CEAD56|
|bgcolor=#8FCB76|
|bgcolor=#C5CEE8|
|bgcolor=#E3A6CB|
|bgcolor=#9C85BD|
|bgcolor=#61A1D7|
|bgcolor=#91D6E3|
|
|-
! Map of constituencies and their phases
| colspan ="9"|[[File:West Bengal Legislative Assembly General Election 2021 -Phase wise (Updated).svg|center|600px]]
|-
! No. of constituencies
! 30
! 30
! 31
! 44
! 45
! 43
! 34
! 35
! 2
|-
|Date of issue of notification
|bgcolor=#FFF101| 2 March 2021
|bgcolor=#CEAD56| 5 March 2021
|bgcolor=#8FCB76| 12 March 2021
|bgcolor=#C5CEE8| 16 March 2021
|bgcolor=#E3A6CB| 23 March 2021
|bgcolor=#9C85BD| 26 March 2021
|bgcolor=#61A1D7| 31 March 2021
|bgcolor=#91D6E3| 31 March 2021
| —
|-
|Last date for filling nomination
|bgcolor=#FFF101| 9 March 2021
|bgcolor=#CEAD56| 12 March 2021
|bgcolor=#8FCB76| 19 March 2021
|bgcolor=#C5CEE8| 23 March 2021
|bgcolor=#E3A6CB| 30 March 2021
|bgcolor=#9C85BD| 3 April 2021
|bgcolor=#61A1D7| 7 April 2021
|bgcolor=#91D6E3| 7 April 2021
| 26 April 2021{{efn|name=fn1|For candidates only sponsored by the Indian National Congress in Samserganj<ref>{{cite web|title=ECI Revised Gazetted Notification 56-Samserganj|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/SAR_30.pdf|date=19 April 2021|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421045836/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/SAR_30.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and Revolutionary Socialist Party in Jangipur.<ref>{{cite web|title=ECI Revised Gazetted Notification 58-Jangipur|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/SAR_29.pdf|date=19 April 2021|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421045834/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/SAR_29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
|Scrutiny of nomination
|bgcolor=#FFF101| 11 March 2021
|bgcolor=#CEAD56| 15 March 2021
|bgcolor=#8FCB76| 20 March 2021
|bgcolor=#C5CEE8| 24 March 2021
|bgcolor=#E3A6CB| 31 March 2021
|bgcolor=#9C85BD| 5 April 2021
|bgcolor=#61A1D7| 8 April 2021
|bgcolor=#91D6E3| 8 April 2021
| 27 April 2021{{efn|name=fn1}}
|-
|Last date for withdrawal of nomination
|bgcolor=#FFF101| 12 March 2021
|bgcolor=#CEAD56| 17 March 2021
|bgcolor=#8FCB76| 22 March 2021
|bgcolor=#C5CEE8| 26 March 2021
|bgcolor=#E3A6CB| 3 April 2021
|bgcolor=#9C85BD| 7 April 2021
|bgcolor=#61A1D7| 12 April 2021
|bgcolor=#91D6E3| 12 April 2021
| 29 April 2021{{efn|name=fn1}}
|-
! Date of poll
| bgcolor=#FFF101| '''27 March 2021'''
| bgcolor=#CEAD56| '''1 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#8FCB76| '''6 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#C5CEE8| '''10 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#E3A6CB| '''17 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#9C85BD| '''22 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#61A1D7| '''26 April 2021'''
| bgcolor=#91D6E3| '''29 April 2021'''
| '''30 September 2021'''<ref name=bypoll/>
|-
! Date of counting of votes
! align=center Colspan=8| 2 May 2021
! 3 October 2021<ref name=bypoll/>
|}

== Parties and alliances==
{{main| Parties and alliances in 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election}}

=== All India Trinamool Congress+ ===
[[File:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election AITC Alliance Seat Sharing.svg|thumb|350x350px|Map of the seat sharing arrangements of the All India Trinamool Congress for the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]

Both factions of the [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] (GJM) expressed support for TMC in the assembly election.<ref name="hi">''The Telegraph''. ''[https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/hill-assembly-seats-set-for-bipolar-contest/cid/1801463 Hill Assembly seats set for bipolar contest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503071751/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/hill-assembly-seats-set-for-bipolar-contest/cid/1801463 |date=3 May 2021 }}''</ref> TMC allotted three seats in the Darjeeling to GJM, but its two factions, namely Bimal and Binoy, declared fielding their candidates in each of the three seats.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 March 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee sets aside 3 Darjeeling seats but GJM factions remain divided|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/mamata-banerjee-sets-aside-3-darjeeling-seats-but-gjm-factions-remain-divided-101614970698739.html|access-date=26 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326084401/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/mamata-banerjee-sets-aside-3-darjeeling-seats-but-gjm-factions-remain-divided-101614970698739.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]], [[Shiv Sena]], and [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] also endorsed Trinamool for the election.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 March 2021|title=Tejashwi Yadav meets Mamata Banerjee, offers full support in Bengal polls|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tejashwi-yadav-meets-mamata-banerjee-offers-full-support-in-bengal-polls-101614602762971.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114101222/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tejashwi-yadav-meets-mamata-banerjee-offers-full-support-in-bengal-polls-101614602762971.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 March 2021|title=Shiv Sena won't contest West Bengal polls, stand in solidarity with 'Bengal Tigress' Mamata: Sanjay Raut|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/shiv-sena-will-not-contest-west-bengal-polls-stand-in-solidarity-with-bengal-tigress-mamata-banerjee-sanjay-raut/727984|access-date=5 March 2021|website=Times Now|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304094811/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/shiv-sena-will-not-contest-west-bengal-polls-stand-in-solidarity-with-bengal-tigress-mamata-banerjee-sanjay-raut/727984|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=Hemant Soren lends his weight to Trinamool Congress, will campaign in West Bengal|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/hemant-soren-lends-his-weight-to-trinamool-congress-will-campaign-in-west-bengal|work=The National Herald|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114101223/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/hemant-soren-lends-his-weight-to-trinamool-congress-will-campaign-in-west-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref> TMC supported Independent candidate in Joypur after their candidate's nomination was cancelled.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=WB Election 2021: ভোটে অংশ নিতে পারবেন না জয়পুরের তৃণমূল প্রার্থী, ডিভিশন বেঞ্চে খারিজ সিঙ্গল বেঞ্চের নির্দেশ|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-2021-division-bench-rejected-election-commission-appeal-on-joypur-candidate-nomination-challenging-high-court-decision-805381|access-date=12 March 2021|website=ABP Ananda|language=bn|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312100506/https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-2021-division-bench-rejected-election-commission-appeal-on-joypur-candidate-nomination-challenging-high-court-decision-805381|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|date=16 March 2021|title=WB Election 2021: পুরুলিয়ায় জয়পুরে নির্দল প্রার্থীকে সমর্থন তৃণমূলের|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-2021-abhishek-banerjee-supporting-independent-candidate-in-joypur-constituency-ahead-of-elections-805956|access-date=16 March 2021|website=ABP Ananda|language=bn|archive-date=16 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316111721/https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-2021-abhishek-banerjee-supporting-independent-candidate-in-joypur-constituency-ahead-of-elections-805956|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;
| colspan="6" {{Party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
| colspan="6" | '''[[All India Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress+]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
| [[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag (2).svg|50px]]
| [[File:All India Trinamool Congress logo.svg|50px]]
| [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| 290
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2"|
| rowspan="2"|
| [[Bimal Gurung]]
| rowspan="2"|3
|-
| [[Binay Tamang]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|
|
|
| 1
|-
!colspan="5"| Total
!294
|}

=== National Democratic Alliance ===
{{Main|National Democratic Alliance}}
Five hill-based parties pledged support to BJP ahead of the assembly election: [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]] (GNLF), [[Communist Party of Revolutionary Marxists]], [[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League]] (ABGL), Gorkhaland Rajya Nirman Morcha, and SUMETI Mukti Morcha.<ref name=hi/> [[Hindu Samhati]], a right-wing organisation in West Bengal, had withdrawn their support from the BJP at first<ref>{{cite web|last=Khanna|first=Rohit|date=29 October 2020|title=Hindu Samhati severs BJP ties, to contest Bengal polls|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hindu-samhati-severs-bjp-ties-to-contest-bengal-polls/articleshow/78921790.cms|access-date=31 March 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504215405/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hindu-samhati-severs-bjp-ties-to-contest-bengal-polls/articleshow/78921790.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> to contest the elections on their own,<ref>{{cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Tanmay|date=15 February 2021|title=Bengal polls: New contender in race, far-Right group Hindu Samhati forms party|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/bengal-polls-new-contender-in-race-far-right-group-hindu-samhati-forms-party-101613329152802.html|access-date=31 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331072050/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/bengal-polls-new-contender-in-race-far-right-group-hindu-samhati-forms-party-101613329152802.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but eventually they supported the BJP.<ref>{{cite web|last=Saha|first=Dibyendu|date=13 March 2021|title=রাজ্যে বিজেপির প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বীর সংখ্যা কমল, ২১-এর লড়াইয়ে অ্যাডভান্টেজ গেরুয়া শিবিরের|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/west-bengal/west-bengal-election-2021-hindu-samhati-will-support-bjp-not-to-field-candidate-against-them-127351.html|access-date=31 March 2021|website=One India|language=bn|archive-date=13 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313105143/https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/west-bengal/west-bengal-election-2021-hindu-samhati-will-support-bjp-not-to-field-candidate-against-them-127351.html|url-status=live}}</ref> BJP allotted the [[Amta Assembly constituency|Amta constituency]] seat to the president of Hindu Samhati to contest under the symbol of BJP.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pande|first=Manisha|date=20 March 2021|title=Strong base and Bengali Hindutva: In Howrah, far-right Hindu Samhati comes to BJP's rescue|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/03/20/strong-base-and-bengali-hindutva-in-howrah-far-right-hindu-samhati-comes-to-bjps-rescue|access-date=31 March 2021|website=Newslaundry|archive-date=7 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407002054/https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/03/20/strong-base-and-bengali-hindutva-in-howrah-far-right-hindu-samhati-comes-to-bjps-rescue|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election NDA Seat Sharing.svg|thumb|350x350px|Map of the seat sharing arrangements of the Bharatiya Janata Party for the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]

BJP also allotted the [[Baghmundi Assembly constituency|Baghmundi constituency]], bordering [[Jharkhand]], to the [[All Jharkhand Students Union]] (AJSU).<ref>{{cite web|date=8 March 2021|title=BJP leaves one seat for ally Ajsu Party to contest in Bengal|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/bjp-leaves-one-seat-for-ally-ajsu-party-to-contest-in-bengal/cid/1808872|access-date=3 April 2021|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310054633/https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/bjp-leaves-one-seat-for-ally-ajsu-party-to-contest-in-bengal/cid/1808872|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Bengal Elections 2021: Full List Of BJP Candidates|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-elections-2021-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-2385170|access-date=15 March 2021|website=NDTV|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310174619/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-elections-2021-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-2385170|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;
| colspan="6" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|-
| colspan="6" | '''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
| 293
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
| [[File:ANSU Party flag.jpg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Banana.svg|50px]]
| Ashutosh Mahto
| 1
|-
!colspan="5"| Total
!294
|}

=== Sanjukta Morcha ===
{{Main|Sanjukta Morcha}}
On 28 January 2021 Congress leader [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]] announced that seat-sharing talks between the Congress and Left Front had concluded for 193 seats and that the remaining 101 seats would be decided at a later point.<ref name="dh">''Outlook''. ''[https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/cong-lf-finalise-seat-sharing-in-193-seats-in-wb-decision-on-rest-101-later/2019269 Cong, LF finalise seat sharing in 193 seats in WB, decision on rest 101 later] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503141622/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/cong-lf-finalise-seat-sharing-in-193-seats-in-wb-decision-on-rest-101-later/2019269 |date=3 May 2021 }}''</ref><ref>News18. ''[https://www.news18.com/news/politics/west-bengal-elections-congress-left-seat-sharing-3354167.html West Bengal Elections: Congress to Contest on 92 Seats, Left Parties Get 101 After Round 2 of Talks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503080338/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/west-bengal-elections-congress-left-seat-sharing-3354167.html |date=3 May 2021 }}''</ref> Out of the 193 seats agreed upon by 28 January 92 went to Congress and 101 to the Left Front.<ref name="dh" /> Left Front and Congress announced from a rally at the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Brigade Parade ground]] on 28 February 2021 that they would form an alliance called Sanyukta Morcha with a newly-formed outfit called [[Indian Secular Front|ISF]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/Bengal-Elections-Million-Plus-People-Brigade-Rally-Heralds-Left-Led-Sanjukta-Morcha|title=Million Plus People at Brigade Rally Heralds Left-Led Sanjukta Morcha|website=News Click|date=1 March 2021|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503080340/https://www.newsclick.in/Bengal-Elections-Million-Plus-People-Brigade-Rally-Heralds-Left-Led-Sanjukta-Morcha|url-status=live}}</ref> ISF initially claimed that they secured 30 seats from the Left Front's quota.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-abbas-siddiquis-isf-seals-deal-with-left-in-30-seats-talks-on-with-congres-9353091.html|title=Abbas Siddiqui's ISF seals deal with Left in 30 seats|website=First Post|date=26 February 2021|access-date=3 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503080337/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-abbas-siddiquis-isf-seals-deal-with-left-in-30-seats-talks-on-with-congres-9353091.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After the final seat sharing agreement was concluded, it was announced that the Left Front would contest 165 seats, Congress 92 seats, and ISF 37 seats.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 March 2021|title=Left to fight 165 West Bengal seats, Congress 92, ISF 37|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/left-to-fight-165-bengal-seats-congress-92-isf-37/articleshow/81340342.cms|access-date=12 March 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310015648/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/left-to-fight-165-bengal-seats-congress-92-isf-37/articleshow/81340342.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web|date=18 March 2021|title=ISF to fight polls on borrowed symbol|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/isf-to-fight-polls-on-borrowed-symbol-434695|access-date=29 March 2021|website=Millennium Post|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318133108/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/isf-to-fight-polls-on-borrowed-symbol-434695|url-status=live}}</ref>

Left Front chairman [[Biman Bose]] announced the candidates for the first and second-phase elections on 5 March alongside INC and ISF leaders, leaving seats for them in the list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/wb-polls-left-front-reveal-candidates-for-1st-and-2nd-phase|title=Left Front Reveals Candidates for 1st and 2nd Phase|website=The Quint|date=5 March 2021|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503225522/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/wb-polls-left-front-reveal-candidates-for-1st-and-2nd-phase|url-status=live}}</ref> INC revealed its first list of 13 candidates for the first two phases on 6 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-congress-releases-first-list-of-13-candidates-2346186.html|title=Congress releases first list of 13 candidates for upcoming West Bengal assembly elections|website=Zee News|date=6 March 2021|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163148/https://zeenews.india.com/india/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-congress-releases-first-list-of-13-candidates-2346186.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Left Front announced its second list of candidates on 10 March, consisting of several new and young faces from [[All India Students Federation]] (AISF), [[All India Youth Federation]] (AIYF), [[Students' Federation of India]] (SFI), and [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]] (DYFI), along with ex-ministers of the Left Front government and ex-MPs;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/left-packs-candidate-list-with-fresh-faces-veterans/articleshow/81440421.cms|title=Left packs candidate list with fresh faces, veterans|website=The Times of India|date=11 March 2021|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503225540/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/left-packs-candidate-list-with-fresh-faces-veterans/articleshow/81440421.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Bose also nominated DYFI West Bengal state president [[Minakshi Mukherjee]] as the CPI(M) candidate for the [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]] seat, which was kept vacant in the first list published on 5 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-polls-cpi-m-declares-meenakshi-mukherjee-as-its-candidate-from-nandigram-1777836-2021-03-10|title=CPI(M) declares Minakshi Mukherjee as its candidate from Nandigram|website=India Today|date=10 March 2021|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163148/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-polls-cpi-m-declares-meenakshi-mukherjee-as-its-candidate-from-nandigram-1777836-2021-03-10|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 March, INC revealed their second list of 34 candidates on 14 March,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-west-bengal-polls-2021-congress-candidates-list-star-campaigners-latest-update-690988|title=Congress releases list of 34 candidates|website=India TV|date=14 March 2021|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163150/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-west-bengal-polls-2021-congress-candidates-list-star-campaigners-latest-update-690988|url-status=live}}</ref> and ISF their first set of 20 candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/abbas-siddiqui-s-isf-releases-names-of-20-candidates-for-west-bengal-elections-1779332-2021-03-15|title=ISF releases names of 20 candidates for West Bengal elections|website=India Today|date=14 March 2021|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163148/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/abbas-siddiqui-s-isf-releases-names-of-20-candidates-for-west-bengal-elections-1779332-2021-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanyukta Morcha announced 15 more candidates on 17 March consisting of 9 from the Left Front, 2 from INC, and 4 from ISF.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/isf-cpim-and-congress-announces-candidates-for-14-more-seats-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-340267.html|title=আরও ১৫ আসনে প্রার্থীদের নাম ঘোষণা সংযুক্ত মোর্চার|website=TV9 Bangla|date=17 March 2021|access-date=18 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163149/https://tv9bangla.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/isf-cpim-and-congress-announces-candidates-for-14-more-seats-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-340267.html|url-status=live}}</ref> INC revealed their third list of 39 candidates on 20 March,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/congress-publish-more-39-names-candidate-list-for-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-341497.html|title=Candidate List West Bengal Election 2021|website=TV9 Bangla|date=20 March 2021|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163149/https://tv9bangla.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/congress-publish-more-39-names-candidate-list-for-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-341497.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and two more on 22 March.

[[File:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election SDA Seat Sharing.svg|thumb|350x350px|Map of the seat sharing arrangement between the parties of the Sanjukta Morcha for the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]

{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;
| colspan="6" {{Party color cell|Sanjukta Morcha}}
|-
| colspan="6" | '''[[Sanjukta Morcha]]'''<ref name=seat_share>{{cite web|date=21 June 2021|title=West Bengal General Legislative Election 2021|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13605-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021/|website=eci.gov.in|access-date=5 October 2021|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005132734/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13605-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
| |[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|40x40px|centre]]
| [[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]
| 137+2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
| [[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|42x42px|centre]]
| [[Debabrata Biswas (politician)|Debabrata Biswas]]
| 17+4
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
| [[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|44x44px|centre]]
| [[Biswanath Chowdhury]]
| 11
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|36x36px|centre]]
| Swapan Banerjee
| 10
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|45x45px|centre]]
| [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| 83+9
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
| [[File:ISF flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Envelope.jpg|36x36px|centre]]
| Abbas Siddiqui{{efn|Indian Secular Front is an unregistered political party and it contested the election on the "Envelope" symbol and name of [[Bihar]]-based political party ''Rashtriya Secular Majlis Party'' (RSMP).<ref>{{cite web|last=ঘোষ|first=প্রদীপ্তকান্তি|date=16 March 2021|title=ভোটে লড়ছে না 'আইএসএফ', প্রার্থী দেবে 'অন্য দল'|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/indian-secular-front-of-abbas-siddiqui-dont-have-a-own-sign-fighting-with-another-partys-logo-339985.html|access-date=17 March 2021|website=TV9Bangla|language=bn|archive-date=16 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316181302/https://tv9bangla.com/elections/indian-secular-front-of-abbas-siddiqui-dont-have-a-own-sign-fighting-with-another-partys-logo-339985.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5"/>}}
| 25+7
|-
!colspan="5"| Total
! 283+11
|}
NOTE:
* A total of 305 candidates were fielded. These candidates contested 283 unique seats. In 11 of those seats, there were two candidates each, making a total of 22 candidates across those constituencies. Overall, the alliance contested all 294 assembly seats.
===Friendly Fight===
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
! Sl. No.
! Parties Involved
! #
! Constituency Name
|-
! 1
| rowspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]
! 46
| [[Harishchandrapur Assembly constituency|Harishchandrapur]]
|-
! 2
! 240
| [[Baghmundi Assembly constituency|Baghmundi]]
|-
! 3
! 241
| [[Joypur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Joypur]]
|-
! 4
| rowspan="5"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Indian Secular Front|ISF]]
! 52
| [[Mothabari Assembly constituency|Mothabari]]
|-
! 5
! 53
| [[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Sujapur]]
|-
! 6
! 63
| [[Raninagar Assembly constituency|Raninagar]]
|-
! 7
! 64
| [[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]]
|-
! 8
! 55
| [[Farakka Assembly constituency|Farakka]]
|-
! 9
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
! 56
| [[Samserganj Assembly constituency|Samserganj]]
|-
! 10
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] and [[Indian Secular Front|ISF]]
! 82
| [[Chapra, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Chapra]]
|-
! 11
| [[Indian Secular Front|ISF]] and [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]
! 120
| [[Deganga Assembly constituency|Deganga]]
|-
|}

=== Others ===
Shiv Sena initially said that they would contest in around 100 seats,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/west-bengal-elections-as-shiv-sena-plans-to-contest-100-seats-heres-how-party-fared-in-previous-polls/703144|title=West Bengal elections: As Shiv Sena plans to contest 100 seats, here's how party fared in previous polls|date=5 January 2021|website=Times Now|access-date=8 January 2021|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202542/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/west-bengal-elections-as-shiv-sena-plans-to-contest-100-seats-heres-how-party-fared-in-previous-polls/703144|url-status=live}}</ref> but later on 4 March 2021 announced that they would not contest and would support Mamata Banerjee and TMC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/shiv-sena-wont-contest-bengal-polls-to-support-real-tigress-mamata-banerjee-3497450.html|title=Shiv Sena Won't Contest Bengal Polls, to Support Mamata Banerjee|website=News18|date=4 March 2021|access-date=4 March 2021|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503181845/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/shiv-sena-wont-contest-bengal-polls-to-support-real-tigress-mamata-banerjee-3497450.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader(s)
!Seats contested<ref name=seat_share/>
|-
| {{party color cell|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
|[[File:SUCI_flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Battery Torch.svg|47x47px]]
|[[Provash Ghosh]]
|style="text-align:center"|188
|-
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=BSP will contest Assembly polls in Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry alone, says Mayawati|url=https://scroll.in/latest/989592/bsp-will-contest-assembly-polls-in-bengal-tamil-nadu-kerala-and-puducherry-alone-says-mayawati|access-date=24 April 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=15 March 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424145932/https://scroll.in/latest/989592/bsp-will-contest-assembly-polls-in-bengal-tamil-nadu-kerala-and-puducherry-alone-says-mayawati|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|47x47px]]
|[[Mayawati]]
| style="text-align:center" |162
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar ruling party JDU to contest in Assam and West Bengal polls, finalises on candidates|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/01/bihar-ruling-party-jduto-contest-in-assam-and-west-bengal-polls-finalises-on-candidates-2270486.html|access-date=1 March 2021|website=The New Indian Express|date=March 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301061549/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/01/bihar-ruling-party-jduto-contest-in-assam-and-west-bengal-polls-finalises-on-candidates-2270486.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:Janata Dal (United) Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Arrow.svg|50x50px]]
|Sanjay Verma
|style="text-align:center"|16<ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2021|title=Nitish Kumar likely to give Assam, West Bengal poll campaigns a miss|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/assam-assembly-election/nitish-kumar-likely-to-give-assam-west-bengal-poll-campaigns-a-miss-101616485854591.html|access-date=24 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324001705/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/assam-assembly-election/nitish-kumar-likely-to-give-assam-west-bengal-poll-campaigns-a-miss-101616485854591.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/liberation-announced-12-seats-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-dgtl/cid/1263683|title=পশ্চিমবঙ্গে বিজেপি-র বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করবে লিবারেশন, ঘোষণা হল ১২ আসনের তালিকা|website=Anandabazar|date=28 January 2021|access-date=1 February 2021|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205083425/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/liberation-announced-12-seats-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-dgtl/cid/1263683|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:CPIML LIBERATION FLAG.png|50px]]
| [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|50 px]]
|[[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
|style="text-align:center"|12
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/aimim-decides-to-field-13-candidates-in-west-bengals-murshidabad-3552596.html|title=AIMIM Decides to Field 13 Candidates in West Bengal's Murshidabad|date=19 March 2021|website=News18|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628095915/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/aimim-decides-to-field-13-candidates-in-west-bengals-murshidabad-3552596.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 March 2021|title=Major setback for AIMIM, party's Bengal in-charge quits ahead of assembly polls|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/major-setback-for-aimim-party-s-bengal-in-charge-quits-ahead-of-assembly-polls-101616172208264.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=17 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117083814/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/major-setback-for-aimim-party-s-bengal-in-charge-quits-ahead-of-assembly-polls-101616172208264.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AIMIM to be in poll fray for West Bengal, says Asaduddin Owaisi; to announce seats on March 27|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/aimim-to-be-in-poll-fray-for-west-bengal-says-asaduddin-owaisi-to-announce-seats-on-march/736122|access-date=24 March 2021|website=Times Now|date=23 March 2021|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323162106/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/aimim-to-be-in-poll-fray-for-west-bengal-says-asaduddin-owaisi-to-announce-seats-on-march/736122|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|50x50px]]
|[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| style="text-align:center" |6<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/west-bengal-election-candidate-list-of-asaduddin-owaisi-aimim-in-bengal-ann-1851137|title=WB Election 2021, AIMIM: असदुद्दीन ओवैसी की पार्टी ने बंगाल की इन सात सीटों पर उतारे अपने उम्मीदवार|first=मनोज्ञा|last=लोईवाल|date=7 April 2021|website=abplive.com|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628095917/https://www.abplive.com/news/india/west-bengal-election-candidate-list-of-asaduddin-owaisi-aimim-in-bengal-ann-1851137|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mim-to-enter-wb-poll-fray-from-7-seats/articleshow/81938874.cms|title=AIMIM to fight from only 7 seats in West Bengal|website=The Times of India|date=7 April 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628143027/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mim-to-enter-wb-poll-fray-from-7-seats/articleshow/81938874.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Das |first1=Madhuparna |url=https://theprint.in/politics/owaisi-fields-7-candidates-in-bengal-counts-on-muslim-majority-seats-for-state-debut/635634|title=Owaisi fields 7 candidates in Bengal, counts on Muslim-majority seats for state debut|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=7 April 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=7 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407103858/https://theprint.in/politics/owaisi-fields-7-candidates-in-bengal-counts-on-muslim-majority-seats-for-state-debut/635634/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star]]<ref>{{cite web|date=12 April 2021|title=India: 2021 elections in five states – what do they reveal?|url=https://www.marxist.com/india-2021-elections-in-five-states.htm|website=marxist.com|access-date=14 April 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424130627/http://www.marxist.com/india-2021-elections-in-five-states.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:CPI(ML).svg|50px]]
|
|[[K N Ramchandran]]
|style="text-align:center"|3
|-
|{{party color cell|National People's Party (India)}}
|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=No. of Contesting Candidates|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/Nomination_status.pdf|access-date=27 April 2021|website=ceowestbengal.nic.in|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427102520/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/Nomination_status.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[File:NPP Flag.jpg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|47x47px]]
|
|style="text-align:center"|3
|}

==Candidates==
{{further|List of candidates in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election}}

== Surveys and polls ==

=== Exit poll ===
On 27 March, the ECI banned the publication of surveys and [[exit poll]]s until 7:30 pm on 29 April to prevent influencing voters,<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Commission bans exit polls till 7:30 PM on April 29|url=http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=412912|access-date=29 April 2021|website=NewsOnAIR|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429065756/http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=412912|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=29 April 2021|title=Exit Poll Results 2021 date and time: When and where to watch exit poll results for West Bengal, Assam, TN, Kerala and Puducherry|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/exit-poll-results-2021-date-and-time-when-and-where-to-watch-exit-poll-results-for-west-bengal-assam-tn-kerala-and-puducherry-9573961.html|access-date=29 April 2021|website=Firstpost|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428182154/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/exit-poll-results-2021-date-and-time-when-and-where-to-watch-exit-poll-results-for-west-bengal-assam-tn-kerala-and-puducherry-9573961.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but the ban ended half an hour earlier.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commission's Corrigendum to the Notification No. 576/EXIT/2021/SDR-Vol. I dated 24th March, 2021 – Exit Poll- regarding|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13351-commissions-corrigendum-to-the-notification-no-576exit2021sdr-vol-i-dated-24th-march-2021-exit-poll-regarding/|access-date=29 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429104029/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13351-commissions-corrigendum-to-the-notification-no-576exit2021sdr-vol-i-dated-24th-march-2021-exit-poll-regarding/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px"
! rowspan="2" width="100px" |Date published
! rowspan="2" width="175px" |Polling agency
! {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
! {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! {{party color cell|Sanjukta Morcha}}
! style="background:gray;{{party color|other}} " |
! rowspan="2" width="50px" |Lead
|-
! style="width:75px;" |[[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
! style="width:75px;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP+]]
! style="width:75px;" |[[Sanyukta Morcha|SM]]
! style="width:60px;" |Others
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |ABP News – C-Voter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWsTkOH1-vM|title=Exit Poll West Bengal Election Results 2021: কাদের দখলে নবান্ন?|date=29 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204185751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWsTkOH1-vM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/west-bengal-exit-poll-results-2021-bengal-elections-abp-cvoter-exit-poll-results-bjp-tmc-congress-1455220|title=West Bengal Exit Poll: Mamata-Led TMC To Return To Power; BJP To Emerge As Second Largest Party|date=29 April 2021|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430190237/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/west-bengal-exit-poll-results-2021-bengal-elections-abp-cvoter-exit-poll-results-bjp-tmc-congress-1455220|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''152–164'''
|109–121
|14–25
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''31–55'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42.1%'''
|39.2%
|15.4%
|3.3%
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''2.9%'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|NK Digital Magazine<ref>{{cite web|date=29 April 2021|title=Exit Poll &#124; ভোটের ভবিষ্যৎ &#124; West Bengal Election 2021 &#124; বুথ ফেরৎ সমীক্ষা । TMC BJP CPIM CONGRESS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7OukZE-vkg|website=NK Digital Magazine|language=bn|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513220809/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7OukZE-vkg|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''(193+1)=194'''
|73
|22
|3
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''121'''
|-
|30 April – 1 May 2021
|Ekhon Biswa Bangla Sangbad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/biswabanglasangbad/photos/a.414061258962052/1409603706074464|title=Facebook|via=Facebook|access-date=21 May 2021|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215439/https://www.facebook.com/biswabanglasangbad/photos/a.414061258962052/1409603706074464|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 May 2021|title=করোনাকাল ও ভোটের ফল। দর্শকদের মুখোমুখি কুণাল ঘোষ|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iES1CQZTfE|access-date=1 May 2021|website=Biswa Bangla Sangbad|language=bn|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519095451/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iES1CQZTfE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/biswabanglasangbad/photos/a.532509567117220/1411061252595376|title=Facebook|via=Facebook|access-date=21 May 2021|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215446/https://www.facebook.com/biswabanglasangbad/photos/a.532509567117220/1411061252595376|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''217'''
|63
|10±2
|2
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''154'''
|-
|30 April 2021
|FAM Community<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDZLvV_0BzE|title=Exit Poll West Bengal Election Results 2021 &#124; Agnivo Niyogi &#124; arpandutta|via=YouTube|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517152653/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDZLvV_0BzE|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''(182–1)=181'''
|99
|(12–1)=11
|1
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''82'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|DB Live<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuEiTtUmZzo|title=Exit poll 2021 : west bengal, assam, kerala, tamilnadu, puducheri election &#124; #DBLIVE exit poll|date=29 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513041027/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=CuEiTtUmZzo&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_LPVa9SdXU|title=Exit Polls 2021 &#124; West Bengal Election 2021 में किसकी सरकार &#124; PM Modi &#124; Results &#124;#DBLIVE|date=29 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517152651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_LPVa9SdXU|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''154–169'''
|94–109
|24–34
|0–1
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''45–75'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |Drishtibhongi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE5FajEUbxE|title=দেখুন দৃষ্টিভঙ্গির EXCLUSIVE বুথ ফেরত সমীক্ষা &#124; Drishtibhongi &#124; দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি|date=29 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517152652/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE5FajEUbxE|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''174'''
|103
|15
|2
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''71'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''45%'''
|38%
|12%
|5%
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''7%'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|Ground Zero Research<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groundzeroresearch.com/westb.php|title=West Bengal Elections 2021: Exit Poll|website=groundzeroresearch.com|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517203727/http://groundzeroresearch.com/westb.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bengali.abplive.com">{{cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-exit-poll-results-2021-bengal-elections-abp-cvoter-exit-poll-results-tmc-regain-power-in-bengal-get-to-know-all-exit-polls-812030|title=WB ABP-Cvoter Exit Poll Results 2021: নবান্ন নীল-সাদাই! তৃণমূলের ফেরার ইঙ্গিত বেশিরভাগ বুথফেরত সমীক্ষায়, একসঙ্গে রইল সমস্ত এক্সিট পোল|first=ওয়েব ডেস্ক, এবিপি|last=আনন্দ|date=29 April 2021|website=bengali.abplive.com|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517203727/https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-exit-poll-results-2021-bengal-elections-abp-cvoter-exit-poll-results-tmc-regain-power-in-bengal-get-to-know-all-exit-polls-812030|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1409539622747539&id=399966740371504|title=Facebook|via=Facebook|access-date=21 May 2021|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215437/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1409539622747539&id=399966740371504|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''154–186'''
|96–124
|6–14
|2–3
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''30–90'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|IPSOS<ref name="bengali.abplive.com"/>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''158'''
|115
|19
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''43'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |Today's Chanakya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayschanakya.com/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-post-poll-analysis.html|title=West Bengal Assembly Elections 2021 Exit Poll&#124;Post Poll Analysis|website=todayschanakya.com|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501015613/https://www.todayschanakya.com/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-post-poll-analysis.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''169–191'''
|97–119
|0–8
|0–3
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''50–94'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''46%'''
|39%
|9%
|6%
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''7%'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |[[ETG Research]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etgresearch.in/|title=EtG Research – West Bengal Politics – Tamilnadu Politics – Bihar Politics|website=EtG Research|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414215002/https://www.etgresearch.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''164–176'''
|105–115
|10–15
|0–1
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''49–71'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42.4%'''
|39.1%
|14.2%
|4.3%
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''3.3%'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |P-MARQ<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=http://pmarq.in/Default.aspx?catid=Mw==|title=P-MARQ|website=pmarq.in|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413140537/http://pmarq.in/Default.aspx?catid=Mw==|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/exit-poll/p-marq/|title=Exit Poll Results 2021 Live &#124; Assemby Elections Exit Polls Result of West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry|website=News18|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517155459/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/exit-poll/p-marq/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-polls-predict-third-term-for-mamata-banerjee-bjp-close-second-2424709|title=Exit Polls Predict Close Bengal Fight With Thin Edge For Mamata Banerjee|website=NDTV|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517183826/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-polls-predict-third-term-for-mamata-banerjee-bjp-close-second-2424709|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''152–172'''
|112–132
|10–20
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''20–60'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''44%'''
|40%
|12%
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''4%'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|NEWSX – Polstrat<ref name="oneindia.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/west-bengal-election-2021-opinion-poll-and-exit-poll/|title=West Bengal Election 2021 Opinion Poll and Exit Poll Results, Survey and Predictions|website=Oneindia|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518084647/https://www.oneindia.com/west-bengal-election-2021-opinion-poll-and-exit-poll/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="exchange4media.com">{{cite web|title=Polstrat & News X release West Bengal exit poll results|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/polstrat-news-x-release-west-bengal-exit-poll-results-112668.html|access-date=30 April 2021|website=Exchange4media|date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430062655/https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/industry-briefing-news/polstrat-news-x-release-west-bengal-exit-poll-results-112668.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="news18.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/exit-poll-1/|title=Exit Poll Results 2021 Live by Republic CNX &#124; Assemby Elections Exit Polls Result of West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry|website=News18|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429150909/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/exit-poll-1/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''152–162'''
|115–125
|16–26
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''27–47'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |TV9 Bharatvarsh – Polstrat'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/|title=Hindi News Before West Bengal|website=TV9 Hindi|access-date=24 March 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430032924/https://www.tv9hindi.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="exchange4media.com"/><ref name="oneindia.com"/>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''142–152'''
|125–135
|16–26
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''7–27'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''43.9%'''
|40.5%
|10.7%
|4.9%
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''3.4%'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |India Today – Axis-My-India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/exit-poll-result-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-tamil-nadu-assam-kerala-puducherry-states-opinion-poll-aajtak-india-today-1796316-2021-04-29|title=India Today-Axis My India exit polls results 2021: Voters of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Kerala, Puducherry have decided|date=29 April 2021|website=India Today|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502091349/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/exit-poll-result-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-tamil-nadu-assam-kerala-puducherry-states-opinion-poll-aajtak-india-today-1796316-2021-04-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ndtv.com"/>
|130–156
|'''134–160'''
|0–2
|0–1
| style="background:#DDDDDD" |'''HUNG'''
|-
|'''44%'''
|43%
|10%
|3%
| style="background:#DDDDDD" |'''1%'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|India TV – Peoples Pulse<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-west-bengal-election-exit-poll-2021-with-india-tv-tmc-mamata-banerjee-bjp-congress-left-live-updates-701359|title=Bengal Exit Poll: BJP likely to deny Mamata third term &#124; Key takeaways|first=Shashank|last=Shantanu|date=29 April 2021|website=indiatvnews.com|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501165003/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-west-bengal-election-exit-poll-2021-with-india-tv-tmc-mamata-banerjee-bjp-congress-left-live-updates-701359|url-status=live}}</ref>
|64–88
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''173–192'''
|7–12
| –
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''85–128'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |29 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |Jan-Ki-Baat<ref name="news18.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/india-news-jan-ki-baat-release-exit-poll-results-for-5-states-112667.html|title=India News -Jan Ki Baat release exit poll results for 5 states|website=Exchange4media|date=30 April 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517183825/https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/india-news-jan-ki-baat-release-exit-poll-results-for-5-states-112667.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ndtv.com"/>
|104–121
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''162–185'''
|3–9
| –
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''58–64'''
|-
|44–45%
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''46–48%'''
|5–8%
|2%
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''1–4%'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|Priyo Bandhu Media<ref>{{cite web |title=ভোটের সমীক্ষা – প্রিয় বন্ধু বাংলা|url=https://bengali.priyobandhu.com/rat-pohalei-gonona-kon-dol-koto-ashon-dokhol-korte-choleche/|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501063712/https://bengali.priyobandhu.com/rat-pohalei-gonona-kon-dol-koto-ashon-dokhol-korte-choleche/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|82
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''187'''
|22
|1
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''105'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|Arambagh TV<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zogccVNQc4A|title=West Bengal election-2021 final exit poll by Arambagh TV (কে গড়বে সরকার?কি বলছে আরামবাগ টিভি? দেখুন|date=29 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502122247/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zogccVNQc4A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|84–119
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''159–192'''
|11–20
| –
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''40–108'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|Sudarshan News<ref>{{cite web|title=#SudarshanExitPoll बंगाल में लहराने जा रहा भगवा ध्वज.. भाजपा को स्पष्ट बहुमत का अनुमान, ओवैसी ने चाटी धूल|url=https://www.sudarshannews.in/news-detail.aspx?id=20881|access-date=29 May 2021|website=sudarshannews.in|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212657/https://www.sudarshannews.in/news-detail.aspx?id=20881|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 97–104
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''170–180'''
| 6–10
| 1–3
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''66–83'''
|-
|29 April 2021
|The Enigmous<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/_TheEnigmous/status/1387730905507237891|title=Archived copy|access-date=3 March 2023|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716060805/https://twitter.com/_TheEnigmous/status/1387730905507237891|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''188'''
|91
|13
|0
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''97'''
|-
!colspan="2"| Overall average
! style="background:#B0F4B0" |143–155
! 121–134
! 12–17
! 1
! style="background:#B0F4B0" |9–34
|}
''NK Digital Magazine''{{'s}} exit poll predicted victory for TMC in general election for the Samserganj seat and by-election for the Bhabanipur seat.<ref>{{cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnYVL7VA13o|title=EXIT POLL of BHAWANIPUR and Samshergaunj West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 By poll|access-date=30 September 2021|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930164343/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnYVL7VA13o|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|date=2 October 2021|title=Exit Poll of Bhabanipur {{!}} Calculation according to the candidates {{!}} West Bengal Assembly Election|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Yu1XYFfHc|access-date=2 October 2021|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002082517/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Yu1XYFfHc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|date=2 October 2021|title=Exit Poll of Bhabanipur|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m50YpnTYZME|access-date=2 October 2021|publisher=NK INDIA|via=[[YouTube]]|language=hi|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002082535/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m50YpnTYZME|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Ekhon Biswa Bangla Sangbad'' predicted TMC's victory in all three seats where elections took place on 30 September.<ref>{{cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=লিখে রাখুন ফলাফল ৩-০ হচ্ছে: কুণাল|url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1518041075230726&id=399966740371504|access-date=4 October 2021|publisher=Ekhon BiswaBangla Sangbad|via=[[Facebook]]|language=bn}}</ref>

=== Opinion poll ===
A number of pre-poll surveys for the elections were published by different agencies and groups in the span of one year until 27 March. Most polls contradicted each other regarding the possible outcome.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trinamool or BJP? As battle for 'Poriborton' heats up in Bengal, pollsters divided over outcome|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/10/trinamool-or-bjp-as-battle-for-poriborton-heats-up-in-bengal-pollsters-divided-over-outcome-2274587.html|access-date=29 April 2021|website=The New Indian Express|date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429070356/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/10/trinamool-or-bjp-as-battle-for-poriborton-heats-up-in-bengal-pollsters-divided-over-outcome-2274587.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px"
! rowspan="2" width="100px" |Date published
! rowspan="2" width="175px" |Polling agency
! {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
! {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
! style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}} " |
! style="background:gray;{{party color|other}} " |
! rowspan="2" width="50px" |Lead
|-
! style="width:75px;" |[[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
! style="width:75px;" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! style="width:75px;" |[[Sanyukta Morcha|SM]]
! style="width:60px;" |Others
|-
| rowspan="2" |25 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |P-Marq<ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=P-Marq survey gives edge to BJP in West Bengal, Left in Kerala|url=https://www.siasat.com/p-marq-survey-gives-edge-to-bjp-in-west-bengal-left-in-kerala-2115366/|access-date=6 April 2021|website=The Siasat Daily|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410073040/https://www.siasat.com/p-marq-survey-gives-edge-to-bjp-in-west-bengal-left-in-kerala-2115366/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6"/>
|121–130
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''149–158'''
|11–15
| –
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''19–37'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''43%'''
|42%
|13%
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''1%'''
|-
|25 March 2021
| rowspan="1" |DB Live<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6URoMhyATCc|title=सबसे सटीक Opinion Poll &#124; किसकी बनेगी सरकार ? &#124;Election 2021 &#124; chunav news &#124;mamata banerjee #DBLIVE|date=25 March 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517213237/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6URoMhyATCc|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''170–175'''
|74–79
|42–47
|0–2
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''91–101'''
|-
|19–25 March 2021
| rowspan="1" |Priyo Bandhu Media<ref name="crowdwisdom360.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.crowdwisdom360.com/blog/detail/580|title=Bengal Election Result 2021: TMC heading for a Massive Win|website=crowdwisdom360.com|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517232930/https://www.crowdwisdom360.com/blog/detail/580|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf-r6jY2Fbs|title=WB Election 21: প্রথম দফার ৩০ আসনে কে কোথায় জিততে চলেছেন? দেখুন সর্বশেষ সমীক্ষার বিস্তারিত ফলাফল|date=19 March 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518080832/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf-r6jY2Fbs|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.priyobandhu.com/prothom-dofar-nirbachone-smvabyo-somikhya/|title=প্রথম দফার নির্বাচনের সম্ভাব্য সমীক্ষা, কারা হাসতে চলেছে শেষ হাসি, জেনে নিন! – প্রিয় বন্ধু বাংলা|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518162246/https://bengali.priyobandhu.com/prothom-dofar-nirbachone-smvabyo-somikhya/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|93
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''168'''
|33
| –
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''75'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |24 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |Times Now C-Voter <ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Opinion Poll 2021: 'BJP may emerge as force to reckon with; TMC likely to get 160 seats'|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/west-bengal-election-opinion-poll/736707|access-date=26 March 2021|website=Times Now|date=24 March 2021|archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326165351/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/west-bengal-election-opinion-poll/736707|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''152–168'''
|104–120
|18–26
|0–2
| rowspan="2" style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''32–64'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42%'''
|37%
|13%
|8%
|-
| rowspan="2" |24 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |TV9 Bharatvarsh <ref>{{cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=West Bengal Election 2021 Opinion Poll: BJP दे रही है कड़ी टक्कर, बहुमत से 2 सीट दूर रह जाएंगी ममता|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/west-bengal-election-2021-opinion-poll-live-updates-in-hindi-tv9-bharatvarsh-polstrat-tmc-mamata-banerjee-cm-bjp-narendra-modi-government-congress-latest-chunav-wb-news-today-2-591600.html|access-date=26 March 2021|website=TV9 Hindi|language=hi|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324111222/https://www.tv9hindi.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-2021/west-bengal-election-2021-opinion-poll-live-updates-in-hindi-tv9-bharatvarsh-polstrat-tmc-mamata-banerjee-cm-bjp-narendra-modi-government-congress-latest-chunav-wb-news-today-2-591600.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|'''146'''
|122
|23
|3
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD" |'''HUNG'''
|-
|'''39.6%'''
|37.1%
|17.4%
|5.9%
|-
| rowspan="2" |23 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |ABP News – CNX<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cnx-opinion-poll-2021-vote-share-predictions-wb-election-state-assembly-seat-wise-analysis-abp-west-bengal-1449806|title=ABP-CNX Opinion Poll, WB Election: BJP Inches Closer With TMC in Vote Share; People Voice For Change|website=news.abplive.com|date=23 March 2021|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502154027/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cnx-opinion-poll-2021-vote-share-predictions-wb-election-state-assembly-seat-wise-analysis-abp-west-bengal-1449806|url-status=live}}</ref>
|'''136–146'''
|130–140
|14–18
|1–3
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD" |'''HUNG'''
|-
|'''40%'''
|38%
|16%
|6%
|-
|23 March 2021
| rowspan="1" |India TV- Peoples Pulse<ref>{{cite web|last=Bhandari|first=Shashwat|date=24 March 2021|title=West Bengal opinion poll: Mamata or Modi, who has the edge? {{!}} Big takeaways|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/west-bengal-opinion-poll-bjp-tmc-seats-prediction-people-pulse-c-voter-cnx-survey-latest-news-693268|access-date=26 March 2021|website=India TV|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324160926/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/west-bengal-opinion-poll-bjp-tmc-seats-prediction-people-pulse-c-voter-cnx-survey-latest-news-693268|url-status=live}}</ref>
|95
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''183'''
|16
|0
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''88'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |23 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |Jan-Ki-Baat<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pandey |first1=Aanchal |date=23 March 2021|title=India News Jan Ki Baat Opinion Poll Bengal: TMC BJP MAHAJOT Vote Percent in West Bengal Assembly Election Result 2021 India News Jan Ki Baat Opinion Poll Bengal: परिवर्तन के पक्ष में बंगाल की जनता, जानिए बीजेपी और टीएमसी को कितने प्रतिशत वोट?|url=https://www.inkhabar.com/national/india-news-jan-ki-baat-opinion-poll-bengal-tmc-bjp-mahajot-vote-percent-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-708145|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Inkhabar|language=hi|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323202301/https://www.inkhabar.com/national/india-news-jan-ki-baat-opinion-poll-bengal-tmc-bjp-mahajot-vote-percent-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-708145|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pandey |first1=Aanchal |date=23 March 2021|title=India News Jan Ki Baat Opinion Poll Bengal: BJP TMC MAHAJOT Seat Sharing in West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 Result, Win Loss Seat Sharing India News Jan Ki Baat Opinion Poll West Bengal : पश्चिम बंगाल में चलेगा बीजेपी का जादू, इतनी सीटों पर सिमट सकती हैं ममता बनर्जी की पार्टी टीएमसी|url=https://www.inkhabar.com/national/india-news-jan-ki-baat-opinion-poll-bengal-bjp-tmc-mahajot-seat-sharing-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-result-win-loss-seat-sharing-708157|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Inkhabar|language=hi|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502154026/https://www.inkhabar.com/national/india-news-jan-ki-baat-opinion-poll-bengal-bjp-tmc-mahajot-seat-sharing-in-west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-result-win-loss-seat-sharing-708157|url-status=live}}</ref>
|118–134
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''150–162'''
|10–14
|0
| rowspan="2" {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''16–44'''
|-
|44.1%
| {{Party shading/BJP}} |'''44.8%'''
|7.5%
|3%
|-
| rowspan="2" |20 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |Polstrat<ref>{{cite web|last=Maskara|first=Shreya|date=20 March 2021|title=Polstrat Opinion Poll 2021: Voices from West Bengal|url=https://polstrat.medium.com/polstrat-opinion-poll-2021-voices-from-west-bengal-548eb5fad7d3|access-date=30 April 2021|website=Medium|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430112020/https://polstrat.medium.com/polstrat-opinion-poll-2021-voices-from-west-bengal-548eb5fad7d3|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''163'''
|102
|29
|0
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''61'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''44.4%'''
|37.4%
|11.7%
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''7%'''
|-
|17 March 2021
| rowspan="1" |Shining India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shiningindianews.com/2021/03/west-bengal-election-2021-shining-india-opinion-poll-predicts-mamata-banerjees-return-as-cm/|title=West Bengal Election 2021: Shining India Opinion Poll predicts Mamata Banerjee's return as CM|website=Shining India News|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517230412/https://shiningindianews.com/2021/03/west-bengal-election-2021-shining-india-opinion-poll-predicts-mamata-banerjees-return-as-cm/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''157–179'''
|78–100
|28–42
|0–4
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''57–101'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |15 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |ABP News – C Voter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-poll-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-puducherry-election-opinion-poll-results-news-1448615|title=ABP News-CVoter Opinion Poll 2021 HIGHLIGHTS: From TMC To AINRC; Know Who Is Leading Where Ahead Of Assembly Polls|date=15 March 2021|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624220914/https://news.abplive.com/news/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-poll-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-puducherry-election-opinion-poll-results-news-1448615|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-results-west-bengal-opinion-poll-results-2021-mamata-banerjee-tmc-bjp-congress-vote-share-seat-wise-details-1448620|title=ABP Opinion Poll: TMC Still Top Choice in West Bengal, BJP Inches Closer; Cong+Left Nowhere in Race|date=15 March 2021|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624220916/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cvoter-opinion-poll-2021-results-west-bengal-opinion-poll-results-2021-mamata-banerjee-tmc-bjp-congress-vote-share-seat-wise-details-1448620|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/abp-ananda-c-voter-opinion-poll-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-poll-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-puducherry-election-opinion-poll-results-news-805831|title=WB Election C-Voter Opinion Poll 2021 LIVE: বাংলার মসনদে কে, কী বলছে সি ভোটারের তৃতীয় দফার সমীক্ষা?|first=ওয়েব ডেস্ক, এবিপি|last=আনন্দ|date=15 March 2021|website=bengali.abplive.com|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624220914/https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/abp-ananda-c-voter-opinion-poll-2021-live-updates-west-bengal-poll-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-puducherry-election-opinion-poll-results-news-805831|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''150–166'''
|98–114
|23–31
|3–5
| rowspan="2" style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''36–52'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''43.4%'''
|38.4%
|12.7
|5.5%
|-
| rowspan="2" |8 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |ABP News – CNX<ref>{{cite web|date=8 March 2021|title=ABP-CNX Opinion Poll 2021: BJP Loses Ground, TMC Constant; Check Swinging Vote Share & Seat Projection Ahead of Bengal Polls|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cnx-opinion-poll-west-bengal-election-2021-constituency-wise-vote-share-and-seat-projection-1447581|access-date=9 March 2021|website=ABP Live|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308203431/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cnx-opinion-poll-west-bengal-election-2021-constituency-wise-vote-share-and-seat-projection-1447581|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''154–164'''
|102–112
|22–30
|01-03
| rowspan="2" style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42–62'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42%'''
|34%
|20%
|4%
|-
| rowspan="2" |8 March 2021
| rowspan="2" |Times Now – C Voter<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Pre Poll Survey 2021: Mamata likely to retain power; BJP expected to bag 107 seats|url=https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEPPjfqho0RSF-AVkPKKZKQoqGQgEKhAIACoHCAowr6n9CjCr4PQCMOTdpQY|access-date=9 March 2021|website=Google News|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828050229/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/west-bengal-election-pre-poll-survey/729852|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''146–162'''
|99–112
|29–37
|0
| rowspan="2" style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''31–63'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0" |'''42.2%'''
|37.5%
|14.8%
|5.5%
|-
| rowspan="2" |24 February 2021
| rowspan="2" |Times Democracy<ref name="crowdwisdom360.com"/><ref name="oneindia.com"/>
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''151'''
|131
|12
| –
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''20'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''44.10%'''
|39.61%
|12.70%
|3.59%
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''4.49%'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |13–14 February 2021
| rowspan="2" |NK Digital Magazine{{efn|name=fn5|This survey was larger than any other opinion poll conducted by other agencies, on the basis of sample size, which for this survey was 147,000.}}<ref name="crowdwisdom360.com"/><ref>{{cite web|date=13 February 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 Opinion Poll Final Part, Episode 1 &#124; TMC BJP CPIM CONGRESS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34zFbLBtMEs|website=NK Digital Magazine|language=bn|access-date=16 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513203712/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34zFbLBtMEs|url-status=live}}</ref>
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''192'''
|69
|30
|3
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''123'''
|-
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''49%'''
|39%
|10%
|2%
| style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''10%'''
|}

''NK Digital Magazine''{{'s}} opinion poll predicted victory for TMC in Jangipur and Samserganj.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=12 September 2021|title=UP & West Bengal Assembly ElectionOpinion Poll Part 1 {{!}} NK Digital|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-y1iPKonQ0Y|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=YouTube|language=bn|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915121742/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-y1iPKonQ0Y|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=15 September 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2021{{!}} Bhawanipur {{!}} By Poll #Mamata Banerjee # Priyanka Tibrewal|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyqo-cM6UP0|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=YouTube|language=bn|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915121737/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyqo-cM6UP0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=16 September 2021|title=Bhawanipur Ka Bhabishya {{!}} Future of Mamata Banerjee {{!}} NK India|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUf9V0eCYCA|publisher=NK INDIA|via=YouTube|language=hi|access-date=16 September 2021|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916063306/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUf9V0eCYCA|url-status=live}}</ref> They also conducted a pre-poll survey across poll-bound Assembly constituencies that predicted TMC's victory.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=17 October 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 Opinion Poll|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBqp41rck5g|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=17 October 2021|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017064540/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBqp41rck5g|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=24 October 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 Opinion Poll of Santipur Dinhata Bye Poll NK Digital|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE9aDJRjPpI|publisher=NK Digital Magazine|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024041358/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE9aDJRjPpI|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Election==
===COVID-19 guidelines===
The ECI issued various health guidelines for conducting the elections, including the use of masks, sanitisation of the polling booths, use of thermal scanners before entering the polling booths, maintaining social distancing, and so forth.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 February 2021|title=Election Covid Guidelines: করোনা আবহে কোভিড বিধি মেনেই ভোট, জেনে নিন সব গাইডলাইন|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/news/covid-safety-election-guidelines-to-be-followed-in-elections-announced-by-election-commission-803518|access-date=7 March 2021|website=ABP Ananda|language=bn|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309150606/https://bengali.abplive.com/news/covid-safety-election-guidelines-to-be-followed-in-elections-announced-by-election-commission-803518|url-status=live}}</ref> The maximum number of voters for each polling station was lowered to 1000 from 1500.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 March 2021|title=Assembly polls 2021: Guidelines in place for Covid-positive voters|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/assembly-polls-2021-guidelines-in-place-for-covid-positive-voters-957152.html|access-date=7 March 2021|website=Deccan Herald|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303070132/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/assembly-polls-2021-guidelines-in-place-for-covid-positive-voters-957152.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:A volunteer conducting thermal screening of the voters, at a polling booth, during the third phase of the West Bengal Assembly Election, in Uluberia, West Bengal on April 06, 2021.jpg|thumb|A volunteer conducting [[Thermometer|thermal screening]] on voters at a polling booth during the third phase of the West Bengal Assembly Election, in [[Uluberia]], West Bengal, on 6 April 2021]]

After COVID-19 cases increased in the state,<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 March 2021|title=COVID-19 cases spike in poll-bound West Bengal|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/covid-19-cases-spike-in-poll-bound-west-bengal/article34095578.ece|access-date=11 April 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411112643/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/covid-19-cases-spike-in-poll-bound-west-bengal/article34095578.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> the ECI issued warnings for all recognised state and national political parties to strictly follow COVID-19 guidelines,<ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Follow Covid norms or will ban rallies, Election Commission tells parties|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/follow-covid-norms-or-will-ban-rallies-election-commission-tells-parties-7266946/|access-date=11 April 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410175355/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/follow-covid-norms-or-will-ban-rallies-election-commission-tells-parties-7266946/|url-status=live}}</ref> and banned all political rallies, public meetings, street plays and ''nukkad sabhas'' from 7 pm to 10 am starting from 16 April.<ref>{{cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=West Bengal Election 2021: EC bans rallies, public meetings from 7 pm to 10 am amid COVID surge|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-west-bengal-election-2021-ec-bans-rallies-public-meetings-from-7-pm-to-10-am-amid-covid-surge-2886669|access-date=16 April 2021|website=DNA India|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416150848/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-west-bengal-election-2021-ec-bans-rallies-public-meetings-from-7-pm-to-10-am-amid-covid-surge-2886669|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 April 2021, before the seventh and eighth phases of voting, the ECI forbade roadshows, and added that at most 500 people were allowed in public meetings.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bhandari|first=Shashwat|date=22 April 2021|title=Covid-19: EC restricts Bengal election campaigning, parties can't hold roadshows|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-election-commission-big-decision-restricts-bengal-election-campaigning-bans-roadshows-699768|access-date=22 April 2021|website=India TV|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422155503/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-election-commission-big-decision-restricts-bengal-election-campaigning-bans-roadshows-699768|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 April, they issued a notification over banning victory processions on and after the day the votes were counted.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 April 2021|title=Amid Covid-19 surge, Election Commission bans victory processions during and after counting of votes on May 2|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/election-commission-bans-victory-processions-during-and-after-counting-of-votes-on-may-2-7290853/|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427050742/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/election-commission-bans-victory-processions-during-and-after-counting-of-votes-on-may-2-7290853/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Security preparations===
[[File:An elderly elector cast her vote with assistance of CAPF Jawans at 260 Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly Constituency of Purba Bardhaman District.jpg|thumb|An elderly voter casts her vote with the help of [[Central Armed Police Forces|CAPF]] officers at 260 [[Bardhaman Dakshin|Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency]] of the [[Purba Bardhaman district]].]]

