Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Entrance examination

2026-05-22T05:27:32Z

MohammadMullen:

{{short description|Test selecting students for admission to an educational institution}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2012}}

In [[education]], an '''entrance examination''' or '''admission examination''' is an [[Test (assessment)|examination]] that [[educational institution]]s conduct to select prospective [[student]]s. It may be held at any stage of education, from [[Primary education|primary]] to [[Tertiary education|tertiary]], even though it is typically held at tertiary stage.

== By country ==

=== France ===
[[France]] has various entrance examinations, including one to enter medical studies, and entrance examinations for the [[Grandes écoles]] of engineering and of business, for which students prepare for two years in a [[Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles]].

=== India ===
{{further|Education in India#Overview|Academic grading in India|Grading (education)}}
{{Cleanup merge|Competitive examination|date=October 2014}}

In India, entrance examinations are chiefly used for admission to many of the country's educational institutions. Certain institutions are considered "Institutes of National Importance," including the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IITs), [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS), and [[National Institutes of Technology]] (NITs), which conduct entrance exams for admission. The [[National Level Common Entrance Examination]] (NLCEE) is a talent hunt initiative in India that provides scholarships and exposure visits to students aspiring for higher education.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/iit-guwahati-alumnus-develops-program-to-prevent-student-suicides-692198-2023-10-10|title=IIT-Guwahati alumnus develops program to prevent student suicides|newspaper=India Today|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref> The [[:wikt:stiff|stiff]] [[competition]] has led to a situation where many students neglect their [[school]] [[Education|studies]] and focus solely on '[[entrance coaching]]' which is time-consuming and expensive. This has led many states to scrap the entrances and base [[University and college admission|admissions]] on the school leaving marks which, are none too reliable. Experts point out that in a [[country]] where many different [[board examination|boards]] are present common [[University and college admission|entrances]] are essential, but application skills rather than [[cramming (education)|cramming]] should be stressed on. Frequent changes in the pattern of examination are essential since sticking to a 'standard text' or 'standard pattern' alone will [[:wikt:favor|favour]] the [[coaching industry]] and the [[rote-learners]].

Entrance examinations in India trace their roots to the [[University of Calcutta]], which when established in 1857, introduced the practice to decide eligibility for admission. In that exam, one student qualified for every four candidates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://prothom-alo.com/print/news/67517|title=Three Stages of Education (in Bengali)|newspaper=The Daily Prothom Alo|access-date=11 August 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130717103906/http://prothom-alo.com/print/news/67517|archive-date=17 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the absence of a standardized school graduation examination, the University's entrance examinations were used as a substitute, known later as Matriculation examinations. Post-independence, India has different [[Education in India#Overview|systems of education]] whose syllabus and examination process are governed by both central and state-based statutory boards. Grades 10 and 12 which mark the culmination of secondary and higher secondary education, have standardized final examinations, referred to as the [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate]] (SSLC) examination after grade 10 (class X) and the [[Higher Secondary School Certificate#India|Higher Secondary Examination]] (HSC) after grade 12th.

=== United Kingdom ===
A few British universities have lost confidence in the grades that are awarded by secondary schools, and require a few applicants to sit for a competitive entrance examination or other [[aptitude test]]. According to the Schools Minister, "strong evidence has been emerging of [[grade inflation]] across subjects" in recent years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/9396122/More-students-forced-to-sit-university-admissions-tests.html|title=More students forced to sit university admissions tests|last=Paton|first=Graeme|date=2012-07-13|access-date=2017-11-27|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

== COVID-19 impact ==
{{main|Impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns on education}}

Due to the presence of [[COVID-19]] in many countries that implemented school closures on either a state or national scale, some entrance examinations for high schools were eventually cancelled to reduce student stress and the risk of COVID-19 infection during attendance.

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Entrance examinations}}
*[[Civil service entrance examination]]
*[[Competitive examination]]
*[[High-stakes testing]]
*[[List of admission tests to colleges and universities]]
*[[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate)]]
*[[Selective school]]
*[[Standardized test]]
*[[Test (assessment)]]
*[[Vestibular exam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Entrance Examination}}
[[Category:School examinations]]

Hansan Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T15:52:26Z

MohammadMullen: starting initial stub w/ infobox.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hansan
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Hansan.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Hansan Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Fayezul Haque (Kajal Sk)
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
| constituency_no = 292
| established = 1962
| electors = 181,166
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Hansan Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Birbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 292 Hansan Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Rampurhat II]] and [[Nalhati II]] [[Community Development Block in India|CD Blocks]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2010-09-26 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 2011-08-13 }}</ref>

Hansan Assembly constituency is part of No. 42 [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Mrityunjoy Mandal
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Trilochan Mal
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Dhanapati Mal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|Trilochan Mal
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Asit Kumar Mal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Trilochan Das
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="4"|Asit Kumar Mal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Milton Rashid
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Asok Kumar Chattopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Hansan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Fayezul Haque (Kajal Sk) |party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:103223}}|percentage=45.56|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nikhil Banerjee|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:74925}}|percentage=33.07|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kamal Hasan|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=22111{{formatnum:}}|percentage=9.76|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Milton Rashid]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=20256{{formatnum:}}|percentage=8.94|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Syed Uj Jaman|party=Janata Unnayan Party|votes=687{{formatnum:}}|percentage=0.3|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=NOTA|party=NOTA|votes={{formatnum:1153}}|percentage=0.51|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:28298}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:226555}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S25292.htm

===2021===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Hansan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Asok Kumar Chattopadhyay]]
|votes = 108,289
|percentage = 51.00
|change= +8.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Nikhil Banerjee|votes=57,676|percentage=27.00|change=+22.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Milton Rashid]]|votes=39,815|percentage=19.00|change=-30.94}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the Above|votes=2,420|percentage=1.00|change=-0.29}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Juthika Dhibar|votes=1,229|percentage=1.00|change=+0.58}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Sushen Das|votes=1,177|percentage=1.00|change=+0.15}}
{{Election box majority||votes=50,613|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, [[Milton Rashid]] of Congress defeated his nearest rival [[Asit Kumar Mal]] of Trinamool Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Hansan}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Milton Rashid]]
|votes = 92,619
|percentage = 49.94
|change = +3.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Asit Kumar Mal]]
|votes = 76,465
|percentage = 41.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ruparani Mondal
|votes = 7,662
|percentage = 4.13
|change = +1.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,400
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prabir Mukhopadhyay
|votes = 1,584
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Workers Party of India
|candidate = Bikash Let
|votes = 1,119
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ali Tanser
|votes = 1,047
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Manik Mal
|votes = 1,041
|percentage = 0.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Amal Mondal
|votes = 785
|percentage = 0.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kamal Hasan
|votes = 751
|percentage = 0.40
|change = -29.48
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 16,154
|percentage = 8.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 185,473
|percentage = 84.42
|change = -2.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
===2011===
In the 2011 election, Asit Kumar Mal of Congress defeated his nearest rival Kamal Hasan of RCPI.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Hansan<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=292 |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Hansan |publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 2011-04-20 |archive-date = 29 May 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529222732/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=292 |url-status = usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_2nd_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Hansan |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-04-20 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030419/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_2nd_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Asit Kumar Mal]]
|votes = 73,370
|percentage = 46.73
|change = -3.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kamal Hasan
|votes = 46,918
|percentage = 29.88
|change = -13.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Md. Rafiuddin
|votes = 27,461
|percentage = 17.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ruparani Mondal
|votes = 3,373
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Amal Kumar Mondal
|votes = 2,503
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Radheshyam Singh
|votes = 1,265
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Jiyar Ali
|votes = 1,081
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Azizul Hoque
|votes = 1,050
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 157,021
|percentage = 86.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = +9.84
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977–2006===
From 1996 to 2006, Asit Kumar Mal of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] was elected from the Hansan (SC) assembly constituency. He defeated Khagendranath Mal of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] in 2006, Mihir Bain of RCPI(R) in 2001 and 1996. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Trilochan Das of RCPI (RB) defeated Asit Kumar Mal of Congress in 1991. Asit Kumar Mal of Congress defeated Trilochan Das, Independent in 1987. [[Trilochan Mal]], Independent/[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|RCPI]], defeated Asit Kumar Mal Congress/Independent in 1982 and 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp292.htm | title = 292 – Hansan (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-10-01 }}</ref>

===1962–1972===
Dhanapati Mal of Congress won in 1972. Trilochan Mal of RCPI won in 1971. Mrityunjoy Mandal of [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] won in 1969. S.Prasad of Congress won in 1967. Prior to that the Hansan seat was not there.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Birbhum topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Birbhum district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Dill

2026-05-03T06:37:59Z

MohammadMullen: created details - done

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae}}
{{about|the herb}}
{{Expand German|topic=cult|date=December 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Illustration Anethum graveolens clean.jpg
| image_caption=19th-century botanical illustration<ref>{{cite book |last= Thomé |first=Otto Wilhelm |author-link=Otto Wilhelm Thomé |date=1888 |title=Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4320887 |language=German |volume= 3 |location=Gera, Germany |page=142 |via=BioDiversity Heritage Library}}</ref>
| genus = Anethum
| species = graveolens
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|''Anethum arvense'' Salisb.
|''Angelica graveolens'' (L.) Steud.
|''Ferula graveolens'' (L.) Spreng.
|''Pastinaca anethum'' Spreng.
|''Peucedanum anethum'' Jess.
|''Peucedanum graveolens'' (L.) Hiern
|''Peucedanum sowa'' (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kurz
|''Selinum anethum'' Roth
|''Selinum graveolens'' (L.) Vest
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="WFO">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000536042 |title=''Anethum graveolens'' L. |date=2023 |website=World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Consortium |access-date=22 January 2023 }}</ref><ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837530-1 |title=''Anethum graveolens'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=22 January 2023 }}</ref>
}}
}}

'''Dill''' ('''''Anethum graveolens''''') is an [[annual plant|annual]] herb in the celery family [[Apiaceae]].<ref name="WFO"/> Native to North Africa and West Asia, dill is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or [[spice]] for flavouring food.

== Description ==
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2023}}

Growing from a [[taproot]] like a [[carrot]], dill grows up to {{Convert|0.5-1.5|m|ft|abbr=off|frac=2}} tall.<ref name="WH">{{cite web |url=https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/dill-anethum-graveolens/ |title=Dill, ''Anethum graveolens'' |date=n.d. |website=Wisconsin Horticulture |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison |access-date=22 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="MBG">{{cite web |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=d682 |title=''Anethum graveolens'' |date=n.d. |website=Plant Finder |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=22 January 2023 }}</ref> Its stems are slender and hollow with finely divided, softly delicate [[leaves]]; the leaves are alternately arranged, {{convert|10-20|cm|abbr=off|frac=2}} long with ultimate leaf divisions measuring {{convert|1-2|mm|frac=32|abbr=out}} broad, slightly wider than the similar leaves of [[fennel]], which are less than {{convert|1|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}} across but harder in texture.

In hot or dry weather, small white to yellow scented [[flower]]s form in small [[umbel]]s {{convert|2.5–9|cm|frac=2|abbr=on}} in diameter from one long stalk. The [[seed]]s come from [[schizocarp|dried up fruit]]<ref name="WH" /> {{convert|4-5|mm|frac=16|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|mm|frac=16|abbr=on}} thick, and straight to slightly curved with a longitudinally ridged surface.

<gallery mode="packed" heights=150px>
File:20141003Anethum graveolens.jpg|Yellow dill umbels
File:Dill1 (cropped).jpg|Closeup of an umbel
File:Starr-090801-3500-Anethum graveolens-seedhead-Olinda-Maui (24603259659).jpg|Dried dill fruit clusters
</gallery>

== Etymology ==

The genus name ''Anethum'' is the [[Latin language|Latin]] form of [[Greek language|Greek]] ἄνῑσον / ἄνησον / ἄνηθον / ἄνητον, which meant both "dill"<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=anethum |title=ănēthum |last1= Lewis |first1= Charlton T. |last2= Short |first2= Charles |dictionary= A Latin Dictionary |publisher= Perseus Digital Library |date = 1879 }}</ref> and "[[anise]]". The form 'anīsum' came to be used for anise, and 'anēthum' for dill. The Latin word is the origin of dill's names in the [[Western Romance languages]] ('anet', 'aneldo' etc.), and also of the obsolete English 'anet'.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/7811| title = ''s.v.'' 'anise'}}</ref>

The word ''dill'' and its close relatives are found in most of the Germanic languages; its ultimate origin is unknown.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], 1896, [http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/52792 ''s.v.''] (subscription)</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
Dill is native to [[North Africa]], [[Iran]], and the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="POWO" />

== Cultivation ==
Successful cultivation requires warm to hot summers with high sunshine levels; even partial shade will reduce the yield substantially.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dill|url=https://www.almanac.com/plant/dill|last=Almanac|first=Old Farmer's|website=Old Farmer's Almanac|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> It also prefers rich, well-drained soil. The seed is harvested by cutting the flower heads off the stalks when the seed is beginning to ripen. The seed heads are placed upside down in a paper bag and left in a warm, dry place for a week. The seeds then separate from the stems easily for storage in an airtight container.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ghorbani|date=2020-03-01|title=Dill|url=https://ghorbanitradingco.com/dill/?lang=en|website=Ghorbani Trading Company|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721185302/https://ghorbanitradingco.com/dill/?lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

These plants, like their fennel and parsley relatives, often are eaten by [[Papilio polyxenes|black swallowtail caterpillars]] in areas where that species occurs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in906 |title=Eastern Black Swallowtail: ''Papilio polyxenes asterius'' (Stoll) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)| language=en| last=Hall |first=Donald |date=23 October 2017 |website=AskIFAS |publisher=University of Florida |access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> For this reason, they may be included in some [[Butterfly gardening|butterfly gardens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sustainablefoodcenter.org/latest/gardening/plant-dill-for-you-and-your-butterflies |title=Plant Dill for You and Your Butterflies |last=Albornoz |first=Sari |date=March 7, 2014 |website=Sustainable Food Center |access-date=}}</ref>

== Uses ==
=== Culinary ===
{{Cookbook|Dill}}{{More citations needed section|date=February 2021}}
{{Nutritional value
| name = Dill weed, fresh
| kJ = 180
| carbs = 7 g
| fiber = 2.1 g
| fat = 1.1 g
| protein = 3.5 g
| vitA_ug = 386
| thiamin_mg = 0.1
| riboflavin_mg = 0.3
| niacin_mg = 1.6
| pantothenic_mg = 0.4
| vitB6_mg = 0.2
| folate_ug = 150
| vitB12_ug = 0
| vitC_mg = 85
| calcium_mg = 208
| iron_mg = 6.6
| magnesium_mg = 55
| manganese_mg = 1.3
| phosphorus_mg = 66
| potassium_mg = 738
| sodium_mg = 61
| zinc_mg = 0.9
| opt1n = [[Copper]] 667
| opt1v = 0.14 mg (7%)
| source_usda = 1
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/172233/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

==== Aroma profile ====
* [[Apiole]] and [[dillapiole]]<ref name=eocc>
{{cite journal
| last1 = Bailer | first1 = J.
| last2 = Aichinger | first2 = T.
| last3 = Hackl | first3 = G.
| last4 = de Hueber | first4 = K.
| last5 = Dachler | first5 = M.
| title = Essential oil content and composition in commercially available dill cultivars in comparison to caraway
| journal = Industrial Crops and Products
| volume = 14
| issue = 3
| pages = 229–239
| year = 2001
| doi = 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00088-7
| bibcode = 2001IndCP..14..229B
}}</ref><ref name=hrca>
{{cite journal
| last1 = Santos | first1 = P. A. G.
| last2 = Figueiredo | first2 = A. C.
| last3 = Lourenço | first3 = P. M. L.
| last4 = Barroso | first4 = J. G.
| last5 = Pedro | first5 = L. G.
| last6 = Oliveira | first6 = M. M.
| last7 = Schripsema | first7 = J.
| last8 = Deans | first8 = S. G.
| last9 = Scheffer | first9 = J. J. C.
| title = Hairy root cultures of Anethum graveolens (dill): establishment, growth, time-course study of their essential oil and its comparison with parent plant oils
| journal = [[Biotechnology Letters]]
| volume = 24
| issue = 12
| pages = 1031–1036
| year = 2002
| doi = 10.1023/A:1015653701265
| s2cid = 10120732
}}</ref>
* [[Carvone]]<ref name=esmq />
*[[Limonene]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Huopalahti|first1=Rainer|last2=Linko|first2=Reino R.|date=March 1983|title=Composition and content of aroma compounds in dill, Anethum graveolens L., at three different growth stages|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|language=EN|volume=31|issue=2|pages=331–333|doi=10.1021/jf00116a036|bibcode=1983JAFC...31..331H |issn=0021-8561}}</ref>
* [[Myristicin]]<ref name=esmq>
{{cite journal
| last1 = Dhalwal | first1 = K.
| last2 = Shinde | first2 = V. M.
| last3 = Mahadik | first3 = K. R.
| title = Efficient and Sensitive Method for Quantitative Determination and Validation of Umbelliferone, Carvone and Myristicin in ''Anethum graveolens'' and ''Carum carvi'' Seed
| journal = [[Chromatographia]]
| volume = 67
| issue = 1–2
| pages = 163–167
| year = 2008
| doi = 10.1365/s10337-007-0473-6
| s2cid = 96393401
}}</ref><ref name=epod>
{{cite journal
| last1 = Blank | first1 = I.
| last2 = Grosch | first2 = W.
| title = Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Dill Seed and Dill Herb (''Anethum graveolens'' L.) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis
| journal = [[Journal of Food Science]]
| volume = 56
| issue = 1
| pages = 63–67
| year = 1991
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07976.x
| bibcode = 1991JFooS..56...63B
}}</ref>
* [[Umbelliferone]]<ref name=esmq />

[[Image:DillEssOil.png|thumb|upright|Dill essential oil in clear glass vial]]
Fresh and dried dill leaves (sometimes called "dill weed" or "dillweed" to distinguish it from dill seed) are widely used as [[herb]]s in Europe and in central and south-eastern Asia.

Like [[caraway]], the fern-like leaves of dill are aromatic and are used to flavour many foods such as [[gravlax]] (cured salmon) and other fish dishes, [[borscht]], and other soups, as well as pickles (where the dill flower is sometimes used). Dill is best when used fresh, as it loses its flavor rapidly if dried. However, [[Freeze drying|freeze-dried]] dill leaves retain their flavour relatively well for a few months.

[[Dill oil]] is extracted from the leaves, stems, and seeds of the plant. The oil from the seeds is distilled and used in the manufacturing of soaps.<ref>{{cite book|title=Culinary Herbs: Their Cultivation Harvesting Curing and Uses|year=1912|publisher=Orange Judd Company|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/21414/21414-h/21414-h.htm#Page_87|author=M. G. Kains|editor=American Agriculturist|format=English}}</ref>

Dill is the [[eponymous]] ingredient in dill [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]].<ref>''The Cultural History of Plants'' (Routledge, 2005: eds. Sir [[Ghillean Prance]] & Mark Nesbitt), pp. 102–03.</ref>

====Central and eastern Europe ====
In central and eastern Europe, the [[Nordic countries]], the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, dill is a staple [[herb#culinary herbs|culinary herb]] along with [[chives]] and [[parsley]]. Fresh, finely cut dill leaves are used as a topping in soups, especially the hot red borsht and the cold borsht mixed with curds, [[kefir]], yogurt, or sour cream, which is served during hot summer weather and is called '[[okroshka]]'. It also is popular in summer to drink fermented milk (curds, kefir, yogurt, or buttermilk) mixed with dill (and sometimes other herbs).

In the same way, dill is used as a topping for boiled potatoes covered with fresh butter – especially in summer when there are so-called new, or young, potatoes. The dill leaves may be mixed with butter, making a dill butter, to serve the same purpose. Dill leaves mixed with [[tvorog]] form one of the traditional cheese spreads used for sandwiches. Fresh dill leaves are used throughout the year as an ingredient in salads, ''e.g.'', one made of lettuce, fresh cucumbers, and tomatoes, as [[basil]] leaves are used in Italy and Greece.

[[Russian cuisine]] is noted for liberal use of dill,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Shaun |date=August 10, 2015 |title=Dill with it: Russia's obsession with the spindly herb menace |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/10/dill-russia-herb-pizza-sushi-soup-hummus-food-ruin |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> where it is known as {{Lang|ru|укроп|italic=yes}} (ukrop). It is supposed to have [[antiflatulent]] properties; some Russian cosmonauts recommended its use in [[human spaceflight]] due to such properties being beneficial in confined quarters with a closed air supply.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=Scott|title=Endurance: A Year in Space, a Lifetime of Discovery|date=October 2017|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|isbn=978-1524731595}}</ref>

In [[Polish cuisine]], fresh dill leaves mixed with sour cream are the basis for dressings. It is especially popular to use this kind of sauce with freshly cut cucumbers, which are almost wholly immersed in the sauce, making a salad called '[[mizeria]]'. Dill sauce is used hot for baked freshwater fish and for chicken or turkey breast, or used hot or cold for hard-boiled eggs. A dill-based soup, (zupa koperkowa), served with potatoes and hard-boiled eggs, is popular in Poland. Whole stems including roots and flower buds are used traditionally to prepare Polish-style pickled cucumbers ([[ogórki kiszone]]), especially the so-called low-salt cucumbers (ogórki małosolne). Whole stems of dill (often including the roots) also are cooked with potatoes, especially the potatoes of autumn and winter, so they resemble the flavour of the newer potatoes found in summer. Some kinds of fish, especially trout and salmon, traditionally are baked with the stems and leaves of dill.

In the Czech Republic, white dill sauce made of cream (or milk), butter, flour, vinegar, and dill is called 'koprová omáčka' (also 'koprovka' or 'kopračka') and is served either with boiled eggs and potatoes, or with dumplings and boiled beef. Another Czech dish with dill is a soup called 'kulajda' that contains mushrooms (traditionally wild ones).

In Germany, dill is popular as a seasoning for fish and many other dishes, chopped as a garnish on potatoes, and as a flavouring in pickles.

In the UK, dill may be used in [[fish pie]].

In Bulgaria, dill is widely used in traditional vegetable salads, and most notably the yogurt-based cold soup [[Tarator]]. It is also used in the preparation of sour pickles, cabbage, and other dishes.

In Romania, dill (mărar) is widely used as an ingredient for soups such as 'borş' (pronounced "borsh"), pickles, and other dishes, especially those based on peas, beans, and cabbage. It is popular for dishes based on potatoes and mushrooms and may be found in many summer salads (especially cucumber salad, cabbage salad and lettuce salad). During springtime, it is used in [[omelet]]s with spring onions. It often complements sauces based on sour cream or yogurt and is mixed with salted cheese and used as a filling. Another popular dish with dill as a main ingredient is dill sauce, which is served with eggs and fried sausages.

In Hungary, dill is very widely used. It is popular as a sauce or filling, and mixed with a type of cottage cheese. Dill is also used for [[pickling]] and in salads. The Hungarian name for dill is 'kapor'.

In Serbia, dill is known as 'mirodjija' and is used as an addition to soups, potato and cucumber salads, and French fries. It features in the Serbian proverb, "бити мирођија у свакој чорби" /biti mirodjija u svakoj čorbi/ (to be a dill in every soup), which corresponds to the English proverb "to have a finger in every pie".

In [[Greece]], dill is known as 'άνηθος' (anithos). In antiquity it was used as an ingredient in wines that were called "anithites oinos" (wine with anithos-dill). In modern days, dill is used in salads, soups, sauces, and fish and vegetable dishes.

In [[Santa Maria Island (Azores)|Santa Maria]], Azores, dill (endro) is the most important ingredient of the traditional Holy Ghost soup (sopa do Espírito Santo). Dill is found ubiquitously in Santa Maria, yet, is rare in the other Azorean Islands.

In Sweden, dill is a common spice or herb. The flowers of fully grown dill are called 'krondill' (crown dill) and used when cooking [[crayfish]]. Krondill is also used to flavor pickles and vodka. The thinner part of dill and young plants may be used with boiled fresh potatoes. In salads it is used together with, or instead, of other green herbs, such as parsley, chives, and basil. It is often paired with chives. Dill is often used to flavour fish and seafood in Sweden, for example, gravlax and various herring pickles, among them the traditional 'sill i dill' (literally 'herring in dill'). There is also a traditional Swedish dish called, 'dillkött', which is a meaty stew flavoured with dill, commonly served as a vinegary sauce. Dill seeds may be used in breads or '[[akvavit]]'. A newer use of dill is to pair it with chives as a flavouring for potato chips. These are called 'dillchips'.

In Finland, the uses of dill are very similar to those in Sweden, including flavouring potato chips and, less popularly, in a dish similar to 'dillkött' ('tilliliha'). However, the use of dill in Finland is not as extensive as in large parts of central and eastern Europe, particularly Russia but including even the ethnolinguistically close [[Estonia]].

==== Asia and Middle East ====
{| class="wikitable"

|-
! Nation/region !! Language !! Local name of dill !! Dishes commonly used in
|-
| Arab world || Arabic|| {{lang|ar|شبت، شبث}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|shabat, shabath}}) || As flavouring in various dishes
|-
| Bangladesh || Bangla || {{lang|bn|শলুক, শুলফা }} (Śaluka, śulaphā) || {{lang|bn|মসলা}}
|-
| China || Chinese || {{lang|zh-Latn|shíluó}} ({{lang|zh|蒔蘿}}) or colloquially {{lang|zh-Latn|huíxiāng}} ({{lang|zh|茴香}}) || {{lang|zh-Latn|baozi}}, {{lang|zh-Latn|jiaozi}}, {{lang|zh-Latn|xianbing}}
|-
| India || Bengali || {{lang|bn-Latn|Sholpa}} (শোল্পা), Mouri (মৌরি)
|পাঁচ ফোড়ন
|-
| India || Gujarati || {{lang|gu-Latn|Suva}} ||{{lang|gu-Latn|Suvaa ni Bhaji}} (with potato)
|-
| India || Hindi || {{lang|hi-Latn|Soa / Soya}} ({{lang|hi|सोआ}}) ||''Soa Sabzi'' (with potato). As a flavour in: Green ''Kheema'', ''Kheema'' samosa
|-
| India || Kannada || {{lang|kn-Latn|sabbasige soppu}} ({{lang|kn|ಸಬ್ಬಸಿಗೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು}}) || Curry
|-
| India || Konkani || {{lang|kn-Latn|sheppi bhaji}} ({{lang|kn|ಶೇಪ್ಪಿ ಭಾಜಿ}}) ({{lang|hi|शेप्पी भाजी}})||
|-
| India || Malayalam|| {{lang|ml-Latn|Chatakuppa}} ({{lang|ml|ചതകുപ്പ}})||
|-
| India || Marathi || ''Shepu'' (शेपू) || ''Shepuchi Bhaji'', ''Shepu Pulao'', ''Ashe Mast''
|-
| India || Tamil || {{lang|ta-Latn|Sadakuppi}} ({{lang|ta|சதகுப்பி}}) || Curry
|-
| India || Telugu || {{lang|te-Latn|Soa-Kura}} ({{lang|te|శత పుష్పం}}) ||
|-
| India || Punjabi || {{lang|pa-Latn|Pahadi Saunf / Kaudi Saunf}}
|-
|Israel/Jewish Diaspora
|Hebrew
|שֶבֶת (''shevet'', ''sheves'', ''sheveth'')
שָׁמִיר (''shamir'')
|-
| Iran || Persian|| {{lang|fa-Latn|Shevid}} || 'Aash', 'Baghali Polo', 'Shevid Polo', 'Mast O Khiar'
|-
| Thailand|| Thai|| {{lang|th-Latn|phak chee Lao}} ({{lang|th|ผักชีลาว}}) || {{lang|th-Latn|Gaeng om}} ({{lang|th|แกงอ่อม}})
|-
| Vietnam || Vietnamese|| {{lang|vi|Thì là}} || Many fish dishes in northern Vietnam
|}
In Iran, dill is known as 'shevid' and sometimes, is used with rice and called 'shevid-polo'. It also is used in Iranian 'aash' recipes, and similarly, is called {{Transliteration|fa|sheved}} in [[Persian Language|Persian]].

In India, dill is known as 'Sholpa' in Bengali, {{Transliteration|mr|shepu}} (शेपू) in Marathi, sheppi (शेप्पी) in Konkani, {{Transliteration|hi|savaa}} in Hindi, or {{Transliteration|pa|soa}} in Punjabi. In Telugu, it is called 'Soa-kura' (herb greens). It also is called {{Transliteration|kn|sabbasige soppu}} (ಸಬ್ಬಸಿಗೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು) in [[Kannada language|Kannada]]. In [[Tamil language|Tamil]] it is known as {{Transliteration|ta|sada kuppi}} (சதகுப்பி). In [[Malayalam]], it is ചതകുപ്പ ({{Transliteration|ml|chathakuppa}}) or {{lang|ml|ശതകുപ്പ}} ({{Transliteration|ml|sathakuppa}}). In Sanskrit, this herb is called {{Transliteration|sa|shatapushpa}}. In Gujarati, it is known as {{Transliteration|gu|suva}} (સૂવા). In India, dill is prepared in the manner of yellow 'moong dal', as a main-course dish. It is considered to have very good antiflatulent properties, so it is used as 'mukhwas', or an after-meal digestive. Traditionally, it is given to mothers immediately after childbirth. In the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, a small amount of fresh dill is cooked along with cut potatoes and fresh fenugreek leaves (Hindi आलू-मेथी-सोया).