After several instances of violence, threats, and murders before the polls were announced, the ECI and the [[Ministry of Home Affairs|Home Ministry]] ordered twelve companies of [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (CAPF) to be deployed in West Bengal on 20 February. At least 125 more CAPF troops were dispatched to reach West Bengal on 25 February to focus on sensitive zones.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal Election 2021: 12 Companies Of Central Forces Reach Bengal As Poll Preparation Begins|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/west-bengal-election-2021-12-companies-of-central-forces-reach-bengal-as-poll-preparation-begins-6548611.html|access-date=8 March 2021|website=Moneycontrol|date=20 February 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309161213/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/west-bengal-election-2021-12-companies-of-central-forces-reach-bengal-as-poll-preparation-begins-6548611.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 60 companies of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF), 30 companies of the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB), 25 companies of the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF) and five companies each of the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF) and the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP).<ref>{{cite web|date=4 March 2021|title=Explained: Why the EC is sending 125 companies of CAPF to Bengal before poll announcement|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/west-bengal-assembly-elections-central-forces-deployment-7197073/|access-date=8 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226075433/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/west-bengal-assembly-elections-central-forces-deployment-7197073/|url-status=live}}</ref> The total number of central forces rose to 725,<ref>{{cite web|title=725 CAPF companies to be deployed for West Bengal polls, informs CRPF DG|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/725-capf-companies-to-be-deployed-for-west-bengal-polls-informs-crpf-dg|access-date=10 April 2021|website=Free Press Journal|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410180208/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/725-capf-companies-to-be-deployed-for-west-bengal-polls-informs-crpf-dg|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=725 CAPF companies to be deployed for West Bengal polls: CRPF chief Kuldiep Singh {{!}} West Bengal News|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/725-capf-companies-to-be-deployed-for-west-bengal-polls-crpf-chief-kuldiep-singh/734173|access-date=10 April 2021|website=Times Now|date=18 March 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410180207/https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/india/west-bengal/article/725-capf-companies-to-be-deployed-for-west-bengal-polls-crpf-chief-kuldiep-singh/734173|url-status=live}}</ref> before a final total of 1,000 companies after the third phase of polling.<ref>{{cite news|title=200 more CAPF companies to reach Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/200-more-capf-companies-to-reach-bengal/articleshow/81891164.cms|access-date=10 April 2021|website=The Times of India|date=4 April 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410181914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/200-more-capf-companies-to-reach-bengal/articleshow/81891164.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the second phase of election, [[Section 144]] of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|Code of Criminal Procedure]] was implemented across areas in the Tamluk and Haldia subdivisions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaushika|first=Pragya|date=31 March 2021|title=Ahead of phase II polling, Bengal administration imposes Section 144 in Nandigram, adjoining constituencies|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ahead-of-phase-ii-polling-bengal-administration-imposes-section-144-in-nandigram-adjoining-constituencies20210331160318/|access-date=31 March 2021|website=ANI News|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331135234/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ahead-of-phase-ii-polling-bengal-administration-imposes-section-144-in-nandigram-adjoining-constituencies20210331160318/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the fourth phase of polling, the ECI deployed an extra 71 companies of central forces.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Amid poll-related violence, 71 more CAPF companies rushed to West Bengal|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/amid-poll-related-violence-71-more-capf-companies-rushed-to-west-bengal/2230757/|access-date=10 April 2021|website=The Financial Express|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410141537/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/amid-poll-related-violence-71-more-capf-companies-rushed-to-west-bengal/2230757/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Voting ===
[[File:Polling officials carrying the Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs) and other necessary inputs required for the West Bengal Assembly Election, at a distribution centre, in Uluberia, West Bengal on April 05, 2021.jpg|thumb|Polling officials carrying the electronic voting machines and other necessary devices required for the West Bengal Assembly election at a distribution centre in [[Uluberia]], West Bengal, on 5 April 2021]]
[[File:First time voters showing mark of indelible ink after casting their vote, at a polling booth, during the fourth phase of the West Bengal Assembly Election in Kolkata, West Bengal on April 10, 20.jpg|thumb|First time voters showing [[election ink]] marks after casting their vote at a polling booth during the fourth phase of the West Bengal Assembly election at Nehru Colony Primary School, [[Regent Park, Kolkata|Regent Park]], [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, on 10 April 2021]]
[[File:Voters standing in the queue to cast their votes, at a polling booth, during the third phase of the West Bengal Assembly Election, in Uluberia, West Bengal on April 06, 2021.jpg|thumb|Voters standing in a queue to cast their votes at a polling booth during the third phase of the West Bengal Assembly election, in [[Uluberia]], West Bengal, on 6 April 2021]]

====Voter turnout====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Phase wise voter turnout
|-
!colspan="2"| Phase
! Seats
! Voters
! Polled
! Turnout
|-
|bgcolor=#FFF101|
|'''I'''
|{{right|30}}
|{{right|7,380,942}}
|
| '''84.63%'''
|-
| bgcolor=#CEAD56|
|'''II'''
|{{right|30}}
|{{right|7,594,549}}
|
| '''86.11%'''
|-
|bgcolor=#8FCB76|
|'''III'''
|{{right|31}}
|{{right|7,852,425}}
|
| '''84.61%'''
|-
| bgcolor=#C5CEE8|
|'''IV'''
|{{right|44}}
|{{right|11,581,022}}
|
|'''79.90%'''
|-
| bgcolor=#E3A6CB|
|'''V'''
|{{right|45}}
|{{right|11,347,344}}
|
| '''82.49%'''
|-
| bgcolor=#9C85BD|
|'''VI'''
|{{right|43}}
|{{right|10,387,791}}
|
| '''82.00%'''
|-
| bgcolor=#61A1D7|
|'''VII'''
|{{right|34}}
|{{right|8,188,907}}
|
|'''76.89%'''
|-
|bgcolor=#91D6E3|
|'''VIII'''
|{{right|35}}
|{{right|8,477,728}}
|
| '''78.32%'''
|-
|bgcolor=#000000|
|Later
|{{right|2}}
|{{right|490,212 <ref name=news18_056/><ref name=news18_058/>}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"|Total
! {{right|294}}
! {{right| 73,298,428 }}
! 59,935,989
! 82.30%
|}

*Number of general voters: 73,294,980
**Male voters: 37,366,306
**Female voters: 35,927,084
**Non-binary voters: 1,590
*Number of service voters: 112,642
*Overseas voters: 210
*Total number of voters: 73,407,832
*Polling stations: 101,916<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/over-20-lakh-new-voters-added-to-final-electoral-rolls-for-west-bengal-101610721194588.html|title=Over 20 lakh new voters added to final electoral rolls for West Bengal|date=15 January 2021|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628110410/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/over-20-lakh-new-voters-added-to-final-electoral-rolls-for-west-bengal-101610721194588.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/west-bengal-elections-2021-tmc-bjp-congress-cpm-election-commission-7207375/|title=Explained: What the 8-phase West Bengal election means for EC, parties and voters|date=16 March 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628110409/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/west-bengal-elections-2021-tmc-bjp-congress-cpm-election-commission-7207375/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-phase-3-voting-date-schedule-key-candidates-and-constituencies-all-you-need-to-know/2226570/|title=West Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: Phase-3 voting date, schedule, key candidates and constituencies – All you need to know|date=4 April 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628085118/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-phase-3-voting-date-schedule-key-candidates-and-constituencies-all-you-need-to-know/2226570/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Phases====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Phase
!Description
!Citation
|-
!I
|Nearly 74 [[lakh]] voters across 10,288 polling stations of West Bengal were registered in this phase of election. [[Webcast]]ing was arranged for 5,392 polling stations. During this phase, a total of 10,288 [[Ballot|Ballot Units]] (BUs), 10,288 [[Control unit|Control Units]] (CUs) and 10,288 [[Voter-verified paper audit trail]]s (VVPATs) were used in West Bengal.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Polling for Phase 1 Assam and West Bengal Assembly Constituencies conducted peacefully & successfully|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13207-polling-for-phase-1-assam-and-west-bengal-assembly-constituencies-conducted-peacefully-successfully/|access-date=27 March 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327144552/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13207-polling-for-phase-1-assam-and-west-bengal-assembly-constituencies-conducted-peacefully-successfully/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!II
|Nearly 73 lakh electorates across 10,592 polling stations of West Bengal were registered in this phase of election. Webcasting were arranged for 5,535 polling stations. During this phase, a total of 10,620 BUs, 10,620 CUs, and 10,620 VVPATs were used. 1,137 [[Flying Squad]]s (FS) and 1,012 Static [[Surveillance|Surveillance Teams]] (SST) checked the transfer of cash, liquor, drugs and [[Promotional merchandise|freebies]]. 3 Air Intelligence Units (AIU) of the IT Department were also set up at Kolkata, Andal, [[Durgapur]] and [[Bagdogra]]. 14,499 cases of Model Code of Conduct violations were reported in West Bengal with 11,630 detained until 4:30 pm of voting day.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Polling for Phase 2 Assam and West Bengal Assembly Constituencies conducted peacefully.|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13229-polling-for-phase-2-assam-and-west-bengal-assembly-constituencies-conducted-peacefully/|access-date=2 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401134954/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13229-polling-for-phase-2-assam-and-west-bengal-assembly-constituencies-conducted-peacefully/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!III
|A total of 7,852,425 voters were eligible to vote in 10,871 polling stations, out of which, 64,083 were [[Disability|physically disabled]] voters, and 126,177 voters were above the age of 80. 22 general observers, 7 police observers and 9 [[Expense|expenditure]] observers were deployed.
|<ref>{{cite web|date=6 April 2021|title=Polling in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and for Phase 3 Assembly Constituencies in Assam and West Bengal conducted peacefully Voting held in 1.5 lakh Polling Stations across 475 Assembly Constituencies|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13275-polling-in-kerala-tamil-nadu-puducherry-and-for-phase-3-assembly-constituencies-in-assam-and-west-bengal-conducted-peacefully-voting-held-in-15-lakh-polling-stations-across-475-assembly-constituencies/|access-date=9 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406130330/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13275-polling-in-kerala-tamil-nadu-puducherry-and-for-phase-3-assembly-constituencies-in-assam-and-west-bengal-conducted-peacefully-voting-held-in-15-lakh-polling-stations-across-475-assembly-constituencies/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!IV
|A total of 11,581,022 voters were eligible to vote in this phase of election, of which 50,523 were physically disabled voters, and 203,927 were voters above the age of 80.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Polling in Phase 4 Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal conducted today; ECI adjourns polling in PS 126 of 5-Sitalkuchi (SC) Assembly constituency, Cooch Behar|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13295-polling-in-phase-4-assembly-constituencies-in-west-bengal-conducted-today-eci-adjourns-polling-in-ps-126-of-5-sitalkuchi-sc-assembly-constituency-cooch-behar/|access-date=18 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418105708/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13295-polling-in-phase-4-assembly-constituencies-in-west-bengal-conducted-today-eci-adjourns-polling-in-ps-126-of-5-sitalkuchi-sc-assembly-constituency-cooch-behar/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!V
|A total of 11,347,344 voters were eligible to vote in this phase of election, of which 60,198 were physically disabled, and 179,634 were above the age of 80.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Polling in 15,789 Polling Stations spread across 45 Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal Phase V Elections, Bye-Election in 2 Parliamentary Constituencies and 12 Assembly Constituencies across 10 States conducted peacefully today|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13329-polling-in-15789-polling-stations-spread-across-45-assembly-constituencies-in-west-bengal-phase-v-elections-bye-election-in-2-parliamentary-constituencies-and-12-assembly-constituencies-across-10-states-conducted-peacefully-today/|access-date=18 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417130510/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13329-polling-in-15789-polling-stations-spread-across-45-assembly-constituencies-in-west-bengal-phase-v-elections-bye-election-in-2-parliamentary-constituencies-and-12-assembly-constituencies-across-10-states-conducted-peacefully-today/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!VI
|A total of 10,387,791 voters were eligible to vote in this phase of election, of which 64,266 were physically disabled and 157,290 were above the age of 80.
|<ref>{{cite web|date=22 April 2021|title=Polling held in 14,480 Polling Stations spread across 43 ACs in Phase VI WB Elections. Voter Turnout (at 5 PM) for Phase VI West Bengal Election 79.09%|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13337-polling-held-in-14480-polling-stations-spread-across-43-acs-in-phase-vi-wb-elections-voter-turnout-at-5-pm-for-phase-vi-west-bengal-election-7909/|access-date=22 April 2021|website=Election Commission of India|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422130520/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/13337-polling-held-in-14480-polling-stations-spread-across-43-acs-in-phase-vi-wb-elections-voter-turnout-at-5-pm-for-phase-vi-west-bengal-election-7909/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!VII
|A total of 8,188,907 voters were eligible to vote in this phase of election, of which 50,919 were physically disabled and 101,689 were above the age of 80.
|<ref name="pib.gov.in" />
|-
!VIII
|A total of 8,478,274 voters were eligible to vote in this phase of election, of which 72,094 were physically disabled, and 112,440 were above the age of 80.
|<ref name="pib.gov.in" />
|}

==Incidents==
*In February, Jakir Hossain, the MLA from Jangipur and [[Department of Labour (West Bengal)|Labour Minister of West Bengal]], received serious injuries after bombs were thrown at him in the [[Nimtita railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|date=17 February 2021|title=West Bengal minister Jakir Hossain injured in bomb attack in railway station|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/west-bengal-minister-jakir-hossain-injured-in-bomb-attack-in-railway-station/articleshow/81077096.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024150419/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/west-bengal-minister-jakir-hossain-injured-in-bomb-attack-in-railway-station/articleshow/81077096.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 February 2021|title=West Bengal minister Jakir Hossain injured in crude bomb attack in Murshidabad|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-minister-jakir-hossain-injured-crude-bomb-attack-railway-station-murshidabad-1770305-2021-02-17|work=India Today|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024150953/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-minister-jakir-hossain-injured-crude-bomb-attack-railway-station-murshidabad-1770305-2021-02-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=18 February 2021|title=Bengal Minister Jakir Hossain Injured in Bomb Attack, CID Takes Over Probe|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-cid-to-probe-bomb-attack-on-minister-jakir-hossain-2373041|work=NDTV|access-date=24 October 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024152153/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-cid-to-probe-bomb-attack-on-minister-jakir-hossain-2373041|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On their way to attend the Brigade rally of Sanjukta Morcha, ISF workers attacked TMC activists in Bhangar.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 February 2021|title=ব্রিগেডের পথে তৃণমূল কর্মী–সমর্থকদের মেরে মাথা ফাটাল আব্বাস সিদ্দিকীর অনুগামীরা|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/tmc-workers-and-supporters-attacked-by-isf-workers-and-followers-of-abbas-siddiqui-while-going-to-brigade-meeting-31614498938785.html|work=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn|access-date=9 January 2022|archive-date=9 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109001347/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/tmc-workers-and-supporters-attacked-by-isf-workers-and-followers-of-abbas-siddiqui-while-going-to-brigade-meeting-31614498938785.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*On 10 March, Mamata Banerjee filed her nomination at the Haldia sub-divisional office headquarters as the TMC candidate for [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]. Around 6:15 pm she was injured when she was leaving the Birulia market area of that constituency. She alleged that she was pushed by "four-five people" who manhandled her and slammed the door of her car on her foot. She was taken to [[IPGMER and SSKM Hospital|SSKM Hospital]] in Kolkata for treatment.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mamata Banerjee 'attacked' in Nandigram: Key developments|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/mamata-banerjee-attacked-in-nandigram-key-developments/articleshow/81434254.cms|website=The Times of India|date=10 March 2021|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603070007/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/mamata-banerjee-attacked-in-nandigram-key-developments/articleshow/81434254.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> BJP MP [[Subramanian Swamy]] made a direct call to her office and inquired about her health before giving a statement wishing her good health.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=বিরোধীদের কদর্য মন্তব্য ঘিরে নিন্দার ঝড় উঠল দেশজুড়ে|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282985&P=1&nPID=20210312|website=bartamanpatrika.com|language=bn|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706122230/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282985&P=1&nPID=20210312|url-status=live}}</ref> A day after being injured, Mamata Banerjee released a video message urging people and party workers to be calm and exercise restraint.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2021|title=Mamata releases message from hospital, says, 'Please be calm'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/mamata-releases-message-from-hospital-says-please-be-calm-101615453981707.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203212/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/mamata-releases-message-from-hospital-says-please-be-calm-101615453981707.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee's Video Message: 'কর্মসূচির কোনও পরিবর্তন হবে না, প্রয়োজনে হুইল চেয়ারে যাব', বার্তা মমতার|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/elections/mamata-banerjee-s-video-message-i-will-get-back-to-work-within-2-3-days-says-mamata-banerjee-805237|website=bengali.abplive.com|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203456/https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/elections/mamata-banerjee-s-video-message-i-will-get-back-to-work-within-2-3-days-says-mamata-banerjee-805237|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days after being admitted, she was discharged at the TMC's multiple requests.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee discharged from hospital after 2 days, leaves on wheelchair|website=[[ThePrint]] |url=https://theprint.in/politics/mamata-banerjee-discharged-from-hospital-after-2-days-leaves-on-wheelchair/620842/|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213918/https://theprint.in/politics/mamata-banerjee-discharged-from-hospital-after-2-days-leaves-on-wheelchair/620842/|url-status=live}}</ref> She alleged that the attack was orchestrated by Adhikari, who denied the claim. Eyewitness Nitai Maity, a sweet shopkeeper, said "[t]he crowd was already there. But as soon as the car arrived, it was as if the area was flooded with people. There was a bit of pushing. In the meantime, Mamata Banerjee had just opened the front door of the car and had just stepped out. Suddenly there was a push from outside and the door closed. Mamata Banerjee suddenly fell to the ground with a severe leg injury."<ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2021|title=দোকানের সামনে ভিড় ছিলই, মমতা গাড়ি থেকে পা নামাতেই আকস্মিক বিষয়টা ঘটে!|url=https://tv9bangla.com/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-injured-in-nandigram-what-exactly-happened-with-mamata-banerjee-in-nandigram-eyewitnesses-said-337736.html|website=TV9 Bangla|language=bn|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715135203/https://tv9bangla.com/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-injured-in-nandigram-what-exactly-happened-with-mamata-banerjee-in-nandigram-eyewitnesses-said-337736.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Medinipur DIG Kunal Agarwal, District Magistrate Bivu Goel, and Superintendent of Police Praveen Prakash went to Birulia Bazar, Nandigram, on Thursday morning to collect eyewitness statements before sending their report to the ECI, whose report on the incident officially ruled out any possibility of foul play and suspended two police officers for being absent from the chief minister's convoy of policemen meant to provide her safety. TMC and BJP workers clashed in front of the DM and the SP. Mamata Banerjee continued to campaign, and the BJP accused of her of trying to gain the voters' sympathy by flaunting her injured leg in an attempt to "[play] the victim card". Some self-proclaimed eyewitnesses claimed that the car door collided with an iron beam embedded on the road, but [[Firhad Hakim]] stated that it had no scratches.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2021|title=হুইল চেয়ারেই প্রচারে যাব: মমতা {{!}} গাড়িতে দাগ নেই কেন, খুঁটি তত্ত্ব উড়িয়ে যুক্তি ফিরহাদের|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282987&P=1&nPID=20210312|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007162602/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282987&P=1&nPID=20210312|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2021|title='গাড়িতে দাগ লাগেনি', নন্দীগ্রাম কাণ্ডে 'স্তম্ভ তত্ত্ব' উড়িয়ে দিল তৃণমূল শীর্ষ নেতৃত্ব|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/no-scratch-mark-at-car-tmc-sticks-to-conspiracy-claim-in-alleged-attack-on-mamata-banerjee-case-alb-qptckc|work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=bn|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202927/https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/no-scratch-mark-at-car-tmc-sticks-to-conspiracy-claim-in-alleged-attack-on-mamata-banerjee-case-alb-qptckc|url-status=live}}</ref> TMC leaders stated that most of those who were giving eyewitness statements were BJP staff members<ref>{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title='Conspiracy by BJP': TMC's Memorandum to EC Seeks Probe into 'Attack' on Mamata Banerjee|url=https://thewire.in/politics/conspiracy-by-bjp-tmcs-memorandum-to-ec-seeks-probe-into-attack-on-mamata-banerjee|work=The Wire|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202657/https://thewire.in/politics/conspiracy-by-bjp-tmcs-memorandum-to-ec-seeks-probe-into-attack-on-mamata-banerjee|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=13 March 2021|title=BJP conspiracy to kill Mamata Banerjee: TMC to EC|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tmc-election-commission-mamata-banerjee-attack-bjp-west-bengal-elections-2021-7226088/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203804/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tmc-election-commission-mamata-banerjee-attack-bjp-west-bengal-elections-2021-7226088/|url-status=live}}</ref> and asked, "If they are really 'eyewitnesses' then why did they go near the Chief Minister's convoy in that crowd (despite being workers of the BJP)?" Paritosh Jana, TMC President of the Birulia region, said, "The BJP had planted some drunken people into the crowd. They attacked the Chief Minister pretending to have a view of her. They pushed the Supremo when she opened the car's door and was about to step out. The CM did not name any political party. She had only spoken of miscreants. But the BJP is opposing in advance. (They are) giving slogans against the CM. We firmly believe that it is the work of the BJP. It's just like 'the loud voice of a thief's mother' ([[Bengali language|Bangla]] version of the proverb 'rogues supplant justice')."<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2021|title=মমতার কনভয়ের কাছে 'প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী' বিজেপি কর্মীরা কেন, প্রশ্ন নন্দীগ্রামে {{!}} ডিএম-এসপির সামনেই হাতাহাতি|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282838&P=1&nPID=20210312|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007161420/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=282838&P=1&nPID=20210312|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 15 March, [[Mamata Banerjee]] claimed that at a political rally in [[Balarampur, Purulia Assembly constituency|Balarampur]] that goons were entering through the border of [[Ajodhya Hills]] area. She accused the [[BJP]] of planning to loot votes by sending goons from outside by trains on the eve of the election in order to intimidate voters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/tmc-leader-mamata-banerjee-is-at-balarampur-in-purulia-ahead-of-wb-assembly-election-2021/|title='প্রচারে বাধা দিতেই আমার উপর হামলা', বলরামপুরের সভা থেকে বিস্ফোরক মমতা|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628193352/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/tmc-leader-mamata-banerjee-is-at-balarampur-in-purulia-ahead-of-wb-assembly-election-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 March, she repeated these claims and made demands to seal the border areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-demands-to-seal-the-border-areas/cid/1272465|title=Bengal Polls: সীমানা সিলের দাবি মমতার|first=প্রশান্ত পাল , শুভ্রপ্রকাশ|last=মণ্ডল|website=Anandabazar|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628193352/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-demands-to-seal-the-border-areas/cid/1272465|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 February, [[Kolkata TV]] had reported on BJP workers entering West Bengal from the [[Hindi Belt]]. Each of them was given 300 rupees per day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q0pX9kUbs0|title=আপনার কথা|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|KOLKATA TV]]|via=YouTube|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629214710/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q0pX9kUbs0|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 April, some miscreants with firearms were caught on Kolkata TV cameras in [[Birbhum]]. They claimed to be outsiders and said that they were hired to do this for 10,000 rupees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpPxFbwKaZU|title=ভিনরাজ্যের ভাড়া করা দুষ্কৃতী|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|KOLKATA TV]]|via=YouTube|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629214705/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpPxFbwKaZU|url-status=live}}</ref>)
*In Baruipur, a TMC activist was killed in clash with members of CPI(M) and ISF.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=TMC worker killed in clash with CPI(M)-ISF; five arrested|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/25/tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-cpim-isf-fivearrested-2281406.html|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=9 January 2022|archive-date=9 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109003844/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/25/tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-cpim-isf-fivearrested-2281406.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=West Bengal: TMC worker killed in clash with CPI(M)-ISF in South 24 Parganas district; 5 arrested|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/west-bengal-tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-cpim-isf-in-south-24-parganas-district-5-arrested-693427|work=IndiaTV News|access-date=9 January 2022|archive-date=9 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109003845/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/west-bengal-tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-cpim-isf-in-south-24-parganas-district-5-arrested-693427|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=TMC worker killed in clash with ISF and Left; 5 arrested|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-isf-and-left-5-arrested-dbr-qqkini|work=Asianet Newsable|access-date=9 January 2022|archive-date=9 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109003844/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/tmc-worker-killed-in-clash-with-isf-and-left-5-arrested-dbr-qqkini|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Before the first phase of election, an election vehicle was set on fire by two unknown men.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengal Polls 2021: Car on duty for first phase election set ablaze|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-car-on-duty-for-first-phase-poll-set-afire/cid/1810781|access-date=27 March 2021|website=The Telegraph|archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326233639/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-car-on-duty-for-first-phase-poll-set-afire/cid/1810781|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 25 March, state BJP president [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]] made derogatory comments against Mamata Banerjee from a political rally in [[Purulia]] for which he was issued a notice by the ECI. He raised questions on her character due to her unmarried status and stated that if she wants to flaunt her injured leg before the public to gain political dividends, then she should wear [[bermuda shorts]] (euphemism for [[underwear]] in [[Indian English]]) instead of a [[saree]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dilips-bermuda-comments-against-cm-spark-outrage/articleshow/81678138.cms|title='Wear Bermudas to show injured leg : BJP leader Dilip Ghosh to Mamata Banerjee|website=The Times of India|date=25 March 2021 }}</ref>
*On 27 March, the day of first phase polling, TMC supporters protested outside booth 172 of Majna of the [[Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency|South Contai seat]], alleging electronic voting machine malfunction. They alleged that casting a vote for TMC displayed the lotus sign of BJP. Similar allegations came from the closest booth to it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/voters-complained-of-not-being-able-to-vote-properly-in-evm-in-kanthi-spb-qqm3sj|title='তৃণমূলে ভোট দিলে পড়ছে বিজেপিতে', দক্ষিণ কাঁথির মাজনায় বিক্ষোভ শাসক দলের|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=11 June 2021|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611174441/https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/voters-complained-of-not-being-able-to-vote-properly-in-evm-in-kanthi-spb-qqm3sj|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/south-kanthi-electorates-allege-vvpat-error-say-all-votes-going-to-bjp-435731|title=South Kanthi: Electorates allege VVPAT error, say all votes going to BJP|date=29 March 2021|website=millenniumpost.in|access-date=11 June 2021|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611175954/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/south-kanthi-electorates-allege-vvpat-error-say-all-votes-going-to-bjp-435731|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7K-0CRdILE|title=চূড়ান্ত পরাজয় সুনিশ্চিত বিজেপির|date=27 March 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201008/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7K-0CRdILE|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Two security personnel were reportedly injured in Satsatmal village, [[Purba Medinipur]] district, in a firing and bombing incident during phase 1 of polling.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 March 2021|title=Bengal polls: 2 security personnel injured in bombing in Purba Medinipur|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/bengal-polls-2-security-personnel-injured-in-bombing-in-purba-medinipur-121032700223_1.html|access-date=3 April 2021|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327073600/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/bengal-polls-2-security-personnel-injured-in-bombing-in-purba-medinipur-121032700223_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*A BJP worker's dead body was found in [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] during the first phase of election.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajaram|first=Prema|date=27 March 2021|title=BJP worker's body found in West Midnapore as district goes to polls in first phase of Bengal election|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bjp-worker-body-found-in-west-midnapore-1784232-2021-03-27|access-date=27 March 2021|website=India Today|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327061724/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bjp-worker-body-found-in-west-midnapore-1784232-2021-03-27|url-status=live}}</ref> The ECI said that they did not find any political motive in his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/one-political-party-worker-killed-every-two-days-bengal|title=One political party worker is killed every two days in Bengal|date=3 April 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628140838/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/one-political-party-worker-killed-every-two-days-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Three TMC activists were injured in a blast in [[Bankura district|Bankura]] during the first phase of elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal polls: 3 TMC workers injured in blast in Bankura ahead of first phase|url=https://scroll.in/latest/990718/west-bengal-polls-3-tmc-workers-injured-in-blast-in-bankura-ahead-of-first-phase|access-date=27 March 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=27 March 2021|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327060437/https://scroll.in/latest/990718/west-bengal-polls-3-tmc-workers-injured-in-blast-in-bankura-ahead-of-first-phase|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Three TMC workers were attacked in Boyal of Nandigram. One of them, Rabin Manna, was admitted to SSKM Hospital with serious injuries, and died on 9 April around 4:30 am at SSKM Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nandigram: ১৪ দিনের লড়াই শেষ, মৃত্যু হল নন্দীগ্রামের তৃণমূল কর্মী রবীন মান্নার|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/nandigram-tmc-leader-rabin-manna-allegedly-beaten-by-bjp-passed-away-akd-582720.html|work=News18 Bangla|date=9 April 2021|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220025/https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/nandigram-tmc-leader-rabin-manna-allegedly-beaten-by-bjp-passed-away-akd-582720.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 March, Mamata Banerjee said that her car was attacked again in Nandigram a day ago when she visited Manna's house.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee Alleges "Attack" In Nandigram Again, Says Has Proof|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-alleges-attack-in-nandigram-again-says-has-proof-2403237|work=NDTV|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220236/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-alleges-attack-in-nandigram-again-says-has-proof-2403237|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee claims her car was attacked again in Nandigram, says she has evidence|url=https://scroll.in/latest/991094/mamata-banerjee-alleges-her-car-was-attacked-again-in-nandigram-claims-to-have-evidence|work=Scroll.in|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215326/https://scroll.in/latest/991094/mamata-banerjee-alleges-her-car-was-attacked-again-in-nandigram-claims-to-have-evidence|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2021|title=সিঙ্গুরের সভা থেকে পুরোনো স্মৃতি উস্কে দিলেন মমতা, তোপ বিজেপি-সিপিএমকে, ভোট বাক্সে প্রভাব পড়বে কি|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal-election/mamata-banerjee-attacks-bjp-and-cpm-from-an-election-rally-in-singur-spb-qqubc2/articleshow-0iiyr1|website=bangla.asianetnews.com|language=bn|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215949/https://bangla.asianetnews.com/amp/west-bengal-election/mamata-banerjee-attacks-bjp-and-cpm-from-an-election-rally-in-singur-spb-qqubc2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2021|title=Bengal Polls: ভোট মিটে গেলে দেখব কত ধানে কত চাল, গোঘাট থেকে হুঙ্কার মমতার|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-attacks-bjp-from-rally-at-goghat-dgtl/cid/1273567|work=Anandabazar|language=bn|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214559/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-attacks-bjp-from-rally-at-goghat-dgtl/cid/1273567|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2021|title='দুধ কলা দিয়ে কালসাপ পুষেছি', শুভেন্দুকে নাম না করে আক্রমণ মমতার|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/hooghly-news/west-bengal-polls-2021-mamata-banerjee-hits-out-at-suvendu-adhikari/articleshow/81775727.cms|work=Ei Samay|language=bn|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215934/https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/hooghly-news/west-bengal-polls-2021-mamata-banerjee-hits-out-at-suvendu-adhikari/articleshow/81775727.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She later claimed she was informed by Manna's wife that BJP-backed goons were threatening to abduct her daughter and they had to take refuge with a local minority family.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 April 2021|title=Bengal Polls: নন্দীগ্রামের ভোটে মেয়ে আর শিশুদের অপহরণের ভয় দেখিয়েছে বিজেপি, অভিযোগ মমতার|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-says-bjp-has-shown-fear-to-abduct-girls-and-children-at-nandigram-dgtld/cid/1274018|work=Anandabazar|language=bn|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214211/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-says-bjp-has-shown-fear-to-abduct-girls-and-children-at-nandigram-dgtld/cid/1274018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*In [[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]], it was reported that the CPRF prevented people from voting. A complaint was lodged at a local police station that alleged that the CPRF were allowing BJP workers to stay in the booth and cast votes in their name.<ref>{{cite web|last1=S|first1=Meghnad|last2=Sanyal|first2=Parikshit|title=Dantan diary: Investigating election day violence in Bengal|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/03/28/dantan-diary-why-bengal-election-violence-stories-arent-always-simple|access-date=28 March 2021|website=[[Newslaundry]]|date=28 March 2021|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328101401/https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/03/28/dantan-diary-why-bengal-election-violence-stories-arent-always-simple|url-status=live}}</ref>
*While on an official visit to Bangladesh, Modi visited the birthplace of [[Harichand Thakur]] at Orakandi in the [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalganj district]] in an attempt to woo the electorally influential [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua community]] of the state. Mamata Banerjee asserted his trip to Orakandi is a violation of the poll code.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/modi-bangladesh-visit-is-violation-of-poll-code-mamata-1784325-2021-03-27|title=PM Modi's Bangladesh visit violates poll code, says Mamata Banerjee|date=27 March 2021|website=India Today|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628131742/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/modi-bangladesh-visit-is-violation-of-poll-code-mamata-1784325-2021-03-27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-on-pms-bangladesh-trip-your-visa-should-be-cancelled-2400180|title="Your Visa Should Be Cancelled": Mamata Banerjee on PM's Bangladesh Trip|website=NDTV|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628133244/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-on-pms-bangladesh-trip-your-visa-should-be-cancelled-2400180|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 28 March, the ECI stated that 56 bombs were seized from [[Narendrapur]] of [[South 24 Parganas district]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2021|title=56 bombs found in Bengal, says ECI|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/56-bombs-found-in-bengal-ec/article34184873.ece|access-date=28 March 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328163103/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/56-bombs-found-in-bengal-ec/article34184873.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
*During the nomination filing by the BJP candidate in [[Bijpur Assembly constituency|Bijpur]], gunshots were fired and later clashes broke out between BJP and TMC staff.<ref>{{cite web|title=Firing in Bengal's Barrackpore During Filing of Nomination By BJP Candidate|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-election-2021-firing-in-bengals-barrackpore-during-filing-of-nomination-by-bjp-candidate-2403371|access-date=3 April 2021|website=NDTV|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331220518/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-election-2021-firing-in-bengals-barrackpore-during-filing-of-nomination-by-bjp-candidate-2403371|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 30 March, [[Ashok Dinda]], BJP's candidate from [[Moyna Assembly constituency|Moyna]], [[Purba Medinipur]], was attacked and his vehicle vandalised during a campaign. He claimed that hundreds of people wielding ''lathi'' and rods hurled stones at his vehicle. Dinda's shoulder was injured.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 March 2021|title=Ex-cricketer Ashok Dinda Attacked During Election Campaign in West Bengal's Purba Medinipur|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/assembly-elections-2021-live-updates-mamata-banerjee-amit-shah-go-head-to-head-with-nandigram-roadshows-today-3586874.html|access-date=2 April 2021|website=news18.com|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330154407/https://www.news18.com/news/india/assembly-elections-2021-live-updates-mamata-banerjee-amit-shah-go-head-to-head-with-nandigram-roadshows-today-3586874.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 2 April, the [[West Bengal Police]] seized 41 crude bombs in [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|Bhangar]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2021|title=41 crude bombs recovered in West Bengal: EC|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/41-crude-bombs-recovered-in-west-bengal-ec/article34229009.ece|access-date=3 April 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=3 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403053757/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/41-crude-bombs-recovered-in-west-bengal-ec/article34229009.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
*During the third phase of polling (6 April), Sujata Mondal, TMC candidate in [[Arambag Assembly constituency|Arambag]], was attacked by some goons at Arandi-I booth 263.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/arambagh-tmc-candidate-sujata-mondal-attacked-with-bricks-1787670-2021-04-06|title=Arambagh TMC candidate attacked with bricks, Mamata says 'they say Beti Bachao, but beat up women'|first1=Poulomi|last1=Saha|first2=Suryagni|last2=Roy|date=6 April 2021|website=India Today|access-date=17 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195850/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/arambagh-tmc-candidate-sujata-mondal-attacked-with-bricks-1787670-2021-04-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/tmc-candidate-sujata-mondal-attacked-in-mahallapara-mp-derek-obrien-writes-to-ec-to-apprehend-bjp-goons/741702|title=TMC candidate Sujata Mondal attacked in Mahallapara, MP Derek O'Brien writes to EC to apprehend 'BJP goons'|website=Times Now|date=6 April 2021|access-date=17 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195701/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/tmc-candidate-sujata-mondal-attacked-in-mahallapara-mp-derek-obrien-writes-to-ec-to-apprehend-bjp-goons/741702|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHRwECKjgkQ|title=আরামবাগের প্রার্থী সুজাতা মন্ডল-কে আক্রমণ বিজেপির|date=6 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=17 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202009/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHRwECKjgkQ|url-status=live}}</ref>
*During the third phase of polling, electronic voting machines and [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] machines were found in the house of a TMC politician of [[Uluberia Uttar|North Uluberia]]. The sector officer was later suspended.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 April 2021|title=EVMs, VVPATs found from TMC leader's home in West Bengal, sector officer suspended|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-evms-vvpats-found-from-tmc-leader-s-home-sector-officer-suspended-101617678624885.html|access-date=7 April 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406032055/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-evms-vvpats-found-from-tmc-leader-s-home-sector-officer-suspended-101617678624885.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The TMC accused the BJP of distributing cash coupons among people to lure them to attend Modi's rally.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 April 2021|title=BJP distributing cash coupons: TMC|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/bjp-distributing-cash-coupons-tmc/article34265838.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161550/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/bjp-distributing-cash-coupons-tmc/article34265838.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 April 2021|title=TMC writes to EC, accuses BJP of distributing Rs 1,000 coupons among voters in Bengal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/trinamool-congress-complaint-against-bjp-ec-paper-coupons-1788342-2021-04-07|work=India Today|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161550/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/trinamool-congress-complaint-against-bjp-ec-paper-coupons-1788342-2021-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref>
*In the fourth phase of polling, there were two major instances of violence, both in the [[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi constituency]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]]. In Pathantuli, a first-time voter, Ananda Barman, was shot and killed by unknown assailants after casting his vote. Both BJP and TMC claimed he was one of their workers, but family members said he was a belonged to BJP.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2021|title=Political storm erupts after 5 killed during Bengal poll including 4 in CISF firing|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/political-storm-erupts-after-5-killed-during-bengal-poll-including-4-in-cisf-firing/2230596/|access-date=1 May 2021|website=The Financial Express|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501162813/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/political-storm-erupts-after-5-killed-during-bengal-poll-including-4-in-cisf-firing/2230596/|url-status=live}}</ref> In Sitalkuchi, CISF personnel who were guarding a polling station in Jorepatki shot and killed four Muslim villagers, who they alleged were part of a mob attacking them. They claimed the mob attacked them over rumours the security forces had thrashed a local boy and they fired in self-defence. The families of the deceased claimed the firing was deliberate, and that they were in a queue to vote.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 April 2021|title=Bengal's Sitalkuchi village plunges in gloom as firing victims taken for burial|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/bengals-sitalkuchi-village-plunges-in-gloom-as-firing-victims-taken-for-burial-101618139141630.html|access-date=1 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183410/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/bengals-sitalkuchi-village-plunges-in-gloom-as-firing-victims-taken-for-burial-101618139141630.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Pinak Priya|date=11 April 2021|title=Sitalkuchi victims' kin trash CISF self-defence claims|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sitalkuchi-victims-kin-trash-cisf-self-defence-claims/articleshow/82012696.cms|access-date=1 May 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501161310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sitalkuchi-victims-kin-trash-cisf-self-defence-claims/articleshow/82012696.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Media staff found video footage from local sources,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtLWTZPLiEU|title=West Bengal Election 2021: চলল গুলি, চারিদিকে আর্ত চিত্কার, দেখুন শীতলকুচি গুলিকাণ্ডের ভাইরাল ভিডিও|date=14 April 2021 |via=YouTube|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202352/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtLWTZPLiEU|url-status=live}}</ref> but Special Police Observer Vivek Dubey called it fake without citing any proper reason.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T89fOwma37k|title=চতুর্থ স্তম্ভ : বিবেকের বুদ্ধি লোপ (16/04/2021)|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|KOLKATA TV]]|via=YouTube|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201931/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T89fOwma37k|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 8 April the ECI issued a notice to Adhikari for communal overtones in his 29 March speech in [[Nandigram]], where he derogatorily referred [[Mamata Banerjee]] (who is unmarried) as ''[[begum]]'' ("a married Muslim woman", thereby indicating that she was characterless).<ref>{{cite web|date=9 April 2021|title=নন্দীগ্রামে উস্কানিমূলক মন্তব্যের জের, শুভেন্দুকেও নোটিস ধরাল কমিশন|url=https://aajkaal.in/news/title/wb-election-2021--election-commission-issues-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-after-mamata-banerjee-jo59|website=aajkaal.in|language=bn|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610093000/https://aajkaal.in/news/title/wb-election-2021--election-commission-issues-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-after-mamata-banerjee-jo59|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 April 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly Elections &#124; EC notice to Suvendu Adhikari over hate speech complaint|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/ec-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-over-hate-speech-complaint/article34274947.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610092959/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/ec-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-over-hate-speech-complaint/article34274947.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 April 2021|title=EC notice to Suvendu Adhikari for communal overtones in his speech|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/ec-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-for-communal-overtones-in-his-speech-121040801547_1.html|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610092958/https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/ec-notice-to-suvendu-adhikari-for-communal-overtones-in-his-speech-121040801547_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In his reply to the ECI notice, Adhikari claimed that he never made any personal attack or derogatory remarks against any political leader, but on 13 April, the ECI issued another warning to him for making derogatory statements in his speech.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paliwal|first=Aishwarya|date=14 April 2021|title=Bengal polls: EC issues warning to Suvendu Adhikari for making derogatory statements in Nandigram speech|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/ec-warning-suvendu-adhikari-nandigram-hate-speech-1790429-2021-04-13|website=India Today|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610092959/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/ec-warning-suvendu-adhikari-nandigram-hate-speech-1790429-2021-04-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 12 April, the ECI imposed a 24-hour campaign ban on Mamata Banerjee (effective from 8 pm) for calling out female voters to ''[[gherao]]'' (or encircle) the CRPF, CAPF and CISF forces on election duty if they "created any obstruction in their right to vote" from a political rally in [[Cooch Behar district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/mamata-banerjee-banned-from-campaigning-for-24-hours-1790158-2021-04-12|title=Bengal polls: 24-hour campaign ban on Mamata Banerjee for inciting voters to 'gherao CAPF'|first=Poulomi|last=Saha|date=13 April 2021|website=India Today|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702140016/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/mamata-banerjee-banned-from-campaigning-for-24-hours-1790158-2021-04-12|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, the TMC Supremo staged a solitary ''dharna'' next to the statue of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] at the Mayo Road crossing in Kolkata to protest against the ECI's decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/mamata-banerjee-takes-to-painting-at-dharna-in-kolkata-1790404-2021-04-13|title=Mamata Banerjee sitting on dharna against EC campaign ban paints a picture. Literally|date=14 April 2021|website=India Today|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628215416/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/mamata-banerjee-takes-to-painting-at-dharna-in-kolkata-1790404-2021-04-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bengal-election-live-updates-mamata-banerjee-tmc-election-commission-amit-shah-bjp-1790278-2021-04-13|title=Bengal Election Highlights: After 24-hour ban, Mamata set to visit Cooch Behar tomorrow for poll program|date=13 April 2021|website=India Today|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628215413/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bengal-election-live-updates-mamata-banerjee-tmc-election-commission-amit-shah-bjp-1790278-2021-04-13|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the ECI let Adhikari go with only a warning after he commented that voting in favour of Mamata Banerjee would convert [[West Bengal]] into a "mini-[[Pakistan]]", which led the TMC to allege that the ECI was operating in a biased manner to benefit BJP.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 April 2021|title=Light Warning For BJP's Suvendu Adhikari For "Mini Pakistan" Remark|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/light-warning-for-suvendu-adhikari-for-mini-pakistan-remark-2412871|work=NDTV|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114154513/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/light-warning-for-suvendu-adhikari-for-mini-pakistan-remark-2412871|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=13 April 2021|title='Mini-Pakistan': EC Lets Off BJP's Suvendu Adhikari With Light Rap for Remark|url=https://thewire.in/politics/mini-pakistan-ec-lets-off-bjps-suvendu-adhikari-with-light-rap-for-remark|work=The Wire|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114154513/https://thewire.in/politics/mini-pakistan-ec-lets-off-bjps-suvendu-adhikari-with-light-rap-for-remark|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 13 April, the ECI imposed a 48-hour campaign ban on former state BJP president Rahul Sinha for endorsing the killing of Muslims in the Sitalkuchi firing incident, and calling for more Muslims to be killed throughout the state in similar manner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-rahul-sinha-bjp-ec-campaigning-ban-sitakulchi-7271691/lite/|title=Sitalkuchi firing: EC bars BJP leader for 48 hours, notice to state chief|date=13 April 2021|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815074145/https://indianexpress.com/elections/west-bengal-elections-rahul-sinha-bjp-ec-campaigning-ban-sitakulchi-7271691/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On the night before the fifth phase, a picture of the BJP candidate for [[Ranaghat Uttar Purba Assembly constituency|Ranaghat]] having lunch with central forces spread on the internet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bongnews24x7.com/tmc-moves-ec-with-pics-of-central-force-jawan-having-launch-with-bjp-candidate/|title=কেন্দ্রীয় বাহিনীর সঙ্গে একই টেবিলে মধ্যাহ্নভোজ রানাঘাট উত্তর-পূর্বের বিজেপি প্রার্থীর! কমিশনে তৃণমূল|first=আত্রেয়ী|last=সেন|date=16 April 2021|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200941/https://www.bongnews24x7.com/tmc-moves-ec-with-pics-of-central-force-jawan-having-launch-with-bjp-candidate/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnh7ApPdD6Q|title=বাহিনীর সঙ্গে ভোজ বিজেপি প্রার্থীর|via=YouTube|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709202405/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnh7ApPdD6Q|url-status=live}}</ref>
*In the fifth phase of polling, in the Shantinagar locality of [[Bidhannagar Assembly constituency|Bidhannagar]], bricks and stones were hurled between TMC and BJP booth workers, leaving eight people injured.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2021|title=Sporadic violence marks fifth phase of Bengal polls|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sporadic-violence-marks-fifth-phase-of-bengal-polls/articleshow/82114806.cms|access-date=17 April 2021|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417074125/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sporadic-violence-marks-fifth-phase-of-bengal-polls/articleshow/82114806.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2021|title=TMC, BJP candidates pelt stones at each other in Bengal's Bidhannagar amid polling|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-elections-kolkata-bidhannagar-voting-tmc-bjp-workers-stone-pelting-1791980-2021-04-17|website=India Today|access-date=9 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709210145/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-elections-kolkata-bidhannagar-voting-tmc-bjp-workers-stone-pelting-1791980-2021-04-17|url-status=live}}</ref>
*BJP candidate Gopal Chandra Saha was shot at while campaigning in [[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Maldaha]], and was admitted to a hospital.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/west-bengal-bjp-s-malda-candidate-shot-at-while-campaigning-1792373-2021-04-18 |title=West Bengal: BJP's Malda candidate shot at while campaigning |website=India Today |access-date=18 April 2021 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421034128/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/west-bengal-bjp-s-malda-candidate-shot-at-while-campaigning-1792373-2021-04-18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*In Jalpaiguri, after polling ended, four BJP agents were found with central force personnel carrying electronic voting machines.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 April 2021|title=ইভিএমের গাড়িতে বিজেপির এজেন্ট! {{!}} জলপাইগুড়িতে তোলপাড়, কমিশনে নালিশ তৃণমূলের|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=290083&P=1&nPID=20210419|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=28 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027213642/https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=290083&P=1&nPID=20210419|url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 24 April, Mamata Banerjee revealed details of the WhatsApp chat of an election observer employed by the ECI with BJP leaders, and said, "The Commission is instructing to arrest our party leaders before the [day of] election. I have WhatsApp chat of everything. Observers have spoken among themselves [about this]." She advised Anubrata Mandal, TMC's [[Birbhum district]] president, to go to the courts if the commission wrongfully keeps him under surveillance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-2021-mamata-banerjees-press-conference-with-candidates-of-birbhum-dgtl/cid/1277560|title=Bengal Election: মমতা প্রকাশ্যে আনলেন পর্যবেক্ষকদের হোয়াটসঅ্যাপ চ্যাটের বিস্তারিত নথি|first=নিজস্ব|last=সংবাদদাতা|website=Anandabazar|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628184635/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-2021-mamata-banerjees-press-conference-with-candidates-of-birbhum-dgtl/cid/1277560|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-alleges-election-commission-takes-step-against-anubrata-mondal-before-every-election-dgtld/cid/1277585|title=Bengal Election: কমিশন 'নজরবন্দি' রাখলে কেষ্টকে আদালতে যাওয়ার পরামর্শ মমতার|first=নিজস্ব|last=সংবাদদাতা|website=Anandabazar|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628184634/https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-2021-mamata-banerjee-alleges-election-commission-takes-step-against-anubrata-mondal-before-every-election-dgtld/cid/1277585|url-status=live}}</ref> The ECI put Mondal under "strict surveillance" for 62 hours from 5 pm on 27 April to 7 am on 30 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/anubrata-under-strict-watch-till-7am-friday-may-move-hc/articleshow/82281410.cms|title=Anubrata Mondal under 'strict watch' till 7am Friday, may move Calcutta HC|website=The Times of India|date=28 April 2021|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628233108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/anubrata-under-strict-watch-till-7am-friday-may-move-hc/articleshow/82281410.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>)
*On 29 April, during the eighth phase of voting, crude bombs were hurled near [[Mahajati Sadan]] in northern Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-exit-polls-live-updates-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-3687074.html|title=West Bengal Elections 2021 Live Updates: Bomb Hurled in North Kolkata, EC Seeks Details|website=News18|date=2 May 2021|access-date=29 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430191001/https://www.news18.com/news/india/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-exit-polls-live-updates-tamil-nadu-kerala-assam-3687074.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Results ==

The election results for 292 constituencies was announced on 2 May 2021 after counting of votes began at 8:00 am (UTC+5:30), while the results for 2 constituencies was delayed until 3 October.<ref name=Constituencywise56>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2556.htm?ac=56|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003141631/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2556.htm?ac=56|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Roundwise56>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2556.htm?ac=56|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003172450/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2556.htm?ac=56|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Constituencywise58>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2558.htm?ac=58|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003142420/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2558.htm?ac=58|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Roundwise58>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2558.htm?ac=58|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003172940/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/RoundwiseS2558.htm?ac=58|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=partywiseb>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/partywiseresult-S25.htm|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003173344/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/partywiseresult-S25.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| style="width:99%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}; width:73.13%;" | '''215'''
| style="background:{{party color|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (T)}}; width:0.34%;"| '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:26.19%;" | '''77'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}}; width:0.34%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''AITC'''
| '''GJM(T)'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''ISF'''
|}

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption='''Vote share by alliance'''
|label1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
|value1 = 48.02
|color1 = #20C646
|label2 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|value2 = 37.97
|color2 = #F98C1F
|label3 = [[Secular Democratic Alliance|SM]]
|value3 = 10.04
|color3 = #CC0D0D
|label4 = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|value4 = 1.08
|color4 = White
|label5 = Others
|value5 = 2.88
|color5 = #B2B2B2
}}

=== Results by party ===

* '''Declared on 2 May 2021:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Boothwise Result – Form 20 |url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/Form20/Form20_GE2021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116210852/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/Form20/Form20_GE2021.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" width="70%" " style="text-align:center;
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Party/alliance
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
! rowspan="4" style="background:#B0F4B0" |[[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
|[[Trinamool Congress]] (AITC) || style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:28735420}}
|48.02
|{{increase}}3.11|| 290 || 215
||{{nowrap|{{increase}}4}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (T)}}
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] (GJM) (T) Faction
|style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:163797}}
|style="text-align:right"|0.27
|{{Steady}}
|3
|1
|{{increase}}1
|-
| {{party color cell|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha}}
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] (GJM) (G) Faction
|style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:103190}}
|style="text-align:right"|0.17
|{{decrease}}
|3
|0
|{{decrease}}3
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''Total'''
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''{{formatnum:29002407}}'''
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''48.46'''
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''294'''
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|'''216'''
|style="background:#B0F4B0"|
|-
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) || style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:22850710}}
||37.97
|{{increase}}27.81||293||77
||{{increase}}74
|-
| {{party color cell|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
|[[All Jharkhand Students Union]] (AJSU)
|{{formatnum:61936}}
|0.1
|{{Steady}}
|1
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:#fef3E8"|'''Total'''
|style="background:#fef3E8"|'''{{formatnum:22912646}}'''
|style="background:#fef3E8"|'''37.98'''
|style="background:#fef3E8"|
|style="background:#fef3E8"|'''294'''
|style="background:#fef3E8"|'''77'''
|style="background:#fef3E8"|
|-
| rowspan="8" bgcolor="{{Party color|Sanjukta Morcha}}" |
! rowspan="8" style="background:#ffe8e8" |[[Sanjukta Morcha]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian Secular Front}}
|[[Indian Secular Front]] (ISF) ||style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:813489}}
|style="text-align:right"|1.36
||{{Steady}}|| 32||1
||{{increase}}1
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ||style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:1757131}}
|style="text-align:right"|2.93||{{decrease}}9.32||91|| 0
||{{decrease}}44
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) || style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:2837276}}
|style="text-align:right"|4.73||{{nowrap|{{decrease}}15.02}}||style="text-align:centre"|138||style="text-align:centre"|0
||{{decrease}}26
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB) ||style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:318932}}
|style="text-align:right"|0.53
||{{decrease}}|| 21||0
||{{decrease}}3
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP) ||style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:126121}}
|style="text-align:right"|0.21
||{{decrease}}|| 10||0
||{{decrease}}2
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) ||style="text-align:right"|{{formatnum:118655}}
|style="text-align:right"|0.20
||{{decrease}}|| 10||0
||{{decrease}}1
|-
|colspan="2" style="background:#ffe8e8"|''Total''
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|'''{{formatnum:5971604}}'''
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|'''10.04'''
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|'''294'''
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|'''1'''
|style="background:#ffe8e8"|
|-
| bgcolor="Black" |
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|{{formatnum:646829}}
|1.08
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Total'''||style="text-align:right"| '''{{formatnum:59935989}}'''
|'''100.0'''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|
| '''292''' ||'''±0'''
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |Valid votes
| align="right" |{{formatnum:59935989}}
| align="right" |99.84
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |Invalid votes
| align="right" |{{formatnum:96674}}
| align="right" |0.16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum:60032663}}'''
| align="right" |'''82.32'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |Abstentions
| align="right" |{{formatnum:12891443}}
| align="right" |17.68
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | '''{{formatnum:73414746}}''' {{efn|name=Overseas|Apart from these, there were 128 overseas electors. Among them, 2 electors exercised their franchise.<ref name=seat_share/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14106-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021-including-ac-56-58/|title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal, 2021|work=Election Commission of India|accessdate=18 February 2026}}</ref>}}
|colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|}
*
*'''Declared on 3 October 2021:'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Form 20 – 56 Samserganj AC|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_sep_2021/form20/Form20_AC56.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112220140/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_sep_2021/form20/Form20_AC56.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Form 20 – 58 Jangipur AC|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_sep_2021/form20/Form20_AC58.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112220420/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Byeelec_sep_2021/form20/Form20_AC58.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{election table|sortable=yes}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Political parties
! colspan="4" |Results of remaining Constituencies (declared on 3 October)
! colspan="6" |Complete results of 294 Constituencies
|-
! colspan="2" |Popular vote
! colspan="2" |Seats
! colspan="3" |Popular vote
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
! Contested
!Won||Votes|| % || ±[[Percentage point|pp]] ||Contested ||Won ||+/−
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|style="text-align:right"|232,861
|60.19
|2
|2
| style="text-align:right"|28,968,281
|48.02
|{{increase}}|| 290 || 215
||{{nowrap|{{increase}}4}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|style="text-align:right"|54,764
|14.16
|2
|0
| style="text-align:right"|22,905,474
||37.97
|{{increase}}||293||77
||{{nowrap|{{increase}}74}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|style="text-align:right"|6,158
|1.59
|1
|0
| style="text-align:right"|2,843,434
|style="text-align:right"|4.71||{{nowrap|{{decrease}}}}||style="text-align:centre"|139||style="text-align:centre"|0
||{{decrease}}26
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="text-align:right"|70,038
|18.10
|1
|0
|style="text-align:right"|1,827,169
|style="text-align:right"|3.03||{{decrease}}||92|| 0
||{{decrease}}44
|-
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
|style="text-align:right"|9,067
|2.34
|1
|0
|style="text-align:right"|135,188
|style="text-align:right"|0.22
||{{decrease}}|| 11||0
||{{decrease}}2
|-
| {{party color cell|None of the above}}
|[[None of the above|NOTA]]
|7,621
|1.97
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|style="text-align:right"|654,449
|style="text-align:right"|1.08
|
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|-
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="12" |
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
|'''386,845'''
|'''100.00'''
| colspan="2" |'''2'''
|style="text-align:right"| '''60,322,834'''
|'''100.00'''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
| colspan="3" | '''294'''
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="12" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
|386,845
|99.95
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|style="text-align:right"| 60,322,834
|99.84
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Invalid votes
|183
|0.05
|96,857
|0.16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
|'''387,028'''
|'''78.88'''
|'''60,419,691'''
|'''82.30'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Abstentions
|103,614
|21.12
|12,995,057
|17.70
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
|'''490,642''' <ref name=bartaman_159/><ref name=ndtv_159/>
|'''100.00'''
|'''73,414,746'''
|'''100.00'''
|-
|}

=== Results by polling phase ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2|Phase
!rowspan=2|Seats
|bgcolor="{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}"|
|-
!class="wikitable"|[[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
!class="wikitable"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
!class="wikitable"|[[Secular Democratic Alliance|SDA]]
|-
|-
!First
|30
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}18
|12
|0
|-
!Second
|30
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}19
|11
|0
|-
!Third
|31
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}27
|4
|0
|-
!Fourth
|44
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}31
|12
|1
|-
!Fifth
|45
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}28
|17
|0
|-
!Sixth
|43
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}35
|8
|0
|-
!Seventh
|34
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}} 25
|9
|0
|-
!Eighth
|35
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}31
|4
|0
|-
!Later{{efn|In Samserganj and Jangipur, elections were held on 30 September 2021.}}
|2
| {{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}2
|0
|0
|-
! Total
! 294
|{{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}216
|77
|1
|}

===Results by region===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="75%" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan="3"|Region
!rowspan="3"|District
!rowspan="3"|Seats
|colspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|
|colspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|colspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Secular Democratic Alliance}}"|
|-
!colspan="2" class="wikitable"|[[Trinamool Congress|AITC+]]
!colspan="2" class="wikitable"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
!colspan="2" class="wikitable"|[[Secular Democratic Alliance|SDA]]
|-
!Won
!+/-
!Won
!+/-
!Won
!+/-
|-
! rowspan=8| North Bengal
| [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
|9
|2
|{{down}} 6
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |7
|{{up}} 7
|0
|{{down}} 1
|-
| [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]
|5
|0
|{{down}} 4
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |5
|{{up}} 4
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
| [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
|7
|3
|{{down}} 3
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |4
|{{up}} 4
|0
|{{down}} 1
|-
| [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]
|1
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1
|{{up}} 1
|0
|{{down}} 1
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
| [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
|5
|0
|{{steady}}
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |5
|{{up}} 3
|0
|{{down}} 3
|-
| [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
|9
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7
|{{up}} 3
|2
|{{up}} 2
|0
|{{down}} 5
|-
| [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]
|6
|3
|{{up}} 1
|3
|{{up}} 3
|0
|{{down}} 4
|-
| [[Malda district|Malda]]
|12
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8
|{{up}} 8
|4
|{{up}} 3
|0
|{{down}} 11
|-
! colspan=2|Total || 54 || 24 || {{steady}} || style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" | 30 || {{up}} 25 || 0 || {{down}} 25
|-
! rowspan=10| South Bengal
| [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
|22
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20
|{{up}} 16
|2
|{{up}} 2
|0
|{{down}} 18
|-
| [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
|17
|8
|{{down}} 5
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |9
|{{up}} 9
|0
|{{down}} 4
|-
| [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
|33
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28
|{{up}} 1
|5
|{{up}} 5
|0
|{{down}} 6
|-
| [[South 24 Parganas]]
|31
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |30
|{{up}} 1
|0
|{{steady}}
|1
|{{down}} 1
|-
| [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
|11
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
| [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
|16
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16
|{{up}} 1
|0
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{down}} 1
|-
| [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
|18
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |14
|{{down}} 2
|4
|{{up}} 4
|0
|{{down}} 2
|-
| [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
|16
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9
|{{down}} 4
|7
|{{up}} 7
|0
|{{down}} 3
|-
| [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
|15
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13
|{{steady}}
|2
|{{up}} 1
|0
|{{down}} 1
|-
| [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
|4
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{steady}}
|-
! colspan=2|Total || 183 || style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |153 || {{up}} 8 || 29 || {{up}} 28 || 1 || {{down}} 36
|-
! rowspan=5| Rarh Banga
| [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
|9
|3
|{{down}} 4
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |6
|{{up}} 6
|0
|{{down}} 2
|-
| [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
|12
|4
|{{down}} 3
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |8
|{{up}} 8
|0
|{{down}} 5
|-
| [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
|16
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16
|{{up}} 2
|0
|{{steady}}
|0
|{{down}} 2
|-
| [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
|9
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6
|{{up}} 1
|3
|{{up}} 3
|0
|{{down}} 4
|-
| [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
|11
|style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10
|{{up}} 1
|1
|{{up}} 1
|0
|{{down}} 2
|-
! colspan=2|Total || 57 || style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |39 || {{down}} 3 || 18 || {{up}} 18 || 0 || {{down}} 15
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!294
! style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |216
! {{up}} 5{{efn|Trinamool Congress won 215 seats and its ally Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (Tamang) won 1 seat of Kalimpong.}}
!77
! {{up}} 71{{efn|NDA won 6 seats in 2016: BJP won 3 and its ally GJM won 3. However, prior to the 2021 election, GJM allied with the Trinamool Congress.}}
!1
! {{down}} 76
|}

=== Results by constituency===
{{main|List of constituency wise results of 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number|Margin
|-
! No.
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number|Votes
!%
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Cooch Behar district|'''Cooch Behar district''']]
|-
| 1
| [[Mekliganj Assembly constituency|Mekliganj]] (SC)
| [[Paresh Chandra Adhikary]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,338
|49.98
|Dadhiram Ray
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,653
|42.59
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |14,685
|-
| 2
| [[Mathabhanga Assembly constituency|Mathabhanga]] (SC)
|[[Sushil Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,249
|52.87
|Girindra Nath Barman
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,115
|40.67
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |26,134
|-
| 3
| [[Cooch Behar Uttar Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Uttar]] (SC)
|[[Sukumar Roy (politician)|Sukumar Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,20,483
|49.40
|[[Binay Krishna Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,868
|43.40
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |14,615
|-
| 4
| [[Cooch Behar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar Dakshin]]
|[[Nikhil Ranjan Dey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,629
|46.83
|Avijit De Bhowmik
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,830
|44.31
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,799
|-
| 5
| [[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi]] (SC)
|[[Baren Chandra Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,24,955
|50.80
|[[Partha Pratim Roy|Partha Pratim Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,07,140
|43.56
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |17,815
|-
| 6
| [[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]] (SC)
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia|Jagadish Barma Basunia]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,908
|49.42
|Dipak Kumar Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,796
|45.18
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,112
|-
| 7
| [[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]]
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,035
|47.60
|[[Udayan Guha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,15,978
|47.58
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |57
|-
| 8
| [[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari]]
|[[Mihir Goswami]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,743
|51.45
|[[Rabindra Nath Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|88,303
|40.66
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |23,440
|-
| 9
| [[Tufanganj Assembly constituency|Tufanganj]]
| [[Malati Rava Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,14,503
|54.69
|Pranab Kumar Dey
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|83,305
|39.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |31,198
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Alipurduar district|'''Alipurduar district''']]
|-
| 10
| [[Kumargram Assembly constituency|Kumargram]] (ST)
|[[Manoj Kumar Oraon]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,974
|48.16
|Leos Kujar
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,973
|43.43
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,001
|-
| 11
| [[Kalchini Assembly constituency|Kalchini]] (ST)
|[[Bishal Lama]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,104
|52.65
|Pasang Lama
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|74,528
|38.06
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |28,576
|-
| 12
| [[Alipurduars Assembly constituency|Alipurduars]]
|[[Suman Kanjilal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,333
|48.19
|Sourav Chakraborty
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,326
|41.00
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |16,007
|-
| 13
| [[Falakata Assembly constituency|Falakata]]
|[[Dipak Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,993
|46.71
|Subhash Chanda Roy
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,003
|44.90
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,990
|-
| 14
| [[Madarihat Assembly constituency|Madarihat]]
|[[Manoj Tigga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,718
|54.35
|Rajesh Lakra
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|61,033
|36.56
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |29,685
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Jalpaiguri district|'''Jalpaiguri district''']]
|-
| 15
| [[Dhupguri Assembly constituency|Dhupguri]] (SC)
|[[Bishnu Pada Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,688
|45.64
|Mitali Roy
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,333
|43.75
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,355
|-
| 16
| [[Maynaguri Assembly constituency|Maynaguri]] (SC)
|[[Kaushik Roy (politician)|Kaushik Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,306
|48.84
|Manoj Roy
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,03,395
|43.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,911
|-
| 17
| [[Jalpaiguri Assembly constituency|Jalpaiguri]] (SC)
|[[Pradip Kumar Barma]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,668
|42.34
|Sujit Singha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,727
|41.93
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |941
|-
| 18
| [[Rajganj Assembly constituency|Rajganj]] (SC)
|[[Khageswar Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,641
|48.50
|Supen Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,868
|41.19
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,773
|-
| 19
| [[Dabgram-Phulbari Assembly constituency|Dabgram-Phulbari]]
| [[Sikha Chatterjee|Shikha Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,29,088
|49.85
|[[Goutam Deb]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,495
|39.19
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |27,593
|-
| 20
| [[Mal Assembly constituency|Mal]] (ST)
| [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,086
|46.46
|Mahesh Bagey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,621
|43.90
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,465
|-
| 21
| [[Nagrakata Assembly constituency|Nagrakata]] (ST)
| [[Puna Bhengra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,945
|47.78
|[[Joseph Munda]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|56,543
|38.08
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |14,402
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Kalimpong district|'''Kalimpong district''']]
|-
| 22
| [[Kalimpong Assembly constituency|Kalimpong]]
| [[Ruden Sada Lepcha]]
|{{party color cell|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (T)}}
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM(T)]]
| 58,206
| 37.59
| Suva Pradhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 54,336
| 35.09
|style="background:#FF2561 ; color:white;" | 3,870
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Darjeeling district|'''Darjeeling district''']]
|-
| 23
| [[Darjeeling Assembly constituency|Darjeeling]]
|[[Neeraj Zimba]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,907
|40.88
|Keshav Raj Sharma
|{{party color cell|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (T)}}
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM(T)]]
|47,631
|28.26
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |21,726
|-
| 24
| [[Kurseong Assembly constituency|Kurseong]]
| [[Bishnu Prasad Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,475
|41.86
|Tshering Lama Dahal
|{{party color cell|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (T)}}
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha|GJM(T)]]
|57,960
|33.02
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |15,515
|-
| 25
| [[Matigara-Naxalbari Assembly constituency|Matigara-Naxalbari]] (SC)
| [[Anandamoy Barman]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 1,39,785
| 58.10
| Rajen Sundas
| {{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
| 68,454
| 28.65
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 70,848
|-
| 26
| [[Siliguri Assembly constituency|Siliguri]]
| [[Sankar Ghosh (politician)|Shankar Ghosh]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 89,370
| 50.03
| Om Prakash Mishra
| {{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
| 53,784
| 30.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" | 35,586
|-
| 27
|[[Phansidewa Assembly constituency|Phansidewa]] (ST)
| [[Durga Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,651
|50.89
|Choton Kisku
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|77,940
|37.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |27,711
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Uttar Dinajpur district|'''Uttar Dinajpur district''']]
|-
| 28
| [[Chopra Assembly constituency|Chopra]]
| [[Hamidul Rahman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,24,923
|61.20
| Mohammad Shahin Akhtar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,604
|29.40
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |65,319
|-
| 29
| [[Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Islampur]]
| [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,131
|58.91
| Saumya Roop Mandal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,691
|36.88
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |37,440
|-
| 30
| [[Goalpokhar Assembly constituency|Goalpokhar]]
| [[Md. Ghulam Rabbani|Mohammad Ghulam Rabbani]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,649
|65.40
|Ghulam Sarwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32,135
|19.89
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |73,514
|-
| 31
| [[Chakulia Assembly constituency|Chakulia]]
|[[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|86,311
|49.78
|Sachin Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52,474
|30.26
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |33,837
|-
| 32
| [[Karandighi Assembly constituency|Karandighi]]
|[[Goutam Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,594
|54.70
|Subhash Singha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,968
|37.52
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |36,626
|-
| 33
| [[Hemtabad Assembly constituency|Hemtabad]] (SC)
|[[Satyajit Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,425
|52.14
|Chandima Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,210
|39.95
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |27,215
|-
| 34
| [[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj]] (SC)
| [[Soumen Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,768
|48.71
|Tapan Dev Singha
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,948
|39.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |21,820
|-
| 35
| [[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]
| [[Krishna Kalyani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,775
|49.44
|[[Kanaia Lal Agarwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|59,027
|36.58
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |20,748
|-
| 36
| [[Itahar Assembly constituency|Itahar]]
|[[Mosaraf Hussen|Mosarraf Hossain]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,14,645
|59.10
|Amit Kumar Kundu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,670
|36.43
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |43,975
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|'''Dakshin Dinajpur district''']]
|-
| 37
| [[Kushmandi Assembly constituency|Kushmandi]] (SC)
|[[Rekha Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|89,968
|48.88
|Ranjit Kumar Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,384
|42.08
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,584
|-
| 38
| [[Kumarganj Assembly constituency|Kumarganj]]
|[[Toraf Hossain Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|89,117
|52.58
|Manas Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,736
|35.24
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |29,381
|-
| 39
| [[Balurghat Assembly constituency|Balurghat]]
| [[Ashok Lahiri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,484
|47.25
|Shekhar Dasgupta
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|57,585
|38.60
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |12,899
|-
| 40
| [[Tapan Assembly constituency|Tapan]] (ST)
|[[Budhrai Tudu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,381
|45.29
|Kalpana Kisku
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|82,731
|44.41
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,650
|-
| 41
| [[Gangarampur Assembly constituency|Gangarampur]] (SC)
|[[Satyendra Nath Ray]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,724
|46.82
|Goutam Das
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|84,132
|44.40
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,592
|-
| 42
| [[Harirampur Assembly constituency|Harirampur]]
|[[Biplab Mitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,131
|51.23
|Nilanjan Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,459
|39.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,672
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Malda district|'''Malda district''']]
|-
| 43
| [[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur]] (ST)
|[[Joyel Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,075
|47.52
|Pradip Baskey
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|74,558
|37.66
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |19,517
|-
| 44
| [[Gazole Assembly constituency|Gazole]] (SC)
|[[Chinmoy Deb Barman]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,131
|45.50
|Basanti Barman
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|98,857
|44.69
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,798
|-
| 45
| [[Chanchal Assembly constituency|Chanchal]]
|[[Nihar Ranjan Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,15,966
|58.08
|Dipankar Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48,628
|24.35
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |67,338
|-
| 46
| [[Harishchandrapur Assembly constituency|Harishchandrapur]]
|[[Tajmul Hossain]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,22,527
|60.31
|Matibur Rahaman
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45,054
|22.18
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |77,473
|-
| 47
| [[Malatipur Assembly constituency|Malatipur]]
|[[Abdur Rahim Boxi|Abdur Rahim Bakshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,26,157
|68.02
|Mousumi Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34,208
|18.44
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |91,949
|-
| 48
| [[Ratua Assembly constituency|Ratua]]
|[[Samar Mukherjee (Malda politician)|Samar Mukherjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,30,674
|59.63
|Abhishek Singhania
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,024
|25.11
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |75,650
|-
| 49
| [[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]]
|[[Sabitri Mitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,234
|53.26
|Gour Chandra Mandal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,356
|36.89
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |33,878
|-
| 50
| [[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Maldaha]]
|[[Gopal Chandra Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,998
|45.23
|Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|77,942
|37.75
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |15,456
|-
| 51
| [[English Bazar Assembly constituency|English Bazar]]
|[[Sreerupa Mitra Chaudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,755
|49.96
|[[Krishnendu Narayan Choudhury|Krishnendu Choudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,656
|40.64
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |20,099
|-
| 52
| [[Mothabari Assembly constituency|Mothabari]]
|[[Sabina Yeasmin]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|97,397
|59.70
|Shyamchand Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40,824
|25.02
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |56,573
|-
| 53
| [[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Sujapur]]
|[[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghani]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,52,445
|73.44
|[[Isha Khan Choudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,282
|10.73
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,30,163
|-
| 54
| [[Baisnabnagar Assembly constituency|Baisnabnagar]]
|[[Chandana Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|83,061
|39.81
|[[Swadhin Kumar Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,590
|38.62
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,471
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Murshidabad district|'''Murshidabad district''']]
|-
| 55
| [[Farakka Assembly constituency|Farakka]]
|[[Manirul Islam (Indian politician)|Manirul Islam]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,319
|54.89
|Hemanta Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42,374
|22.73
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |59,945
|-
| 56
| [[Samserganj Assembly constituency|Samserganj]]{{efn|name=fn6|''Election postponed due to candidate's death before the scheduled date of poll''}}<ref name=Constituencywise56/><ref name=Roundwise56/><ref name=partywiseb/>
|[[Amirul Islam (politician)|Amirul Islam]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,417
|51.13
|Zaidur Rahaman
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,038
|37.14
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,379
|-
| 57
| [[Suti Assembly constituency|Suti]]
|[[Emani Biswas]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,27,351
|58.87
|Koushik Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56,650
|26.19
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |70,701
|-
| 58
| [[Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jangipur]]{{efn|name=fn6}}<ref name=Constituencywise58/><ref name=Roundwise58/><ref name=partywiseb/>
|[[Jakir Hossain (politician)|Jakir Hossain]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,36,444
|68.82
|Sujit Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43,964
|22.17
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |92,480
|-
| 59
| [[Raghunathganj Assembly constituency|Raghunathganj]]
|[[Akhruzzaman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,26,834
|66.59
|Ghulam Modaswar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28,521
|14.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |98,313
|-
| 60
| [[Sagardighi Assembly constituency|Sagardighi]]
|[[Subrata Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,189
|50.95
| [[Mafuja Khatun]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44,983
|24.08
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,206
|-
| 61
|[[Lalgola Assembly constituency|Lalgola]]
|[[Mohammad Ali (West Bengal politician)|Mohammad Ali]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,07,860
|56.64
|[[Abu Hena (Indian politician)|Abu Hena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47,153
|24.76
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |60,707
|-
| 62
| [[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]]
|[[Idris Ali (politician)|Idris Ali]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,53,795
|68.05
|Mohammad Kamal Hossain
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|47,787
|21.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,06,008
|-
| 63
|[[Raninagar Assembly constituency|Raninagar]]
|[[Abdul Soumik Hossain]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,34,957
|60.79
|Firoza Begam
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,255
|24.89
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |79,702
|-
| 64
| [[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]]
|[[Gouri Shankar Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,967
|41.86
|[[Shaoni Singha Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,476
|40.78
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,491
|-
| 65
| [[Nabagram Assembly constituency|Nabagram]] (SC)
|[[Kanai Chandra Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,455
|48.18
|Mohan Halder
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,922
|31.14
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,533
|-
| 66
| [[Khargram Assembly constituency|Khargram]] (SC)
|[[Ashis Marjit|Ashish Marjit]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,255
|50.15
|Aditya Moulik
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,682
|32.64
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,573
|-
| 67
| [[Burwan Assembly constituency|Burwan]] (SC)
|[[Jiban Krishna Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|81,890
|46.32
|Amiya Kumar Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,141
|44.76
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,749
|-
| 68
| [[Kandi Assembly constituency|Kandi]]
|[[Apurba Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,399
|51.16
|Goutam Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,319
|30.74
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |38,080
|-
| 69
| [[Bharatpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bharatpur]]
|[[Humayun Kabir (Bharatpur politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,226
|50.90
|Iman Kalyan Mukherjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53,143
|28.11
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |43,083
|-
| 70
| [[Rejinagar Assembly constituency|Rejinagar]]
|[[Rabiul Alam Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,18,494
|56.31
|Arabinda Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,226
|23.87
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |68,268
|-
| 71
| [[Beldanga Assembly constituency|Beldanga]]
|[[Hasanuzzaman Sk|Sheikh Hasanuzzaman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,862
|55.19
|Sumit Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,030
|28.86
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |53,832
|-
| 72
| [[Baharampur Assembly constituency|Baharampur]]
|[[Subrata Maitra (politician)|Subrata Maitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,340
|45.21
|Naru Gopal Mukherjee
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|62,488
|31.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |26,852
|-
| 73
| [[Hariharpara Assembly constituency|Hariharpara]]
|[[Niamot Sheikh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,660
|47.51
|Mir Alamgir
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,594
|41.00
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |14,066
|-
| 74
| [[Naoda Assembly constituency|Naoda]]
|[[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,684
|58.16
|Anupam Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43,531
|21.51
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |74,153
|-
| 75
| [[Domkal Assembly constituency|Domkal]]
|[[Jafikul Islam]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,27,671
|56.45
|Mostafizur Rahaman
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|80,442
|35.57
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |47,229
|-
| 76
| [[Jalangi Assembly constituency|Jalangi]]
|[[Abdur Razzak (Murshidabad politician)|Abdur Razzak]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,23,840
|55.74
|Saiful Islam Molla
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|44,564
|20.06
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |79,276
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Nadia district|'''Nadia district''']]
|-
| 77
| [[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]]
|[[Bimalendu Sinha Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,911
|50.07
|Samarendra Nath Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,336
|39.43
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,575
|-
| 78
| [[Tehatta Assembly constituency|Tehatta]]
|[[Tapas Kumar Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|97,848
|44.86
|Ashutosh Paul
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,933
|41.69
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,915
|-
| 79
| [[Palashipara Assembly constituency|Palashipara]]
|[[Manik Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,274
|54.22
|Bibhash Chandra Mandal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58,938
|28.98
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |51,336
|-
| 80
| [[Kaliganj Assembly constituency|Kaliganj]]
|[[Nasiruddin Ahamed]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,696
|53.35
|Abhijit Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,709
|30.91
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |46,987
|-
| 81
| [[Nakashipara Assembly constituency|Nakashipara]]
|[[Kallol Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,812
|50.01
|Santanu Dey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,541
|39.86
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |21,271
|-
| 82
| [[Chapra, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Chapra]]
|[[Rukbanur Rahman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|73,866
|34.65
|Jeber Sheikh
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|61,748
|28.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,118
|-
| 83
| [[Krishnanagar Uttar Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar Uttar]]
| [[Mukul Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,09,357
|54.19
| [[Koushani Mukherjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|74,268
|36.80
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |35,089
|-
| 84
| [[Nabadwip Assembly constituency|Nabadwip]]
|[[Pundarikakshya Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,170
|48.52
|Siddharth Shankar Naskar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,599
|39.70
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,571
|-
| 85
| [[Krishnanagar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar Dakshin]]
|[[Ujjal Biswas]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,738
|46.88
|Mahadev Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,433
|42.13
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,305
|-
| 86
| [[Santipur Assembly constituency|Santipur]]
| [[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,09,722
|49.94
|[[Ajoy Dey]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,844
|42.72
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |15,878
|-
| 87
| [[Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Paschim]]
| [[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,637
|50.91
|Shankar Singha
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|90,509
|40.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |23,128
|-
| 88
| [[Krishnaganj Assembly constituency|Krishnaganj]] (SC)
| [[Ashis Kumar Biswas|Ashish Kumar Biswas]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,17,668
|50.73
|[[Tapas Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,391
|41.56
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |21,277
|-
| 89
| [[Ranaghat Uttar Purba Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Purba]] (SC)
|[[Ashim Biswas]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,786
|54.39
| [[Samir Kumar Poddar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|85,004
|39.59
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |31,782
|-
| 90
| [[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Dakshin]] (SC)
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,260
|49.34
|Barnali Dey Roy
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,745
|42.51
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |16,515
|-
| 91
| [[Chakdaha Assembly constituency|Chakdaha]]
| [[Bankim Chandra Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,368
|46.86
|Subhankar Singha
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,688
|41.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,680
|-
| 92
| [[Kalyani Assembly constituency|Kalyani]] (SC)
| [[Ambika Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,026
|44.04
|Aniruddha Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,820
|43.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,206
|-
| 93
| [[Haringhata Assembly constituency|Haringhata]] (SC)
| [[Asim Kumar Sarkar|Ashim Kumar Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,666
|46.31
|Nilima Nag
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|82,466
|39.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |15,200
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[North 24 Parganas district|'''North 24 Parganas district''']]
|-
| 94
| [[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagda]] (SC)
| [[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,111
|49.41
|Paritosh Kumar Saha
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|98,319
|44.94
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |9,792
|-
| 95
| [[Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency|Bangaon Uttar]] (SC)
| [[Ashok Kirtania]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,761
|47.65
|Shyamal Roy
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,273
|42.54
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |10,488
|-
| 96
| [[Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency|Bangaon Dakshin]] (SC)
| [[Swapan Majumder]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,828
|47.07
|Alo Rani Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,824
|46.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |2,004
|-
| 97
| [[Gaighata Assembly constituency|Gaighata]] (SC)
| [[Subrata Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,808
|47.27
|Narottam Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,230
|42.78
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |9,578
|-
| 98
| [[Swarupnagar Assembly constituency|Swarupnagar]] (SC)
|[[Bina Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,784
|47.11
|Brindaban Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,984
|30.68
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |34,800
|-
| 99
| [[Baduria Assembly constituency|Baduria]]
|[[Abdur Rahim Quazi|Abdur Rahim Qazi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,701
|51.53
|Sukalyan Baidya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53,257
|25.02
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |56,444
|-
| 100
| [[Habra Assembly constituency|Habra]]
|[[Jyotipriya Mallick]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|90,533
|44.34
|Rahul Sinha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,692
|42.46
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,841
|-
| 101
| [[Ashoknagar Assembly constituency|Ashoknagar]]
| [[Narayan Goswami]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,587
|43.18
|Tanuja Chakraborty
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,055
|32.32
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,532
|-
| 102
| [[Amdanga Assembly constituency|Amdanga]]
|[[Rafiqur Rahaman]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|88,935
|42.00
|Joydeb Manna
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,455
|29.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |25,480
|-
| 103
| [[Bijpur Assembly constituency|Bijpur]]
|[[Subodh Adhikary]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|66,625
|47.90
| [[Subhranshu Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53,278
|38.30
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13,347
|-
| 104
| [[Naihati Assembly constituency|Naihati]]
|[[Partha Bhowmick]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|77,753
|49.69
|Phalguni Patra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58,898
|37.64
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,855
|-
| 105
| [[Bhatpara Assembly constituency|Bhatpara]]
| [[Pawan Singh (politician)|Pawan Kumar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,244
|53.40
|Jitendra Shaw
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|43,557
|40.63
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |13,687
|-
| 106
| [[Jagatdal Assembly constituency|Jagatdal]]
|[[Somenath Shyam Ichini]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,030
|48.01
|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (politician)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,666
|37.88
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,364
|-
| 107
| [[Noapara Assembly constituency|Noapara]]
|[[Manju Basu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,203
|48.90
|[[Sunil Singh (politician)|Sunil Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,493
|35.04
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,710
|-
| 108
| [[Barrackpur Assembly constituency|Barrackpur]]
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|68,887
|46.47
|Chandramani Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,665
|40.25
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,222
|-
| 109
| [[Khardaha Assembly constituency|Khardaha]]
|[[Kajal Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|89,807
|49.04
|[[Silbhadra Dutta|Shilbhadra Dutta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,667
|33.67
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28,140
|-
| 110
| [[Dum Dum Uttar Assembly constituency|Dum Dum Uttar]]
|[[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,465
|44.79
|Archana Majumdar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,966
|31.42
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28,499
|-
| 111
| [[Panihati Assembly constituency|Panihati]]
|[[Nirmal Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|86,495
|49.61
|Sanmoy Banerjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,318
|35.17
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |25,177
|-
| 112
| [[Kamarhati Assembly constituency|Kamarhati]]
|[[Madan Mitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|73,845
|51.17
|Anindya Banerjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38,437
|26.64
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,408
|-
| 113
| [[Baranagar Assembly constituency|Baranagar]]
|[[Tapas Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|85,615
|53.42
|[[Parno Mitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,468
|31.49
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,147
|-
| 114
| [[Dum Dum Assembly constituency|Dum Dum]]
|[[Bratya Basu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,999
|47.48
|Bimal Shankar Nanda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,368
|33.06
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,731
|-
| 115
| [[Rajarhat New Town Assembly constituency|Rajarhat New Town]]
|[[Tapash Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,27,374
|54.22
|Bhaskar Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,942
|30.20
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |56,432
|-
| 116
| [[Bidhannagar Assembly constituency|Bidhannagar]]
|[[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|75,912
|46.85
|[[Sabyasachi Dutta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,915
|41.91
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,997
|-
| 117
| [[Rajarhat Gopalpur Assembly constituency|Rajarhat Gopalpur]]
|[[Aditi Munshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,650
|49.04
|[[Samik Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,354
|34.89
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |25,296
|-
| 118
| [[Madhyamgram Assembly constituency|Madhyamgram]]
|[[Rathin Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,741
|48.93
|Rajasree Rajbanshi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,615
|28.04
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |48,126
|-
| 119
| [[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat]]
|[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,431
|46.27
|Shankar Chatterjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,648
|35.73
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,783
|-
| 120
| [[Deganga Assembly constituency|Deganga]]
|[[Rahima Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,105
|46.70
|Karim Ali
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|67,568
|31.52
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,537
|-
| 121
| [[Haroa Assembly constituency|Haroa]]
|[[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,30,398
|57.34
|Kutubuddin Fathe
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|49,420
|21.73
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |80,978
|-
| 122
| [[Minakhan Assembly constituency|Minakhan]] (SC)
|[[Usha Rani Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,818
|51.72
|Jayanta Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53,988
|25.42
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |55,830
|-
| 123
| [[Sandeshkhali Assembly constituency|Sandeshkhali]] (ST)
|[[Sukumar Mahata]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,450
|54.64
|Bhaskar Sardar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,765
|35.36
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |39,685
|-
| 124
| [[Basirhat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Basirhat Dakshin]]
|[[Saptarshi Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,15,873
|49.15
|Tarak Nath Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,405
|38.77
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,468
|-
| 125
| [[Basirhat Uttar Assembly constituency|Basirhat Uttar]]
|[[Rafikul Islam Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,37,216
|57.55
|Mohammad Baijid Amin
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|47,865
|20.08
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |89,351
|-
| 126
| [[Hingalganj Assembly constituency|Hingalganj]] (SC)
|[[Debes Mondal|Debesh Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,706
|53.78
|Nemai Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,790
|40.98
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,916
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[South 24 Parganas|'''South 24 Parganas district''']]
|-
| 127
| [[Gosaba Assembly constituency|Gosaba]] (SC)
|[[Jayanta Naskar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,723
|53.99
|Barun Pramanik
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,014
|41.88
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,709
|-
| 128
| [[Basanti Assembly constituency|Basanti]] (SC)
|[[Shyamal Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,453
|52.10
|Ramesh Majhi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,811
|28.43
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,642
|-
| 129
| [[Kultali Assembly constituency|Kultali]] (SC)
|[[Ganesh Chandra Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,238
|51.57
|Mintu Halder
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,061
|30.82
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |47,177
|-
| 130
| [[Patharpratima Assembly constituency|Patharpratima]]
|[[Samir Kumar Jana]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,20,181
|51.85
|Asit Kumar Haldar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,047
|42.30
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,134
|-
| 131
| [[Kakdwip Assembly constituency|Kakdwip]]
|[[Manturam Pakhira]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,14,493
|52.14
|Dipankar Jana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,191
|40.62
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |25,302
|-
| 132
| [[Sagar, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Sagar]]
|[[Bankim Chandra Hazra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,29,000
|53.96
|Kamila Bikash
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,154
|41.48
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |29,846
|-
| 133
| [[Kulpi Assembly constituency|Kulpi]]
|[[Jogaranjan Halder]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,577
|50.01
|Pranab Kumar Mallik
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,759
|32.50
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |33,818
|-
| 134
| [[Raidighi Assembly constituency|Raidighi]]
|[[Aloke Jaldata]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,15,707
|48.47
|Santanu Bapuli
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,139
|33.57
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,568
|-
| 135
| [[Mandirbazar Assembly constituency|Mandirbazar]] (SC)
|[[Joydeb Halder]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,834
|48.04
|Dilip Kumar Jatua
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,342
|36.26
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,492
|-
| 136
| [[Jaynagar Assembly constituency|Jaynagar]] (SC)
|[[Biswanath Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,952
|51.85
|Rabin Sardar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,269
|32.74
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |38,683
|-
| 137
| [[Baruipur Purba Assembly constituency|Baruipur Purba]] (SC)
|[[Bivas Sardar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,23,243
|54.75
|Chandan Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,602
|32.70
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |49,641
|-
| 138
| [[Canning Paschim Assembly constituency|Canning Paschim]] (SC)
|[[Paresh Ram Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,059
|50.86
|Arnab Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,816
|34.72
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,243
|-
| 139
| [[Canning Purba Assembly constituency|Canning Purba]]
|[[Saokat Molla]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,22,301
|52.54
|Gazi Shahabuddin Siraji
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|69,294
|29.77
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |53,007
|-
| 140
| [[Baruipur Paschim Assembly constituency|Baruipur Paschim]]
|[[Biman Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,21,006
|57.27
|Debopam Chattopadhyaya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,096
|27.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |61,910
|-
| 141
| [[Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency|Magrahat Purba]] (SC)
|[[Namita Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,945
|53.82
|Chandan Kumar Naskar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56,866
|27.58
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |54,079
|-
| 142
| [[Magrahat Paschim Assembly constituency|Magrahat Paschim]]
|[[Giasuddin Molla]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|97,006
|49.93
|Manas Dhurjati Saha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,065
|25.77
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |46,941
|-
| 143
| [[Diamond Harbour Assembly constituency|Diamond Harbour]]
|[[Pannalal Halder]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|98,478
|43.69
|[[Dipak Kumar Halder]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,482
|36.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16,996
|-
| 144
| [[Falta Assembly constituency|Falta]]
|[[Sankar Kumar Naskar|Shankar Kumar Naskar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,179
|56.35
|Bidhan Parui
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,405
|36.75
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |40,774
|-
| 145
| [[Satgachhia Assembly constituency|Satgachia]]
|[[Mohan Chandra Naskar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,18,635
|50.37
|Chandan Pal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,317
|40.47
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,318
|-
| 146
| [[Bishnupur, South 24 Parganas Assembly constituency|Bishnupur (S24)]] (SC)
|[[Dilip Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,36,509
|57.46
|Agniswar Naskar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,677
|32.70
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |58,832
|-
| 147
| [[Sonarpur Dakshin Assembly constituency|Sonarpur Dakshin]]
|[[Arundhuti Maitra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,222
|46.92
|[[Anjana Basu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,041
|35.67
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,181
|-
| 148
| [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|Bhangar]]
| [[Nawsad Siddique]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|1,09,237
|45.10
|Karim Rezaul
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|83,086
|34.31
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}} ; color:white;" |26,151
|-
| 149
| [[Kasba, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Kasba]]
|[[Javed Ahmed Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,21,372
|54.39
|Indranil Khan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,750
|25.88
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |63,622
|-
| 150
| [[Jadavpur Assembly constituency|Jadavpur]]
|[[Debabrata Majumdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|98,100
|45.54
|[[Sujan Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|59,231
|27.50
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |38,869
|-
| 151
| [[Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency|Sonarpur Uttar]]
|[[Firdousi Begum]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,19,957
|49.88
|Ranjan Baidya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,867
|34.87
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |36,090
|-
| 152
| [[Tollyganj Assembly constituency|Tollygunge]]
|[[Aroop Biswas]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,440
|51.40
|[[Babul Supriyo]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51,360
|26.02
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,080
|-
| 153
| [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]
|[[Ratna Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,968
|50.01
|[[Payel Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,540
|33.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |37,428
|-
| 154
| [[Behala Paschim Assembly constituency|Behala Paschim]]
|[[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,14,778
|49.51
|[[Srabanti Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,894
|27.56
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,884
|-
|155
| [[Maheshtala Assembly constituency|Maheshtala]]
|[[Dulal Chandra Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,24,008
|56.38
|Umesh Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,059
|30.03
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |57,949
|-
| 156
| [[Budge Budge Assembly constituency|Budge Budge]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Deb]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,22,357
|56.41
|Tarun Kumar Adak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,643
|35.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |44,714
|-
| 157
| [[Metiaburuz Assembly constituency|Metiaburuz]]
|[[Abdul Khaleque Molla]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,51,066
|76.85
|Ramjit Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31,462
|16.00
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,19,604
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Kolkata district|'''Kolkata district''']]
|-
| 158
| [[Kolkata Port Assembly constituency|Kolkata Port]]
|[[Firhad Hakim]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,543
|69.23
|Awadh Kishore Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36,989
|24.26
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |68,554
|-
| 159
| [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
|[[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|73,505
|57.71
|[[Rudranil Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44,786
|35.16
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28,719
|-
| 160
| [[Rashbehari Assembly constituency|Rashbehari]]
|[[Debasish Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|65,704
|52.79
|Subrata Saha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44,290
|35.59
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |21,414
|-
| 161
| [[Ballygunge Assembly constituency|Ballygunge]]
|[[Subrata Mukherjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,06,585
|70.60
|Lokenath Chatterjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31,226
|20.68
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |75,359
|-
| 162
| [[Chowrangee Assembly constituency|Chowrangee]]
|[[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|70,101
|62.87
|Devdutta Maji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24,757
|22.20
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |45,344
|-
| 163
| [[Entally Assembly constituency|Entally]]
|[[Swarna Kamal Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,709
|64.83
|Priyanka Tibrewal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43,452
|27.70
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |58,257
|-
| 164
| [[Beleghata Assembly constituency|Beleghata]]
|[[Paresh Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,03,182
|65.10
|Kashinath Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36,042
|22.74
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |67,140
|-
| 165
| [[Jorasanko Assembly constituency|Jorasanko]]
|[[Vivek Gupta (politician)|Vivek Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|52,123
|52.67
|Meena Devi Purohit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39,380
|39.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,743
|-
| 166
| [[Shyampukur Assembly constituency|Shyampukur]]
|[[Shashi Panja]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|55,785
|54.18
|Sandipan Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33,265
|32.31
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,520
|-
| 167
| [[Maniktala Assembly constituency|Maniktala]]
|[[Sadhan Pande]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|67,577
|50.82
|[[Kalyan Chaubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47,339
|35.60
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,238
|-
| 168
| [[Kashipur-Belgachhia Assembly constituency|Kashipur-Belgachia]]
|[[Atin Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|76,182
|56.48
|Sibaji Sinha Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40,792
|30.24
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,390
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Howrah district|'''Howrah district''']]
|-
| 169
| [[Bally Assembly constituency|Bally]]
|[[Rana Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|53,347
|42.38
|[[Baishali Dalmiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47,110
|37.43
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,237
|-
| 170
| [[Howrah Uttar Assembly constituency|Howrah Uttar]]
|[[Gautam Chowdhuri]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|71,575
|47.81
|Umesh Rai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,053
|44.12
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,522
|-
| 171
| [[Howrah Madhya Assembly constituency|Howrah Madhya]]
|[[Arup Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,554
|57.16
|Sanjay Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,007
|33.31
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |46,547
|-
| 172
| [[Shibpur Assembly constituency|Shibpur]]
|[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|92,372
|50.69
|Rathin Chakrabarty
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,769
|32.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,603
|-
| 173
| [[Howrah Dakshin Assembly constituency|Howrah Dakshin]]
|[[Nandita Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,839
|53.85
|Rantidev Sengupta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,270
|30.55
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,569
|-
| 174
| [[Sankrail Assembly constituency|Sankrail]] (SC)
|[[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,888
|50.37
|Prabhakar Pandit
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,461
|32.17
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |40,427
|-
| 175
| [[Panchla Assembly constituency|Panchla]]
|[[Gulsan Mullick]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,572
|48.19
|Mohit Lal Ghanti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,821
|33.10
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,751
|-
| 176
| [[Uluberia Purba Assembly constituency|Uluberia Purba]]
|[[Bidesh Ranjan Bose]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|86,526
|44.83
|Pratyush Mandal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,400
|35.95
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,126
|-
| 177
| [[Uluberia Uttar Assembly constituency|Uluberia Uttar]] (SC)
|[[Nirmal Maji]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,501
|49.25
|Chiran Bera
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,498
|37.95
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |21,003
|-
| 178
| [[Uluberia Dakshin Assembly constituency|Uluberia Dakshin]]
|[[Pulak Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,880
|50.37
|[[Papiya Adhikari|Papia Dey Adhikary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,442
|36.31
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28,438
|-
| 179
| [[Shyampur Assembly constituency|Shyampur]]
|[[Kalipada Mandal]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,14,804
|51.74
|[[Tanusree Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,293
|37.54
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,511
|-
| 180
| [[Bagnan Assembly constituency|Bagnan]]
|[[Arunava Sen (politician)|Arunava Sen]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,06,042
|53.04
|Anupam Mallik
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,922
|37.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |30,120
|-
| 181
| [[Amta Assembly constituency|Amta]]
|[[Sukanta Kumar Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,445
|49.06
|Debtanu Bhattacharya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,240
|36.51
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,205
|-
| 182
| [[Udaynarayanpur Assembly constituency|Udaynarayanpur]]
|[[Samir Kumar Panja]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,510
|51.21
|Sumit Ranjan Karar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,512
|44.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13,998
|-
| 183
| [[Jagatballavpur Assembly constituency|Jagatballavpur]]
|[[Sitanath Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,562
|49.45
|Anupam Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,366
|37.06
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |29,196
|-
| 184
| [[Domjur Assembly constituency|Domjur]]
|[[Kalyan Ghosh (politician)|Kalyan Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,30,499
|52.00
|[[Rajib Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,879
|35.01
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |42,620
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Hooghly district|'''Hooghly district''']]
|-
| 185
| [[Uttarpara Assembly constituency|Uttarpara]]
|[[Kanchan Mullick]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,878
|46.96
|[[Prabir Kumar Ghosal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,889
|28.96
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |35,989
|-
| 186
| [[Sreerampur Assembly constituency|Sreerampur]]
|[[Sudipto Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,021
|49.46
|Kabir Shankar Bose
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,588
|37.00
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,433
|-
| 187
| [[Champdani Assembly constituency|Champdani]]
|[[Arindam Guin]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,972
|50.20
|Dilip Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,894
|35.25
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |30,078
|-
| 188
| [[Singur Assembly constituency|Singur]]
|[[Becharam Manna]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,077
|48.15
|[[Rabindranath Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,154
|35.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |25,923
|-
| 189
| [[Chandannagar Assembly constituency|Chandannagar]]
|[[Indranil Sen]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|86,778
|47.63
|Deepanjan Guha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,749
|30.60
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,029
|-
| 190
| [[Chunchura Assembly constituency|Chunchura]]
|[[Asit Mazumdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,104
|45.97
|[[Locket Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,687
|38.74
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,417
|-
| 191
| [[Balagarh Assembly constituency|Balagarh]] (SC)
|[[Manoranjan Byapari]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,364
|45.63
|Subhash Chandra Haldar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,580
|43.00
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,784
|-
| 192
| [[Pandua Assembly constituency|Pandua]]
|[[Ratna De|Ratna De Nag]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,874
|45.99
|Partha Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,016
|31.75
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,858
|-
| 193
| [[Saptagram Assembly constituency|Saptagram]]
|[[Tapan Dasgupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,328
|48.56
|Debabrata Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,556
|43.48
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,772
|-
| 194
| [[Chanditala Assembly constituency|Chanditala]]
|[[Swati Khandoker]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,03,118
|49.79
|[[Yash Dasgupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,771
|29.83
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |41,347
|-
| 195
| [[Jangipara Assembly constituency|Jangipara]]
|[[Snehasis Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,885
|48.42
|Debjit Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,959
|39.90
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,926
|-
| 196
| [[Haripal Assembly constituency|Haripal]]
|[[Karabi Manna]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,215
|49.92
|Samiran Mitra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,143
|39.47
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,072
|-
| 197
| [[Dhanekhali Assembly constituency|Dhanekhali]] (SC)
|[[Ashima Patra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,24,776
|53.36
|Tushar Kumar Majumdar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,617
|40.46
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |30,159
|-
| 198
| [[Tarakeswar Assembly constituency|Tarakeswar]]
|[[Ramendu Sinharay]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,698
|46.96
|[[Swapan Dasgupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,214
|43.33
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,484
|-
| 199
| [[Pursurah Assembly constituency|Pursurah]]
|[[Biman Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,19,334
|53.50
|Dilip Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,156
|40.86
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |28,178
|-
| 200
| [[Arambagh Assembly constituency|Arambagh]] (SC)
|[[Madhusudan Bag]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,108
|46.88
|Sujata Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,936
|43.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |7,172
|-
| 201
| [[Goghat Assembly constituency|Goghat]] (SC)
|[[Biswanath Karak]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,227
|46.56
|[[Manas Majumdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|98,080
|44.67
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,147
|-
| 202
| [[Khanakul Assembly constituency|Khanakul]]
|[[Susanta Ghosh (politician)|Susanta Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,403
|49.27
|Munshi Nazbul Karim
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,519
|43.36
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |12,884
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Purba Medinipur district|'''Purba Medinipur district''']]
|-
| 203
| [[Tamluk Assembly constituency|Tamluk]]
|[[Soumen Mahapatra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,243
|45.86
|Hare Krishna Bera
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,450
|45.52
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |793
|-
| 204
| [[Panskura Purba Assembly constituency|Panskura Purba]]
|[[Biplab Roy Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,213
|45.97
|Debabrata Pattanayek
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,553
|41.11
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,660
|-
| 205
| [[Panskura Paschim Assembly constituency|Panskura Paschim]]
|[[Phiroja Bibi|Firoja Bibi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,705
|47.71
|Sintu Senapati
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,816
|43.91
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,889
|-
| 206
| [[Moyna Assembly constituency|Moyna]]
|[[Ashok Dinda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,109
|48.17
|Sangram Kumar Dolai
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,06,849
|47.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,260
|-
| 207
| [[Nandakumar Assembly constituency|Nandakumar]]
|[[Sukumar De]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,181
|47.60
|Nilanjan Adhikary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,775
|45.22
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,406
|-
| 208
| [[Mahisadal Assembly constituency|Mahisadal]]
|[[Tilak Kumar Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,01,986
|46.49
|Biswanath Banerjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,600
|45.41
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,386
|-
| 209
| [[Haldia Assembly constituency|Haldia]] (SC)
|[[Tapasi Mondal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,126
|47.15
|Swapan Naskar
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|89,118
|40.36
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |15,008
|-
| 210
| [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]<ref name=Nandigram>{{cite web|date=2 May 2021|title=Nandigram: After Hours of Confusion, BJP's Suvendu Adhikari Emerges Winner|url=https://thewire.in/politics/nandigram-election-bengal-mamata-banerjee-suvendu-adhikari|work=The Wire|access-date=8 June 2021|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608203828/https://thewire.in/politics/nandigram-election-bengal-mamata-banerjee-suvendu-adhikari|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=210Nandigram/><ref name=oneindia210>{{cite web|title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share|url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/|work=Oneindia|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627210242/https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=timesnow210>{{cite web|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE – Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612225129/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,764
|48.49
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,808
|47.64
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,956
|-
| 211
| [[Chandipur Assembly constituency|Chandipur]]
|[[Soham Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,770
|49.82
|Pulak Kanti Guria
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,298
|43.71
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13,472
|-
| 212
| [[Patashpur Assembly constituency|Patashpur]]
|[[Uttam Barik]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,299
|50.42
|Ambujaksha Mahanti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,305
|45.64
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,994
|-
| 213
| [[Kanthi Uttar Assembly constituency|Kanthi Uttar]]
|[[Sumita Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,524
|49.70
|Tarun Kumar Jana
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,194
|45.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |9,330
|-
| 214
| [[Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency|Bhagabanpur]]
|[[Rabindranath Maity]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,21,480
|54.46
|[[Ardhendu Maity]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,931
|42.19
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |27,549
|-
| 215
| [[Khejuri Assembly constituency|Khejuri]] (SC)
|[[Santanu Pramanik|Shantanu Pramanik]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,407
|51.93
|Partha Pratim Das
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|92,442
|43.48
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |17,965
|-
| 216
| [[Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency|Kanthi Dakshin]]
|[[Arup Kumar Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,477
|50.58
|[[Jyotirmoy Kar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|88,184
|45.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |10,293
|-
| 217
| [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
|[[Akhil Giri]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,622
|50.72
|Swadesh Ranjan Nayak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,105
|45.08
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,517
|-
| 218
| [[Egra Assembly constituency|Egra]]
|[[Tarun Kumar Maity]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,25,763
|52.22
|Arup Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,272
|44.55
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,491
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Paschim Medinipur district|'''Paschim Medinipur district''']]
|-
| 219
| [[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]]
|[[Bikram Chandra Pradhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,609
|48.18
|Shaktipada Nayak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,834
|47.79
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |775
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Jhargram district|'''Jhargram district''']]
|-
| 220
| [[Nayagram Assembly constituency|Nayagram]] (ST)
|[[Dulal Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,825
|52.52
|Bakul Murmu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,089
|40.55
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,736
|-
| 221
| [[Gopiballavpur Assembly constituency|Gopiballavpur]]
|[[Khagendra Nath Mahata]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,710
|52.34
|Sanjit Mahata
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,106
|40.31
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,604
|-
| 222
| [[Jhargram Assembly constituency|Jhargram]]
|[[Birbaha Hansda]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,044
|54.34
|Sukhamoy Satpathy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,048
|35.23
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |37,996
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Paschim Medinipur district|'''Paschim Medinipur district''']]
|-
| 223
| [[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary]] (ST)
|[[Paresh Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,06,366
|50.01
|Sonali Murmu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,036
|42.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,330
|-
| 224
| [[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar]]
|[[Hiran Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,607
|46.45
|[[Pradip Sarkar (West Bengal politician)|Pradip Sarkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|75,836
|44.25
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,771
|-
| 225
| [[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]]
|[[Surja Kanta Atta]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,894
|46.33
|Ram Prasad Giri
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,478
|45.23
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,416
|-
| 226
| [[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]]
|[[Manas Bhunia]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,098
|47.46
|Amulya Maity
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,234
|43.28
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,864
|-
| 227
| [[Pingla Assembly constituency|Pingla]]
|[[Ajit Maity]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,435
|49.17
|Antara Bhattacharya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,779
|46.26
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,656
|-
| 228
| [[Kharagpur Assembly constituency|Kharagpur]]
|[[Dinen Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,727
|54.85
|Tapan Bhuiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,497
|36.74
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |36,230
|-
| 229
| [[Debra Assembly constituency|Debra]]
|[[Humayun Kabir (Debra politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|95,850
|46.79
|Bharati Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,624
|41.31
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,226
|-
| 230
| [[Daspur Assembly constituency|Daspur]]
|[[Mamata Bhunia]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,14,753
|51.58
|Prashanth Bera
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,911
|39.52
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,842
|-
| 231
| [[Ghatal Assembly constituency|Ghatal]]
|[[Sital Kapat|Shital Kapat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,812
|46.95
|[[Shankar Dolai]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,846
|46.52
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |966
|-
| 232
| [[Chandrakona Assembly constituency|Chandrakona]] (SC)
|[[Arup Dhara]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,21,846
|48.87
|Shibram Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,565
|44.35
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,281
|-
| 233
| [[Garbeta Assembly constituency|Garbeta]]
|[[Uttara Singha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,928
|45.71
|Madan Ruidas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,356
|40.62
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,572
|-
| 234
| [[Salboni Assembly constituency|Salboni]]
|[[Srikanta Mahata]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,26,020
|50.57
|Rajib Kundu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,376
|37.47
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |32,644
|-
| 235
| [[Keshpur Assembly constituency|Keshpur]]
|[[Seuli Saha|Siuli Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,992
|50.81
|Pritish Ranjan Kuar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,272
|41.82
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,720
|-
| 236
| [[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
|[[June Malia]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,21,175
|50.72
|Shamit Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,778
|40.51
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,397
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Jhargram district|'''Jhargram district''']]
|-
| 237
| [[Binpur Assembly constituency|Binpur]] (ST)
|[[Debnath Hansda]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|99,786
|53.18
|Palan Saren
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,213
|32.09
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |39,573
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Purulia district|'''Purulia district''']]
|-
| 238
| [[Bandwan Assembly constituency|Bandwan]] (ST)
|[[Rajib Lochan Saren]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,183
|47.07
|Parsi Murmu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,298
|39.14
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,885
|-
| 239
| [[Balarampur, Purulia Assembly constituency|Balarampur]]
|[[Baneswar Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,803
|45.17
|[[Santiram Mahato|Shantiram Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|88,530
|45.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |273
|-
| 240
| [[Baghmundi Assembly constituency|Baghmundi]]
|[[Sushanta Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|75,245
|36.76
|Ashutosh Mahato
|{{Party name with color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}
|61,510
|30.05
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13,735
|-
| 241
| [[Joypur, Purulia Assembly constituency|Joypur]]
|[[Narahari Mahato]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,713
|36.66
|Phani Bhushan Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,611
|30.64
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |12,102
|-
| 242
| [[Purulia Assembly constituency|Purulia]]
|[[Sudip Kumar Mukherjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,899
|43.33
|Sujoy Banerjee
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|82,134
|40.12
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |6,585
|-
| 243
| [[Manbazar Assembly constituency|Manbazar]] (ST)
|[[Sandhya Rani Tudu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,02,169
|48.39
|Gouri Singh Sardar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,679
|41.05
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,490
|-
| 244
| [[Kashipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Kashipur]]
|[[Kamalakanta Hansda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,061
|47.68
|[[Swapan Kumar Beltharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|84,829
|43.93
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |7,240
|-
| 245
| [[Para Assembly constituency|Para]] (SC)
|[[Nadiar Chand Bouri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,930
|45.01
|[[Umapada Bauri]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|82,986
|42.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,944
|-
| 246
| [[Raghunathpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Raghunathpur]] (SC)
|[[Vivekananda Bauri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,994
|44.59
|Bouri Hazari
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|89,671
|42.04
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |5,323
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Bankura district|'''Bankura district''']]
|-
| 247
| [[Saltora Assembly constituency|Saltora]] (SC)
|[[Chandana Bauri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,648
|45.28
|Santosh Kumar Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,503
|43.23
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,145
|-
| 248
| [[Chhatna Assembly constituency|Chhatna]]
|[[Satyanarayan Mukhopadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,233
|45.84
|Subasish Batabyal
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|83,069
|42.20
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |7,164
|-
| 249
| [[Ranibandh Assembly constituency|Ranibandh]] (ST)
|[[Jyotsna Mandi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|90,928
|43.06
|Kshudiram Tudu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,989
|41.19
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,939
|-
| 250
| [[Raipur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Raipur]] (ST)
|[[Mrityunjoy Murmu]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|101,043
|51.96
|Sudhanshu Hansda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,645
|41.98
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |19,398
|-
| 251
| [[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]]
|[[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|92,026
|45.29
|Shyamal Kumar Sarkar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,649
|39.20
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,377
|-
| 252
| [[Bankura Assembly constituency|Bankura]]
|[[Niladri Sekhar Dana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,466
|43.79
|[[Sayantika Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,998
|43.12
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,468
|-
| 253
| [[Barjora Assembly constituency|Barjora]]
|[[Alok Mukherjee (politician)|Alok Mukherjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,290
|42.51
|Supriti Chatterjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,021
|41.02
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,269
|-
| 254
| [[Onda Assembly constituency|Onda]]
|[[Amarnath Shakha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,940
|46.48
|[[Arup Kumar Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|93,389
|41.37
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,551
|-
| 255
| [[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Bishnupur (Bankura)]]
|[[Tanmay Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,743
|46.79
|Archita Bid
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|77,610
|40.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,133
|-
| 256
| [[Katulpur Assembly constituency|Katulpur]] (SC)
|[[Harakali Protiher]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,022
|47.31
|Sangeeta Malik
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,237
|42.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |11,785
|-
| 257
| [[Indas Assembly constituency|Indas]] (SC)
|[[Nirmal Kumar Dhara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,936
|48.04
|Runu Mete
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|97,716
|44.73
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |7,220
|-
| 258
| [[Sonamukhi Assembly constituency|Sonamukhi]] (SC)
|[[Dibakar Gharami]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,161
|47.25
|[[Shyamal Santra]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|87,273
|42.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |10,888
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Purba Bardhaman district|'''Purba Bardhaman district''']]
|-
| 259
| [[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency|Khandaghosh]] (SC)
|[[Nabin Chandra Bag]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,264
|47.85
|Bijan Mandal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,378
|38.26
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,886
|-
| 260
| [[Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency|Bardhaman Dakshin]]
|[[Khokan Das]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|91,015
|44.32
|Sandip Nandi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,910
|40.38
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,105
|-
| 261
| [[Raina Assembly constituency|Raina]] (SC)
|[[Shampa Dhara]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,752
|47.46
|Manik Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,547
|39.51
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,205
|-
| 262
| [[Jamalpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jamalpur]] (SC)
|[[Alok Kumar Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,999
|46.93
|Balaram Bapari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,028
|38.24
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,971
|-
| 263
| [[Monteswar Assembly constituency|Monteswar]]
|[[Siddiqullah Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,460
|50.45
|Saikat Panja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,655
|35.24
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,805
|-
| 264
| [[Kalna Assembly constituency|Kalna]] (SC)
|[[Deboprasad Bag]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|96,073
|45.98
|[[Biswajit Kundu]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,595
|42.40
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,478
|-
| 265
| [[Memari Assembly constituency|Memari]]
|[[Madhusudan Bhattacharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,04,851
|47.92
|Bhismadeb Bhattacharya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,773
|37.37
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,078
|-
| 266
| [[Bardhaman Uttar Assembly constituency|Bardhaman Uttar]] (SC)
|[[Nisith Kumar Malik]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,11,211
|45.97
|Radha Kanta Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,943
|38.83
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,268
|-
| 267
| [[Bhatar Assembly constituency|Bhatar]]
|[[Mangobinda Adhikari]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,028
|50.44
|Mahendranath Kowar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,287
|35.62
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,741
|-
| 268
| [[Purbasthali Dakshin Assembly constituency|Purbasthali Dakshin]]
|[[Swapan Debnath]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,698
|49.08
|Rajib Kumar Bhowmick
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,288
|41.00
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,410
|-
| 269
| [[Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency|Purbasthali Uttar]]
|[[Tapan Chatterjee (politician)|Tapan Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|92,421
|43.52
|Gobardhan Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,715
|40.37
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,706
|-
| 270
| [[Katwa Assembly constituency|Katwa]]
|[[Rabindranath Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,07,894
|48.07
|Shyama Majumdar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,739
|43.99
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,155
|-
| 271
| [[Ketugram Assembly constituency|Ketugram]]
|[[Sekh Sahonawez|Sheikh Shahnawaz]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,226
|46.55
|Anadi Ghosh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,543
|40.66
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,683
|-
| 272
| [[Mangalkot Assembly constituency|Mangalkot]]
|[[Apurba Chowdhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,07,596
|49.51
|Rana Protap Goswami
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,259
|39.23
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,337
|-
| 273
| [[Ausgram Assembly constituency|Ausgram]] (SC)
|[[Abhedananda Thander]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,392
|46.25
|Kalita Maji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,577
|40.80
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,815
|-
| 274
| [[Galsi Assembly constituency|Galsi]] (SC)
|[[Nepal Ghorui]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,09,504
|49.21
|Bikash Biswas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,242
|40.55
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |19,262
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Paschim Bardhaman district|'''Paschim Bardhaman district''']]
|-
| 275
| [[Pandabeswar Assembly constituency|Pandabeswar]]
|[[Narendranath Chakraborty]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|73,922
|44.99
|[[Jitendra Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,119
|42.68
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,803
|-
| 276
| [[Durgapur Purba Assembly constituency|Durgapur Purba]]
|[[Pradip Mazumdar]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|79,303
|41.16
|Diptansu Chaudhury
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,557
|39.21
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,746
|-
| 277
| [[Durgapur Paschim Assembly constituency|Durgapur Paschim]]
|[[Lakshman Chandra Ghorui]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,186
|46.31
|[[Biswanath Parial]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|76,522
|38.86
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |14,664
|-
| 278
| [[Raniganj, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Raniganj]]
|[[Tapas Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|78,164
|42.90
|Bijan Mukherjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,608
|40.95
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,556
|-
| 279
| [[Jamuria Assembly constituency|Jamuria]]
|[[Hareram Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|71,002
|42.59
|Tapas Kumar Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,951
|37.76
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,051
|-
| 280
| [[Asansol Dakshin Assembly constituency|Asansol Dakshin]]
|[[Agnimitra Paul]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,881
|45.13
|[[Saayoni Ghosh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|83,394
|42.82
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |4,487
|-
| 281
| [[Asansol Uttar Assembly constituency|Asansol Uttar]]
|[[Moloy Ghatak]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,931
|52.32
|Krishnendu Mukherjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,821
|41.38
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |21,110
|-
| 282
| [[Kulti Assembly constituency|Kulti]]
|[[Ajay Kumar Poddar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,112
|46.41
|[[Ujjal Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|80,433
|46.02
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |679
|-
| 283
| [[Barabani Assembly constituency|Barabani]]
|[[Bidhan Upadhyay]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|88,430
|52.26
|Arijit Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,973
|38.40
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |23,457
|-
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" align="center" | [[Birbhum district|'''Birbhum district''']]
|-
| 284
| [[Dubrajpur Assembly constituency|Dubrajpur]] (SC)
|[[Anup Kumar Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,083
|47.94
|Debabrata Saha
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|94,220
|46.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,863
|-
| 285
| [[Suri Assembly constituency|Suri]]
|[[Bikash Roychoudhury|Bikash Roy Choudhury]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,05,871
|48.43
|Jagannath Chattopadhyay
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,551
|45.08
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,320
|-
| 286
| [[Bolpur Assembly constituency|Bolpur]]
|[[Chandranath Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,16,443
|50.57
|Anirban Ganguly
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,163
|40.89
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,280
|-
| 287
| [[Nanoor Assembly constituency|Nanoor]] (SC)
|[[Bidhan Chandra Majhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,12,116
|47.64
|Tarakeswar Saha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,446
|44.81
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,670
|-
| 288
| [[Labpur Assembly constituency|Labpur]]
|[[Abhijit Sinha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,423
|51.14
|Biswajit Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,448
|42.66
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,975
|-
| 289
| [[Sainthia Assembly constituency|Sainthia]] (SC)
|[[Nilabati Saha]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,10,572
|49.84
|Piya Saha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,329
|42.97
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,243
|-
| 290
| [[Mayureswar Assembly constituency|Mayureswar]]
|[[Abhijit Roy (politician)|Abhijit Roy]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,00,425
|50.36
|Shyamapada Mondal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,350
|44.30
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,075
|-
| 291
| [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]]
|[[Asish Banerjee|Ashish Banerjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,03,276
|47.52
|Subhasis Choudhury
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,804
|43.62
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,472
|-
| 292
| [[Hansan Assembly constituency|Hansan]]
|[[Asok Kumar Chattopadhyay|Ashok Chattopadhyaya]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,08,289
|51.42
|Nikhil Banerjee
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,676
|27.39
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |50,613
|-
| 293
| [[Nalhati Assembly constituency|Nalhati]]
|[[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Birbhum politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,17,438
|56.54
|Tapas Kumar Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,533
|29.15
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |56,905
|-
| 294
| [[Murarai Assembly constituency|Murarai]]
|[[Mosarraf Hossain]]
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|1,46,496
|67.23
|Debasish Roy
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48,250
|22.14
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |98,246
|}

== Controversies ==
[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] supporters and leaders accused '''No Vote To BJP''' campaign and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]] of leading to the victory of [[All India Trinamool Congress]]. Relations between [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]] weakened after 2021 West Bengal Legislative Election.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/people-accepted-cm-mamata-banerjee-as-anti-bjp-face-cpim-leaders-mention-in-state-conference-2022_424459.html|title = CPIM State Conference 2022: বিজেপিবিরোধী মুখ হিসাবে মানুষের মনে মমতা! 'নো ভোট টু BJP' স্লোগান ঘিরে CPIM-এর অন্দরেই প্রশ্ন|date = 15 March 2022|access-date = 16 February 2023|archive-date = 16 February 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230216213916/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/people-accepted-cm-mamata-banerjee-as-anti-bjp-face-cpim-leaders-mention-in-state-conference-2022_424459.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/who-is-the-main-enemy-faction-in-cpi-m-cpi-ml-liberation-31614683100323.html|title = '‌তৃণমূল'‌ না '‌বিজেপি'‌ আসল শত্রু কে? সিপিএম–সিপিএমএলের মধ্যে ফাটল‌|date = 2 March 2021|access-date = 16 February 2023|archive-date = 16 February 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230216213918/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/who-is-the-main-enemy-faction-in-cpi-m-cpi-ml-liberation-31614683100323.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>

===No Vote To BJP campaign===
No Vote To BJP was a non-partisan, Anti-[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] political campaign in [[West Bengal]]. The campaign motto was ''We requested to all peoples of the [[West Bengal]], ''vote for anyone in the election, but not vote for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] on the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.''.''<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/no-vote-to-bjp-echoes-in-kolkata-to-be-heard-across-bengal|title = 'No Vote to BJP' echoes in Kolkata, to be heard across Bengal|date = 15 March 2021|access-date = 16 February 2023|archive-date = 16 February 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230216213916/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/amp/story/india/no-vote-to-bjp-echoes-in-kolkata-to-be-heard-across-bengal|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/no-vote-to-bjp-rally-in-west-bengal-7222707/lite/|title='No Vote to BJP' rally in West Bengal|date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="202initiatives">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-west-bengal-elections-202-civil-society-initiatives-calling-for-no-vote-to-bjp-gain-momentum/376761|title=Bengal Elections 2021: Civil Society Initiatives Calling for 'No Vote to BJP' Gain Momentum|date=19 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="nationalheraldindia.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/no-vote-to-bjp-echoes-in-kolkata-to-be-heard-across-bengal|title = 'No Vote to BJP' echoes in Kolkata, to be heard across Bengal|date = 15 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="why">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-heres-why-we-wont-vote-for-bjp-photogallery/cid/1809153|title = 'Here's why we won't vote for BJP'}}</ref>

=== Nandigram controversy ===
{{Main|2021 Nandigram controversy}}
On 18 January Mamata Banerjee announced at a rally in Nandigram that she would contest the upcoming assembly elections from Nandigram. Hours later, Suvendu Adhikari said he would defeat the CM by a margin of at least 50,000 votes or quit politics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-west-bengal-polls-nandigram-7151222/|title=Bengal polls: Mamata says will fight from Suvendu turf Nandigram; 'will defeat her or quit politics', he hits back|date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/tmc-workers-of-tamluk-enthusiastic-as-mamata-banerjee-herself-becomes-tmc-candidate/cid/1262248|title=প্রার্থী মমতা, উজ্জীবিত তৃণমূল|first=নিজস্ব|last=সংবাদদাতা|website=Anandabazar}}</ref>

On the eve of polling in Nandigram, the ECI ordered the transfer of the sub-divisional police officer of Haldia and the circle inspector of Mahishadal in Purba Medinipur district to non-election assignments<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/election-commission-removes-bengal-returning-officer-others-1785393-2021-03-31|title=Election Commission orders transfer of 2 West Bengal police officers|date=31 March 2021|website=India Today}}</ref> and imposed Section 144 in that constituency.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bengal-election-sec-144-imposed-in-nandigram-ahead-of-polling-1785600-2021-03-31|title=Bengal Election: Section 144 imposed in Nandigram ahead of polling|first=Poulomi|last=Saha|date=1 April 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref> A day after the polling, stray clashes took place between workers of the TMC and the BJP in some parts of Nandigram.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/west-bengal-assembly-polls-stray-clashes-in-nandigram-a-day-after-polling-233709|title=West Bengal Assembly polls: Stray clashes in Nandigram a day after polling|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>

The votes were counted on 2 May. All eyes were set on the updates of high-voltage Nandigram constituency. 17 rounds of counting was to be done before declaring the winner. Mamata Banerjee was trailing in initial rounds. The EC informed that announcement of results for Nandigram would be delayed because of problem in server.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengal Election Result: নন্দীগ্রামের ফল ঘোষণায় দেরি, সার্ভার সমস্যার কথা জানাল কমিশন|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-tmc-claims-mamata-banerjee-will-won-nandigramdgtl/cid/1278950|website=Anandabazar|date=2 May 2021|language=bn}}</ref> In the 16th round, when the counting of votes in Gokulnagar panchayat area started, Mamata fell behind.<ref>{{cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা|first=নিজস্ব|title=WB Election Result: দিদি নয়, নন্দীগ্রামে দাদার জয়, ১৬২২ ভোটে জিতেছেন শুভেন্দু|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-result-2021-mamata-banerjee-loses-in-nandigram-suvendu-adhikari-wins-dgtl/cid/1278994|access-date=13 July 2021|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> After the 16th round, the counting of 17th round was delayed by an hour. Postal ballots were being counted at that time. At the end of the seventeenth round, it was announced that Mamata Banerjee had won by a margin of 1,200 (or 3,717) votes. Though later, it was declared that Suvendu had defeated (his) former party leader by approximately 1,956 votes.<ref name=Nandigram/><ref name=210Nandigram/><ref name=oneindia210/><ref name=timesnow210/> Mamata banerjee continued to claim that she won Nandigram, Security was beefed up in the vicinity of the Haldia counting centre amid fears of unrest.

Mamata Banerjee alleged that the returning officer of Nandigram constituency was threatened and the two observers sitting inside the counting centre were very biased.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=3 May 2021|title=Press conference at Kalighat I কালীঘাটে সাংবাদিক সম্মেলন।|url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=188902356386217&id=364551790278835|publisher=Mamata Banerjee|language=bn|via=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=3 May 2021|title=Press conference at Kalighat I কালীঘাটে সাংবাদিক সম্মেলন।|url= https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=188903109719475&id=218904931482352|publisher=All India Trinamool Congress|language=bn|via=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 May 2021|title=Nandigram returning officer was threatened by EC official, says Mamata|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/05/03/nandigram-returning-officer-was-threatened-by-ec-official-says-mamata.html|website=The Week}}</ref>

The ECI wrote a letter to the West Bengal chief secretary and directed them to take all appropriate measures to keep a strict watch and regularly monitor the security provided to the returning officer in Nandigram.

Since Adhikari was declared winner, TMC workers protested outside the counting centre. Central Forces protected Adhikari's car while before it left the area. TMC workers alleged that the counting was stopped for three hours, the result was overturned after a power outage, and their agent was assaulted and thrown out from the counting centre by central forces.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=2 May 2021|title=WB Election Result 2021 {{!}} Suvendu Adhikari {{!}} Nandigram {{!}} নন্দীগ্রামে শুভেন্দু পৌছতেই ব্যাপক উত্তেজনা|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7W2JT6g1tNs|publisher=TV9BanglaLive|via=YouTube|language=bn}}</ref>

On 14 July, the High Court issued a notice to Adhikari, the ECI, the state electoral officer, and the returning officer with a direction to keep all election-related records intact until the case was heard on 12 August.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 July 2021|title=Nandigram Petition: HC Serves Notice on Suvendu Adhikari, Asks EC to Preserve All Records|url=https://thewire.in/law/nandigram-petition-suvendu-adhikari-calcutta-hc|access-date=15 September 2021|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 July 2021|title=Preserve Nandigram poll records, Calcutta HC tells EC|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/preserve-nandigram-poll-records-cal-hc-tells-ec/articleshow/84427990.cms|access-date=15 September 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Adhikari went to the Supreme Court seeking transfer of Banerjee's election petition case outside the state.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 July 2021|title=Nandigram Petition: Suvendu Adhikari Moves SC Seeking Transfer of Mamata Banerjee's Plea|url=https://thewire.in/politics/nandigram-petition-suvendu-adhikari-moves-sc-seeking-transfer-of-mamata-banerjees-plea|access-date=15 September 2021|website=The Wire}}</ref>

On 12 August, Adhikari's lawyers submitted before the court of Justice Sarkar that the legislator has approached the Supreme Court seeking transfer of the case from West Bengal. In keeping with the respondent's prayer, Justice Sarkar adjourned the hearing to 15 November.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021|title=Suvendu Adhikari moves SC, seeks transfer of Nandigram poll plea|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-moves-sc-seeks-transfer-of-nandigram-poll-plea/videoshow/85273478.cms|access-date=15 September 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2021|title=Court Adjourns Hearing On Mamata Banerjee's Plea Against Nandigram Poll Result Till November 15|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/calcutta-high-court-adjourns-hearing-on-mamata-banerjees-plea-against-nandigram-poll-result-till-november-15-2509242|access-date=15 September 2021|website=NDTV}}</ref> On that date, Adhikari filed a petition in the Calcutta High Court seeking adjournment of the case. The High Court asked him to file a written statement explaining the reason for his no-confidence in the High Court by 29 November and it was decided that the next hearing would be held on 1 December.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 November 2021|title=Nandigram election: Calcutta HC grants Suvendu Adhikari time to file written statement|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/nandigram-election-calcutta-hc-grants-suvendu-adhikari-time-to-file-written-statement-1051107.html|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 November 2021|title=Calcutta HC Seeks Response From Suvendu Adhikari By Nov 29 In Mamata Banerjee's Election Petition Against Nandigram Results, Next Hearing On Dec 1|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/calcutta-hc-seeks-response-from-suvendu-adhikari-by-nov-29-in-mamata-banerjees-election-petition-against-nandigram-results-next-hearing-on-dec-1-185597|work=LiveLaw.in|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

== Reactions and analysis ==
For the first time since the creation of the [[West Bengal|state]] through [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|division of Bengal Presidency]], the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] does not have any members from the INC or Left Front, who dominated and shaped the [[Politics of West Bengal|politics of the state]] until 1998 when the TMC was founded and overtook the INC as the main opposition party in the state.

Opinion polls and exit polls predicted a tight race between the TMC and BJP, and that TMC would win around 150 seats, BJP 140, with the remaining for Morcha. TMC won over 200 seats, while BJP overall performed poorly.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2021|title=Bengal verdict: 25 charts show how the Trinamool conclusively beat the BJP|url=https://scroll.in/article/994085/bengal-verdict-25-charts-show-how-the-trinamool-conclusively-beat-the-bjp|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> Although it was the best ever performance of the state BJP in terms of both seats (before 2016, it never had more than one seat in the state Legislative assembly) and voteshare (at the height of the [[Ayodhya dispute|Ram mandir agitation]], BJP managed to win 11.34% of votes in the [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991 election]]), it wasn't as phenomenal as it was in 2019.