In [[Manipur]], dill, locally known as {{Transliteration|mni|pakhon}}, is an essential ingredient of {{Transliteration|mni|chagem pomba}} – a traditional Manipuri dish made with fermented soybean and rice.

In Laos and parts of northern Thailand, dill is known in English as Lao coriander ({{langx|lo|ຜັກຊີ}} or {{langx|th|ผักชีลาว}}),<ref>{{cite book | author = Davidson, A. | year = 2003 | page = 216 | isbn = 978-1-58008-452-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8nhfSFs79fUC&q=laotian+coriander&pg=PA216 | title = Seafood of South-East Asia | edition = 2nd | publisher = Ten Speed Press }}</ref> and served as a side with salad yum or papaya salad. In the [[Lao language]], it is called 'phak see', and in [[Thai language|Thai]], it is known as 'phak chee Lao'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ediblyasian.info/glossary-thailand.php|title=Thai names|work=ediblyasian.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Ling, K. F. | year = 2002 | page = 155| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oNPaeFOk7ykC&q=laotian+coriander&pg=RA1-PA155 | title = The Food of Asia | publisher = Periplus editions (HK) | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-0-7946-0146-1 }}</ref> In [[Lao cuisine]], Lao coriander is used extensively in traditional Lao dishes such as '[[mok pa]]' (steamed fish in banana leaf) and several coconut milk curries that contain fish or [[prawn]]s.

In China dill is called colloquially, 'huíxiāng' ({{lang|zh|茴香}}, perfume of Hui people), or more properly 'shíluó' ({{lang|zh|莳萝/蒔蘿}}). It is a common filling in '[[baozi]]', '[[jiaozi]]' and '[[bing (bread)|xianbing]]' and may be used as vegetarian with rice vermicelli, or combined with either meat or eggs. Vegetarian dill baozi are a common part of a Beijing breakfast. In baozi and xianbing, it often is interchangeable with non-bulbing [[fennel]] and the term {{lang|zh|茴香}} also may refer to fennel, similarly to caraway and coriander leaf, sharing a name in Chinese as well. Dill also may be [[stir fried]] as a potherb, often with egg, in the same manner as [[Allium tuberosum|Chinese chives]]. In Northern China, [[Beijing]], [[Inner-Mongolia]], [[Ningxia]], [[Gansu]], and [[Xinjiang]], dill seeds commonly are called 'zīrán' ({{lang|zh|孜然}}), but also 'kūmíng' ({{lang|zh|枯茗}}), 'kūmíngzi' ({{lang|zh|枯茗子}}), 'shíluózi' ({{lang|zh|莳萝子/蒔蘿子}}), 'xiǎohuíxiāngzi' ({{lang|zh|小茴香子}}) and are used with pepper for lamb meat. In the whole of China, 'yángchuàn' ({{lang|zh|羊串}}) or 'yángròu chuàn' ({{lang|zh|羊肉串}}), lamb [[brochette]], a speciality from [[Uyghurs]], uses cumin and pepper.

In [[Taiwan]], it is also commonly used as a filling in steamed buns (baozi) and dumplings (jiaozi).

In Vietnam, the use of dill in cooking is regional. It is used mainly in northern Vietnamese cuisine.

==== Middle East ====
In Arab countries, dill seed, called {{Transliteration|ar|ain jaradeh}} (grasshopper's eye), is used as a spice in cold dishes such as '[[fattoush]]' and pickles. In Arab countries of the [[Persian Gulf]], dill is called 'shibint' and is used mostly in fish dishes. In Egypt, dillweed is commonly used to flavour cabbage dishes, including '[[cabbage roll|mahshi koronb]]' (stuffed cabbage leaves).<ref>{{cite web|title=Egyptian Style Stuffed Cabbage Leaves (Mashy Crump)|url=https://www.food.com/recipe/egyptian-style-stuffed-cabbage-leaves-mashy-crump-194768|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Companion planting ===
[[File:Anethum graveolens 001.JPG|thumb|Dill plants]]
When used as a [[companion plant]], dill attracts many beneficial insects as the umbrella flower heads go to seed. It makes a good companion plant for [[cucumber]]s and [[broccoli]].

[[Tomato]] plants benefit from dill when it is young because it repels harmful pests while attracting pollinators. But the dill must be pruned before it flowers, otherwise it can slow or stop the growth of the tomatoes.

== In culture ==
Dill has been found in the tomb of Egyptian Pharaoh [[Amenhotep II]], dating to around 1400 BC.<ref name="pickersgill">{{cite book |editor1-last=Prance |editor1-first=Ghillean |editor2-last=Nesbitt |editor2-first=Mark |last1=Pickersgill |first1=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Pickersgill |date=2005 |title=The Cultural History of Plants |publisher=Routledge |page=163 |isbn=0415927463}}</ref> It was also later found in the Greek city of [[Samos]], around the 7th century BC, and mentioned in the writings of [[Theophrastus]] (371–287 BC).<ref name="pickersgill"/> In [[Greek mythology]], the dill was originally a young man named [[Anethus]] who was transformed into the plant.<ref>{{cite book | title = Metamorphosis in Greek Myths | location = Oxford, New York, Toronto | first = Paul M. C. | last = Forbes Irving | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]], [[Clarendon Press]] | date = 1990 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=URvXAAAAMAAJ | isbn = 0-19-814730-9 | page = 280}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian spices]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Cookbook}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Dill |volume= VII | page=240 | short=1 }}
* [https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anethum%20graveolens Plants for a Future: ''Anethum graveolens'']

{{Herbs & spices}}
{{Edible Apiaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q26686}}

[[Category:Arab cuisine]]
[[Category:Edible Apiaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of temperate Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Iranian cuisine]]
[[Category:Iraqi cuisine]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Apioideae]]

Monsang people

2026-05-01T10:55:16Z

MohammadMullen: new initial details added tags!

{{Short description|Tibeto-Burman ethno-linguistic group native to the state of Manipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Monsang
|image = "Monsang" written in Meitei script.jpg
|caption = "Monsang" written in [[Meitei script]]
|population = 2,427 <ref>{{cite web |title=CENSUS OF ST |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html |website=CENSUS 2011 |publisher=MHA GOI}}</ref>
|languages = [[Monsang language]] ([[first language|L1]]) [[Meitei language]] ([[second language|L2]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}</ref>
|religions = [[Christianity]]
|related = [[Meitei people]], [[Moyon people]], [[Naga people]]
|footnotes =
}}
{{Naga people}}

The '''Monsang people''', also known as the '''Monsang Naga''', are a [[Tibeto-Burman]] [[ethno-linguistic group]] native to the [[Northeast India]]n state of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |year=1998 |title=People of India: India's communities |volume=5 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=2360 |isbn=9780195633542}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Prakash |first=Col Ved |year=2007 |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India |volume=4 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |pages=1560–1563 |isbn=9788126907069}}</ref>
They use [[Meitei language]] as their [[second language]] (L2) according to the [[Ethnologue]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Religion ==
{{bar box
|title=Religion among Monsang<ref name="census2001">{{cite book
| title = Census of India - Socio-cultural aspects, Table ST-14
| publisher = Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs
| type = compact disc
}}
</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|0.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|100.00}}
{{bar percent|Others|#808080|0.00}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Naga tribes}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Manipur]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Manipur]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Pantham Venkateswara Rao

2026-04-24T13:14:30Z

MohammadMullen: started new bio v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pantham Venkateswara Rao
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Kurasala Kannababu]]
| constituency = [[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency|Kakinada Rural]]
| party = [[Jana Sena Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Pantham Venkateswara Rao''', popularly known as '''Pantham Nanaji''', is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Jana Sena Party]]. He has been elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) representing the [[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kakinada Rural, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JSP's Pantam Venkateswara Rao (Pantam Nanaji) wins Kakinada Rural with 134414 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kakinada-rural-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548227-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kakinada Rural Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kakinada-rural-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917010.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jana Sena Party politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vahumpura

2026-04-21T19:50:49Z

MohammadMullen: Created a pg - done

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Sinhalese caste}}
{{Original research|date=December 2022}}
'''Vahumpura''' also known as Wahumpura or Dewa people, are a Sinhalese caste, who were the second largest caste in Sri Lanka.<ref name="IIDS">{{cite journal|last1=Silva|first1=Kalinga Tudor|last2=Sivapragasam|first2=P.P.|last3=Thanges|first3=Paramsothy|date=2009|title=Caste Discrimination and Social Justice in Sri Lanka: An Overview|url=http://idsn.org/fileadmin/user_folder/pdf/New_files/Publications_from_network/Caste_discrimination_and_social_justice_in_Sri_Lanka__IIDS_working_paper_.pdf|journal=Indian Institute of Dalit Studies|volume=III|access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> They were traditionally producers of [[jaggery]], but have now spread throughout the island undertaking many occupations, including agriculture.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/40.htm | title=Sri Lanka - Caste }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Sri Lanka}}
* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indo-European peoples]]
[[Category:Sinhalese castes]]

Ramavath Ravindra Kumar

2026-04-20T09:31:22Z

MohammadMullen: started first bio v1.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramavath Ravindra Kumar
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Devarakonda]], [[Telangana]]
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| term = 2004-2009 & 2014-2023
| spouse =
| children =
| constituency = [[Devarakonda (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Devarakonda]]
| predecessor =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| signature =
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
}}
'''Ramavath Ravindra Kumar''' is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] belonging to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]].<ref>[http://myneta.info/ap09/candidate.php?candidate_id=422 Profile]</ref> He is representing [[Devarakonda (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Devarakonda Assembly constituency]].

==Early life and education ==
He was born in Sheripally village near [[Devarakonda]] in Nalgonda district in a Lambadi caste. He holds LLB and MA degrees.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/they-come-from-diverse-backgrounds/article6023913.ece They come from diverse backgrounds]</ref>

==Political career==
As a CPI candidate from Devarakonda Ravindra Kumar contested [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. He was elected as MLA for the first time by defeating nearest rival from TDP.<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34813/239 Devarakonda Results]</ref> In 2014 he won for a second time as an MLA from CPI. He was the only MLA from CPI in Telangana Assembly and subsequently he is the floor leader of CPI in the Telangana Assembly. Later he changed into TRS party.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramavath, Ravindra Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Nalgonda district]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]

Aditi Tatkare

2026-04-20T04:20:51Z

MohammadMullen: Added Some Post Basic Info.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Aditi Tatkare
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|3|16}}
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])
| death_place =
| office = [[Third Fadnavis ministry|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| subterm =
| suboffice =
| minister = [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Women and Child Development]]
| term_start = 15 December 2024
| term_end =
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| 2blankname = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 2namedata = [[Eknath Shinde]] [[Ajit Pawar]] (till his death) [[Sunetra Pawar]] (from 2026)
| 3blankname =
| 3namedata =
| predecessor = ''Herself''
| successor =
| office1 = [[Eknath Shinde ministry|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| subterm1 =
| suboffice1 =
| minister1 = [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Women and Child Development]]
| term_start1 = 2 July 2023
| term_end1 = 26 November 2024
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| 2blankname1 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 2namedata1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] [[Ajit Pawar]]
| 3blankname1 = Guardian Minister
| 3namedata1 = [[Gondia district]] (21 June 2024 - 26 November 2024)
| predecessor1 = [[Mangal Lodha]]
| successor1 = ''Herself''
| office2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Minister of State]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start2 = 30 December 2019
| term_end2 = 29 June 2022
| minister2 = [[Ministry of Law and Judiciary Government of Maharashtra|Law and Judiciary]] [[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Industries]] [[Ministry of Mining Department (Maharashtra)|Mining Department]] [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]] [[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]] [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]] [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]] [[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Information and Public Relations]] [[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]] ''Additional charge'' on 27th June 2022 [[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Khar land Development]] ''Additional charge'' on 27th June 2022 [[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]] ''Additional charge'' on 27th June 2022 [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cultural Affairs]] ''Additional charge'' on 27th June 2022 [[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|School Education]] ''Additional charge'' on 27th June 2022
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| 2blankname2 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 2namedata2 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| 3blankname2 = Guardian Minister
| 3namedata2 = [[Raigad district]]
| predecessor2 = [[Ranjit Patil]] [[Atul Moreshwar Save]] [[Sadabhau Khot]] [[Madan Madhukarrao Yerawar]]
| successor2 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| office4 = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Maharashtra]]
| constituency4 = [[Shrivardhan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shrivardhan]]
| term_start4 = 26 November 2019
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Avdhoot Tatkare]]
| successor4 =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (2024–present)
| father = [[Sunil Tatkare]]
| children =
| source =
| birth_name = Aditi Sunil Tatkare
| other_party = [[Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar faction)]] (2023–2024) [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (till 2023)
| parents = [[Sunil Tatkare]] (father) Varda Tatkare (mother)
| relations = ''[[Political families of Maharashtra#The Tatkare Family, Raigad|Tatkare family]]''
}}

'''Aditi Varda Sunil Tatkare''' (born 16 March 1988) is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]], affiliated with the [[Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar faction)|Nationalist Congress Party]]. She currently serves as the [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]] for [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development (Maharashtra)|Women and Child Development]] in the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. She has been serving as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan]] since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi Sunil Tatkare |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/aditi-sunil-tatkare-1 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Tatkare was born on 16 March 1988 in [[Mumbai]] to [[Sunil Tatkare]], a senior politician from [[Raigad district|Raigad]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=National Informatics |title=Digital Sansad |url=https://sansad.in/ls |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Digital Sansad |language=en}}</ref> and Varda Tatkare. She grew up in [[Kolad]] and [[Roha]] in [[Raigad district]]. She completed a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[Political science|Political Science]] from [[Jai Hind College]] in 2009 and a [[Master of Arts]] in [[Political science|Political Science]] from the [[University of Mumbai]] in 2011.

== Political career ==
Tatkare began her political journey by serving as the President of the [[Raigad District Council]] from 2017 to 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi Sunil Tatkare(Nationalist Congress Party):Constituency- VARSE(ZP RAIGAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/maharashtrazilaparishad2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=166624 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

In [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]], she was elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan]] constituency, succeeding her cousin [[Avdhoot Tatkare|Avadhut Tatkare]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi Sunil Tatkare(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- SHRIVARDHAN(RAIGAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10598 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> and was re-elected in [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi Sunil Tatkare(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- SHRIVARDHAN(RAIGAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=711 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> From 30 December 2019 to 29 June 2022, she served as [[Minister of State]] in the [[Thackeray ministry|Thackeray government]] with portfolios including [[Ministry of Law and Judiciary (Maharashtra)|Law and Judiciary]], [[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Industries]], [[Ministry of Mining (Maharashtra)|Mining]], [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]], [[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]], [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]], [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]] and [[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Information and Public Relations]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Tanvi |date=2019-12-30 |title=Three women in council of Ministers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-women-in-council-of-ministers/article30437679.ece |access-date=2025-09-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She was also the [[Guardian minister (Maharashtra)|Guardian Minister]] for [[Raigad district]] from 2020 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-08-08 |title=राजकारणात प्रवेश कसा झाला?, आदिती तटकरेंनी सांगितलं गुपित; वाचा राजकीय प्रवासाची चित्तरकथा! |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/politics/know-about-raigad-guardian-minister-aditi-tatkare-political-journey-510366.html |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> On 27 June 2022, she was given additional charge of [[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]], [[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Khar Land Development]], [[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]], [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cultural Affairs]], and [[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|School Education]] for a brief period until 29 June 2022.

On 2 July 2023, following the [[2023 Nationalist Congress Party split|Nationalist Congress Party split]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-16 |title=29 of 53 NCP MLAs attend Ajit Pawar's meet in major show of strength: Here's the full list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/ncp-mlas-attend-ajit-pawar-meet-show-of-strength-sharad-8762137/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> she was appointed as the [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]] for [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development (Maharashtra)|Women and Child Development]] in the [[Eknath Shinde ministry|Shinde-Fadnavis government]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-03 |title=Aditi Tatkare becomes first woman minister in Shinde govt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/aditi-tatkare-becomes-first-woman-minister-in-shinde-govt/articleshow/101441616.cms |access-date=2025-09-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and continues in the same role in the [[Third Fadnavis ministry]] from December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukane |first=Pratik Prashant |date=2024-12-15 |title=Maharashtra Cabinet Expansion: Pankaja Munde, Aditi Tatkare among 39 ministers included in Fadnavis govt — Full list {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-cabinet-expansion-full-list-of-ministers-in-devendra-fadnavis-govt-eknath-shinde-ajit-pawar-11734256541199.html |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> She also served as the [[Guardian minister (Maharashtra)|Guardian Minister]] of [[Gondia district]] from 21 June 2024 to 26 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=कोहळे |first=तुषार |date=2024-06-21 |title=अदिती तटकरे गोंदिया जिल्ह्याच्या नव्या पालकमंत्री, लवकरच अधिकृत घोषणा |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/politics/aditi-tatkare-is-new-guardian-minister-of-gondia-district-after-dharmarao-baba-atram-decision-to-leave-post-ajit-pawar-ncp-maharashtra-politics-1292176 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>

As part of her role, she oversees the [[Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana]], a Maharashtra government scheme providing financial assistance to economically disadvantaged women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=Ladki Bahini Yojana Maharashtra - मुख्यमंत्री लाडकी बहिण योजना |url=https://ladkibahiniyojana.com/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> During her tenure, audits were conducted to identify ineligible beneficiaries, including duplicate accounts, male applicants, and overlapping beneficiaries of other schemes. Reports indicate that over 26 lakh ineligible accounts were identified and removed, and over 12,000 accounts of men who allegedly received benefits intended for women were scrutinized to prevent misuse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=26 lakh Ladki Bahin scheme beneficiaries flagged as ineligible, says Aditi Tatkare |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/26-lakh-beneficiaries-receiving-benefits-under-ladki-bahin-scheme-appear-to-be-ineligible-aditi-tatkare-shares-it-dept-info-3696126 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> She has also issued clarifications that the scheme’s criteria remain unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=No Changes in 'Ladki Bahin Yojana', Clarifies Aditi Tatkare Amid Complaints - Pune Times Mirror |url=https://punemirror.com/politics/no-changes-in-ladki-bahin-yojana-clarifies-aditi-tatkare-amid-complaints/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal Life ==
Tatkare belongs to the [[Political families of Maharashtra#The Tatkare Family, Raigad|Tatkare political family]] of [[Raigad district]] in [[Maharashtra]]. She is the daughter of [[Sunil Tatkare]], who serves as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] representing the [[Raigad Lok Sabha constituency|Raigad]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raigad Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result: Candidates Profiles, Map, Total Votes, Past Results |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/maharashtra/raigad |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Her elder brother, [[Aniket Tatkare]], has served as a [[List of members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council|Member of the Legislative Council]] representing the [[Raigad–Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Local Authorities constituency|Raigad–Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg Local Authorities]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Aniket Sunil Tatkare(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- (1-JUN-2018, 31-MAY-2024) RAIGAD-CUM-RATNAGIRI-CUM-SINDHUDURG- SHRI ANIKET SUNIL TATKARE(LOCAL AUTHORITIES) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/maharashtramlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=316 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

Her uncle, [[Anil Tatkare]], has also held the same position in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-04 |title=Warring Congress and NCP come together for legislative council polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/warring-congress-and-ncp-come-together-for-legislative-council-polls/story-WaTbBxzBlHawVnOJ0C0qLN.html |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Her cousin, [[Avdhoot Tatkare|Avadhut Tatkare]], has served as a Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avadhut Anil Tatkare(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- SHRIVARDHAN(RAIGAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/maharashtra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1121 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

She is unmarried.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatkare, Aditi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Raigad district]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:1988 births]]

Viramgam Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:48Z

MohammadMullen: Created new entry

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{expand list|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Viramgam
| mla = [[Hardik Patel|Hardikbhai Bharatbhai Patel]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Surendranagar Lok Sabha constituency|Surendranagar]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:302819}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type=SLA
| constituency_no = 39
}}

'''Viramgam''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] district.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Viramgam Taluka
# Detroj-Rampura Taluka
# Mandal Taluka

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yagnik |first1=Bharat |last2=Damor |first2=Kalpesh |date=2017-12-10 |title=BJP banks on development on caste warriors' home turf |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/bjp-banks-on-development-on-caste-warriors-home-turf/articleshow/62003093.cms |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Times of India |language=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Political Party
|-
|1995
|Jayantibhai Machchar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|-
|1998
|Premjibhai Vadlani
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}
|-
| 2002 || Vajubhai Parmabhai Dodiya
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2007 || [[Kama Rathod]]
|-
| 2012 || [[Tejashree Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Lakhabhai Bharwad]]<ref name="election2017" />
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Hardik Patel|Hardikbhai Bharatbhai Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|}

==Election results==
===2022===
{{Election box begin| title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2022]]: Viramgam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Hardik Patel|Hardikbhai Bharatbhai Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 99155
|percentage = 49.64
|change = +8.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amarsinh Thakor
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 47,448
|percentage = 23.75
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lakhabhai Bharwad]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 42,724
|percentage = 21.39
|change = -19.86
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 51707
|percentage = 25.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 199754
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:298901}}
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Viramgam<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lakhabhai Bharwad]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 76,178
|percentage = 41.25
|change = -11.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Tejashree Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 69,630
|percentage = 37.71
|change = -4.5
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Dhruvkumar Jadav
|votes = 12,069
|percentage = 6.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Kunvarji Thakor
|votes = 10,836
|percentage = 5.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,548
|percentage = 3.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,84,653
|percentage = 68.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Tejashree Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 84,930
|percentage = 52.76
|change = +8.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pragjibhai Naranbhai Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67,947
|percentage = 42.21
|change = -5.43
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,983
|percentage = 10.55
|change = +7.23
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,60,985
|percentage = 66.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2007]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kamabhai Rathod
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 47,643
|percentage = 47.64
|change = -3.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jagdishbhai Somabhai Koli Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 44,327
|percentage = 44.32
|change = -4.21
}}

{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Navghanbhai Mangabhai Patel
|votes = 3,364
|percentage = 3.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Abdullahbhai Pirmahamad Shaikh
|votes = 3,286
|percentage = 3.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Manharbhai Makanbhai Gami
|votes = 1,390
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,316
|percentage = 3.32
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,00,010
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2002]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vajubhai Parmabhai Dodiya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 53,766
|percentage = 51.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Premjibhai Shivabhai Vadlani
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 50,702
|percentage = 48.53
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,548
|percentage = 3.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,04,468
|percentage = 67.11
|change =
}}

{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ahmedabad district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coord|23.13|72.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Gujarat]]

Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran

2026-04-09T11:53:41Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran
| birth_date =
| alma_mater = [[LASALLE College of the Arts]]
| occupation = [[Cinematographer]]
| spouse = Manini Mishra (married 2023–present)
}}

'''Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran''' is an [[Indian cinematographers|Indian cinematographer]] who predominantly works in the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film industry]]. His debut film ''[[Two Countries]]'' (2015) was in [[Malayalam]], directed by [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]] and [[Bollywood]] debut with [[Tiger Shroff]]'s ''[[Baaghi 2]]'' (2018).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cinematographer Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran talks Dhruva Natchathiram, NOTA, Baaghi 2 & more! |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/19712/cinematographer-santhana-krishnan-ravichandran-talks-bhaaghi-2-nota--more |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.moviecrow.com |archive-date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025102847/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/19712/cinematographer-santhana-krishnan-ravichandran-talks-bhaaghi-2-nota--more |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=People call me a calmer version of my dad: Santhana Krishnan |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-people-call-me-a-calmer-version-of-my-dad-santhana-krishnan-2607556 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=2018-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801092059/http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-people-call-me-a-calmer-version-of-my-dad-santhana-krishnan-2607556 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Krishnan is the eldest son of [[Ravi K. Chandran]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=A notable debut by Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/11/a-notable-debut-by-santhana-krishnan-ravichandran-1785570.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=The New Indian Express |date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301223526/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/11/a-notable-debut-by-santhana-krishnan-ravichandran-1785570.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 June 2023, Krishnan married Manini Mishra in [[Park Hyatt Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-29 |title=Ravi K Chandran's son ties the knot in Chennai; Mani Ratnam, Karthi, Shankar attend |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/mani-ratnam-karthi-shankar-at-ravi-k-chandrans-son-wedding-101688038223740.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904190913/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/mani-ratnam-karthi-shankar-at-ravi-k-chandrans-son-wedding-101688038223740.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== As cinematographer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2015
|''[[Two Countries]]''
|[[Malayalam]]
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Two Countries Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Two-Countries/movie-review/50352819.cms |access-date=2023-10-25 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2018-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513084013/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/two-countries/movie-review/50352819.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Baaghi 2]]''
|[[Hindi]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[NOTA (film)|''NOTA'']]
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Kabir Singh]]''
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Baaghi 3]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]''
|
|-
|''[[Sesham Mike-il Fathima]]''
|Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-23 |title=Kalyani Priyadarshan's 'Sesham Mike-il Fathima' gets a release date! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalyani-priyadarshans-sesham-mike-il-fathima-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/104656402.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-25 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025102845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalyani-priyadarshans-sesham-mike-il-fathima-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/104656402.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[Sky Force (film)|Sky Force]]''
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Param Sundari (film)|Param Sundari]]''
|
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|[[Cocktail 2]]}}
|
|}

=== As additional cinematographer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
| ''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]'' || rowspan="3" | Hindi || All songs
|-
| ''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]'' || 1 song: "Tauba Tauba"
|-
| ''[[Stree 2]]'' || 1 song: "Aayi Nai"
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=6753147}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravichandran, Santhana Krishnan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Lasalle College of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Anaganaga Oka Raju

2026-03-29T07:26:08Z

MohammadMullen: Starting The Details More To Come

{{Short description|2026 film by Maari}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anaganaga Oka Raju
| image = Anaganaga Oka Raju.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Maari
| producer = {{Plain list|
* Suryadevara Naga Vamsi
* Sai Soujanya
}}
| writer = {{Plain list|
* [[Naveen Polishetty]]
* Chinmay Gatrazu
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Naveen Polishetty
* [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]
}}
| music = [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| cinematography = J. Yuvraj
| editing = Vamsi Atluri
| studio = {{Plain list|
* Sithara Entertainments
* Fortune Four Cinemas
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2026|1|14|df=yes}}
| runtime = 147 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2026 |title=''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' [M] |url=https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/anaganaga-oka-raju |access-date=11 January 2026 |website=[[Australian Classification Board]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = {{INR|58–100.20 crore}}<ref name=":ZN"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-19 |title=Naveen Polishetty’s Anaganaga Oka Raju storms into the ₹100-crore club |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Jan/19/naveen-polishettys-anaganaga-oka-raju-storms-into-the-100-crore-club |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''''Anaganaga Oka Raju''''' ({{translation|Once upon a time, a king}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by Maari. Produced by Suryadevara Naga Vamsi and Sai Soujanya, under Sithara Entertainments and Fortune Four Cinemas, the film stars [[Naveen Polishetty]] and [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]]. It was released on 14 January 2026, coinciding with [[Sankranthi]]''.'' The film received positive reviews from critics, praising the humor and performances.

== Plot ==
Raju, the grandson of a once-powerful and rich zamindar, inherits nothing but a famous surname after his grandfather squanders the family fortune on indulgence and misguided generosity. Determined to preserve the illusion of wealth, Raju continues to pose as a rich man in his village. Humiliated at a friend’s lavish wedding, he resolves to restore his status by marrying into money. At a village fair, he meets Charulatha and, with the help of his loyal assistant and friends, launches “Operation Charulatha” to win her heart. Their plan succeeds, and the two marry.

However, on their wedding night, Raju receives a shocking letter from his father-in-law revealing that Charulatha’s family is bankrupt. He soon discovers that Charulatha and her father had orchestrated the marriage under the assumption that Raju was wealthy and could rescue them financially. Realizing they have both deceived each other, the couple confronts the consequences of their ambitions.

Provoked by the cunning villager Erribabu, Raju enters local politics, contesting elections against him with the initial aim of making quick money through corruption. His unconventional, social media-driven campaign unexpectedly goes viral, pressuring the local MLA to improve infrastructure and public facilities in the village. As tensions rise, the MLA backing Erribabu offers Raju a bribe of 20 crores to withdraw. Persuaded that the money could save his father-in-law’s home, Raju accepts, in exchange of recording a video insulting the villagers, which Erribabu spreads widely.