BJP's vote share fell from 40% in the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 elections]] to 38%. Reasons given were:
*By fielding candidates who switched from TMC to BJP after the results of the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 general elections]] or months before the elections began, the party leadership angered the party cadres at grassroots level who have been associated with the party since the [[2014 Indian general election in West Bengal|2014 general elections]] and have been actively demanding that the party remove those same people from power,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/15/rss-mouthpiece-criticises-bjp-for-fielding-trinamool-turncoats-2302737.html|title=RSS mouthpiece criticises BJP for fielding Trinamool turncoats|website=The New Indian Express|date=15 May 2021 }}</ref> resulting in the defeat of 142 TMC turncoats who had been fielded by BJP as candidates in this election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theprint.in/politics/trinamool-turncoats-fail-bjp-in-bengal-polls-suvendu-mukul-roy-the-few-face-savers/650790/%3famp|title=Trinamool turncoats fail BJP in Bengal polls, Suvendu & Mukul Roy the few face savers|website=The Print}}</ref> The defeat of sitting TMC MLA [[Rabindranath Bhattacharjee]], who had joined BJP on 8 March was significant because he lost in [[Singur Assembly constituency|Singur]], where people had started considering the [[Tata Nano Singur controversy|2006 anti-land acquisition movement]] led by Mamata Banerjee to be a historic blunder<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/mamata-banerjee-singur-nandigram-lalgarh/amp|title=How Equations Have Changed in 3 Places That Had Brought Mamata Banerjee to Power|website=The Wire}}</ref> due to a lack of jobs in the region and had voted for BJP in the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 elections]] in the hopes of industrialisation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Apr/09/bengal-polls-13-years-after-tatas-ouster-singur-seeks-industrialisation-2287897.html|title=Bengal polls: 13 years after Tata's ouster, Singur seeks industrialisation|website=The New Indian Express|date=6 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/bjp-tmc-singur-rabindranath-bhattacharya-bhattacharjee-workers-protest-seat-allocation-1779258-2021-03-14|title=BJP workers oppose party's decision to field former TMC MLA from Singur, say he targeted cadre|website=India Today|date=14 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/west-bengal-assembly-polls-bjp-workers-at-singur-oppose-partys-decision-to-field-former-tmc-mla-rabindranath-bhattacharya|title=West Bengal Assembly polls: BJP workers at Singur oppose party's decision to field former TMC MLA Rabindranath Bhattacharya|website=freepressjournal.com}}</ref> Similarly [[Rajib Banerjee]], who won the [[Domjur Assembly constituency|Domjur seat]] by receiving more than 100,000 votes in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly election]], lost by a margin of more than 42,000 votes because he was unable to consolidate the support of the local cadres from either TMC or BJP towards himself.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/only-5-of-34-bjp-candidate-won-who-changed-thier-party-just-before-assembly-electtion-dgtl/cid/1280699|title=মোট ৩৪ দলবদলুর মধ্যে জয়ী মাত্র পাঁচ! বিধানসভা ভোট শিক্ষা দিয়ে গেল রাজনীতিকে|website=Anandabazar Patrika|language=bn|date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
*Derogatory comments made towards Mamata Banerjee by BJP leaders, notably Modi taunting her by calling her out as ''Didi, O Didi'' from political rallies in [[Howrah]] and [[Barasat]], Adhikari referring to her as ''Begum'' and Ghosh calling her out as ''haramjada'' ('[[harem]]-born child' in [[Bengali language|Bangla]]{{efn|Unlike in the Middle East, 'harem' in the [[Indian subcontinent]] referred to the inner apartments of a Muslim household exclusively reserved for concubines, while the same for legitimately-wedded wives is called as [[zenana]]}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Ghosh hurls abuses at Mamata, says those against 'Jai Shri Ram' slogan will be forced into BJP |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/dec/04/dilip-ghosh-hurls-abuses-at-mamata-says-those-against-jai-shri-ram-slogan-will-be-forced-into-bjp-2231837.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=The New Indian Express|date=4 December 2020 }}</ref> and his derogatory comments on Mamata Banerjee's injury,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/columns/t-j-s-george/2021/May/09/dear-bjp-didi-o-didi-has-reverse-effects-too-2300106.html|title=Dear BJP, 'Didi-o-didi' has reverse effects too|website=The New Indian express|date=May 2021 }}</ref> eight months after [[2020 Hathras gang rape and murder|a Dalit woman was gangraped and strangled to death by four upper-caste men in Uttar Pradesh]] and BJP leaders there openly supported of the perpetrators were not viewed positively by Bengali women, who saw the BJP leaders trying to import the culture of [[misogyny]] and [[toxic masculinity]] generally associated with the [[Hindi belt]].<ref name="plot">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoFt4o6kC4k|title=How BJP Lost the Plot in Bengal|via=YouTube|date=5 May 2021}}</ref> A large number of Bengali women (constituting 49% of the electorate) did not vote for BJP in spite of electoral promises like making education of females in the state free of cost from kindergarten to post-graduate level.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/special-focus-on-women-s-safety-education-in-bjp-manifesto-for-west-bengal-polls-101616337298088.html|title=Special focus on women's safety, education in BJP manifesto for West Bengal polls|website=hindustantimes.com|date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
*Attempts made by BJP leaders to convert the tribal population into Hinduism{{efn|According to the definition of a [[Hindu people|Hindu]], as espoused by Hindutva ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], the BJP regards the [[Adivasi]] people as part of the Hindu society, and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] has always tried to make the Adivasis abandon their indigenous [[folk religion]] in favour of mainstream Hinduism in order to facilitate their integration into Hindu society, however certain Adivasi groups have resisted these attempts and have demanded [[Sarnaism|their religion]] to be recognised as a separate religion}} were widely unpopular, especially in the tribal-dominated [[Medinipur division]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bengal-polls-why-did-the-tribal-population-of-jangalmahal-ditch-the-bjp-3704489.html|title=Bengal Polls: Why Did the Tribal Population of Jangalmahal Ditch the BJP?|website=The New Indian Express|date=3 May 2021}}</ref> As a result, tribal votes were divided between BJP and TMC as TMC regained back the support of tribal communities in the Jhargram, [[Paschim Medinipur]] and Malda districts while BJP continued to retain its tribal votes in [[Purulia district|Purulia]], [[Bankura district|Bankura]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] and [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]].
* An increase in petrol, diesel and LPG prices along with spike in cases related to the COVID-19 pandemic during the elections and BJP's response to it, most notably state BJP president Dilip Ghosh advocating consumption of cow urine (considered sacred to Hindu society due to [[Cattle in religion and mythology|sacredness of the cow in Hinduism]]) over vaccination,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/drink-cow-urine-to-fight-virus-bengal-bjp-chief/article32119516.ece|title=Drink cow urine to fight virus: Bengal BJP chief|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 July 2020|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref> advocating extraction of gold allegedly found in the milk of [[zebu]] cattle native to the region as a means to overcome [[COVID-19 recession|economic recession caused by the pandemic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/dilip-ghosh-bjp-leader-says-desi-cow-milk-contains-gold-starts-laughing-riot-online-6104086/lite/|title=BJP leader claims Indian cow's milk contains gold, sparks laugh riot on social media|website=www.indianexpress.com|date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> and promoting [[anti-intellectualism]] by labelling those intellectuals who criticised his promotion of [[pseudo-science]] as '[[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hinduphobhic]]', 'alcohol-addicts' and '[[dog meat]] eaters' ([[Ethnic relations in India|a racial slur used in India]] by Hindus against the [[Han Chinese]] and non-Hindu [[hill tribes of Northeast India]]) made the party unpopular to the Bengali middle-class.<ref name="whydidbjplose">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/why-did-bjp-lose-bengal-elections-2021-1798260-2021-05-03|title=Why did the BJP lose Bengal 2021?|website=India Today|date=3 May 2021 }}</ref>
*To compensate for the lack of organisational strength in the state and prevent outbreak of factionalism in the state unit between those who have connections with the RSS and have been associated with the party since the days of the [[Ayodhya dispute|Ram-mandir agitation]] and those who defected from other parties and have no RSS background, BJP depended heavily on non-Bengali leaders from the Hindi belt to campaign for the party. 52 Union Cabinet ministers and 17 senior BJP leaders, which included [[Yogi Adityanath]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/up-cm-yogi-adityanath-heads-to-west-bengal-to-campaign-for-bjp-ahead-of-assembly-polls-955216.html|title=UP CM Yogi Adityanath heads to West Bengal to campaign for BJP ahead of Assembly polls|website=Deccan Herald|date=25 February 2021}}</ref> [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/madhya-pradesh-cm-shivraj-singh-chouhan-attack-on-mamata-banerjee-1774075-2021-02-28|title=Come May 2, Didi will be gone: MP CM Shivraj blasts Mamata Banerjee on her home turf|website=India Today|date=28 February 2021 }}</ref> [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]], [[Prahlad Patel]], [[Sanjeev Balyan]], [[Arjun Munda]], [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]], [[Keshav Prasad Maurya]], [[Narottam Mishra]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-ropes-in-cabinet-ministers-to-win-west-bengal/articleshow/79815106.cms|title=BJP ropes in cabinet ministers to win West Bengal|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=19 December 2020 }}</ref> [[Smriti Irani]], [[Rajnath Singh]], [[Dharmendra Pradhan]], BJP party president [[J. P. Nadda]], and secretary-in-charge of the state unit [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]] were sent to campaign in the state. Modi held 23 rallies, while [[Amit Shah]] held 79 in the state. The over-dependence of Hindi-speaking leaders who did not speak [[Bengali language|Bangla]] created a communication gap between the party and the electorate, who viewed their [[Culture of West Bengal|Bengali identity]] to be losing ground in the state to the aggressive promotion of [[North Indian culture|culture from the Hindi belt]] by the BJP in the name of promoting Hindu unity.<ref name="whydidbjplose" />
*Although the [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua community]] continued to vote in favour of BJP, they did not vote in unison as they did in the 2019 elections. Fears centering around the [[National Register of Citizens]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/elections/bengal-polls-in-matua-bastion-some-voters-in-dilemma-about-caa-7283804/lite/|title=Bengal polls: In Matua bastion, some voters in dilemma about CAA|website=The Indian Express|date=22 April 2021}}</ref> frustration due to delay in implementation of the CAA, and Mamata Banerjee's attempts to regain back the support of the Matua community by allotting money for community-specific development of [[Namasudra]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-govt-grants-land-rights-to-refugee-families-6947707/|title=BJP reaches out to Matuas, tribals; Mamata showers them with sops|website=The Indian Express|date=5 November 2020}}</ref> and declaring the birthday of [[Harichand Thakur]], founder of the Matua movement, as a state government holiday led to the division of Matua votes between the BJP and TMC to some extent,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-results-2021-tmc-were-successful-is-getting-votes-of-matua-community/cid/1279078|title=মতুয়া ভোট টেনেও কিছু আসনে পর্যুদস্ত ঘাসফুল|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref> which affected the party in [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[North 24 Parganas]] districts as BJP won 28 [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua]]-dominated seats and TMC retained 21 Matua-dominated seats.

The TMC increased its vote share from 43% in [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 elections]] to 48% in the election. Reasons given were:
*After the debacle in the 2019 elections, Mamata Banerjee ordered her party to return the "cut-money" (money collected by extorting and accepting bribes from common people, in order to "allow" them to access government facilities)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/desperate-mamata-damage-control-mode-asks-leaders-return-cut-money|title=Desperate Mamata in damage control mode, asks leaders to return 'cut money'|website=Sunday Guardian|date=22 June 2019}}</ref> in an attempt to distance herself from corruption perpetrated by her cadres and maintain her clean image.
*To tone down the allegations of Muslim appeasement made against her, Mamata Banerjee declared an allowance for [[Hindu]] priests,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/mamata-gives-big-push-to-hindi-hindu-bjp-calls-cm-scared-trinamool-says-its-unity/502722/%3famp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310072041/https://theprint.in/politics/mamata-gives-big-push-to-hindi-hindu-bjp-calls-cm-scared-trinamool-says-its-unity/502722/?amp|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 March 2021|title=Mamata gives big push to Hindi & Hindu, BJP calls CM 'scared', Trinamool says it's 'unity'|website=The Print}}</ref> providing 50,000 INR to each [[Durga Puja]] committee in the state,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kolkata/2020/Sep/24/mamata-announces-grant-of-rs-50000-to-each-durga-puja-committee-of-bengal-2201415.html|title=Mamata Banerjee showers Durga Puja bonanza, BJP seethes|website=newindianexpress.com|date=4 September 2020 }}</ref> emphasising on her [[Bengali Brahmin]] background and reciting ''shlokas'' from the ''[[Devi Mahatmya]]'' in political rallies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/mamata-banerjee-chants-mantras-chandipath-nandigram-rally-warns-bjp-hindu-card-1777307-2021-03-09|title=I am a Hindu girl: Mamata recites Chandipath at Nandigram day before filing papers|website=India Today|date=9 March 2021 }}</ref>
*The ''[[Didi Ke Bolo]]'' campaign launched by [[Prashant Kishor]] helped the electorate directly communicate with Mamata Banerjee and was widely popular in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/banglar-gorbo-mamata-tmc-looks-for-people-to-resonate-with-west-bengal-cm-s-outreach-program-1652420-2020-03-04|title=Banglar Gorbo Mamata: Flutter in TMC over West Bengal CM's outreach program|website=India Today|date=4 March 2020 }}</ref> The programs aimed to rebrand the public image of Mamata Banerjee from an arrogant pro-Muslim streetfighter prone to outbursts of anger to a down-to-earth leader who represents [[Culture of West Bengal|Bengali cultural values]] on a national level.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/is-the-post-election-mamata-makeover-real-1565955774922.html|title=Is the post-election Mamata makeover real ? |website=livemint.com|date=17 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/west-bengal-news-banglar-gorbo-why-is-prashant-kishors-i-pac-rebranding-mamata-trinamool|title='Banglar Gorbo': Why is Prashant Kishor's I-PAC Rebranding Mamata?|website=The Quint|date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
*To curb the influence of party cadres acting as middlemen between common people and government schemes, Mamata Banerjee launched government programs like ''Duare Sarkar'' ({{translation|"Government at your doorstep"}})<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bengal-bid-to-keep-duare-sarkar-camps-free-of-politicians/cid/1826617|title=Bengal: Bid to keep Duare Sarkar camps free of politicians|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> and ''Paraye Paraye Somadhan'' ({{translation|"Solution at your neighbourhood"}})<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mamata-announces-new-neighbourhood-grievance-redressal-programme/story-1oGDChDce8FUxwlaAtvN7I.html|title=Mamata announces new neighbourhood grievance redressal programme|website=Hindustan Times|date=28 December 2020}}</ref> which aimed to directly deliver welfare schemes run by the [[Government of West Bengal|state government]] to the public, and were well received.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/90l-people-received-benefits-of-duare-sarkar-prog-in-29-days-wb-cm-mamata-101610295202694.html|title=90L people received benefits of 'Duare Sarkar' prog in 29 days|website=Hindustan Times|date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
*TMC countered BJP's campaign of polarisation on religious grounds based on aggressive propagation of [[Hindutva]] by labelling the BJP as a party of non-Bengalis who were importing an alien culture in the state in their attempts of achieving [[cultural homogenization]] under the name of Hindu unity and portraying Mamata Banerjee as the defendant of Bengali identity in the face of Hindutva through its official election slogan "''Bangla nijer meyekei chay''" ({{translation|"Bengal wants its own daughter"}})<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bangla-nijer-meyekei-chay-trinamool-launches-slogan-with-didi-as-cm-face/articleshow/81131631.cms|title='Bangla nijer meyekei chay': Trinamool launches slogan with Didi as CM face|website=The Times of India|date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
*Mamata Banerjee's decision to contest the elections only from Nandigram instead of her home-turf [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]] (from where she had been elected MLA twice and MP for [[Kolkata Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency|South Kolkata]] 7 times) motivated her party cadres demoralised by the rise of BJP in 2019 and the ensuing defection of many top TMC leaders, to dedicate themselves entirely in preventing the BJP from coming into power in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/politics/5-reasons-why-nandigram-is-the-biggest-battle-for-mamata-in-her-40-year-political-career/631941/|title=5 reasons why Nandigram is the biggest battle for Mamata in her 40-year political career|website=The Print|date=1 April 2021}}</ref> Modi, Shah, and an entire hoard of high-profile leaders of national politics campaigned to remove Mamata Banerjee from power with the ECI acting biasedly in favour of the BJP<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/government/election-commission-bjp-nexus-is-all-too-clear-and-bengal-is-the-latest-example|title=Election Commission-BJP Nexus Is All too Clear – and Bengal Is the Latest Example|website=The Wire}}</ref> and that she was campaigning from a wheelchair, solidified Mamata Banerjee's image in public perception as a fighter who is unwilling to give up without a fight.<ref name="plot"/> The TMC utilised this indomitable fighter spirit of her through its unofficial election anthem<ref>{{cite web|date=5 March 2021|title=Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: 'Khela Hobe' fame Debangshu Bhattacharya fails to get TMC ticket|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengal-assembly-polls-2021-khela-hobe-fame-debangshu-bhattacharya-fails-to-get-tmc-ticket-2879417|work=DNA India|access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref> "''[[Khela Hobe#Politics|Khela Hobe]]''" ({{translation|"The game is on"}}), which was later gave rise to the slogan "''Bhanga Paye Khela Hobe''" ({{translation|"The game will be played even with a fractured leg"}}).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/mamata-leads-tmcs-march-on-wheelchair-says-injured-tiger-more-dangerous/articleshow/81494922.cms|title=Mamata leads TMC's march on wheelchair, says injured tigress is more dangerous|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
*Welfare schemes implemented by Mamata Banerjee like ''[[Kanyashree Prakalpa|Kanyashree]]'' were already popular among the masses. They were combined by other populist schemes in the list of electoral promises, most notably ''Lakshmir Bhandar'' (basic income support for unemployed women).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/trinamool-congress-manifesto-mamata-banerjee-details-1780379-2021-03-17|title=Mamata releases TMC's poll manifesto, promises 5 lakh jobs a year, free door-to-door ration delivery|website=India Today|date=17 March 2021 }}</ref>
*BJP's endorsement of the killing of Muslims in the Sitalkuchi firing incident left the [[Bengali Muslim]] community of the state (who constitute 30% of the electorate) fearful for their existence and security in the scenario of a BJP-ruled West Bengal, and they voted unitedly for the TMC in the election, especially in the Muslim-majority [[Malda division]], where the Muslim votes until then was traditionally divided between the INC and CPI(M).<ref name="plot"/>

The combined vote share of INC and Left Front fell from 11% in the 2019 general elections to 8% in this elections. Reasons given were:
*Confusion regarding the party's policy was an important factor. Central INC leaders like [[Rahul Gandhi]] refrained from campaigning against Mamata Banerjee as the party enjoyed cooperation with the TMC at a national level, but at the state level PCC chief [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]] refused to cooperate with TMC, and INC leaders found it difficult to justify their alliance with the Left Front in West Bengal while opposing the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Front in Kerala]] at the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|same time]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/politics/this-is-why-rahul-gandhi-priyanka-vadra-top-congress-leaders-are-yet-to-campaign-in-bengal/631380/|title=This is why Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Vadra & top Congress leaders are yet to campaign in Bengal|website=The Print|date=31 March 2021}}</ref> The Left Front was divided over whether to consider BJP to be a greater threat than the TMC, and decided to focus more on opposing TMC than the BJP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/cpm-admits-lacunae-in-anti-bjp-campaign/cid/1288218|title=বিজেপি-বিরোধিতায় ঘাটতি ছিল, রিপোর্টে মানল সিপিএম|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref> This strategy backfired on the Left Front as the TMC portrayed itself as the party that could withstand BJP in the state, and the Left Front was viewed as a "vote-cutter"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/fL8Td65H8osANivKXqtkqO/Small-candidates-and-votecutting-in-Indian-elections.html%3ffacet=amp|title=Small candidates and 'vote-cutting' in Indian elections|website=livemint.com}}</ref> that divided the anti-BJP votes to BJP's advantage. A group of voters who had voted for the Left Front in the 2019 general elections, under influence of the non-partisan ''No Vote to BJP'' campaign<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/people-accepted-cm-mamata-banerjee-as-anti-bjp-face-cpim-leaders-mention-in-state-conference-2022_424459.html|title = CPIM State Conference 2022: বিজেপিবিরোধী মুখ হিসাবে মানুষের মনে মমতা! 'নো ভোট টু BJP' স্লোগান ঘিরে CPIM-এর অন্দরেই প্রশ্ন|date = 15 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/who-is-the-main-enemy-faction-in-cpi-m-cpi-ml-liberation-31614683100323.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422140323/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/who-is-the-main-enemy-faction-in-cpi-m-cpi-ml-liberation-31614683100323.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 April 2021|title = '‌তৃণমূল'‌ না '‌বিজেপি'‌ আসল শত্রু কে? সিপিএম–সিপিএমএলের মধ্যে ফাটল‌|date = 2 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="nationalheraldindia.com"/><ref name="indianexpress.com"/><ref name="202initiatives" /><ref name="why"/> voted for the TMC to prevent BJP from coming into power.
* To attract the anti-TMC and anti-BJP votes towards itself, the [[Sanyukta Morcha]] tried to portray BJP and TMC to be the same on the grounds that both parties harboured corrupt leaders and engaged in identity politics. The INC's official election slogan was "''Aar kono bhul na, aar kono phul na''" ("No More Mistakes, No More Flowers", referring to the election symbols of BJP and TMC). The Left Front also criticised both the parties in social media under the term ''Bijemool'' ([[portmanteau]] of the words ''BJP'' and ''Trinamool''). This didn't catch on with the electorate, who saw BJP as a Hindu [[right-wing]] party and TMC as a [[center-left]] party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/bijemul-a-wrong-term-admits-cpm-state-secretary/cid/1291496|title=ভোট-প্রচারে 'বিজেমূল' স্লোগান ব্যবহার ভুল ছিল, সরাসরি কবুল সূর্যকান্তের|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref>
*In spite of fielding [[Hindu]] candidates in the seats it had been allotted, public perception about ISF remained to be of a party by and for Muslims led by a hardliner cleric, [[Abbas Siddiqui]], who had compared actress and TMC MP [[Nusrat Jahan]] to a prostitute in one of his apolitical ''jalsas'' in the past,<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzCLAFzLJD8|title=Who is Abbas Siddiqui and Why is Congress Divided Over Alliance With ISF in Bengal ?|via=YouTube|date=3 March 2021}}</ref> and the alliance between them and ''Peerzada'' of [[Furfura Sharif]] was met with unease within the INC.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/g-23-leader-slams-congress-tie-up-with-isf/articleshow/81284200.cms|title='G-23' leader slams Congress tie-up with ISF|website=The Times of India|date=2 March 2021 }}</ref> The alliance with ISF wasn't appreciated by the Left Front workers at the grassroots level, who saw it as a violation of the [[Marxism and religion|Communist viewpoint of religion]] being the ''[[opium of the people|opium of the masses]]''.
*The inability of aged leaders at the top of Left Front to adapt to changed conditions in state politics and lack of youth representation in the top decision-making bodies has also been cited as a reason.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/west-bengal-cpim-elections/amp|title=Is This the End of the Road for the CPI(M) in Bengal?|website=The Wire}}</ref>
*In spite of mobilising huge amounts of crowds in the first rally of the Sanyukta Morcha at the Brigade Parade grounds before the elections began,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/in-left-congress-brigade-ground-rally-isf-emerged-as-the-biggest-mobiliser/amp|title=West Bengal: In Left-Congress Brigade Ground Rally, ISF Emerged as the Biggest Mobiliser|website=The Wire}}</ref> ISF failed to divide the Muslim votes between itself and TMC in [[Presidency division]] and [[Burdwan division]] as expected from it<ref name="youtube.com"/> in the aftermath of the Sitalkuchi shooting incident. The victory ISF's lone winning candidate (Abbas's brother Nowshad Siddiqui) in [[Bhangar Assembly constituency|Bhangar]] has been credited to [[Arabul Islam]]'s dissatisfaction for not being fielded as the candidate and the resulting non-cooperation with the district TMC leadership.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/24-parganas/opposition-of-arabul-islam-is-blaming-him-for-deafeat-of-tmc-in-bhangar/cid/1293589|title=ভাঙড়ে হারের জন্য আরাবুলকে দোষারোপ দলের একাংশের|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref>

Veteran BJP leader [[Tathagata Roy]] lashed out at the party leadership on [[Twitter]] for viewing the ground conditions in the state through what he called KDSA (i.e. [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]], Dilip Ghosh, Shiv Prakash and Arvind Menon)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tathagata-hits-out-at-kdsa-for-poll-debacle/articleshow/82443519.cms|title='Incoming garbage got tickets': Ex-governor Tathagata Roy slams BJP netas for Bengal rout|website=The Times of India|date=7 May 2021 }}</ref> and questioned the party's decision to field ''Nogorer noti''s ({{translation|"City prostitutes"}}), referring to actresses [[Payel Sarkar]], [[Tanushree Chakraborty]] and [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], who were seen in a boat ride with TMC leader [[Madan Mitra]] in the past.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/west-bengal-election-2021-bjp-leader-tathagata-roy-criticise-central-leaders-regarding-some-star-candidates-dgtl/cid/1279273|title='নগরের নটী' পায়েল, তনুশ্রীরা কেন প্রার্থী, বিজেপি-র 'প্রভু'দের প্রকাশ্য তোপ তথাগতর|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref> He also specifically blamed Dilip Ghosh's many controversial remarks, most notably his misogynistic comments against [[Durga|Goddess Durga]], the most widely revered Hindu deity in [[Bengali Hindu]] society in his attempt to glorify [[Rama|Lord Rama]], the most widely revered Hindu deity in North Indian Hindu society{{efn|worship of Rama is not much popular in Bengal, due to the influence of [[Radha Krishna]]-centric [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]] centred around Durga & [[Kali]] and [[Shiva]]-centric [[Nath]] ideology}} and the ideological poster-boy of the RSS-BJP alongside [[Hanuman]] since the days of the ''Ram-mandir'' movement to justify the 'holier-than-thou' attitude of the Bengali Hindu supporters of BJP over the Bengali Hindus who don't support the BJP at a media conclave while campaigning for the elections, to be responsible for the party's poor performance. His ''Nogorer Noti'' remark drew widespread criticism online.

The average winning margin of all the candidates in this election stood at 26,964 votes, while the same for AITC candidates was 31,760 votes.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 May 2021|title=West Bengal Results {{!}} Victory margins show the depth of TMC's victory|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/opinion/west-bengal-results-victory-margins-show-the-depth-of-tmcs-victory-6864111.html|website=Moneycontrol|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607102920/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/opinion/west-bengal-results-victory-margins-show-the-depth-of-tmcs-victory-6864111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This loss was stated by the media to be Modi's personal failure.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 May 2021|title=Bengal's election result is Narendra Modi's personal failure|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/05/03/bengals-election-result-is-narendra-modis-personal-failure|website=Newslaundry.com}}</ref>

In view of the popular slogan "''Khela Hobe''", Mamata Banerjee declared that her party would observe 16 August as ''Khela Hobe Divas'', which the BJP tried to link with [[Direct Action Day]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tmc-bjp-spar-over-khela-hobe-dibas-on-august-16/article35915338.ece|title=TMC, BJP spar over 'Khela Hobe Dibas' on August 16|website=The Hindu|date=14 August 2021|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref> She also launched a government scheme named "''Khela Hobe''" which granted 5,00,000 INR and free footballs among 25,000 sporting clubs in the state to promote sports in economically poorer sections of society.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/mamata-banerjee-dribbles-football-at-khela-hobe-programme-launch-in-kolkata-101627913128403.html|title=Mamata dribbles football at 'Khela hobe' programme launch; says slogan now popular across India|website=hindustantimes.com|date=2 August 2021}}</ref>

Countering Shah's claim that BJP would come to power in West Bengal by winning around 200 or more seats out of the 294 seats in the state legislative assembly,<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2021|title=BJP will easily win over 200 seats in West Bengal, claims Amit Shah|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-will-easily-win-over-200-seats-in-west-bengal-claims-amit-shah-101616925068510.html|access-date=2 October 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BJP Will Win Over 200 Seats in West Bengal, Says Amit Shah; Mamata Banerjee Derides His Claims|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bjp-to-win-26-of-30-seats-in-bengal-37-of-47-seats-in-assam-in-first-phase-of-polling-shah-3583565.html|access-date=2 October 2021|website=News18|date=28 March 2021|language=en}}</ref> Kishor publicly declared that he would resign from his job if BJP managed to win more than a 100 seats in this elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Will cease to exist as political strategist if BJP wins over 100 seats in Bengal: Prashant Kishor|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/will-quit-political-strategy-if-bjp-wins-100-seats-bengal-prashant-kishor-1775060-2021-03-03|access-date=2 October 2021|website=India Today|date=3 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Although he delivered his promise, Kishor declared his retirement from on being an election strategist on 2 May, citing personal reasons.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 May 2021|title='Quitting this space', declares Prashant Kishor|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quitting-this-space-declares-prashant-kishor/article34464298.ece|access-date=2 October 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2021|title=অক্ষরে অক্ষরে মিলেছে কথা, তবু রাজনীতির ময়দান ছাড়ছেন প্রশান্ত কিশোর!|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/prashant-kishor-to-quit-the-space-of-politics-akd-592417.html|access-date=2 October 2021|website=News18 Bengali|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 May 2021|title=Want to quit this, do something else: Prashant Kishor|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/time-for-me-to-take-a-break-want-to-quit-this-space-prashant-kishor-7299101/|access-date=2 October 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

=== Allegations of partial Election Commission ===
Election strategist [[Prashant Kishor]] who helped TMC in the elections, accused the Election Commission of being partial and helping the BJP saying, "I have never seen a more partial Election Commission... It did everything to help the BJP... From allowing the use of religion to scheduling the poll and bending the rules, the ECI did everything to help the BJP."<ref>{{cite news |title='Quitting this space', declares Prashant Kishor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quitting-this-space-declares-prashant-kishor/article34464298.ece |access-date=2023-05-06 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=PTI |date=2021-05-02}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
=== Violence ===
{{main|2021 Bengal post-poll violence}}
Politically motivated violence in [[West Bengal]] took place since before the 2021 West Bengal elections.

In June 2019, 2 [[Trinamool Congress]] (TMC) workers were killed in Bengal. The party had blamed [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (BJP) for it.

Indian Home Minister and BJP member [[Amit Shah]] said that more than 300 BJP members were killed due to the political violence as of December 2020 and that "investigation in those cases hasn't moved an inch".

After results were announced, [[post-poll violence]] broke out in some areas of the state. In reality it was continuation of the violence which took place across the state during the election.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2021|title=A look back at the history of Bengal's political violence|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/a-look-back-at-the-history-of-bengal-s-political-violence-101617365703925.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 May 2021|title=The Hypermasculine Post-Poll Violence That Took Over West Bengal After Elections|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2021/05/10/post-poll-violence-west-bengal-elections/|work=Feminism in India|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>

On May 2, the results had just started showing signs of Trinamool returning to power when the men arrived, going house to house, ransacking them, breaking some. By the end of the day, 40 families of a colony located on KPC Medical College grounds in Jadavpur had fled. All BJP supporters or workers say TMC threats had kept them away for two-and-a-half months .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=Post-election violence: House to house, eight times in two months, 40 families say on the run |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/west-bengal-post-election-violence-house-to-house-eight-times-in-two-months-40-families-say-on-the-run-7411038/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Government formation ===
Mamata Banerjee took an oath as the Chief Minister of West Bengal for the third time on 5 May 2021 at the Raj Bhawan in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee sworn-in as West Bengal Chief Minister for 3rd time|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mamata-banerjee-sworn-in-as-bengal-cm-for-3rd-time-takes-oath-in-bengali/articleshow/82400020.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> She expanded the cabinet on 10 May 2021 when 43 TMC leaders were sworn in as ministers.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee expands Cabinet, 43 TMC leaders sworn-in as ministers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/43-tmc-leaders-sworn-in-as-ministers-for-west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-s-cabine-101620624458524.html|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> 17 new people were in the [[Third Banerjee ministry]].<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021|title=43 TMC leaders, including 17 new faces, to be sworn in as ministers in West Bengal cabinet|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-cm-mamata-banerjee-tmc-cabinet-ministers-list-1800594-2021-05-09|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 May 2021|title=Old and new faces, representation for women and Muslims in West Bengal Cabinet|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/old-and-new-faces-representation-to-women-and-muslims-in-west-bengal-cabinet/article34524022.ece|website=The Hindu|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref>

=== Vacant seats ===

TMC candidate Kajal Sinha from [[Khardaha Assembly constituency|Khardaha]] died from [[COVID-19]] after polling but before the results of the state assembly elections were announced, in which he emerged victorious.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2021|title=COVID-positive TMC candidate Kajal Sinha dies at Kolkata hospital|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/apr/25/covid-positive-tmc-candidate-kajal-sinha-dies-at-kolkata-hospital-2294625.html|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The ECI deferred the elections to two assembly seats in West Bengal in view of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The polling had been rescheduled earlier to 16 May 2021 due to the death of two contestants from the [[Samserganj Assembly constituency|Samserganj]] and [[Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jangipur]] constituencies.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 May 2021|title=Election to two Bengal seats deferred|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/election-to-two-bengal-seats-deferred/article34474376.ece|website=The Hindu}}</ref> Mocking this decision, the TMC said "The Election Commission, though late, finally woke up. But when demands were made repeatedly to arrange the election in one day by combining 2–3 phases, then they remained silent."<ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2021|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=292859&P=1&nPID=20210504|title=জঙ্গিপুর ও সামশেরগঞ্জে ভোট পিছল|website=bartamanpatrika.com|language=bn}}</ref> Two BJP MLAs – [[Nisith Pramanik]] from [[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]] and [[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jaganath Sarkar]] from [[Santipur Assembly constituency|Shantipur]] constituencies – resigned after the election results, as they were sitting MPs from [[Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency|Cooch Behar]] and [[Ranaghat Lok Sabha constituency|Ranaghat]], respectively, and wanted to continue as MPs.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2021|title=2 Bengal BJP MPs resign as MLAs|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/2-bengal-bjp-mps-resign-as-mlas/article34542681.ece|website=The Hindu|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref> [[Jayanta Naskar]], TMC MLA of [[Gosaba Assembly constituency|Gosaba]], died from COVID-19 on 19 June after testing negative for the disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/tmc-mla-jayanta-naskar-succumbs-to-covid-19-cm-mamata-banerjee-pays-condolence/773086|title=TMC MLA Jayanta Naskar succumbs to COVID-19, CM Mamata Banerjee pays condolence|website=Times Now|date=20 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal/gosaba-tmc-mla-jayanta-naskar-passes-away-was-recovering-from-covid-19-alb-quyiyx|title=সমাপ্ত মাস দুয়েকের লড়াই, চলে গেলেন গোসাবার বিধায়ক জয়ন্ত নস্কর|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jun/19/tmc-mla-jayanta-naskar-dies-after-testing-negative-for-covid-19-2318749.html|title=TMC MLA Jayanta Naskar dies after testing negative for Covid-19|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 June 2021 }}</ref>

=== Appointments ===
Adhikari, with the support of 22 MLAs, was elected as Leader of Opposition in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] on 10 May 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021|title=Suvendu Adhikari elected as the Leader of Opposition in West Bengal Assembly|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/suvendu-adhikari-elected-as-leader-of-opposition-in-west-bengal-assembly-703684|website=India TV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021|title=Ex-TMC minister Suvendu Adhikari becomes leader of the opposition in Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/extmc-minister-suvendu-adhikari-becomes-leader-of-the-opposition-in-bengal-101620658519464.html|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

BJP MPs [[Subhash Sarkar]] from [[Bankura Lok Sabha constituency|Bankura]], [[John Barla]] from [[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduar]], [[Nisith Pramanik]] from Coochbehar, and [[Shantanu Thakur]] from [[Bangaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bangaon]] were made ministers-of-state in the Union Cabinet after the polls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dilip-ghosh-makes-u-turn-says-not-in-favour-of-division-of-bengal/articleshow/85587719.cms|title=Dilip Ghosh makes 'U' turn, says not in favour of division of Bengal|website=The Economic Times|date=24 August 2021}}</ref>

Incumbent Cabinet ministers from the state, [[Babul Supriyo]] from [[Asansol Lok Sabha constituency|Asansol]] and [[Debasree Chaudhuri]] from [[Raiganj Lok Sabha constituency|Raiganj]], resigned from their positions due to their failure in rallying the voters from their respective constituencies to vote for BJP.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/modi-inducts-four-new-ministers-from-bengal-with-2024-ls-polls-in-sight/articleshow/84210581.cms|title=Modi inducts four new ministers from Bengal, with 2024 LS polls in sight|website=The Times of India|date=8 July 2021 }}</ref> After the Cabinet reshuffle, Supriyo stated that he was quitting politics and his position as an MP, but after meeting the leaders of BJP, he decided to retain his position as an MP. He later joined TMC, stating that he wanted to remain in politics but his political participation was being restricted by BJP due to his defeat from [[Tollyganj Assembly constituency|Tollyganj]] and the party's poor performance in Asanol.<ref>{{Citation|title=What Made Ex-Union Minister Babul Supriyo Join TMC Just Days After Quitting BJP| date=18 September 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo8HEP-Ha4g|language=en|access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]] was promoted from the president of state TMC's youth wing to all-India general secretary.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 June 2021|title=Mamata nephew Abhishek Banerjee appointed TMC's national general secretary|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mamata-nephew-and-mp-abhishek-banerjee-appointed-national-general-secretary-of-tmc-7345461/|access-date=4 October 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

Long time RSS activist and [[Balurghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balurghat]] MP [[Sukanta Majumdar]] succeeded Dilip Ghosh as the president of the state BJP unit, while Ghosh was made one of the national vice-presidents of the party.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 September 2021|title=Why BJP Removed Dilip Ghosh as Bengal Unit President Before the End of His Tenure|url=https://thewire.in/politics/bjp-remove-dilip-ghosh-west-bengal-unit-president-sukanta-majumdar|access-date=4 October 2021|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref>

=== Defections ===
The Union Home Ministry decided to provide Y+ category security to Sisir Adhikari and his son [[Dibyendu Adhikari]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021|title=Dibyendu Adhikari to meet BJP top brass in Delhi, decide on leaving TMC|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/dibyendu-adhikari-to-meet-bjp-top-brass-in-delhi-decide-on-leaving-tmc20210318225023|work=ANI|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 March 2021|title="Received Invitation From BJP, Yet To Make A Decision": Dibyendu Adhikari|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/received-invitation-from-bjp-but-yet-to-take-a-decision-says-tmc-mp-dibyendu-adhikari-2393949|work=NDTV|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2021|title=BJP Leader Suvendu Adhikari's Father Sisir, Brother Dibyendu to Get Y+ Security|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/suvendu-adhikar-sisir-adhikari-dibyendu-adhikari-y-security-bjp-west-bengal-3765206.html|work=News18|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Bardhaman Purba Lok Sabha constituency|East Bardhaman]] MP [[Sunil Kumar Mandal|Sunil Mondal]], who had earlier defected from TMC to BJP alongside Adhikari in 2020,<ref name=1751135.>{{cite web |date=19 December 2020|title=Suvendu Adhikari ends all speculation, joins BJP, delivers jolt to Mamata and TMC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/suvendu-adhikari-joins-bjp-in-presence-of-amit-shah-1751135-2020-12-19|work=India Today}}</ref> declared in August that he was "always with the TMC".<ref>{{cite web |date=2 August 2021|title=I am always with TMC: BJP MP Sunil Mondal says 'Suvendu Adhikari had misled me'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/i-am-always-with-tmc-bjp-mp-sunil-mondal-says-suvendu-adhikari-had-misled-me|work=The Free Press Journal|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref>

Adhikari demanded that the speaker [[Biman Banerjee]] dismiss [[Mukul Roy]] from the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] according to the [[Anti-defection law (India)|anti-defection law]], but TMC stated if Adhikari's father [[Sisir Adhikari]] can remain the MP from [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency|Kanthi]] even after switching from TMC to BJP in early 2021, then Roy should be allowed to as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/suvendu-to-take-legal-route-if-mukul-roy-doesnt-resign-as-bjp-mla-tmc-asks-about-his-mp-father-3847094.html|title=Suvendu Vows Legal Route if Mukul Roy Fails to Resign as BJP MLA by June 15, TMC Asks About His MP Dad|website=news18.com|date=14 June 2021}}</ref>

Four other MLAs – Soumen Roy from [[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-news-updates-september-04-2021-101630711936133.html|title=BJP MLA from West Bengal's Kaliaganj joins TMC|website=hindustantimes.com|date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Biswajit Das from [[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagda]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-bjp-mla-biswajit-das-joins-tmc-kolkata-7480197|title=Bengal BJP MLA Biswajit Das rejoins TMC, third leader to return after Mamata Banerjee's win|website=indianexpress.com|date=31 August 2021}}</ref> Tanmoy Ghosh from [[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Bishnupur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mla-tanmoy-ghosh-joins-trinamool-congress/article36179312.ece|title=BJP MLA Tanmoy Ghosh joins Trinamool Congress|website=The Hindu|date=30 August 2021}}</ref> and [[Krishna Kalyani]] from [[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bengal-bjp-mla-raiganj-krishna-kalyani-resigns-from-party-1859557-2021-10-01|title=Bengal BJP MLA from Raiganj Krishna Kalyani resigns from party|website=indiatoday.com|date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2021|title=BJP MLA Krishna Kalyani joins TMC, fifth legislator to switch over|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/bjp-mla-krishna-kalyani-joins-tmc-fifth-legislator-to-switch-over-1044704.html|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2021|title=Raiganj MLA joins Trinamool Congress|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/bjp-mla-krishna-kalyani-joins-tmc-fifth-legislator-to-switch-over/article37189821.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2021|title=West Bengal MLA Krishna Kalyani joins TMC weeks after quitting BJP|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1008774/west-bengal-mla-krishna-kalyani-joins-tmc-weeks-after-quitting-bjp|work=Scroll.in|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> switched from BJP to TMC following Roy without being disqualified from their membership.
All-India president of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]'s women's wing and its national spokesperson and former [[Silchar Lok Sabha constituency|Silchar]] MP [[Sushmita Dev]] joined TMC,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushmita-dev-former-congress-mp-joins-trinamool-as-mamata-expands-base-101629105024017.html|title=Sushmita Dev, former Congress MP, joins Trinamool as Mamata expands base|website=hindustantimes.com|date=16 August 2021}}</ref> and was followed by [[Luizinho Faleiro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-goa-cm-luizinho-faleiro-joins-tmc/articleshow/86612967.cms|title=Former Goa CM Luizinho Faleiro Joins TMC|website=The Times of India|date=29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ex-goa-cm-luizinho-faleiro-joins-tmc-in-presence-of-trinamool-mp-abhishek-banerjee-1858739-2021-09-29|title=Ex-Goa CM Luizinho Faleiro joins TMC in presence of Abhishek Banerjee|website=India Today|date=29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/setback-for-congress-former-goa-cm-luizinho-faleiro-joins-tmc-11632913885564.html|title=Setback for Congress, former Goa CM Luizinho Faleiro joins TMC|website=livemint.com|date=29 September 2021}}</ref>

After joining TMC,<ref>{{cite web |date=18 September 2021|title=MP Babul Supriyo quits BJP, joins Trinamool|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-mp-babul-supriyo-joins-tmc/article36531909.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 September 2021|title=2 months after he was dropped at Centre, BJP MP Babul Supriyo joins TMC|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/babul-supriyo-bjp-joins-trinamool-congress-7517517/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref> Supriyo resigned as MP on 19 October.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 October 2021|title=Babul Supriyo formally resigns as MP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/babul-supriyo-formally-resigns-as-mp/articleshow/87131733.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2021|title=Babul Supriyo Resignation: আনুষ্ঠানিক বিচ্ছেদ সাঙ্গ, শেষমেশ 'হৃদয়ের' কাছে 'প্রাক্তন' হলেন বাবুল সুপ্রিয়!|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-union-minister-and-tmc-leader-babul-supriyos-resignation-as-a-member-of-parliament-has-been-accepted-by-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-sb-680812.html|work=News18 Bangla|language=bn|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>

==2021 by-polls==
{{main|2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections}}
The ECI deferred the elections in Samserganj and Jangipur constituencies due to the death of two candidates.<ref name=":4" />

AITC MLA [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]] from Bhabanipur resigned after the election to allow Mamata Banerjee to contest a by-election in the constituency.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 May 2021|title=WB CM Mamata Banerjee To Contest By-Election From Bhawanipore After TMC MLA's Resignation|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/mamata-banerjee-fight-bhawanipore-election-tmc-sovandeb-chattopadhyay-resignation-position-of-mla-1459420|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2021|website=news.abplive.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521232801/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/mamata-banerjee-fight-bhawanipore-election-tmc-sovandeb-chattopadhyay-resignation-position-of-mla-1459420 |archive-date=21 May 2021 }}</ref>

In the beginning of September, the ECI announced that general elections for Jangipur and Samserganj assembly seats and by-election for Bhabanipur seat would be held on 30 September and votes would be counted on 3 October. The time limit for filing nominations was set from 6 September until 13 September for Bhabanipur only.<ref name=adjourned_poll>{{cite web |date=4 September 2021|title=Schedule to fill casual vacancy and adjourned poll in the Assembly Constituencies – regarding|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13681-schedule-to-fill-casual-vacancy-and-adjourned-poll-in-the-assembly-constituencies-regarding/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="bypoll" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 September 2021|title=EC announces bypoll for Bhabanipur Assembly constituency in Bengal|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/election-commission-announces-bypoll-for-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency/article36286426.ece|access-date=4 September 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Mamata Banerjee filed hers on 10 September.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 September 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee files nomination for upcoming by-election in Bhabanipur Assembly constituency|url=https://newsonair.com/2021/09/10/mamata-banerjee-files-nomination-for-upcoming-by-election-in-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency/|access-date=15 September 2021|website=NewsOnAir}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 September 2021|title=West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee files papers for crucial bypoll, BJP pits gritty lawyer against her|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-assembly-bypolls-bjps-priyanka-tibriwal-to-contest-from-bhabanipur-against-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/86089326.cms|access-date=15 September 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref> A total of 12 candidates contested in Bhabanipur by-poll.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2021|title=Yoga trainer, pickle seller among 11 to take on Mamata in bypoll|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/yoga-trainer-pickle-seller-among-11-to-take-on-mamata-in-bypoll/articleshow/86356796.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2021|title=Bhabanipur by election: From yoga trainer to pickle seller… know who is contesting against Mamta Banerjee from Bhawanipur seat and why?|url=https://www.indiannation.in/bhabanipur-by-election-from-yoga-trainer-to-pickle-seller-know-who-is-contesting-against-mamta-banerjee-from-bhawanipur-seat-and-why/|work=The Indian Nation|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> Kishor enrolled himself as a voter from Bhabanipur, but he did not cast his vote.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2021|title=Bengal Assembly Bypolls: Prashant Kishor Enrolled As Voter From Bhabanipur; BJP Calls Him 'Bahiragato'|url=https://www.india.com/west-bengal/bengal-assembly-bypolls-prashant-kishor-enrolled-as-voter-from-bhabanipur-bjp-calls-him-bahiragato-4982172/|website=india.com|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2021|title=Prashant Kishor enrolls himself as voter from Mamata's Bhabanipur constituency; triggers controversy|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/prashant-kishor-enrolls-himself-as-voter-from-mamatas-bhabanipur-constituency-triggers-controversy-316452|work=The Tribune|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>

A total of 52 central forces companies were deployed to the three poll-bound Assembly constituencies' booths.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 September 2021|title=BJP plea: Central forces in booths of three constituencies|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bjp-plea-central-forces-in-booths-of-three-constituencies/cid/1830648|access-date=17 September 2021|website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021|title=Assembly bypolls: 52 companies of central forces may be deployed|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/assembly-bypolls-52-companies-central-forces-may-deployed-1503007346.html|access-date=17 September 2021|website=The Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2021|title=Election Commission to deploy central forces for Bengal bypolls|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/central-forces-for-bengal-bypolls/cid/1830751|access-date=20 September 2021|website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name=the_wall>{{cite web |date=27 September 2021|title=ভবানীপুর, সামশেরগঞ্জ, জঙ্গিপুর-কোথায় কত ভোটার, থাকছে কত বাহিনী, জানুন বিস্তারিত|url=https://thewall.in/news/election-in-bengal-on-thursday-will-see-52-companies-of-central-force/|work=The Wall|language=bn|access-date=29 September 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120816/https://thewall.in/news/election-in-bengal-on-thursday-will-see-52-companies-of-central-force/|url-status=live}}</ref> Section 144 was enforced in Bhabanipur on 28 September.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2021|title=Section 144 imposed in Bengal's Bhabanipur from today till end of bypoll|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/section-144-bengal-bhabanipur-from-today-tilll-bypoll-ends-1858305-2021-09-28|work=India Today|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2021|title=Bhabanipur bypolls: Section 144 imposed in 200-metre radius of polling stations till voting ends on September 30|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/bhabanipur-bypolls-section-144-imposed-in-200-metre-radius-of-polling-stations-till-voting-ends-on-september-30|work=The Free Press Journal|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> On the eve of polling, the Commission deployed an additional 20 companies of central forces in Bhabanipur.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2021|title=Security beefed up for Bhabanipur bypoll, 20 additional CAPF companies to be deployed|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bhabanipur-bypoll-20-additional-companies-of-capf-to-be-deployed-1858790-2021-09-29|work=India Today|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2021|title=Unprecedented Security Arrangements Made For Bhabanipur Bypoll|url=https://ommcomnews.com/india-news/unprecedented-security-arrangements-made-for-bhabanipur-bypoll|work=Ommcom News|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2021|title=Bhabanipur Bypolls Tomorrow: More Than 20 Additional Companies Of CAPF Deployed {{!}} Details Here|url=https://www.india.com/west-bengal/bhabanipur-bypolls-tomorrow-more-than-20-additional-companies-of-capf-deployed-details-here-4992622/|website=india.com|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>

On 28 September, the ECI announced that remaining by-polls would be held on 30 October and votes counted on 2 November.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2021|title=Schedule for Bye-elections in Parliamentary/Assembly Constituencies of various States – reg|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13715-schedule-for-bye-elections-in-parliamentaryassembly-constituencies-of-various-states-reg/|access-date=28 September 2021|work=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2021|title=Three Lok Sabha, 30 Assembly Seats to Go for By-elections on Oct 30: Election Commission|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/three-lok-sabha-30-assembly-seats-to-go-for-by-elections-on-oct-30-ec-4257263.html|access-date=28 September 2021|work=News18}}</ref>

On 30 September the first report of violence came from Samserganj, and Congress candidate Jaidur Rahaman was accused of carrying out a bombing in this constituency.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2021|title=West Bengal by-polls: Congress leader accused of bombing in Samserganj area, TMC calls it 'bid to intimidate voters'|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/west-bengal-by-polls-congress-jaidur-rahman-accused-of-bombing-in-samserganj-area-tmc-calls-it-a-bid-to-intimidate-voters/videoshow/86633646.cms|access-date=30 September 2021|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> TMC activists raised "go back" slogans surrounding him while he inspected booths on polling day. Central forces were accused of kicking TMC leader Habibur Rahman, the outgoing councilor of Ward 20 of Dhulian Municipality under Samserganj Assembly.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2021|title=Samserganj Jangipur By Election: ভোটারদের মাস্ক দিতে গিয়ে কেন্দ্রীয় বাহিনীর লাথি খেলেন বিদায়ী কাউন্সিলর! বৃদ্ধ নেতার চোখ ছলছল|url=https://tv9bangla.com/west-bengal/murshidabad/central-forces-army-allegedly-kicks-a-tmc-leader-in-murshidabad-samserganj-jangipur-by-election-day-427517.html|work=TV9 Bangla|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2021|title=Jangipur and Samsherganj Poll: বৃষ্টি নিয়েই বিক্ষিপ্ত অশান্তির ভোট জঙ্গিপুর এবং শমসেরগঞ্জে, প্রতীক্ষা রবিবারের|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/jangipur-and-samsherganj-election-polling-have-completed-at-both-assembly-constituencies-of-murshidabad-district-dgtld/cid/1306504|work=Anandabazar Patrika Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> Priyanka Tibrewal, BJP candidate of Bhabanipur, was accused of violating the [[Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct|ECI's model code of conduct]] by travelling across the area with many cars and people at once.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=WB Bypolls 2021: ভোটারদের 'ভোট দিতে বাধা' দিচ্ছে BJP, দেবেন্দ্র ঘোষ রোডে বিক্ষোভে বাসিন্দারা{{!}}|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3--USp8UwNI|publisher=ABP ANANDA|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=ভবানীপুর কেন্দ্রে বুথ পরিভ্রমণে প্রিয়াঙ্কা টিব্রেওয়ালের বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1upPn6cDLIs|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> After she claimed to have caught fake voters, Firhad Hakim pointed out that as a candidate she had no right to check their identities.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=WB Bypolls 2021: 'ভুয়ো ভোটার ধরার প্রিয়ঙ্কা টিবরেওয়ালের অধিকার নেই', মন্তব্য ফিরহাদের{{!}} Bangla News|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOZY_StA7ig|publisher=ABP ANANDA|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> BJP leader Kalyan Chaubey's car was allegedly vandalised in Bhabanipur and BJP blamed TMC for the act.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=বিজেপি নেতা কল্যান চৌবের গাড়ি ভাঙচুর|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1adZ0Nxb_s|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> Police released CCTV footage of the incident, claiming it had nothing to do with politics.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=WB By Poll 2021: গাড়ি ভাঙচুরে রাজনৈতিক কোনও সম্পর্ক নেই, সিসিটিভি ফুটেজ প্রকাশ করে দাবি পুলিশের|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRK54cI6m50|publisher=ABP ANANDA|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 September 2021|title=বিজেপি নেতা কল্যান চৌবের গাড়ি ভাংচুরের সিসিটিভি ফুটেজ|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqltUKobR5s|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> BJP claimed that Chaubey was their candidate's [[election agent]] but according to Commission sources, he was the agent of a [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]] candidate. The vehicle he used to get to the polling constituency was not registered by the EC. BJP lodged a total of 23 complaints against TMC over the voting process in Bhabanipur, but the ECI dismissed all of them.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2021|title=বঙ্গের ৩ বিধানসভা আসনে ভোট: সামসেরগঞ্জের ৯ কেন্দ্রে ফের ভোটের দাবি কংগ্রেসের|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/kolkata/west-bengal-congress-demands-repoll-at-9-booths-in-samsergunj/|work=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> A total of 697,164 voters were eligible to cast their votes in the three constituencies.<ref name=bartaman_159>{{Cite news|date=30 September 2021|title=আজ ভোট মমতার {{!}} নির্বাচন জঙ্গিপুর ও সামশেরগঞ্জেও|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=321893&P=1&nPID=20210930|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=ndtv_159>{{cite web |date=30 September 2021|title=Bhabanipur Bypoll Highlights: Moderate Turnout Recorded in Bengal's Bhabanipur|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhabanipur-bypoll-live-updates-bypolls-to-bhabanipur-2-other-bengal-seats-today-2558490|work=NDTV|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=news18_056>{{cite web |title=Samserganj Election 2021: Assembly Elections News, Samserganj Constituency, Vidhan Sabha|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/samserganj-election-result-s25a056/|work=News18|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=news18_058>{{cite web |title=Jangipur Election 2021: Assembly Elections News, Jangipur Constituency, Vidhan Sabha|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/jangipur-election-result-s25a058/|work=News18|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> The voter turnout for Samserganj, Jangipur, and Bhabanipur was recorded at 79.92%, 77.63%, and 57.09% respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 October 2021|title=Bengal polls: Over 57% voting in Bhabanipur, highest in Samserganj|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/bengal-polls-over-57-voting-in-bhabanipur-highest-in-samserganj-121100100846_1.html|work=Business Standard|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 October 2021|title=West Bengal: 57% turnout at Bhowanipore bypoll, highest polling in Chetla|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/57-turnout-at-bhowanipore-bypoll-highest-polling-in-chetla/articleshow/86692000.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref>

Results were announced on 3 October, with TMC winning the three seats.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 October 2021|title=TMC bags all three seats as Mamata Banerjee wins big from Bhabanipur|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/tmc-bags-all-three-seats-as-mamata-banerjee-wins-big-from-bhabanipur-319562|work=The Tribune|access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> Mamata Banerjee won the Bhabanipur Assembly seat by a margin of 58,835 votes over the BJP candidate.<ref name=Constituencywise/><ref name=Roundwise>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/RoundwiseS25159.htm?ac=159|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003174241/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/RoundwiseS25159.htm?ac=159|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=partywise>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/partywiseresult-S25.htm?st=S25|access-date=3 October 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003174612/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultByeOct2021/partywiseresult-S25.htm?st=S25|url-status=live}}</ref> TMC led in all wards of Bhabanipur, including wards 70 and 74, where BJP led in the last assembly polls.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 October 2021|title=শোভনদেবের পিছিয়ে থাকা দুই ওয়ার্ডেই বাজিমাত মমতার|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/politics/mamata-banerjee-is-leading-at-70-and-74-no-ward-at-bhabanipur-contituency-359454/|work=The Indian Express Bangla|language=bn|access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> On the same day, TMC officially announced a list of candidates for upcoming assembly by-elections to four seats.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 October 2021|title=West Bengal Assembly by-elections: TMC announces candidates for four seats|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/west-bengal-assembly-by-elections-tmc-announces-candidates-for-four-seats-2399466.html|work=Zee News|access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref>

The Model Code of Conduct was imposed in Nadia, Cooch Behar, Khardaha, and Gosaba.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 October 2021|title=আচরণবিধি শুধু দু'টি বিধানসভা কেন্দ্রেই|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=323480&P=5&nPID=20211008|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref> The ECI initially deployed 27 companies of central forces for the remaining by-elections.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 October 2021|title=Election Commission orders 27 companies of CAPF for West Bengal bypolls|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-orders-27-companies-of-capf-for-west-bengal-bypolls-1862813-2021-10-09|work=India Today|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 October 2021|title=Bengal to get 27 companies of central forces for Oct 30 bypolls|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-to-get-27-companies-of-central-forces-for-oct-30-bypolls/articleshow/86901994.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> A week before the by-elections, an additional 53 companies entered the state.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 October 2021|title=WB by-polls: EC orders to deploy additional 53 companies of CAPF|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/wb-by-polls-ec-orders-to-deploy-additional-53-companies-of-capf20211019030516|work=ANI|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref> Later, the ECI decided to deploy a total of 92 CAPF companies.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021|title=92 CAPF companies for Bengal bypolls|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/92-capf-companies-for-bengal-bypolls/articleshow/87194117.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref>

On the last day of the Dinhata by-election campaign, Dilip Ghosh and Sukanta Majumdar met the [[deputy inspector general of police]], Shailendra Kumar Singh, at the [[Border Security Force]] sector headquarters of Sonari in Cooch Behar. This was controversial because the Chief Minister could not even hold administrative meetings with Cooch Behar district officials, as the model code of conduct was in effect. Reacting to this, Hakim said "Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs has increased the jurisdiction of BSF to 50&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-10-13|title=BSF now has uniform 50&nbsp;km jurisdiction in border states for arrest, search, seizure|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bsf-now-has-uniform-50-km-jurisdiction-in-border-states-for-arrest-search-seizure20211013150514|work=ANI|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-10-13|title=BSF now has uniform 50&nbsp;km jurisdiction to arrest, search, seize in border states|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/bsf-now-has-uniform-50-km-jurisdiction-to-arrest-search-seize-in-border-states/articleshow/87002107.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-10-19|title=Changes in BSF Law to Bring One-Third Area in West Bengal Under Central Agency|url=https://thewire.in/rights/changes-in-bsf-law-to-bring-one-third-area-in-west-bengal-under-central-agency|work=The Wire|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref> Taking advantage of this, the BJP leaders went to pull the BSF chief over to their side." TMC lodged a complaint with the ECI.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2021|title=Silip Ghosh: বিএসএফের ডিআইজির সঙ্গে বৈঠক দিলীপের, উপনির্বাচনের আগে সাক্ষাৎ নিয়ে প্রশ্ন তৃণমূলের|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/dilip-ghosh-meets-bsf-dig-at-cooch-behar-tmc-raises-allegations-dgtld/cid/1310633|work=Anandabazar|language=bn|access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 October 2021|title=দিনহাটা ভোটের মুখে বিএসএফ কর্তার কাছে দিলীপ-সুকান্ত {{!}} অভিসন্ধি নিয়ে সরব তৃণমূল|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=326653&P=1&nPID=20211028|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref> A TMC deputy went to the [[district magistrate]]'s chamber and complained that the BSF-BJP meeting had violated the model code of conduct.<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 October 2021|title=ছবি তোলায় বর্তমান-এর চিত্রসাংবাদিকের ক্যামেরা কেড়ে ডিলিট করে দিলেন ডিএম|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=13&nID=326817&P=6&nPID=20211029|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref>

On polling day, central forces were accused of intimidating voters at booth 296 in Dinhata and some other booths in Kharadaha and Gosaba.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2021|title='বিজেপির অভিযোগ ভিত্তিহীন' , মন্তব্য উদয়নের|url=https://mbharat.in/bjps-allegations-are-baseless-comments-udayan-m-bharat-news/|work=MBharat|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2021|title=WB By-Election: চার কেন্দ্রে উপনির্বাচন মোটের উপর শান্তিপূর্ণ, ভোটদানের হার সবথেকে কম খড়দহে|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-by-elections-2021-updates-from-khardaha-gosaba-santipur-dinhata-dgtl/cid/1311020|work=Anandabazar|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> In Kharadha, the central forces prevented TMC candidate Sovandeb Chattopadhyay from entering a booth, who alleged that they unfairly demanded to see [[COVID-19 vaccine card#India|double vaccination certificates]] from voters. The problem was resolved after informing the matter to the presiding officer.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 October 2021|title=কেন্দ্রীয় বাহিনীর অতি সক্রিয়তার অভিযোগে শোভনদেব চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের মন্তব্য|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njPvCt5mSyE|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 October 2021|title=মুখোমুখি শোভনদেব চট্টোপাধ্যায়|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ato1u19DgwM|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> During the election campaign, Joy Saha, BJP candidate of Khardaha, used a picture of the deceased TMC leader Kajal Sinha in his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 October 2021|title=খড়দহে প্রচারে ফিরহাদ, বিজেপি ছেড়ে তৃণমূলে যোগ ৩৫০ কর্মীর|url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=12&nID=326036&P=14&nPID=20211025|newspaper=Bartaman|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> On election day, he claimed to have caught two fake voters red-handed, which was proven false. When he claimed to have caught a fake voter and BJP supporters started harassing the man, a fight broke out between the TMC and the BJP over the incident.<ref>{{Cite AV media|date=30 October 2021|title=আজকের জেলারর সারাদিন|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xts1_OG6ShE|publisher=[[Kolkata TV|Kolkata Tv]]|via=[[YouTube]]|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> Joy Saha's personal security guards [[baton charge]]d TMC activists, injuring the Sinha's son in the process.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2021|title=Bypoll Live Updates – নিশীথের বিরুদ্ধে কমিশনে অভিযোগ তৃণমূলের, ভোটের শেষ বেলায় তন্ময়কে তোপ পার্থর|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-4-assembly-seats-bypoll-2021-live-updates-on-vote-casting-r1rorj|work=Asianet News Bangla|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2021|title=WB Bypoll: উদয়ন গুহর প্রার্থীপদ প্রত্যাহারের দাবিতে নির্বাচন কমিশনে চিঠি বিজেপির|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/bjp-asks-ec-to-withdraw-tmc-leader-udayan-guha-candidature/|work=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> Gosaba registered highest voter turnout among four constituencies.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 October 2021|title=Over 71% voter turnout in bypolls to West Bengal, recorded till 5 pm|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/west-bengal-bypolls-over-71-pc-voter-turnout-recorded-till-5-pm-121103100023_1.html|work=Business Standard|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2021|title=With more than 79% voter turnout, Gosaba records highest polling percentage|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/with-more-than-79-voter-turnout-gosaba-records-highest-polling-percentage-457545|work=Millennium Post|access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref>

The results of the four constituencies was announced on 2 November, with TMC winning all seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/statewiseS251.htm?st=S251|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102112409/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/statewiseS251.htm?st=S251|url-status=live}}</ref> TMC's Sovandeb Chattopadhyay and Subrata Mondal won Khardaha<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS25109.htm?ac=109|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102113030/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS25109.htm?ac=109|url-status=live}}</ref> and Gosaba,<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS25127.htm?ac=127|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102113714/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS25127.htm?ac=127|url-status=live}}</ref> respectively, by huge margins. [[Udayan Guha]], who lost the Dinhata seat by a margin of 57 votes during the assembly election, won the seat in the bypolls by a margin of 164,089 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS257.htm?ac=7|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102133803/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS257.htm?ac=7|url-status=live}}</ref> TMC also won the [[Santipur Assembly constituency|Santipur]] seat, where Braja Kishor Goswami<ref>{{cite web |date=3 October 2021|title=নাম ঘোষণা হতেই প্রচারে তৃণমূলের প্রার্থী ব্রজকিশোর গোস্বামী ও সুব্রত মণ্ডল, শুরু দেওয়াল লিখন|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/tmc-started-campaign-for-subrata-mandal-and-brajakishore-goswami/|work=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn|access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref> was the TMC candidate, from the BJP by a considerable margin of votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS2586.htm?ac=86|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102120141/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/RoundwiseS2586.htm?ac=86|url-status=live}}</ref>

==2021–2026 by-elections==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA
!Reason
!colspan="3"|Elected MLA
|-
| 30 September 2021
! 159
| [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
| [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
| Resigned on 21 May 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bhabanipur-mla-sovandeb-resigns-amid-buzz-over-mamata-banerjee-returning-to-her-old-seat-3761618.html|title=Bhabanipur MLA Sovandeb Resigns Amid Indications That Mamata Will Return To Her Old Seat|work=News18|accessdate=22 May 2021}}</ref>
| [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |30 October 2021
! 7
| [[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]]
| [[Nisith Pramanik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan=2|Resigned on 12 May 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-west-bengal-bjp-mps-resign-as-mlas/articleshow/82575916.cms?from=mdr|title=2 West Bengal BJP MPs resign as MLAs|work=Economic Times|date=12 May 2021 |accessdate=12 May 2021}}</ref>
| [[Udayan Guha]]
|-
!86
| [[Santipur Assembly constituency|Santipur]]
| [[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
| [[Braja Kishore Goswami]]
|-
!109
| [[Khardaha Assembly constituency|Khardaha]]
| [[Kajal Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
| Died on 25 April 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/west-bengal/covid-19-positive-tmc-candidate-kajal-sinha-dies-at-kolkata-hospital-978536.html|title=Covid-19 positive TMC candidate Kajal Sinha dies at Kolkata hospital|work=Deccan Herald|accessdate=25 April 2021}}</ref>
| [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
|-
!127
| [[Gosaba Assembly constituency|Gosaba]]
| [[Jayanta Naskar]]
| Died on 19 June 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayanta-naskar-3-time-trinamool-congress-mla-from-gosaba-dies-2467894|title=3-Time Trinamool Congress MLA Jayanta Naskar Dies|work=NDTV|accessdate=20 June 2021}}</ref>
| Subrata Mondal
|-
|12 April 2022
!161
|[[Ballygunge Assembly constituency|Ballygunge]]
|[[Subrata Mukherjee]]
|Died on 4 November 2021<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh |first1=Shiv Sahay |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bengal-minister-subrata-mukherjee-dies-at-75/article37335811.ece|title=Bengal Minister Subrata Mukherjee dies at 75|work=The Hindu|date=4 November 2021 |accessdate=5 November 2021}}</ref>
|[[Babul Supriyo]]
|-
|27 February 2023
!60
|[[Sagardighi Assembly constituency|Sagardighi]]
|[[Subrata Saha]]
|Died on 29 December 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/minister-of-state-subrata-saha-dies-at-69-8351586/|title=Minister of State Subrata Saha dies at 69|work=The Indian Express|date=30 December 2022 |accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref>
|[[Bayron Biswas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sagardighi Bypoll Election Result 2023: Congress Leads From West Bengal Assembly Seat In Setback For Mamata Banerjee's TMC |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/sagardighi-bypoll-election-result-2023-congress-leads-from-west-bengal-assembly-seat-in-setback-for-mamata-banerjees-tmc-2579022.html |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|5 September 2023
!15
|[[Dhupguri Assembly constituency|Dhupguri]]
|[[Bishnu Pada Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 25 July 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bjp-mla-from-dhupguri-bishnu-pada-ray-dies-pm-modi-mamata-condole-his-death-8860295/|title=BJP MLA from Dhupguri Bishnu Pada Ray dies, PM Modi, Mamata condole his death|work=The Indian Express|date=26 July 2023 |accessdate=26 July 2023}}</ref>
|[[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=14}}
|-
|7 May 2024
!62
|[[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]]
|[[Idris Ali (politician)|Idris Ali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 16 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=TMC MLA Idris Ali dies from illness |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/tmc-mla-idris-ali-dies-from-illness-2897354 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216060909/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/tmc-mla-idris-ali-dies-from-illness-2897354 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Reyat Hossain Sarkar]]
|-
|1 June 2024
!113
|[[Baranagar Assembly constituency|Baranagar]]
|[[Tapas Roy]]
|Resigned on 4 March 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-04 |title=Trinamool MLA Tapas Roy quits party, resigns from assembly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/veteran-trinamool-congress-leader-tapas-roy-quits-as-mla/article67912658.ece |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311094051/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/veteran-trinamool-congress-leader-tapas-roy-quits-as-mla/article67912658.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Sayantika Banerjee]]
|-
|Rowspan=4|10 July 2024
!35
|[[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]
|[[Krishna Kalyani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|Resigned on 27 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Krishna Kalyani resigns as Raiganj MLA following Lok Sabha nomination by TMC |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/krishna-kalyani-resigns-as-raiganj-mla-following-lok-sabha-nomination-by-tmc/cid/2009518 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=Telegraph India |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429054917/https://www.telegraphindia.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/krishna-kalyani-resigns-as-raiganj-mla-following-lok-sabha-nomination-by-tmc/cid/2009518 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Krishna Kalyani]]
|-
!90
|[[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Dakshin]]
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|rowspan=2|Resigned on 19 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2024|title=Bengal: Another turncoat MLA resigns, Biswajit Das to contest from Bangaon on TMC ticket|url=https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-mla-biswajit-das-resigned-his-post-23700469.html|access-date=19 April 2024|website=Jagran|language=hi|archive-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419160949/https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-mla-biswajit-das-resigned-his-post-23700469.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|-
!94
|[[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagdah]]
|[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|[[Madhuparna Thakur]]
|-
!167
|[[Maniktala Assembly constituency|Maniktala]]
|[[Sadhan Pande]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 20 February 2022<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-20|title=West Bengal Cabinet Minister Sadhan Pande passes away at 71|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-cabinet-minister-sadhan-pande-dead-7782167/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108222220/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-cabinet-minister-sadhan-pande-dead-7782167/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|The seat fell vacant due to the death of sitting MLA Sadhan Pande on 20th February 2022. However, by-polls to the seat couldn't be held even after 6 months of Pande's death (according to Indian law) because BJP candidate Kalyan Chaubey filed an [[election petition]] in the [[Calcutta High Court]] alleging irregularities in polling & demanded a recount of votes. The [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] forbids holding any polls to the seat until any election petition concerning that seat hasn't been resolved at the court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=HC rejects PIL demanding by-poll in Maniktala Assembly constituency |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/hc-rejects-pil-demanding-bypoll-in-maniktala-assembly-constituency-515610 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=MillenniumPost |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124000321/https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/hc-rejects-pil-demanding-bypoll-in-maniktala-assembly-constituency-515610 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 April 2024, Choubey withdrew his election petition from the court, making way for by-poll to the seat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-30 |title=Kalyan Chaubey withdraws poll petition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-leader-kalyan-chaubey-withdraws-petition-challenging-election-process-at-maniktala-assembly-constituency/articleshow/109707857.cms |access-date=2024-07-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713080850/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-leader-kalyan-chaubey-withdraws-petition-challenging-election-process-at-maniktala-assembly-constituency/articleshow/109707857.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|[[Supti Pandey]]
|-
|rowspan=6|13 November 2024
!6
|[[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]]
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia|Jagadish Basunia]]
|rowspan=6|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
|Colspan=1 Rowspan=1|[[Sangita Roy]]
|-
!14
|[[Madarihat Assembly constituency|Madarihat]]
|[[Manoj Tigga]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jay Prakash Toppo]]
|-
!104
|[[Naihati Assembly constituency|Naihati]]
|[[Partha Bhowmick]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}
|[[Sanat Dey]]
|-
!121
|[[Haroa Assembly constituency|Haroa]]
|[[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|[[Sheikh Rabiul Islam]]
|-
!236
|[[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
|[[June Malia]]
|[[Sujoy Hazra]]
|-
!251
|[[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]]
|[[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
|[[Falguni Singhababu]]
|-
| 19 June 2025
!80
|[[Kaliganj Assembly constituency|Kaliganj]]
|[[Nasiruddin Ahamed]]
|Died on 1 February 2025<ref>{{cite web|date=2025-02-02|title=Veteran TMC MLA Nasiruddin Ahmed dies of cardiac arrest in West Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/veteran-tmc-mla-nasiruddin-ahmed-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-in-west-bengal/articleshow/117852069.cms|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Alifa Ahmed]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[2023 West Bengal local elections]]
* [[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election]]
* [[2021 elections in India]]
* [[2016–21 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections]]
* [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |last=Halder|first=Deep|title=Bengal 2021: An Election Diary|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2021|isbn=9789354224171|location=India}}

==External links==
* [https://eci.gov.in/files/category/94-west-bengal/ West Bengal General Legislative Election] at the ''[[Election Commission of India]]''

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election| ]]
[[Category:2021 State Assembly elections in India|West Bangal]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal|2021]]
[[Category:2020s in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Mamata Banerjee]]

2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-17T09:43:20Z

MohammedMathieu:

Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (2003–2008)

2026-03-17T00:43:56Z

MohammedMathieu: Added a article

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (MDA)''' was a [[Coalition government|coalition]] of political parties that formed the [[Government of Meghalaya|Government]] in the state of [[Meghalaya]], India, after the [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003 Legislative Assembly election]]. It was headed by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), which was the party with the largest number of seats in the 7th [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]. [[List of Chief Ministers of Meghalaya|Chief Minister]] [[D. D. Lapang]] and the other ministers in the Government were all members of the MDA. D. D. Lapang also served as the Chairperson of the MDA.

==History==
Meghalaya Nationalist Congress Party was political party that existed in [[Meghalaya]], India in December 2003.<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistical Report on General Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya, 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |year=2003}}</ref> It was formed by Cyprian Sangma on 15 December, when six out of 14 [[Nationalist Congress Party]] legislators broke away. Four of the six were immediately given cabinet berths in the [[D.D. Lapang]] government. On 21 December MNCP merged with the [[Indian National Congress]].

After the 2003 elections to Legislative Assembly, INC [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)]] [[D. D. Lapang]] was elected the leader of the Congress Legislative Party (CLP).

The [[Nationalist Congress Party|Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)]] first made a bid to form the Government, but they gave up when they were unable to provide the [[Governor of Meghalaya|Governor]] [[M.M. Jacob]] with sufficient number of MLAs to prove majority in the Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2003/mar/03megh.htm |title=Meghalaya: NCP claim falls flat |work=Rediff.com |date=3 March 2003 |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>

The INC then formed the MDA along with other parties and [[Independent (politician)|independents]] opposed to the NCP and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].

The MDA pledged to work for the state's economic development and also to provide stability of the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2003/mar/03megh1.htm |title=Meghalaya: Lapang elected MDA leader |work=Rediff.com |date=4 March 2003 |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>

With 40 members in the 60 member Assembly, Governor M.M. Jacob invited the MDA to form the Government. D. D. Lapang was sworn in as Chief Minister on 4 March 2003.

==Initial support==
At the time of its formation, the MDA included the following members:
* [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]] (22 MLAs)
* [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party (UDP)]] (9 MLAs)
* [[Meghalaya Democratic Party|Meghalaya Democratic Party (MDP)]] (4 MLAs)
* [[Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement|Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM)]] (2 MLAs)
* [[Independent (politician)|Independents]] (3 MLAs)

In addition, the [[Hill State People's Democratic Party|Hill State People's Democratic Party (HPDP)]] had also expressed willingness to join the MDA, but their MLAs were not provided to the governor when the MDA staked its claim to form the Government.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=2879 |title=Lapang sworn-in as Meghalaya chief minister |website=www.asiantribune.com |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070621220721/http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=2879 |archive-date=21 June 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

D. D. Lapang (INC) served as the chairperson of the MDA while [[Donkupar Roy|Dr. Donkupar Roy]] (UDP) served as the deputy chairperson. Martle Mukhim (MDP) served as the treasurer and R. G. Lyngdoh (INC) served as the spokesperson.

==Changes in constituents==
Though the HPDP legislators were not in the initial list of legislators submitted to the governor, one of their MLAs Dr. F. A. Khonglam was sworn in as a minister on 4 March 2003. Effectively, this meant the MDA had additional support of 2 MLAs from HPDP, taking their total strength in the 60-member Assembly to 42.<ref>http://oldcontent.northeastplus.in/2232.html{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Later in 2003, one additional independent joined the MDA, taking the total number of independents supporting the MDA to 4, and the total strength of the MDA to 43.

On 16 December 2003, 6 legislators from the opposition NCP broke away from their party and formed a new party called the [[Meghalaya Nationalist Congress Party|Meghalaya Nationalist Congress Party (MNCP)]]. They then joined the MDA coalition increasing the strength of the coalition to 49. 4 of the 6 MNCP legislatures were given ministerial positions in the MDA Government.<ref>[http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03dec16/national.htm#12 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426011744/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03dec16/national.htm#12 |date=26 April 2006 }}</ref>

==Controversies==
In mid-2004, after the [[2004 Indian general election]], the NCP joined the INC-led [[United Progressive Alliance|United Progressive Alliance (UPA)]] to form the [[Government of India]]. It was believed that this decision, might result in the MDA being disbanded with an INC-NCP combination to form the new Government in Meghalaya. However, on 31 May 2004, D. D. Lapang confirmed that the regional MDA coalition would not be affected by the new alliance at the central Government.<ref>http://oldcontent.northeastplus.in/3509.html{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In mid-2006, internal conflicts with the Meghalaya Congress Legislative Party (CLP) led to D. D. Lapang resigning as the CLP leader and as the Chief Minister under orders from the [[Congress high command]]. His former protégé, [[J. Dringwell Rymbai|J. D. Rymbai]] was elected new leader of the CLP and Chief Minister on 15 June 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lapang-out-rymbai-is-new-meghalaya-cm/6563/ |title=Lapang out, Rymbai is new Meghalaya CM |work=The Indian Express |location=India |date=16 June 2006 |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref> Despite the leadership change, the internal conflicts continued with both Lapang and Rymbai claiming majority support in the CLP. After less than a year in-charge, Rymbai was directed by the Congress high command to relinquish the position to Lapang after a secret confidence vote determined that Rymbai no longer had majority support. After refusing to comply with the high command directive for 5 days, Rymbai finally resigned on 10 March 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/rymbai-quits-meghalaya-cms-post/71599.html |title=संजू को धमकी नहीं आशीर्वाद दिया:भारद्वाज |publisher=Samaylive.com |date=2 April 2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.rediff.com/news/2007/mar/10cm.htm |title=Meghalaya CM Rymbai finally resigns |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref> Lapang was reelected as the CLP leader and was sworn in as Chief Minister on 10 March 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.boloji.com/200703/02655.htm |title=Boloji.com – A Study in Diversity – News, Views, Analysis, Literature, Poetry, Features – Express Yourself |publisher=News.boloji.com |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>

==Demise of Alliance==
In the lead up to the [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]] all the regional parties forming the MDA decided to run against the INC. The UDP, MDP, KHNAM and HPDP fielded candidates against INC and made corruption and government failure as their main election issues to garner votes against the INC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meghalaya-goes-to-polls-today--key-issues/60313-3-single.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522131152/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meghalaya-goes-to-polls-today--key-issues/60313-3-single.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 May 2011 |title=Meghalaya goes to polls today|publisher=IBNLive|accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>

This effectively meant the quiet demise of the Meghalaya Democratic Alliance.

The MDA was effectively replaced by the [[Meghalaya Progressive Alliance|Meghalaya Progressive Alliance (MPA)]] after the 2008 elections as INC tried to form the Government with support from independents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/congress-garners-support-of-3-independents-in-meghalaya_10026444.html |title=Congress garners support of 3 independents in Meghalaya – Thaindian News |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=11 March 2008 |accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081219093032/http://www.meghalaya.nic.in/ Government of Meghalaya]
* [http://megassembly.gov.in/ Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Coalition governments of India]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:Government of Meghalaya]]

Isha Lakhani

2026-03-16T00:37:27Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{short description|Indian tennis player}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Isha Lakhani
| image =
| country = {{IND}}
| residence = [[Mumbai]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|4|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mumbai
| height =
| turnedpro = 2001
| plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand)
| careerprizemoney = $60,736
| singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=150|lost=93}}
| singlestitles = 4 [[International Tennis Federation|ITF]]
| highestsinglesranking = No. 291 (19 May 2008)
| doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=80|lost=66}}
| doublestitles = 7 ITF
| highestdoublesranking = No. 371 (1 December 2008)
}}

'''Isha Lakhani''' (born 29 April 1985) is an Indian former professional [[tennis]] player.

==Biography==
Lakhani was born in [[Mumbai]]. Her career high in singles is world No. 291, achieved on 19 May 2008. In doubles, she peaked at No. 371 on 1 December 2008.

In her career, she won four singles and seven doubles titles on the [[ITF Women's Circuit]].

Playing for [[India Fed Cup team]], Lakhani has a win–loss record of 9–4.

==ITF Circuit finals==
===Singles: 12 (4–8)===
{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
!Legend
|- style="background:#f7e98e;"
| $75,000 tournaments
|- style="background:#addfad;"
| $50,000 tournaments
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| $25,000 tournaments
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| $10,000 tournaments
|}
|
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
!Finals by surface
|-
|Hard (3–8)
|-
|Clay (1–0)
|-
|Grass (0–0)
|-
|Carpet (0–0)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable" style=font-size:97%
!Outcome
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Surface
!Opponent
!class="unsortable"|Score
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 1.
| 26 May 2003
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ankita Bhambri]]
| 3–6, 3–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 2.
| 14 August 2003
| ITF Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| Hard
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Jin-hee (tennis)|Kim Jin-hee]]
| 6–4, 2–6, 6–3
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 3.
| 9 November 2003
| ITF Mumbai, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Akgul Amanmuradova]]
| 2–6, 3–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 4.
| 19 January 2004
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Montinee Tangphong]]
| 6–2, 2–6, 3–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 5.
| 21 May 2005
| ITF Indore, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanaa Bhambri]]
| 6–1, 6–7(3), 6–4
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 6.
| 29 October 2005
| ITF Mumbai, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Punam Reddy]]
| 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 7.
| {{dts|format=dmy|2005|11|6}}
| ITF Pune, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Naomi Cavaday]]
| 4–6, 1–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 8.
| 12 June 2006
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ankita Bhambri
| 3–6, 2–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 9.
| 13 July 2007
| ITF Khon Kaen, Thailand
| Hard
| {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Vlada Ekshibarova]]
| 6–2, 2–6, 3–6
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 10.
| 17 November 2007
| ITF Pune, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|INA}} [[Sandy Gumulya]]
| 3–6, 5–7
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 11.
| 4 May 2008
| ITF Balikpapan, Indonesia
| Hard
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Noppawan Lertcheewakarn]]
| 3–6, 2–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 12.
| 10 May 2008
| ITF Trivandrum, India
| Clay
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Miki Miyamura]]
| 6–7(2), 6–2, 6–4
|}

===Doubles: 13 (7–6)===
{|
|-valign=top
|
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
! Legend
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| $25,000 tournaments
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| $10,000 tournaments
|}
|
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:85%"
!Finals by surface
|-
|Hard (7–6)
|-
|Clay (0–0)
|}
|}

{|class="sortable wikitable"
!Outcome
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Surface
!Partner
!Opponents
!class="unsortable"|Score
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 1.
| 14 May 2000
| ITF Indore, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghha Vakaria]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Archana Venkataraman]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arthi Venkataraman]]
| 3–6, 6–1, 2–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 1.
| 21 May 2000
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Meghha Vakaria
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sheethal Goutham]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Liza Pereira Viplav]]
| 7–5, 6–2
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 2.
| 26 May 2003
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Liza Pereira Viplav
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sheethal Goutham {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Dhawan]]
| 5–7, 2–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 2.
| 17 January 2004
| ITF Hyderabad, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Meghha Vakaria
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rushmi Chakravarthi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Jayalakshmy Jayaram]]
| 7–5, 5–7, 6–3
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 3.
| 21 May 2005
| ITF Indore, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Meghha Vakaria
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ankita Bhambri {{flagicon|IND}} Sanaa Bhambri
| 7–5, 3–6, 2–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 4.
| 12 June 2006
| ITF New Delhi, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pichittra Thongdach]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Rushmi Chakravarthi {{flagicon|IND}} Meghha Vakaria
| 3–6, 4–6
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 3.
| 10 November 2006
| ITF Pune, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Ksenia Palkina]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Madura Ranganathan]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nungnadda Wannasuk]]
| 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 4.
| 25 May 2007
| ITF Mumbai, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|MRI}} [[Marinne Giraud]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ankita Bhambri {{flagicon|IND}} Sanaa Bhambri
| 6–4, 6–1
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 5.
| 13 June 2008
| ITF Gurgaon, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Elina Gasanova]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ankita Bhambri {{flagicon|IND}} Sanaa Bhambri
| 6–3, 6–4
|- style="background:lightblue;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 5.
| 24 October 2008
| [[Lagos Open (2000–present)|Lagos Open]], Nigeria
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Rushmi Chakravarthi
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Elena Chalova]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Valeria Savinykh]]
| 7–6(6), 3–6, [7–10]
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 6.
| 22 May 2009
| ITF Mumbai, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} Rushmi Chakravarthi
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Renee Binnie {{flagicon|CHN}} He Chunyan
| 2–6, 6–3, [10–7]
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner
| 7.
| 11 September 2009
| ITF Bangalore, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poojashree Venkatesha]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Moe Kawatoko {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kumari-Sweta Solanki]]
| 6–4, 6–3
|- style="background:#f0f8ff;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up
| 6.
| 9 December 2011
| ITF Solapur, India
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sri Peddi Reddy]]
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lu Jiajing]] {{flagicon|CHN}} Lu Jiaxiang
| 0–6, 5–7
|}

==External links==
* {{WTA}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Fed Cup player}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakhani, Isha}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female tennis players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in tennis]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games tennis players for India]]

Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga

2026-03-15T16:56:17Z

MohammedMathieu: general updated information also and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Hindi film directed by Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga
| image = Sherdil-The Pilibhit Saga poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| writer = {{plainlist|
* [[Srijit Mukherji]]
* Sudeep Nigam
* [[Atul Kumar Rai]] }}
| screenplay = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| story = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| based_on =
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Pankaj Tripathi]]
*[[Sayani Gupta]]
*[[Neeraj Kabi]]
*[[Sougata Ghosh]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Tiyash Sen
| editing = Pronoy Dasgupta
| music = [[Shantanu Moitra]]
| studio = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|06|24|}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|10 crore}}<ref name="Asianet News">{{Cite web |title=Box Office Report: Jug Jugg Jeeyo kick starts on a good note; Bhool Bhulaiya 2 continues with its magic |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/friday-box-office-report-jug-jugg-sherdil-the-pilibhit-saga-jeeyo-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-drb-re0nyi |access-date=2022-06-26 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|10 crore}}<ref name="Asianet News"/>
}}

'''''Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[adventure drama film]] written and directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2022 |first=Anindita |last=Mukherjee |title=Srijit Mukherji's Sherdil The Pilibhit Saga to release on June 24, Pankaj Tripathi shares pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/srijit-mukherji-s-sherdil-the-pilibhit-saga-to-release-on-june-24-pankaj-tripathi-shares-pics-1948233-2022-05-11 |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=India Today }}</ref> and produced by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] and [[Reliance Entertainment]] Studios. The film stars [[Pankaj Tripathi]], [[Sayani Gupta]] and [[Neeraj Kabi]] in the lead roles. The film was released theatrically on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=Sherdil The Pilibhit Saga trailer: Pankaj Tripathi goes on a suicide mission in Srijit Mukherji's satire inspired by real-life events |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sherdil-the-pilibhit-saga-trailer-pankaj-tripathi-srijit-mukherji-satire-7950428/ |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=The Indian Express }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pankaj Tripathi joins Srijit Mukherji's next |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/nov/26/pankaj-tripathi-joins-srijit-mukherjis-next-2388134.html |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=The New Indian Express|date=26 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pankaj Tripathi starts shooting for 'Sherdil' film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/nov/24/pankaj-tripathi-starts-shooting-for-sherdil-film-2387627.html |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=The New Indian Express|date=24 November 2021 }}</ref> It marked the final film of playback singer [[KK (singer)|KK]], who died a month before the film's release. The film explores a disturbing socio-economic phenomenon observed in villages surrounding the [[Pilibhit tiger reserve]], where extreme poverty compels some families to either abandon their elderly parents or, in certain cases, leads elderly individuals to voluntarily sacrifice themselves, with the hope that their deaths will result in government compensation for their families.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pankaj Tripathi starts shooting for 'Sherdil' film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/86679501.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |website=timesofindia}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Gangaram is the Sarpanch (leader) of a village located in the deep forest of [[Pilibhit tiger reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. His village has been suffering from famine and crop failure, exacerbated by wildlife encroachment. During an unsuccessful visit to a government office to seek poverty aid, he glances upon a poster that states that the kin of victims of fatal tiger encounters in areas bordering tiger reserves would be entitled to a ₹10,00,000 compensation from the Govt. of India. In a desperate attempt to alleviate the conditions of his village, Gangaram plots to sacrifice himself in a tiger attack. During his search for a tiger, his path crosses with that of a poacher Jim Ahmed ([[Neeraj Kabi]]) with whom he forms an unconventional partnership. The story then follows his journey, highlighting social issues faced by the lesser fortunate.

Gangaram unites with the poacher and both go looking for a tiger. After many days they find a tiger. Gangaram walks toward the tiger and the poacher is ready to shoot it. But the tiger is full and walks away. Forest officers follow them and shoot the poacher and take Gangaram into custody. Gangaram's story becomes famous all over India. He is pardoned from the court.

In the final scene, Gangaram comes back to the jungle in 4 wheelers with officers who want to promote tourism. Gangaram wants to take a leak and he goes to the jungle alone and is attacked by a tiger.

==Cast==
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] as Gangaram "Gangu"<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=Sherdil The Pilibhit Saga trailer: Pankaj Tripathi and Sayani Gupta fight tigers, corrupt government officials. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sherdil-the-pilibhit-saga-trailer-pankaj-tripathi-and-sayani-gupta-fight-tigers-corrupt-government-officials-watch-101654234343240.html |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=Hindustan Times }}</ref>
* [[Sayani Gupta]] as Lajwanti "Lajjo"
* [[Neeraj Kabi]] as Jim Ahmed
* [[Sohag Sen]] as Gangaram's mother
* Rakesh Boro as Ritvi
* Akshay Kapoor as DFO
*[[Sougata Ghosh]]

==Soundtrack==
The music rights of the film are owned by [[T-Series (company)|T Series]]. The music is composed by [[Shantanu Moitra]]. The first single titled "Dhoop Paani Bahne De" was released on 6 June 2022.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| title1 = Dhoop Paani Bahne De
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics1 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra1 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], Rituraj
| length1 = 4:08
| title2 = Moko Kahan
| lyrics2 = Traditional
| extra2 = [[Soumyadeep Murshidabadi|Soumya Murshidabadi]]
| length2 = 4:32
| title3 = Maya Chhaliya Roop Dhare
| lyrics3 = Vinod Dubey
| extra3 = [[Rahul Ram]]
| length3 = 3:22
| title4 = Aadmi Bhutiya Hai
| lyrics4 = Rahgir
| extra4 = Rahgir
| length4 = 4:05
| title5 = Do Din Jag Ka Mela
| lyrics5 = Traditional
| extra5 = Neeraj
| length5 = 4:07
| title6 = Bandho Bandho
| lyrics6 = Vinod Dubey
| extra6 = [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| length6 = 3:40
| title7 = Kahe Satnaam
| lyrics7 = Traditional
| extra7 = [[Rahul Ram]]
| length7 = 2:19
}}

==Release==

===Home media===
The digital streaming rights of the film were sold to [[Netflix]]. The film was digitally streamed on Netflix from 20 August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 August 2022 |title=Sherdil Movie OTT Release Date, OTT Platform, Time, and more |url=https://ottlist.in/pankaj-tripathis-sherdil-movie-ott-release-date/ |website=ottlist.in}}</ref>

==See also ==
*[[Pilibhit (film)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt15964308}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|sherdil-2}}

{{Srijit Mukherji}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]
[[Category:Pilibhit district]]

Gangaikondan, Cuddalore district

2026-03-11T05:04:38Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Town in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{About|the town in Cuddalore district|the town in Tirunelveli district|Gangaikondan|}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=ta|date=February 2025}}
{{one source|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
'''Gangaikondan''' is a town panchayat in [[Cuddalore District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Geography==
[[Cuddalore]] is 45 km east of Gangaikondan town panchayat on the Cuddalore-Virudhachalam National Highway; [[Vriddhachalam]] is 18 km in the west; [[Chidambaram]] is 40 km to the north and [[NLC India Limited]] is 10 km to the south.

==Structure of panchayat town==
Spread over 19.50 km2, this has 15 councilors and 25 streets and falls under [[Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency]] and [[Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=directorate of town panchayat |title=Gangaikondan Town Panchayat- |url=http://www.townpanchayat.in/gangaikondan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921175354/https://www.townpanchayat.in/gangaikondan |archive-date=2024-09-21 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.townpanchayat.in |language=ta |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[2011 census of India|As of 2011 census]], the town panchayat has 1,620 households and a population of 6,434. Also, the municipality has a literacy rate of 88% and a sex ratio of 987 females per 1,000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are 609 and 39 respectively.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Cuddalore district]]

{{Cuddalore-geo-stub}}

Chambalkadu

2026-03-03T20:56:24Z

MohammedMathieu: fixed citations after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Champalakadu
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[K. G. Rajasekharan]]
| producer =
| writer = Kollam Gopi
| screenplay = Kollam Gopi
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Balan K. Nair]] [[Mammootty]] [[Ratheesh]] [[K. P. Ummer]] [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] [[Jayamalini]]
| music = [[M. K. Arjunan]]
| cinematography = C. Ramachandra Menon
| editing = V. P. Krishnan
| studio = NK Productions
| distributor = NK Productions
| released = {{Film date|1982|6|2|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Champalakadu''''' is a 1982 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[K. G. Rajasekharan]]. The film stars [[Prem Nazir]], [[Balan K. Nair]], [[Mammootty]], [[Ratheesh]] and [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[M. K. Arjunan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1359|title=Chambalkaadu|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2925|title=Chambalkaadu|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317120418/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2925|archivedate=17 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/champalakadu-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911085909/http://spicyonion.com/title/champalakadu-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014|title=Champalakadu|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Prem Nazir]]
*[[Balan K. Nair]]
*[[K. P. Ummer]]
*[[Mammootty]]
*[[Ratheesh]]
*[[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
*[[Jayamalini]]
*[[P. R. Varalakshmi]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. K. Arjunan]] and the lyrics were written by Kollam Gopi.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Krishna Krishna" || [[Ambili (singer)|Ambili]] || Kollam Gopi ||
|-
| 2 || "Neerada Shyaamala Komala" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Kollam Gopi ||
|-
| 3 || "Padmaraagaveenayithu Meetti Aaduvaan" || [[Jency]] || Kollam Gopi ||
|-
| 4 || "Puthiya Sooryanudichu" || Chorus, Jency || Kollam Gopi ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0267361|Champalakadu}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. G. Rajasekharan]]
[[Category:Chambal River]]
[[Category:Films set in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about outlaws]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Sankaradi

2026-03-01T18:33:10Z

MohammedMathieu: enhanced article per standard format based on references

{{short description|Indian actor and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Sankaradi.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Sankaradi
| name = Sankaradi
| birth_name = Kanakku Chembakaraman Parameswaran Pillai Chandrashekaran Menon
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|07|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = North Pavavur
[[Kingdom of Cochin]], [[British India]] (present day [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India)
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Politician|Journalist}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|10|08|1924|07|14}}
| death_place = Cherai, [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| years_active = 1963 – 1998
| spouse = Sharada
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Paravoor Memana Parameswara Pillai|Chankaradiyil Thoppil Parambil Janaki Amma}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://cinidiary.com/peopleinfo.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=2&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter=S | title=CINIDIARY - A Complete Online Malayalam Cinema News Portal | access-date=15 January 2011 | archive-date=8 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708155931/http://cinidiary.com/peopleinfo.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=2&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter=S | url-status=live }}</ref>
| website =
| awards = '''[[Kerala State Film Awards]]''' 1970, 1971 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor|Second Best Actor]]
}}

'''Paravoor memana Kanakku Chembakaraman Parameswaran Chandrashekara Menon''', better known by his screen name '''Sankaradi''' (14 July 1924 – 8 October 2001), was an Indian actor. He was a veteran [[Malayalam]] comedian and character artist, who had over 700 [[Malayalam]] films to his credit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janmabhumidaily.com/jnb/?p=22142 |title="മലയാളത്തിലെ ആദ്യ റിയലിസ്റ്റിക്‌ ആക്ടര്‍" |access-date=4 January 2012 |archive-date=26 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526222756/http://www.janmabhumidaily.com/jnb/?p=22142 |url-status=live }}</ref> He dominated the Malayalam film scene in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s as a comedian along with [[Adoor Bhasi]] and [[Bahadoor]]. Later, he switched to character roles.

==Early life==
Sankaradi passed intermediate from [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam|Maharajas College]], [[Ernakulam]]. Before entering films, Sankaradi briefly dabbled in politics, journalism and theatre. He had earlier joined the [[Indian National Congress]], but later became a cardholder of the undivided [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=9 October 2018|title=ശങ്കരാടിയില്‍നിന്നാണ് ആ കഥാപാത്രത്തെ ഞാന്‍ കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്.-സത്യന്‍ അന്തിക്കാട്‌|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/remembering-sankaradi-death-anniversary-sathyan-anthikkad-ponmuttayidunna-tharavu-1.3209507|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-08|website=Mathrubhumi|language=ml}}</ref> However, he returned his party card after [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|the CPI split in 1964]] and turned to theatre.

Sankaradi joined the trade union movement at Baroda Railways while he was studying [[Engine department (ship)|Marine engineering]] at [[Baroda]]. He abandoned his studies to pursue a job as a journalist in ''The Literary Review,'' a newspaper based in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=നിർമാല്യത്തിലേക്ക് എംടി ആദ്യം ക്ഷണിച്ചത് ശങ്കരാടിയെ|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam-actor-sankaradi-death-anniversary-memories-424845/|access-date=2021-01-08|website=Indian Express Malayalam|language=ml}}</ref>

==Film career==
A stint in theatre in the mid-1960s in [[Kerala]] prepared Sankaradi for his foray into films. After his debut in [[Kunchacko]]'s ''Kadalamma'', he remained an integral part of [[Malayalam]] cinema till his death.

In 1968, he acted in ''[[Viruthan Shanku]]'', the first full-length comedy in Malayalam cinema, directed by [[P. Venu]]. Sankaradi won the state's best character artiste award in 1969–71. He also holds the record for featuring in over 300 films with [[Prem Nazir]].<ref name="webdunia1">{{Cite web | url=http://malayalam.webdunia.com/entertainment/film/profile/0710/27/1071027076_1.htm | title=ശങ്കരാടി: സ്വാഭാവികതയുടെ നന്മ | access-date=18 December 2008 | archive-date=19 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184529/http://malayalam.webdunia.com/entertainment/film/profile/0710/27/1071027076_1.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards==
'''[[Kerala State Film Awards]]:'''

*[[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor|Second Best Actor]] - 1970 - ''Vazhve mayam'', ''Ezhuthatha Kadha''
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor|Second Best Actor]] - 1971 - Various Films

==Personal life==
He was born to Memana Parameswara Pillai and Chankaradiyil Thoppil Parambil Janaki Amma in 1924 at Cherai, Kochi, India. He had four siblings, Balan Menon, Sarojini, Lakshmikuty and Indira.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://cinidiary.com/people.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=50&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter= | title=CINIDIARY - A Complete Online Malayalam Cinema News Portal | access-date=6 May 2015 | archive-date=19 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619071551/http://cinidiary.com/people.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=50&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter= | url-status=live }}</ref> Later on, he adopted the screen name 'Sankaradi' from the name of his Matrilineal family name "Chankaradiyil" by discarding the "-yil" and changing "Chankaradi" to "Sankaradi".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=facjhTsmxlc |title=ശങ്കരാടി മലയാളത്തിലെ ചിരകാല പ്രതിഭ | Sankaradi | Smrithi | Safari TV - YouTube |website=[[YouTube]] |date=26 August 2018 |access-date=18 January 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011202017/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=facjhTsmxlc |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sankaradi remained a bachelor for a long time till he married Sharada in the late 1980s; the couple had no children. He was known throughout his film career by his house name ([[Tharavadu]]) "Sankaradi".<ref name="webdunia1"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/09shank.htm |title=Rediff.com, Movies: Sankaradi passes away |access-date=9 December 2008 |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015115904/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/09shank.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chakpak.com/celebrity/sankaradi/filmography/16396 |title=OOPsss... Something not found?? | Chakpak |access-date=2008-12-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731194023/http://www.chakpak.com/celebrity/sankaradi/filmography/16396 |archive-date=31 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He died at his home in Cherai at 10 PM on 8 October 2001, aged 77. He was ailing for a while until his death. He was cremated with full state honours at the premises of his home the next day. ''[[Harikrishnans]]'', directed by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]], was his last film.

==Filmography==
===1970s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=15 | 1970 || ''[[Thriveni]]'' || Sankara Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Vazhve Mayam]]'' || Neelakantappillai ||
|-
| ''[[Nizhalattam]]'' || Kumaran ||
|-
| ''[[Rakthapushpam]]'' || Pisharady ||
|-
| ''[[Detective 909 Keralathil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nazhikakkallu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aa Chithrashalabham Parannotte]]'' || Keshava Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Ezhuthatha Kadha]]'' || Shanku Asan ||
|-
| ''[[Abhayam (1970 film)|Abhayam]]'' || Comrade Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Bheekara Nimishangal]]'' || Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Lottery Ticket (1970 film)|Lottery Ticket]]'' || Velappan ||
|-
| ''[[Priya (1970 film)|Priya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ambalapravu]]'' || Dhamu ||
|-
| ''[[Kakkathamburatti]]'' || Kittuashan ||
|-
| ''[[Aranazhika Neram]]'' || Geevareeth ||
|-
| rowspan=16 | 1971 || ''[[Marunnattil Oru Malayali]]'' || Sheshadri/Pathrose ||
|-
| ''[[Vilakkyu Vaangiya Veena]]'' || Sankara Pilla ||
|-
| ''Poompatta'' || Kelu Kaniyar ||
|-
| ''[[Anadha Shilpangal]]'' || Iyyer ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Penninte Katha]]'' || Manager ||
|-
| ''[[Moonnupookkal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Inqulab Zindabbad]]'' || Neerkunnam Neelaambaran ||
|-
| ''[[Bobanum Moliyum]]'' || Mammad ||
|-
| ''[[Sindooracheppu]]'' || Sankaran Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Anubhavangal Paalichakal]]'' || Kochutty ||
|-
| ''[[Lankadahanam]]'' || Adiyodi ||
|-
| ''[[Sumangali (1971 film)|Sumangali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aabhijathyam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vithukal]]'' || Achuthan Nair P Bhaskaran ||
|-
| ''[[Thapaswini]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karakanakadal]]'' || Philippose ||
|-
| rowspan=20 | 1972 || ''[[Omana]]'' || Kunjumman Kochukoshi ||
|-
| ''[[Maaya (1972 film)|Maaya]]'' || Velu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]'' || Nagappan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Brahmachari (1972 film)|Brahmachari]]'' || Unnithan ||
|-
| ''[[Punarjanmam]]'' || Ashan ||
|-
| ''[[Panimudakku]]'' || George ||
|-
| ''[[Baalyaprathijna]]'' || Muthalali ||
|-
| ''[[Chembarathi]]'' || Manager ||
|-
| ''[[Aadhyathe Katha]]'' || Appu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Theerthayathra]]'' || Krishnan Ashan ||
|-
| ''Sathi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aaradimanninte Janmi]]'' || Sankara Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Nrithasala]]'' || Sekhara/Durodana Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Miss Mary (1972 film)|Miss Mary]]'' || Keshava Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Naadan Premam (film)|Naadan Premam]]'' || Gopalan ||
|-
| ''[[Anweshanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kandavarundo]]'' || Kuttappan ||
|-
| ''[[Mayiladumkunnu]]'' || Outha ||
|-
| ''Lakshyam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Snehadeepame Mizhi Thurakku]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=30 | 1973 || ''[[Mazhakaaru]]'' || Krishnanda Swami ||
|-
| ''[[Sasthram Jayichu Manushyan Thottu]]'' || Kottu Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Raakuyil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thottavadi]]'' || Kuttan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Madhavikutty (film)|Madhavikutty]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Veendum Prabhatham]]'' || Sarigama Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Nirmalyam]]'' || Ravunni Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Kaliyugam (1973 film)|Kaliyugam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Interview (1973 film)|Interview]]'' || Govinda Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Enippadikal (film)|Enippadikal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Achani]]'' || Banker Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Azhakulla Saleena]]'' || Agausthi ||
|-
| ''[[Aashachakram]]'' || Ramu ||
|-
| ''[[Udayam (film)|Udayam]]'' || Raman Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Manassu]]'' || ||
|-
| '' [[Football Champion]]'' || Ramakrishna Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Ragging (film)|Ragging]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pachanottukal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chukku]]'' || Kammath ||
|-
| ''[[Chenda (film)|Chenda]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thaniniram]]'' || Vaidyan ||
|-
| ''[[Periyar (1973 film)|Periyar]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Gayathri (1973 film)|Gayathri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Darsanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Devi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ajnathavasam]]'' || Kochuraman ||
|-
| ''Chayam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Divyadharsanam]]'' || Kunju Kuttan ||
|-
| ''[[Angathattu]]'' || Kochukuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Nakhangal (1973 film)|Nakhangal]]'' || Achuthan Nair ||
|-
| rowspan=25 | 1974 || ''[[Bhoomidevi Pushpiniyayi]]'' || Pachu Pilla ||
|-
| ''Vrindavam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rahasyarathri]]'' || Sankara Pilla ||
|-
| ''Pattabhishekam'' || Pothuval ||
|-
| ''[[Pancha Thanthram]]'' || Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Kanyakumari (film)|Kanyakumari]]'' || North Indian businessman ||
|-
| ''[[Pathiravum Pakalvelichavum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Night Duty]]'' || Kuttan Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Nathoon]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Neelakannukal]]'' || Mathew Sakhavu ||
|-
| ''[[Thacholi Marumakan Chandu]]'' || Kannoth Moothor ||
|-
| ''[[Jeevikkan Marannupoya Sthree]]'' || Panikker ||
|-
| ''[[Ayalathe Sundari]]'' || Kuttan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Manyasree Viswamithran]]'' || Vakkeel ||
|-
| ''[[College Girl (1974 film)|College Girl]]'' || Parakulam Raman Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Poonthenaruvi]]'' || Issac ||
|-
| ''[[Chandrakantham]]'' || Sreesankara Pilla ||
|-
| ''Oru Pidi Ari'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Honeymoon (1974 film)|Honeymoon]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rajahamsam]]'' || Radha's father ||
|-
| ''[[Sapthaswaragal]]'' || Kunju Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Alakal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aswathy]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nellu (1974 film)|Nellu]]'' || Damodhara Warrier ||
|-
| ''[[Chattakkari (1974 film)|Chattakkari]]'' || Mr. Warrier ||
|-
| rowspan=20 | 1975 || ''[[Pravaham]]'' || Damodhara Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Kaamam Krodham Moham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sammanam (1975 film)|Sammanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Abhimaanam]]'' || Damodharan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Chuvanna Sandhyakal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Akkaldaama]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Hello Darling (1975 film)|Hello Darling]]'' || Pachu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Ayodhya (1975 film)|Ayodhya]]'' || Sarasamma ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyaanappanthal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raasaleela]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aaranya Kandam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chandanachola]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Love Letter (1975 film)|Love Letter]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Love Marriage (1975 film)|Love Marriage]]'' || Major Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Utsavam (1975 film)|Utsavam]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Madhurappathinezhu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raagam]]'' || Dharmapalan ||
|-
| ''[[Makkal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Babumon (film)|Babumon]]'' || Pathiru Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Cheenavala]]'' || Konthi ||
|-
| rowspan=31 | 1976 || ''Kamadhenu'' || Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Priyamvada]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Paalkkadal]]'' || Mesthiri ||
|-
| ''[[Sindhooram (1976 film)|Sindhooram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Nee Ente Lahari'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Amba Ambika Ambalika]]'' || Fishermen's King ||
|-
| ''[[Anubhavam]]'' || Press owner ||
|-
| ''[[Chennaaya Valarthiya Kutty]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Appooppan]]'' || Sankaran Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Ayalkkaari]]'' || Suku's Uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Manimuzhakkam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mohiniyaattam (film)|Mohiniyaattam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aruthu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chirikkudukka]]'' || Keshavan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Light House (1976 film)|Light House]]'' || Raghavan Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Surveykkallu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Samasya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Prasaadam]]'' || Gopala Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Kanyaadaanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pick Pocket (1976 film)|Pick Pocket]]'' || Krishna Kurup ||
|-
| ''Muthu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ponni (1976 film)|Ponni]]'' || Nanjan ||
|-
| ''[[Ajayanum Vijayanum]]'' || Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Amrithavaahini]]'' || Madhava Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Swimming Pool (1976 film)|Swimming Pool]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Pushpam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Missi (film)|Missi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Udyaanalakshmi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ammini Ammaavan]]'' || Ranger Paramupilla ||
|-
| ''[[Theekkanal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Panchami (film)|Panchami]]'' || Yohannan ||
|-
| rowspan=35 | 1977 || ''[[Thaalappoli]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anjali (1977 film)|Anjali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Yatheem]]'' || Khader Haji ||
|-
| ''[[Nurayum Pathayum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Veedu Oru Swargam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Agninakshathram (1977 film)|Agninakshathram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Makam Piranna Manka]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Amme Anupame]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Madhura Swapanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Yudhakandam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sneha Yamuna]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jagadguru Aadisankaran]]'' || Moorkkathu Namboothiri ||
|-
| ''[[Guruvayur Kesavan (film)|Guruvayur Kesavan]]'' || Komunni Nair ||
|-
| ''Varadakshina'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Panchamrutham]]'' || Avarachan ||
|-
| ''[[Samudram (1977 film)|Samudram]]'' || Gopalan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Vezhambal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oonjaal]]'' || Thirumeni ||
|-
| ''[[Lakshmi (1977 film)|Lakshmi]]'' || Madhavan Thamphi ||
|-
| ''[[Rathimanmadhan]]'' || Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Kaduvaye Pidicha Kiduva]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vishukkani]]'' || Prabhakaran Pillai ||
|-
| ''Niraparayum Nilavilakkum'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ormakal Marikkumo]]'' || Chandrasekharan's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Innale Innu]]'' || Nanu Nair ||
|-
| ''Minimol'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aaraadhana]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sreedevi (film)|Sreedevi]]'' || P. K. Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Chathurvedam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Satyavan Savithri]]'' || Rajaguru ||
|-
| ''[[Sakhakkale Munnoottu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Hridayame Sakshi]]'' || Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Manassoru Mayil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ammaayi Amma]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Itha Ivide Vare]]'' || Sivaraman Nair ||
|-
| rowspan=36 | 1978 || ''[[Kudumbam Namukku Sreekovil]]'' || Swaminathan ||
|-
| ''[[Aniyara]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Uthrada Rathri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vishwaroopam (1978 film)|Vishwaroopam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mudramothiram]]'' || Swami ||
|-
| ''[[Eeta]]'' || Annamma's father ||
|-
| ''[[Prarthana (1978 film)|Prarthana]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kanyaka (film)|Kanyaka]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Madanolsavam]]'' || D'Cruz ||
|-
| ''[[Agni (1978 film)|Agni]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sathrusamhaaram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manoradham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adimakkachavadam]]'' || Varkey Muthalali ||
|-
| ''Tharoo Oru Janmam Koodi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anumodhanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nakshathrangale Kaaval (film)|Nakshathrangale Kaaval]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nivedyam (1978 film)|Nivedyam]]'' || Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Avalude Ravukal]]'' || Damodaran ||
|-
| ''[[Njaan Njaan Maathram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Snehikkan Samayamilla]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aarum Anyaralla]]'' || Naanu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Avakaasham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Premashilpi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raghuvamsham (film)|Raghuvamsham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aval Viswasthayayirunnu]]'' || Thomachan ||
|-
| ''[[Rajan Paranja Kadha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adavukal Pathinettu]]'' || Shekharan Kutty's father ||
|-
| ''[[Snehikkan Oru Pennu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Yagaswam]]'' || Govinda Marar ||
|-
| ''[[Asthamayam]]'' || Swami ||
|-
| ''[[Ninakku Njaanum Enikku Neeyum]]'' || Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Vadakakku Oru Hridayam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Iniyum Puzhayozhukum]]'' || Kurupu ||
|-
| ''[[Ithaa Oru Manushyan]]'' || Krishnan Potti ||
|-
| ''[[Bandhanam]]'' || Achumman ||
|-
| ''[[Randilonnu]]''|| Kuttappan ||
|-
| rowspan=24 | 1979 || ''[[Agni Vyooham]]'' || Shekharan Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Kathirmandapam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thuramukham]]'' || Vasu Mesthiri ||
|-
| ''Shudhikalasham'' || Vikraman Kartha ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Raagam Pala Thaalam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aarattu (1979 film)|Aarattu]]'' || Vareethu ||
|-
| ''[[Neeyo Njaano]]'' || Govindaswami Gounder ||
|-
| ''[[Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum]]'' || Aboobakkar's father ||
|-
| ''[[Kaalam Kaathu Ninnilla]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ivide Kattinu Sugandam]]'' || Sreedharan ||
|-
| ''[[Anubhavangale Nanni]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jimmy (1979 film)|Jimmy]]'' || Paulose ||
|-
| ''[[Radha Enna Pennkutti]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Neelakaasham]]'' || Raghava Panikker ||
|-
| ''[[Rakthamillatha Manushyan]]'' || Appayya/Mathai ||
|-
| ''College Beauty'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oolkatal]]'' || Fr. Chenadan ||
|-
| ''[[Angakkuri]]'' || Ramachandhran's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Vellayani Paramu]]'' || Swamikal ||
|-
| ''Ezhunirangal'' || Narendran ||
|-
| ''[[Choola]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Prabhaathasandhya]]'' || Thirumeni ||
|-
| ''[[Edavazhiyile Poocha Minda Poocha]]'' || Sankaran Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Velicham]]'' || Panikkar ||
|-
|}

===1980s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=28 | 1980 || ''[[Akalangalil Abhayam]]'' || Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Raagam Thaanam Pallavi]]'' || Jayachandran's father ||
|-
| ''[[Ammayum Makalum|Ammmayum Makalum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Eden Thottam]]'' || Rappai ||
|-
| ''[[Ivar (1980 film)|Ivar]]'' || Susammma's father ||
|-
| ''[[Ishtamanu Pakshe]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lorry (film)|Lorry]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karimpana]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adhikaram]]'' || Bhaskara Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Pralayam]]'' || Professor ||
|-
| ''[[Arangum Aniyarayum]]'' || Suppu Iyyer ||
|-
| ''[[Moorkhan (film)|Moorkhan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Varsham Oru Maasam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Makara Vilakku (film)|Makara Vilakku]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Ithikkara Pakki'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Benz Vasu]]'' || Pappu's father ||
|-
| ''Meen'' || Moopan ||
|-
| ''[[Muthuchippikal]]'' || Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Puzha (film)|Puzha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dooram Arike]]'' || Mani Iyyar ||
|-
| ''[[Pavizha Mutthu]]'' || Malathy's father ||
|-
| ''[[Swandam Enna Padam]]'' || Usha's Uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Vaiki Vanna Vasantham]]'' || Velu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Dwik Vijayam]]'' || Sankara Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Aagamanam]]'' || Raman Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Angadi (film)|Angaadi]]'' || Karunakaran ||
|-
| ''Air Hostess'' || Sankara Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Aniyaatha Valakal]]'' || Sujatha's Uncle ||
|-
| rowspan=24 | 1981 || ''[[Sphodanam]]'' || Krishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Asthamikkatha Pakalukal]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Vilippadakale]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ellaam Ninakku Vendi]]'' || Ammavan ||
|-
| ''[[Kolilakkam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Pinneyum Pookkunna Kaadu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thadavara]]'' || Prof. Gopinath ||
|-
| ''[[Oppol]]'' || Kunjan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Archana Teacher]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sambhavam|Sambavam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Orikkal Koodi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Grihalakshmi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sanchari]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Raktham]]'' || Pillechan ashan ||
|-
| ''[[Thaaraavu]]'' || Raman ||
|-
| ''Avatharam'' || Mammukka ||
|-
| ''[[Swarangal Swapnagal]]'' || Janardhanan sir ||
|-
| ''[[Tharattu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vayal]]'' || Kaimal ||
|-
| ''[[Maniyan Pilla Adhava Maniyan Pilla]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Chayam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thrishna]]'' || Parameswaran ||
|-
| ''[[Vida Parayum Munpe]]'' || Panicker ||
|-
| ''[[Theekkali]]'' || Krishnan Thampi ||
|-
| rowspan=22 | 1982 || ''[[Nagamadathu Thampuratti]]'' || Seshayya ||
|-
| ''[[Ethiraalikal]]'' || Mammukka ||
|-
| ''[[Kurukkante Kalyanam]]'' || Thrivikraman ||
|-
| ''Veedu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Marupacha]]'' || Sankaradi Sankunni ||
|-
| ''[[Kakka (film)|Kakka]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jambulingam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karthavyam (1982 film)|Karthavyam]]'' || Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Chiriyo Chiri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aalolam'' || ||
|-
| ''Ilakkagal'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vaarikuzhi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aarambham]]'' || Velu ||
|-
| ''[[Enthino Pookunna Pookkal]]'' || Kurupp ||
|-
| ''[[Mylanji]]'' || Beerankunju ||
|-
| ''[[Njan Ekananu]]'' || Ramettan ||
|-
| ''[[Anthiveyilile Ponnu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Njanonnu Parayatte'' || Sankaran Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Sooryan (1982 film)|Sooryan]]'' || A R C Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Ee Nadu]]'' || Kuttyahammed ||
|-
| ''[[Innalenkil Nale]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| ''[[Ponmudy (film)|Ponmudy]]'' || Kesummavan ||
|-
| rowspan=15 | 1983 || ''[[Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu]]'' || Velupilla ||
|-
| ''[[Rathilayam]]'' || Vasu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Onnu Chirikku]]'' || Ananthapadmanabhan Iyer ||
|-
| ''[[Parasparam]]'' || Appachan ||
|-
| ''[[Aashrayam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maniyara]]'' || Sulaiman ||
|-
| ''Aana'' || Alikka ||
|-
| ''[[Mandanmmar Londanil]]'' || Kunjunni maashu ||
|-
| ''[[Asthram (1983 film)|Asthram]]'' || Nanu Maashu ||
|-
| ''[[Nathi Muthal Nathi Vare]]'' || Velu Mooppan ||
|-
| ''[[Iniyengilum]]'' || Govinda Pai ||
|-
| ''Bandham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Engane Nee Marakkum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Madapravinte Katha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mazha Nilaavu]]'' || Sankara Pilla ||
|-
| rowspan=18 | 1984 || ''Ente Nandinikutty'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Unni Vanna Divasam]]'' || Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Vanitha Police]]'' || Chelleppan Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Poochakkoru Mookkuthi]]'' || [[Advocate|Adv.]] Sankaran Kutty ||
|-
| ''[[Manasariyathe]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Athirathram (film)|Athirathram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rakshassu]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| ''[[Aksharangal]]'' || Writer Kumaran ||
|-
| ''[[Unaroo]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aattuvanchi Ulanjappol]]'' || Bank Manager ||
|-
| ''[[Manithali]]'' || Musthafakka ||
|-
| ''Nethavu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Arante Mulla Kochu Mulla]]'' || Former Bank Manager ||
|-
| ''[[Adiyozhukkukal]]'' || Joseph ||
|-
| ''[[Paavam Poornima]]'' || Nanu Kuruppu ||
|-
| ''[[Appunni]]'' || Adhikari ||
|-
| ''[[Athirathram (film)|Athirathram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Muthodumuthu'' || Thekkedathu Krishna Karnavar ||
|-
| rowspan=15 | 1985 || ''[[Gaayathridevi Ente Amma]]'' || Nambiar ||
|-
| ''[[Avidathe Pole Ivideyum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Koodum Thedi]]'' || Esho ||
|-
| ''[[Akalathe Ambili]]'' || Ambili's father ||
|-
| ''[[Nayakan (1985 film)|Nayakan]]'' || Murari Dance Master ||
|-
| ''[[Anakkorumma]]'' || Potti ||
|-
| ''[[Njan Piranna Nattil]]'' || Psychiatrist Varma ||
|-
| ''[[Guruji Oru Vakku]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Onnanam Kunnil Oradi Kunnil]]'' || Col. Raghavan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Pacha Velicham]]'' || Mukundan's father ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Ammu Ninte Thulasi Avarude Chakki]]'' || Vasu Pillai ||
|-
| ''[[Boeing Boeing (1985 film)|Boeing Boeing]]'' || M. T. E. Damodaran ||
|-
| ''Mukhyamanthri'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anubandham (1985 film)|Anu Bandham]]'' || Joseph ||
|-
| ''[[Janakeeya Kodathi]]'' || Sankaran ||
|-
| rowspan=14 | 1986 || ''[[Hello My Dear Wrong Number]]'' || Judge Narayanan Kurup ||
|-
| ''[[Koodanayum Kattu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Ithramathram'' ||K. V. Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Aavanazhi]]'' || Viswanathan ||
|-
| ''[[Ninnistham Ennishtam]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
| ''[[Rakkuyilin Ragasadassil]]'' || Chandu ||
|-
| ''[[Manasiloru Manimuthu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vivahithare Ithile]]'' || Psychiatrist Dr. Satheesh ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Yugasandhya]]'' || Kuttayi ||
|-
| ''[[Thalavattam]]'' || Thirumeni ||
|-
| ''[[Nandi Veendum Varika]]'' || Chathukutty ||
|-
| ''[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam]]'' || [[Advocate|Adv.]] P. Sreedharan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Oppam Oppathinoppam]]'' || Paramu Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Sukhamo Devi]]'' || Rajasekharan ||
|-
| rowspan=16 | 1987 || ''[[Kalam Mari Katha Mari]]'' || Sulaiman ||
|-
| ''Nirabhethagal'' || Salini's father ||
|-
| ''[[Aalippazhangal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rithubhedam]]'' || Karunakara Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Idanazhiyil Oru Kaalocha]]'' || Principal ||
|-
| ''[[Sarvakalashala]]'' || Charachara Achan ||
|-
| ''[[Ithrayum Kaalam]]'' || Maani ||
|-
| ''[[Cheppu]]'' || Karunakaran Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Vrutham]]'' || Kaimal ||
|-
| ''Swargam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nadodikkattu]]'' || Panicker ||
|-
| ''[[Adimakal Udamakal]]'' || Govindan ||
|-
| ''Sreedharante Onnam Thirumurivu'' || Kumaran ||
|-
| ''[[Sruthi (film)|Sruthi]]'' || Keshava Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' || Radha's father ||
|-
| ''Ivide Ellavarkkum Sukham'' || Lazar ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1988 || ''[[Ponmuttayidunna Tharavu]]'' || Madhavan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Mukthi]]'' || Ravunni Warrier ||
|-
| ''[[Ayitham]]'' || Vikraman ||
|-
| ''[[Daisy (1988 film)|Daisy]]'' || Teacher ||
|-
| ''[[Abkari]]'' || Govindan ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 1989 || ''[[Oru Sayahnathinte Swapnam]]'' || Pisharadi ||
|-
| ''Padippura'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Utharam]]'' || Achuvettan ||
|-
| ''[[Chakkikotha Chankaran]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Mazhavilkavadi]]'' || Kuriya Varkey ||
|-
| ''[[Vadakkunokkiyantram]]'' || Thalathil Chanthu Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Mrigaya (1989 film)|Mrigaya]]'' || Shankunni ||
|-
| ''Jaithra Yathra'' || Advocate ||
|-
| ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]'' || Krishnan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Peruvannapurathe Visheshangal]]'' || College Principal ||
|-
| ''[[Ramji Rao Speaking]]'' || Manager ||
|-
|}

===1990s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1990 || ''Superstar'' || Swapna's father ||
|-
| ''Brahmaraksassu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Minda Poochakku Kalyanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vidyarambham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kalikkalam]]'' || Ammavan ||
|-
| ''[[Kouthuka Varthakal]]'' || Aswathy's father ||
|-
| ''[[His Highness Abdulla]]'' || Raman Menon, Secretary to the Maharaja ||
|-
| ''[[Sasneham]]'' || Padmanabhan ||
|-
| ''[[Thalayanamanthram]]'' || Thankappan ||
|-
| ''[[Thaazhvaaram]]''|| Nanu ||
|-
| rowspan=14 | 1991 || ''[[Pookkalam Varavayi]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Kizhakkunarum Pakshi]]'' || Ishwaramaman ||
|-
| ''[[Kanalkattu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ulladakkam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anaswaram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Amina Tailors]]'' || Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Uncle Bun]]'' || Ittiyachan || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Aakasha Kottayile Sultan]]'' || Pillaichan ||
|-
| ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' || Advocate ||
|-
| ''[[Mukha Chithram]]''|| Sunanda's father ||
|-
| ''[[Nayam Vyakthamakkunnu]]'' || Sankaranarayanan Thampi ||
|-
| ''[[Ennum Nanmakal]]'' || Radha Devi's Uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Sandesam]]'' || Kumara Pillai ||
|-
| ''[[Nettippattam]]''|| Achyuthan Nair ||
|-
| rowspan=12 | 1992 || ''[[Utsavamelam]]'' || Thekkumpuram Karnavar ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruthalvaadi]]'' || Raghavan Master ||
|-
| ''Nakshthrakoodaram'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kasarkode Khaderbai]]'' || Pachalam Pappachan ||
|-
| ''Mr and Mrs'' || ||
|-
| ''Kallanum Policum'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adhwaytham]]'' || Chief Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Snehasagaram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Johnnie Walker]] '' || Principal ||
|-
| ''[[Vietnam Colony]] '' || Insane man ||
|-
| ''[[Aayushkalam]]'' || Fernandez ||
|-
| ''[[Pappayude Swantham Appoos]]'' || Kurupp Ammavan ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 1993 || ''[[Aagneyam]]'' || Ammavan ||
|-
| ''[[Chenkol]]'' || Krishnan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Aayirappara]]'' || Priest ||
|-
| ''[[Devasuram]]'' || Kuttikrishnan Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Aalavattam (film)|Aalavattam]]'' || Madhavan Maman ||
|-
| ''Ponnaram Thottathe Rajavu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sopanam (film)|Sopanam]]'' || Marar ||
|-
| ''[[Samooham]]'' || Rajalakshmi's Uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Golanthara Vartha]]'' || Panchayat president ||
|-
| ''[[Kabooliwala]]''|| Tea Shop Owner ||
|-
| ''[[Midhunam]]'' || Sethu's 'Ammavan' ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1994 || ''[[Minnaram]]'' || Iyer ||
|-
| ''Chanakya Soothrangal'' || Velu Pilla ||
|-
| ''[[Pingami]]'' || Muthappan ||
|-
| ''[[Sankeerthanam Pole]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Moonnam Loka Pattalam'' || Ezhuthachan Panikkar ||
|-
| ''[[Thenmavin Kombath]]'' || Manikkan's father ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1995 || ''[[Alancheri Thamprakkal]]'' || Chekutty Writer ||
|-
| ''[[Mazhayethum Munpe]]'' || Uma's father ||
|-
| ''[[No 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North]]'' || Danielkutty ||
|-
| ''[[Spadikam]]'' || Judge ||
|-
| ''[[Sindoorarekha]]'' || House Owner Pisharodi ||
|-
| ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]'' || Pillai ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1996 || ''[[Lalanam]]'' || Madhavan Pillai ||
|-
| ''[[Kaalapani (1996 film)|Kalapani]]'' || Musaliar ||
|-
| ''The Porter'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thooval Kottaram]]'' || Advocate ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1997 || ''[[Oral Mathram]]'' || Tea Shop owner ||
|-
| ''[[Aniyathipravu]]'' || Colonel ||
|-
| ''April 19'' || ||
|-
| ''Vamsam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aaraam Thampuran]]'' || Ezhuthachan ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1998 || ''[[Meenathil Thalikettu]]'' || Durga's Husband ||
|-
| ''[[Kusruthi Kuruppu]]'' || Captain ||
|-
| ''[[Sundarakilladi]]'' || Malliyannan ||
|-
| ''[[Harikrishnans]]'' || Kunjikelu ||
|-
| ''Malabaril Ninnoru Manimaaran'' || ||
|-
|}

===Posthumus===
The 2017 Malayalam film, [[Varnyathil Aashanka|Varnyathil Ashanka]], directed by [[Sidharth Bharathan]] shows the reprisal of Sankaradi's character (photograph only), leftist ideologue, Kumara Pillai from [[Sandesham]], along with his party worker [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Uthaman, and rival party chief Yashwanth Sahai ([[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]).