On election day, the truth emerges: Raju has secretly used the bribe money to reclaim lands that villagers were forced to mortgage—lands rich in oil reserves that the MLA had hoped to exploit. By protecting the village’s future, Raju earns the people’s trust, defeats Erribabu, and transforms from a pretender chasing wealth into a leader who finally lives up to his family name.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Naveen Polishetty]] as Raju and Gouravapuram Goparaju, Raju's grandfather
* [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] as Charulatha "Charu"
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Pedapalem Bhupathi Raju, Charu’s father
* Tarak Ponnappa as Erri Babu
* [[Goparaju Ramana]] as Muhurthala Murthy, Marriage broker
* [[Chammak Chandra]] as Gumastha, Raju’s assistant
* [[Ananth Babu]] as Priest
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as MLA Ramamurthy, Erribabu's elder brother
* [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya]] as Raju’s mother
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Raju’s wedding alliance’s father
* [[Jhansi (actress)|Jhansi]] as Parijatham, Raju’s relative
* Mukku Avinash as Buchibabu, Parijatham’s son
* Mahesh Achanta as Raju’s friend
* Bhadram as Raju’s friend
* Rocket Raghava as Dr Pasupathi
* Pammi Sai as Election Officer
* Kadambari Kiran Kumar as Peetambari’s father
* Rohini Reddy as Anchor
* Laddu Santosh
* Prasad Addala
* Bheemala Revanth Pavan Sai Subhash
* [[Saanve Megghana]] in a [[cameo appearance]] as a dancer in the song "Andhra to Telangana"
* [[Faria Abdullah]] in cameo appearance as Peetambari
* Ambati Srinivas as MLA Ramamurthy's assistant
}}

== Production ==
Sithara Entertainments and Fortune Four Cinemas announced the project in September 2021, with Kalyan Shankar set to make his supposed directorial debut,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hymavati |first1=Ravali |title=Naveen Polishetty Locks His Next With Debutant director Kalyan Shankar |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/naveen-polishetty-locks-his-next-with-debutant-director-kalyan-shankar-706572 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=15 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 September 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906193125/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/naveen-polishetty-locks-his-next-with-debutant-director-kalyan-shankar-706572 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty excited about his next project |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-polishetty-excited-about-his-next-project/articleshow/86226041.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 September 2021 |archive-date=25 August 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825142616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-polishetty-excited-about-his-next-project/articleshow/86226041.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty to join hands with debut director Kalyan Shankar for a project |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/naveen-polishetty-to-join-hands-with-debut-director-kalyan-shankar-for-a-project-23192490 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=16 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917032549/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/naveen-polishetty-to-join-hands-with-debut-director-kalyan-shankar-for-a-project-23192490 |url-status=live }}</ref> featuring [[Naveen Polishetty]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palisetty |first1=Ramya |title=Naveen Polishetty to star in Kalyan Shankar's next, film to be a complete entertainer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/naveen-polishetty-to-star-in-kalyan-shankar-s-next-film-to-be-a-complete-entertainer-1853150-2021-09-15 |work=India Today |date=15 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-15 |access-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915215627/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/naveen-polishetty-to-star-in-kalyan-shankar-s-next-film-to-be-a-complete-entertainer-1853150-2021-09-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty joins hands with director Kalyan Shankar for his next film |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/naveen-polishetty-joins-hands-with-director-kalyan-shankar-for-his-next-film |work=[[DT Next]] |date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2022, the title of the film ''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' was unveiled by the makers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty's next film titled 'Anaganaga Oka Raju' . |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/Jan/16/naveen-polishettys-next-film-titled-anaganaga-oka-raju--2407483.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=7 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty's next film titled 'Anaganaga Oka Raju' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-polishettys-next-film-titled-anaganaga-oka-raju/articleshow/88934549.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Naveen Polishetty Reveals Title Of His Next Telugu Film |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/actor-naveen-polishetty-reveals-title-of-his-next-telugu-film-4666952.html |work=[[News18]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117095903/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/actor-naveen-polishetty-reveals-title-of-his-next-telugu-film-4666952.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially, [[Thaman S]] was announced as the music composer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Title Teaser of Naveen Polishetty's Anaganaga Oka Raju Gets Spectacular Response |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/title-teaser-of-naveen-polishettys-anaganaga-oka-raju-gets-spectacular-response-4670981.html |work=[[News18]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118105834/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/title-teaser-of-naveen-polishettys-anaganaga-oka-raju-gets-spectacular-response-4670981.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju title teaser: Naveen Polishetty invites audience to ‘most entertaining event of the decade’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/anaganaga-oka-raju-title-teaser-naveen-polishetty-video-7726174/lite/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923175228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/anaganaga-oka-raju-title-teaser-naveen-polishetty-video-7726174/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but was replaced by [[Mickey J. Meyer]].<ref name=":TC1">{{cite news |title=Teaser: ‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ is revived |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/teaser-anaganaga-oka-raju-is-revived/amp |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=26 December 2024}}</ref> In 2023, it was reported that director Kalyan Shankar was replaced by Maari due to creative differences between the makers.<ref name=":TOI1"/><ref name=":TC1"/> Initially, [[Sreeleela]] was considered for the female lead,<ref name=":TOI1">{{cite news |title=Has Naveen Polishetty and Sreeleela's 'Anaganaga Oka Raju' been put on hold? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/has-naveen-polishetty-and-sreeleelas-anaganaga-oka-raju-been-put-on-hold/articleshow/103432805.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Telugu actor Navin Polishetty suffers an accident in the US, fractures arm - The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/telugu-actor-navin-polishetty-suffers-an-accident-in-the-us-fractures-arm/articleshow/108873994.cms?from=mdr |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=29 March 2024 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404043321/https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/telugu-actor-navin-polishetty-suffers-an-accident-in-the-us-fractures-arm/amp_articleshow/108873994.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty meets with a bike accident in the US; fractures hand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-polishetty-meets-with-a-bike-accident-in-the-us-fractures-hand/articleshow/108841864.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=10 April 2024 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410004059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/naveen-polishetty-meets-with-a-bike-accident-in-the-us-fractures-hand/amp_articleshow/108841864.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> before [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] was confirmed as the female lead in December 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju teaser: Meenakshi replaces Sreeleela in Naveen Polishetty's film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/anaganaga-oka-raju-teaser-meenakshi-chaudhary-replaces-sreeleela-in-naveen-polishetty-comedy-film-2655678-2024-12-26 |work=India Today |date=26 December 2024 |language=en |archive-date=2025-05-14 |access-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514024735/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/anaganaga-oka-raju-teaser-meenakshi-chaudhary-replaces-sreeleela-in-naveen-polishetty-comedy-film-2655678-2024-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meenakshi Chaudhary To Replace Sreeleela In Naveen Polishetty’s Film ‘Anaganaga Oka Roju’? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/meenakshi-chaudhary-to-replace-sreeleela-in-naveen-polishettys-film-anaganaga-oka-roju-article-116671953/amp |work=[[Times Now]] |date=26 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meenaakshi Chaudhary replaces Sreeleela yet again |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/meenaakshi-chaudhary-replaces-sreeleela-yet-again-834557 |work=[[DT Next]] |date=9 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The filming began in February 2025 and was completed within a six-month schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Naveen Polishetty: Happy that my film is releasing alongside the stars |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2026/Jan/01/telugunews2025dec31naveen-polishetty-happy-that-my-film-is-releasing-alongside-the-stars |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 January 2026 |language=en |archive-date=1 January 2026 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101204726/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/telugu/2026/Jan/01/telugunews2025dec31naveen-polishetty-happy-that-my-film-is-releasing-alongside-the-stars |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[Mickey J. Meyer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Songs by Mickey J Meyer |url=https://gaana.com/album/anaganaga-oka-raju |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=6 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> The audio rights of the film were acquired by [[Aditya Music]]. The first single, titled "Bhimavaram Balma", was released on 27 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Bhimavaram Balma’ from Anaganaga Oka Raju is a quintessential mass number |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/28/bhimavaram-balma-from-anaganaga-oka-raju-is-a-quintessential-mass-number |work=Cinema Express |date=7 November 2025 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2025 |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222083701/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/telugu/news/2025/Nov/28/bhimavaram-balma-from-anaganaga-oka-raju-is-a-quintessential-mass-number |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ First Single Roars |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/anaganaga-oka-raju-first-single-roars-1026789 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=27 November 2025 |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2026 |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103085507/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/anaganaga-oka-raju-first-single-roars-1026789 |url-status=live }}</ref> It marked Naveen Polishetty's debut as a singer. The second single, titled "Raju Gaari Pelli Ro", was released on 26 December 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=‘Raju Gaari Pelli Ro’ from ‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ adds festive spark |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/raju-gaari-pelli-ro-from-anaganaga-oka-raju-adds-festive-spark-1034010 |work=The Hans India |date=26 December 2025 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2026 |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260102001124/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/cinema/raju-gaari-pelli-ro-from-anaganaga-oka-raju-adds-festive-spark-1034010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =9:22
| all_lyrics = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| title1 = Bhimavaram Balma
| extra1 = [[Naveen Polishetty]], Nutana Mohan
| length1 = 2:49
| title2 = Raju Gaari Pelli Ro
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], Sameera Bharadwaj
| length2 = 3:39
| title3 = Andhra to Telangana
| length3 = 2:54
| extra3 = [[Dhanunjay Seepana]], Sameera Bharadwaj
}}

== Release ==
''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' was released on 14 January 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=Release of Naveen Polishetty's 'Anaganaga Oka Raju' pushed to January 14, 2026 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/release-of-naveen-polishettys-anaganaga-oka-raju-pushed-to-january-14-2026/articleshow/121421694.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 May 2025 |archive-date=29 May 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529165113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/release-of-naveen-polishettys-anaganaga-oka-raju-pushed-to-january-14-2026/amp_articleshow/121421694.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ team kickstart promotions |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anaganaga-oka-raju-team-kickstart-promotions-1035369 |work=The Hans India |date=31 December 2025 |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2026 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103023114/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/cinema/anaganaga-oka-raju-team-kickstart-promotions-1035369 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Naveen Polishetty reiterates that he is coming for Sankranthi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Dec/08/naveen-polishetty-reiterates-that-he-is-coming-for-sankranthi |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=8 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home Media ===
The film was acquired by [[Netflix]] for 19 crores and started streaming by 11 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anaganaga-oka-raju-ott-release-update-where-and-when-to-watch-naveen-polishettys-telugu-comedy-drama/articleshow/127938295.cms?from=mdr|title=Anaganaga Oka Raju OTT release date out: Where and when to watch Naveen Polishetty’s Telugu comedy-drama|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2026-02-08|accessdate=2026-02-28}}</ref>

=== Satellite ===
Satellite rights were acquired by [[Zee Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DTepxIQEu9i/|title=#AnaganagaOkaRaju now in theatres|work=telugutvupdates|publisher=[[Instagram]]|date=2026-01-13|accessdate=2026-02-28}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Risha Ganguly of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' is an entertaining, one-man comedy carried almost entirely by Naveen Polishetty. While the story is predictable and the writing uneven, sharp dialogues, situational humour, and energetic songs make it a more than decent festive watch."<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Movie Review: Naveen Polishetty Shines In Familiar, Comedy-Driven One-Man Show |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/anaganaga-oka-raju-movie-review-naveen-polishetty-shines-in-familiar-comedy-driven-one-man-show-review-153444735 |work=Times Now |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Sandeep Athreya of ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' rated the film 3.25/5 stars and wrote, "It may not be Polishetty’s funniest outing yet, but his presence alone makes it an enjoyable ride."<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Full Review: A Breezy Sankranthi Entertainer Powered by Naveen Polishetty |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/anaganaga-oka-raju-full-review-breezy-sankranthi-entertainer-powered-naveen |work=[[Sakshi Post]] |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Like his earlier films, Naveen Polishetty dominates the show with his natural performance and humour. Though a few scenes in the second half feel dragged, the film delivers enough laughs to keep the audience entertained."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Movie Review: Naveen Polishetty's one-man show |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2026/Jan/14/anaganaga-oka-raju-movie-review-naveen-polishettys-one-man-show |work=Cinema Express |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' could have benefitted with sharper, crisper writing. Despite the uneven narrative, Naveen’s comic timing and Meenakshi’s graceful screen presence make the film immensely watchable."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title=‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ movie review: Naveen Polishetty strikes again in an uneven yet fun ride |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anaganaga-oka-raju-movie-review-naveen-polishetty-and-meenakshi-chaudhary-star-in-a-fun-ride/article70508876.ece |work=The Hindu |date=14 January 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Swaroop Kodur of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Naveen Polishetty strikes good form yet again and shoulders a simple, low-stakes comedy-drama entirely on his own."<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju review: Naveen Polishetty charms his way through a fun, albeit cliched, ride |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/anaganaga-oka-raju-review-naveen-polishetty-charms-his-way-through-a-fun-albeit-cliched-ride-10473542/ |work=The Indian Express |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Sruthi Ganapathy Raman of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' wrote, "A light hand at writing and a hilarious Naveen Polishetty largely carry this film through a slippery second half."<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Anaganaga Oka Raju’ Movie Review: Naveen Polishetty Keeps The Laughs Coming |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/anaganaga-oka-raju-movie-review-naveen-polishetty-keeps-the-laughs-coming |work=The Hollywood Reporter India |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' is a crackling entertainer that thrives on Naveen Polishetty’s impeccable comic timing and infectious energy."<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Review: A Fun Ride Full of Polishetty Punches {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/south-movies/anaganaga-oka-raju-review-a-fun-ride-full-of-polishetty-punches-80910.html |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

Jalapathi Gudelli of ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' gave the film 2.75/5 stars and wrote, "''Anaganaga Oka Raju'' offers a few funny one-liners and occasional hilarious moments, but it is weighed down by familiarity and dragging portions. It works as a time-pass entertainer, yet offers nothing new."<ref>{{cite news |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Review: Some laughs, many clichés |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/anaganaga-oka-raju-review-some-laughs-many-cliches |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=14 January 2026}}</ref> BVS Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "Naveen Polishetty is effective in light-hearted roles and once again livens up the screen with his swag and humour. However, even his charm cannot salvage the weak story, especially as the second half drags."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prakash |first1=B. V. S. |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Movie Review: Relies on Gags to Deliver Banal Fare |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/anaganaga-oka-raju-relies-on-gags-to-deliver-banal-fare-1930440 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=14 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
After five days of its release, the film has grossed ₹58 crore worldwide.<ref name=":ZN">{{Cite web |last=TA |first=Kiran Kumar |date=19 January 2026 |title=Anaganaga Oka Raju Box Office Collections |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/anaganaga-oka-raju-box-office-collections-naveen-polishetty-got-another-hit-ta-281988 |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=[[Zee Telugu News]] |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15427952}}

[[Category:2026 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2026 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Konaseema]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mickey J Meyer]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Biju Ningombam

2026-03-28T08:44:47Z

MohammadMullen: created entry

{{Short description|Indian actress from Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Biju Ningombam
| image =
| caption = Biju Ningombam
| birth_date = 26 December, 1994
| birth_place = Kakwa Selungba Leikai, [[Manipur]], India
| occupation = Actress
| spouse = Roshan Pheiroijam
| parents =
| website =
}}

'''Biju Ningombam''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/2/7/Our-CorrespondentKAKCHING-Feb-7-The-prize-distribution-programme-for-the-9th-annual-Manipuri-Film-Awards-MANIFA-2020-was-held-today-at-the-auditorium-of-Library-and-Information-Centre-Kakching-.amp.html |title=Prize distribution for 9th MANIFA held at Kakching |newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/10/17/-Arambai-2020-expands-services.html |title=Arambai 2020 expands services |access-date=23 December 2021 |newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref> Her earliest roles included a supporting role in the 2014 movie ''Meerang Mahum'' and a lead role in the 2015 film ''Ashileibakki Hero''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifp.co.in/page/items/58725/dance-troupe-offer-apologies |title=Dance troupe offer apologies |newspaper=Imphal Free Press |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013082825/http://www.ifp.co.in/page/items/58725/dance-troupe-offer-apologies |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some of her films include ''[[Nungshi Feijei]]'', ''Phishakhol'', ''Nurei'', ''[[Thabaton (film series)|Thabaton 3]]'' and ''[[Ei Actor Natte]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/12/14/IMPHAL-Dec-13-PIB-The-Income-Tax-Department-organised-a-cyclothon-from-Imphal-to-Moirang-yesterd.html |title=IT Department organises cyclothon as part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav |access-date=23 December 2021 |newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/2/16/IMPHAL-Feb-16-List-of-the-nominees-for-the-9th-Manipur-Film-Awards-MANIFA-2020-is-out-Including-two-tribal-dialect-films-a-total-of-19-films-will-be-competing-for-the-MANIFA-2020-awards-.html |title=Nominees out for 9th MANIFA 2020 |website=thesangaiexpress.com}}</ref>

==Accolades==
Biju Ningombam was honoured with different titles at several film awards and festivals.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Film
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 7th SSS MANIFA 2018
| Best Actor in a Leading Role - Female
| ''Phishakhol''
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manipurpost.com/2018/02/7th-sss-manifa-manipuri-film-award-complete-winners-list/ |title=7th SSS MANIFA Manipuri Film Award: Complete Winners List |website=manipurpost.com |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212212642/http://www.manipurpost.com/2018/02/7th-sss-manifa-manipuri-film-award-complete-winners-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 13th Manipur State Film Awards 2020
| Special Jury Mention
| rowspan="2"|''[[Ei Actor Natte]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/5/21/Imphal-May-20Highways-of-Life-directed-by-Maibam-Amarjeet-Singh-clinched-four-awards-including-Best-Non-Feature-Film-at-the-13th-Manipur-State-Film-Awards-2020-Art-Culture-Minister-L-Jayantak.html |title=Highways of Life wins big at Manipur State Film Awards 2020 |website=thesangaiexpress.com}}</ref>
|-
| 9th SSS MANIFA 2020
| Best Actor in a Leading Role - Female
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/9th-manifa-winner-eikhoisibu-kanano-wins-best-manipuri-feature-film-award/ |title=9th MANIFA winner: 'Eikhoisibu Kanano’ wins Best Manipuri Feature Film award |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029170816/https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/9th-manifa-winner-eikhoisibu-kanano-wins-best-manipuri-feature-film-award/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 14th Manipur State Film Awards 2022
| Best Actor in a Leading Role - Female
| ''Nungshi Keithel''
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2022/04/09/in-pics-guv-distributes-14th-manipur-state-film-awards-2022/ |title=In pics: Guv distributes 14th Manipur State Film Awards 2022 |date=3 May 2022 |website=eastmojo.com |access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hynews.in/article/entertainment/14th-manipur-state-film-award-romi-meitei-rsquo-s-lsquo-eikhoigi-yum-rsquo-wins-best-feature-film-bishesh-huirem-wins-best-actor-transgender/1959 |title=14th Manipur State Film Award: Romi Meitei's 'Eikhoigi Yum' Wins Best Feature Film, Bishesh Huirem Wins Best Actor (Transgender) |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=hynews.in}}</ref>
|}

==Off-screen work==
Ningombam was the face of the RaDiant Group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/10/27/IMPHAL-Oct-26RaDiant-Group-of-Companies-engaged-Ningombam-Biju-d-o-N-Kunjabihari-Singh-renowned.html |title=N Biju becomes 'Face of the RaDiant Group' |access-date=23 December 2021 |newspaper=The Sangai Express}}</ref>

==Selected filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Director
|-
|2014
|''Meerang Mahum''
|Nganthoi's friend
|Ajit Ningthouja
|-
|rowspan="3"|2015
|''Angangba Mayek (Pizza 2)''
|Pizza's friend
|Dinesh Tongbram
|-
|''Ashileibakki Hero''
|Thadoi
|Chou En Lai
|-
|''[[Nungshi Feijei]]''
|Mangalleima
|Chou En Lai
|-
|rowspan="3"|2016
|''Konggol''
|Ayeengbi
|Ajit Ningthouja
|-
|''[[Eikhoi Pabunggi]]''
|Teenager
|Hemanta Khuman
|-
|''Nungshi Feijei 2''
|Mangalleima
|Chou En Lai
|-
|rowspan="6"|2017
|''Nupi''
|Thaba/Leibaklei
|Bobby Haobam
|-
|''Phishakhol''
|Thoibi
|Jeetendra Ningomba
|-
|''Mani Mamou''
|Miranda
|Ajit Ningthouja
|-
|''Kaongamdraba Facebook''
|Leishna
|AK. Gyaneshori
|-
|''Mandalay Mathel''
|Sandha/Thaballei
|Homeshwori
|-
|''Eshh.. Keinege Sidi''
|Leishna
|Chou En Lai
|-
|rowspan="3"|2018
|''Nurei''
|Thariktha
|Rakesh Moirangthem
|-
|''Eina Fagi Touraga''
|Linthoi
|Ajit Ningthouja
|-
|''Chingda Satpi Engellei''
|Nungsi
|Bobby Haobam
|-
|rowspan="8"|2019
|''Yumleima''
|Echantombi
| Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''Nongbalgee Jacket''
|Urirei
|Bimol Phibou
|-
|''[[Inamma]]''
|Bem
|Homeshwori
|-
|''Ibung-gee Ibemma''
|Sanatombi
|Sanaton Nongthomba
|-
|''Mr. Mangal''
|Tampha
| Ojitbabu Ningthoujam
|-
|''[[Khurai Angaobi]]''
|Thaba
|Sudhir Kangjam
|-
|''[[Thabaton (film series)|Thabaton 3]]''
|Langlen
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''[[Ei Actor Natte]]''
|Rashihenbi
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2021
|''Khudi''
|Sanathoi
|Tarun Wang
|-
|''Satlo Leirang Satlo''
|Leirang
|Ojitbabu Ningthoujam
|-
|''Nungshi Keithel''
|Rengamla Keishing
|Mangal Chabungbam
|-
|rowspan="6"|2022
|''Numit Tha''
|Keisham Leima
|Sudhir Kangjam
|-
|''Ingen Thagi Thanil''
|Ingellei
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''Haidrasu Khangle''
|
|OC Meira
|-
|''Nongallamdaisida''
|Sakhenbi
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|''Leiyee Ani''
|Thaja
|Kepidas
|-
|''Asira Punshi''
|Thaballei
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''Sajibugee Leihao''
|Thoinu
|Bijgupta Laishram
|-
|''2020 Gee Thoibi''
|Thoi
|Chou En Lai
|-
|2024
|''Mamigi Lairembi''
|Ningsinghenbi
|Thoiba Soibam
|-
|rowspan="4"|2025
|''Naitom Shatpi''
|Henthoibi
|Thoiba Ningthou
|-
|''Lipun''
|Nungsi
|Pamba (Laxma)
|-
|''Mamigi Lairembi 2''
|Ningsinghenbi
|Thoiba Soibam
|-
|''Wari Loidri''
|Thadoi
|Ojitbabu Ningthoujam
|-
|2026
|''Tamphamani''
|Tampha
|Urmika Maibam
|-
|Upcoming
|''Samjirei''
|Thadoi
|Rakesh Moirangthem
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8538595}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ningombam, Biju}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]
[[Category:Actresses from Manipur]]
[[Category:Actresses in Meitei cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gajab Thai Gayo!

2026-03-27T02:45:56Z

MohammadMullen: created a data

{{Short description|2022 Indian Gujarati film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gajab Thai Gayo!
| director = Neeraj Joshi
| producer = Bhavesh Patel Pranav Shah Atul Patel Jignesh Patel
| writer = Neeraj Joshi
| music = [[Parth Bharat Thakkar]]
| starring = [[Malhar Thakar]] [[Pooja Jhaveri]] [[Ujjwal Chopra]]
| cinematography = Suraj C Kurade
| studio = Infi9 Motions Pvt Ltd
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{film date|df=y|2022|04|07}}
}}

'''''Gajab Thai Gayo!''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]]-language science fiction comedy children's film written and directed by Neeraj Joshi. The film stars [[Malhar Thakar]], [[Pooja Jhaveri]] and [[Ujjwal Chopra]] in lead roles.

== Plot ==
Bhagirath, a post graduate from a reputed university, offers to teach students for free in their mother tongue at Sheth Kapurchand Mangaldas Vidyalaya, one of the last existing Gujarati medium schools. The principal is struggling to keep the school running. Vishwa, principal's daughter and a teacher, does not trust Bhagirath as his teaching methods are unconventional. Bhagirath, Vishwa and students travel to nearby village. They stumble upon a relic which takes them on an adventure of a lifetime beyond space and time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Soumitra |title=Gajab Thai Gayo! promises to be an entertaining ride for the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gajab-thai-gayo-promises-to-be-an-entertaining-ride-for-the-audience/articleshow/90672077.cms |access-date=13 April 2022 |agency=Times News Network |issue=Entertainment Times |work=The Times of India |date=7 April 2022}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Malhar Thakar]] as Bhagirath Jatashankar Narbheram/Bhajan
* [[Pooja Jhaveri]] as Vishwa
* [[Ujjwal Chopra]] as Raghuram
* Sunil Vishrani as Tom
* Vaibhav Biniwale as Mama
* Kahan Mistry as Virat
* Khush Tahilramani as Anant
* Sneha Chauhan as Paheli
* Shraddha Suthar as Jerry

== Production ==
The film stars [[Malhar Thakar]], Pooja Jhaveri and Ujjwal Chopra in lead roles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=Tips Music launches trailer for Gujarati film 'Gajab Thai Gayo' |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/tip-music-launches-trailer-for-gujarati-film-gajab-thai-gayo/ |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=BizAsia }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathod |first=Vaishali |date=16 March 2022 |title=Malhar Thakar on 'Gajab Thai Gayo': I am glad to hold on to the character as it was new for me |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/malhar-thakar-on-gajab-thai-gayo-i-am-glad-to-hold-on-to-the-character-as-it-was-new-for-me-exclusive/articleshow/90272505.cms |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=The Times of India }}</ref> This children's film incorporates science fiction, comedy, thriller and adventure elements.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2022 |title=મલ્હાર સ્ટારર પહેલી ગુજરાતી સાયન્સ ફિક્શન ફિલ્મ `ગજબ થઈ ગયો`નું ટ્રેલર રિલીઝ, જુઓ |trans-title=Trailer release of Malhar Starrer first Gujarati science fiction film 'Gajab Thay Gayo' |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/article/trailer-release-of-malhar-starrer-first-gujarati-science-fiction-film-gajab-thay-gayo-164031 |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=Gujarati Midday |language=gu}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Malhar Thakar unveils the motion poster of his next movie 'Gajab Thay Gayo' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/malhar-thakar-unveils-the-motion-poster-of-his-next-movie-gajab-thay-gayo/articleshow/90049035.cms |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> More than a hundred school children were cast in the film.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Soumitra |date=6 April 2022 |title=Gajab Thai Gayo! promises to be an entertaining ride for the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gajab-thai-gayo-promises-to-be-an-entertaining-ride-for-the-audience/articleshow/90672077.cms |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gajab Thai Gayo !
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Parth Bharat Thakkar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022 
| recorded = 2022
| venue =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 5:37
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label = [[Tips Industries|Tips Gujarati]]
| producer = Bharat Patel Pranav Shah Atul Patel Jignesh Patel
| misc =
}}

{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 5:37
|all_music= [[Parth Bharat Thakkar]]<ref name="A1Q">{{Cite web |last=Rathod |first=Vaishali |date=29 March 2022 |title=Parth Bharat Thakkar reminisces 'Koi Mane Prem Shikhvado' making days - Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/music/parth-bharat-thakkar-reminisces-koi-mane-prem-shikhvado-making-days-exclusive/articleshow/90519282.cms |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=The Times of India }}</ref>

| title1 = Koi Mane Prem Shikvado Re
| extra1 = [[Jasleen Royal]] [[Aditya Gadhvi]]<ref name="A1Q"/>
|lyrics1 = [[Priya Saraiya]]
| length1 = 3:06

| title2 = Kutuhal
| extra2 = Siddharth Amit Bhavsar
|lyrics2 = [[Niren Bhatt]]
| length2 = 2:31

}}
The [[Tips Industries]] acquired the music rights of the film.<ref name=":0" /> According to Soumitra Das of ''[[The Times of India]]'', the music was well received by the audience.<ref name=":4" />

== Release ==
The motion poster was released on 4 March 2022.<ref name=":3" /> The [[Tips Industries]] released the trailer on 21 March 2022.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Gujarati sci-fi film Gajab Thai Gayo to be released on 7 April; watch trailer |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/22/33754/gujarati-sci-fi-film-gajab-thai-gayo-to-be-released-on-7-april-watch-trailer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323115704/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/22/33754/gujarati-sci-fi-film-gajab-thai-gayo-to-be-released-on-7-april-watch-trailer |url-status=live |archive-date=23 March 2022 |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarati Film Gajab Thai Gayo – Trailer Launch on Tips Gujarati |url=https://republicnewstoday.com/index.php/2022/03/26/gujarati-film-gajab-thai-gayo-trailer-launch-on-tips-gujarati |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=Republic News Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarati Film Gajab Thai Gayo Trailer Launch on Tips Gujarati |url=https://www.apnlive.com/gujarati-film-gajab-thai-gayo-trailer-launch-on-tips-gujarati/ |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=Apnlive}}</ref> The film was released on 7 April 2022.<ref name=":2" />

== Reception ==
Chintan Modi of ''News9'' criticised the film incoherent script and direction. He also called acting "lacklustre" and the film "underwhelming".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Chintan Girish |date=15 April 2022 |title=Gajab Thai Gayo: Gujarati sci-fi film underwhelms on both fronts — science and fiction |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/gajab-thai-gayo-gujarati-sci-fi-film-underwhelms-on-both-fronts-science-and-fiction-164753 |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=News9Live}}</ref> Siraj Syed writing for ''FilmFestivals'' rated it 2.5 out of 5. He praised the themes, VFX, acting and music but criticised plot, editing and length.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gajab Thai Gayo!, Review: Study in a Gujarati medium school, you could win Rs. 25 lakh |url=https://www.filmfestivals.com/blog/siraj_syed/gajab_thai_gayo_review_study_in_a_gujarati_medium_school_you_could_win_rs_25_lakh |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=filmfestivals.com |language=en}}</ref> Prakhar Pateriya of ''Vibes of India'' praised it as an experimental sci-fi film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=મલ્હાર ઠાકરની ફિલ્મ "ગજબ થઈ ગયો" એક સફળ પ્રયોગ? |url=https://www.vibesofindia.com/gu/malhar-thakar-film-gajab-thai-gayo/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=Vibes Of India |language=gu}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Science fiction films in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 science fiction films]]
[[Category:2020s films about time travel]]
[[Category:2020s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:2020s science fiction comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian children's comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian avant-garde and experimental films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian adventure comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian time travel films]]
[[Category:Indian historical adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian historical comedy films]]

Economy of Bengaluru

2026-03-26T05:47:16Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Multiple issues|
{{Advert|date=August 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Short description|Big network of Karnataka}}
[[File:UB City Bangalore.JPG|thumb|[[United Breweries Group]] headquarters at [[UB City]], [[Bangalore]]. Which is a [[Central Business District]] and a major landmark of the city. Also the first luxury shopping mall in India.]]