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0762844|name=Sankaradi}}
* [http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Sankaradi&limit=450 Sankaradi at MSI]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sankaradi}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam theatre]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian comedians]]

Vakhtapur State (Rewa Kantha)

2026-02-28T16:38:28Z

MohammedMathieu: new

{{Short description|Princely state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Vakhtapur State
|common_name =Vakhtapur
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start =
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = File:Rewa_Kantha_Agency_with_all_Princely_States_Gujarat_during_British_India_1811-1937_with_labels.svg
|image_map_caption = Location of Vakhtapur
|stat_area1 =3.885
|stat_year1 =1931
|stat_pop1 =390
|footnotes =
}}
'''Vakhtapur State''' was a minor [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in what is today [[Gujarat State]] India. It was initially administered by the [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 266, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n297/mode/2up and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency.</ref> and then by the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1935, p. 104,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347/page/n113/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the [[Pandu Mehwas]], petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 270,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n301/mode/2up</ref>

The state had a population of 390 and an area of 1.5 sq miles.<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1939, p. 26, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35598/page/n35/mode/2up</ref>

== History ==
The minor princely state, belonging to the [[Pandu Mehwas]] division of [[Rewa Kantha]], was ruled by [[Rajput]] Chieftains.

In 1901 it comprised only the single village, covering 1 1/2 square miles, with a population of 244, yielding 816 Rupees state revenue (1903–4, mostly from land), paying 116 Rupees tribute, to the Gaekwar [[Baroda State]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_019.gif|title=(Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 13.) Mahi Kantha: General statistics of Each State in the Mahi Kantha Agency|website=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref>

==Rulers==

The Rulers had the title of Thakur. It wa divided between severel shareholders.

* Chhatrasing Navalsing (b. 1890) fl. 1922 <ref>The Rewakantha directory, p. 118, https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/118/mode/2up</ref> -fl. 1927 <ref>A Collection Of Treaties and Sanads Vol - Xiv (1929), p. 164, https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1302/page/163/mode/2up</ref> with:
* Amarsing Nathoobhai (b. 1881) fl. 1922 <ref>The Rewakantha directory, p. 118, https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/118/mode/2up</ref> -fl. 1927 <ref>A Collection Of Treaties and Sanads Vol - Xiv (1929), p. 164, https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1302/page/163/mode/2up</ref> and with:
* Bai Takhtaba (b. 1901) fl. 1922 <ref>The Rewakantha directory, p. 118, https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/118/mode/2up</ref> and then:
* Laxmansing Becharsing fl. 1927 <ref>A Collection Of Treaties and Sanads Vol - Xiv (1929), p. 164, https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1302/page/163/mode/2up</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links and Sources ==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_297.gif Imperial Gazetteer, on DSAL.UChicago.edu - Rewa Kantha]

{{other uses|Vakhtapur (disambiguation)}}

{{princely states topics}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}
{{Polisci-stub}}

Asaf Ali

2026-02-16T11:53:06Z

MohammedMathieu: enhance lead per standard format after review

{{Short description|Indian politician (1888–1953)}}
{{Distinguish|text=various people called [[Asif Ali (disambiguation)|Asif Ali]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Asaf Ali
|image = Asaf Ali c- 1909 2013-08-09 16-24.jpg
|caption = Asaf Ali c. 1909
|office = [[Ambassador of India to Switzerland]]
|primeminister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|term_start = 1952
|term_end = 2 April 1953
|predecessor = [[Dhirajlal Desai|Dhirajlal Bhulabhai Desai]]
|successor = [[Y. D. Gundevia]]
|order1 = 2nd
|office1 = Governor of Odisha
|1blankname1 = Chief Minister
|1namedata1 = [[Nabakrushna Choudhuri]]
|term_start1 = 18 July 1951
|term_end1 = 6 June 1952
|predecessor1 = [[V. P. Menon]] {{small|''(acting)''}}
|successor1 = [[Fazal Ali]]
|1blankname2 = Chief Minister
|1namedata2 = [[Harekrushna Mahatab]] Nabakrushna Choudhuri
|term_start2 = 21 June 1948
|term_end2 = 5 May 1951
|predecessor2 = [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
|successor2 = V. P. Menon {{small|''(acting)''}}
|office3 = 1st [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador of India to the United States]]
|primeminister3 = Jawaharlal Nehru
|term_start3 = 1947
|term_end3 = 1948
|predecessor3 = ''Office Established''
|successor3 = [[Benegal Rama Rau]]
|birth_date = 11 May 1888
|birth_place = [[Bijnor]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Aruna Asaf Ali|Aruna Ganguly]]|1928}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1953|4|2|1888|5|11}}
|death_place = [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]
|nationality = [[India]]n
|field =
|work_institution =
|alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|occupation = Lawyer, Activist
|prizes =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Asaf Ali''' (11 May 1888<ref>G. N. S. Raghavan and Asaf Ali (1994) ''M. Asaf Ali's Memoirs: The Emergence of Modern India''. Ajanta. {{ISBN|81-202-0398-4}}. p. 36.</ref> – 2 April 1953) was an [[Indian Independence Movement|Indian independence activist]] and noted lawyer. He was the first [[Indian Ambassador to the United States]]. He also served as the [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor]] of [[Odisha]]. Asaf Ali was born on 11 May 1888 AD in [[Seohara]] town of [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]] district in British India (now [[Uttar Pradesh]], India).

==Education==
Asaf Ali was educated at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] of [[Delhi University]]. He was called to the Bar from [[Lincoln's Inn]] in [[England]].

==Indian National Movement==
In 1914, the British declaration of war against the [[Ottoman Empire]] had a large effect on the Indian Muslim community. Asaf Ali supported the Ottomans and resigned from the [[Privy Council]]. He saw this as an act of non-cooperation and returned to India in December 1914. Upon his return to India, Asaf Ali became heavily involved in the nationalist movement.

He defended [[Bhagat Singh]] and Batukeshwar Dutt, who was accused of throwing a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on April 8, 1929, during the passage of a controversial ordinance.<ref "amritmahotsav1"="">Digital District Repository Detail[https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2012]. </ref>

He was elected to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in 1935 as a member of the [[Muslim Nationalist Party]]. He then became significant as a Congress member and was appointed deputy leader.<ref>[http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/m-asaf-ali M. Asaf Ali {{!}} Making Britain]. Open.ac.uk. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>

The last of several spells of imprisonment which Asaf Ali courted during the freedom movement was in the wake of the 'Quit India' resolution adopted by the All India Congress Committee in August 1942. He was detained at Ahmednagar Fort jail along with Jawaharlal Nehru and other members of the Congress Working Committee.<ref name="indianpost1">[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/A/ASAF%20ALI Asaf Ali]. Indianpost.com (2 April 1953). Retrieved on 2018-12-07.</ref>

==Post 1946==
[[File:Asaf Ali 1949.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ali in 1949]]
[[File:Asaf Ali 1989 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ali on a 1989 stamp of India]]
He was in charge of the [[Railways]] and [[Transport]] in the [[Interim Government of India]] headed by Jawaharlal Nehru from 2 September 1946. He served as the first [[Indian Ambassador to the United States]] from February 1947 to mid-April 1947.

== Post independence ==
Asaf Ali was first Indian Ambassador to United States. He was appointed governor of Odisha for two terms and later, Indian Ambassador to Switzerland.

==Legal career==
Asaf Ali rose to become one of the most respected lawyers in the country.<ref>{{cite journal|volume=1|issue=3|year=2008|url=http://www.indialawjournal.org/archives/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html|journal=India Law Journal|title=The Trial of Bhagat Singh |author=Historical Trials}}</ref> He defended [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] as a lawyer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Asaf Ali Park |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?5508 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

In 1945, Ali came to be the convener of the [[INA defence team]] established by the Congress for the defense of the officers of the Indian National Army charged with treason later in November 1945.<ref>[http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/about/about-the-legal-profession/lawyers-in-the-indian-freedom-movement/ Lawyers in the Indian Freedom Movement « The Bar Council of India]. Barcouncilofindia.org. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>

Bhagat Singh was charged with attempt to murder under section 307 of the Indian Penal Code. Asaf Ali, a member of the Congress Party was his lawyer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Asaf Ali |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2012 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1928, he married [[Aruna Asaf Ali]], a marriage that raised eyebrows on the grounds of religion (Asaf Ali was a [[Muslim]] while Aruna was a [[Hindu]]) and age difference (Aruna was 20 years junior to him). She is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National Congress flag at the [[Gowalia Tank|Gowalia Tank maidan]] in Bombay during the [[Quit India Movement]], 1942. Later Aruna Asaf Ali was honored with India's highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, for her work.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/aruna-asaf-ali-326614-2016-07-29 Aruna Asaf Ali's 20th death anniversary: Some facts about the Grand Old Lady of Independence – Education Today News] . Indiatoday.intoday.in (29 July 2016). Retrieved on 2018-12-07.</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Ali died in office in [[Bern]] on 2 April 1953,<ref>{{cite news |title=Asaf Ali Dead |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OMY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5459%2C1768857 |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 April 1953}}</ref> while serving as India's ambassador to Switzerland. In 1989, [[India Post]] brought out a stamp in his honor.<ref name="indianpost1"/>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Asaf Ali}}
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20031103034234/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/04/03/stories/2003040300610900.htm Asaf Ali – An Obituary]}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Indian Ambassador to the United States]]|before=None|after=[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]|years=1947–1948}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indian National Army}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asaf Ali}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Army trials]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Politicians from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Governors of Odisha]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scholars from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Holy See]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Switzerland]]

Shadab Jakati

2026-02-13T02:02:21Z

MohammedMathieu: fixes

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shadab Jakati
| image = Shadab Jakati in 2016 (01).jpg
| caption= Jakati (centre) in 2016
| country = India
| fullname = Shadab Bashir Jakati
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|11|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], [[Goa]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Slow left-arm orthodox
| role = Bowler

| club1 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| year1 = 1998/99-2018
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| year2 = 2008-2013
| clubnumber2 =
| club3 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| year3 = 2014
| club4 = [[Gujarat Lions]]
| year4 = 2016-2017
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 92
| runs1 = 2,734
| bat avg1 = 22.04
| 100s/50s1 = 1/14
| top score1 = 100[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 19,352
| wickets1 = 275
| bowl avg1 = 32.00
| fivefor1 = 13
| tenfor1 = 3
| best bowling1 = 8/53
| catches/stumpings1 = 52/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 82
| runs2 = 1,104
| bat avg2 = 18.40
| 100s/50s2 = 0/4
| top score2 = 77
| deliveries2 = 3,876
| wickets2 = 93
| bowl avg2 = 35.33
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/61
| catches/stumpings2 = 31/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 91
| runs3 = 185
| bat avg3 = 10.27
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 43
| deliveries3 = 1,781
| wickets3 = 73
| bowl avg3 = 31.23
| fivefor3 = 1
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 5/17
| catches/stumpings3 = 35/–
| date = 27 December 2016
| source = http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29655.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Shadab Bashir Jakati''' (born 27 November 1980) is a former Indian cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a slow left arm orthodox bowler. He represented [[Goa cricket team|Goa]] in first class cricket and also played for [[Chennai Super Kings]], [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], and [[Gujarat Lions]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref>Source [http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29655.html ESPNcricinfo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327141604/http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29655.html# |date=27 March 2009 }}</ref>

== Career ==
Jakati made his first class cricket debut in the 1998/99 season for Goa.

In 2008, Shadab Jakati used the IPL to get out of cricketing obscurity. A left-arm orthodox spinner, Jakati got appreciable turn from the South African pitches and was crucial to Chennai Super Kings' surge in the middle stages of the 2009 tournament.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/dhoni-had-unique-ability-to-inspire-says-former-goa-allrounder-jakati/articleshow/77769618.cms|title=Dhoni had unique ability to inspire, says former Goa allrounder Jakati|website=The Times of India|date=2020-08-26|author=Paresh Mokani|accessdate=2021-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jakati|first=Shadab|title=Shadab Jakati: My favourite IPL moment|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/my-ipl/ipl-2020-uae-sportstar-extras-shadab-jakati-sachin-tendulkar-ms-dhoni-special-story-cricket-news-bowler-chennai-super-kings/article32419186.ece|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Sportstar|date=22 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He claimed four-fors in back-to-back games, a remarkable achievement in twenty overs, to announce himself. He took 13 wickets in the [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010 IPL]] season and was part of the CSK team which emerged as champions for the first time during the 2010 edition of the IPL.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gaur|first=Akshat|title=Shadab Jakati reveals how MS Dhoni's masterplan helped CSK to win maiden IPL title in 2010|url=https://crickettimes.com/2020/05/shadab-jakati-reveals-how-ms-dhonis-masterplan-helped-csk-to-win-maiden-ipl-title-in-2010/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=CricketTimes.com|date=27 May 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=How MS Dhoni used Shadab Jakati to dismiss Sachin Tendulkar and helped CSK clinch first IPL title|url=https://scroll.in/field/963115/how-ms-dhoni-used-shadab-jakati-to-dismiss-sachin-tendulkar-and-helped-csk-clinch-first-ipl-title|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Scroll.in|date=28 May 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2014, he was purchased by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], but only played one game in the season; against his former team CSK. He played for the [[Gujarat Lions]] in the 2017 season before entering politics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samyal |first1=Sanjeev K |title=Goa's Shadab Jakati: Latest cricketer to enter the political arena |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/goa-s-shadab-jakati-latest-cricketer-to-enter-the-political-arena/story-RBtS6xNWnDuPhZwI1M22RN.html |accessdate=2020-10-07 |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref> He had played his last first class match in October 2017 and he announced his retirement from playing cricket on 28 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2019-12-27|title=Shadab Jakati quits all forms of cricket|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/shadab-jakati-quits-all-forms-of-cricket/article30414124.ece|access-date=2020-11-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=Over & Out: What happens to bright young IPL stars, once the heroics fade?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/over-out-what-happens-to-bright-young-ipl-stars-once-the-heroics-fade/story-MK5ZePKS7TQ4f7XFK4FePN.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

He was appointed as the director of cricket operations of the Colombo Kings franchise ahead of the [[2020 Lanka Premier League]].<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goas-jakati-gets-gets-role-with-colombo-kings/articleshow/78795908.cms|title=Goa's Jakati gets role with Colombo Kings {{pipe}} Goa News|website=The Times of India|date=2020-10-21|author=Paresh Mokani|accessdate=2021-01-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=29655}}
* [http://www.royalchallengers.com/shadab-jakati Shadab Jakati - RoyalChallengers]
* {{Twitter}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jakati, Shadab}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Goa cricketers]]
[[Category:India Green cricketers]]
[[Category:South Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Vasco da Gama, Goa]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Gujarat Lions cricketers]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru cricketers]]
[[Category:Goa Forward Party politicians]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

Taruna Madan Gupta

2026-02-12T03:13:02Z

MohammedMathieu: post

{{short description|Indian scientist}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Resume-like|date=December 2022}}
{{Prose|date=December 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Taruna Madan Gupta
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Taruna Madan Gupta
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| field = [[Innate immunology]], Biological Sciences
| work_institution = [[National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health]], NIRRH-ICMR
| alma_mater = [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]], [[Medical Research Council (UK)]]
| doctoral_advisor = Dr. P. Usha Sarma
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Aspergillosis]] and [[innate immunity]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| prizes = {{ubl
| Indo-US Wiestemm WIS Fellowship 2019
| CSIR Young Scientist Award & INSA Young Scientist Award
}}
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}

'''Taruna Madan Gupta''' ({{langx|hi|तरुना मदान गुप्ता}}) (Taruna Gupta), born on 14 May 1968 in [[New Delhi]], is an Indian scientist F and Head of the Department of Innate Immunity<ref>{{cite web|title=Lab web page of Dr. Taruna M. Gupta|url=http://www.nirrh.res.in/staff/scientific/DrTaruna_resume.htm|access-date=23 August 2011|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613131505/http://www.nirrh.res.in/staff/scientific/DrTaruna_resume.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Taruna M. Gupta on ICMR web site|url=http://www.icmr.nic.in/icmrsql/biodata.asp?expno=00011815}}</ref> at the [[National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health]] (NIRRH) in [[Mumbai]], [[India]]. She has extensively worked on [[Aspergillosis]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Breakthrough in Allergy Treatment|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/11/stories/2004011102901000.htm | location=Chennai, India | date=11 January 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]]| accessdate=2 February 2019 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and Lung Surfactant Proteins (SP-A, SP-D), with her research now more focused on role of Innate Immunity in host-pathogen interactions.

==Education and personal life==
*[[Bachelor of Pharmacy]] (B.Pharm.) (year 1989, Gold Medallist) - Delhi Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (DIPER), [[University of Delhi]]
*[[Master of Pharmacy]] (M.Pharm.) (year 1991, Gold Medallist) - Delhi Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (DIPER), [[University of Delhi]]
*[[Ph.D.]] - Jointly with Delhi Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (DIPER), [[University of Delhi]] and [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] (IGIB), [[New Delhi]].

Taruna is married to Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta ''Ph.D''. who is an accomplished professional in the area of Medical Device and In Vitro Diagnostic Devices (IVD) and Founder of PUNJ (Psoriasis Undone for New Joy) in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta on Max Healthcare|url=https://www.maxhealthcare.in/doctor/dr-sanjeev-kumar-gupta}}</ref> They have one son, Urit Gupta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/first-support-group-started-by-patients/story-cDi1rNj1J2YCls0i2FtRrN.html|date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

==Professional life==
* Post-doctoral research on "Role of lung collections in genetic predisposition to aspergillosis" as Senior Research Associate at [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] (IGIB) ([[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], CSIR), Delhi, India.
* Doctoral and post-doctoral research at [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]] (MRC) Immunochemistry Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (July 1996 - September 1996 and July 2000 - September 2000).
* Scientist "C" <ref>{{cite web|title=Dr Taruna M. Gupta as scientist in IGIB, Delhi|url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/aboutcsir/lab_phone/igib.htm}}</ref> in Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department, [[Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology]] (IGIB) ([[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], CSIR), Delhi, India (2002–2007)
*Scientist "F" at NIRRH since 2018

==Publications and patents==
Taruna M. Gupta is a contributing author on over 100 peer-reviewed journal articles, and has been cited over 3000 times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Publications of Dr. Taruna M. Gupta on Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SO3HesYAAAAJ&hl=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Publications of Dr. Taruna M. Gupta on Pubmed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=madan%20t}}</ref> Most of these articles concern the research of fungal [[aspergilosis]] and lung [[surfactant]] proteins.

She has three patents concerning the identification and treatment of aspergilli.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patents listing of IGIB|url=http://www.igib.res.in/pme/patents.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Patents of Dr. Taruna M. Gupta|url=http://www.patentgenius.com/inventedby/MadanTarunaDelhiIN.html}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
* Received Indo-US Wistemm WIS Fellowship (IUSSTF) (2018). Under fellowship work was done at Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
*Young Women Bioscientist award from [[Indian Science Congress Association]] (2004).
* [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) Young Scientist Award<ref>{{cite web|title=CSIR Young Scientist Award, Year 2003|url=http://www.csir.res.in/csir/external/heads/aboutcsir/annual_report/2003-2004/bio_science.htm}}</ref> (Category -Life Sciences) (Year 2003).
* [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA) Young Scientist Medal Award (Category -Medical Sciences) (Year 1998).

'''Product Development:''' Developed ELISA kits for detection of Aspergillosis in serum under DBT Task Force

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Taruna Madan}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Indian women biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]

President's Bodyguard (India)

2026-02-10T14:23:19Z

MohammedMathieu: Started A Page - done

{{Short description|Elite household cavalry regiment of the Indian Army}}
{{About|an Indian military unit|the Pakistani military unit with the same name|President's Bodyguard (Pakistan)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = President's Bodyguard
| image =
| caption = Crest of The President's Bodyguard
| dates = 1773 – present
| country = {{flag|Republic of India}}
| allegiance = [[India]]
| branch = {{army|India}}
| type = [[Household cavalry]]
| role = Ceremonial during peace; Armoured reconnaissance & parachute pathfinders during war.
| size = 222 (4 officers, 20 [[Junior Commissioned Officer|JCOs]] & 198 soldiers)<ref name="Nath2009">{{cite book|last=Nath|first=Ashok|title=Izzat: historical records and iconography of Indian cavalry regiments, 1750-2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGQeQwAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research, United Service Institution of India|isbn=978-81-902097-7-9|pages=542–543}}</ref>
| command_structure = [[50th Parachute Brigade (India)|50th Parachute Brigade]]
| equipment = [[BTR-80]]

| Past Commanders =
| ceremonial_chief = [[President of India]]
| commander1 = [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Amit Berwal<ref>{{cite web|title= President Droupadi Murmu presented President’s Standard of Bodyguard and Regimental Standard to President’s Bodyguard at its Sestercentennial celebrations held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The President expressed confidence that PBG will maintain the best traditions of Indian Army with…|url=https://twitter.com/rashtrapatibhvn/status/1725154308348367051?t=Rg4z6UHA_xIe9mMsDv4ghA&s=19|year=2023|publisher=President of India}}</ref>
| commander1_label = Colonel of the regiment
| notable_commanders = 
| identification_symbol = PBG
| identification_symbol_2_label = Abbreviation

| nickname =
| patron =
| motto = ''Bharat Mata Ki Jai'' (Victory to Mother India)<ref name="Nath2009"/>
| colors =
| march = ''[[Sare Jahan se Accha]]''<ref name="Nath2009"/>
| mascot =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
}}

The '''President's Bodyguard''' ('''PBG''') is an elite [[household cavalry]] [[regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]. It is the senior-most regiment in the [[order of precedence]] of the units of the Indian Army. The primary role of the President's Bodyguard is to escort and protect the [[President of India]]. The regiment is based in the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]], [[India]]. It is equipped as a mounted unit, with horses for ceremonies at the presidential palace and [[BTR-80]] vehicles for use in combat.

The personnel of the regiment are also trained as paratroopers and nominally are expected to lead in airborne assaults as [[Pathfinder (military)|pathfinders]]. The regiment was previously the [[Governor General's Bodyguard]] of the [[British Raj]].

==History==
{{Main|Governor General's Bodyguard}} {{See also|President's Bodyguard (Pakistan)}}

[[File:President's bodyguard.webm|thumb|President's bodyguard's on their routine exercise]]
The President's Bodyguard was previously the Governor General's Bodyguard of the [[Presidency armies]] and the [[British Indian Army]]. The Governor-General's Bodyguard was raised in September 1773 by Governor-General [[Warren Hastings]] from a handpicked 50 troopers of the Moghal Horse, itself raised in 1760 by local sirdars. In the same year, [[Maharaja Chait Singh]] of [[Benares State|Benares]] provided another 50 troopers, raising the strength of the unit to 100. The first commander of the unit was Captain Sweeny Toone, an officer of the East India Company, who had Lieutenant Samuel Black as his [[Subaltern (military)|subaltern]].

{{external media
| float = right
| width = 200px
| video1 = ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yCTAsatnC4 The President's Bodyguard]'', a 2018 documentary film by [[National Geographic]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Roy |first=Robin |title=The President's Bodyguard |date=2018-08-15 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9020400/ |type=Documentary |access-date=2023-12-12 |others=Amitabh Bachchan |publisher=India Noida, NGC Network, National Geographic}}</ref>
}}
During the [[Partition of India]], [[British Indian Army]] was divided 2:1 between the Dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. Muslim personnel of the regiment were transferred to the [[Pakistan Army]] to form the Governor General's Bodyguard in Pakistan. The rest of the regiment, comprising the Sikhs, Jats and Rajputs remained with the [[Indian Army]]. The Viceroy's gold-plated buggy was coveted by both India and Pakistan. Its fate was decided by a coin toss between Colonel Thakur Govind Singh (India) and Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (Pakistan) and India won the buggy.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=2022-06-22 |title=Droupadi Murmu gives traditional buggy a miss during swearing-in ceremony: A look back at its glorious history |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/droupadi-murmu-gives-traditional-buggy-a-miss-during-swearing-in-ceremony-a-look-back-at-its-glorious-history-10957741.html |work=Firstpost |location=India |access-date=2023-06-05}}</ref>

On January 27, 1950, the [[regiment]] was renamed the '''President’s Bodyguard'''.
<ref>https://www.presidentofindia.gov.in/press_releases/president-india-presents-presidents-standard-bodyguard-and-regimental-standard</ref>

===Names===
The name of the regiment has changed throughout its history:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Name
|-
| 1773 || Governor's Troop of Moghuls
|-
| 1784 || Governor-General's Bodyguard
|-
| 1859 || Viceroy's Body Guard
|-
| 1944 || 44th Divisional Reconnaissance Squadron
|-
| 1946 || Governor-General's Bodyguard
|-
| 1950 || President's Bodyguard
|}

===Strength and ethnic composition===
The President's Bodyguard is open to only [[Jats]], [[Rajputs]] and [[Jat Sikh]] castes which are taken in equal numbers 33.3 percent from the states of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.<ref name="firstpost.com">{{Cite web|title=Only three castes may apply to join the President's Bodyguard, but army still alleges there's no caste bias|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/only-three-castes-may-apply-to-join-the-presidents-bodyguard-but-army-still-alleges-theres-no-caste-bias-5821061.html|access-date=3 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="Nath2009">{{cite book|last=Nath|first=Ashok|title=Izzat: historical records and iconography of Indian cavalry regiments, 1750-2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGQeQwAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research, United Service Institution of India|isbn=978-81-902097-7-9|pages=542–543}}</ref> The basic height requirement for enlistment is {{convert|1.84|m}}.<ref name="Nath2009"/> The regiment also has an operational role and has small unit on rotation to high altitude area, such as, Siachin, East Ladakh and Sikkim. The NCOs, JCOs and Officers of the regiment are trained tank-man, paratroopers, and horse-riders. There are 100 horses in the regiment.

===Battle honours===
The President's Bodyguard has inherited the following [[battle honours]]:<ref name='Sarbans'>{{cite book |title=Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757 - 1971 |last=Singh |first=Sarbans |year=1993 |publisher=Vision Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7094-115-6 }}</ref>
* Java
* Ava
* Maharajpoor
* Moodkee
* Ferozeshah
* Aliwal
* Sobraon

all of which, except for "Java", are considered to be [[Repugnant battle honours of the Indian Army|repugnant]] and cannot be carried on [[regimental colours]].

==Operational history==
The President's Bodyguard has seen action in all of independent India's major wars. It rendered yeoman service in the capital and helped reinstate confidence in the general public in the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]].

After independence, [[Humber Armoured Car|Humber]] and [[Daimler Armoured Car|Daimler]] [[armored car (military)|armoured cars]] formed the mounts of the regiment and were deployed in the defense of [[Chushul]] at heights above 14,000 ft during the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]].<ref name="Bhat2011">{{cite web |url=http://salute.co.in/details.php?id=560 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140329152201/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:fqIqzeDmkXwJ:salute.co.in/details.php%3Fid%3D560+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in%23.UzblCX3LfK4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2014 |title=A Tryst with India's History |last1=Bhat |first1=Anil |year=2011 |work=Salute magazine |access-date=29 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="PBG">{{cite web |title=The President's Bodyguard |url=http://presidentofindia.gov.in/presidents_body_guard.html |date=2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325065149/http://presidentofindia.gov.in/presidents_body_guard.html |archive-date=25 March 2014 |website=The President of India |publisher=The President's Secretariat, Government of India |access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref>

The regiment participated in Operation Ablaze in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. The regiment served in [[Siachen glacier]], where it has been serving till date with a section (6-20 troops) led by a JCO. A detachment of the regiment was a part of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] (IPKF) to Sri Lanka during 1988–89, and Indian contingents to the UN Peace Keeping Forces in Somalia, Angola and Sierra Leone.

==Standards, guidons & banners==
Each successive viceroy presented a banner to the Bodyguard upon assuming office; the banners of previous viceroys being kept in the custody of the regiment. The practice continues in effect until the present day with each [[President of India]] presenting a silver trumpet to the regiment - although the coat-of-arms of the Viceroy is replaced by the monogram of the President.

{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=220|caption_align=center
| align = right
|image_style = border:none;
|background color =
| title =
| image1 = Stamp of India - 1973 - Colnect 372309 - Bicentenary President’s Body Guard.jpeg
| image2 = Stamp of India - 1998 - Colnect 161887 - 225th anniv of the President s Bodyguard cavalry regiment.jpeg
| footer = [[India Post]] stamps dedicated to President's Bodyguard
}}
The first trumpet with banner of the President was presented by [[Rajendra Prasad]] on 14 May 1957. It had a maroon background with the emblem and crest in gold thread. The design incorporated the initials of Rajendra Prasad in [[Devanagri]] script in the centre and four emblems in gold in all four corners of the banner, from the [[Presidential Standard of India]]. Prasad's personal standard was presented to the regiment on 18 January 1958 by the President himself. In November 1958, President Prasad presented a new Regimental Standard to the regiment, the previous Regimental Standard having been laid up after India became a republic. The old regimental standard rests in the Regiment Officer's mess.

The second president of India, [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] presented his banner to the regiment on 21 October 1962. His banner, with a grey background with emblem and crest in gold thread, incorporated his initials in Devanagari script in the center and four emblems in gold in the four corners, from the presidential standard. The new President's Standard of the Body Guard and the Regimental Standard were awarded by President Radhakrishnan on 11 November 1963. The Regimental Standard is dark blue in colour with the regimental crest in the centre surrounded by lotus flowers and Ashoka leaves. Five scrolls on either side of the crest record the regiment's Battle Honours and the standard bears the motto "Bharat Mata ki Jai".

==Present status==
[[File:The President of India, Smt.Droupadi Murmu arrives at Parliament House, in New Delhi on January 31, 2024.jpg|thumb|President's bodyguard guard [[President of India]] visiting Parliament House]]
In 2003, the President's Bodyguard had an establishment of 7 officers, 15 JCOs, and 140 enlisted men, for a total strength of 180. Throughout its history, the Bodyguard has varied in size from 50 men, when first raised, to 1,929 men in 1845. However, since 1950, it has usually around [[Squadron (army)|squadron]] size, or about 130 men.

By tradition, the commanding officer has always been a [[brigadier]] or colonel. Recruitment to the regiment in India is now 1/3 each from [[Jat Sikh|Sikh Jat]]s, [[Jat people|Hindu Jat]]s, and [[Rajput]]s, with officers and administrative staff from all over India.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmFwBgAAQBAJ&dq=jat+sikh+rajput+president%27s+bodyguard&pg=PT157|title=Army and Nation: The Military and Indian Democracy since Independence|last=Wilkinson|first=Steven I.|publisher=Harvard University Press|year= 2015|isbn=9780674967007|access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gautam|first=PK|title= Indigenous Historical Knowledge: Kautilya and His Vocabulary, Volume III|date=2016|publisher= IDSA/Pentagon Press |isbn= 978-81-8274-909-2|page=153}}</ref><ref name="firstpost.com"/> Its current commanding officer is Colonel Amit Berwal and the second-in-command is Lieutenant Colonel Angad Singh Thind.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Indian President`s Bodyguard at Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|Guard-changing ceremony outside the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (President's House)
File:Presidents' Body Guard.jpg|President's Bodyguard in summer ceremonial uniforms during changing of the guard
File:PBG (my own photo).JPG|President's Bodyguard coming out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan in their winter ceremonial dress
File:Col T S Mundi.jpg|Colonel T. S. Mundi, then commandant of the regiment, during full-dress rehearsal on 23 January 2013
File:Major Amit Bharadwaj.jpg|Major Amit Bhardwaj moving towards forecourt of Rashtrapati Bhavan during full dress rehearsal on 23 January 2013
File:LtColMahenderSingh-1.JPG|Lt. Col. Mahender Singh (former [[second-in-command]] of the regiment) in summer ceremonial uniform
</gallery>

== Commandants ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Chhina |first1=Rana |last2=Khanna |first2=Dinesh |url=http://archive.org/details/rightoflinepresi0000unse |title=Right of the Line: The President's Bodyguard |date=2015 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-230-2003-7}}</ref>
! Rank and Name
! Parent Regiment
! From
! To
|-
| 1 || Captain Sweny Toone || – || 1773 || 27 Jan 1777
|-
| 2 || Major H. Briscoe || – || 27 Jan 1777 || 6 Apr 1778
|-
| 3 || Captain W. Palmer || 3 Native Infantry || 6 Apr 1778 || 30 Apr 1782
|-
| 4 || Lieutenant T. Polhill || 1 Native Infantry || 30 Apr 1782 || 4 Jul 1782
|-
| 5 || Lieutenant S. Turner || 12 Native Infantry || 4 Jul 1782 || 18 Mar 1799
|-
| 6 || Captain C. Fraser || 7 Bengal Native Cavalry || 18 Mar 1799 || 15 Apr 1800
|-
| 7 || Captain H.C. Montgomery || Madras Establishment || 15 Apr 1800 || 1 Sep 1802
|-
| 8 || Major F.A. Daniell || Madras Establishment || 1 Sep 1802 || Feb 1806
|-
| 9 || Captain G.H. Gall || 8 Bengal Native Cavalry || Feb 1806 || 21 Jun 1818
|-
| 10 || Captain W.H. Rainey || 4 Bengal Light Cavalry || 21 Jun 1818 || 14 Oct 1820
|-
| 11 || Captain R.H. Sneyd || 1 Bengal Cavalry || 14 Oct 1820 || 3 Mar 1827
|-
| 12 || Major E.J. Honywood || 7 Light Cavalry || 3 Mar 1827 || 3 Apr 1834
|-
| 13 || Captain C.D. Dawkins || 2 Light Cavalry || 3 Apr 1834 || 18 Dec 1845
|-
| 14 || Captain T. Quin || 4 Light Cavalry || 18 Dec 1845 || 25 Jun 1846
|-
| 15 || Lieutenant E.G. Crossman || 45 Native Infantry || 25 Jun 1846 || 16 Jan 1847
|-
| 16 || [[William Mayne (officer)|Major W. Mayne]]|| 37 Native Infantry || 16 Jan 1847 || 11 Apr 1851
|-
| 17 || Major W.A.A. Thomson || 9 Light Cavalry / 4 Bengal European Cavalry || 12 Apr 1851 || 4 Mar 1862
|-
| 18 || Colonel G. Delane || 6 Light Cavalry || 4 Mar 1862 || 13 Nov 1874
|-
| 19 || Major H.P. Peacock || 3rd European Light Cavalry || 13 Nov 1874 || 9 Jan 1878
|-
| 20 || Major G.C. Jackson || 2nd Bengal European Cavalry || 9 Jan 1878 || 13 Dec 1883
|-
| 21 || Captain C.W. Muir || 6 Bengal Cavalry || 13 Dec 1883 || 6 Jan 1889
|-
| 22 || Captain R.C. Onslow || 10 Bengal Lancers || 7 Jan 1889 || 7 Jan 1894
|-
| 23 || Major J.G. Turner || 4 Cavalry || 7 Jan 1894 || 21 Jul 1898
|-
| 24 || Major R.E. Grimston || 6 King Edward’s Own Cavalry || 21 Jul 1898 || 2 Mar 1904
|-
| 25 || Captain H.N. Holden || 5 Cavalry || 2 Mar 1904 || 2 Mar 1909
|-
| 26 || Lieutenant V.A.S. Keighley || 18 PWO Tiwana Lancers || 2 Mar 1909 || 1 Apr 1915
|-
| 27 || Captain W.A.S. de Gale || 22 Cavalry || 1 Apr 1915 || 16 Jun 1917
|-
| 28 || Captain A. Brooke || 18 PWO Tiwana Lancers || 16 Jun 1917 || 5 May 1922
|-
| 29 || [[Eric G. Atkinson|Major E.G. Atkinson]]|| 15 Lancers || 5 May 1922 || 13 Sep 1927
|-
| 30 || Major M.D. Vigors, DSO, MC || Hodson’s Horse || 13 Sep 1927 || 29 May 1931
|-
| 31 || Captain W.R.B. Peel || 19 Lancers || 29 May 1931 || 4 Oct 1936
|-
| 32 || Major H.I. Mostyn-Owen || 19 Lancers || 4 Oct 1936 || 20 Oct 1943
|-
| 33 || Major J.R.L. Tweed || IAC || 20 Oct 1943 || 18 Dec 1945
|-
| 34 || Major P. Massey, MC || Baluch Regiment || 18 Dec 1945 || 31 Dec 1947
|-
| 35 || [[Govind Singh (colonel)|Major Thakur Govind Singh]]|| 61 Cavalry || 31 Dec 1947 || 24 Sep 1950
|-
| 36 || Major S.K. Bharat Singh || 2 Lancers || 25 Sep 1950 || 27 Apr 1954
|-
| 37 || Major S.G. Srinivasan || 1 Horse || 28 Apr 1954 || 14 Jul 1957
|-
| 38 || Major Mohammad Mirza || 61 Cavalry || 1 Aug 1957 || 15 Nov 1962
|-
| 39 || Major S.K. Pudumjee || 1 Horse || 16 Nov 1962 || 11 Oct 1966
|-
| 40 || Major Surat Singh || 1 Horse || 12 Oct 1966 || 7 Sep 1971
|-
| 41 || Major P.K. Mehra || 61 Cavalry || 8 Sep 1971 || 24 Apr 1975
|-
| 42 || [[V. P. Singh (Brigadier)|Major V.P. Singh]]|| 61 Cavalry || 25 Apr 1975 || 22 Sep 1980
|-
| 43 || [[H. S. Sodhi|Colonel H.S. Sodhi, VSM]]|| 61 Cavalry || 23 Sep 1980 || 30 Sep 1987
|-
| 44 || Colonel M.S. Sandhu || 82 Armoured Regiment || 14 Apr 1988 || 8 Jan 1991
|-
| 45 || Colonel Aditya Singh || 9 Horse || 9 Jan 1991 || 21 Jun 1994
|-
| 46 || Colonel D.C. Katoch || 76 Armoured Regiment || 22 Jun 1994 || 28 Oct 1995
|-
| 47 || Colonel K.M.S. Shergill || 17 Horse || 29 Oct 1995 || 4 Oct 1999
|-
| 48 || Colonel G.S. Malhi || 5 Armoured Regiment || 5 Oct 1999 || 19 Jul 2002
|-
| 49 || Colonel Bhawani Singh|| 61 Cavalry || 20 Jul 2002 || 30 Aug 2005
|-
| 50 || Colonel A.A. Mahmood, VSM || 16 Cavalry || 31 Aug 2005 || 20 Nov 2008
|-
| 51 || Colonel A. Bhanot || 89 Armoured Regiment || 21 Nov 2008 || 23 Jun 2011
|-
| 52 || Colonel T.S. Mundi || 46 Armoured Regiment || 24 Jun 2011 || 23 Mar 2015
|-
| 53 || Colonel Dhiraj Chengappa || 1 Horse || 24 Mar 2015 || –
|}

== Adjutants ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No<ref name=":0" />
! Rank and Name
! Parent Regiment
! From
! To
|-
| 1 || Lieutenant W. Mercer || 2 Bengal Native Cavalry || 1784 || 1796
|-
| 2 || Captain H.C. Montgomery || Madras Establishment || 1799 || 1800
|-
| 3 || Lieutenant F.A. Daniell || 4 Madras Native Cavalry || 15 Apr 1800 || 1 Sep 1802
|-
| 4 || Lieutenant G.H. Gall || 8 Bengal Native Cavalry || 1 Sep 1802 || 13 Mar 1806
|-
| 5 || Lieutenant W.G.A. Fielding || 7 Bengal Native Cavalry || 13 Mar 1806 || 15 Feb 1812
|-
| 6 || Lieutenant C.S. Waring || 7 Bengal Native Cavalry || 15 Feb 1812 || 1813
|-
| 7 || Cornet G.J. Shadwell || 2 Bengal Native Cavalry || 14 May 1813 || 27 Jan 1821
|-
| 8 || Lieutenant H.L. Worrall || 1 Bengal Light Cavalry || 27 Jan 1821 || 1 Sep 1825
|-
| 9 || Lieutenant J.D. Dyke || 4 Bengal Light Cavalry || 6 May 1825 || 9 Sep 1825
|-
| 10 || Lieutenant C.D. Dawkins || 2 Light Cavalry || 9 Sep 1825 || 3 Mar 1827
|-
| 11 || Lieutenant W. Wingfield || 10 Bengal Light Cavalry || 23 Mar 1827 || 15 Nov 1831
|-
| 12 || Lieutenant J. Hamilton || 9 Bengal Light Cavalry || 15 Nov 1831 || 3 Apr 1834
|-
| 13 || Lieutenant J.A.D. Fergusson || 6 Light Cavalry || 17 Jun 1834 || 20 Dec 1842
|-
| 14 || Lieutenant W. Mayne || 37 Native Infantry / Bengal Irregular Cavalry || 20 Dec 1842 || 10 Feb 1844
|-
| 15 || Lieutenant N.B. Chamberlain || 16 Native Infantry || 10 Feb 1844 || 13 Mar 1845
|-
| 16 || Lieutenant W. Fisher || 10 Light Cavalry || 13 Mar 1845 || 18 Dec 1845
|-
| 17 || Lieutenant T.T. Tucker || 8 Bengal Light Cavalry || 7 Jan 1846 || 5 Mar 1846
|-
| 18 || Lieutenant G.D. Pakenham || 4 Bengal Light Cavalry || 5 Mar 1846 || 12 Apr 1851
|-
| 19 || Lieutenant H.A.I. Ellis || 1 Bengal Light Cavalry || 12 Apr 1851 || 4 Jun 1852
|-
| 20 || Lieutenant H. Durrant || 5 Light Cavalry || 4 Jun 1852 || 11 Apr 1853
|-
| 21 || Lieutenant H.P. Peacock || 3 Bengal European Cavalry || 6 Oct 1859 || 3 Mar 1862
|-
| 22 || Lieutenant H.B. Lockwood || 4 European Light Cavalry || 11 Mar 1862 || 12 Feb 1863
|-
| 23 || Lieutenant T.F.C. Rochfort || 4 Bengal European Cavalry || 12 Feb 1863 || 20 Dec 1864
|-
| 24 || Lieutenant W.A. Lawrence || 21 Hussars || 20 Dec 1864 || 2 Mar 1869
|-
| 25 || Lieutenant T. Deane || 21 Hussars || 20 Jan 1868 || 2 Mar 1869
|-
| 26 || Captain C.W. Muir || 6 Bengal Cavalry || 19 Jan 1877 || 18 Oct 1878
|-
| 27 || Lieutenant D.A.W. Thuillier || 17 Bengal Cavalry || 22 Oct 1878 || 13 Jun 1881
|-
| 28 || Lieutenant R.C. Onslow || 10 Bengal Lancers || 24 Jun 1881 || 9 Apr 1886
|-
| 29 || Lieutenant J.G. Turner || 4 Cavalry || 9 Apr 1886 || 26 Mar 1891
|-
| 30 || Lieutenant R.E. Grimston || 6 King Edward’s Own Cavalry || 9 Apr 1891 || 24 May 1893
|-
| 31 || [[William Birdwood|Lieutenant W.R. Birdwood]]|| 11 Bengal Lancers || 24 May 1893 || 21 Nov 1898
|-
| 32 || Captain I.G. White || 16 Bengal Cavalry || 21 Nov 1898 || 26 Mar 1900
|-
| 33 || Lieutenant G.N. Hood || Central India Horse || 26 Mar 1900 || 1 Oct 1900
|-
| 34 || Captain H.N. Holden || 5 Cavalry || 26 Oct 1900 || 1 Mar 1904
|-
| 35 || Captain V.A.S. Keighley || 18 PWO Tiwana Lancers || 28 Apr 1904 || 2 Mar 1909
|-
| 36 || Captain V.C.P. Hodson || 10 Hodson’s Horse || 2 Mar 1909 || 15 Apr 1913
|-
| 37 || Captain I.R.V. Shirston || 11 King Edward’s Own Lancers || 16 Apr 1913 || 17 Apr 1917
|-
| 38 || Captain E.V.F. Seymour || 9 Hodson’s Horse || 9 Sep 1918 || 3 Jan 1919
|-
| 39 || Captain G.B. Harvey || 5 Cavalry || 11 Mar 1919 || 1922
|-
| 40 || Captain R.T. Lawrence, MC || 4 Hodson’s Horse || 1922 || 1925
|-
| 41 || Captain A.I.B. Anderson || 15 Lancers || 1925 || 1927
|-
| 42 || Captain H.I. Mostyn Owen || 19 Lancers || 1927 || 7 Jan 1928
|-
| 43 || Captain J.W. Davidson, MC || Probyn’s Horse || 7 Jan 1928 || 14 Oct 1930
|-
| 44 || Captain W.R.B. Peel || 19 Lancers || 14 Oct 1930 || 5 Jun 1931
|-
| 45 || Captain T.G. Atherton || Royal Deccan Horse || 5 Jun 1931 || 5 Jun 1935
|-
| 46 || Captain C.R. Budgen || 3 Cavalry || 5 Jun 1935 || 6 Mar 1939
|-
| 47 || Captain R.G. Hammer || 21 Prince Albert Victor’s Own Cavalry || 25 Feb 1943 || 5 Jan 1946
|-
| 48 || Lieutenant P.A.O. Marriot || 21 Prince Albert Victor’s Own Cavalry || 25 Feb 1943 || 5 Jan 1946
|-
| 49 || Captain H.C. Badhwar, MBE || 3 Cavalry || 23 Feb 1946 || 31 Oct 1946
|-
| 50 || [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Captain S. Mohammad Yakub Khan]]|| 18 Cavalry || 13 Nov 1946 || 17 Nov 1947
|-
| 51 || Captain K.G.S. Bedi || Skinner’s Horse || 17 Nov 1947 || 18 Aug 1948
|-
| 52 || Captain S.K. Bharat Singh || 2 Lancers || 1 Nov 1948 || 24 Sep 1950
|-
| 53 || Captain S.G. Srinivasan || 1 Horse || 4 Jan 1951 || 27 May 1954
|-
| 54 || [[Bhawani Singh|Captain M.K. Bhawani Singh]]|| 3 Cavalry || 3 May 1954 || 21 Nov 1962
|-
| 55 || Captain H.S. Sodhi || 61 Cavalry || 22 Nov 1962 || 22 May 1966
|-
| 56 || Captain R.K.S. Kalaan || 61 Cavalry || 23 May 1966 || 22 Dec 1969
|-
| 57 || Captain T.S. Shergill || 9 Horse || 23 Jun 1969 || 16 Dec 1971
|-
| 58 || Captain Bijendra Singh || 14 Horse || 18 Feb 1972 || 24 May 1975
|-
| 59 || Captain Aditya Singh || 9 Horse || 25 May 1975 || 25 Jun 1978
|-
| 60 || Captain Hardeep Singh || 17 Horse || 1 Jul 1978 || 5 Dec 1982
|-
| 61 || Captain P.S. Bedi || 83 Armoured Regiment || 6 Dec 1982 || 26 Mar 1987
|-
| 62 || Major Rakesh Passi || 12 Armoured Regiment || 27 Mar 1987 || 1 Apr 1990
|-
| 63 || Major Y.K. Singh || 61 Cavalry || 2 Apr 1990 || 13 Aug 1992
|-
| 64 || Major A.A. Mahmood || 16 Cavalry || 14 Aug 1992 || 5 Jun 1995
|-
| 65 || Major Bhawani Singh|| 61 Cavalry || 6 Jun 1995 || 23 Aug 1998
|-
| 66 || Major S.S. Rathore || 61 Cavalry || 24 Aug 1998 || 5 Sep 2001
|-
| 67 || Major Bhanu Pratap Singh || 51 Armoured Regiment || 6 Sep 2001 || 3 Mar 2004
|-
| 68 || Lieutenant Colonel Sanjay Bhatia || 49 Armoured Regiment || 4 Mar 2004 || 18 Feb 2008
|-
| 69 || Lieutenant Colonel Ravinder Narwal, SM || 46 Armoured Regiment || 19 Feb 2008 || 26 Jun 2010
|-
| 70 || Lieutenant Colonel Mahendra Singh || 2 Lancers || 27 Jun 2010 || 29 May 2012
|-
| 71 || Lieutenant Colonel Amit Bhardwaj || 52 Armoured Regiment || 30 May 2012 || –
|}

== See also ==
* [[Tri-Services Guard of Honour (India)]]
* [[Samman Guard]]
* [[President Guard Regiment]] (Bangladesh)
* [[President's Bodyguard (Pakistan)]]
* [[Household Cavalry]] (United Kingdom)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|President's Bodyguard}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100304223022/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Units/Infantry/219-PBG.html The President's Bodyguard]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3666675.ece The PBG Man Wins Medal]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/18/stories/2010071857820300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723002144/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/18/stories/2010071857820300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2010|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Archive News|date=18 July 2010|access-date=27 September 2018}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/bodyguard-shows-his-mettle/647692/|title=Bodyguard shows his mettle|website=The Indian Express|access-date=27 September 2018}}
*{{cite web|url=http://epaper.indianexpress.com/9651/Indian-Express/11-August-2011?show=clip#page=25:w=760:h=479:l=3:t=1729|website=epaper.indianexpress.com|title=Delhi, 11 August, 2011 :DigitalEdition|access-date=27 September 2018}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39eCTTLNZWw The President's Bodyguard documentary]

{{Indian Army Armoured Corps |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Protective security units]]
[[Category:Armoured and cavalry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:Guards regiments]]
[[Category:Indian ceremonial units]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1950]]

Bindass

2026-02-05T15:13:07Z

MohammedMathieu: updated page

{{Short description|Defunct Hindi television channel in India (2007-2025)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Bindass
| logo = Bindass_tv_channel.png
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2007|9|24|df=y}}|
| closed_date = {{End date and age|2025|3|15|df=y}}
| former_names = UTV Bindass (2007-2012)
| picture_format = [[720p]] [[SDTV]]
| owner = [[Disney Star]]
| sister_channels = [[Disney Star#Owned channels|Disney Star channels]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], India
| type = [[Television channel]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''Bindass''' was an Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi language music]] [[pay television|pay television channel]] owned by [[JioStar|Disney Star]]. Originally launched as a youth channel, it was a more dedicated music channel. Bindass was discontinued on 15 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documentation & Support - JioStar {{!}} Explore User Guides |url=https://www.jiostar.com/documentation/ |access-date= |website=Jiostar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Akansha |title=JioStar shuts 9 channels including Comedy Central; introduces 8 new sports channels |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/television/jiostar-shuts-9-channels-including-comedy-central-introduces-8-new-sports-channels-8727716 |access-date= |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[UTV Software Communications]] launched Bindass as a youth-oriented entertainment channel on 24 September 2007 along with movie channel Bindass Movies (which was later rebranded as UTV Action in 2010). Initial programming consisted of a sitcoms ''Sun Yaar Chill Maar'' and ''Lagegi'', action series ''Shakira - The End of Evil'', ''3rd Degree'' with [[Ugesh Sarcar]] and six international shows ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]'', ''[[New Japan Pro-Wrestling|Japanese Pro Wrestling Show]]'', ''Gotcha'', ''Motorrad Cops'', ''[[Whacked Out Sports]]'' and ''Challenges of Fire''.<ref name="Bind">{{cite web |title=Bindass moves to full launch |url=http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/4427/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411180606/http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/4427/ |archive-date=11 April 2008 |publisher=Variety Online Asia |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=Dubbed/>

In February 2010, Bindass launched a new campaign titled "What I Am" which aimed at speaking for the youth of India, and dispel popular misconceptions about their attitude towards responsibilities.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227791,what-i-am-utv-bindass-new-campaign-speaks-through-voice-of-youth.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125110839/http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227791,what-i-am-utv-bindass-new-campaign-speaks-through-voice-of-youth.aspx | url-status=live | archive-date=2010-11-25 | title=What I am: UTV Bindass' new campaign speaks through voice of youth | website=Campaign India }}</ref>

[[The Walt Disney Company]] acquired UTV in 2012 and ''Bindass'' along with other UTV channels became part of [[Disney India Media Networks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-acquires-controlling-stake-indias-286342|title=Disney Acquires Controlling Stake in India's UTV|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=1 February 2012|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111043331/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/disney-acquires-controlling-stake-indias-286342/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, Disney Media Networks India started producing [[Web television]] series which will be simulcast on Bindass as well digital platforms like [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]].<ref name=Tere>{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing/bindass-unveils-its-new-series-tere-liye-bro_87488.html|title=Bindass Unveils Its New Series - Tere Liye Bro|access-date=December 6, 2017|archive-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103920/http://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing/bindass-unveils-its-new-series-tere-liye-bro_87488.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The first series under this multi-platform strategy was ''The Girl in the City''<ref name=Girl>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/47641_bindass-launches-its-first-ever-web-series-Girl-in-the-City|title=bindass launches its first ever web series 'Girl in the City'|date=7 April 2016|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124174102/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/47641_bindass-launches-its-first-ever-web-series-Girl-in-the-City|url-status=live}}</ref> which was followed by ''The Trip'',<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/watch-lisa-haydon-plays-a-hot-feisty-musician-in-a-web-series/story-Ocyw6Z5ZjX0kItl7zRn8DL.html|title=Watch: Lisa Haydon plays a hot, feisty musician in a web series|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 January 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/watch-lisa-haydon-plays-a-hot-feisty-musician-in-a-web-series/story-Ocyw6Z5ZjX0kItl7zRn8DL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Girl in the City Chapter 2'',<ref name=G2>{{cite web|url=http://thetimeliners.com/mithila-palkar-back-chapter-2-%E2%80%9Cgirl-city%E2%80%9D|title=Mithila Palkar Is Back with Chapter 2 of "Girl In The City"|date=25 March 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217125029/http://thetimeliners.com/mithila-palkar-back-chapter-2-%E2%80%9Cgirl-city%E2%80%9D|archive-date=17 December 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Dil Buffering''<ref name=Buff>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/music-and-youth/disney-pushes-brand-bindass-as-it-merges-with-bindass-play-enters-ott-space-170922|title=Disney pushes brand bindass as it merges with bindass Play, enters OTT space|date=22 September 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2017|archive-date=30 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230092604/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/music-and-youth/disney-pushes-brand-bindass-as-it-merges-with-bindass-play-enters-ott-space-170922|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Tere Liye Bro''.<ref name=Tere/>

In 2017, Disney India closed [[Bindass Play]], a music channel and its content was merged with Bindass.<ref name=Buff/>

In 2025, it was announced that Bindass, along with 8 other channels would be discontinued on 15 March 2025.
===Bindass India concert===
On 13 January 2008, Bindass presented a two-hour live concert starring popular [[Bollywood]] star [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] at MMRDA Grounds, Mumbai. The entourage included stars [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Dia Mirza]], [[Rakhi Sawant]] and [[Dino Morea]]. The concert was hosted by [[Sajid Khan]], and choreographed by [[Ganesh Hegde]].

Prior to the contest Bindass organized a nationwide contest called "Dance with SRK", where the lucky winners would get to dance with Shah Rukh Khan on stage. Through a lucky dip, three winners, Andrew from [[Kolkata]], Richa from [[Lucknow]] and 9 year old Vidhi from Mumbai, were chosen.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k8/jan/janrel26.php | title=The Stars came down at the 'Airtel Bindass India Concert' | publisher=Indian Television | access-date=21 May 2008 | archive-date=30 August 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830014742/http://indiantelevision.com/release/y2k8/jan/janrel26.php | url-status=live }}</ref> The concert was telecast on Bindass on 26 January 2008 on [[Indian Republic Day]].