[[Bengaluru]], the capital city of the [[South India|South Indian]] state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The '''economy of Bengaluru''' is a [[Economic development|highly developed]] economy that contributes over 43.65% to the economy of the State<ref name="Karnataka.Com">{{cite web|last1=ROTTI|first1=JOLAD|title=Bangalore the main revenue generator for Karnataka|url=https://www.karnataka.com/profile/bangalore-main-revenue-generator-karnataka/ |website=karnataka.com|publisher=The Times of India Sept 9 2013|access-date=21 May 2018|date=2013-09-10}}</ref> of [[Karnataka]], accounting for 98% of the Software Exports of the State.

The estimated [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) of the city is around US$300 billion, with a [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing Power Parity|PPP]]) Per Capita of roughly US$25,461 in 2021. It has been ranked as the [[List of cities by GDP|third most productive metro area]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deep Dive City Bangalore, India|url=https://transformative-mobility.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Bangalore-Deep-Dive.pdf|publisher=[[Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative]]|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="BusinessInsider">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/17-of-20-fastest-growing-cities-in-the-world-will-be-from-india/articleshow/66978406.cms|title=Fastest Growing Cities|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> According to the estimates, [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) of the city has grown to US$359.9 billion in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengaluru, India - C40 Cities|url=https://www.c40.org/cities/bengaluru/|publisher=[[C40 Cities]]|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>

Bengaluru is often referred to as the "Silicon Valley of India," has an economic base rooted in the [[information technology|Information Technology (IT)]], [[Biotechnology]], [[Aerospace]], [[Telecommunications]], [[Electronics]], and [[manufacturing]] sectors, contributing significantly to [[Karnataka]]'s GDP. The city is also emerging as [[India]]'s major hub for [[Electric vehicle|Electric vehicle (EV)]] [[innovation]] and [[manufacturing]], housing several startups and global giants focusing on EV design, battery technology, and infrastructure. Other significant industries include [[education]], [[Health care|healthcare]], [[real estate]], and [[Automotive industry|automotive]]. Additionally, Bengaluru is a global hotspot for Global Capability Centers (GCCs), housing over 40% of [[India]]'s GCCs. These centers, established by multinational corporations, leverage Bengaluru's tech-savvy workforce, advanced infrastructure, and robust innovation ecosystem to manage critical operations, including R&D, IT support, finance, and customer services. The city is home to GCCs for companies across diverse industries such as [[technology]], [[banking]], [[retail]], and [[Health care|healthcare]]. Prominent firms like [[Microsoft]], [[Google]], [[Goldman Sachs]], and [[Shell plc|Shell]] operate large-scale GCCs in Bengaluru, driving global innovation and operational efficiency. The presence of these centers has significantly contributed to the city’s reputation as a preferred destination for offshore innovation and strategic business support.
[[Bangalore]]'s skilled talent pool, with over 2 million IT professionals, combined with its world-class infrastructure and startup ecosystem, creates a symbiotic relationship that fuels the growth of GCCs. The city's GCC sector not only supports global operations but also fosters the development of cutting-edge technologies in [[Artificial intelligence|AI]], [[machine learning]], and [[Data analysis|data analytics]], reinforcing its position as a critical player in global business strategies. This growth is further complemented by Bengaluru's thriving industries in information technology, EV manufacturing, aerospace, and biotechnology, making it a comprehensive hub for global and domestic economic activities. With nearly 40% of [[India]]'s [[Startup company|startup]] ecosystem based here, [[Bangalore]] remains a vibrant innovation center. Industries like [[education]], [[Health care|healthcare]], [[real estate]], and [[Automotive industry|automotive]] thrive alongside traditional sectors such as [[silk]] and [[Clothing industry|garment production]]. Strategic infrastructure like [[Kempegowda International Airport]], Electronics City, and Whitefield further bolsters the city's economic prominence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/bengaluru-karnataka-india-investment-brief-industries-infrastructure-6371.html/|title=Bengaluru, India: Foreign Investment Brief|date=21 September 2023|access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref>

The establishment and success of [[high technology]] firms in Bangalore have led to the growth of [[information technology|Information Technology (IT)]] in [[India]]. As of 2020, IT firms in Bengaluru employed about 3.5 million employees in the IT and IT-enabled services (ITES)/[[Business process management|BPM]] sectors, out of nearly 4.4 million employees across India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/it-employee-strength-to-rise-to-4-8mn-this-year/articleshow/88154021.cms|title=IT employee strength to rise to 4.8mn this year|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/it-employees-get-nod-to-set-up-trade-union-in-karnataka/articleshow/61568071.cms|title=IT employees get nod to set up trade union in Karnataka |work=The Economic Times |date=9 November 2017 }}</ref> and accounted for the highest IT-related exports in the country.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} In 2014, Bangalore contributed US$45 billion, or 38% of India's total IT exports.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/%E2%80%98Bangalore-will-become-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-IT-cluster-by-2020%E2%80%99/article20909098.ece|title='Bangalore will become the world's largest IT cluster by 2020' |date=12 November 2014 }}</ref>

As of 2025, there are 875 [[Global capability center]]s in Bengaluru, compared to around 360 GCCs in Hyderabad,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/a-tale-of-two-cities-bengaluru-hyderabad-who-wins-the-battle-of-boomtowns/articleshow/129814555.cms|title=Bengaluru Vs Hyderabad: A tale of two cities: Bengaluru or Hyderabad who wins the battle of boomtowns?}}</ref> although recent trend shows that Hyderabad is attracting more GCCs set up in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/silicon-city-vs-cyberabad/articleshow/129594207.cms|title=Silicon city vs Cyberabad}}</ref> One of the important factors spurring Bengaluru's growth was heavy state government investment (and its environment) in Bangalore's public sector industries which is what makes it so developed and rich.

According to the Bangalore Innovation Report, with projected [[Gross metropolitan product|GDP]] growth of 8.5%, [[Bangalore]] will be the world's fastest growing city until 2035.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru to be world's fastest growing city|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-to-be-world-s-fastest-growing-city-report-797359.html|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=23 January 2020|access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>

== Education==

Bengaluru houses several of top-tier colleges including the [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore|Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB)]], a top management Institute in India, the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] (ISI), the [[Indian Institute of Science]] (IISc), the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], the [[National Law School of India University|National Law School]] (NLSIU), National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), The Indian Institute of Theoretical Sciences, [[National Institute of Design]] (NID), the [[Indian Institute of Information Technology]] and [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT).

[[File:Iisc-Administration Office.jpg|thumb|Indian Institute of Science]]

== Economic sectors ==

The earliest startups that were launched in the city in the 1990s include [[Infosys]], [[Wipro|Wipro Technologies]], and [[Mindtree]] being popular ones and smaller ones include Tejas Networks. [[Flipkart]], having originated in Bengaluru, acquired several other e-commerce companies like [[Myntra]], and was eventually acquired by [[Walmart]] in 2018 for close to $20 Billion. Startup companies such as [[Swiggy]], [[Ola Cabs]], [[InMobi]], [[Quikr]], and [[RedBus]] are also based in the city.

Bengaluru is a favorable destination for industrial development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pendharkar |first=Aditi Dey & Anish |title=Map: How Bangalore's IT sector flowered from a princely state Diwan's industrial dream in 1911 |url=https://scroll.in/article/938388/map-how-bangalores-it-sector-flowered-from-a-princely-state-diwans-industrial-dream-in-1911 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Scroll.in |date=12 October 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[United Breweries Group]] is headquartered in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=John|first1=Sujit|date=22 June 2006|title=UB City is finally here|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/UB-City-is-finally-here/articleshow/1672524.cms|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106132243/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-22/bangalore/27789370_1_retail-space-ub-city-debenhams|archive-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> The city is an automobile production hub.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Automobile Market in Bangalore- companies and more |url=https://business.mapsofindia.com/automobile/market/bangalore.html |access-date=2021-08-16 |publisher=business.mapsofindia.com}}</ref> [[Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery]], [[Mahindra Electric]], [[Bharat Earth Movers]], [[Toyota Kirloskar Motor]], [[Tesla India]], and [[Ather Energy]] are headquartered in Bangalore within their operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Saritha |date=2021-02-15 |title=Tesla comes to India, picks EV hub Bengaluru for its first plant |url=https://theprint.in/economy/tesla-comes-to-india-picks-ev-hub-bengaluru-for-its-first-plant/605290/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |publisher=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Robert Bosch GmbH]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Volvo]], [[General Motors]], [[Royal Enfield (India)|Royal Enfield]], [[Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India]], [[Scania AB]], [[Larsen & Toubro]] have their plants and research & development (R&D) centers around Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Mahesh |title=Karnataka to be the second biggest auto hub in the South |url=https://www.rediff.com/business/report/karnataka-to-be-the-second-biggest-auto-hub-in-south/20130529.htm |access-date=2021-08-16 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref> [[ABB]], [[General Electric]], and [[Tyco International]] have their research and development centers in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Times Bengaluru proved it's India's R&D hub |url=https://www.makeinindia.com/5-times-bengaluru-proved-its-indias-rd-hub|access-date=2021-08-16 |publisher=makeinindia.com}}</ref> Aerospace industries are also popular around Bengaluru, which made it as Aviation Monopoly capital of India.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers |title=Karnataka – Aerospace Hub of India |url=https://www.pwc.in/publications/karnataka-aerospace-hub-of-india.html |access-date=2021-08-16 |language=en-in}}</ref> [[Airbus]], [[Boeing]], [[Tata Advanced Systems]], [[Indian Space Research Organisation]], and [[Liebherr Aerospace]] have their units in Bengaluru. Bengaluru has also emerged as an electronics and hardware manufacturing hub in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-07 |title=Hosur being positioned as a hub for electronics manufacturing |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/hosur-being-positioned-as-a-hub-for-electronics-manufacturing-1069046.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |publisher=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> It houses [[Dell]], [[Nokia]], [[Philips]], and [[Wistron]] manufacturing and R&D units. [[Public sector undertakings in India|Public sector undertakings]] (PSUs) such as [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL), [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL), [[National Aerospace Laboratories]] (NAL), [[Bharat Earth Movers Limited]] (BEML), Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI), [[HMT (India)|HMT]] (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools) and [[Rail Wheel Factory]] (RWF). [[SKF]] also has a plant in the city.

=== Information Technology ===
[[Image:BangaloreInfosys.jpg|thumb|[[Infosys]] headquarters at [[Electronic City]]]]
Bengaluru is known for its [[Information technology|IT]] industry, housing companies like [[Infosys]], [[Mphasis]], [[Wipro]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Nasdaq]], [[Facebook]], [[Google]], and [[Microsoft]] etc. India's two largest IT companies – [[Infosys]] and [[Wipro]] to name a few have their headquarters here in Bengaluru. [[Electronic City]] is a place in Bengaluru, which houses IT companies in Bengaluru along with [[Infosys]] headquarters. [[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]] is another major suburb housing many IT companies. It is called as "[[Bangalore|The Silicon Valley of India']] and "[[Bangalore|IT Capital of India]]".

=== Aerospace and aviation ===
[[Image:SU-30MKI India.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Sukhoi Su-30|Sukhoi-30MKI]] is a dual-role fighter that is manufactured under license of [[Sukhoi]] by Bangalore-based [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] for the [[Indian Air Force]].]]

Bengaluru is also called the aviation monopoly capital of India. It accounts for more than 65% of India's aerospace business. World Aerospace giants such as [[Boeing]], [[Airbus]], Dynamatics, Honeywell, GE Aviation, UTL, others have their Research & Development and Engineering centres.

Before Bengaluru was called the [[Silicon Valley]] of India, the city made its name as headquarters to some of the largest public sector companies of India such as [[Indian Telephone Industries|ITI]], [[NGEF]], [[BEML]], [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]], [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]], [[Rail Wheel Factory|RWF]] etc. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) headquarters is in Bangalore, and is dedicated to [[research and development]] activities for indigenous [[fighter aircraft]] for the Indian Air Force. With over 9,500 employees, it is one of the largest [[public sector]] employers in Bengaluru. More than 36,000 employees work with these PSU’s which provide major employment in the city.<ref>{{cite web | title=Defence PSUs shut manufacturing units | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/defence-psus-shut-manufacturing-units/articleshow/74801189.cms }}</ref>

Today, HAL manufactures, under license, various fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF) including [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi 30 Flankers]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguars]]. HAL also develops indigenous products for the IAF such as [[HAL Tejas]], [[Aeronautical Development Agency]], [[HAL Dhruv]] and [[HAL HF-24 Marut]]. [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] is also headquartered in Bengaluru.

The [[National Aerospace Laboratories|National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)]] is also headquartered in Bengaluru and is dedicated to the development of civil aviation technologies. Incorporated in 1960, NAL often works in conjunction with the HAL and has a staff strength of over 1,300 employees. NAL also investigates aircraft [[malfeasance]].

A {{convert|1000|acre|km2|adj=on}} special economic zone for the aerospace industry is being set up near the [[Kempegowda International Airport]]. Bangalore was also home to large domestic airlines – now defunct [[Kingfisher Red|Simplifly Deccan]] and [[Kingfisher Airlines]].

=== Biotechnology ===
[[Image:Bangalore Biocon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Biocon]], headquartered in Bangalore, is one of India's largest [[biotechnology]] companies.]]
[[Biotechnology]] is a rapidly expanding field in the city. Bengaluru accounts for at least 97 of the approximately 240 biotechnology companies in India. Interest in Bengaluru as a base for biotechnology companies stems from [[Karnataka|Karnataka's]] comprehensive biotechnology policy, described by the Karnataka Vision Group on Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangaloreit.com/html/helpdesk/docs/visiongroup.doc |title=Bangaloreit.com |publisher=Bangaloreit.com |access-date=2013-08-15}}</ref> In 2003–2004, Karnataka attracted the maximum [[venture capital]] funding for biotechnology in the country – $8 million. Biocon, headquartered in Bengaluru, is the nation's leading biotechnology company and ranks 16th in the world in revenues.

[[Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB)]], initiated by Biotechnology vision group, ICICI and Biocon (located at ITPL) is trying to shape revolutionary scientists in the field.

Like the software industry which initially drew most of its workforce from the local public sector engineering industries, the biotechnology industry had access to talent from the National Center of Biological Sciences (NCBS) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

=== Manufacturing ===
Other heavy industries in Bengaluru include [[Bharat Electronics Limited]], [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)]], [[Indian Telephone Industries]] (ITI), [[BEML|Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)]], [[HMT (India)|HMT]] (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), [[Hindustan Motors|Hindustan Motors (HM)]] and [[ABB Group]].

Bengaluru is also becoming a destination for the [[automotive industry]]. [[Volvo]] and many other auto suppliers have manufacturing plants in Bangalore.

Bengaluru houses many small and medium scale industries in its [[Peenya]] industrial area that claimed to be one of the biggest in Asia 30-years ago; newly including [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s India manufacturing plant – the only active plant in the world outside of China.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/karnataka-welcomes-iphone-se-manufacturing-in-bengaluru/article9707141.ece|title=Karnataka welcomes iPhone SE manufacturing in Bengaluru |date=18 May 2017 }}</ref>

=== Other sectors ===
The city has several types of entrepreneurial pursuits that have shaped it along the way from the early '90s. The city is known for several restaurateurs who innovated on fast service models commonly called Darshini restaurants that served hot breakfast and beverages. Orkla Foods, the Norwegian foods company bought MTR Foods, traditional ready-to-eat consumer goods brand in 2007 for approximately $60m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/qWKaMJZ9CyJSM7gt5x6M5H/Orkla-confirms-MTR-buy.html|title=Orkla confirms MTR buy – Livemint|website=livemint.com|date=14 February 2007 |access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> A recent $100m brand is ID foods, fast becoming popular in retail. [[Swiggy]] an on-demand food delivery Unicorn is popular along with [[Zomato]], a restaurant review, listing and food delivery business, that initially started in Bangalore. FreshMenu is a near-unicorn cloud kitchen business that only delivers via mobile apps and other on-demand food apps. [[Café Coffee Day|Cafe Coffee Day]], a listed entity is a coffee store chain with stores in [[Prague]], [[Bratislava]], [[Riga]] and [[Warsaw]]. [[Chai Point]] is a chain of tea stores founded in Bangalore in 2010.

Several Venture Capital funded startups like [[housing.com]], nestaway, nobroker, [[Commonfloor|commonfloor.com]] (acquired by the Unicorn, [[Quikr]]) are disrupting the rental marketplace in India. Several listed real estate brands have their origins in the city like [[Prestige Group]], [[Brigade Group|Brigade Enterprises]], Total Environment and [[Sobha Developers Ltd|Sobha Developers]].

India's largest indigenous OEM, [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)]] had its headquarters in India. Several smaller tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers had their base in the city to serve the OEM need. The [[National Aerospace Laboratories|National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)]] is also headquartered in Bangalore and is dedicated to the development of civil aviation technologies. Bangalore also housed now-defunct full-service airline brand [[Kingfisher Airlines]], which acquired another airline startup, [[Air Deccan]], a budget airline.

[[File:ISRO_Headquarters_Bengaluru.jpg|thumb|ISRO Headquarters at Bengaluru]]
The [[Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)]], one of the top national space agencies in the world is headquartered in the city. ISRO is recognized world over for its indigenous capabilities in launching low cost satellites using its own launch vehicles, the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] and the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLVs]]. ISRO has a record of deploying 104 satellites in orbits successfully in a single launch, which is a world record.<ref>{{Citation|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=India's Record-Breaking Launch: 104 Satellites on One Rocket|date=2017-02-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJgIkaYQpcc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/BJgIkaYQpcc |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ISRO has also launched a Mars mission, which was the lowest cost inter-planetary orbital mission. Startups have made attempts to launch lunar rovers and are analysing satellite images to uses in agriculture and climate.

Bangalore is the home of India's first electric car brand, [[REVAi|Reva]] was acquired by a large domestic car company, [[Mahindra & Mahindra]]. Several startups in automotive services, marketplaces are situated in the city. On-demand taxi service, [[Ola Cabs]], a Unicorn, originated in the city and acquired its early competition and peer, [[TaxiForSure|taxiforsure]]. Bounce is an on-demand motorbike startup that originated in the city. Car rental companies operating in the city includes [[Avis Car Rental|Avis]], [[Carzonrent]], [[Hype Luxury Mobility]], [[MylesCar|Mylescars]], [[Revv Cars|Revvcar]] and [[Zoomcar]]. Zoomcar is on demand inter city car transportation startup running out of the city. [[RedBus.in|RedBus]] is an intercity bus aggregator that was bought by Naspers group.

BigBasket.com, Zopnow.com and Zopper.com, started in on-demand grocery and compete with Amazon's Prime Now platform. Offline, formal retail format grocers originating from the city include [[Foodworld|FoodWorld]] supermarkets that started in 1996 and several other local brands.

[[Urban Ladder]] is a leading omnichannel commerce furniture retailer founded by entrepreneurs from the city. [[Lifestyle brand|Lifestyle]], now part of Dubai-based [[Landmark Group|Landmark group]] originated as a brand in Bangalore in 1999. [[Tanishq]] is a jewelry retail store brand and is owned by the Tata Group. Printo is a chain of stationery and printing services stores.

[[File:World Trade Center Banglore.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[World Trade Center Bangalore|World Trade Center, Bangalore]] at [[Malleswaram]] is part of an integrated enclave housing companies, mall, hospital, school and apartments]]
Several [[fintech]]s have their origins in the city. The revolutionary low-cost brokerage firm [[Zerodha]], several cryptocurrency exchanges. [[Pine Labs]] is a recent unicorn that builds POS systems. [[Capillary Technologies]] is a loyalty, analytics provider built over POS systems. QwikCilver, a gifting and loyalty platform founded in Bangalore was acquired by Amazon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/amazon-to-buy-first-indian-start-up-qwikcilver-solutions-a-gift-card-tech-firm/articleshow/44954103.cms|title=Amazon to buy first Indian start-up QwikCilver Solutions, a gift card tech firm|last=Nair|first=Radhika P.|date=2014-10-28|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>

The city is known for its craft breweries, popular ones being Toit, Arbor Brewing Company and others. [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] is one of the world's largest beer brands that originated in Bangalore. [[Amrut (whisky)|Amrut]] is India's first Single Malt Whisky brand. [[United Breweries Group]] has its headquarters in [[Bangalore]]. It produces [[Kingfisher (beer)]].

[[Biocon]] is one of India's largest pharmaceutical companies founded in Bengaluru.

The [[Himalaya Wellness Company]] makes several pharma and beauty care products and is headquartered in Bangalore.

[[Wildcraft]], a fast-growing outdoor adventure goods company was founded in the city. Zivame is an online commerce lingerie company fast growing into the number 1 brand in India.

[[DTDC]] is an asset light logistics company built by first generation entrepreneurs in the city.

Many wine yards are springing up around the city due to interest among a globally aware community of people residing in the city. Bangalore is also India's largest export of roses, about 70% of all rose exports come from the city.

[[Samsung Electronics]] In 2018, Samsung Electronics opened a mobile experience center in Bengaluru's historic Opera House. The facility, spanning 33,000 square feet, combines modern technology with the building's original architecture, which dates back to the British era and was restored over two years. The center features interactive experiences, including VR-based attractions such as 4D motion chairs and simulations of activities like piloting aircraft or space exploration. The space is designed to showcase Samsung's technological innovations and provide visitors with immersive experiences.

== Economic zones in the city ==

There are several economic clusters, as in many cities in the world, in the city.

* [[Chickpet]]e area is known for textile trades and early entrepreneurs in the city
*[[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagar]] area houses auto spares and services clusters
* [[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]] was a neighboring town to Bangalore, but over time has been assimilated into the city. Whitefield houses several Information Technology Parks and many global firms have their India headquarters located in the area.
* [[Koramangala]] and [[Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore|JP Nagar]] have traditionally been the area where tech startups take birth
*[[Electronic City|Electronics City]] houses all the major IT service providers of India

== Government incentives and programs ==

Tax holiday for IT services: The Government of [[Karnataka]] was the first state government to introduce a [[tax holiday]] for IT service companies to set up shop in the city to earn a decade-long corporate tax holiday to incentivize the industry.

IT SEZ program: Server IT Special economic Zones are now set up where they receive a corporate tax holiday if offices are situated in those zones.

Ministry of IT: One of the early states in India to have a Ministerial position for [[Information Technology]]. This was created to address the issues faced by the industry in terms of physical and digital infrastructure, and supply of graduates.

Adoption of Technology in Government programs: Multiple government initiatives have included digitization of citizen programs and [[Karnataka]] has been at the forefront of adoption of technology. The Regional Transport Office in the city are fully computerized and they the earliest to do so. Bangalore also achieved full computerization of the Indian Passport Distribution process, first in the country.

The digital office of the Income Tax Department of India is based in Bangalore. The need for the build of systems to collect and refund taxes for millions of citizens and need for data analytics and AI to prevent fraud meant that Bangalore city was an obvious choice for the same.

==See also==
*[[Economy of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080406074540/http://www.asienkunde.de/articles/A103_Dittrich.pdf Bangalore: India's Hightech-Capital]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025132717/http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2006-05-02rbasant.pdf Bangalore cluster: Evolution, growth and challenges – An examination of the IT industry in Bangalore]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123000315/http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/interns2006/Garment%20workers%20in%20Bangalore%20-%20Naiyya.pdf The Garment Industry in Bangalore]
{{Bangalore topics}}

[[Category:Economy of Bengaluru| ]]

The Guardian

2026-03-24T20:18:01Z

MohammadMullen: fixed issues

{{short description|British national daily newspaper}}
{{other uses|The Guardian (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-move}}
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{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
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| logo = [[File:The Guardian 2018.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| image = Front page of The Guardian as of December 26, 2025.png
| caption = Front page of The Guardian on December 26, 2025
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]] (1821–2005) [[Berliner (format)|Berliner]] (2005–2018) [[Compact (newspaper)|Compact]] (since 2018)
| owners = [[Guardian Media Group]]
| founder = [[John Edward Taylor]]
| publisher = Guardian Media Group
| editor =
| chief_editor = [[Katharine Viner]]
| associate_editor =
| managing_editor =
| news_editor =
| opinion_editor =
| photo_editor =
| staff_writers =
| founded = {{start date and age|1821|5|5|df=yes}} (as ''The Manchester Guardian'', renamed ''The Guardian'' in 1959)
| political_position = [[Centre-left]]<ref name="tabloid-uk"/><ref name="left-wing">
* {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8282189.stm |title=The politics of UK newspapers |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=30 September 2009 |access-date=24 January 2019 |archive-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911121642/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8282189.stm |url-status=live }}
* [https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/03/07/how-left-or-right-wing-are-uks-newspapers "How left or right-wing are the UK's newspapers?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711060555/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/03/07/how-left-or-right-wing-are-uks-newspapers |date=11 July 2019 }}, MediaPolitics & current affairs, YouGov, 7 March 2017.</ref><ref name="centre-left">
* {{cite journal |last=Payling |first=Daisy |date=20 April 2017 |title=City limits: sexual politics and the new urban left in 1980s Sheffield |journal=Contemporary British Society |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=256–273 |doi=10.1080/13619462.2017.1306194 |doi-access=free| issn = 1361-9462}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Villeneuve |first1=Jean-Patrick |date=9 August 2015 |title={{sic|Wh|o's|nolink=y|expecting=Whose}} fault is it? An analysis of the press coverage of football betting scandals in France and the United Kingdom |journal=Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=191 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2015.1067772|s2cid=146330318}}
* {{cite book |last=Russell |first=Adrienne |title=Journalism and the Nsa Revelations: Privacy, Security and the Press |year=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=London |page=53}}
* {{cite journal |last=Copsy |first=Nathaniel |date=21 February 2017 |title=Rethinking Britain and the European Union: Politicians, the Media and Public Opinion Reconsidered |journal=Journal of Common Market Studies |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=716 |doi=10.1111/jcms.12527 |s2cid=151394355 |url=https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/30170/1/Rethinking_Britain_and_EU_politicians_media_and_public_opinion.pdf |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726141742/https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/30170/1/Rethinking_Britain_and_EU_politicians_media_and_public_opinion.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Harbisher |first1=Ben |date=6 February 2016 |title=The Million Mask March: Language, legitimacy, and dissent |journal=Critical Discourse Studies |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=297 |doi=10.1080/17405904.2016.1141696|s2cid=147508807 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yuval-Davis |first1=Nira |last2=Varju |first2=Viktor |date=6 January 2017 |title=Press discourses on Roma in the UK, Finland and Hungary |journal=European Roma |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=1153 |doi=10.1080/01419870.2017.1267379 |s2cid=151843450 |url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/28046/3/Roma%20paper%20draft%20for%20BURO.pdf |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809061604/http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/28046/3/Roma%20paper%20draft%20for%20BURO.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Flew |first1=Terry |date=11 January 2019 |title=Digital communication, the crisis of trust, and the post-global |journal=Communication Research and Practice |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1080/22041451.2019.1561394 |s2cid=159032311 |url=https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127256/2/Flew%20paper%20for%20CRP.pdf |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822141441/https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127256/2/Flew%20paper%20for%20CRP.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Helton |first1=Levy |date=17 March 2016 |title=Reporting the 2014 World Cup: football first and social issues last |journal=Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics |volume=20 |issue=5–6 |pages=574 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2016.1158477|s2cid=147644706 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=Alisha K |last2=Harrison |first2=Karen |date=2015 |title=Child Grooming and Sexual Exploitation: Are South Asian Men the UK Media's New Folk Devils? |url=https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/756/511 |journal=Crime Justice Journal |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=38 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822141440/https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/756/511 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Painter |first1=James |last2=Neil T |first2=Gavin |date=27 January 2015 |title=Climate Skepticism in British Newspapers, 2007–2011 |journal=Environmental Communication |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=436 |doi=10.1080/17524032.2014.995193|s2cid=143214856}}
* {{cite book | last1=Harmer | first1=Emily | last2=Southern | first2=Rosalynd | title=Political Communication in Britain | chapter=Alternative Agendas or More of the Same? Online News Coverage of the 2017 UK Election | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | date=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-00821-5 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-00822-2_7 | pages=99–116| s2cid=158648099 }}
* {{cite book | last=Bączkowska | first=Anna | title=Contacts and Contrasts in Cultures and Languages | series=Second Language Learning and Teaching | chapter=A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of "Migrants" and "Migration" in the British Tabloids and Quality Press | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-04980-5 | issn=2193-7648 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-04981-2_12 | pages=163–181| s2cid=150658204 }}
* {{cite book | last=Boukala | first=Salomi | chapter=Introduction: Kafka in 'Fortress Europe'—The 'Other' within the Walls | title=European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | date=2019 | isbn=978-3-319-93313-9 | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-93314-6_1 | pages=1–17| s2cid=158203231 }}
* Sancho Guinda, Carmen, ed. (2019). [https://books.google.com/books?id=jz2SDwAAQBAJ&dq=guardian+centre+left&pg=PA67 ''Engagement in Professional Genres''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604054806/https://books.google.com/books?id=jz2SDwAAQBAJ&dq=guardian+centre+left&pg=PA67 |date=4 June 2023 }}. John Benjamins Publishing Company.</ref>
| language = [[English language|English]]
| ceased_publication =
| headquarters = [[Kings Place]], London
| circulation = 105,134
| sister_newspapers = ''[[The Observer]]'' (1993–2025) ''[[The Guardian Weekly]]''
| ISSN = 0261-3077
| eISSN = 1756-3224
| oclc = 60623878
| website = {{URL|https://www.theguardian.com/|theguardian.com}} 
| circulation_ref = <ref name="circlead">{{cite web |title=National press ABCs: December distribution dive for freesheets Standard and City AM |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures-2/ |last1=Tobitt |first1=Charlotte |last2=Majid |first2=Aisha |website=[[Press Gazette]] |date=25 January 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425065317/https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| circulation_date = July 2021
| image_border = yes
| publishing_country = United Kingdom
}}