==Programming==
{{div col}}
* ''3rd Degree With Ugesh Sarcar''<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/utv-launches-brand-bindass-space-yatra-hunt/articleshow/2219370.cms?from=mobile|title=UTV launches brand Bindass, space yatra hunt|date=20 July 2007|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925003226/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/utv-launches-brand-bindass-space-yatra-hunt/articleshow/2219370.cms?from=mobile|url-status=live}}</ref> (2007–2009)
* ''Beg Borrow Steal''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k11/dec/decrel3.php|title=Bindass presents Beg Borrow Steal|date=December 2, 2011|access-date=July 7, 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019225813/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k11/dec/decrel3.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bindass-is-back-with-beg-borrow-steal/articleshow/54933473.cms|title=Bindass is back with 'Beg Borrow Steal' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030110824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bindass-is-back-with-beg-borrow-steal/articleshow/54933473.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> (2011–2017)
* ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]''<ref name=Dubbed>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=Dubbed shows on Bindass|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=9 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2007–2008)
* ''[[Big Switch]]'' (2009–2015)
* ''Cash Cab - Meter Chalu Hai''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/may/may213.php|title=UTV Bindass returns with 'Cash Cab - Meter Chalu Hai'|date=May 20, 2009|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731133351/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/may/may213.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2008–2010)
* ''The Chair''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/aug/aug260.php|title=Bindass to launch horror-reality show 'The Chair'|date=August 31, 2010|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405125252/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/aug/aug260.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2010)
* ''Challenges Of Fire''<ref name=Dubbed/> (2007–2008)
* ''Change Aayega Hum Laayenge''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.in/sites/default/files/press-releases/pdfs/Press-Release-Change-Aayega-Hum-Layenge-FINAL.pdf|title=bindass launches ''Change Aayega, Hum Laayenge''|date=13 March 2014|publisher=Disney India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030110834/http://corporate.disney.in/sites/default/files/press-releases/pdfs/Press-Release-Change-Aayega-Hum-Layenge-FINAL.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2014)
* ''[[Dadagiri (Hindi TV series)|Dadagiri]]'' (2008–2011)
* ''Destination Love''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/jan/jan91.php|title=Bindass heads for "Destination Love"|date=January 15, 2010|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=8 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408153220/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/jan/jan91.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2010)
* ''Dil Buffering''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/sep/26/refreshing-working-on-dil-buffering-aanchal-munjal-1662951.html|title=Refreshing working on 'Dil Buffering': Aanchal Munjal|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=23 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123123201/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/sep/26/refreshing-working-on-dil-buffering-aanchal-munjal-1662951.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2017)
* ''[[Emotional Atyachar]]'' (2009–2015)
* ''Fear Less''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eventfaqs.com/news/ef-00896/bindass-promotes-brand-new-sho-1342184687937|title=Bindass promotes brand new show 'Fear Less'|website=EVENTFAQS Media|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512003305/https://www.eventfaqs.com/news/ef-00896/bindass-promotes-brand-new-sho-1342184687937|url-status=live}}</ref> (2012)
* ''Halla Bol''<ref name="bestmediainfo.com">{{cite web|url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2015/11/bindass-strengthens-line-up-to-introduce-its-first-sitcom/|title=Bindass strengthens line-up, to introduce its first sitcom|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512003305/https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/11/bindass-strengthens-line-up-to-introduce-its-first-sitcom/|url-status=live}}</ref> (2015)
* ''Hass Ley India''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/dec/dec163.php|title=Bindass to relaunch 'Lagegi' as 'Hass Ley India'|date=13 December 2007|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517085856/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/dec/dec163.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2007–2008)
* ''Girl In The City''<ref name=Girl/> (2016)
* ''Girl In The City: Chapter 2''<ref name=G2/> (2017)
* ''Girl In The City: Chapter 3''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/girl-city-chapter-3-hits-10-million-views|title=Girl In The City - Chapter 3 Hits 10+ Million Views|date=27 July 2018|website=Box Office India|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030110823/https://boxofficeindia.co.in/girl-city-chapter-3-hits-10-million-views|url-status=live}}</ref> (2018)
* ''Ishq Messenger''<ref name=Buff/> (2017–2021)
* ''[[New Japan Pro-Wrestling|Japanese Wrestling Show]]''<ref name=Dubbed/> (2007–2008)
* ''The Khan Sisters''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emirates247.com/bigg-boss-7-winner-who-is-gauhar-khan-2013-12-29-1.532837|title=Bigg Boss 7 winner: Who is Gauhar Khan?|date=29 December 2013|website=Emirates24-7|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512003304/https://www.emirates247.com/bigg-boss-7-winner-who-is-gauhar-khan-2013-12-29-1.532837|url-status=live}}</ref> (2011–2013)
* ''Kiss Kiss Bang Bang''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/june/june18.php|title=Bindass to air "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang"|date=June 8, 2008|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404222439/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/june/june18.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2008)
* ''Kota Toppers''<ref name="bestmediainfo.com"/> (2015–2016)
* ''Lagegi''<ref name="indiatimes.com"/> (2007)
* ''Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bindass.com/web-exclusive/life-lafde-aur-bandiyan/|title=bindass.com - Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan|website=www.bindass.com|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505102451/http://bindass.com/web-exclusive/life-lafde-aur-bandiyan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2016)
* ''Live Out Loud - It’s Now Or Never''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/bindass-presents-live-out-loud-its-now-or-never-1037.html|title=Bindass Presents 'Live Out Loud' Its Now or Never|website=www.adgully.com|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512003304/https://www.adgully.com/bindass-presents-live-out-loud-its-now-or-never-1037.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (2012)
* ''Love By Chance''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kavi-shastri-to-host-a-new-show-on-bindass/ |title=Kavi Shastri to host a new show on Bindass |author=Ankita R Kanabar |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803091659/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kavi-shastri-to-host-a-new-show-on-bindass/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (2014–2015)
* ''Love Lock Up''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/49046695.cms|title=Most Popular Dating Shows On TV!|date=21 September 2015|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917021649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/photostory/49046695.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> (2011)
* ''Meri Toh Lag Gayi.... Naukri''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k11/mar/marrel41.php|title=Bindass presents Meri Toh Lag Gayi.... Naukri|date=March 28, 2011|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227172734/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k11/mar/marrel41.php|url-status=live}}</ref> (2011)
* ''Motorrad Cops''<ref name=Dubbed/> (2007–2008)
* ''Pyar Ka The End''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/music-and-youth/bindass-talks-about-relationships-with-pyaar-ka-the-end-140809|title=Bindass talks about relationships with 'Pyaar Ka The End'|date=9 August 2014|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=12 May 2019|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513093227/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/music-and-youth/bindass-talks-about-relationships-with-pyaar-ka-the-end-140809|url-status=live}}</ref> (2014)
* ''Road Diaries''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Arjun-Bijlani-goes-Bindass/articleshow/12002903.cms?|title=Arjun Bijlani goes Bindass!|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915233730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Arjun-Bijlani-goes-Bindass/articleshow/12002903.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> (2016)
* ''Selfie Wala Show''<ref name=Buff/> (2017–2021)
* ''Shakira - The End Of Evil'' (2007–2008)
* ''Sun Yaar Chill Maar'' (2007–2008)<ref>{{Cite web|first=Kavita|last=Shyam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/miss-briganza-is-back/articleshow/2778608.cms|title=Miss Briganza is back!|date=14 February 2008|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=16 May 2023|archive-date=16 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516171702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/miss-briganza-is-back/articleshow/2778608.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Sun Yaar Try Maar''<ref name="bestmediainfo.com"/> (2015)
* ''[[Surprise Surprise Gotcha]]''<ref name=Dubbed/> (2007–2008)
* ''Superdude'' (2011–2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-hunt-for-the-superdude-of-india-is-back/articleshow/16850445.cms|title=The Hunt for the Superdude of India is Back!|date=17 October 2012|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=31 December 2023|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111043224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-hunt-for-the-superdude-of-india-is-back/articleshow/16850445.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Tere Liye Bro''<ref name=Tere/> (2017–2018)
* ''Tia's Request Show'' <ref name=Buff/> (2017–2021)
* ''The Trip''<ref name="auto"/> (2016–2018)
* ''Tu Con Main Con''<ref name="bestmediainfo.com"/> (2015)
* ''[[Whacked Out Sports]]''<ref name=Dubbed/> (2007–2008)
* ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' (2013–2016)
* ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]'' (2007–2008)
* ''[[Zindagi Wins]]'' (2015)
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20170120224004/http://www.bindass.com/}}

[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Defunct music video networks]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]
[[Category:Former subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2007]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2025]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2025 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:UTV Software Communications]]
[[Category:Disney India Media Networks]]
[[Category:Bindass original programming]]
[[Category:Disney Star]]
[[Category:Music television channels in India]]

Arattupuzha Temple

2026-02-04T20:47:32Z

MohammedMathieu: basic enhance formatting as per guidelines additionally and added references

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Arattupuzha Temple
| image = Aarattupuzha shree dharma sastha temple.JPG
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Sree Sastha Temple, [[Arattupuzha]], [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.418398|N|76.230039|E|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Thrissur District|Thrissur]]
| location = [[Arattupuzha]]
| elevation_m = 28.39
| deity = [[DHARMASASTHA & VASISHTA]]
| festivals = ''Devamela'' [[Arattupuzha Pooram]]
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| date_built =
| creator =
| website =
}}

The '''Arattupuzha Sastha Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] situated at [[Arattupuzha]] in [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]] in [[India]], administered by [[Cochin Devaswom Board]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2011/03/16/arattupuzha-temple-to-webcast-celebrations-live-aid0113.html |title=Arattupuzha temple to webcast celebrations live|work= OneIndia|access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref>

==History==
According to legends, the antiquity of this temple dates back to 3000 years. The temple has been the host of the most ancient and well-known yearly ''Devamela'', a festival when all gods and goddesses assemble at [[Arattupuzha]].

Sree Dharam Sastha is the main deity in the temple.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.arattupuzhasreesasthatemple.com/pages/home.html
|title=Arattupuzha Temple
|publisher=ArattupuzhaSasthaTemple
|access-date=2023-12-05}}</ref> It is believed that the deity of Arattupuzha temple contains the divine vital force of [[Guru]] [[Vasishta]], the kulaguru (Family priest) of Raghu vamsha and Master of Srirama and his brothers.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.webindia123.com/city/kerala/thrissur/destinations/temples/arattupuzhatemple.htm
|title=Arattupuzha Temple
|publisher=WebIndia
|access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mustseeindia.com/Thrissur-Arattupuzha-Temple/attraction/13953
|title=Arattupuzha Temple
|publisher=MustseeIndia
|access-date=2013-10-02
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131002141906/http://www.mustseeindia.com/Thrissur-Arattupuzha-Temple/attraction/13953
|archive-date=2013-10-02
|url-status=dead
}}
</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Arattupuzha Temple}}

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Rama temples]]

2025 Pune Challenger – Singles

2026-01-31T15:29:52Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Tennis events|2025|Pune Challenger|
| champ = {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]]
| runner = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]]
| score = 7–6(7–3), 6–1
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
}}

{{main|2025 Pune Challenger}}

[[Valentin Vacherot]] was the defending champion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tennistourtalk.com/107488/vacherot-keeps-winning-challenger-titles-lifts-pune-trophy|title=Vacherot Keeps Winning Challenger Titles, Lifts Pune Trophy|first=Florian|last=Heer|date=25 February 2024}}</ref> but lost in the quarterfinals to [[Alexis Galarneau]].

[[Dalibor Svrčina]] won the title after defeating [[Brandon Holt]] 7–6(7–3), 6–1 in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tennistourtalk.com/119400/svrcina-secures-maha-open-crown-in-pune|title=Svrcina Secures Maha Open Crown In Pune|date=23 February 2025 |publisher=tennistourtalk.com|accessdate=23 February 2025}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/pune-atp-challenger-2025-maha-open-tennis-singles-final-report|title= Maha Open 2025 tennis: Unseeded Dalibor Svrcina stuns Brandon Holt to win singles title in Pune|date=23 February 2025}}</ref>

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Billy Harris (tennis)|Billy Harris]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Vít Kopřiva]] ''(withdrew)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Elmer Møller]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ugo Blanchet]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shintaro Mochizuki]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau]] ''(semifinals)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final

| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=6
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''7'''
| RD1-score1-2='''6'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=8
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau]]
| RD1-score2-1=5
| RD1-score2-2=4
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov]]
| RD1-score3-1='''710'''
| RD1-score3-2=0
| RD1-score3-3=1r
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=68
| RD1-score4-2='''6'''
| RD1-score4-3=3

| RD2-seed1=6
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]]
| RD2-score1-1=63
| RD2-score1-2=1
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''77'''
| RD2-score2-2='''6'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

===Top half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Billy Harris (tennis)|B Harris]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''6'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=WC
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne|M Dhamne]]
| RD1-score02-1=4
| RD1-score02-2=4
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=Q
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Kimmer Coppejans|K Coppejans]]
| RD1-score03-1=65
| RD1-score03-2=5
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=Q
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Moriya|H Moriya]]'''
| RD1-score04-1='''77'''
| RD1-score04-2='''7'''
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=Q
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|}} [[Petr Bar Biryukov|P Bar Biryukov]]
| RD1-score05-1=66
| RD1-score05-2='''7'''
| RD1-score05-3=3
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sascha Gueymard Wayenburg|S Gueymard Wayenburg]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''78'''
| RD1-score06-2=5
| RD1-score06-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed07=WC
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|IND}} Aryan Shah
| RD1-score07-1=2
| RD1-score07-2=2
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=6
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt|B Holt]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=4
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|DEN}} [[Elmer Møller|E Møller]]
| RD1-score09-1='''7'''
| RD1-score09-2=2
| RD1-score09-3=4
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD1-score10-1=5
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed11=Alt
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]
| RD1-score11-1=62
| RD1-score11-2=2
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=Q
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura|M Imamura]]'''
| RD1-score12-1='''77'''
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=Q
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Michael Geerts|M Geerts]]'''
| RD1-score13-1=4
| RD1-score13-2='''6'''
| RD1-score13-3='''77'''
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Marek Gengel|M Gengel]]
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2=1
| RD1-score14-3=64

| RD1-seed15=WC
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Singh (tennis)|K Singh]]
| RD1-score15-1=4
| RD1-score15-2=1
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=8
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau|A Galarneau]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Billy Harris (tennis)|B Harris]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''7'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=Q
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Moriya|H Moriya]]
| RD2-score02-1=5
| RD2-score02-2=3
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sascha Gueymard Wayenburg|S Gueymard Wayenburg]]
| RD2-score03-1=4
| RD2-score03-2=4
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=6
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt|B Holt]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=Q
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura|M Imamura]]
| RD2-score06-1=2
| RD2-score06-2=3
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=Q
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Michael Geerts|M Geerts]]
| RD2-score07-1=4
| RD2-score07-2=4
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=8
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau|A Galarneau]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Billy Harris (tennis)|B Harris]]
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2=3
| RD3-score01-3=4
| RD3-seed02=6
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt|B Holt]]'''
| RD3-score02-1=4
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3='''6'''

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot|V Vacherot]]
| RD3-score03-1='''6'''
| RD3-score03-2=3
| RD3-score03-3=63
| RD3-seed04=8
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau|A Galarneau]]'''
| RD3-score04-1=3
| RD3-score04-2='''6'''
| RD3-score04-3='''77'''

| RD4-seed01=6
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt|B Holt]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''7'''
| RD4-score01-2='''6'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=8
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau|A Galarneau]]
| RD4-score02-1=5
| RD4-score02-2=4
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=5
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ugo Blanchet|U Blanchet]]'''
| RD1-score01-1=3
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]]
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2=2
| RD1-score02-3=3

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]
| RD1-score03-1=1
| RD1-score03-2=3
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=Alt
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Kyrian Jacquet|K Jacquet]]'''
| RD1-score04-1='''6'''
| RD1-score04-2='''6'''
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|COL}} [[Nicolás Mejía|N Mejía]]
| RD1-score05-1=2
| RD1-score05-2=2
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Bernard Tomic|B Tomic]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''6'''
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07='''{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]'''
| RD1-score07-1='''6'''
| RD1-score07-2=4
| RD1-score07-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed08=3
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate|T Schoolkate]]
| RD1-score08-1=3
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=3

| RD1-seed09=7
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shintaro Mochizuki|S Mochizuki]]
| RD1-score09-1='''77'''
| RD1-score09-2=1
| RD1-score09-3=2
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jurij Rodionov|J Rodionov]]'''
| RD1-score10-1=65
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|DEN}} [[August Holmgren (tennis)|A Holmgren]]
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2=3
| RD1-score11-3=5
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]'''
| RD1-score12-1=4
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3='''7'''

| RD1-seed13=Alt
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enrico Dalla Valle|E Dalla Valle]]
| RD1-score13-1=0
| RD1-score13-2=3
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[James McCabe (tennis)|J McCabe]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=Q
| RD1-team15='''{{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]'''
| RD1-score15-1='''6'''
| RD1-score15-2='''6'''
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=LL
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|B Ellis]]
| RD1-score16-1=4
| RD1-score16-2=2
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=5
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ugo Blanchet|U Blanchet]]'''
| RD2-score01-1=2
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed02=Alt
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Kyrian Jacquet|K Jacquet]]
| RD2-score02-1='''6'''
| RD2-score02-2=3
| RD2-score02-3=1

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Bernard Tomic|B Tomic]]
| RD2-score03-1='''6'''
| RD2-score03-2=3
| RD2-score03-3=3
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]'''
| RD2-score04-1=4
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jurij Rodionov|J Rodionov]]
| RD2-score05-1=4
| RD2-score05-2=5
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]'''
| RD2-score06-1='''6'''
| RD2-score06-2='''7'''
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|AUS}} [[James McCabe (tennis)|J McCabe]]
| RD2-score07-1=2
| RD2-score07-2=4
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=Q
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=5
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ugo Blanchet|U Blanchet]]
| RD3-score01-1=0
| RD3-score01-2=2
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]'''
| RD3-score02-1='''6'''
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''6'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=Q
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]
| RD3-score04-1=1
| RD3-score04-2=3
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]
| RD4-score01-1='''710'''
| RD4-score01-2=0
| RD4-score01-3=1r
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]'''
| RD4-score02-1=68
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3=3
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2025/7100/mds.pdf Main draw]
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2025/7100/qs.pdf Qualifying draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2025 Pune Challenger - 1}}
[[Category:2025 ATP Challenger Tour|Pune Challenger - 1]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2025 Singles]]

Padre Conceição College of Engineering

2026-01-26T11:48:01Z

MohammedMathieu: Started A Article - done

{{Short description|Private engineering college in Verna, Goa, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Coord|15|19|37|N|73|56|00|E|display=title|type:edu}}

'''Padre Conceição College of Engineering''' ('''PCCE''') is a [[Private school|private]] [[Engineering education|engineering college]] in [[Verna, Goa|Verna]], [[Goa]], [[India]], established in 1997.
{{Infobox university
|name = Padre Conceição College of Engineering
|established = 1997
|city = [[Verna, Goa|Verna]]
|native_name = Padre Conceição (Portuguese), ''Padre Konseisanv'' (Konkani)
|image =Padre_Conceição_College_Of_Engineering.jpg
|image_size = 160px
|motto = ''Love your neighbour as yourself''
|director = Fr. Orlando Rodrigues
|principal = Mahesh B. Parappagoudar
|state = [[Goa]]
|country = India
|address = Agnel Technical Education Complex, Agnel ganv, Verna, [[Goa]]
|colours =
|athletics_affiliations =
|type = Private unaided engineering college
|website = {{url|www.pccegoa.edu.in}}
}}

The college is affiliated to [[Goa University]], [[Taleigao]], Goa, and the programmes are approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE), [[New Delhi]]. The college is a part of Agnel Technical Education Complex, Verna, Goa and the college campus was designed by civil engineer Olavo Carvalho.<ref>
{{Citation
| last = Fernandes
| first = Alexia
| title = The Model Engineer
| url = https://issuu.com/business_goa/docs/business_goa_march_2017
| pages = 38
| date = March 2017
| magazine = Business Goa
| publisher = Issuu
| language = en
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181216141432/https://issuu.com/business_goa/docs/business_goa_march_2017
| archive-date = December 16, 2018
| url-status = live
| access-date=2018-12-16
}} [https://archive.org/details/TheModelEngineerBusinessGoaMar17 Alt URL]</ref> PCCE was the first private engineering college in the state. The students of PCCE call themselves as ''Pacers''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Options-galore-for-engineering-students/articleshow/34083560.cms|title=Options galore for engineering students|last=Malkarnekar|first=Gauree|date=Apr 23, 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>

==History==
The college is named after Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues, a patriot and founder of Agnel Ashram, who died in 1984 after making a contribution in the field of technical education at national level. Rev. Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues was a visionary and freedom fighter. Under his inspiration, the Agnel Fathers (the trustees of the [[Society of St. Francis Xavier]], [[Pilar, Goa|Pilar]]) established technical education complexes around India. The then Director of Technical Education of the State of Maharashtra, Prof. G. Kadu in his oration at the funeral of Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues, called him a Saint of Technical Education.<ref name="DhuriThesis2017">
{{Cite thesis
|last=Dhuri
|first=Keshav Ramesh
|title=Use and user study of e-resources in medical and engineering college libraries in Goa
|date=2017
|degree=PhD in Library and Information Science
|publisher=Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth University
|language=en-US
|pages=65–66
|hdl=10603/166485
}}</ref>

==Academics==
The college conducts four-year degree programmes in the fields of computer engineering, electronics and telecommunication engineering, mechanical engineering and information technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/quadriplegics-step-toward-mobility/|title=Quadriplegic's step toward mobility|last=Kaur|first=Ramandeep|date=Oct 5, 2018|website=[[The Navhind Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/scope-for-smart-villages-in-india/|title=Scope for smart villages in India|last=Bhandare|first=Bhasker|date=July 14, 2017|website=The Navhind Times|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>

The college is affiliated to Goa University, Taleigao Goa, and all the programmes are approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.

===Mechanical engineering===
The degree programme in Mechanical Engineering has been in existence since the inception of the college in 1997. The course is approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education|All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)]]. The course is of four years duration, each year consisting of two semesters. The students undertake a project during the final year. The course has a capacity of 75 students per year.

==== Laboratories ====
[[File:Thermal Lab 1.jpg|thumb|Thermal Lab 1 Different types of Engines, fuels and their working is taught.]]
Thermal Lab 1

In this laboratory, [[Internal combustion engine|Internal Combustion Engine (IC Engine)]] and [[Refrigeration]] and [[Air conditioning|Air Conditioning (RAC)]] practical's are performed to teach students about basic laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer between various systems and conversion of heat to one form to another form, and the fundamental knowledge about the design and analysis of refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

==== Thermal Lab – 2====

This laboratory is equipped with: 1. equipment’s and experimental set ups to study the fundamentals and applied aspects of [[fluid mechanics]] and fluid machines, 2. with centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump in which students can find out the performance test and efficiency at different operating conditions to study [[Compressible flow|Gas Dynamics]] & [[Hydraulic machinery|Hydraulic Machines]], and 3. with different test setups which exhibit various concepts related to shell and tube heat exchanger, natural and forced convection, emissivity of a surface, boiling and condensation to study Heat & Mass transfer.

==== CAD/CAM Lab – Computing center====

The [[Computer-aided design|Computer Aided Design]] and [[Computer-aided manufacturing|Computer Aided Manufacturing]] Laboratory equipped with software's like [[SolidWorks]], [[Ansys]], CADEM seeNC [[turning]] and [[Milling (machining)|milling]] simulation software's are used to train the students on design and drawing requirements, and to structural analysis.

==== Engineering Material Science Lab====

This laboratory is used to teach students to test and analyze the strength of different materials subject to various loading conditions. It is equipped with the 1.Universal testing machine 2.Impact testing machine 3.Wear testing machine 4.Metallurgical microscope 5.Erichson cupping machine 6.Fatigue testing machine 7.Torsion testing machine 8.Muffle furnace 9.Polishing machine 10.Hardness testing Machine 11. Compression moulding machine 12. Notch cutter 13. Weighing machine.

==== Mechatronics and Automation Lab====

This is an integrated laboratory covering [[Mechanical engineering|Mechanical Engineering]], [[Electrical engineering|Electrical Engineering]], [[Computer science|Computer Science]] and [[Control theory|Control Theory]] applications for the modelling and design of intelligent automated system and equipped with various simulation software's and trainer kits for hands-on experience

==== Metrology & Dynamics Lab====

This laboratory is used to teach 1. Dynamics of Machinery and Mechanical Vibration under Theory of machines and is equipped with Balancing of Rotating Masses, Motorized Gyroscope, Universal Governor Apparatus, Universal Vibration Test Rig, Trifilar Suspension, Vibration Measurement Kit, and 2. [[Metrology]] which is a scientific study of measurements and hence is equipped with slip gauges, dial gauges, angle gauges, profile projector, vernier caliper and screw gauges.

===Electronics and telecommunication engineering===
==== Labs ====
=====Communication Engineering Lab=====
[[Image:Padre Conceicao College of Engg.jpg|thumb|College building|alt=]]
The students carry out projects usually every semester in subjects such as signals and systems, communication engineering, digital signal processing and digital image processing. There are a number of digital signal processing kits with which the students can implement the projects. There are communication engineering trainer kits that helps the students to understand the concepts of networking. Each year the final year students carry out projects under the guidance of the faculty in this lab.

=====Advanced Microprocessor Lab=====
The lab provides the students with microprocessor kits and other electronic devices required to program and implement the circuits ranging from a simplest LED lighting system to advanced robotics projects. Projects carried out in the lab have won awards at National Level Technical Symposiums.

=====Digital Systems Lab=====
The lab introduces students to digital electronics and lays a foundation for advanced courses such as Microprocessors and Micro Controllers.

=====Basic Electrical Lab=====
The lab is a part of the introductory course for the freshers in order to learn electric circuits, LEDs, and other simple electronics and electrical components that act as a foundation for the courses that follow in the advanced semesters.[[Image:Pcce v library.jpg|thumb|The central library]]

===Computer engineering===
The degree programme in Computer Engineering has been in existence since the inception of the college in 1997. The course is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). The course is of 4 years duration, each year consisting of two semesters. The students undertake a project during the final year. The course has an intake of 60 students.

===Information technology===
The degree programme in Information Technology was started in 2000. The course is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). The course is of four years duration, each year consisting of two semesters. The students undertake a project during the final year. The course has an intake of 60 students per year.

===Postgraduate degree courses===
* M.E. Information Technology (Internet Technologies)

== Student life ==
PCCE offers a well-rounded student life. Facilities include a canteen, clubhouse, library, and computer labs. For sports, students can engage in cricket, volleyball, basketball, and football. These resources support academic and extracurricular activities within the college.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/pcce-wins-inter-collegiate-badminton-tournament/|title=PCCE wins inter-collegiate badminton tournament|website=The Navhind Times|date=31 August 2018|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/PCCE%E2%80%88crowned-champions/95728.html|title=PCCE crowned champions|last=Rebello|first=Allan|date=Nov 16, 2015|website=oHeraldo|language=en|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>

==Campus==
PCCE has the fourth largest campus among the engineering colleges in Goa, with a library that houses around 13,000 books.<ref name="DhuriThesis2017" />

== Cultural and non-academic activities ==

=== Annual cultural fest: Mithya ===
Each year the student council organizes the inter-department cultural event, under the guidance of the faculty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/mithya-2015-bonding-time-for-students-and-teachers/|title=Mithya 2015: Bonding time for students and teachers|work=The Navhind Times|date=14 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>
<div style="text-align:center;">
[[File:Pcce cowboy.jpg|thumb|Student in Cowboy Attire]]
</div>

=== Annual technical fest: Techyon ===
Each year the students of the department organize a national-level technical fest. The organizing committee is the student council. Under the guidance of the faculty, the society is responsible for organizing technical events and providing technical assistance to juniors.

==== Fest events ====
* '''Hackathon''' is an inter-collegiate competition where teams of 2 to 3 must build an application or computer software. The application or software is based on a theme provided to the participants. A time limit of 2 days is given, and participants are allowed to work overnight and off-campus.

* '''RoboWars''' is an inter-collegiate competition where teams of five must construct, deploy, and operate a fighting robot in a gladiatorial arena.

* '''Hardwired''' is a circuit-building competition where students construct a circuit of their choice.
[[File:Hardwired_Competition.jpg|thumb|alt=A student participating in a hardwired competition|Hardwired Competition]]

Each year the students of the department organize a national level technical fest. The organizing committee is the student council. Under the guidance of the faculty, the society is responsible for organizing technical events and provides technical assistance to juniors.

==== Fest events ====
* '''Hackathon''' is an inter collegiate competition where teams of 2 to 3 must build an application or a computer software. The application or the software is based on a theme which is given to the participants. A time limit of 2 days is given and the participants are allowed to work overnight and off campus.
* '''RoboWars''' is an inter collegiate competition where teams of five must construct, deploy and operate a fighting robot in a gladiatorial arena. Rules follow the traditional "RoboWar" league guidelines with only one weight category (<25 kg). Viewed as more of an entertainment event than an educational one; the decision to include it was based on the enthusiasm of students; the mechanical engineering department in particular.
* '''Hardwired''' is a circuit building competition, where the students construct a circuit of their choice. The winners are judged based on the usefulness, understanding and the efforts involved in building the circuit.
* '''Speak out''' is a technical paper presentation competition, where the students present their own technical topic in front of faculty and guests from industry.
* '''Quiz''' is an open quiz on the final day of the event. Students from colleges from the state and also from other states, participate in the event.
* The fest has literary events and a photography competition.

==Linkages==
The college has associations and linkages with industry and other organisations, such as a Memorandum of Understanding with [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]], [[EMC Corporation]], and [[D-Link]]. Workshops, seminars, conferences and field visits are organised in coordination with industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/pcce-students-exposed-to-block-chain-technology/|title=PCCE students exposed to block chain technology|website=The Navhind Times|date=30 September 2018|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>

==Reputation and standards==
Being affiliated with Goa University, a university with an accreditation from the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unigoa.ac.in/goa-university-contentarticle-disp.php?id=132|title = Goa University: Performance}}</ref> the students answer the same exams as the government-run [[Goa Engineering College]].

==Sister institutes==
* [[Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering]], [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]]
* [[Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology]], [[Vashi]], [[Mumbai]]
* [[Agnel Institute of Technology and Design]], [[Assagao]], Goa
* Father Agnel Polytechnic, [[New Delhi]]

==Location==
'''By road''': the college is on National Highway 17 at Verna between the [[Panaji]] and [[Margao]] cities. It is {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the Margao Bus Station and {{convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Panaji Bus Station. The college is close to the Electronic City at Verna.

'''By rail''': the college is {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Margao Railway station.

'''By air''': the college is {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Dabolim Airport]] at [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]], Goa.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.pccegoa.org Official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padre Conceicao College Of Engineering}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Goa]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]
[[Category:Education in South Goa district]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Goa]]

Vasantha (raga)

2026-01-15T16:01:53Z

MohammedMathieu: brief cleaned up lead for consistency also and improved wording

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{For|the Tamil film|Vasantha Raagam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Vasantha
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G3|M1|D2|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|M1|G3|R1|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Vasantha''' (pronounced vasantā) is a [[raga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' raga of ''[[Suryakantam]]'', the 17th ''[[Melakarta]]'' raga.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> According to P|Subba Rao, majority opinion is that the raga is derived from ''[[Mayamalavagowla]]'', the 15th ''Melakarta'' raga.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

''Vasantha'' is suitable to be sung in evening and is considered an auspicious raga.<ref name="ragas" />

== Structure ==
''Vasantha'' is an asymmetric scale that does not contain ''panchamam''. It is called a ''vakra audava-shadava'' raga, malathiga<ref name="ragas"/> structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|ārohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S|4=M1|3=G3| 5=D2|6=N3|7=S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|avarohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadam. Some claim that Vasantha had only D1 and not D2 originally.

[[File:Vasantha.wav|thumb|Arohanam and avarohanam for Vasantha with tambura]]

== Popular compositions ==
''Vasantha'' has ample scope for ''[[alapana]]''. This scale has been used by many composers for compositions in classical music. Here are some popular compositions in ''Vasantha''.

*''Ninne Kori'', a popular [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] by Tecchur Singarachar
*''Sannutangi'', a popular [[Adi tala]] Daru[[varnam]], ''Shiva Mahasena'' and ''Jaya Mangalam'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Dani Korikenu'', a rare Jhampa [[Tala (music)|Tala]] Pada[[varnam]] by [[Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar]]
*''Seetamma Mayamma and Etla Dorikitivo'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Brihadambikayai'', ''Hariharaputram'', ''Marakatha Lingam'' and ''Ramachandram Bhavayami'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Paramapurusha Jagadeeshwara'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Ellam Sivan Seyal'' by [[Shuddhananda Bharati]]
*''Malmaruga Shanmukha'' and ''Maadhayai Nidhi Ennum'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Natanam Adinar'' by [[Gopalakrishna Bharathi]]
*''Kanden Kanden'' by [[Arunachala Kavi]]
*''Neelamalar, Ivandhaan Ivandhaane, Pavana Kumaara and Vita Samavara Jala'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi]]
*''Rajeswarim Sambhavaye'' by [[Ganapathi Sachchidananda]] Swamiji
*''Thom Thomena'' and ''Yoganrusimha Padambuja Brunga'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
*''Kodu Bega Divyamathi, Dangurava Saariraryya(also sung in Nadanamakriya) and Rama Rama Rama Rama Rama Enniro Seetha'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Palisenna Gopalakrishna'' By [[Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]]
*''Vade Venkatadri Meeda'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Shaila Suthe'' and ''Devi Rame Mamava'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
*''Gowri Sukumari'' by N.C.Krishnamacharyulu
*''Manadhai Orumai'' by Chidambara Nataraja Deekshithar

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Vasantha Ruthu
|[[Sivakavi]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Vandanam Vandanam
|[[Vazhvey Maayam]]
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Azhagiya Thirumugam
|Brammacharigal
|rowspan=2|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Mani Osai Enna Sollutho
|Naalum Therinthavan(1983)
|rowspan=5|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]],[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Santhanam Poosum
|[[Thudikkum Karangal (1983 film)|Thudikkum Karangal]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Karmegam Oorgolam Pogum
|Kalamellam Un Madiyil
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|-
|Rojaavai Thaalaattum Thendral
(More Ragam Panthuvarali touches)
|[[Ninaivellam Nithya]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Illayaraja]]
|-
|Andhimazhai pozhigirathu
|[[Raja Parvai]]
|-
|Maan Kanden
|[[Raja Rishi]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Nil Nil Nil pathil sol
|[[Paattu Padava]]
|[[Illayaraja]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Iravil Irandu Paravaigal(With raga Bhagyashree touches)
|[[Soundaryame Varuga Varuga]]
|[[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]], [[P. Susheela]], [[Jolly Abraham]]
|-
|Minsara Poove
|[[Padayappa]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Nithyashree Mahadevan]] & Palakkad Sreeram
|-
|Vaa Kanmani
|[[Rasathi Varum Naal]]
|Vijay Anand
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Unnale Nenjam Raagam
|[[En Pottukku Sonthakkaran]]
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]],[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kanden Kanden
|[[Pirivom Santhippom]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
|-
|Thaaye Enge
|[[Anandhapurathu Veedu]]
|Ramesh Krishna
|Balaram
|}

=== Language:[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Sundari sundari
|[[Aye Auto]]
|[[Raveendran]]
|[[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
|Parama purusha
|[[Swathi Thirunal]]
|[[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Guruvayoor unnikannane
|[[Aanachandam]]
|Jaison Nair
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|}

==Related ragas==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this raga.

===Scale similarities===
*''[[Lalitha (raga)|Lalitha]]'' is a popular raga that sounds very similar to ''Vasantha''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> ''[[Lalitha (raga)|Lalitha]]'' uses ''shuddha rishabham'' in ārohaṇa also,<ref name="raganidhi" /> while the ''shuddha dhaivatam'' is used in it, compared to ''chatusruti dhaivatam'' in ''Vasantha''.<ref name="ragas" />

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Murder of Kongara Nagamani

2026-01-10T12:54:48Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Honor killing in India}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Cleanup press release|date=December 2024|2=Court report}}

{{Infobox event
|date = December 2, 2024
|time =
|Location = Ibrahimpatnam,
[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
|type = [[Murder]], [[Honor killing]]
|cause = [[Inter-caste marriages in India|Inter-caste marriage]]
|title = Murder of Kongara Nagamani
|convicted =
|convictions =
|sentence =
}}

'''Kongara Nagamani''' was murdered in an [[honor killing]] after she had married a [[Dalit]]. The murder took place in the South Indian state of [[Telangana]].<ref name="v187"/><ref name="i932"/> Her brother surrendered to the police and is charged with her murder.<ref name="j190"/><ref name="b969"/><ref name="a722"/>

==Background==
Kongara Nagamani was a police constable with the Hayathnagar Police Station, Hyderabad.<ref name="x279">{{cite web | last=Sana | first=Saicharan | title=Caste killing in Telangana: Kin murder woman constable for marrying Dalit man | website=The South First | date=3 December 2024 | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/caste-killing-in-telangana-kin-murder-woman-constable-for-marrying-dalit-man/ | access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> She had married Srikkanth, a [[dalit]] with whom she had studied in the same school and had known for 10 years.<ref name="k868">{{cite web | last=Janyala | first=Sreenivas | title=‘Her family opposed our relationship as I’m from a different caste’: Husband of Telangana constable ‘hacked to death’ by brother | website=The Indian Express | date=3 December 2024 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/telangana-constable-death-husband-caste-family-opposed-relationship-brother-9703138/ | access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>

==Death==
Just three weeks after their wedding, her brother, Parmesh, reported killing her when he surrendered to the police, who then charged him with murder.<ref name="n592">{{cite web | last=Deeksha | first=Johanna | title=A fearless police constable, caste fury, marriage, and a murder in Hyderabad | website=Scroll.in | date=10 December 2024 | url=https://scroll.in/article/1076616/a-fearless-police-constable-caste-fury-marriage-and-a-murder-in-hyderabad | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="l586">{{cite web | last=Pisharody | first=Rahul V | title=‘My brother’s going to kill me’ – Telangana police constable’s last phone call before ‘honour killing’ | website=The Indian Express | date=9 December 2024 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/brother-going-to-kill-me-telangana-cop-told-husband-before-line-went-quiet-9713954/ | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="j190">{{cite web | title=Brother kills Hyderabad cop for marrying man from SC community | website=The Times of India | date=3 December 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/honour-killing-brother-hacks-telangana-woman-constable-to-death/articleshow/115911026.cms | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="v187">{{cite web | author=The Hindu Bureau | title=Woman constable knocked down by car, stabbed to death in Telangana’s Ibrahimpatnam | website=The Hindu | date=2 December 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/woman-constable-knocked-down-by-car-stabbed-to-death-in-telanganas-ibrahimpatnam/article68937320.ece | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="i932">{{cite web | title=Telangana cop killed by brother, husband alleges threats due to inter-caste marriage | website=The News Minute | date=3 December 2024 | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/telangana-cop-killed-by-brother-husband-alleges-threats-due-to-inter-caste-marriage | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="b969">{{cite web | title=Brother Charged in Shocking Honour Killing of Woman Police Officer | website=The Times of India | date=4 December 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/brother-charged-in-shocking-honour-killing-of-woman-police-officer/articleshow/115946249.cms | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="a722">{{cite web | last=Farooq | first=Syed Omar | title=Police arrest honour killing accused | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=4 December 2024 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/police-arrest-honour-killing-accused-1843828 | access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Crime in Telangana]]
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Honor killing victims]]

Nagnajiti

2025-12-29T11:51:47Z

MohammedMathieu: Added new info

{{short description|Fifth queen consort of Hindu god Krishna}}
{{Infobox deity
| image = Mysore painting.jpg
| caption = Nagnajiti and the other Ashtabharya of Krishna, Mysore painting.
| spouse = [[Krishna]]
| children = Vira, Chandra, Ashvasena, Chitragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Shanku, Vasu, and Kunti
| type = Hindu
| other_names = Satya, Nappinnai
| abode = [[Dvaraka]]
| father = Nagnajit
| dynasty = [[Solar dynasty|Suryavamsha]], [[Yadu]]vamsha (by marriage)
| affiliation = [[Devi]], [[Avatar]] of [[Niladevi]], [[Ashtabharya]], [[Lakshmi]]
| texts = [[Vishnu Purana]], [[Bhagavata Purana]], [[Harivamsha]], [[Mahabharata]]
| member_of = [[Ashtabharya]]
}}

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2017}}

'''Nagnajiti''' ([[Sanskrit]]: नाग्नजिती [[IAST]]: Nāgnajitī), also known as '''Satya''' ([[Sanskrit]]: सत्या [[IAST]]: Satyā), and '''Nappinnai''' ({{Langx|ta|நப்பின்னை|lit=beautifully-tressed}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&dq=nappinai+nagnajiti&pg=PA282 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=282 |language=en}}</ref> is the fifth of the ''[[Ashtabharya]]'',<ref>{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | authorlink = Vettam Mani|page = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/62 62]}}</ref> the eight principal wives of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Krishna]].

In [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] texts, Nagnajiti is said to be an incarnation of [[Niladevi]], the third aspect of [[Lakshmi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajan |first=K. V. Soundara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLAltYhW-JQC&dq=Radha+niladevi&pg=PA17 |title=Secularism in Indian Art |date=1988 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-245-1 |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Dvapara Yuga]], Niladevi was born on the [[earth]] as Satya, the daughter of King Nagnajit of Kosala. Krishna competed in the [[svayamvara]] arranged by Nagnajit, and as per the set rules, he brought seven ferocious bulls under control by tying a noose around each of them, thus winning Satya as his wife.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Varadpande |first=Manohar Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XrFh2S8nlEC&dq=Nagnajita+krishna&pg=PA144 |title=Mythology of Vishnu and His Incarnations |date=2009 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-1016-4 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[South India]], when the poet-saint [[Andal]] wrote the [[Thiruppavai|''Tiruppavai'']] and the [[Nachiyar Thirumozhi|''Nachiyar Tirumoli'']], she mentions Nappinai, the "beautifully tressed" daughter of King Nagnajita - the brother of [[Yashoda]] (foster-mother of Krishna). It is believed that Nappinai is the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] equivalent of Nagnajiti. This is attested by the fact Nappinai is also stated to be a form of Vishnu's consort, Niladevi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TUnAQAAIAAJ&q=nagnajiti+nappinnai |title=The Brahmavadin |date=1972 |publisher=K.S. Ramaswami |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Family==
The ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' and the ''[[Harivamsa]]'' call her ''Satya Nagnajiti''. Commentators often consider ''Satya'' as her birth name and ''Nagnajiti'' a patronymic, translated "the daughter of Nagnajit(a)". However, sometimes it is translated as Nagnajiti, "the virtuous" (meaning of the word ''Satya''). Her father Nagnajit was the king of [[Kosala]], whose capital was [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]. Nagnajit is described as ''Kosala-pati'' ("Lord of Kosala") and ''Ayodhya-pati'' ("Lord of Ayodhya"). The ''Bhagavata Purana'' also calls Nagnijiti by the epithet as ''Kausalya'', "belonging to Kosala" ascertaining her role as princess of Kosala.<ref name="Wilson1870">{{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RO8oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82|accessdate=22 February 2013|year=1870|publisher=Trübner|pages=79–82, 107}}</ref><ref name="bhag10">{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.58|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826143938/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/en|archivedate=26 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A wife of Krishna named Satya is mentioned in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|page = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/704 704]}}</ref>

==Legend==

=== Marriage ===
The ''Bhagavata Purana'' narrates the tale of Nagnajiti's marriage. Nagnajit, also known as Kumbagan, was a pious king who followed the [[Vedas|Vedic]] scriptures with great devotion. He had set condition for the marriage of Satya that her husband should win her by defeating his seven ferocious bulls in combat. However, no prince who challenged to do the task could control the seven bulls to win the hand of Satya. Upon learning of the challenge, Krishna set out for Kosala Kingdom with a large retinue. As Krishna approached Nagnajit in his court, the king rose from his throne and honoured Krishna with gifts and welcomed him warmly to Kosala. Naganjiti was also very joyful to see Krishna and prayed that Krishna be her husband. Both the king and his daughter were aware of Krishna's divinity. Nagnajit offered his veneration to Krishna and asked the purpose of his visit. When Krishna declared that he wished to marry Satya, the King stated that there would no better husband for his daughter, but he had taken a vow that he would marry his daughter to a brave prince who would bring the seven bulls under control. The king also praised Krishna's valour and told him that he could easily tame the seven bulls which had almost mauled the other princes who had tried.<ref name=Krishna>{{Cite web|url=http://krsnabook.com/ch58.html|title=Five Ques married by Krishna|accessdate=25 January 2013|publisher=Krishnabook.com}}</ref><ref name="chap10">{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/32/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.58.32|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614150105/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/58/32/en|archivedate=14 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Upon listening to the king, Krishna entered the arena expanding into seven forms and easily put a noose around the seven bulls, humbling them. King Naganajit was pleased with the outcome, and his daughter was delighted to take Krishna as her husband. The marriage was celebrated with pomp and grandeur. The king presented Krishna with a dowry of 10,000 cows, 9,000 elephants, 900,000 chariots, 90,000,000 female, and 9,000,000,000 male servants. Finally, Krishna and Satya departed towards [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], accompanied by their army to protect them. On the way, they were attacked by the princes who had lost in Nagnajit's bull challenge. Krishna's army, fielded by his [[Yadava]] clan warriors and his friend [[Arjuna]], defeated the princes and chased them away. Krishna then entered Dvaraka in glory accompanied by his wife Naganajiti.<ref name=Krishna/><ref name="chap10"/>

In some areas, rooted in certain legends and folk traditions, recounts the tale of Nagnajiti, the daughter of King Nagnajit of Kosala, also known as Satya at birth. According to some commentaries, she was separated from her parents during a devastating flood and was later adopted by Khombagan, said to be Yashoda's brother, with Sodama becoming her foster brother.

Nagnajiti grew up alongside Krishna, and their families planned for the two to be married. Even as a child, Krishna demonstrated his extraordinary strength by taming seven bulls, a feat that showcased his divine prowess. However, one day, unaware of Sodama's devotion to Krishna and its significance, Nagnajiti playfully refused to let her foster brother play with him. Angered by this, her brother cursed her, saying she would be separated from Krishna.

The curse manifested when Krishna left Gokulam to kill [[Kamsa]], leaving Nagnajiti heartbroken.

Years later, King Nagnajit performed a yagna and discovered the whereabouts of his lost daughter, who then returned to Kosala and reclaimed her identity. Hearing of this, Krishna, still devoted to her, traveled to Kosala to seek her hand in marriage.

At the time, Kosala’s people were plagued by Valvano, a menacing force. Krishna defeated Valvano by lifting and casting it into the river, thereby saving the city. Through his strength and dedication, Krishna earned the right to marry Nagnajiti, who is also known in some traditions as Nappinai or Satya.

Although not found in canonical scriptures, this story is preserved in folk narratives and highlights Krishna's valor, love, and divine role in protecting his devotees.

'''folk stories'''

=== The Test of the Lotus Flower & The Full Moon Dance ===
edit
One night in '''Dwaraka''', under the full moon, Krishna and '''Nappinai''' danced together as they had in '''Gokulam'''—a sacred tradition known only to them. The rhythm of their hearts, the twinkling of anklets, and the soft murmur of the waves made it a moment untouched by the world.

But '''Satyabhama''', curious and mischievous, wanted to experience this dance. She '''disguised''' herself as Nappinai, hoping to see if Krishna would still recognize her love.

Krishna, ever knowing, played along. But his movements were hesitant, his touch distant. He was searching for something '''beyond appearances—beyond imitation'''.

Then, '''Nappinai arrived''', her fury like the rising tide.

“Satyabhama,” she called, her voice cutting through the night.

Satyabhama froze. Krishna turned, a knowing smile on his lips.

"What are you doing?" Nappinai asked.

Satyabhama, proud but uncertain, replied, '''"I only wanted to see if Krishna would dance with me the way he dances with you."'''

Nappinai’s eyes narrowed. '''"And? Did he?"'''

Satyabhama hesitated. She knew the answer.

Krishna chuckled softly and placed a '''single flower in Nappinai’s hair'''—where it belonged.

'''“A dance is not about steps. It is about the rhythm of the heart.”'''

Satyabhama sighed, accepting her defeat. "Then dance, Nappinai. And let me watch."

And so, Krishna and Nappinai danced again—a love only they could share.
----

=== The Test of the Lotus Flower ===
edit
The next morning, Krishna, ever the '''playful teacher''', called upon '''Narada''', the celestial sage. He wished to '''test''' the hearts of his consorts, not with words, but with a lesson.

In a '''sacred pool''', Krishna placed '''two lotus flowers'''.

'''Krishna:''' “If love is to be tested, let the gods decide. One of these flowers represents true devotion, the other, fleeting desire. Whichever flower blooms, that love is just.”

Nappinai, proud in her love, watched her flower, '''believing it would bloom first'''.

Satyabhama, eager yet uncertain, waited anxiously.

But… '''neither flower bloomed'''.

Instead, Krishna stepped forward and touched the water.

'''Krishna:''' “Love is not a competition. It is not about who is greater, nor about who receives more. Love is in the patience of waiting, the kindness of understanding, and the truth that cannot be hidden.”

At his words, '''both flowers bloomed together, side by side'''.

Nappinai understood. '''"You do not love Satyabhama as you love me, but she is not undeserving of kindness."'''

Satyabhama, humbled, bowed to Nappinai.

'''"And I will no longer seek love in deception. I will find my own path, as you have yours."'''

The gods witnessed the moment, and Krishna, with '''wisdom and love''', had taught both his consorts—and the world—a lesson:

'''True love is not about possession. It is about knowing when to give, when to forgive, and when to let go.'''

=== Nappinai and Rukmini – Guardians of Dwaraka ===
edit
As Krishna rode into battle against '''Narakasura''', taking '''Satyabhama''' with him, Dwaraka faced an unseen threat—not from invading armies, but from the wrath of a powerful sage.

==== The Sage’s Unheard Plea ====
edit
A revered sage, '''Katyayana''', had come to Dwaraka seeking Krishna’s blessing for an important '''yajna (sacred ritual).''' But when he arrived, he found Krishna had already left for war.

Feeling that '''Dwaraka had placed battle above the sacred''', he was overcome with disappointment. Standing at the shores, he raised his hands and declared:

'''“A kingdom that forgets dharma, that sends its ruler to war but keeps no one for the sacred, shall not stand! Without Krishna’s presence, let Dwaraka fall like dust upon the ocean breeze!”'''

At once, the '''seas roared, winds howled, and the earth trembled.'''

==== The City in Peril ====
edit
Fear gripped Dwaraka. The people turned to '''Rukmini and Nappinai''', knowing only they could restore balance.

* '''Rukmini, ever wise, sought out the sage.''' She traveled to his ashram, humbling herself before him. '''“Great one, forgive us. Krishna never ignored the sacred—his duty called him away, but dharma is in all things.”'''
* '''Nappinai, with her unwavering devotion, remained in Dwaraka.''' She adorned Krishna’s idol with flowers, lit lamps, and led the people in a night of '''kirtan (divine singing), invoking his presence.'''

The sage, still unmoved, said, '''“Words do not undo arrogance. If Krishna does not return before the full moon, the city shall fall.”'''

==== The Power of Faith ====
edit
As the deadline neared, '''a miracle occurred.'''

* '''Nappinai placed a fragrant garland upon Krishna’s idol, offering her love and devotion.'''
* '''Rukmini, wise and composed, took a single Tulsi leaf—the most sacred of all offerings—and placed it upon Krishna’s empty throne, symbolizing his unbroken presence.'''

Then, something divine happened,

The '''garland that Nappinai had placed on Krishna’s idol suddenly moved—appearing on his empty throne.''' The flames of the lamps rose higher, and the air filled with divine fragrance.

At that moment, '''the sage in his ashram felt a shift.'''He closed his eyes and saw—not Krishna in battle, but his presence alive in Dwaraka, through the unwavering devotion of his wives.

Realizing his mistake, he lifted his hands. '''“Where such love exists, destruction has no place.”''' The curse lifted. The '''seas calmed. The city stood strong.'''

==== Krishna’s Return ====
edit
When Krishna arrived, victorious from battle, he found '''Dwaraka untouched—not by war, but by love.'''

He turned to '''Rukmini and Nappinai''', understanding what had transpired.

Smiling, he placed a '''lotus in Rukmini’s hands''', honoring her wisdom. Then, he gently placed another in '''Nappinai’s hair''', honoring her devotion.

'''“Dwaraka was never in danger,”''' Krishna said softly. '''“Not while you were here.”'''
----

=== Significance ===

* '''Rukmini represents wisdom, humility, and diplomacy.'''
* '''Nappinai embodies devotion, faith, and Krishna’s eternal presence.'''
* The story reinforces that '''a kingdom is not just protected by warriors, but by love, faith, and righteousness.'''

=== Later life ===
Nagnajiti has ten sons: Vira, Chandra, Ashvasena, Citragu, Vegavan, Vrsha, Ama, Shanku, Vasu, and [[Kunti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/13/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 10.61.13|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021034609/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/13/en|archivedate=21 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ''Vishnu Purana'' says that she has many sons by Bhadravinda.<ref name="Wilson1870"/> The ''Bhagavata Purana'', which describes the death of Krishna and end of most of his race, records the leap of Nagnajiti and other chief queens onto Krishna's funeral pyre, immolating themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en|title=Bhagavata Purana 11.31.20|author=Prabhupada|author-link=Prabhupada|publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613194505/http://vedabase.net/sb/11/31/20/en|archivedate=13 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Consorts of Krishna]]
[[Category:Characters in the Bhagavata Purana]]

Molvom Railway Station

2025-12-26T10:35:46Z

MohammedMathieu: Added entry - done

{{short description|Railway station in Nagaland India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Molvom Railway Station
| other_name =
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style =
| image = Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg
| image_upright = 0.4
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo
| address = [[Molvom]], [[Chümoukedima District]], [[Nagaland]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.743492|93.849404|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map_dot_label = '''Molvom Railway Station'''
| elevation = {{convert|326|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| line = [[Dhansiri–Zubza line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 3
| other =
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| bicycle =
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MLVOM
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Lumding}}
}}
| status = functioning
| closed =
| former =
| opened = 2023
| rebuilt =
| electrified = No
| passengers =
| mpassengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = 
}}

'''Molvom Railway Station''' coded '''MLVOM''' is a railway station currently under construction at [[Molvom]] in the [[Chümoukedima District]] of the Indian state of [[Nagaland]]. It will be the second railway station after [[Shokhüvi Railway Station]] on the [[Dhansiri–Zubza line]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/Molvom-mlvom/10693| title=MLVOM/Molvom| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://morungexpress.com/nagaland-gets-its-2nd-railway-station-in-119-years|title=Nagaland gets its 2nd railway station in 119 years|date=26 August 2022|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of railway stations in Nagaland]]
* [[Dhansiri–Zubza line]]
* [[Kohima Zubza Railway Station]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2023]]
[[Category:Lumding railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Transport in Chümoukedima]]
[[Category:Railway stations under construction]]

{{India-railstation-stub}}
{{Nagaland-geo-stub}}

11th IIFA Awards

2025-12-24T03:34:43Z

MohammedMathieu: basic corrected information for clarity and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian film award ceremony in 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 11
| award = IIFA Awards
| award_link = International Indian Film Academy
| type =
| image =
| caption =
| date = {{Start date|2010|06|03|df=y}}– {{End date|2010|06|05|df=y}}
| site = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]] [[Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall]], [[Colombo]]
| host = {{Plainlist|
* [[Boman Irani]]
* [[Ritesh Deshmukh]]
* [[Lara Dutta]]
}}
| producer =
| director =
| organizer =
| best_picture = ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| best_direction = ''[[Rajkumar Hirani]]''
| best_direction_film = ''(3 Idiots)''
| best_actor = ''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''
| best_actor_film = ''([[Paa (film)|Paa]])''
| best_actress = ''[[Kareena Kapoor]]'' and ''[[Vidya Balan]]''
| best_actress_film = ''(3 Idiots'' and ''Paa)''
| most_wins = ''3 Idiots'' (16)
| most_nominations = ''3 Idiots'' (22)
| channel = [[Star Plus]]
| network = [[Star India|STAR TV]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = [[2009 IIFA Awards|10th]]
| next = [[12th IIFA Awards|12th]]
}}
The '''2010 IIFA Awards''', officially the '''11th International Indian Film Academy Awards''' ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the [[Bollywood films of 2009|best films of 2009]] and took place between 3 – 5 June 2010. The official ceremony took place on 5 June 2010, at the [[Sugathadasa Stadium]] in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100530/Magazine/sundaytimestvtimes_1.html |title=Colombo gets ready for IIFA 2010 |publisher=Sunday Times |accessdate=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2010.htm |title=IIFA 2020 Colombo |accessdate=2010-06-03 |publisher=International Indian Film Academy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604030934/http://www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2010.htm |archivedate=2010-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the ceremony, [[IIFA Awards]] were awarded in 23 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in India and internationally on [[Star Plus]]. The ceremony was hosted by [[Boman Irani]], [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] and [[Lara Dutta]].

In related events, the IIFA Music and Fashion Extravaganza took place on 4 June 2010 at the [[Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall]]. During the event, all technical awards were presented to the winners.

''[[3 Idiots]]'' led the ceremony with 14 nominations, followed by ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' with 10 nominations, and ''[[Kaminey]]'' and ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' with 8 nominations each.

''3 Idiots'' won 16 awards, including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (for [[Rajkumar Hirani]]), [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (for [[Kareena Kapoor]]), [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (for [[Sharman Joshi]]) and [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Villain]] (for [[Boman Irani]]), thus becoming the most–awarded film at the ceremony.

Other winners were ''[[Aladin (2009 film)|Aladin]]'', ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' and ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' with 3 awards, and ''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]'', ''[[Delhi-6|Delhi–6]]'', ''[[Dev.D]]'', ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]'', ''[[Kaminey]]'' and ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' with 1 award.

==Background==
The awards began in 2000 and the first ceremony was held in [[London]] at The [[Millennium Dome]]. From then on the awards were held at locations around the world signifying the international success of [[Bollywood]]. The next award ceremony was announced to be held in [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada in 2011.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/toronto-to-host-2011-iifa-awards/552482 | title=Toronto to host 2011 IIFA Awards | date=10 December 2009 | newspaper=The Indian Express | accessdate=3 February 2019 }}</ref> The award ceremonies are held in various places around the world.

==Winners of and nominees==
[[File:Rajkumar Hirani 2014.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Rajkumar Hirani, Best Director winner|alt=]]
[[File:Amitabh.Bachchan.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Amitabh Bachchan, Best Actor winner|alt=]]
[[File:Kareena_at_3I_premiere.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Kareena Kapoor, Co–Best Actress winner|alt=]]
[[File:VidyaBalan.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Vidya Balan, Co-Best Actress winner|alt=Vidya Balan receiving an [[IIFA Awards|IIFA Award]] in 2006 for ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'']]
[[File:Sharman Joshi partyy.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Sharman Joshi, Best Supporting Actor winner|alt=]]
[[File:Salmanrampwalk.png|right|thumb|150px|Salman Khan, Habitat Humanity Ambassadorship Award winner|alt=Salman Khan walking the ramp for designer Sanjana Jon (2009)]]

Winners are listed first and highlighted in '''boldface.'''

===Popular awards===
{| class=wikitable style="width=150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Movie|''Best Picture'']]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[3 Idiots]]'' – [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra|Vinod Chopra Productions]]'''
**''[[Dev.D]]'' – [[UTV Motion Pictures|UTV Spot Boy]] and Bindass
** ''[[Kaminey]]'' – [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
** ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' – [[Illuminati Films]] and [[Eros International]]
** ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' – [[Reliance Big Pictures]], MAD Entertainment Ltd. and [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]]
** ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' – [[Dharma Productions]]
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Rajkumar Hirani]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'''''
**[[Anurag Kashyap]] – ''[[Dev.D]]''
** [[Ayan Mukerji]] – ''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
**[[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
**[[R. Balki]] – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
** [[Vishal Bhardwaj]] – ''[[Kaminey]]''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Performance In A Leading Role Male]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Performance In A Leading Role Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' as Auro'''
**[[Aamir Khan]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Ranchhoddas "Rancho" Shamaldas Chanchad / Phunsukh Wangdu
** [[Ranbir Kapoor]] – ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' as Siddharth "Sid" Mehra
**[[Saif Ali Khan]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' as Jai Vardhan Singh
**[[Salman Khan]] – ''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' as Radhe / Rajveer Shekhawat
**[[Shahid Kapoor]] – ''[[Kaminey]]'' as Charlie Sharma / Guddu Sharma
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Kareena Kapoor]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Pia Sahastrabudhhe (tie)'''
* '''[[Vidya Balan]] – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' as Vidya (tie)'''
**[[Deepika Padukone]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' as Meera Pandit
**[[Mahie Gill]] – ''[[Dev.D]]'' as Parminder (Paro)
** [[Priyanka Chopra]] – ''[[Kaminey]]'' as Sweety Shekhar Bhope
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Male]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sharman Joshi]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Raju Rastogi'''
**[[Abhimanyu Singh]] – ''[[Gulaal]]'' as Rananjay Singh "Ransa"
**[[Abhishek Bachchan]] – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' as Amol Arte
** [[Irrfan Khan]] – ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'' as Roshan
**[[R. Madhavan]] – ''3 Idiots'' as Farhan Qureshi
**[[Rishi Kapoor]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' as Veer Singh
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Divya Dutta]] – ''[[Delhi-6|Delhi–6]]'' as Jalebi'''
**[[Arundhati Nag]] – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' as Vidya's mother
** [[Kalki Koechlin]] – ''[[Dev.D]]'' as Leni/Chandramukhi (Chanda)
** [[Kirron Kher]] – ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]'' as Aapa
**[[Supriya Pathak]] – ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' as Sarita
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance In A Comic Role]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance In A Negative Role]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sanjay Dutt]] – ''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]'' as Dharam Kapoor'''
**[[Ajay Devgn]] – ''All the Best: Fun Begins'' as Prem Chopra
** [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] – ''[[Life Partner]]'' as Jeet Oberoi
**[[Johnny Lever]] – ''[[De Dana Dan]]'' as Kaala Krishna Murari
** [[Omi Vaidya]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Chatur Ramalingam (Silencer)
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Boman Irani]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Viru Sahastrabudhhe (Virus)'''
**[[Amole Gupte]] – ''[[Kaminey]]'' as Sunil Shekhar Bhope (Bhope Bhau)
** [[Arya Babbar]] – ''[[Jail (2009 film)|Jail]]'' as Kabir Malik
** [[Kay Kay Menon]] – ''[[Gulaal]]'' as Dukey Bana
**[[Prakash Raj]] – ''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' as Gani Bhai / Shanshuddin Azgar Gani
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Male Debutant Star]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Female Debutant Star]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Omi Vaidya]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' as Chatur Ramalingam (Silencer) (tie)'''
* '''[[Jackky Bhagnani]] – ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]'' as Nihaal Singh (tie)'''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Jacqueline Fernandez]] – ''[[Aladin (2009 film)|Aladin]]'' as [[Princess Jasmine|Jasmine]] (tie)'''
* '''[[Mahi Gill]] – ''[[Dev.D]]'' as Parminder (Paro) (tie)'''
|}

===Musical awards===
{| class=wikitable style="width:150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Pritam]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' '''
**[[A. R. Rahman]] – ''[[Delhi-6|Delhi–6]]''
**[[Amit Trivedi]] – ''[[Dev.D]]''
** [[Shantanu Moitra]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]''
**[[Vishal Bhardwaj]] – ''[[Kaminey]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Swanand Kirkire]] – ''[[3 Idiots]]'''''
**[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] – ''[[Dev.D]]''
** [[Gulzar]] – ''[[Kaminey]]''
** [[Irshad Kamil]] – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
** [[Prasoon Joshi]] – ''[[Delhi-6|Delhi–6]]''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] for "Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh" – ''[[3 Idiots]]'' '''
**[[Atif Aslam]] for "[[Tu Jaane Na (song)|Tu Jaane Na]]" – ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]''
** [[Mohit Chauhan]] for "Masakali" – ''[[Delhi-6]]''
**[[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]] for "Aaj Din Chadheya" – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
** [[Sonu Nigam]] for "All Izz Well" – ''3 Idiots''
** [[Sukhwinder Singh]] and [[Vishal Dadlani]] for "Dhan Te Nan" – ''[[Kaminey]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Kavita Seth]] for "Iktara" – ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'''''
**[[Rekha Bhardwaj]] for "Sasural Genda Phool" – ''[[Delhi-6|Delhi–6]]''
** [[Shilpa Rao]] for "Mudi Mudi" – ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
** [[Shreya Ghoshal]] for "Zoobi Doobi" – ''[[3 Idiots]]''
**[[Sunidhi Chauhan]] for "Chor Bazaari" – ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
**[[Tulsi Kumar]] for "Haafiz Khuda" – ''[[8 x 10 Tasveer]]''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''Sanjay Wandrekar, Atul Raninga and [[Shantanu Moitra]]'' '''
|}

===Backstage awards===
{| class=wikitable style="width:150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''[[Abhijat Joshi]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'' '''
** ''[[Dev.D]]'' – [[Anurag Kashyap]] and [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]
** ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' – [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]
** ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]] – [[R. Balki]]''
** ''[[Wake Up Sid]]'' – [[Ayan Mukerji]]
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''[[Abhijat Joshi]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''[[Rajkumar Hirani]] and [[Abhijat Joshi]]'' '''
|}

===Technical awards===
{| class=wikitable style="width:150%"
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Aladin (2009 film)|Aladin]] – ''[[Sabu Cyril]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Kaminey]] – ''Shyam Kaushal'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematographer]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''C. K. Muraleedharan'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]] – ''[[Bosco Martis]] and [[Caesar Gonsalves]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]] – ''Anaita Shroff Adajania and Dolly Ahluwalia'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''[[Rajkumar Hirani]]'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Paa (film)|Paa]] – ''Christien Tinsley and Domini Till'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''Bishwadeep Chatterjee and Nihal Ranjan Samel'''''
|-
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re–Recording]]
! style="background:#FFC1CC;" ! style="width=50%" | [[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[3 Idiots]] – ''Anup Dev'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Aladin (2009 film)|Aladin]] – ''Charles Darby and Eyecube Labs'''''
|}

===Special awards===

====Green Globe Award====
* [[Vivek Oberoi]]

====Habitat Humanity Ambassadorship Award====
* Salman Khan

====Outstanding Achievement in Cinema====
* [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] '''(Indian Cinema – Male)'''
* [[Zeenat Aman]] '''(Indian Cinema – Female)'''
* [[Anil Kapoor]] '''(International Cinema)'''

==Superlatives==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Films with multiple nominations
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" |Nominations
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Film
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |14
|''[[3 Idiots]]''
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |10
|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|''Love Aaj Kal'']]
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
|''[[Kaminey]]''
|-
|[[Paa (film)|''Paa'']]
|-
|7
|''[[Dev.D]]''
|-
|6
|''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
|-
|5
|''[[De Dana Dan]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" |2
|''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]''
|-
|[[Gulaal (film)|''Gulaal'']]
|-
|''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]''
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Films with multiple awards
! scope="col" style="width:55px;" |Awards
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" |Film
|-
| scope="row" style="text-align:center" |16
|''[[3 Idiots]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |3
|[[Aladin (film)|''Aladin'']]
|-
|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|''Love Aaj Kal'']]
|-
|[[Paa (film)|''Paa'']]
|}

== See also ==
* [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.iifa.com/ IIFA.com] Official website
{{IIFA Awards}}

[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards|*]]
[[Category:Entertainment events in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:2010 Indian film awards]]

[[nl:IIFA-Award]]

Boko Assembly constituency

2025-12-16T08:24:28Z

MohammedMathieu: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Boko–Chaygaon Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
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Raja Mitra

2025-12-15T22:03:06Z

MohammedMathieu: Started New Info - done

{{Short description|Indian film director (1945–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raja Mitra
| image = Raja Mitra Director.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1945|01|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|12|20|1945|01|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Film director, music director
| years_active = 1978–2024
| notable_works = Ekti Jiban, Jataner Jami, Behula, Scroll Painters of Birbhum
| children = Roudra Mitra
| awards = [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]], [[National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film]], Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award
}}

'''Raja Mitra''' (17 January 1945 – 20 December 2024) was an Indian film director and music director who mainly worked in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilingual E-archive Digital Platform for Bengal's Cinema |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/ |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref> His first feature film, ''[[Ekti Jiban]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raja Mitra |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1238569%7C0/Raja-Mitra/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217205849/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1238569%7C0/Raja-Mitra/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Turner Classic Movies |language=en}}</ref> won the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|National Award for Best Debut Film]] of a Director in 1987 at the [[35th National Film Awards|35th National Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangla Cinema 100 |url=https://banglacinema100.com/profile-details/VjJsTloydGlaWE00UVVsbmNHcFRlVXRaV1RRMlVUMDk= |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=banglacinema100.com}}</ref> He received a [[Swarna Kamal]] (Golden Lotus) for "a very courageous first attempt of a director in tackling the subject of an individual unwavering in his conviction in the cultural value of his language and singlehandedly making available its enriching value to the generation of his people who will come after him".<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf |access-date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814103528/http://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/82_35thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Raja Mitra was born in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. He graduated from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1967.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Raja Mitra {{!}} La Semaine de la Critique of Festival de Cannes |url=https://www.semainedelacritique.com/en/directors/raja-mitra |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=Semaine de la Critique du Festival de Cannes |language=en}}</ref> Mitra was associated with several literary and film journals. He assisted [[Goutam Ghose]] in the period of 1978-80.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Beginning his career as a documentary and short filmmaker in 1978, Raja Mitra switched to feature films with ''Ekti Jiban''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekti Jiban / Portrait d'une vie {{!}} La Semaine de la Critique of Festival de Cannes |url=https://www.semainedelacritique.com/en/edition/1988/movie/ekti-jiban |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=Semaine de la Critique du Festival de Cannes |language=en}}</ref> which in 1988 won him the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Indira Gandhi National Award for the Best Film of a Director]]. It also won him the P.C. Barua award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RadioBanglaNet |date=8 March 2018 |title=Ekti Jiban Now Available for Online Viewing |url=https://radiobanglanet.com/ekti-jiban-now-available-online-viewing/ |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=RadioBanglaNet |language=en-US}}</ref> He directed 32 documentary films, including ''Coal for the Masses'', ''Economy of HS Oil in Railways'', ''Calcutta Footpath Dweller'', ''The Tribal Resistance'', ''Calcutta'', ''Past and Present'', ''Scroll Painters of Birbhum'', ''Towards a Global Breakthrough'', ''Jiban Patua'', ''Ashray'', ''Vidyasagar'', ''Beyond a Head Count'', ''Kalighat Paintings and Drawings'', ''Mural Paintings of Orissa'', ''Nachni'', ''Ananda Yatra'', ''Mobile Motif - A Journey from Regional to National'', and ''The Enchanted Desk''.
[[File:Raja Mitra directing Soumitra Chattopadhyay.jpg|alt=Mitra directing Soumitra Chattopadhyay|thumb|262x262px|Mitra directing [[Soumitra Chattopadhyay]], from the sets of Ekti Jiban (1987)]]
In 1989, his ''Painters of Birbhum'' was in the [[Indian Panorama]] and Italy's Popoli Festival. In 1991, it was in the Short Film Festival of Bangladesh, [[Kolkata International Film Festival|Kolkata's International Short Film Festival]] in 1992 and [[Mumbai International Film Festival|Mumbai's International Short Film Festival]] in 1998. His ''Jataner Jami'' was featured in the [[Indian Panorama]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2001 |title=Treat for film buffs |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/treat-for-film-buffs/articleshow/710655311.cms |access-date=28 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was also there at the [[Kolkata International Film Festival|Calcutta International Film Festival]] of 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 1999 |title=Documentary in India Today |url=https://www.documentary.org/feature/documentary-india-today |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=International Documentary Association |language=en}}</ref> His ''[https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150388746 Behula]'' won the Best Short Fiction Film at the 37th [[National Film Awards (India)|National Awards]] among the best of Indian cinema in 1989. This also won the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Bengal Film Journalists' Association award]] for Best Fiction Film in 1990.