'''''The Guardian''''' is a British daily [[newspaper]]. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as '''''The Manchester Guardian''''' and changed its name in 1959,<ref>{{Cite web |title=collection (The University of Manchester Library) |url=https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/special-collections/exploring/a-to-z/collection/?match=Guardian+(formerly+Manchester+Guardian)+Archive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428161019/https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/special-collections/exploring/a-to-z/collection/?match=Guardian+(formerly+Manchester+Guardian)+Archive |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=www.library.manchester.ac.uk}}</ref> followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''[[The Guardian Weekly]]'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the [[Guardian Media Group]], owned by the [[Scott Trust Limited]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Guardian' newspaper trust keeps journalism at top of its agenda |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/guardian-newspaper-trust-keeps-journalism-at-top-of-its-agenda-1.339116 |url-access=limited |access-date=12 March 2021 |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215037/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/guardian-newspaper-trust-keeps-journalism-at-top-of-its-agenda-1.339116 |url-status=live }}</ref> The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference".<ref name="GST1"/> The trust was converted into a [[limited company]] in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or [[shareholder]]s.<ref name="GST1">{{cite news |date=26 July 2015 |title=The Scott Trust: values and history |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/the-scott-trust/2015/jul/26/the-scott-trust |url-access=registration |access-date=5 May 2019 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509170504/https://www.theguardian.com/the-scott-trust/2015/jul/26/the-scott-trust |url-status=live }}</ref> It is considered a [[newspaper of record]] in the UK.<ref name="FrostWeingarten2017">{{cite book|author1=Corey Frost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rGhDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=The Broadview Guide to Writing: A Handbook for Students|author2=Karen Weingarten|author3=Doug Babington|author4=Don LePan|author5=Maureen Okun|date=30 May 2017|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-55481-313-1|edition=6th|pages=27–|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629112957/https://books.google.com/books?id=7rGhDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BartonWeller2014">{{cite book|author1=Greg Barton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZzNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|title=The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement|author2=Paul Weller|author3=Ihsan Yilmaz|date=18 December 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-5873-4|pages=28–|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629113502/https://books.google.com/books?id=uZzNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|url-status=live}}</ref>

The editor-in-chief [[Katharine Viner]] succeeded [[Alan Rusbridger]] in 2015.<ref name="Guardian200315">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/mar/20/guardian-appoints-katharine-viner-new-editor-in-chief |title=Guardian appoints Katharine Viner as editor-in-chief |newspaper=The Guardian |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=20 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720094734/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/mar/20/guardian-appoints-katharine-viner-new-editor-in-chief |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RusbridgerFarewell">{{cite news |last1=Rusbridger |first1=Alan |date=29 May 2015 |title='Farewell, readers': Alan Rusbridger on leaving The Guardian after two decades at the helm |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/may/29/farewell-readers-alan-rusbridger-on-leaving-the-guardian |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529152711/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/may/29/farewell-readers-alan-rusbridger-on-leaving-the-guardian |archive-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> Since 2018, the paper's main newsprint sections have been published in [[tabloid format]]. In July 2021, the latest month for which figures are available, its print edition had a daily circulation of 105,134.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobitt |first=Charlotte |date=19 February 2026 |title=Most National Newspaper Sales Figures Now Secret as Reach Takes Auditing Private |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/nationals/reach-print-circulation-abc-sales-mirror-express-star/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220235148/https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/nationals/reach-print-circulation-abc-sales-mirror-express-star/ |archive-date=20 February 2026 |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=[[Press Gazette]]}}</ref> The newspaper is available online; it lists UK, [[Guardian US|US]] (founded in 2011), [[Guardian Australia|Australian]] (founded in 2013), European, and International editions,<ref>{{cite web| title=Latest news, sport and opinion| work=The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk| access-date=9 August 2024| archive-date=7 December 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207124639/https://www.theguardian.com/uklatest/story/0,,-6935370,00.html| url-status=live}}</ref> and its website has sections for World, Europe, US, Americas, Asia, Australia, Middle East, Africa, [[Guardian New Zealand|New Zealand]],<ref>{{cite web | title=New Zealand | work=The Guardian | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/newzealand | access-date=9 August 2024 | archive-date=10 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910064004/https://www.theguardian.com/world/newzealand | url-status=live }}</ref> Inequality, and Global development. It is published Monday-Saturday, though from 1993 to 2025, ''[[The Observer]]'' served as its Sunday sister paper.

The paper's readership is generally on the [[mainstream left]] of British political opinion.<ref name="International Socialism 2003">''[[International Socialism]]'', Spring 2003, {{ISBN|1-898876-97-5}}.</ref><ref name="Ipsos MORI">{{cite web |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/voting-intention-by-newspaper-readership-quarter-1.ashx |title=Ipsos MORI |publisher=Ipsos MORI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523104959/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/voting-intention-by-newspaper-readership-quarter-1.ashx |archive-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=6 March 2016}}</ref> In an [[Ipsos MORI]] research poll in September 2018 designed to interrogate the public's trust of specific titles online, ''The Guardian'' scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers agreeing that they "trust what [they] see in it".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/guardian-trusted-sun-least-trusted-online-news-brand-pamco-reveals/1492881 |title=The Guardian most trusted and The Sun least trusted online news brand, Pamco reveals |access-date=17 December 2018 |website=Press Gazette |date=13 November 2017 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201202223259/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/guardian-trusted-sun-least-trusted-online-news-brand-pamco-reveals/1492881 |url-status=live}}</ref> A December 2018 report of a poll by the Publishers Audience Measurement Company stated that the paper's print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most-read of the UK's "quality newsbrands", including digital editions; other "quality" brands included ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'', and the ''[[i (British newspaper)|i]]''. While ''The Guardian''{{'}}s print circulation is in decline, the report indicated that news from ''The Guardian'', including that reported online, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.<ref>{{cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=17 December 2018 |title=Guardian most trusted newspaper in Britain, says industry report |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/dec/17/guardian-most-trusted-newspaper-in-britain-says-industry-report |url-access=registration |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217032103/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/dec/17/guardian-most-trusted-newspaper-in-britain-says-industry-report |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chief among the notable "[[scoop (news)|scoops]]" obtained by the paper was the 2011 [[News International phone hacking scandal|News International phone-hacking scandal]]—and in particular the hacking of the murdered English teenager [[Milly Dowler]]'s phone.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive?page=0%2C2 |title=Can The Guardian survive? |newspaper=The Economist |publisher=Intelligent Life |date=July–August 2012 |access-date=3 July 2012 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701204849/http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive?page=0%2C2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The investigation led to the closure of the ''[[News of the World]]'', the UK's best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulation newspapers in history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2012-07/03/interview-with-the-guardian-newspaper-editor-alan-rusbridger-on-hacking |title=Could the newspaper that broke the hacking scandal be the next to close? |first=Nicky |last=Woolf |publisher=GQ.com |date=3 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706181914/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2012-07/03/interview-with-the-guardian-newspaper-editor-alan-rusbridger-on-hacking |archive-date=6 July 2012}}</ref> In June 2013, ''The Guardian'' broke news of the secret collection by the [[Obama administration]] of [[Verizon]] telephone records,<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite web |last=Hosenball |first=Mark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-wiretaps-verizon-idUSBRE95502920130606 |title=Obama administration defends massive phone record collection |publisher=Reuters |date=6 June 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181927/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/06/us-usa-wiretaps-verizon-idUSBRE95502920130606 |url-status=live }}</ref> and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program [[PRISM]] after knowledge of it was leaked to the paper by the [[whistleblower]] and former [[National Security Agency]] contractor [[Edward Snowden]].<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web |last1=Greenwald |first1=Glenn |author-link=Glenn Greenwald |last2=MacAskill |first2=Ewen |last3=Poitras |first3=Laura |date=9 June 2013 |title=Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726212540/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In 2016, ''The Guardian'' led an investigation into the [[Panama Papers]], exposing then–Prime Minister [[David Cameron]]'s links to [[Offshore bank|offshore bank accounts]]. It has been named "newspaper of the year" four times at the annual [[British Press Awards]], most recently in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thepressawards.com/press-awards-results-2023/ |title= The Press Awards Results 2023 |website= The Press Awards |access-date= 13 February 2025}}</ref>

==History==
===1821 to 1972===
====Early years====
[[File:The Manchester Guardian, May 5 1821.jpg|thumb|''Manchester Guardian'' Prospectus, 1821]]

''The Manchester Guardian'' was founded in [[Manchester]] in 1821 by cotton merchant [[John Edward Taylor]] with backing from the [[Little Circle]], a group of [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|non-conformist]] businessmen.<ref name="G">{{cite news |title=Battle for the memory of Peterloo: Campaigners demand fitting tribute |work=The Guardian |date=13 August 2007 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/13/britishidentity.artnews |access-date=26 March 2008 |location=London |last=Wainwright |first=Martin |archive-date=5 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705035053/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/aug/13/britishidentity.artnews |url-status=live }}</ref> They launched the paper, on 5 May 1821 (by chance the very day of [[Napoleon]]'s death) after the police closure of the more [[Radicalism (historical)#Popular agitation|radical]] ''[[Manchester Observer]]'', a paper that had championed the cause of the [[Peterloo massacre]] protesters.<ref>{{cite news|author=Editorial|title=The Manchester Guardian, born 5 May 1821: 190 years – work in progress|date=4 May 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/may/05/manchester-guardian-work-in-progress|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122132/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/may/05/manchester-guardian-work-in-progress|url-status=live}}</ref> Taylor had been hostile to the radical reformers, writing: "They have appealed not to the reason but the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they live better than those that do."<ref>''Manchester Gazette'', 7 August 1819, quoted in {{cite book| title= 'Guardian' : biography of a newspaper | last= Ayerst | first= David | year= 1971 | publisher=Collins | location= London | isbn= 978-0-00-211329-8 | page=20}}</ref> When the government closed down the ''Manchester Observer'', the mill-owners' champions had the upper hand.<ref>{{cite book| title= Poor men's guardians : a record of the struggles for a democratic newspaper press, 1763–1973 | url= https://archive.org/details/poormensguardian0000harr | url-access= registration | last= Harrison |first= Stanley | year= 1974 | publisher=Lawrence and Wishart | location= London | isbn= 978-0-85315-308-5 | page=[https://archive.org/details/poormensguardian0000harr/page/53 53]}}</ref>

The influential journalist [[Jeremiah Garnett]] joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, and all of the Little Circle wrote articles for the new paper.<ref name="dnbGarnett">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Garnett, Jeremiah|last=Garnett|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Garnett (writer)|volume=21|quote=''citing:'' [''Manchester Guardian'', 28 September 1870; ''Manchester Free Lance'', 1 October 1870; Prentice's Historical Sketches and Personal Recollections of Manchester; personal knowledge.]}}</ref> The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would "zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty ... warmly advocate the cause of Reform ... endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and ... support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Scott Trust: History |publisher=Guardian Media Group |url=http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/ScottTrust/History/tabid/193/Default.aspx |access-date=26 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080728175652/http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/ScottTrust/History/tabid/193/Default.aspx |archive-date=28 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1825, the paper merged with the ''British Volunteer'' and was known as ''The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer'' until 1828.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_3593893 |title=The Manchester guardian and British volunteer – JH Libraries |publisher=Catalyst.library.jhu.edu |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212731/https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_3593893 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[working-class]] ''Manchester and Salford Advertiser'' called ''The Manchester Guardian'' "the foul prostitute and dirty [[parasite]] of the worst portion of the mill-owners".<ref>21 May 1836</ref> ''The Manchester Guardian'' was generally hostile to labour's claims. Of the [[Factory Acts#The first 'Ten Hour Bill' – Sadler's Bill (1832), Ashley's Bill (1833)|1832 Ten Hours Bill]], the paper doubted whether in view of the foreign competition "the passing of a law positively enacting a gradual destruction of the cotton manufacture in this kingdom would be a much less rational procedure."<ref>{{cite news|title=Editorial|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=28 January 1832}}</ref> ''The Manchester Guardian'' dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators, stating that "if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. They live on strife ... ."<ref>{{cite news|title=Editorial|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=26 February 1873}}</ref>

In March 2023, an academic review commissioned by the [[Scott Trust]] determined that John Edward Taylor and nine of his eleven backers had links to the [[Atlantic slave trade]] through their interests in Manchester's textile industry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2023 |title=The Guardian's owner apologises for historical slave trade links |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-65113058 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330153650/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-65113058 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Slavery and the American Civil War ====
The newspaper opposed slavery and supported [[free trade]]. An 1823 leading article on the continuing "cruelty and injustice" to slaves in the [[West Indies]] long after the abolition of the slave trade with the [[Slave Trade Act 1807]] wanted fairness to the interests and claims both of the planters and of their oppressed slaves.<ref name="Guardian 1511 2012">{{cite web | title=The cruelty and injustice of negro slavery: From The Guardian archive, 15 Nov 1823 | website=The Guardian | date=15 November 2012 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/nov/15/slavery-injustice-abolition-british-1823 | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=30 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630185615/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/nov/15/slavery-injustice-abolition-british-1823 | url-status=live }}</ref> It welcomed the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] and accepted the "increased compensation" to the planters as the "guilt of slavery attaches far more to the nation" rather than individuals. Success of the Act would encourage emancipation in other slave-owning nations to avoid "imminent risk of a violent and bloody termination".<ref name="Guardian 0705 2011">{{cite web | title=15 June 1833: Striking off the fetters from the limbs of the slave | website=The Guardian | date=7 May 2011 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/may/07/newspapers-national-newspapers | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=9 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809070124/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/may/07/newspapers-national-newspapers | url-status=live }}</ref> However, the newspaper argued against restricting trade with countries that had not yet abolished slavery.<ref name="Guardian 2403 2012">{{cite web | title=From the archive, 24 March 1841: Editorial: Anti-free trade | website=The Guardian | date=24 March 2012 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/mar/24/archive-1841-editorial-anti-free-trade-slavery | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=2 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702152458/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/mar/24/archive-1841-editorial-anti-free-trade-slavery | url-status=live }}</ref>

Complex tensions developed in the United States.<ref name="Stoddard 2015">{{cite web | last=Stoddard | first=Katy | title=Looking back: American civil war | website=The Guardian | date=20 July 2015 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/jul/20/looking-back-american-civil-war | access-date=29 June 2020 | archive-date=30 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630151953/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/jul/20/looking-back-american-civil-war | url-status=live }}</ref> When the abolitionist [[George Thompson (abolitionist)|George Thompson]] toured, the newspaper said that "[s]lavery is a monstrous evil, but civil war is not a less one; and we would not seek the abolition even of the former through the imminent hazard of the latter". It suggested that the United States should compensate slave-owners for freeing slaves<ref name="Guardian 1212 2008">{{cite web | title=From The Guardian archive: On slavery and civil war | website=The Guardian | date=12 December 2008 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/dec/12/slavery-american-civil-war | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=30 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630031046/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/dec/12/slavery-american-civil-war | url-status=live }}</ref> and called on President [[Franklin Pierce]] to resolve the 1856 "civil war", the [[Sacking of Lawrence]] due to pro-slavery laws imposed by Congress.<ref name="Guardian 1006 2015">{{cite web | title='Civil war' in Kansas threatens to spread: from the archive, 10 June 1856 | website=The Guardian | date=10 June 2015 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/10/american-civil-war-united-states-kansas-archive-1856 | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=28 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628213636/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/10/american-civil-war-united-states-kansas-archive-1856 | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1860, ''[[The Observer]]'' quoted a report that the newly elected president [[Abraham Lincoln]] was opposed to abolition of slavery.<ref name="The Guardian 1712 2014">{{cite web | title=Lincoln opposes abolition of slavery: From the Observer archive, 17 December 1860 | website=The Guardian | date=17 December 2014 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/17/abolition-slavery-abraham-lincoln-1860 | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=3 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703094212/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/17/abolition-slavery-abraham-lincoln-1860 | url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 May 1861, shortly after the start of the [[American Civil War]], the ''Manchester Guardian'' portrayed the Northern states as primarily imposing a burdensome trade monopoly on the [[Confederate States]], arguing that if the South was freed to have direct trade with Europe, "the day would not be distant when slavery itself would cease". Therefore, the newspaper asked "Why should the South be prevented from freeing itself from slavery?"<ref name="Guardian 2305 2011">{{cite web | title=From the archive, 13 May 1861: America and direct trade with England | website=The Guardian | date=13 May 2011 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/may/13/america-trade-england-1861 | access-date=28 June 2020 | archive-date=15 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615145651/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/may/13/america-trade-england-1861 | url-status=live }}</ref> This hopeful view was also held by the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] leader [[William Ewart Gladstone]].<ref name="Kettle">{{cite news|last=Kettle|first=Martin|author-link=Martin Kettle|date=24 February 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/24/1865-guardian-stance-us-civil-war|title=Lincoln, evil? Our certainties of 1865 give us pause today|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627145624/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/24/1865-guardian-stance-us-civil-war|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln Square, Manchester.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Abraham Lincoln]] in [[Manchester]], with extracts from the working men's letter and his reply on its base]]
There was division in Britain over the Civil War, even within political parties. The ''Manchester Guardian'' had also been conflicted. It had supported other [[Age of Revolution|independence movements]] and felt it should also support the rights of the Confederacy to self-determination. It criticised Lincoln's [[Emancipation Proclamation]] for not freeing all American slaves.<ref name="Kettle"/> On 10 October 1862, it wrote: "It is impossible to cast any reflections upon a man so evidently sincere and well-intentioned as Mr Lincoln but it is also impossible not to feel that it was an evil day both for America and the world, when he was chosen President of the United States".<ref name="Ayerst1971">{{cite book|first=David|last=Ayerst|title=The Manchester Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhZlAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|pages=154–155|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-0642-3|access-date=2 July 2020|archive-date=7 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407174556/https://books.google.com/books?id=RhZlAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> By then, the [[Union blockade]] was causing [[Lancashire Cotton Famine#Politics|suffering in British towns]]. Some including [[Liverpool]] supported the Confederacy as did "current opinion in all classes" in London. On 31 December 1862, cotton workers held a meeting at the [[Free Trade Hall]] in Manchester which resolved "its detestation of negro slavery in America, and of the attempt of the rebellious Southern slave-holders to organise on the great American continent a nation having slavery as its basis". There was a comment that "an effort had been made in a leading article of the ''Manchester Guardian'' to deter the working men from assembling together for such a purpose". The newspaper reported all this and published their letter to President Lincoln<ref name="Rodrigues 2013">{{cite web | last=Rodrigues | first=Jason | title=From the archive: 1863, Lincoln's great debt to Manchester | website=The Guardian | date=4 February 2013 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2013/feb/04/lincoln-oscars-manchester-cotton-abraham | access-date=3 July 2020 | archive-date=1 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701081412/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2013/feb/04/lincoln-oscars-manchester-cotton-abraham | url-status=live }} {{cite web | title=Full text of "Manchester and Abraham Lincoln : a side-light on an earlier fight for freedom" | website=Internet Archive | date=10 June 2020 | url=https://archive.org/stream/manchesterabraha00hour/manchesterabraha00hour_djvu.txt | access-date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> while complaining that "the chief occupation, if not the chief object of the meeting, seems to have been to abuse the ''Manchester Guardian''".<ref name="Ayerst1971"/> Lincoln replied to the letter thanking the workers for their "sublime Christian heroism" and American ships delivered relief supplies to Britain.<ref name="Rodrigues 2013"/>

The newspaper reported the shock to the community of the [[assassination of Abraham Lincoln]] in 1865, concluding that "[t]he parting of his family with the dying President is too sad for description",<ref name="Guardian 1402 2015">{{cite web | title=The assassination of President Lincoln, 14 April 1865 | website=The Guardian | date=14 April 2015 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/from-the-archive-blog/2015/apr/14/president-lincoln-assassination-1865 | access-date=3 July 2020 | archive-date=1 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701153414/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/from-the-archive-blog/2015/apr/14/president-lincoln-assassination-1865 | url-status=live }}</ref> but in what from today's perspective looks an ill-judged editorial wrote that "[o]f his rule we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty", adding: "it is doubtless to be regretted that he had not the opportunity of vindicating his good intentions".<ref name="Kettle"/>

According to [[Martin Kettle]], writing for ''The Guardian'' in February 2011: "''The Guardian'' had always hated slavery. But it doubted the Union hated slavery to the same degree. It argued that the Union had always tacitly condoned slavery by shielding the southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. It was critical of Lincoln's emancipation proclamation for stopping short of a full repudiation of slavery throughout the US. And it chastised the president for being so willing to negotiate with the south, with slavery one of the issues still on the table."<ref name="Kettle"/>

====C. P. Scott====
[[File:Charles Prestwich Scott in 1919 (3x4 cropped).jpg|thumb|[[C. P. Scott]] in 1919]]
[[C. P. Scott]] made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907. Under Scott, the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting [[William Gladstone]] when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the [[Second Boer War]] against popular opinion.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hampton, Mark|year=2011|title=The Press, Patriotism, and Public Discussion: C. P. Scott, the "Manchester Guardian", and the Boer War, 1899–1902|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=44|number=1|pages=177–197|jstor=3133966|doi=10.1017/S0018246X01001479|s2cid=159550361}}</ref> Scott supported the movement for [[women's suffrage]], but was critical of any tactics by the [[suffragettes]] that involved [[direct action]]:<ref name="suffragettes">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2007/nov/13/research.highereducation |title=Unladylike behaviour |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=13 November 2007 |access-date=28 July 2009 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |last=Purvis |first=June |author-link=June Purvis |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006010805/http://www.theguardian.com/education/2007/nov/13/research.highereducation |url-status=live }}</ref> "The really ludicrous position is that [[Mr Lloyd George]] is fighting to enfranchise seven million women and the militants are smashing unoffending people's windows and breaking up benevolent societies' meetings in a desperate effort to prevent him." Scott thought the Suffragettes' "courage and devotion" was "worthy of a better cause and saner leadership".<ref>Quoted in David Ayerst, ''The Guardian'', 1971, p. 353.</ref> It has been argued that Scott's criticism reflected a widespread disdain, at the time, for those women who "transgressed the gender expectations of [[Edwardian society]]".<ref name="suffragettes"/>

Scott commissioned [[J. M. Synge]] and his friend [[Jack Yeats]] to produce articles and drawings documenting the social conditions of the west of Ireland; these pieces were published in 1911 in the collection ''Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnold |first=Bruce |title=To the waters and the wild |newspaper=[[Irish Independent]] |location=Dublin |date=27 November 2012 |url=http://www.independent.ie/incoming/to-the-waters-and-the-wild-26527736.html |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606223923/http://www.independent.ie/incoming/to-the-waters-and-the-wild-26527736.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Scott's friendship with [[Chaim Weizmann]] played a role in the [[Balfour Declaration]]. In 1948 ''The Manchester Guardian'' was a supporter of the new State of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckhurst |first=Tim |date=10 May 2023 |title=How the British press covered the establishment of Israel – I looked into the newspaper archives to find out |url=http://theconversation.com/how-the-british-press-covered-the-establishment-of-israel-i-looked-into-the-newspaper-archives-to-find-out-204646 |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref>

Ownership of the paper passed in June 1936 to the [[Scott Trust]] (named after the last owner, [[John Russell Scott]], who was the first chairman of the Trust). This move ensured the paper's independence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/the-scott-trust |title=The Scott Trust |work=The Guardian |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902165323/https://www.theguardian.com/the-scott-trust |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=October 2021}}

From 1930 to 1967, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 [[zinc]] cases. These were found in 1988 while the newspaper's archives were deposited at the [[University of Manchester]]'s [[John Rylands University Library]], on the Oxford Road campus. The first case was opened and found to contain the newspapers issued in August 1930 in pristine condition. The zinc cases had been made each month by the newspaper's plumber and stored for posterity. The other 699 cases were not opened and were all returned to storage at ''The Guardian''{{'}}s garage, owing to shortage of space at the library.<ref>Taylor, Geoffrey (11 April 1988) "Bowled over by treasures at the bottom of the zinc"; ''The Guardian''</ref>

====Spanish Civil War====
Traditionally affiliated with the centrist to centre-left [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]], and with a northern, non-conformist circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1939). [[George Orwell]] wrote in ''[[Homage to Catalonia#Appendix one (orig. ch. 5)|Homage to Catalonia]]'' (1938): "Of our larger papers, the ''Manchester Guardian'' is the only one that leaves me with an increased respect for its honesty".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Orwell|first1=George|author-link=George Orwell|title=Homage to Catalonia|isbn=0-15-642117-8|publisher=[[Harcourt, Brace]]|oclc=769187345|page=[[iarchive:homagetocataloni00orwe 0/page/65/mode/1up|65]]|year=1980|orig-date=1938}}</ref> With the pro-Liberal ''[[News Chronicle]]'', the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]-supporting ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'', the [[Communist Party of Great Britain|Communist Party]]'s ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Daily Worker]]'' and several Sunday and weekly papers, it supported the Republican government against General [[Francisco Franco]]'s insurgent nationalists.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Beevor|first1=Antony|author-link=Antony Beevor|title=The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939|year=2006|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-303765-X|oclc=70158540|page=[[iarchive:battleforspainsp00anto/page/243/mode/1up|243]]}}</ref>

====Post-war====
The paper's then editor, [[A. P. Wadsworth]], so loathed Labour's left-wing champion [[Aneurin Bevan]], who had made a reference to getting rid of "Tory Vermin" in a speech "and the hate-gospellers of his entourage" that it encouraged readers to vote Conservative in the [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951 general election]] and remove [[Clement Attlee]]'s post-war Labour government.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Manchester Guardian|author=Leader|date=22 October 1951|title=Time for change?}}</ref>

''The Manchester Guardian'' strongly opposed military intervention during the 1956 [[Suez Crisis]]: "The Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt is an act of folly, without justification in any terms but brief expediency. It pours petrol on a growing fire. There is no knowing what kind of explosion will follow."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/10/pressandpublishing.egypt | title=Courage under fire | work=The Guardian | date=10 July 2006 | access-date=5 March 2014 | author=Rusbridger Alan | archive-date=30 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830063430/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jul/10/pressandpublishing.egypt | url-status=live }}. Three years from 1956 and the ''Manchester Guardian'' soon became ''The Guardian'', introduced by Scott C.C.P</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wv7sCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |title=Reassessing Suez 1956: New Perspectives on the Crisis and Its Aftermath |last=Smith |first=Simon C. |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |page=230 |isbn=978-1-317-07069-6 |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121073108/https://books.google.com/books?id=wv7sCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 24 August 1959, ''The Manchester Guardian'' changed its name to ''The Guardian''. This change reflected the growing prominence of national and international affairs in the newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/2002/jun/11/1|title=Key moments in The Guardian's history: a timeline|date=16 November 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427154248/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/2002/jun/11/1|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 1961, ''The Guardian'', which had previously only been published in [[Manchester]], began to be printed in London.<ref>''The Press and the People''. London: General Council of the Press. 1961, p. 14</ref>
[[Nesta Roberts]] was appointed as the newspaper's first news editor there, becoming the first woman to hold such a position on a British national newspaper.<ref>Geoffrey Taylor, "Nesta Roberts: The first woman to run the news desk on a national newspaper", ''The Guardian'', 18 January 2009, accessed 14 August 2021</ref>

===1972 to 2000===

====The Troubles====

During the early period of [[the Troubles]] in [[Northern Ireland]], ''The Guardian'' supported British state intervention to quell disturbances between [[Irish Catholics]] and [[Ulster loyalists]].<ref>''The Guardian'', leader, 4 August 1969</ref> After the 1969 [[Battle of the Bogside]] between Catholic residents of [[Derry]] and the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] (RUC), ''The Guardian'' called for the [[British Armed Forces]] to be deployed to the region, arguing that their deployment would "present a more disinterested face of law and order" than the RUC.<ref>''The Guardian'', leader, 15 August 1969</ref> The Army was deployed from 1969.

On 30 January 1972, troops from the [[1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment]] opened fire on a [[Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association]] march, killing fourteen people in an event that came to be known as [[Bloody Sunday (1972)|Bloody Sunday]]. In response to the incident, ''The Guardian'' argued that "Neither side can escape condemnation... The organisers of the demonstration, Miss [[Bernadette Devlin]] among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. They knew that stone throwing and sniping could not be prevented, and that the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] might [[human shield|use the crowd as a shield]]."<ref name="BloodySunday">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1972/feb/01/bloodysunday.northernireland1|title=The division deepens|work=The Guardian|date=1 February 1972|author=Leader|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121559/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1972/feb/01/bloodysunday.northernireland1|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' further stated that "It is certainly true that the army cordons had endured a wanton barrage of stones, steel bars, and other missiles. That still does not justify opening fire so freely."<ref name="BloodySunday"/>

After the events of Bloody Sunday, [[John Widgery, Baron Widgery]] was appointed the head of a tribunal to investigate the killings. The resulting tribunal, known as the [[Widgery Tribunal]], largely exonerated the actions of the soldiers involved in the incident.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/19/newsid_2491000/2491125.stm |title=19 April 1972: 'Bloody Sunday' report excuses Army |publisher=BBC |year=2008 |access-date=28 July 2009 |work=On this day 1950–2005 |archive-date=6 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106153121/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/19/newsid_2491000/2491125.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bowcott |first=Owen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/16/bloody-sunday-inquiry-derry-verdict |title=Bloody Sunday inquiry: 'We always knew the dead were innocent' |work=The Guardian |date=16 June 2010 |access-date=11 August 2013 |archive-date=25 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725211745/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/16/bloody-sunday-inquiry-derry-verdict |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Guardian'' published an article on 20 April 1972 which supported the tribunal and its findings, arguing that "Widgery's report is not one-sided".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1972/apr/20/bloodysunday.northernireland|title=To make history repeat itself|work=The Guardian|date=20 April 1972|author=Leader|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121813/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1972/apr/20/bloodysunday.northernireland|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the introduction of [[internment]] without trial in Northern Ireland, ''The Guardian'' argued that "Internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, most regrettably, it is also inevitable... To remove the ringleaders, in the hope that the atmosphere might calm down, is a step to which there is no obvious alternative."<ref>''The Guardian'', leader, 10 August 1971</ref>

====Sarah Tisdall====
In 1983, the paper was at the centre of a controversy surrounding documents regarding the stationing of [[cruise missile]]s in Britain that were leaked to ''The Guardian'' by civil servant [[Sarah Tisdall]]. The paper eventually complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, which led to a six-month prison sentence for Tisdall.<ref>{{cite news |last=Routledge |first=Paul |date=16 January 1994 |title=Profile: Hunter of the truth: Lord justice Scott: With the Government rattled, Paul Routledge looks at the man John Major now has to face | Voices |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-hunter-of-the-truth-lord-justice-scott-with-the-government-rattled-paul-routledge-looks-at-the-man-john-major-now-has-to-face-1407249.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308083546/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-hunter-of-the-truth-lord-justice-scott-with-the-government-rattled-paul-routledge-looks-at-the-man-john-major-now-has-to-face-1407249.html |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=6 March 2016 |work=The Independent}}</ref> "I still blame myself", said [[Peter Preston]], who was the editor of ''The Guardian'' at the time, but he went on to argue that the paper had no choice because it "believed in the rule of law".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/pressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia|title=A source of great regret|work=The Guardian|date=5 September 2005|location=London|last=Preston|first=Peter|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202082642/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/pressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2019 article discussing [[Julian Assange]] and the protection of sources by journalists, [[John Pilger]] criticised the editor of ''The Guardian'' for betraying Tisdall by choosing not to go to prison "on a fundamental principle of protecting a source".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pilger |first1=John |title=John Pilger: The Assange Arrest Is A Warning From History |url=https://newmatilda.com/2019/04/14/john-pilger-the-assange-arrest-is-a-warning-from-history/ |access-date=3 May 2019 |publisher=New Matilda |date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417005445/https://newmatilda.com/2019/04/14/john-pilger-the-assange-arrest-is-a-warning-from-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====The Observer====
The [[Guardian Media Group]] acquired the [[Sunday newspaper]] ''[[The Observer]]'' in June 1993, after a rival acquisition bid by ''[[The Independent]]'' was rejected.<ref name="Indy">{{cite news |last=Leapman |first=Michael |title=New editor chosen for 'Observer': 'Guardian' deputy to succeed Trelford |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/new-editor-chosen-for-observer-guardian-deputy-to-succeed-trelford-2322911.html |access-date=22 October 2023 |work=The Independent |date=15 May 1993}}</ref> This extended the Guardian's publishing to 7 days a week. While the Observer continued to operate as a separate published newspaper with its own editorial team and journalists, over time its digital content became part of The Guardian's online presence. ''The Observer'' was sold to Tortoise Media, effective from April 2025.

====Alleged penetration by Russian intelligence====
In 1994, [[KGB]] defector [[Oleg Gordievsky]] identified ''Guardian'' literary editor [[Richard Gott]] as "an agent of influence". While Gott denied that he received cash, he admitted he had had lunch at the Soviet Embassy and had taken benefits from the KGB on overseas visits. Gott resigned from his post.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Rhys|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/guardian-journalist-recruited-by-the-kgb-1386978.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/guardian-journalist-recruited-by-the-kgb-1386978.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='Guardian' journalist recruited by the KGB|work=The Independent|date=9 December 1994|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref>

Gordievsky commented on the newspaper: "The KGB loved ''The Guardian''. It was deemed highly susceptible to penetration."<ref name="findarticles.com">{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n7_v11/ai_16679970/pg_2/ |title=CBSi |publisher=[[FindArticles]] |access-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624033500/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n7_v11/ai_16679970/pg_2/ |archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref>

====Jonathan Aitken====
In 1995, both the [[Granada Television]] programme ''[[World in Action]]'' and ''The Guardian'' were sued for [[libel]] by the [[cabinet minister]] [[Jonathan Aitken#Libel, arrest and prison|Jonathan Aitken]], for their allegation that [[Harrods]] owner [[Mohamed Al Fayed]] had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the [[Hôtel Ritz]] in Paris, essentially a bribe to Aitken. Aitken publicly stated that he would fight with "the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play".<ref>{{cite news |title=The simple sword of truth |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1995/apr/11/uk1 |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=11 April 1995 |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-date=19 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919092400/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/1995/apr/11/uk1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The court case proceeded, and in 1997 ''The Guardian'' produced evidence that Aitken's claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1997/jun/21/uk.davidpallister|title=He lied and lied and lied|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=21 June 1997|last1=Harding|first1=Luke|author2=David Pallister|author2-link=David Pallister|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715035835/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1997/jun/21/uk.davidpallister|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1999, Aitken was jailed for [[perjury]] and [[perverting the course of justice]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/258070.stm |title=Aitken pleads guilty to perjury |publisher=BBC News |date=19 January 1999 |access-date=8 September 2004 |archive-date=2 July 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040702214336/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/258070.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

====''Connection''====
In May 1998, a series of ''Guardian'' investigations exposed that a much-garlanded ITV documentary ''The Connection'' produced by Carlton Television [[Carlton Television#Factual inaccuracy in 1996 documentary|was mostly fabricated]].

The documentary purported to film an undiscovered route by which heroin was smuggled into the United Kingdom from Colombia. An internal inquiry at Carlton found that ''The Guardian''{{'}}s allegations were in large part correct, and the regulator [[Independent Television Commission]] (ITC) punished Carlton with a record £2 million fine<ref>[http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/itc/itc_publications/annual_report/1998/programme_regulation.asp.html ITC Annual Report 1998 – Programme regulation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071132/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/itc/itc_publications/annual_report/1998/programme_regulation.asp.html |date=24 September 2015 }} Retrieved 26 September 2007</ref> for multiple breaches of the UK's broadcasting codes. The scandal led to an impassioned debate about the accuracy of documentary production.<ref>[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr1199/bwfr8b.htm The primrose path: faking UK television documentary, "Docuglitz" and Docusoap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206204451/http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr1199/bwfr8b.htm |date=6 February 2012 }} Retrieved 26 September 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719232514/http://www.bjr.org.uk/data/2003/no3_owen.htm |archive-date=19 July 2012 |website=British Journalism Review |first=John |last=Owen |title=Now you see it, now you don't |access-date=26 September 2007 |date=3 November 2003 |url=http://www.bjr.org.uk/data/2003/no3_owen.htm}}</ref> In June 1998 ''The Guardian'' revealed further fabrications in another Carlton documentary by the same director.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-10-9806100250-story.html |title=TV Filmmaker Accused of 2nd Fake |last=Moseley |first=Ray |work=Chicago Tribune |date=10 June 1998 |access-date=28 May 2019 |archive-date=28 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528084120/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-10-9806100250-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Kosovo War====
The paper supported [[NATO]]'s military intervention in the [[Kosovo War]] in 1998–1999. ''The Guardian'' stated that "the only honourable course for Europe and America is to use military force".<ref>''The Guardian'', leader, 23 March 1999</ref> [[Mary Kaldor]]'s piece was headlined "Bombs away! But to save civilians, we must get in some soldiers too."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/mar/25/balkans8 |title=Bombs away! But to save civilians we must get in some soldiers too |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=25 March 1999 |author-link=Mary Kaldor |last=Kaldor |first=Mary |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202111617/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/mar/25/balkans8 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Since 2000===
[[File:Canciller Ricardo Patiño ofrece entrevista al diario “The Guardian”.jpg|thumb|''The Guardian'' senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian foreign minister [[Ricardo Patiño]] for an article relating to [[Julian Assange]] in 2014]]

In the early 2000s, ''The Guardian'' challenged the [[Act of Settlement 1701]] and the [[Treason Felony Act 1848]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/dec/06/monarchy.claredyer |title=A challenge to the crown: now is the time for change |work=The Guardian |date=6 December 2000 |location=London |last=Dyer |first=Clare |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=28 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228131614/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/dec/06/monarchy.claredyer |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2000/dec/07/monarchy.politicalnews |title=Broad welcome for debate on monarchy |work=The Guardian |date=7 December 2000 |location=London |last=Watt |first=Nicholas |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=19 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719071844/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2000/dec/07/monarchy.politicalnews |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2004, ''The Guardian'' published a humorous column by [[Charlie Brooker]] in its entertainment guide, the final sentence of which was viewed by some as a call for violence against US President [[George W. Bush]]; after a controversy, Brooker and the paper issued an apology, saying the "closing comments were intended as an ironic joke, not as a call to action".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/oct/24/tvandradio.theguide |title=Screen Burn, The Guide |work=The Guardian |date=24 October 2004 |location=London |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510175217/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/oct/24/tvandradio.theguide |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]], ''The Guardian'' published an article on its comment pages by [[Dilpazier Aslam]], a 27-year-old British Muslim and journalism trainee from [[Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jul/13/religion.july7 |title=We rock the boat |work=The Guardian |date=13 July 2005 |location=London |last=Aslam |first=Dilpazier |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220124/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jul/13/religion.july7 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aslam was a member of [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]], an [[Islamist]] group, and had published a number of articles on their website. According to the newspaper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jul/22/theguardian.pressandpublishing1 |title=Background: The Guardian and Dilpazier Aslam |work=MediaGuardian |date=22 July 2005 |location=London |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021808/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jul/22/theguardian.pressandpublishing1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Home Office]] said that the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". ''The Guardian'' asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group and, when he did not do so, terminated his employment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jul/22/theguardian.pressandpublishing |title=Dilpazier Aslam leaves Guardian |work=MediaGuardian |date=22 July 2005 |last=Busfield |first=Steve |location=London |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221161529/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jul/22/theguardian.pressandpublishing |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early 2009, ''The Guardian'' started a tax investigation into a number of major UK companies,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/series/tax-gap |title=Tax Gap |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=6 February 2009 |access-date=28 July 2009 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304202621/http://www.theguardian.com/business/series/tax-gap |url-status=live }}</ref> including publishing a database of the tax paid by the [[FTSE 100]] companies.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/interactive/2009/feb/02/tax-database |title=Big business: what they make, what they pay |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=2 February 2009 |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304202619/http://www.theguardian.com/business/interactive/2009/feb/02/tax-database |url-status=live }}</ref> Internal documents relating to [[Barclays Bank]]'s [[tax avoidance]] were removed from ''The Guardian'' website after Barclays obtained a [[gagging order]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/mar/19/barclays-tax-guardian-injunction|title=Guardian loses legal challenge over Barclays documents gagging order|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=19 March 2009|last1=Jones|first1=Sam|author2=David Leigh|publisher=Guardian News and Media|author2-link=David Leigh (journalist)|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510172452/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/mar/19/barclays-tax-guardian-injunction|url-status=live}}</ref> The newspaper played a pivotal role in exposing the depth of the [[News of the World phone hacking affair|''News of the World'' phone hacking affair]]. ''[[The Economist]]''{{'s}} ''[[Intelligent Life (magazine)|Intelligent Life]]'' magazine opined that:

{{Cquote|As [[Watergate]] is to ''[[The Washington Post|[The] Washington Post]]'', and [[thalidomide]] to ''[[The Sunday Times|[The] Sunday Times]]'', so [[News International phone hacking scandal|phone-hacking]] will surely be to ''The Guardian'': a defining moment in its history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Can The Guardian survive? |url=http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive |archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819142430/http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive |url-status=dead |newspaper=Intelligent Life |date=July–August 2012 |access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref>}}

====Israeli-Palestinian conflict coverage====
In recent decades, ''The Guardian'' has been accused of biased [[criticism of Israeli government policy]]<ref name="Sela">{{cite journal|last1=Sela|first1=Hadar|date=June 2010|title=Anti-Zionist and Antisemitic Discourse on ''The Guardian''{{'}}s "Comment Is Free" Website|url=http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/2010/06/sela.html|url-status=dead|journal=[[Middle East Review of International Affairs]]|volume=14|issue=2|pages=31–37|issn=1565-8996|id={{ProQuest|816331031}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713075059/http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/2010/06/sela.html|archive-date=13 July 2010}}</ref> and of bias against the Palestinians.<ref>Ponsford, Dominic (12 August 2014), [http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-accused-pro-israel-bias-after-carrying-child-sacrifice-ad-rejected-times/ "Guardian accused of pro-Israel bias after carrying 'child sacrifice' ad rejected by The Times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112525/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-accused-pro-israel-bias-after-carrying-child-sacrifice-ad-rejected-times/ |date=7 February 2017 }}, ''PressGazette''.</ref> In December 2003, columnist [[Julie Burchill]] cited "striking bias against the state of Israel" as one of the reasons she left the paper for ''The Times''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Burchill|first=Julie|author-link=Julie Burchill|date=29 November 2003|title=Good, bad and ugly|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2003/nov/29/weekend.julieburchill|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=22 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722183248/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2003/nov/29/weekend.julieburchill|url-status=live}}</ref>

Responding to these accusations, a ''Guardian'' editorial in 2002 condemned antisemitism and defended the paper's right to criticise the policies and actions of the Israeli government, arguing that those who view such criticism as inherently anti-Jewish are mistaken.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 January 2002|title=Leader: A new anti-semitism?|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jan/26/israel.guardianleaders|access-date=25 January 2010|archive-date=25 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825234218/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jan/26/israel.guardianleaders|url-status=live}}</ref> Harriet Sherwood, then ''The Guardian''{{'s}} foreign editor and later its Jerusalem correspondent, has also denied that ''The Guardian'' has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]].<ref>{{cite news|title=News coverage|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/values/socialaudit/story/0,,1931208,00.html|access-date=25 May 2010|archive-date=25 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825080739/http://www.theguardian.com/values/socialaudit/story/0,,1931208,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 November 2011, Chris Elliott, ''The Guardian''{{'}}s readers' editor, wrote that "''Guardian'' reporters, writers and editors must be more vigilant about the language they use when writing about Jews or Israel", citing recent cases where ''The Guardian'' received complaints regarding language chosen to describe Jews or Israel. Elliott noted that, over nine months, he upheld complaints regarding language in certain articles that were seen as anti-Semitic, revising the language and footnoting this change.<ref name="Elliott responds">{{cite web|author=Elliott, Chris|date=6 November 2011|title=The readers' editor on ... averting accusations of antisemitism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/06/averting-accusations-of-antisemitism-guardian|access-date=3 October 2012|work=The Guardian|archive-date=1 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001054553/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/06/averting-accusations-of-antisemitism-guardian|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Guardian''{{'}}s style guide section referred to [[Tel Aviv]] as the capital of Israel in 2012. In 2012, media watchdog [[HonestReporting]] filed a complaint with the [[Press Complaints Commission]] (PCC) after ''The Guardian'' ran a correction apologising for "wrongly" having called Jerusalem as Israel's capital. After an initial ruling supporting ''The Guardian'', the PCC retracted its original ruling, leading to the newspaper's acknowledgement that it was wrong to call Tel Aviv Israel's capital.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Guardian seeks to revise history|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/155043|first=Rachel|last=Hirshfeld|access-date=16 October 2014|work=Arutz Sheva|date=23 April 2012|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073541/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/155043|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|editor=Corrections and clarifications column|date=22 April 2012|title=Corrections and clarifications|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/apr/22/corrections-and-clarifications|access-date=6 March 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001345/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/apr/22/corrections-and-clarifications|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahern |first1=Raphael |title=Guardian: We were wrong to call Tel Aviv Israel's capital |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/guardian-admits-we-were-wrong-in-calling-tel-aviv-israels-capital/ |access-date=29 February 2024 |work=[[Times of Israel]] |date=8 August 2012 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229022216/https://www.timesofisrael.com/guardian-admits-we-were-wrong-in-calling-tel-aviv-israels-capital/ |url-status=live }}</ref>''The Guardian'' later clarified: "In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country's capital. In response, the UN security council issued resolution 478, censuring the 'change in character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem' and calling on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to withdraw. The UN has reaffirmed this position on several occasions, and almost every country now has its embassy in Tel Aviv. While it was therefore right to issue a correction to make clear Israel's designation of Jerusalem as its capital is not recognised by the international community, we accept that it is wrong to state that Tel Aviv – the country's financial and diplomatic centre – is the capital. The style guide has been amended accordingly."<ref name="Guardian retract">{{cite web|date=7 August 2012|title=Corrections and clarifications|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/aug/07/corrections-and-clarifications|access-date=29 July 2015|work=The Guardian|archive-date=18 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718175454/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2012/aug/07/corrections-and-clarifications|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 11 August 2014 the print edition of ''The Guardian'' published a pro-Israeli advocacy advert during the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]] featuring [[Elie Wiesel]], headed by the words "Jews rejected child sacrifice 3,500 years ago. Now it's Hamas' turn." ''The Times'' had decided against running the ad, although it had already appeared in major American newspapers.<ref>{{cite web|first=Meredith|last=Carey|date=7 August 2014|title=The Guardian Accepts Elie Wiesel's Rejected London Times Advertisement – Observer|url=http://observer.com/2014/08/exclusive-the-guardian-accepts-the-elie-weisel-ad-rejected-by-london-times/|access-date=24 March 2016|work=Observer|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330082408/http://observer.com/2014/08/exclusive-the-guardian-accepts-the-elie-weisel-ad-rejected-by-london-times/|url-status=live}}</ref> One week later, Chris Elliott expressed the opinion that the newspaper should have rejected the language used in the advert and should have negotiated with the advertiser on this matter.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Elliott|first1=Chris|date=18 August 2014|title=The readers' editor on... the decision to run This World's advertisement|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/18/readers-editor-decision-this-world-advertisement|access-date=22 August 2014|website=[[theguardian.com]]|archive-date=21 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821205527/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/18/readers-editor-decision-this-world-advertisement|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2023, ''The Guardian'' stated it would not renew the contract of cartoonist [[Steve Bell (cartoonist)|Steve Bell]] after he submitted a cartoon featuring Netanyahu, with his shirt open, wearing boxing gloves and holding a scalpel over a dotted shape of the [[Gaza Strip]] on his stomach. The caption read: "Residents of Gaza, get out now." Due to what has been seen by some as a reference to Shakespeare's [[Shylock]]'s "pound of flesh", it prompted accusations that it was antisemitic.<ref>{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=James |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/10/15/guardian-cartoonist-steve-bell-anti-semitic-netanyahu/ |title=Guardian cartoonist sacked over 'anti-Semitic' Netanyahu drawing |work=The Telegraph |date=15 October 2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015212014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/10/15/guardian-cartoonist-steve-bell-anti-semitic-netanyahu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bell said that he was inspired by the 1960s "Johnson's Scar" cartoon by [[David Levine]] of US president [[Lyndon B Johnson]] within the context of the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2023 |title=Steve Bell sacked by Guardian in antisemitism row over Netanyahu cartoon |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67122609 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208150745/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67122609 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hti.osu.edu/opper/lesson-plans/cold-war-conflict-in-vietnam-the-vietnam-era-presidency/images/johnsons-scar|title=Johnson's Scar|website=Ohio State University|access-date=21 March 2024|archive-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108042404/https://hti.osu.edu/opper/lesson-plans/cold-war-conflict-in-vietnam-the-vietnam-era-presidency/images/johnsons-scar|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Clark County====
In August 2004, for the [[2004 United States presidential election|US presidential election]], the daily ''G2'' supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in [[Clark County, Ohio|Clark County]], Ohio, an average-sized county in a [[swing state]]. Editor [[Ian Katz]] bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against President George W. Bush.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2004 |title=Did Guardian turn Ohio to Bush? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3981823.stm |access-date=16 October 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Katz admitted later that he did not believe Democrats who warned that the campaign would benefit Bush and not his opponent, [[John Kerry]].<ref name="rennie20041022">{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1474828/Guardian-calls-it-quits-in-Clark-County-fiasco.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1474828/Guardian-calls-it-quits-in-Clark-County-fiasco.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Guardian calls it quits in Clark County fiasco |last=Rennie |first=David |date=21 October 2004 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=29 July 2019 |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The newspaper scrapped "Operation Clark County" on 21 October 2004 after first publishing a column of responses—nearly all of them outraged—to the campaign under the headline "Dear Limey assholes".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/18/uselections2004.usa2|title=Dear Limey assholes|access-date=13 May 2008|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=18 October 2004|archive-date=28 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828090159/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/18/uselections2004.usa2|url-status=live}}</ref> Some commentators suggested that the public's dislike of the campaign contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.<ref name="bowers">{{cite web |last=Bowers |first=Andy |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2004/11/dear_limey_assholes_.html |title=A crazy British plot to help Kerry |publisher=Slate |date=4 November 2004 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065354/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2004/11/dear_limey_assholes_.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====International editions====
In 2007, the paper launched ''Guardian America'', an attempt to capitalise on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time stood at more than 5.9 million. The company hired former ''[[American Prospect]]'' editor, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine columnist and ''[[New York Review of Books]]'' writer [[Michael Tomasky]] to head the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site featured news from ''The Guardian'' that was relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example.<ref>{{cite web |first=Leon |last=Neyfakh |url=http://observer.com/2007/09/iguardiani-reclaims-america/ |title=Guardian Reclaims America |website=Observer |date=5 September 2007 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410013556/http://observer.com/2007/09/iguardiani-reclaims-america/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tomasky stepped down from his position as editor of ''Guardian America'' in February 2009, ceding editing and planning duties to other US and London staff. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger, taking the title editor-at-large.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/feb/18/michael-tomasky-editor-democracy|title=Michael Tomasky joins political journal Democracy|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=18 February 2009|last=Kiss|first=Jemima|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101232654/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/feb/18/michael-tomasky-editor-democracy|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2009, the company abandoned the ''Guardian America'' homepage, instead directing users to a US news index page on the main ''Guardian'' website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/20/419-gnm-axing-guardianamerica-com-shuffling-execs-in-restructure/ |title=GNM Axing GuardianAmerica.com, Shuffling Execs in Restructure| access-date=11 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624042418/http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/20/419-gnm-axing-guardianamerica-com-shuffling-execs-in-restructure/ |archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> The following month, the company laid off six American employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer and four web editors. The move came as ''Guardian News and Media'' opted to reconsider its US strategy amid a huge effort to cut costs across the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paidcontent.org/2009/11/06/419-guardian-news-and-media-laying-off-seven-employees-in-u-s/ |title=Guardian News And Media Laying Off Six Employees in U.S.|first=Rafat|last=Ali|access-date=11 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624012953/http://paidcontent.org/2009/11/06/419-guardian-news-and-media-laying-off-seven-employees-in-u-s/ |archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> In subsequent years, however, ''The Guardian'' has hired various commentators on US affairs including [[Ana Marie Cox]], [[Michael Wolff (journalist)|Michael Wolff]], [[Naomi Wolf]], [[Glenn Greenwald]] and George W. Bush's former speechwriter [[Josh Treviño]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=26 August 2012|title=The Guardian Backtracks From a Bold Move in Hiring|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/27/business/media/guardian-backtracks-from-hiring-of-joshua-trevino.html|access-date=31 December 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207091118/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/27/business/media/guardian-backtracks-from-hiring-of-joshua-trevino.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Treviño">{{cite web |author=Guardian US |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/9 |title=adds Josh Treviño to growing US team |work=The Guardian |date=15 August 2012 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120539/http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/9 |url-status=live }}</ref> Treviño's first blog post was an apology for a controversial tweet posted in June 2011 over the second Gaza flotilla, the controversy which had been revived by the appointment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-news-blog/2012/aug/16/2011-gaza-flotilla-tweet-clarification?commentpage=all#start-of-comments|title=My 2011 Gaza flotilla tweet: a clarification|first=Joshua|last=Treviño|work=The Guardian|date=16 August 2012|access-date=16 October 2014|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020012322/http://www.theguardian.com/world/us-news-blog/2012/aug/16/2011-gaza-flotilla-tweet-clarification?commentpage=all#start-of-comments|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Guardian US]]'' launched in September 2011, led by editor-in-chief [[Janine Gibson (journalist)|Janine Gibson]], which replaced the previous ''Guardian America'' service.<ref name="PressRel">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-unveils-us-url|title=Guardian unveils url for the US – guardiannews.com – as its new digital operation gets underway in New York |newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2013|date=14 September 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019113929/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-unveils-us-url |archive-date= 19 October 2013 }}</ref> After a period during which [[Katharine Viner]] served as the US editor-in-chief before taking charge of ''Guardian News and Media'' as a whole, Viner's former deputy, Lee Glendinning, was appointed to succeed her as head of the American operation at the beginning of June 2015.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jasper |last=Jackson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/lee-glendinning-editor-guardian-us |title=Lee Glendinning appointed as editor of Guardian US |work=The Guardian |date=1 June 2015 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042151/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/lee-glendinning-editor-guardian-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

''The Guardian'' later launched Australian and "International" digital editions in 2013 and 2015 respectively. In September 2023, a European digital edition was launched, part of the newspaper's efforts to be "even more European in its perspective, not less" after [[Brexit]]. Ten journalists and four columnists were initially hired for the edition. After a year, European readership increased 15%, with Ireland, Germany, France, Spain, and the Netherlands providing the editions biggest audiences.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 January 2025|date=17 October 2024|first=Hanaa'|last=Tameez|title=A year in, The Guardian's European edition contributes 15% of the publisher's pageviews|work=Nieman Lab |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2024/10/a-year-in-the-guardians-european-edition-contributes-15-of-the-publishers-pageviews/}}</ref>

====Gagged from reporting Parliament====
In October 2009, ''The Guardian'' reported that it was forbidden to report on a parliamentary matter, a question recorded in a Commons order paper, to be answered by a minister later that week.<ref>{{cite web |author=Table Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmordbk2/cmob2.htm |title=Order Paper Part 2 |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |date=12 November 2009 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221400/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmordbk2/cmob2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The newspaper noted that it was being "forbidden from telling its readers why the paper is prevented—for the first time in memory—from reporting parliament. Legal obstacles, which cannot be identified, involve proceedings, which cannot be mentioned, on behalf of a client who must remain secret. The only fact ''The Guardian'' can report is that the case involves the London solicitors [[Carter-Ruck]]." The paper further stated that this case appeared "to call into question privileges guaranteeing free speech established under the [[1689 Bill of Rights]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/12/guardian-gagged-from-reporting-parliament|title=Guardian gagged from reporting parliament|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=12 October 2009|last=Leigh|first=David|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=5 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005045156/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/12/guardian-gagged-from-reporting-parliament|url-status=live}}</ref>