== Death ==
Raja Mitra died from cancer on 20 December 2024, at the age of 79.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Rachana |title=সব শেষ! প্রয়াত জাতীয় পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্ত বহুল জনপ্রিয় বাঙালী পরিচালক... ক্যানসার কেড়ে নিল প্রাণ |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/tollywood-director-raja-mitra-passed-away-death-news-rmj-1991313.html?utm_source=Taboola&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=recirculation |access-date=20 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=20 December 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=National Award-winning filmmaker Raja Mitra passes away at 79 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/national-award-winning-filmmaker-passes-away-at-79/cid/2072061 |access-date=20 December 2024 |publisher=The Telegraph India |date=20 December 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
* ''[https://filmsdivision.org/shop/coal-for-the-masses Coal for The Masses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815023456/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/coal-for-the-masses |date=15 August 2024 }}'' (1978)
* ''Economy of HS Oil in Railways'' (1980)
* ''Calcutta Footpath Dweller'' (1981)
* ''The Tribal Resistance'' (1987)
* ''Calcutta, Past and Present'' (1987)
* [https://indiancine.ma/AESL/info Ekti Jiban] (1988)
* ''Scroll Painters of Birbhum'' (1989)
* ''Towards a Global Breakthrough'' (1991)
* ''Jiban Patua'' (1993)
* ''Ashray'' (1993)
* ''Vidyasagar'' (1993)
* ''Nayantara'' (1995)
* ''Jataner Jami'' (1997)
* ''Beyond a Head Count''
* ''Kalighat Paintings and Drawings'' (2002)
* ''Mural Paintings of Orissa'' (2003)
* ''Nachni (Dancing Girls of Rural Bengal)'' (2005)
* Drishti Pradip (2007)
* ''Ananda Yatra'' (2008)
* ''The Enchanted Desk'' (2008)
* ''Mobile Motif'' (2009)
* ''An Author Speaks'' (2012)

== Awards and recognitions ==
[[File:Raja Mitra with President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, receiving National Award for Best Music Direction, 2003.jpg|alt=Raja Mitra with President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|thumb|262x262px|'''Raja Mitra with President [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], receiving [[National Film Awards|National Award]] for Best Music Direction''']]
Raja Mitra's ''[https://indiancine.ma/BLPH/info Scroll Painters of Birbhum]'' won the Best Arts/Cultural Film at the 36th [[National Film Awards|National Awards]] in 1989<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/81_36thNfacatalogue.pdf |access-date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109153343/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/81_36thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> and was featured in the [[Indian Panorama]] apart from being screened in several [[Film festival|International Film Festivals]]. ''Behula'' in the following year won the Best Short Fiction Award and was invited to [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]].<ref name=":0" /> His second feature, ''Nayantara'', was in the [[Indian Panorama]] for 1996. Mitra's ''Jataner Jami'' was adjudged the [[National Film Awards|Best Non-Feature Film]] at the [[45th National Film Awards|45th National Awards]] for the best of Indian cinema in 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raja Mitra Awards |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Raja-Mitra/awards |access-date=28 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Raja won a [[National Film Awards#Golden Lotus Award|Golden Lotus]] ([[Swarna Kamal]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf |access-date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323163100/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Raja received a [[Silver Lotus Award|Silver Lotus]] ([[Rajat Kamal]]) for Best Music direction for ''[https://indianculture.nvli.in/video/kalighat-paintings-and-drawings Kalighat Paintings and Drawings]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' at the 50th National Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2012 |title=PIB Press Releases |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rjul2003/26072003/r260720034b.html |access-date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319022708/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rjul2003/26072003/r260720034b.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

Mitra served as a member of the jury in the [[International Film Festival of India|International Film Festival]] of India in 1989, the National Film Festival in 1992, and the selection panel for the [[Indian Panorama]] in 1990 and many a time. He has also been recognized by the [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]] as an acclaimed filmmaker.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name| 0593959}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=oehkAAAAMAAJ&q=raja%20mitra A Directory of Indian Documentary]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Raja}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Director whose film won the Best Debut Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]

History of Muhajirs

2025-12-02T23:29:37Z

MohammedMathieu: created a details

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{incomprehensible|date=June 2024}}
{{globalize|date=June 2024}}
}}
{{History of South Asia}}
'''Muhajir History''' or '''History of Muhajirs''' refers to the history and origins of the [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir people]] in [[Pakistan]]. Most Muhajirs migrated from what is now [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Gujarat]], and [[West Bengal]], and that results in close ties between the ethnic groups and histories.<ref name="Khalidi">{{cite journal |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |date=Autumn 1998 |title=From Torrent to Trickle: Indian Muslim Migration to Pakistan, 1947–97 |journal=Islamic Studies |publisher=Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad |volume=37 |pages=339–52 |jstor=20837002 |number=3}}</ref>

== Mughal Empire ==
{{Main|Mughal Empire}}
Muhajirs are sometimes called <nowiki>''the grandchildren of Mughals''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhajirs and MQM: Grandchildren of the mighty Mughal Empire {{!}} Mughal paintings, Painting, Mughal empire |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/wedding-festivities-of-emperor-aurangzeb-to-safavid-princess-dilras-banu-begum--373728469082639070/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muhajirs and MQM: Grandchildren of the mighty Mughal Empire |url=https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/muhajirs-and-mqm-grandchildren-of-the-mighty-mughal-empire.389968/ |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Pakistan Defence |language=en-US}}</ref> Most of the Muhajir culture is derived from the Mughal culture, especially the cuisine. Many Muhajirs are descendants of Mughals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lieven |first=Anatol |title=Pakistan : a hard country |date=2011 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-61039-021-7 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=710995260}}</ref> The development of Urdu, the most famous Muhajir language, as a common language of communication for people speaking different dialects is considered the greatest contribution in the field of literature during the Mughal rule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literature during Mughals |url=https://www.insightsonindia.com/medieval-indian-history/mughal-empire-including-later-mughals/literature-during-mughals/ |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=INSIGHTSIAS |language=en-US}}</ref> Mughals especially the later kings have the most vital role in the development and evolution of the Urdu language. They patronized literary men and created an enabling environment for the development of Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-04 |title=Contribution of Mughals in the field of literature |url=https://contentgenerate.com/contribution-of-mughals-in-the-field-of-literature/ |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Content Generate |language=en-US}}</ref>

== 1857 War for Independence ==
{{Main|1857 Mutiny|l1 = 1857 War for Independence}}
[[File:1st Regiment of Skinner's Horse returning from a General Review, 1828.jpg|thumb|Review of the Indian Musket Cavalry, composed of Indian Muslims]]
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against [[Company rule in India|the rule]] of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]], which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the [[The Crown|British Crown]].<ref name="marshall-197">{{Harvnb|Marshall|2007|p=197}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|David|2003|p=9}}</ref> The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a [[mutiny]] of [[sepoy]]s of the company's army in the [[Garrison|garrison town]] of [[Meerut]], an [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speaking]] city, {{Convert|40|mile|km|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Delhi]]. It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the [[Ganges Basin|upper Gangetic plain]] and [[central India]].{{efn|"The 1857 rebellion was by and large confined to northern Indian Gangetic Plain and central India."<ref name=bose-jalal-2003lead />}}<ref name="bose-jalal-2003lead">{{Harvnb|Bose|Jalal|2004|pp=72–73}}</ref>{{efn|"The revolt was confined to the northern Gangetic plain and central India."<ref name="Marriott2013" />}}<ref name="Marriott2013">{{Citation |last=Marriott |first=John |title=The other empire: Metropolis, India and progress in the colonial imagination |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXPLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195 |page=195 |year=2013 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-1-84779-061-3}}</ref> Most of the rebellion took place in [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speaking]] areas of India such as UP and Delhi, where [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] are from.

== British era ==
{{Empty section|date=June 2024}}
== Pakistan Movement ==
{{Main|Pakistan Movement}}
The '''Pakistan Movement''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|تحریکِ پاکستان}}|translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān}}) was a [[List of historical separatist movements|political movement]] in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of [[Pakistan]] from the Muslim-majority areas of [[British India]]. It was connected to the perceived need for self-determination for Muslims under British rule at the time. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] lead this movement after the [[Lahore Resolution|Pakistan Resolution]] was passed by the [[All-India Muslim League]], on March 23, 1940.

The Pakistan Movement started originally as the [[Aligarh Movement]], and as a result, the British Indian Muslims (mostly [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speakers]]) began to develop a secular political identity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burki |first=Shahid Javed |title=Pakistan: Fifty Years of Nationhood |publisher=Westview Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8133-3621-3 |edition=3rd |location=Boulder, CO |page=4 |quote=The university that [Sir Sayyid] founded in the town of Aligarh ... not only provided the Pakistan movement with its leadership but, later, also provided the new country of Pakistan with its first ruling elite ... Aligarh College made it possible for the Muslims to discover a new political identity: Being a Muslim came to have a political connotation-a connotation that was to lead this Indian Muslim community inexorably toward acceptance of the 'two-nation theory' |author-link=Shahid Javed Burki |orig-year=First published in 1986}}</ref> Soon thereafter, the [[All-India Muslim League|All India Muslim League]] was formed, which perhaps marked the beginning of the Pakistan Movement. Many of the top leadership of the movement were educated in Great Britain, with many of them educated at the Aligarh Muslim University. Many graduates of the [[Dhaka University]] soon also joined. In 1937, the [[West Punjabis]], [[Sindhis]] and [[Pushtuns]] rejected the AIML. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] won in India's [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]] and elsewhere (with AIML second only to Congress in India overall), yet received almost absolute rejection in [[present-day Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Without the muhajirs, Pakistan would not exist |url=https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/without-the-muhajirs-pakistan-would-not-exist.315385/ |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Pakistan Defence |language=en-US}}</ref> The largest support for independent Pakistan was from Muhajirs, chiefly from UP.<ref name=":0" /> Most of Pakistan's founders were Muhajirs.

== Migration ==
{{Main|Partition of India}}
[[File:A couple migrating from India To Pakistan with their household stuff and cattle during Partition.JPG|thumb|The photo monument depicting a couple migrating from India To Pakistan with their household stuff and cattle during [[Partition of India]].]]

It was the largest involuntary migration in human history, many Muslims migrating from India to Pakistan were killed by Hindus and Sikhs, many Muslims lost their families. However, the Muslims struck back and killed many innocent Hindus and Sikhs as well, who were migrating from Pakistan to India.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PEpDwAAQBAJ|title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan, New Edition|author=Yasmin Khan|date=4 July 2017|publisher=Yale University Press, 2017|isbn=9780300233643}}</ref>

=== First stage (August–November 1947) ===
[[File:Partition of Punjab, India 1947.jpg|thumb|Muslim refugees boarding a train in September 1947, similar to those involved in the massacre, with the intent of fleeing India.]]
There were three predominant stages of Muslim migration from India to West Pakistan. The first stage lasted from August–November 1947. In this stage of migration the Muslim immigrants originated from [[East Punjab]], [[Delhi]], the four adjacent districts of [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P.]] and the princely states of [[Alwar]] and [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] which are now part of the present day Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="Khalidi"/> The violence affecting these areas during partition precipitated an exodus of Muslims from these areas to Pakistan.<ref name="Khalidi" /> Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab crossed to West Punjab and settled in a culturally and linguistically similar environment.<ref name="Jaffrelot2016" />

The migration to Sindh was of a different nature to that in Punjab as the migrants to Sindh were ethnically heterog
enous and were linguistically different from the locals. The migrants were also more educated than the natives, and predominantly rural,<ref name="Shah1997">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7czT4fipTyoC&pg=PA47|title=The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994|author=Mehtab Ali Shah|date=15 November 1997|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-169-5|pages=47–}}</ref> Sindhi Muslims who had been less educated and less prosperous than the former Sindhi Hindu residents, suffered as a result. The migrants, who were urban, also tended to regard the local Sindhis as "backwards" and subservient to landowners.<ref name="KudaisyaYong2004" />

Prior to the partition, the majority of urban Sindh's population had been Hindu<ref name="Visweswaran2011">{{cite book|author=Kamala Visweswaran|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC&pg=PA96|date=6 May 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5|pages=96–}}</ref> but after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the majority of Sindh's Hindus migrated to India,<ref name="Jaffrelot2016" /> although a substantial number of Hindus did remain in Sindh.<ref name="Falzon2004">{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA6|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|pages=6–}}</ref> 1.1 million Muslims from Uttar Pradesh, Bombay Presidency, Delhi and Rajasthan settled in their place; half in Karachi and the rest across Sindh's other cities.<ref name="Rehman2000">{{cite book|author=Javaid Rehman|title=The Weaknesses in the International Protection of Minority Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHRMEoS7-YQC&pg=PA215|date=13 April 2000|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=90-411-1350-9|pages=215–}}</ref><ref name="Jaffrelot2016">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability And Resilience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQDzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT100|date=16 June 2016|publisher=Random House Publishers India Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-8400-707-7|pages=100–}}</ref> By the 1951 census, the migrants constituted 57 percent of the population of Karachi, 65 percent in Hyderabad and 55 percent in Sukkur. As [[Karachi]] was the capital of the new nation, educated urban migrants from Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bombay, Bihar and Hyderabad Deccan preferred it as their site of settlement for better access to employment opportunities. The migrants were compensated for their properties lost in India by being granted the evacuee property left behind by the departing Hindus.<ref name="KudaisyaYong2004">{{cite book|author1=Gyanesh Kudaisya|author2=Tan Tai Yong|title=The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPOBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA229|date=March 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-44048-1|pages=229–}}</ref> A sizable community of [[Malayali people|Malayali]] Muslims (the [[Malabar Muslims|Mappila]]), originally from [[Kerala]] in [[South India]], also settled in Karachi.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_where-malayalees-once-held-sway_4610 Where Malayalees once held sway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317161132/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_where-malayalees-once-held-sway_4610 |date=17 March 2013 }}, DNA India</ref> The partition brought about quite exceptional circumstances that facilitated the implementation of these strategies.<ref>Delage, R., 2014. [http://www.booksandideas.net/Muslim-Castes-in-India.html Muslim Castes in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000710/http://www.booksandideas.net/Muslim-Castes-in-India.html |date=31 August 2017 }}. India: Books Ideas.</ref>

=== Second stage (December 1947 – December 1971) ===
[[File:India - Pakistan Refugees.ogv|thumb|This film contrasts the old and new India and Pakistan, with emphasis on the Bangladesh and Kashmir disputes.]]
Many Muslim families from India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950s and even early 1960s. This second stage (December 1947 – December 1971) of the migration was from areas in the present-day Indian states of [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P]]., [[Delhi]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. The main destination of these migrants was Karachi and the other urban centers of Sindh.<ref name="Khalidi" />

In 1959 the [[International Labour Organization|International Labor Organization (ILO)]] published a report stating that between the period of 1951–1956, a number of 650,000 Muslims from India relocated to West Pakistan.<ref name="Khalidi" /> However, Visaria (1969) raised doubts about the authenticity of the claims about Indian Muslim migration to Pakistan, since the [[1951 Census of Pakistan|1961 Census of Pakistan]] did not corroborate these figures. However, the 1961 Census of Pakistan did incorporate a statement suggesting that there had been a migration of 800,000 people from [[India]] to [[Pakistan]] throughout the previous decade.<ref name="lse.ac.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/asiaResearchCentre/_files/ARCWP04-Karim.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127011533/http://www.lse.ac.uk/asiaResearchCentre/_files/ARCWP04-Karim.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2016 }}</ref> Of those who had left for Pakistan, most never came back. The Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] conveyed distress about the continued migration of Indian Muslims to West Pakistan:<ref name="Khalidi" /><blockquote>There has...since 1950 been a movement of some Muslims from India to Western Pakistan through the Jodhpur-Sindh via Khokhropar. Normally, traffic between India and West Pakistan was controlled by the permit system. But these Muslims going via Khokhropar went without permits to West Pakistan. From January 1952 to the end of September, 53,209 Muslim emigrants went via Khokhropar....Most of these probably came from the U.P. In October 1952, up to the 14th, 6,808 went by this route. After that Pakistan became much stricter on allowing entry on the introduction of the passport system. From 15 October to the end of October, 1,247 went by this route. From 1 November, 1,203 went via Khokhropar.<ref name="Khalidi" /></blockquote>Indian Muslim migration to West Pakistan continued unabated despite the cessation of the permit system between the two countries and the introduction of the passport system between the two countries. The Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru once again expressed concern at the continued migration of Indian Muslims to West Pakistan in a communication to one of his chief ministers (dated 1, December 1953):<blockquote>A fair number of Muslims cross over to Pakistan from India, via Rajasthan and Sindh daily. Why do these Muslims cross over to Pakistan at the rate of three to four thousand a month? This is worth enquiring into, because it is not to our credit that this should be so. Mostly they come from Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan or Delhi. It is evident that they do not go there unless there is some fear or pressure on them. Some may go in the hope of employment there. But most of them appear to feel that there is no great future for them in India. I have already drawn your attention to difficulties in the way of Government service. Another reason, I think, is the fear of Evacuee Property Laws [EPL]. I have always considered these laws both in India and Pakistan as most iniquitous. In trying to punish a few guilty persons, we punish or injure large numbers of perfectly innocent people...the pressure of the Evacuee Property Laws applies to almost all Muslims in certain areas of India. They cannot easily dispose of their property or carry on trade for fear that the long arm of this law might hold them down in its grip. It is this continuing fear that comes in the way of normal functioning and normal business and exercises a powerful pressure on large numbers of Muslims in India, especially in the North and the West.<ref name="Khalidi" /></blockquote>In 1952 the passport system was introduced for travel purposes between the two countries. This made it possible for Indian Muslims to legally move to Pakistan. Pakistan still required educated and skilled workers to absorb into its economy at the time, due to relatively low levels of education in the regions which became part of Pakistan. As late as December 1971, the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi was authorized to issue documents to educationally qualified Indians to migrate to Pakistan.<ref name="Khalidi" /> The legal route was taken by unemployed but educated Indian Muslims seeking better fortunes, however poorer Muslims from India continued to go illegally via the Rajasthan-Sindh border until the 1965 India-Pakistan war when that route was shut. After the conclusion of the 1965 war, most Muslims who wanted to go to Pakistan had to go there via the India-East Pakistani border. Once reaching Dhaka, most made their way to the final destination-Karachi. However, not all managed to reach West Pakistan from East Pakistan.<ref name="Khalidi" />

A large number of Urdu-speaking Muslims from [[Bihar]] went to [[East Pakistan]] after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. After the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|formation of Bangladesh in 1971]], the Biharis maintained their loyalty to Pakistan and wanted to leave Bangladesh for Pakistan. The majority of these people still await repatriation, however, 178,000 have been repatriated.<ref name="HofmannCaruso2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yKCKe7J9Uq4C&pg=PA101|title=Minority Rights in South Asia|author1=Rainer Hofmann|author2=Ugo Caruso|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2011|isbn=978-3-631-60916-3|pages=101–}}</ref> In 2015, the Pakistani government stated that the remaining '[[Stranded Pakistanis]]' are not its responsibility but rather the responsibility of Bangladesh.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/861364/stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh-not-pakistans-responsibility-fo-tells-sc/|title=Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh not Pakistan's responsibility, FO tells SC|date=30 March 2015|newspaper=The Express Tribune|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502165931/http://tribune.com.pk/story/861364/stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh-not-pakistans-responsibility-fo-tells-sc/|archive-date=2 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Third stage (1973-1990s) ===
The third stage which lasted between 1973 and the 1990s was when migration levels of Indian Muslims to Pakistan was reduced to its lowest levels since 1947.<ref name="Khalidi" />

Indian Muslim migration to Pakistan had declined drastically by the 1970s, a trend noticed by the Pakistani authorities. In June 1995, Pakistan's interior minister, [[Naseerullah Babar]], informed the National Assembly that between the period of 1973–1994, as many as 800,000 visitors came from India on valid travel documents. Of these, only 3,393 stayed.<ref name="Khalidi" /> In a related trend, intermarriages between Indian and Pakistani Muslims have declined sharply. According to a November 1995 statement of Riaz Khokhar, the Pakistani High Commissioner in New Delhi, the number of cross-border marriages has declined from 40,000 a year in the 1950s and 1960s to barely 300 annually.<ref name="Khalidi" />

== Post-Migration ==

{{Empty section|date=February 2023}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Citation| last1=Bose| first1=Sugata| author1-link=Sugata Bose| last2=Jalal| first2=Ayesha| author2-link=Ayesha Jalal| year=2004| title=Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy| place=London| publisher=Routledge| edition=2nd| page=[https://archive.org/details/modernsouthasiah00bose/page/253 253]| isbn=978-0-415-30787-1| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/modernsouthasiah00bose/page/253}}
* {{Citation | last = David | first = Saul | author-link = Saul David |year = 2003 | title = The Indian Mutiny: 1857 | publisher=London: [[Penguin Books]]|page= 528 |isbn = 978-0-14-100554-6}}
* {{Citation| last = Marshall| first = P. J.| author-link = P. J. Marshall | year = 2007 | title = The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India, and America c.1750–1783 | publisher = Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. |page= 400| isbn = 978-0-19-922666-5}}

[[Category:Muhajir history| ]]
[[Category:Demographic history of Pakistan|Muhajir]]

Jaynagarer Moa

2025-11-27T01:00:37Z

MohammedMathieu:

{{Short description|Confectionery of West Bengal, India}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Jaynagarer Moa
| color = Blue
| logo =
| image = Joynagar_Moa_-_Howrah_2016-01-26_9258.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| alt = Jaynagarer Moa
| caption = Jaynagarer Moa
| alternative names = জয়নগরের মোয়া
| description = Confectionery of [[Bengal]]
| type = Foodstuff
| area = [[Jaynagar Majilpur]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| registered = {{start date and age|2015|03|23|df=yes}}
| material = [[Date Palm]], [[Jaggery]], [[Kanakchur|Kanakchur Khoi]], [[Ghee|Gawa Ghee]], [[Cardamom]] and [[Poppy Seed]]
| official website = https://joynagarermoa.com/
}}

'''Jaynagarer Moa''' ({{langx|bn|জয়নগরের মোয়া}}) is a seasonal [[Bengali people|Bengali]] sweetmeat delicacy prepared from [[date palm]] [[jaggery]] and [[Kanakchur|Kanakchur khoi]]. This variety of Moa originated in [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is now a popular sweet, being produced in [[Kolkata]] and elsewhere, sometimes with cheaper ingredients and chemical flavours.<ref name=moa1>{{cite news| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Dont-go-by-flavour-its-not-Joynagarer-moa/articleshow/18012560.cms |title = Don't go by flavour, it's not Jaynagarer Moa|last=Chakraborty|first= Monotosh | newspaper=The Times of India | date=14 January 2013 | publisher= The Times of India, 14 January 2013 | access-date = 2013-02-15}}</ref> Jaynagarer Moa was given a [[Geographical Indication]] tag in 2015<ref name="Datta">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=From Joynagar to the world: The journey of Bengal's favourite 'moa' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/food/from-joynagar-to-the-world-the-journey-of-bengals-favourite-moa/cid/1909873 |access-date=21 January 2023 |agency=The Telegraph |issue=My Kolkata |date=14 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="Dastidar">{{cite news |last1=Dastidar |first1=Rajlakshmi |title=This fragile sweet from Bengal is available only for a short period in the winter |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/71183/bengal-and-its-relationship-with-joynagars-moya |access-date=21 January 2023 |agency=Outlook Traveller |date=26 February 2021}}</ref> which will enable the product to be protected from unauthorized uses and piracy.<ref name="toi">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Special-packaging-for-Joynagar-Moa/articleshow/50798946.cms |title=Special packaging for Jaynagarer Moa ? |work=The Times of India|date=2016-02-01 |access-date=2016-02-03}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Jaynagarer Moa in West Bengal, India, photo by Yogabrata Chakraborty.jpg|thumb|''Jaynagarer Moa'' in West Bengal]]
In 1920s two friends Purna Chandra Ghosh (aka Purna) and Nityagopal Sarkar (aka Buchki) started selling the Moa in local weekly markets and it came to be known as Buchki's Moa, which later came to be known as Joynagarer Moa. In 1929 Buchki and Purna set up their own sweet shop named Sri Krishna Mistanna Bhandar in [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] Town, near [[Jaynagar Majilpur railway station]]. The shop is still in operation and is managed by the granddaughter of Ghosh.<ref name="Datta"/>

==Recipe==
Jaynagarer Moa is made with ''Nolen Gur'' (jaggery made from [[Phoenix dactylifera|date palm]] tree extract with exquisite taste and aroma), Kanakchur khoi (a form of popped rice made from a special variety of aromatic rice), ''[[Ghee|Gawa ghee]]'' (a type of [[clarified butter]] made from cow's milk), ''{{lang|bn|elach}}'' ([[cardamom]]), and ''posto'' ([[poppy seed]]). Both ''Nolen Gur'' and Kanakchur rice are winter products (available around November to January) and hence Jaynagarer Moa is available during this period only.<ref name=moa1/> The ordinary or common Moa is a small crispy ball made of puffed rice ("Muri" rather than "Khoi") and jaggery. It is produced in homes all over [[Bengal]] and is also generally available in grocery shops in small plastic packets, throughout the year.

There are over 250 sweetmeat shops around Jaynagar, which produce Jaynagarer Moa with the original ingredients.<ref name=moa2>{{cite web| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Joynagar-moa-may-be-patented/articleshow/4265549.cms | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120227155216/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-15/kolkata/28011284_1_patent-office-darjeeling-tea-gi-product | url-status = live | archive-date = 27 February 2012 |title =Jaynagarer Moa may be patented|last= Mukherji|first= Udit Prasanna | work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 8 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Application">{{cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/382/382%20-%20Form%20GI-1%20-%2010-05-2012.pdf|title=Application for registration of a geographical indication by Jaynagarer Moa Nirmankari Society|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023048/http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/382/382%20-%20Form%20GI-1%20-%2010-05-2012.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Challenges==
The popularity of the dish has led in recent years to sweetmeat makers all over [[West Bengal]], particularly [[Kolkata]], producing large quantities of Jaynagarer Moa using cheaper ingredients flavoured with chemical aromatics and marketing them as Jaynagarer Moa.<ref name=moa2/>

Since 2013, date palm jaggery became harder to come by due to the decrease in the number of date palms in West Bengal and the shift of members of the Shiuli community, traditional producers of "Nolen Gur" from date palm juice, to other professions.<ref name="moa1" /> Similarly, Kanakchur rice is a local variant which grows only in winter and through traditional fertiliser-free techniques only.<ref name=moa2/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Portal|Food}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/joynagarer-moa-the-brand-that-defines-a-town|title=Joynagarer Moa-the brand that defines a town|website=GetBengal.com|publisher=Get Bengal|first=Shuvra|last=Dey|date=2 December 2020|access-date=13 January 2023}}

{{South 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Sweets of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian desserts]]
[[Category:South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Geography of Jaynagar Majilpur]]

Oos Raat Ke Baad

2025-10-10T07:12:11Z

MohammedMathieu: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of Hindi films of 1969#O-R]]

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N. S. Subba Rao

2025-10-09T13:57:39Z

MohammedMathieu: Added new bio - done

{{Short description|Indian professor and vice chancellor (1885–1943)}}
{{distinguish|Salem Nanjundaiah Subba Rao}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific suffix =
| name = N. S. Subba Rao
| birth_name = Nanjanagud Subbaraya Subba Rao
| pseudonym =
| native_name_lang = kn
| image = Portrait Photograph of N. S. Subba Rao.jpg
| alt = N. S. Subba Rao
| caption = N. S. Subba Rao
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1885|03|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Srirangapatna, [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|06|29|1885|03|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| resting_place =
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja's College, Mysore]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Economist
* Principal
* Vice Chancellor
* Educationist
}}
| language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]], English, French, Latin
| nationality = Indian
| period = 1910 - 1942
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = '''Rajakaryapraveena of the Gandabherunda Order'''
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = [https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/n-s-subba-rao N. S. Subba Rao]
}}
'''Nanjanagud Subbaraya Subba Rao''' (14 March 1885 – 29 June 1943) was a professor of [[economics]] at [[Maharaja's College, Mysore|Maharaja College, Mysore]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Sastry|first=T. V. Venkatachala|title=ಬದುಕು, ಬರೆಹ, ನೆನಪು - ಉಪಕುಲಪತಿ ಏನ್. ಎಸ್. ಸುಬ್ಬರಾಯರು (Biography of N. S. Subba Rao)|publisher=Vasantha Prakashana|year=2019|isbn=|location=Bangalore|pages=10–14|language=Kannada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Subba Rao, N.S (Personal Name) › Authority search › Mysore University Library System catalog|url=http://libcatmysore.informaticsglobal.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=3851|access-date=2022-01-03|website=libcatmysore.informaticsglobal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Murty; Vohra|first=K. Satchidananda; Ashok|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMkl8KIimecC|title=Radhakrishnan - His Life and Ideas|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1989|isbn=9781438414010|pages=17|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=S. Naganath|first=Bhagirath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSdBEAAAQBAJ|title=Memorable Mysoreans - A Collection of Biographical Sketches|publisher=Notion Press|year=2021|isbn=9781685097875|location=Chennai, India|pages=54|language=English}}</ref> He later became Principal of Maharaja College, Mysore and retired as the [[Vice-chancellor|Vice Chancellor]] of [[University of Mysore]] from 1937 - 42.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=N. S. Subba Rao {{!}} Dr. S. Srikanta Sastri - Official Website|url=https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/n-s-subba-rao|access-date=2022-01-02|website=Dr.S.Srikanta Sastri|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=of Mysore|first=Star|date=31 August 2018|title=Reflections on Mysore University|page=1|work=Star of Mysore|url=https://starofmysore.com/reflections-on-mysore-university/|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> Subba Rao was a student of [[Alfred Marshall]] at [[St John's College, Cambridge|Saint John's College, Cambridge]], between 1905 and 1909 where he completed his M. A. Tripos exam and Bar-at-Law qualification. N. S. Subba Rao was a contemporary of [[John Maynard Keynes]] and [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] and had a close working relationship with both of them for nearly two decades.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=N. S. Subba|title=Address of Welcome|date=1941|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42743688|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|volume=2|issue=4|pages=410–412|jstor=42743688|issn=0019-5510}}</ref> Among the prominent contributions of N. S. Subba Rao are ''The Scouts and Guides Movement'', ''Mysore University Co-operative Society'', establishment ''of University and Central Libraries'',<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Shapers of Destiny {{!}} Maharajas College|url=http://maharajas.uni-mysore.ac.in/content/shapers-destiny|access-date=2022-01-02|website=maharajas.uni-mysore.ac.in}}</ref> ''Taxation Reforms'' both at Central and State level,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Govt. of Mysore|first=Proceedings|title=Reports of the Mysore University (1917 - 18)|publisher=Government of Mysore|year=1918|location=Mysore|pages=1|language=English}}</ref> ''Educational Reforms'' in the form of instituting Kannada medium of instruction in high schools, Founding of the first modern ''Yoga School'' at Mysore (by helping [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya]]), ''Economic Reforms'' through his contributions at the [[Round Table Conferences (India)#Third Round Table Conference (November – December 1932)|London Round Table Conference]] (1930–32) along with Sir [[Mirza Ismail]] leading to the eventual formulation of the 'Indian Constitution Act' (1935) and lastly in the ''recruitment'' of future literary scholars and writers like [[M. Hiriyanna]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-26|title=The Unalloyed Erudition of M. Hiriyanna|url=https://medium.com/prekshaa-journal/the-unalloyed-erudition-of-m-hiriyanna-52684195781f|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Prekshaa Journal|language=en}}</ref> [[G. P. Rajarathnam]], [[S. Srikanta Sastri]], [[Kuvempu]], T. S. Venkannayya<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=VENKANNAIAH T|url=https://shastriyakannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/VENKANNAIAH%20T.S.%20HTML.htm|access-date=2022-01-06|website=shastriyakannada.org}}</ref> and [[A. R. Krishnashastry|A. R. Krishna Shastry]] as faculty at the nascent University.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brahmananda |first1=P.R. |title=V. L.D'Souza, M. H. Gopal and Their Environs |journal=The Indian Economic Journal |date=September 1994 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=134–139 |id={{ProQuest|1292949943}} |doi=10.1177/0019466219940110 |s2cid=254294413 }}</ref>

__TOC__

==Early years==
N. S. Subba Rao was born in [[Srirangapatna]], [[Mysore State|Mysore]] on 14 March 1885. His father [[Nanjangud|Nanjanagud]] Subbaraya was a lawyer by profession. Subba Rao had an elder brother N. Narasimha Murthy who was an officer in British Resident [[Stuart Fraser (diplomat)|Sir Stuart Milford Fraser]]'s office at Mysore. His younger sister was Kaveramma. Subba Rao completed his matriculation exam at Srirangapatna and then moved to Central College, Bangalore for his F. A. course. Here, he was a student of [[John Guthrie Tait]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=TATE|first=JOHN GUTHRIE|title=TAIT, JOHN GUTHRIE - Biography (Cambridge University)|url=https://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=TT880JG&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50|access-date=9 January 2022|website=Cambridge Alumni Database}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Papers of John Guthrie Tait, 1861-1945, Professor of English literature and principal of the Central College, Bangalore, India - Archives Hub|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb559-ms29|access-date=2022-01-09|website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Archives|first=The National|title=The Discovery Service|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F31225|access-date=2022-01-09|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> (J. G. Tait) - the eminent Scottish educator<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scott|first=Walter|url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/476644/Copyright?|title=The journal...1829-32|date=1946|publisher=Oliver for the Editor|location=Edinb}}</ref> and later Principal of [[Central College, Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Guthrie Tait (1861-1945)|url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/14491892/john_guthrie_tait/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=data.bnf.fr|language=fr}}</ref> At the end of the F. A. course, Tate recommended Subba Rao to Rev. William Skinner and Rev. Earle Monteith MacPhail at [[Madras Christian College]], [[Chennai|Madras]] for his [[Bachelor of Arts|B. A. degree]]. Subba Rao completed his B. A. in 1904 with a gold medal. Subsequent to this, the Mysore Government extended the 'Damodar Das Educational Scholarship' to enable his further education at Cambridge.<ref name=":0" />

== Education in England ==
[[File:Keynes 1933.jpg|left|thumb|John Maynard Keynes (1933)]]
N. S. Subba Rao was at St. John's College, Cambridge from 1905 to 1909. He was a student of Alfred Marshall and studied economics, political science and European history. His contemporaries here included John Maynard Keynes and Arthur Cecil Pigou. Subba Rao published an essay titled "Political and Economic conditions of Ancient India, as described in the Jatakas",<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Rao|first=Nanjanagud Subbaraya Subba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-dAAQAAMAAJ|title=Economic and Political Conditions in Ancient India: as Described in the Jatakas|publisher=Wesleyan Mission Press|year=1911|location=Bangalore|pages=1–106|language=English}}</ref> which won him the prestigious Le Bas award in 1909. He completed his Tripos exam at Cambridge (M. A. Cantab.) while simultaneously finishing his Bar-at-Law qualification. During his four years in England, Subba Rao toured France, Germany and a few other European nations before returning to India on 28 October 1909. His close friendship with Keynes was something he treasured for years to come. Both Keynes and Subba Rao maintained a close correspondence for nearly two decades.<ref name=":7">{{Citation|last=Chandavarkar|first=Anand|title=Keynes: The Guru|date=1989|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374775_8|work=Keynes and India: A Study in Economics and Biography|pages=150–179|editor-last=Chandavarkar|editor-first=Anand|series=Keynesian Studies|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/9780230374775_8|isbn=978-0-230-37477-5|access-date=2022-01-02|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Keynes even recommended Subba Rao's name to the India Office at Calcutta for a high position in the British India Government - an offer which Subba Rao had to kindly decline owing to his sense of obligation to the Mysore Government and Royalty which had funded his higher education at Cambridge for four years.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chandavarkar|first=Anand G.|date=1983|title=Keynes and India: A Centennial Review and Appraisal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4372286|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=18|issue=28|pages=1233–1237|jstor=4372286|issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Keynes|first=John Maynard|title=Keynes Writings on India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|pages=5, 6|language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Chandavarkar|first=A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RWHDAAAQBAJ&dq=Keynes+and+Subba+Rao&pg=PA166|title=Keynes and India: A Study in Economics and Biography|date=1990-01-22|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-37477-5|language=en}}</ref> Keynes described Subba Rao as a "''Good Marshallian of the Orthodox Sect"''<ref name=":1" />''.''

An excerpt from a letter from Subba Rao to Maynard Keynes:<ref name=":1" /> <blockquote>''"My dearest Keynes, I found that a good many officers in the Secretariat (in the Mysore State Government Offices) had read your papers in the ‘Economic Journal’ and in the ‘Madras Mail’ – which surprised me, as we do not pretend to be up to date here! I miss Cambridge itself. I did not think I had become so fond of the place…. You will not believe me if I tell you how often I am back at Cambridge in my waking thoughts and dreams – with kindest regards, yours sincerely –'' N. S. Subba Rao"''.''</blockquote>

== Return to India ==
N. S. Subba Rao returned to India on 28 October 1909. In 1910, he was appointed as a lecturer in Economics at Maharaja College, Mysore. Here, in addition to Economics, Subba Rao taught Political Science, European History and English Literature as well.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Mysore|first=University|title=Maharaja College Brochure|publisher=University of Mysore|year=2016|location=Mysore|pages=1|language=English}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Among his foremost students here was the future Kannada writer and poet [[V. Seetharamaiah]].<ref name=":2" /> The University of Mysore came into existence on 27 July 1916.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About UOM|url=http://uni-mysore.ac.in/english-version/about-uom|access-date=2022-01-03|website=uni-mysore.ac.in}}</ref> N. S. Subba Rao took charge as Principal of Maharaja College, Mysore from C. R. Reddy on 24 September 1917 and held the post till 1928.<ref name=":0" />

== University years ==
[[File:Maharaja College Group Photo with N. S. Subba Rao and B. M. Srikantaiah.jpg|left|thumb|'''Sitting on Chairs''': L – R: 1. M. R. Sreenivasa Murthy 2. A. N. Narasimaiah 3. B. Venkobachar 4. T. S. Venkannayya 5. B. M. Srikantaiah 6. N. S. Subba Rao 7. B. Venkatanaranappa 8. ? 9. Tiruvallur Sreenivasa Raghavacharya 10. V. Seetharamaiah '''Standing behind chairs''': L – R: 1. Nittoor Sreenivasa Rao 2. K. Anantaramaiah 3. M. R. Varadachar 8. P. Sreenivasa Rao '''Sitting on floor''': 4. K. Gopalakrishna Rao]]
N. S. Subba Rao was a founding member and first professor in the newly established economics department at the nascent University of Mysore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=drkps: A Brief Early life sketch and Educational Carrier|url=http://www.drkps.com/cetest-firstpage/a-brief-early-life-sketch-and-educational-carrier.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=www.drkps.com}}</ref> N. S. Subba Rao was instrumental in founding a dedicated publishing division in the University of Mysore by the name of Prasaranga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All works of G Hanumantha Rao should be published: Prof TV Venkatachala Shastry – Mysuru Today|url=https://citytoday.news/all-works-of-g-hanumantha-rao-should-be-published-prof-tv-venkatachala-shastry/|access-date=2022-01-03|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-17|title=UoM Prasaranga to publish research thesis in book form again|url=https://starofmysore.com/uom-prasaranga-to-publish-research-thesis-in-book-form-again/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1919, N. S. Subba Rao was invited to Ceylon to foresee the establishment of the State University in Ceylon. In July 1927, N. S. Subba Rao delivered many prominent papers on Economics and Administration in the National Educational Conference as representative of the Mysore Government. These papers won him favourable reviews by K. Myathen and E. G. McAlpine. Subba Rao founded the Mysore University Co-operative Society in 1923 to offer financial aid for the teaching fraternity. He introduced Kannada medium of instruction in High Schools across the state in July 1935.<ref name=":5" /> Subba Rao was Vice Chancellor of the University of Mysore and Chairman of the Academic Council from 1937 - 42.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Subba Rao|first=N. S.|date=3 January 2022|title=University of Mysore Calendar for 1937 - 38|url=https://ia601609.us.archive.org/31/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.85871/2015.85871.University-Of-Mysore-The-Calendar-For-1937-1938-Vol-Ii.pdf|access-date=3 January 2022|website=Internet Archive.org}}</ref> He played a key role in convincing [[S. Srikanta Sastri]] to take up writing "Sources of Karnataka History, Vol I" and getting it eventually published in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S Srikanta Sastri (Part 5) {{!}} Prekshaa|url=https://www.prekshaa.in/s-srikanta-sastri-part5|access-date=2022-01-03|website=www.prekshaa.in}}</ref> Subba Rao chaired a meeting with Thomas Denham and [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee|Radha Kumudh Mukherjee]] in 1918 towards establishment of Mysore University library. Along with [[B. M. Srikantaiah]] and M. Venkatakrishnayya, Subba Rao took a keen interest in the establishment of the Mysore Government Central Library at Mysore.<ref name=":6" /> His idea for starting a "College Library Scholarship Fund" was a boon for many a poor student at the university. N. S. Subba Rao prevailed on [[A. R. Krishnashastry|A. R. Krishna Shastry]], who was then Editor of "''Prabhuddha Karnataka''" to widen the magazine's horizons by including non-literary articles and to include contributions from readers outside the Mysore Princely State area.<ref name=":2" /> N. S. Subba Rao was responsible for recruiting many a future literary stalwart into the university as faculty. This was testament to his keen eye for academic talent and his administrative acumen in recruiting them into the university. This list includes the likes of M. Hiriyanna, [[G. P. Rajarathnam]], [[S. Srikanta Sastri]], T. S. Venkannayya,<ref name=":9" /> [[Kuvempu]] and [[A. N. Murthy Rao]] among others.

== Socio-political and economic reforms ==
Under Sir [[Brajendra Nath Seal|Brajendranath Seal]]'s Vice Chancellorship, Subba Rao was a member of the Council for Political Reforms (1926–27). As Member of the Textile Tariff Board, Subba Rao was able to bring his vast Economics knowledge and experience in solving many of the tariff issues.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the Indian Tariff Board Cotton Textile Industry Enquiry 1927|url=http://indianculture.gov.in/report-indian-tariff-board-cotton-textile-industry-enquiry-1927-0|access-date=2022-01-03|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref> He accompanied [[Mirza Ismail|Diwan Sir Mirza Ismail]] to the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|London Round Table Conference]] (1930–32) and played a crucial role in the subsequent formulation of [[Government of India Act 1935|The Indian Constitution Act of 1935]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Indian Government.|url=http://archive.org/details/indianroundtable029616mbp|title=Indian Round Table Conference Proceedings|date=1931|publisher=Government Of India.|others=Osmania University, Digital Library Of India}}</ref> Subba Rao presided as Secretary of Mythic Society, Bangalore<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Mythic Society|url=https://mythicsociety.org/about-mythic-society/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Mythic Society|language=en-US}}</ref> from 1939 to 1942 and was instrumental in arranging many historical seminars during his tenure. This was in addition to him expanding the Mythic Society library which now holds a significant number of old inscriptions and epigraphical records. Subba Rao persuaded [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Maharaja Nalvadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar]] to allot a portion of the present day [[Jaganmohan Palace|Jagan Mohan Palace]] at Mysore to Yoga exponent [[Tirumalai Krishnamacharya]] thus paving the way for the first formal School of Yoga in the Princely State of Mysore.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnamacharya|first=Tirumalai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUgBIrn5REwC|title=Yoga Body - The Origins of Modern Posture Practice|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2010|isbn=9780199745982|location=USA|pages=177|language=English}}</ref>

== Lectures and collected writings ==
[[File:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar 1881-1940.jpg|thumb|Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar (1881-1940)]]
In 1910, Subba Rao delivered a lecture at Mythic Society, Bangalore elaborating on the paper which had won him the 'Le Bas' award at Cambridge. This was later published in the Quarterly Journal of Mythic Society (QJMS) Issue of 1910 and later by Wesleyan Mission Press in 1911.<ref name=":8" /> Subba Rao's foreword to M. N. Srinivas' "Marriage and Family in Mysore" published in 1942 is considered a seminal work for its depth and understanding of the prevalent sociological realities of Mysore state.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Srinivas|first=M. N.|url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/162786|title=Marriage and family in Mysore|date=1942|publisher=New Book Co|location=Bombay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mandelbaum; M. Albert; Lasker|first=David Goodman; Ethel; Gabriel Ward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7_-zCNiFJEC|title=Resources for the Teaching of Anthropology-Volumes 95–96|publisher=University of California Press|year=1963|location=California, USA|pages=206|language=English}}</ref> N. S. Subba Rao's monograph on changing realities of Education in India came forth under the title of "Education in Changing India" in 1933.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Education in Changing India|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=24008&recCount=25&recPointer=1&bibId=7668078|access-date=2022-01-02|website=catalog.loc.gov}}</ref> His essay on Vocational Training in India came forth under the title of "Vocational Education" in 1932.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Vocational Education|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=24008&recCount=25&recPointer=0&bibId=10201876|access-date=2022-01-02|website=catalog.loc.gov|language=en}}</ref> N. S. Subba Rao delivered a series of lectures as part of the Sir William Meyer Lectures Series from 1932 - 33 at Madras on "Some Aspects of Economic Planning".These were later published by Bangalore Press in 1935.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Some aspects of economic planning; being Sir William Meyer lectures, 1932-33, University of Madras|url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=24049&recCount=25&recPointer=2&bibId=5960067|access-date=2022-01-02|website=catalog.loc.gov|language=en}}</ref> Subba Rao delivered a guest lecture at the 'Indian Economic Association', Allahabad in 1929. In 1940, Subba Rao delivered the inaugural address of 'All India Economic and Political Congress' at Mysore. In 1943, he delivered ten lectures on 'Rural Reconstruction in India' at Delhi University as part of 'Sir Kikibhai Premchand Lecture Series'.

== Recognition ==
In recognition of a lifetime of contribution to the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Princely State of Mysore]], the Maharaja of Mysore [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Nalwadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar]] conferred on N. S. Subba Rao the 'Rajakaryapraveena of the Gandabherunda Order' in 1937.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Srinivas|first=Mysore Narasimhachar|title=Marriage and family in Mysore.|date=1979|publisher=AMS Press|isbn=978-0-404-15975-7|location=Place of publication not identified|language=English|oclc=500183776}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mandelbaum|first1=David Goodman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7_-zCNiFJEC&dq=Rajakaryapraveena+N.+S.+Subba+Rao&pg=PA206|title=Resources for the Teaching of Anthropology|last2=Lasker|first2=Gabriel Ward|last3=Albert|first3=Ethel M.|date=1963|publisher=University of California Press|language=en}}</ref> The University of Mysore has instituted 'The N. S. Subba Rao Cash Prize' to the student with the highest marks in the M. A. Economics each year.<ref name=":3" /> Poet Laureate [[Rabindranath Tagore]] had a fond relationship with N. S. Subba Rao through their many correspondences and even introduced him at one of the International Conferences as a "''Prince Among Men!''".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Venkatesh Iyengar|first=Masti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtHtDwAAQBAJ|title=AKASHVANI - Vol. XXVI. No. 44. ( 29 OCTOBER, 1961 )|publisher=Publications Division (India), New Delhi|year=1961|location=New Delhi, India|pages=53|language=English}}</ref> N. S. Subba Rao was appointed as Honorary Secretary of 'Inter-University Association' from 1923 - 25. He presided over the 'All India Educational Conference' in 1931. N. S. Subba Rao also presided over the [[Kannada Sahitya Sammelana|Kannada Sahitya Sammelan]] at Bombay in December 1935.<ref name=":2" />

== Death ==
N. S. Subba Rao died on 29 June 1943 at the age of 58 years at [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":2" />

== Bibliography ==

* Venkatachala Sastry, T. V. (2019). ಬದುಕು, ಬರೆಹ, ನೆನಪು - ಉಪಕುಲಪತಿ ಏನ್. ಎಸ್. ಸುಬ್ಬರಾಯರು (Biography of N. S. Subba Rao) (in Kannada). Bangalore: Vasantha Prakashana. pp. 10–14.
* Murty, Vohra; K. Satchidananda, Ashok. (1989). Radhakrishnan - His Life and Ideas. State University of New York Press. p. 17. {{ISBN|978-1-4384-1401-0}}.
* Sondekoppam Naganath, Bhagirath. (2021). Memorable Mysoreans - A Collection of Biographical Sketches. Notion Press Media Pvt. Ltd. p. 54. {{ISBN|978-1-68509-787-5}}.
* Chandavarkar, Anand, (1989). Keynes: The Guru. Keynes and India: A Study in Economics and Biography, Keynesian Studies, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 150–179, {{ISBN|978-0-230-37477-5}}.
* Chandavarkar, Anand, (1983). Keynes and India: A Centennial Review and Appraisal. Economic and Political Weekly. '''18''' (28): 1233–1237. {{ISSN|0012-9976}}.
* Keynes, John Maynard. Keynes Writings on India. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 5, 6.
* Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body - The Origins of Modern Posture Practice. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 177. {{ISBN|978-0-19-974598-2}}.
* Srinivas, M. N. (1942). Marriage and family in Mysore. Bombay: New Book Co.
* Mandelbaum; M. Albert; Lasker, David Goodman; Ethel; Gabriel Ward (1963). Resources for the Teaching of Anthropology-Volumes 95–96. California, USA: University of California Press. p. 206.
* Sondekoppam Naganath, Bhagirath. (2022). A Visionary Educationist of Mysore - Rajakaryapraveena N. S. Subba Rao. Star of Mysore Newspaper, Mysore, p. 6<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-08|title=A Visionary Educationist of Mysore -1: Rajakaryapraveena N.S. Subba Rao|url=https://starofmysore.com/a-visionary-educationist-of-mysore-1-rajakaryapraveena-n-s-subba-rao/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Tait, John Guthrie (1920–32). Tait Papers - Archives of University of Cambridge (Centre of South Asian Studies)<ref>{{Cite web|title=» Tait Papers|url=https://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/papers/item/tait-papers/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|group=References}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/n-s-subba-rao Official Webpage]

{{Wikidata property|Q110391593}}

{{Karnataka topics}}
{{Topics_related_to_Culture_of_Mysore|left}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subba Rao, N. S.}}
[[Category:Scholars from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:People from Mysore district]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Mysore]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]

Saptapur

2025-10-01T16:19:41Z

MohammedMathieu: done

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saptapur
| subdivision_type2 = City
| registration_plate = KA-25
| postal_code = 580001
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dharwad]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| official_name = Saptapura
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type = Country
| coordinates = {{coord|15.449912|N|74.990695|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Dharwad
| map_caption = Location in Dharwad
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Jaynagar cross, Saptapur.jpg | photo2a =
| size = 250}}
| image_caption = Jayanagar Cross
| population_total = 84,461
| population_as_of = 2011
| governing_body = [[Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in | title=ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿ-ಧಾರವಾಡ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ | language=kn | trans-title=Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724224536/http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/ | archive-date=24 July 2020 }}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| image_map =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Hubli–Dharwad Urban Development Authority
}}
'''Saptapur,''' officially '''Saptapura''' is a residential neighborhood and business hub in the south-west of [[Dharwad|Dharwad city]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 Sep 2021 |title=Saptapur a hub of 24x7 libraries {{!}} Hubballi News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/dharwad-a-hub-of-24x7-libraries/articleshow/86047828.cms |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It is bordered by [[Malmaddi]] in the east, Srinagar and [[Karnatak University|KUD]] in the south,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saptapur: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Saptapur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/saptapur |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Narayanpur in the north & Kalyan Nagar in the south-east.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 Feb 2022 |title=dharwad: Sandalwood Theft At Dc's Residence Saptapur {{!}} Hubballi News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/sandalwood-theft-at-dcs-residence/articleshow/89735623.cms |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |agency=TNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-16 |title=30 hostel residents test positive in Saptapur |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/30-hostel-residents-test-positive/article34339030.ece |access-date=2022-03-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word "Saptapur" comes from the [[Sanskrit]] word "Sapta-Pur" meaning ''Seven towns.''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BL0UAQAAMAAJ&q=saptapur |title=Census of India, 1991: Saptapur Dharward |date=1992 |publisher=Government Suburban Press |language=en}}</ref> ''Saptapur is made up of Seven major localities they are Jay Nagar, Bharti Nagar, Michigan Compound, CB Nagar, Vijayanand Nagar, State Bank Colony and Tungabhadra HDS.''{{fact|date=March 2023}}

==Saptapur Well==
[[File:Saptapur Well.jpg|thumb|centre|Saptapur Well]]
Saptapur Well also known as ''Saptapur Baavi'' is a well located on Saptapur Circle adjacent to [[Karnatak College Dharwar|KCD College Circle]]. It is very popular for [[Ganesh Visarjan]] during the festival of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]].{{fact|date=March 2023}}

==Landmarks==
[[File:KARNATAK UNIVERSITY (enhanced).jpg|thumb|Karnatak University, Pavte Nagar]]
[[Karnatak University]] is one of the most prominent universities of the state, is located in the Pavte Nagar area of Saptpaur, The campus is spread over 750 acers of land. Due to the university the area has developed many hostels and PGs for students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD {{!}} ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಧಾರವಾಡ |url=https://www.kud.ac.in/the-campus.php |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=www.kud.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnatak University's students, faculty asked to vacate hostels for nine days for Modi event |website=The New Indian Express |date=10 December 2022 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/karnataka/2022/dec/28/karnatak-universitysstudents-faculty-asked-to-vacate-hostels-for-ninedays-for-modi-event-2532541.html |access-date=2023-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CcDAAAAIAAJ&q=saptapur |title=Science & Culture |date=1960 |publisher=Indian Science News Association. |language=en}}</ref>

==Localities==
Localities of Saptapur include Jay Nagar, Bharti Nagar, Michgan Compound, CB Nagar, Vijayanand Nagar, State Bank Colony and Tungabhadra HDS.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menasinakai |first=Sangamesh |date=6 Aug 2022 |title=Prominent areas in Dharwad city not connected to New Bus Stand {{!}} Hubballi News |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/prominent-areas-in-dharwad-city-not-connected-to-new-bus-stand/articleshow/93378619.cms |access-date=2023-01-14 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.dharwad.com/dharwad.html Saptapur]
*[http://www.yssofindia.org/yss_kendras_mandalis-all.htm Dharwad ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502160100/http://www.yssofindia.org/yss_kendras_mandalis-all.htm |date=2 May 2008 }}
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hubli–Dharwad]]
[[Category:Dharwad district]]

Pitam Padhi

2025-09-29T23:59:27Z

MohammedMathieu: Started Entry - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Prafulla Kumar Pangi
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image =
}}
'''Pitam Padhi''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Pottangi Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Pottangi Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/pottangi-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917575.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pottangi Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Pottangi Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/pottangi-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padhi, Pitam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Rajkishore Das

2025-09-29T23:28:49Z

MohammedMathieu: Started Stub - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Morada Assembly constituency|Morada]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo
| successor = [[Krushna Chandra Mohapatra]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image =
}}

'''Rajkishore Das''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Morada Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Morada Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Morada Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/morada-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Morada, Election Result 2024 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/morada-constituency-s18aed2008a034/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Rajkishore}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

P.D. Women's College

2025-08-12T23:29:06Z

MohammedMathieu: adjust structure also and corrected details for consistency

{{Short description|College in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = P.D. Women’s College
| image = File:P.D. Women's College logo.jpg
| established = {{start date and age|1950}}
| type = Undergraduate college [[Public college]]
| president = Dr. (Md.) Abdur Razzaque
| principal =
| city = [[Jalpaiguri]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 735101
| coor = {{coord|26.518|88.7308|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| campus = Urban
| affiliations = [[University of North Bengal]]
| website = [http://www.pdwomenscollege.in/ P.D. Women’s College]
|}}
'''P.D. Women's College''', established in 1950 and also known as '''Prasannadeb Women's College''',<ref name=UGC/> is general degree [[women's college]] in [[Jalpaiguri]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. This is not only one of the oldest women's college in Jalpaiguri district but also in North [[Bengal]].{{clarify|date=June 2012}} It offers [[undergraduate]] courses in arts and science. It is affiliated to the [[University of North Bengal]].<ref>[http://www.nbu.ac.in/Affiliated%20Colleges.htm?st= Colleges under University of North Bengal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091951/http://www.nbu.ac.in/Affiliated%20Colleges.htm?st= |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Departments==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''Departments'''
|-
! Faculty
! Departments
|-
| '''Science'''
| [[Mathematics]], [[Physics]], [[Chemistry]], [[Zoology]], [[Botany]], [[Computer Science]]
|-
| '''Arts'''
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English literature|English]], [[Education]], [[Sanskrit]], [[History]], [[Geography]], [[Political Science]], [[Philosophy]], [[Economics]]
|}

==Accreditation==

P.D. Women's College is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).<ref name=UGC>[http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=West%20Bengal Colleges in WestBengal, University Grants Commission]</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.pdwomenscollege.in/ P.D. Women's College]
*[http://www.nbu.ac.in/ University of North Bengal]
*[http://www.ugc.ac.in/ University Grants Commission]
*[http://www.naac.gov.in/ National Assessment and Accreditation Council]

{{University of North Bengal}}

[[Category:Colleges affiliated to University of North Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1950]]
[[Category:Women's universities and colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-university-stub}}