The only parliamentary question mentioning Carter-Ruck in the relevant period was by [[Paul Farrelly]] MP, in reference to legal action by [[Barclays]] and [[Trafigura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmordbk2/91014o01.htm|title=Oral or Written Questions for Answer beginning on Wednesday 14 October 2009|work=UK Parliament|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016113956/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmordbk2/91014o01.htm|archive-date=16 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Press Gazette|date=13 October 2009|title=Guardian gagged from reporting Parliament|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/44460|publisher=Progressive Media International|location=London|first=Dominic|last=Ponsford|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513013753/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/44460|archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref> The part of the question referencing Carter-Ruck relates to the latter company's September 2009 gagging order on the publication of a 2006 internal report<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wikileaks.com/wiki/Minton_report:_Trafigura_Toxic_dumping_along_the_Ivory_Coast_broke_EU_regulations,_14_Sep_2006 |title=Minton report: Trafigura toxic dumping along the Ivory Coast broke EU regulations, 14 Sep 2006 |publisher=WikiLeaks |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011225104/https://www.wikileaks.com/wiki/Minton_report:_Trafigura_Toxic_dumping_along_the_Ivory_Coast_broke_EU_regulations,_14_Sep_2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> into the [[2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump]] scandal, which involved a [[class action]] case that the company only settled in September 2009 after ''The Guardian'' published some of the commodity trader's internal emails.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/trafigura-oil-ivory-coast |title=How UK oil company Trafigura tried to cover up African pollution disaster |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=16 September 2009 |last=Leigh |first=David |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121632/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/trafigura-oil-ivory-coast |url-status=live }}</ref> The reporting injunction was lifted the next day, as Carter-Ruck withdrew it before ''The Guardian'' could challenge it in the High Court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/13/guardian-gagged-parliamentary-question |title=Gag on Guardian reporting MP's Trafigura question lifted |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=13 October 2009 |last=Leigh |first=David |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=7 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407151912/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/oct/13/guardian-gagged-parliamentary-question |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alan Rusbridger]] attributed the rapid back-down by Carter-Ruck to postings on [[Twitter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/oct/14/trafigura-fiasco-tears-up-textbook |title=The Trafigura fiasco tears up the textbook |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=14 October 2009 |access-date=25 January 2010 |last=Rusbridger |first=Alan |archive-date=16 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016065630/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/oct/14/trafigura-fiasco-tears-up-textbook |url-status=live}}</ref> as did a [[BBC News Online]] article.<ref>{{cite news |last=Higham |first=Nick |author-link=Nick Higham |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8304908.stm |title=When is a secret not a secret? |date=13 October 2009 |access-date=25 January 2010 |work=BBC News |archive-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121073122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8304908.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Edward Snowden leaks and intervention by the UK government====
In June 2013, the newspaper broke news of the secret collection of [[Verizon]] telephone records held by [[Barack Obama]]'s administration<ref name="reuters.com"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Haughney|first1=Christine|last2=Cohen|first2=Noam|date=11 June 2013|title=Guardian Makes Waves, and Is Ready for More|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/business/guardian-reaps-benefits-from-nsa-scoop.html|access-date=31 December 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111181508/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/business/guardian-reaps-benefits-from-nsa-scoop.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and subsequently revealed the existence of the [[PRISM surveillance program]] after it was leaked to the paper by former [[NSA]] contractor [[Edward Snowden]].<ref name="theguardian.com"/> ''The Guardian'' said a [[DSMA-Notice]] had been sent to editors and journalists on 7 June after the first ''Guardian'' story about the Snowden documents. It said the DSMA-Notice was being used as an "attempt to censor coverage of surveillance tactics employed by intelligence agencies in the UK and US".<ref name="pg190613">{{cite news |last1=Ponsford |first1=Dominic |title=Guardian spying revelations were in breach of DA-Notice guidance |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-spying-revelations-were-in-breach-of-da-notice-guidance/ |access-date=9 November 2021 |work=Press Gazette |date=19 June 2013 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109065555/https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-spying-revelations-were-in-breach-of-da-notice-guidance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The newspaper was subsequently contacted by the British government's Cabinet Secretary, Sir [[Jeremy Heywood]], under instruction from Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister [[Nick Clegg]], who ordered that the hard drives containing the information be destroyed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23776063 |title=Edward Snowden files: No 10 contacted Guardian |work=BBC News |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125055/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23776063 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Guardian''{{'s}} offices were then visited in July 2013 by agents from the UK's [[GCHQ]], who supervised the destruction of the hard drives containing information acquired from Snowden.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/rusbridger-tells-of-hard-drive-destruction-4680075.html |title=Guardian's Alan Rusbridger tells of hard drive destruction | Video |work=Media.theage.com.au |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084018/http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/rusbridger-tells-of-hard-drive-destruction-4680075.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said it had destroyed the hard drives to avoid threatened legal action by the UK government that could have stopped it from reporting on US and British government surveillance contained in the documents.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |title=NSA files: why The Guardian in London destroyed hard drives of leaked files |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/nsa-snowden-files-drives-destroyed-london |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=20 August 2013 |language=en |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204030346/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/nsa-snowden-files-drives-destroyed-london |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2014, ''[[The Register]]'' reported that the information the government sought to suppress by destroying the hard drives related to the location of a "beyond top secret" internet monitoring base in [[Seeb]], Oman, and the close involvement of [[BT Group|BT]] and [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] in intercepting internet communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/06/03/revealed_beyond_top_secret_british_intelligence_middleeast_internet_spy_base |title=Revealed: GCHQ's beyond top secret middle eastern internet spy base |work=The Register |first=Duncan |last=Campbell |author-link=Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1944) |date=3 June 2014 |access-date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625063147/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/06/03/revealed_beyond_top_secret_british_intelligence_middleeast_internet_spy_base/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Julian Assange]] criticised the newspaper for not publishing the entirety of the content when it had the chance.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.twitch.tv/reddit/v/113771480|title=I am Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks – Ask Me Anything|date=10 January 2017|last=Assange|first=Julian|language=en|publisher=Reddit|minutes=68|access-date=15 January 2017|via=Twitch|archive-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114130832/https://www.twitch.tv/reddit/v/113771480|url-status=live}}</ref> Rusbridger had initially covered the Snowden documents without the government's supervision, but subsequently sought it, and established an ongoing relationship with the [[Defence Ministry]]. ''The Guardian'' coverage of Snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the United Kingdom, earning the company's US website, ''[[The Guardian US]],'' an [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|American Pulitzer Prize for Public Service]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Pulitzer Prizes |url=https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112112738/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2014-International-Reporting |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=The Pulitzer Prizes |archive-date=12 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rusbridger and subsequent chief editors would sit on the government's DSMA-Notice board.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aROJDwAAQBAJ&q=d-notice.+the+guardian.+snowden&pg=PA161|title=Journalism in an Age of Terror: Covering and Uncovering the Secret State|last=Lloyd|first=John|date=30 October 2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781786731111|pages=160–165|language=en|access-date=14 November 2020|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121073109/https://books.google.com/books?id=aROJDwAAQBAJ&q=d-notice.+the+guardian.+snowden&pg=PA161|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Treatment of Julian Assange====
''The Guardian'' published the [[United States diplomatic cables leak|US diplomatic cables files]] and the [[Guantanamo Bay files leak|Guantanamo Bay files]] in collaboration with [[Julian Assange]] and [[WikiLeaks]].<ref name="spectator210621">{{cite web |last1=Greenwood |first1=Phoebe |title=Will the right save Julian Assange? |url=https://thespectator.com/topic/will-right-save-julian-assange/ |website=The Spectator World |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=21 June 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207053042/https://thespectator.com/topic/will-right-save-julian-assange/ |archive-date=7 February 2024 }}</ref> When some of the diplomatic cables were made available online in unredacted form, WikiLeaks blamed ''Guardian'' journalists [[David Leigh (journalist)|David Leigh]] and [[Luke Harding]] for publishing the encryption key to the files in their book ''[[WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLeaks password 'leaked by journalists' |url=https://www.9news.com.au/world/us-pondered-poisoning-assange-court-told/919d931e-f6cf-4974-aa8c-6bcfcf9a51a8 |website=9News |publisher=AAP |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=25 February 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222154156/https://www.9news.com.au/world/us-pondered-poisoning-assange-court-told/919d931e-f6cf-4974-aa8c-6bcfcf9a51a8 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Guardian'' blamed Assange for the release of the unredacted cables.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anger as Wikileaks releases all US cables unredacted |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-14765837 |website=BBC News |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=2 September 2011 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109212533/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-14765837 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Journalist [[Glenn Greenwald]], a former contributor to ''The Guardian'', accused ''The Guardian'' of publishing false claims about Assange in a report about an interview Assange gave to Italian newspaper ''[[La Repubblica]]''. ''The Guardian'' article had claimed that Assange had praised [[Donald Trump]] and criticised [[Hillary Clinton]] and also alleged that Assange had "long had a close relationship with the Putin regime". Greenwald wrote: "This article is about how those [''Guardian''{{'s}}] false claims—fabrications, really—were spread all over the internet by journalists, causing hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) to consume false news".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/12/29/the-guardians-summary-of-julian-assanges-interview-went-viral-and-was-completely-false/|title=The Guardian's Summary of Julian Assange's Interview Went Viral and Was Completely False|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|date=29 December 2016|work=[[The Intercept]]|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205141438/https://theintercept.com/2016/12/29/the-guardians-summary-of-julian-assanges-interview-went-viral-and-was-completely-false/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' later amended its article about Assange to remove the claim about his connection to the Russian government.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jacobs|first=Ben|date=24 December 2016|title=Julian Assange gives guarded praise of Trump and blasts Clinton in interview|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/24/julian-assange-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-interview|website=The Guardian|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206171025/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/24/julian-assange-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> While Assange was in the Ecuadorian embassy, ''The Guardian'' published a number of articles pushing the narrative that there was a link between Assange and the Russian government.<ref name="spectator210621"/>

In a November 2018 ''Guardian'' article, Luke Harding and Dan Collyns cited anonymous sources which stated that Donald Trump's former campaign manager [[Paul Manafort]] held secret meetings with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Harding |first1= Luke |last2= Collyns|first2= Dan |date= 27 November 2018 |title= Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/27/manafort-held-secret-talks-with-assange-in-ecuadorian-embassy |newspaper = The Guardian|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181127143814/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/27/manafort-held-secret-talks-with-assange-in-ecuadorian-embassy |archive-date= 27 November 2018 }}</ref> The name of a third author, [[Fernando Villavicencio]], was removed from the online version of the story soon after publication. The title of the story was originally "Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy". A few hours after publication, "sources say" was added to the title, and the meeting became an "apparent meeting".<ref name="lemonde010119">{{cite web |last1=Halimi |first1=Serge |title=The Guardian's fake scoop |url=https://mondediplo.com/2019/01/10guardian |website=Le Monde diplomatique |access-date=9 November 2021 |language=en |date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109041118/https://mondediplo.com/2019/01/10guardian |url-status=live }}</ref> One reporter characterised the story, "If it's right, it might be the biggest get this year. If it's wrong, it might be the biggest gaffe." Manafort and Assange both said they had never met, with the latter threatening legal action against ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{cite news |last= Pompeo |first= Joe |date= 27 November 2018 |title= "It Might Be the Biggest Get This Year": How The Guardian's Bombshell Set Off Its Own Little Media World War |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/11/the-guardian-paul-manafort-julian-assange |newspaper= Vanity Fair |access-date= 16 December 2018 |archive-date= 1 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181201114503/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/11/the-guardian-paul-manafort-julian-assange |url-status= live }}</ref> Ecuador's London consul Fidel Narváez, who had worked at [[Embassy of Ecuador, London|Ecuador's embassy in London]] from 2010 to July 2018, said that Manafort had not visited Assange.<ref name="lemonde010119"/>

[[Serge Halimi]] said Harding had a personal grievance against Assange and stated that Manafort's name does not appear in the Ecuadorian embassy's visitors' book and there were no pictures of Manafort entering or leaving "one of the most surveilled and filmed buildings on the planet".<ref name="lemonde010119"/> ''The Guardian'' has neither retracted nor apologised for the story about the meeting. Stella Moris, Assange's wife, said ''The Guardian'' failed in its responsibility to Assange and its "negligence has created such a problem that if Julian dies or is extradited, that will forever blot the reputation of the ''Guardian''".<ref name="spectator210621"/>

====Joseph Mayton====
In 2016 ''The Guardian'' took down from its website 13 articles written by freelance journalist Joseph Mayton that it believed to include fabricated information, and apologised to its readers and to those people "whose words were misrepresented or falsified".<ref name= "Glendinning">{{Cite news|last=Glendinning|first=Lee|date=26 May 2016|title=A note to our readers about a reporter who breached our trust|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/26/open-door-column-note-to-readers|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref>

====Priti Patel cartoon====
In 2020 ''The Guardian'' was accused of being "racist and misogynistic" after it published a cartoon depicting [[Home Secretary]], [[Priti Patel]] as a cow with a ring in its nose in an alleged reference to her [[Hindu]] faith, since cows are considered sacred in [[Hinduism]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|date=9 March 2020|title=Guardian cartoon of cow in relation to Priti Patel sparks outrage amongst diaspora in Britain|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/guardian-cartoon-of-cow-in-relation-to-priti-patel-sparks-outrage-amongst-diaspora-in-britain/articleshow/74557770.cms|url-status=live|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911224645/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/guardian-cartoon-of-cow-in-relation-to-priti-patel-sparks-outrage-amongst-diaspora-in-britain/articleshow/74557770.cms|archive-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bell|first=Steve|date=4 March 2020|title=Steve Bell on Boris Johnson defending Priti Patel at PMQs – cartoon|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/picture/2020/mar/04/steve-bell-on-boris-johnson-defending-priti-patel-at-pmqs-cartoon|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629090045/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/picture/2020/mar/04/steve-bell-on-boris-johnson-defending-priti-patel-at-pmqs-cartoon|archive-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>

====Alleged WhatsApp backdoor====
After publishing a story on 13 January 2017 claiming that [[WhatsApp]] had a "backdoor [that] allows snooping on messages", more than 70 professional cryptographers signed on to an open letter calling for ''The Guardian'' to retract the article.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 January 2017|title=Security researchers call for Guardian to retract false WhatsApp 'backdoor' story|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/20/security-researchers-call-for-guardian-to-retract-false-whatsapp-backdoor-story/|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610075439/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/20/security-researchers-call-for-guardian-to-retract-false-whatsapp-backdoor-story/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=William|last=Turton|date=13 January 2017|title=There's No Security Backdoor in WhatsApp, Despite Reports|url=https://gizmodo.com/theres-no-security-backdoor-in-whatsapp-despite-report-1791158247|publisher=[[Gizmodo]]|quote=According to [[Alec Muffett]], an experienced security researcher who spoke to Gizmodo, The Guardian's story is "major league fuckwittage".|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606055321/http://gizmodo.com/theres-no-security-backdoor-in-whatsapp-despite-report-1791158247|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 June 2017, readers' editor Paul Chadwick released an article detailing the flawed reporting in the original January article, which was amended to remove references to a backdoor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chadwick|first=Paul|date=28 June 2017|title=Flawed reporting about WhatsApp {{!}} Open door|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/commentisfree/2017/jun/28/flawed-reporting-about-whatsapp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514225529/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/commentisfree/2017/jun/28/flawed-reporting-about-whatsapp|archive-date=14 May 2019|access-date=18 January 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ganguly|first=Manisha|date=13 January 2017|title=WhatsApp design feature means some encrypted messages could be read by third party|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/13/whatsapp-design-feature-encrypted-messages|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628000021/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/13/whatsapp-backdoor-allows-snooping-on-encrypted-messages|archive-date=28 June 2017|access-date=18 January 2018|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

==== Spanish-language edition ====
In January 2021 the Mexican ''La Lista'' [[Web portal]] started publishing content from ''The Guardian'', translated into Spanish, on a three-year licence. The press release announcing this pointed out that ''The Guardian'' often criticised Mexican president [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{Cite press release|date=30 November 2020|title=Contenidos de The Guardian, medio crítico de AMLO, serán difundidos por La Lista en México |url=https://etcetera.com.mx/nacional/guardian-medio-critico-amlo-lista-mexico/ |access-date=29 February 2024 |publisher=etcétera |language=es-MX |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229064914/https://etcetera.com.mx/nacional/guardian-medio-critico-amlo-lista-mexico/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=El punto de vista de The Guardian sobre el príncipe Felipe: un hombre de su tiempo|trans-title=The Guardian's view on Prince Philip: a man of his time| publisher=La Lista | date=9 April 2021 | url=https://la-lista.com/opinion/el-punto-de-vista-de-the-guardian-sobre-el-principe-felipe-un-hombre-de-su-tiempo | language=es}} A typical ''Guardian'' article in ''La Lista''.</ref>

==== 2022 cyber-attack ====
In December 2022 it was reported that ''The Guardian'' had suffered a significant cyber-attack on its office systems, thought to be ransomware.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Waterson |title=Guardian hit by serious IT incident believed to be ransomware attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/dec/21/guardian-hit-by-serious-it-incident-believed-to-be-ransomware-attack |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221132544/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/dec/21/guardian-hit-by-serious-it-incident-believed-to-be-ransomware-attack |archive-date=21 December 2022 |language=English |date=21 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Lindsay |last=Clark |title=UK's Guardian newspaper breaks news of ransomware attack on itself |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/12/21/the_guardian_hit_by_ransomware/ |website=The Register |publisher=Situation Publishing |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221154316/https://www.theregister.com/2022/12/21/the_guardian_hit_by_ransomware/ |archive-date=21 December 2022 |language=English |date=21 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Staff were directed to work from home and were able to continue publishing to the website despite the loss of some internal systems.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Singleton |title=Guardian newspaper hit by suspected ransomware attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-64056300 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221165902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-64056300 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |language=English |date=21 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The print edition also continued to be produced. On 4 January 2023, UK staff were informed of a security breach and that the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] had been notified, as required by GDPR. It was indicated that staff would continue working from home until at least 23 January.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jessica Lyons |last=Hardcastle |title=The Guardian ransomware attack hits week two as staff told to work from home |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/01/04/guardian_ransomware_attack/ |website=The Register |publisher=Situation Publishing |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104200402/https://www.theregister.com/2023/01/04/guardian_ransomware_attack/ |archive-date=4 January 2023 |language=English |date=4 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The newspaper confirmed on 11 January that personal details of all UK staff had been accessed by criminals.<ref>{{cite web |first=Alexander |last=Martin |title=The Guardian confirms criminals accessed staff data in ransomware attack |url=https://therecord.media/the-guardian-confirms-criminals-accessed-staff-data-in-ransomware-attack/ |website=The Record |publisher=Recorded Future News |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111173029/https://therecord.media/the-guardian-confirms-criminals-accessed-staff-data-in-ransomware-attack/ |archive-date=11 January 2023 |language=English |date=11 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Cyprus Confidential ====
{{Main|Cyprus Confidential}}

In November 2023, the ''Guardian'' joined with the [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{ill|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}} and 69 media partners including [[Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) and more than 270 journalists in 55 countries and territories<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence - ICIJ |newspaper=Icij |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> to produce the '[[Cyprus Confidential]]' report on the financial network which supports the regime of [[Vladimir Putin]], mostly with connections to Cyprus, and showed Cyprus to have strong links with high-up figures in the Kremlin, some of whom have been sanctioned.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=www.icij.org |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Government officials including Cyprus president [[Nikos Christodoulides]]<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> and European lawmakers<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> began responding to the investigation's findings in less than 24 hours,<ref name=":72"/> calling for reforms and launching probes.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Solutions |first=BDigital Web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref>

====Quitting X (Twitter)====
On 13 November 2024, a week after [[Donald Trump]] was elected as US president for the second time, ''The Guardian'' announced that it would no longer post content on [[Twitter|X]], due what it perceived as the overwhelming amount of misinformation, far-right conspiracy theories and racism on the social media platform, especially during the latest election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Milmo |first1=Dan |title=Guardian will no longer post on Elon Musk's X from its official accounts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/nov/13/the-guardian-no-longer-post-on-x-twitter-elon-musk |access-date=13 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=13 November 2024}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said that readers would still be able to share articles on the platform and reporters would be able to continue using it for 'news-gathering purposes'.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2024 |title=The Guardian stops posting on Elon Musk's 'toxic' X |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvg48m5j4zjo |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

====Sale of the ''Observer''====
In September 2024, ''The Guardian'' revealed it was in talks to sell ''The Observer'' to news website [[Tortoise Media]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warrington |first1=James |last2=Mawardi |first2=Adam |title=The Guardian in talks to sell The Observer to former BBC News chief |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2024/09/17/the-guardian-accounts-sell-observer-tortoise/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=20 September 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240918090828/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2024/09/17/the-guardian-accounts-sell-observer-tortoise/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |date=17 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Farber |first1=Alex |last2=Cahill |first2=Helen |title=Guardian Media Group in talks to sell The Observer |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/guardian-media-group-in-talks-to-sell-the-observer-jkq9mpq6x |website=[[The Times]] |access-date=20 September 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240918051757/https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/guardian-media-group-in-talks-to-sell-the-observer-jkq9mpq6x |archive-date=18 September 2024 |language=en |date=17 September 2024}}</ref> Journalists at [[Guardian Media Group]] passed a vote to condemn the sale and passed a vote of no confidence in the newspaper's owners, accusing it of betrayal amid concerns that the sale of the paper could harm the financial security of staff members.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cahill |first1=Helen |last2=Farber |first2=Alex |title=Journalists revolt over planned sale of Observer to Tortoise Media |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/journalists-revolt-over-planned-sale-of-observer-to-tortoise-media-6zbf2bt89 |website=The Times |access-date=20 September 2024 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240919165824/https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/journalists-revolt-over-planned-sale-of-observer-to-tortoise-media-6zbf2bt89 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |language=en |date=19 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Warrington |first1=James |title=Guardian staff accuse management of 'betrayal' over Observer sale talks |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2024/09/19/guardian-staff-accuse-management-of-betrayal-over-observer/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=20 September 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240919075850/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2024/09/19/guardian-staff-accuse-management-of-betrayal-over-observer/ |archive-date=19 September 2024 |date=19 September 2024}}</ref> On 6 December 2024, it was announced that, despite 48 hours of strikes by journalists, the ''Observer'' deal with Tortoise was agreed in principle and would go ahead. The agreement included the Trust taking a significant stock position in the purchaser. The final sale price has not been disclosed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2024 |title=Sale of the Observer to Tortoise Media agreed in principle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/dec/06/sale-of-observer-to-tortoise-media-agreed-in-principle |access-date=6 December 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ponsford |first1=Dominic |title=Scott Trust approves sale of The Observer to Tortoise Media |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/nationals/observer-sold-tortoise-media/ |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=Press Gazette |date=6 December 2024}}</ref>

On 18 December 2024, Guardian Media and Tortoise Media closed the sale.<ref name="TortoiseMedia">{{Cite news
| last1 = Rackham
| first1 = Annabel
| title = Observer newspaper sale to Tortoise Media approved
| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89xvjz75l1o
| publisher = [[BBC News]]
| date = 6 December 2024
| access-date = 20 February 2025
}}</ref><ref name=AP2024-12-18>{{cite web |last1=Pylas |first1=Pan |date=18 December 2024 |title=World's oldest Sunday newspaper, the UK's Observer, sold in face of journalistic opposition |url=https://apnews.com/britain-newspaper-guardian-observer-tortoise-media |publisher=[[The Associated Press]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218152203/https://apnews.com/britain-newspaper-guardian-observer-tortoise-media |archive-date=18 December 2024 }}</ref> A new ''Observer'' website was launched on 25 April 2025, and the first print edition under Tortoise appeared on 27 April 2025.

==Ownership and finances==
''The Guardian'' is part of the [[Guardian Media Group]] (GMG) of newspapers, radio stations and print media. GMG components include ''[[The Guardian Weekly]]'' and ''[[TheGuardian.com]]''. All were owned by [[The Scott Trust]], a charitable foundation existing between 1936 and 2008, which aimed to ensure the paper's [[editorial independence]] in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it did not become vulnerable to takeovers by commercial media groups. At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust{{'}}s assets were transferred to a new limited company, The Scott Trust Limited, with the intention being that the original trust would be wound up.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/oct/08/theguardian.theobserver |title=Guardian owner the ''Scott Trust'' to be wound up after 72 years |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=8 October 2008 |access-date=10 October 2008 |last=Conlan |first=Tara |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144252/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/oct/08/theguardian.theobserver |url-status=live }}</ref> Dame [[Liz Forgan]], chair of the Scott Trust, reassured staff that the purposes of the new company remained the same as under the previous arrangements.

[[File:The Guardian Building Window in London.JPG|thumb|''The Guardian''{{'s}} headquarters in London]]

''The Guardian'' is the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental [[audit]] in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/values/socialaudit |title=Living Our Values: Social, Ethical and Environmental Audit 2006 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |access-date=11 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006205919/http://www.theguardian.com/values/socialaudit |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> It is also the only British national daily newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the "readers' editor") to handle complaints and corrections.

''The Guardian'' and its parent groups participate in [[Project Syndicate]] and intervened in 1995 to save the ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'' in South Africa; GMG sold the majority of its shares of the ''Mail & Guardian'' in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coetzee|first=Andre|date=6 August 2014|title=Mail & Guardian {{!}} Print Media|url=https://print.media.co.za/mail-guardian/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=[[Mail & Guardian]]|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108114041/https://print.media.co.za/mail-guardian/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Guardian'' was consistently loss-making until 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/05/want-to-see-what-one-digital-future-for-newspapers-looks-like-look-at-the-guardian-which-isnt-losing-money-anymore/|title=Want to see what one digital future for newspapers looks like? Look at The Guardian, which isn't losing money anymore|website=Nieman Lab|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501173416/https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/05/want-to-see-what-one-digital-future-for-newspapers-looks-like-look-at-the-guardian-which-isnt-losing-money-anymore/|url-status=live}}</ref> The National Newspaper division of GMG, reported operating losses of £49.9 million in 2006, up from £18.6 million in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/gmgplc/media/news/article/article110.html |title=Guardian Media Group 2005/06 results: 28/07/2006: A Landmark Year for GMG |access-date=9 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821180103/http://www.gmgplc.co.uk/gmgplc/media/news/article/article110.html |archive-date=21 August 2006}}</ref> The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group.

The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the ''Guardian Media Group'' caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor ''[[Trinity Mirror]]'' in March 2010. This included the flagship ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'', and severed the historic link between that paper and ''The Guardian''. The sale was to safeguard the future of ''The Guardian'' newspaper as is the intended purpose of the Scott Trust.<ref name="M.E.N sold to Trinity Mirror">{{cite news
|title=Manchester Evening News sold by Guardian Media Group
|publisher=M.E.N. Media
|date=9 February 2010 |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/manchester-evening-news-sold-by-guardian-882685
|access-date=11 February 2010 |work=Manchester Evening News
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719231233/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/manchester-evening-news-sold-by-guardian-882685
|archive-date=19 July 2013 }}</ref>

In June 2011 ''Guardian News and Media'' revealed increased annual losses of £33 million and announced that it was looking to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to contain more comments and features. It was also speculated that ''The Guardian'' might become the first British national daily paper to be fully online.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rayner |first=Gordon |title=Riches to rags as Guardian bleeds £33 million in a year |work=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 June 2011 |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8583220/Riches-to-rags-as-Guardian-bleeds-33m-in-a-year.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8583220/Riches-to-rags-as-Guardian-bleeds-33m-in-a-year.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2011 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Guardian and Observer to adopt 'digital-first' strategy|publisher=Guardian News and Media|date=16 June 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jun/16/guardian-observer-digital-first-strategy?INTCMP=SRCH|access-date=21 October 2011|last=Sabbagh|first=Dan|location=London|work=The Guardian|archive-date=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154658/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jun/16/guardian-observer-digital-first-strategy?INTCMP=SRCH|url-status=live}}</ref>

For the three years up to June 2012, the paper lost £100,000 a day, which prompted ''Intelligent Life'' to question whether ''The Guardian'' could survive.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive |title=Can The Guardian Survive? |publisher=More Intelligent Life |access-date=11 August 2013 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819142430/http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/tim-de-lisle/can-guardian-survive |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Between 2007 and 2014 ''The Guardian Media Group'' sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds, and consolidated into ''The Guardian'' as sole product. The sales let them acquire a capital stock of £838.3 million as of July 2014, supposed to guarantee the independence of the ''Guardian'' in perpetuity. In the first year, the paper made more losses than predicted, and in January 2016 the publishers announced that ''The Guardian'' would cut 20 per cent of staff and costs within the next three years.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jane Martinson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jan/25/guardian-news-media-to-cut-running-costs |title=Guardian News & Media to cut costs by 20 per cent |work=The Guardian |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105243/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jan/25/guardian-news-media-to-cut-running-costs |url-status=live }}</ref> The newspaper is rare in calling for direct contributions "to deliver the independent journalism the world needs."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://support.theguardian.com/us/contribute|title=Support The Guardian|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=3 August 2018|archive-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803070900/https://support.theguardian.com/uk|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Guardian Media Group's 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated significant changes. Its digital (online) editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues by that time; the loss from news and media operations was £18.6 million, 52% lower than during the prior year (2017: £38.9 million). The Group had cut costs by £19.1 million, partly by switching its print edition to the tabloid format. The Guardian Media Group's owner, the Scott Trust Endowment Fund, reported that its value at the time was £1.01 billion (2017: £1.03 billion).<ref>{{cite news |title=Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) results for the financial year ended 1 April 2018 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2018/jul/24/guardian-media-group-plc-gmg-results-for-the-financial-year-ended-1-april-2018 |work=The Guardian |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103051014/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2018/jul/24/guardian-media-group-plc-gmg-results-for-the-financial-year-ended-1-april-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the following financial report (for the year 2018–2019), the group reported a profit ([[EBITDA]]) of £0.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2019/aug/07/guardian-media-group-plc-gmg-publishes-201819-statutory-financial-results|title=Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) publishes 2018/19 statutory financial results|date=7 August 2019|website=The Guardian|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809061605/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2019/aug/07/guardian-media-group-plc-gmg-publishes-201819-statutory-financial-results|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/aug/07/guardian-broke-even-last-year-parent-company-confirms|title=Guardian broke even last year, parent company confirms|first=Jim|last=Watson|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 August 2019|access-date=26 August 2020|via=www.theguardian.com|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809113007/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/aug/07/guardian-broke-even-last-year-parent-company-confirms|url-status=live}}</ref>

To be sustainable, the annual subsidy must fall within the £25 million of interest returned on the investments from the Scott Trust Endowment Fund.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-digital-reader-revenue-climbs-during-pandemic-year-with-half-from-outside-uk/|title=Guardian digital reader revenue climbs during pandemic year with half from outside UK|author=Freddy Mayhew|date=27 July 2021|access-date=10 February 2022|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210195629/https://pressgazette.co.uk/guardian-digital-reader-revenue-climbs-during-pandemic-year-with-half-from-outside-uk/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==="Membership" subscription scheme===
In 2014, ''The Guardian'' launched a membership scheme.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mance |first=Henry |url=https://www.ft.com/content/39ad0574-390d-11e4-9526-00144feabdc0 |title=Guardian launches paid membership scheme |publisher=FT.com |date=10 September 2014 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=3 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103172414/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/39ad0574-390d-11e4-9526-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3g9bCAVkc |url-status=live }}</ref> The scheme aims to reduce the financial losses incurred by ''The Guardian'' without introducing a [[paywall]], thus maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay a monthly subscription, with three tiers available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://membership.theguardian.com/choose-tier|title=Join Choose Tier – The Guardian Members|work=theguardian|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019023901/https://membership.theguardian.com/choose-tier|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2018 this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019.<ref name="guardian-20181112">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2018/nov/12/katharine-viner-guardian-million-reader-funding |title=The Guardian's reader funding model is working. It's inspiring |last=Viner |first=Katharine |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112100156/https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2018/nov/12/katharine-viner-guardian-million-reader-funding |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Foundation funding===
[[File:The Guardian Foundation - Senate House History Day 2019.jpg|thumb|The Guardian Foundation at the Senate House History Day, 2019]]
In 2016, the company established a US-based philanthropic arm to raise money from individuals and organisations including think tanks and corporate foundations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tsang|first=Amie|date=28 August 2017|title=The Guardian Sets Up a Nonprofit to Support Its Journalism|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/business/media/guardian-non-profit-philanthropy.html|access-date=31 December 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014842/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/business/media/guardian-non-profit-philanthropy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The grants are focused by the donors on particular issues. By the following year, the organisation had raised $1 million from the likes of [[Pierre Omidyar]]'s Humanity United, the [[Skoll Foundation]], and the [[Conrad N. Hilton Foundation]] to finance reporting on topics including modern-day slavery and climate change. ''The Guardian'' has stated that it has secured $6 million "in multi-year funding commitments" thus far.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/08/could-the-guardians-quest-for-philanthropic-support-squeeze-out-other-news-nonprofits/|title=Could The Guardian's quest for philanthropic support squeeze out other news nonprofits?|work=Nieman Lab|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807032914/http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/08/could-the-guardians-quest-for-philanthropic-support-squeeze-out-other-news-nonprofits/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The new project developed from funding relationships which the paper already had with the [[Ford Foundation|Ford]], [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller]], and [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/guardian-announces-launch-of-u.s.-nonprofit|title=Guardian Announces Launch of U.S. Nonprofit|last=Center|first=Foundation|work=Philanthropy News Digest (PND)|access-date=6 August 2018|language=en|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807032508/https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/guardian-announces-launch-of-u.s.-nonprofit|url-status=live}}</ref> Gates had given the organisation $5 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2011/08/OPP1034962|title=OPP1034962|website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|language=en|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=9 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809024955/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2011/08/OPP1034962|url-status=live}}</ref> for its Global Development webpage.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schiffrin|first=Anya|date=2015|title=Can We Measure Media Impact? Surveying the Field|url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/can_we_measure_media_impact_surveying_the_field|journal=Stanford Social Innovation Review|location=Warrendale, PA|edition=Fall 2015|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808233940/https://ssir.org/articles/entry/can_we_measure_media_impact_surveying_the_field|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of March 2020, the journal claims to be "the first major global news organisation to institute an outright ban on taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels."<ref>{{cite web | first1 = Jim | last1 = Waterson | url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jan/29/guardian-to-ban-advertising-from-fossil-fuel-firms-climate-crisis | title = Guardian to ban advertising from fossil fuel firms | website = [[TheGuardian.com]] | date = 29 January 2020 | access-date = 11 February 2021 | archive-date = 5 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210305150159/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jan/29/guardian-to-ban-advertising-from-fossil-fuel-firms-climate-crisis | url-status = live }}</ref>

==Political stance and editorial opinion==
Founded by textile traders and merchants, in its early years ''The Guardian'' had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",<ref>[[Frederick Engels|Engels, Frederick]] (1973), ''The Condition of the Working Class in England'', Progress, p. 109.</ref> or in the words of C. P. Scott's son Ted, "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".<ref name="Hunter2003">{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Hunter|title=Malcolm Muggeridge: A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oaEfbtzqEUwC&pg=PA74|year=2003|publisher=Regent College Publishing|isbn=978-1-57383-259-5|page=74|access-date=19 April 2016|archive-date=10 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910063836/https://books.google.com/books?id=oaEfbtzqEUwC&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Associated at first with the [[Little Circle]] and hence with [[classical liberalism]] as expressed by the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]] and later by the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]], its political orientation underwent a decisive change after [[World War II]], leading to a gradual alignment with [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and the [[political left]] in general.

The ''[[Scott Trust]]'' describes one of its "core purposes" to be "to secure the financial and editorial independence of the ''Guardian'' in perpetuity: as a quality national newspaper without party affiliation; remaining faithful to its liberal tradition".<ref name=GST1 /><ref name="Affiliation">{{cite news|title=Political affiliation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/nov/17/political-affiliation-guardian-observer|access-date=19 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=16 November 2008|language=en-GB|archive-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426233726/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/nov/17/political-affiliation-guardian-observer|url-status=live}}</ref> The paper's readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion: a [[MORI]] poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of ''Guardian'' readers were Labour Party voters;<ref name="International Socialism 2003"/> according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of ''Guardian'' readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] voters.<ref name="Ipsos MORI"/> The term "''Guardian'' reader" can be used to imply a stereotype of modern [[social liberalism|liberal]], left-wing or "[[politically correct]]" views.<ref name="Guardian2003158">{{cite web |title=Definition of Guardian Reader |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guardian-reader |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420143416/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guardian-reader |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Collins English Dictionary}}</ref>

Although the paper is often considered to be "linked inextricably" to the Labour Party,<ref name="Affiliation" /> three of ''The Guardian''{{'s}} four leader writers joined the more centrist [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]] on its foundation in 1981. The paper was enthusiastic in its support for [[Tony Blair]] in his successful bid to lead the Labour Party,<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour: the choice for the future|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2 July 1994|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1994/jul/02/labour.uk|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213446/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1994/jul/02/labour.uk|url-status=live}}</ref> and to be elected Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=A political earthquake: The Tory loss is cataclysmic; Labour's win historic|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2 May 1997|author=Leader|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1997/may/02/electionspast.comment|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221012/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1997/may/02/electionspast.comment|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 January 2003, two months before the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], an ''Observer'' Editorial said: "Military intervention in the Middle East holds many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace it may be the only option. ... War with Iraq may yet not come, but, conscious of the potentially terrifying responsibility resting with the British Government, we find ourselves supporting the current commitment to a possible use of force."<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 January 2003|title=Iraq: the case for decisive action|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jan/19/leaders.politics|access-date=18 December 2020|work=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218151946/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jan/19/leaders.politics|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Guardian'', however, opposed the war, along with the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' and ''[[The Independent]]''.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/mar/17/mondaymediasection.Iraqandthemedia| title=They've lost the battle, will they support the war?| newspaper=The Guardian| date=17 March 2003| last1=Greenslade| first1=Roy| access-date=7 April 2018| archive-date=7 April 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183239/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/mar/17/mondaymediasection.Iraqandthemedia| url-status=live}}</ref>

Then ''Guardian'' features editor Ian Katz asserted in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".<ref name="undecidedvoters">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/16/uselections2004.usa2 |title=World writes to undecided voters |access-date=13 July 2008 |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=16 October 2004 |last=Wells |first=Matt |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404065115/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/16/uselections2004.usa2 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, ''Guardian'' columnist [[Jackie Ashley]] said that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre [[libertarians]], greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc.", and that the newspaper was "clearly left of centre and vaguely progressive". She also said that "you can be absolutely certain that come the next general election, ''The Guardian''{{'s}} stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper".<ref name="Guardianistas">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/29/aretheguardianistasrats|title=Are the Guardianistas rats?|access-date=13 July 2008|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=29 April 2008|last=Ashley|first=Jackie|publisher=Guardian News and Media|archive-date=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413130903/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/29/aretheguardianistasrats|url-status=live}}</ref> The paper's comment and opinion pages, though often written by centre-left contributors such as [[Polly Toynbee]], have allowed some space for right-of-centre voices such as [[Sir Max Hastings]] and [[Michael Gove]]. Since an editorial in 2000, ''The Guardian'' has favoured abolition of the British monarchy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/dec/06/monarchy.guardianleaders|title=Magic or not, let in the daylight|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2013|location=London|date=6 December 2000|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510175830/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/dec/06/monarchy.guardianleaders|url-status=live}}</ref> "I write for the ''Guardian''," said Max Hastings in 2005,<ref>{{cite news|title=Smaller size, higher brow? |first=Mark |last=Seddon |work=New Statesman |location=London |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200502210005 |date=21 February 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312023834/http://www.newstatesman.com/200502210005 |archive-date=12 March 2010}}</ref> "because it is read by the new establishment," reflecting the paper's then-growing influence.

In the run-up to the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]], following a meeting of the editorial staff,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/apr/23/election-editorial-comment-guardian|title=The Guardian's election editorial meeting: report|work=The Guardian|date=23 April 2010|last=Seaton|first=Matt|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121710/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/apr/23/election-editorial-comment-guardian|url-status=live}}</ref> the paper declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, due in particular, to the party's stance on [[electoral reform]]. The paper suggested [[tactical voting]] to prevent a Conservative victory, given Britain's [[first-past-the-post]] electoral system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/apr/30/the-liberal-moment-has-come |title=General election 2010: The liberal moment has come |work=The Guardian |date=30 April 2010 |location=London |access-date=25 May 2010 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |author=Editorial |archive-date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215223017/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/apr/30/the-liberal-moment-has-come |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[2015 United Kingdom general election]], the paper switched its support to the Labour Party. The paper argued that Britain needed a new direction and Labour "speaks with more urgency than its rivals on social justice, standing up to predatory capitalism, on investment for growth, on reforming and strengthening the public realm, Britain's place in Europe and international development".<ref name="lab2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/01/guardian-view-britain-needs-new-direction-needs-labour |title=The Guardian view: Britain needs a new direction, Britain needs Labour |work=The Guardian |date=1 May 2015 |location=London |access-date=1 May 2015 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |author=Editorial |archive-date=7 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407091043/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/01/guardian-view-britain-needs-new-direction-needs-labour |url-status=live }}</ref>

Assistant Editor Michael White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, says: "I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and [[Republican Party (United States)|U.S. Republicans]] are more straightforward targets."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2011/mar/09/media-self-censorship-problem-turkey|title=Media self-censorship: not just a problem for Turkey|work=The Guardian|date=9 March 2011|last=White|first=Michael|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510174250/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2011/mar/09/media-self-censorship-problem-turkey|url-status=live}}</ref>

In a 2013 interview for [[NPR]], ''The Guardian''{{'}}s Latin America correspondent [[Rory Carroll]] stated that many editors at ''The Guardian'' believed and continue to believe that they should support [[Hugo Chávez]] "because he was a standard-bearer for the left".<ref name="NPR2013">{{cite news|title='Comandante' Chavez Still Revered By Some, Despite Failings|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/04/10/176706001/comandante-hugo-chavez-still-revered-despite-his-failings|access-date=11 March 2015|agency=[[NPR]]|date=10 April 2013|archive-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401121458/http://www.npr.org/2013/04/10/176706001/comandante-hugo-chavez-still-revered-despite-his-failings|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2015 Labour Party leadership election]], ''The Guardian'' supported Blairite candidate [[Yvette Cooper]] and was critical of left-winger [[Jeremy Corbyn]], the successful candidate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/13/guardian-view-labour-leadership-choice-yvette-cooper-jeremy-corbyn|title=The Guardian view on Labour's choice: Corbyn has shaped the campaign, but Cooper can shape the future|author=Editorial|date=13 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=10 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310061023/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/13/guardian-view-labour-leadership-choice-yvette-cooper-jeremy-corbyn|url-status=live}}</ref> Although the majority of ''Guardian'' columnists were against Corbyn winning, [[Owen Jones]], [[Seumas Milne]], and [[George Monbiot]] wrote supportive articles about him. Despite the critical position of the paper in general, ''The Guardian'' endorsed the Labour Party while Corbyn was its leader in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ng-interactive/2017/jun/02/the-guardian-view-on-our-vote-its-labour|title=The Guardian view on the election: it's Labour|last=Editorial|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 September 2018|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919212931/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ng-interactive/2017/jun/02/the-guardian-view-on-our-vote-its-labour|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]] general elections – although in both cases they endorsed a vote for opposition parties other than Labour, such as the Liberal Democrats and the [[Scottish National Party]] in seats where Labour did not stand a chance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ng-interactive/2019/dec/10/the-guardian-view-on-general-election-2019-a-fleeting-chance-to-stop-boris-johnson-in-his-tracks|title=The Guardian view on general election 2019 A fleeting chance to stop Boris Johnson in his tracks|last=Editorial|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 September 2021|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912225720/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ng-interactive/2019/dec/10/the-guardian-view-on-general-election-2019-a-fleeting-chance-to-stop-boris-johnson-in-his-tracks|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]], ''The Guardian'' endorsed remaining in the EU,<ref>{{cite news |date= 9 May 2016 |title= The Guardian view on the EU debate: David Cameron makes a serious case |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/09/the-guardian-view-on-the-eu-debate-david-cameron-makes-a-serious-case |work= The Guardian |access-date= 22 November 2021 |archive-date= 22 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211122165546/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/09/the-guardian-view-on-the-eu-debate-david-cameron-makes-a-serious-case |url-status= live }}</ref> and in the [[2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|2019 European election]] invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/17/the-guardian-view-on-the-eu-elections-a-chance-to-reshape-our-politics|title=The Guardian view on the EU elections: a chance to reshape our politics|last=Editorial|date=17 May 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 May 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=22 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522193854/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/17/the-guardian-view-on-the-eu-elections-a-chance-to-reshape-our-politics|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2025 ''The Guardian'', in collaboration with the [[University of Cambridge]], implemented a Secure Messaging feature in its mobile app to enable journalistic sources to communicate securely with the newspaper. Messaging is made indistinguishable from other data exchanged with millions of app users, so that not only the content of messages but the fact that messaging is taking place is hidden from investigators, to protect [[whistleblower]] sources who could be endangered if their communication becomes known to authorities.<ref>{{cite news| last=Viner | first=Katharine | title=In a dangerous era for journalism – a powerful new tool to help protect sources |newspaper=The Guardian | date=9 June 2025 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2025/jun/09/in-a-dangerous-era-for-journalism-a-powerful-new-tool-to-help-protect-sources}}</ref> The [[source code]] has been published under the [[Apache License 2.0]], with detailed information on its operation.<ref>{{cite web | last=Size | first=Company | title=CoverDrop: a secure messaging system for newsreader apps|publisher=The Guardian and the Department of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge|via=GitHub | date=1 May 2025 | url=https://github.com/guardian/coverdrop | access-date=9 June 2025}}</ref>

==Circulation and format==
Circulation grew rapidly in the early years. It was 4,700 in 1837 and had grown to 10,300 by 1854.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vann |first1=J. Don |last2=Van Arsdel |first2=Rosemary T. |title=Victorian periodicals: A guide to research |date=1978 |publisher=The Modern Language Association of America |location=New York |page=171 |edition=First}}</ref>

''The Guardian'' had a certified average daily circulation of 204,222 copies in December 2012 — a drop of 11.25 per cent in January 2012 — as compared to sales of 547,465 for ''The Daily Telegraph'', 396,041 for ''The Times'', and 78,082 for ''The Independent''.<ref name="ReferenceA">Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd– abc.org.uk</ref> In March 2013, its average daily circulation had fallen to 193,586, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Durrani |first=Arif |url=http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/article/1173980/newspaper-abcs-guardian-hits-historic-low-february-following-20p-price-hike |title=NEWSPAPER ABCs: Guardian hits historic low in February following 20p price hike – Media news |publisher=Media Week |date=3 August 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=18 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318182222/http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/article/1173980/newspaper-abcs-guardian-hits-historic-low-february-following-20p-price-hike |url-status=live }}</ref> Circulation has continued to decline and stood at 161,091 in December 2016, a decline of 2.98 per cent year-on-year.<ref name="circ">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/print-abc-metro-overtakes-sun-in-uk-weekday-distribution-but-murdoch-title-still-britains-best-selling-paper/|title=Print ABCs: Metro overtakes Sun in UK weekday distribution, but Murdoch title still Britain's best-selling paper|date=15 June 2017|website=Press Gazette|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-date=19 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719014150/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/print-abc-metro-overtakes-sun-in-uk-weekday-distribution-but-murdoch-title-still-britains-best-selling-paper|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2021, the circulation was 105,134; later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.<ref name="circlead" />

===Publication history===
{{more citations needed section|date=March 2016}}

[[File:GuardianNewsroom.jpg|thumb|right|''The Guardian''{{'s}} Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name ''The Manchester Guardian'']]

The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spartacus-educational.com/PRguardian.htm |title=Manchester Guardian |publisher=Spartacus-educational.com |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306192820/http://spartacus-educational.com/PRguardian.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> at which time ''The Guardian'' was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7[[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|d]]; the [[stamp duty]] on newspapers (4d per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836, ''The Guardian'' added a Wednesday edition and with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.

In October 1952, the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Manchester Guardian; biography of a newspaper|last=David.|first=Ayerst|date=1971|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0801406423|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|oclc=149105|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/manchesterguardi0000ayer}}</ref>

Following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, ''[[The Guardian (Anglican newspaper)|The Guardian]]'', in 1951, the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title in 1959, becoming simply ''The Guardian.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Reilly|first=Carole|date=2 July 2020|title='The Magnetic Pull of the Metropolis': The ''Manchester Guardian'', The Provincial Press and Ideas of the North|journal=[[Northern History]]|language=en|volume=57|issue=2|pages=270–290|doi=10.1080/0078172X.2020.1800932|s2cid=225581767|issn=0078-172X|url=https://salford-repository.worktribe.com/output/1355230/the-magnetic-pull-of-the-metropolis-the-manchester-guardian-the-provincial-press-and-ideas-of-the-north|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630235113/http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/57668/3/COReillyNorthernHistoryRevised.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the more downmarket but more profitable ''Manchester Evening News''. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with ''The Times''. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

On 12 February 1988, ''The Guardian'' had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers' ink, it also changed its masthead to a juxtaposition of an [[italic type|italic]] [[Garamond]] "''The''", with a bold [[Helvetica]] "Guardian", that remained in use until the 2005 redesign.

In 1992, ''The Guardian'' relaunched its features section as ''G2'', a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other "quality" broadsheets and ultimately led to the rise of "compact" papers and ''The Guardian''{{'s}} move to the [[Berliner format]]. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet [[price war]] started by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s ''The Times''. In June 1993, ''The Guardian'' bought ''The Observer'' from [[Lonrho]], thus gaining a serious [[Sunday editions|Sunday sister newspaper]] with similar political views.

Its international weekly edition is now titled ''The Guardian Weekly'', though it retained the title ''Manchester Guardian Weekly'' for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including {{Lang|fr|[[Le Monde]]}} and ''[[The Washington Post]]''. ''The Guardian Weekly'' was also linked to a website for expatriates, ''Guardian Abroad'', which was launched in 2007 but had been taken offline by 2012.

===Moving to the Berliner paper format===
[[File:The Guardian 6. 6. 14.jpg|thumb|right|Front page of 6 June 2014 edition in the Berliner format]]
''The Guardian'' is printed in full colour,<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/editors/archives/2005/09/13/tuesdays_morning_conference.html
|title=Tuesday's morning conference
|work=The Guardian
|location=UK
|date=13 September 2007
|access-date=11 February 2007
|archive-date=13 February 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213013501/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/editors/archives/2005/09/13/tuesdays_morning_conference.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the [[Berliner (format)|Berliner]] format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5).

In 2004, ''The Guardian'' announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Brooks|first1=Josh|date=29 June 2004|title=Guardian to switch to Berliner format|url=https://www.printweek.com/news/article/guardian-to-switch-to-berliner-format|access-date=31 December 2020|website=[[PrintWeek]]|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020221847/https://www.printweek.com/news/article/guardian-to-switch-to-berliner-format|url-status=live}}</ref> similar to that used by ''[[Die Tageszeitung]]'' in Germany, ''[[Le Monde]]'' in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by ''The Independent'' and ''[[The Times]]'' to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. On Thursday, 1 September 2005, ''The Guardian'' announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/01/theguardian.pressandpublishing|title=New-look Guardian launches on September 12|work=MediaGuardian|date=1 September 2005|last1=Cozens|first1=Claire|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122134/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/01/theguardian.pressandpublishing|url-status=live}}</ref> Sister Sunday newspaper ''The Observer'' also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006.

The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper's look. On Friday, 9 September 2005, the newspaper unveiled its newly designed front page, which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by [[Mark Porter (designer)|Mark Porter]], the new look includes a new [[Masthead (British publishing)|masthead]] for the newspaper, its first since 1988. A typeface family designed by [[Paul Barnes (designer)|Paul Barnes]] and [[Christian Schwartz]] was created for the new design. With just over 200 fonts, it was described as "one of the most ambitious custom type programs ever commissioned by a newspaper".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Crossgrove|first1=Carl|title=Guardian: review|url=http://typographica.org/typeface-reviews/guardian/|website=Typographica|access-date=11 July 2015|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035002/http://typographica.org/typeface-reviews/guardian/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fontshop2006">{{cite web|url= http://www.fontshop.be/details.php?entry=91|publisher = FontShop Benelux|date= 15 November 2006|author1 = Paul A Barnes|author2 = Christian E Schwartz|title = Does type design matter in newspapers?|access-date = 26 July 2012|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120604144425/http://www.fontshop.be/details.php?entry=91|archive-date = 4 June 2012}}</ref> Among the fonts is [[Guardian Egyptian]], a [[slab serif]] that is used in various weights for both text and headlines, and is central to the redesign.

The switch cost ''Guardian Newspapers'' £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lyall|first=Sarah|date=26 September 2005|title=A tabloid Guardian? Not quite|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/26/business/worldbusiness/a-tabloid-guardian-not-quite.html|access-date=31 December 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104214953/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/26/business/worldbusiness/a-tabloid-guardian-not-quite.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This switch was necessary because, before ''The Guardian''{{'s}} move, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications, as one of the paper's presses was part-owned by ''[[The Daily Telegraph|Telegraph Newspapers]]'' and ''[[The Daily Express|Express Newspapers]]'', contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press was shared with the ''Guardian Media Group's'' north-western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format.

====Reception====
The new format was generally well received by ''Guardian'' readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the ''[[Doonesbury]]'' cartoon strip. The paper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss; within 24 hours the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. ''G2'' supplement editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors' blog saying, "I'm sorry, once again, that I made you—and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments' address—so cross."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/values/socialaudit/story/0%2C%2C1600349%2C00.html |title=''Guardian Reborn'', The Guardian |access-date=5 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212135000/http://www.guardian.co.uk/values/socialaudit/story/0%2C%2C1600349%2C00.html |archive-date=12 February 2007}}. Retrieved on 22 July 2007.</ref> However, some readers were dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section meant coverage of late-finishing evening football matches became less satisfactory in the editions supplied to some parts of the country.

The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6 per cent higher than the figure for December 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/13/abcs.pressandpublishing|title=Telegraph sales hit all-time low|work=MediaGuardian|date=13 January 2006|last1=Cozens|first1=Claire|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121942/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/13/abcs.pressandpublishing|url-status=live}}</ref> However, by December 2012, circulation had dropped to 204,222.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jan/11/guardian-telegraph-financial-times-december-abcs|title=Guardian, Telegraph and FT post modest sales rises in December|date=11 January 2013|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122034/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jan/11/guardian-telegraph-financial-times-december-abcs|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006, the US-based [[Society for News Design]] chose ''The Guardian'' and Polish daily ''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]'' as the world's best-designed newspapers—from among 389 entries from 44 countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/feb/21/theguardian.pressandpublishing |title=Guardian wins design award |date=21 February 2006 |work=MediaGuardian |location=London |last=Busfield |first=Steve |publisher=Guardian News and Media |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121613/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/feb/21/theguardian.pressandpublishing |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Tabloid format since 2018 ===
In June 2017, [[Guardian Media Group]] (GMG) announced that ''The Guardian'' and ''[[The Observer]]'' would relaunch in [[tabloid format]] from early 2018.<ref name="tabloid">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jun/13/guardian-and-observer-to-relaunch-in-tabloid-format|title=''The Guardian'' and ''The Observer'' to relaunch in tabloid format|last=Sweney|first=Mark|date=13 June 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 June 2017|archive-date=18 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118221509/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jun/13/guardian-and-observer-to-relaunch-in-tabloid-format|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' confirmed the launch date for the new format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with ''[[Trinity Mirror]]'' – the publisher of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'', and ''[[Sunday People]]'' – to [[outsource]] printing of ''The Guardian'' and ''The Observer''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2017/jun/13/guardian-journalism-goes-from-strength-to-strength-its-just-our-shape-thats-changing|title=Guardian journalism goes from strength to strength. It's just our shape that's changing|last1=Viner|first1=Katharine|date=13 June 2017|work=The Guardian|last2=Pemsel|first2=David|access-date=9 July 2017|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710143244/https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2017/jun/13/guardian-journalism-goes-from-strength-to-strength-its-just-our-shape-thats-changing|url-status=live}}</ref>

The format change was intended to help cut costs as it allowed the paper to be printed by a wider array of presses, and outsourcing the printing to presses owned by Trinity Mirror was expected to save millions of pounds annually. The move was part of a three-year plan that included cutting 300 jobs in an attempt to reduce losses and break even by 2019.<ref name="tabloid"/><ref name="tabloid-uk">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/business/media/guardian-tabloid-uk.html |title=The Guardian, Britain's Left-Wing News Power, Goes Tabloid |first=Amie |last=Tsang |date=15 January 2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116074115/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/15/business/media/guardian-tabloid-uk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The paper and ink are the same as previously and the font size is fractionally larger.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/29/guardian-redesign-tabloid-readers-response-paul-chadwick|title=Three months on, the tabloid Guardian is still evolving|last=Chadwick|first=Paul|date=29 April 2018|work=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185817/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/29/guardian-redesign-tabloid-readers-response-paul-chadwick|url-status=live}}</ref>

An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions. The editors were working on changing aspects that had caused complaints from readers.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/15/weve-got-the-guardian-masthead-blues-and-were-overjoyed|title=We've got The Guardian masthead blues and we're overjoyed|last=Letters|date=15 July 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=18 January 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195601/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/15/weve-got-the-guardian-masthead-blues-and-were-overjoyed|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Online media==

''The Guardian'' and its former Sunday sibling ''The Observer'' publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/oct/08/comment.comment|title=Editor's week|work=The Guardian|date=8 October 2005|location=London|last=Bell|first=Emily|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122130/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/oct/08/comment.comment|url-status=live}}</ref> As of May 2013, it was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, just ahead of ''[[Mail Online]]'' with 7.6 million unique monthly visitors.<ref name="journalism553108">{{cite web|title=Guardian.co.uk most read newspaper site in UK in March|url=http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/nrs-guardian-co-uk-is-uk-s-top-monthly-news-site/s2/a553108/|first=Alastair|last=Reid|website=www.journalism.co.uk|access-date=17 June 2014|date=30 May 2013|archive-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529024520/http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/nrs-guardian-co-uk-is-uk-s-top-monthly-news-site/s2/a553108/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2011, [[Haymarket Media Group|MediaWeek]] reported that ''The Guardian'' was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world.<ref>{{cite news|work=MediaWeek|date=19 April 2011|title=MailOnline overtakes Huffington Post to become world's no 2|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/46605|publisher=Haymarket|first=Arif|last=Durrani|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513011131/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/46605|archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref> Journalists use an analytics tool called Ophan, built entirely in-house, to measure website data around stories and audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-ophan-offers-bespoke-data-to-inform-content-at-the-guardian/s2/a563349|title=Ophan: Key metrics informing editorial at The Guardian|last=Edge|first=Abigail|date=2 December 2014|website=Journalism.co.uk|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706143706/https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-ophan-offers-bespoke-data-to-inform-content-at-the-guardian/s2/a563349/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the number of online readers had drastically dropped by July 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/529970/uk-online-newspaper-market-by-daily-average-unique-browsers/|title=Average daily audience of online newspaper brands in the United Kingdom (UK) in July 2021|first=Amy|last=Watson|publisher=Statista|date=30 June 2022|accessdate=21 January 2023|archive-date=22 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122175611/https://www.statista.com/statistics/529970/uk-online-newspaper-market-by-daily-average-unique-browsers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Guardian'' launched an [[iOS]] [[mobile app]]lication for its content in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bunz |first=Mercedes |date=14 December 2009 |title=Guardian launches iPhone application |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/dec/14/guardian-launches-iphone-application |work=The Guardian |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014164951/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/dec/14/guardian-launches-iphone-application |url-status=live }}</ref> An [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app followed in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Jon |date=7 September 2011 |title=The Guardian Launches a Powerful, Free Android App |url=https://readwrite.com/2011/09/07/the_guardian_launches_a_powerful_free_android_app/ |publisher=readwrite |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130128/https://readwrite.com/2011/09/07/the_guardian_launches_a_powerful_free_android_app/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> In 2018 the newspaper's apps and mobile website were redesigned to coincide with its relaunch in tabloid format.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=15 January 2018 |title=Guardian launches digital redesign to coincide with launch of new Guardian tabloid newspaper |url=https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-australia-press-office/2018/jan/15/guardian-launches-digital-redesign-to-coincide-with-launch-of-new-guardian-tabloid-newspaper |work=The Guardian |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165008/https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-australia-press-office/2018/jan/15/guardian-launches-digital-redesign-to-coincide-with-launch-of-new-guardian-tabloid-newspaper |url-status=live }}</ref> Secure messaging for whistleblowers was added to the apps in 2025 (see [[#Political stance and editorial opinion|Political stance and editorial opinion]]).

The Comment is Free section includes columns by the paper's journalists and regular commentators, articles from guest writers, and readers' comments and responses to articles. The section includes all the opinion pieces published in the paper itself and many others that only appear online. Censorship is exercised by moderators who can ban  – with no right of appeal –posts that they feel have overstepped the mark. ''The Guardian'' has taken what they call a very "open" stance in delivering news, and have launched an open platform for their content. This allows external developers to easily use ''Guardian'' content in external applications, and even to feed third-party content back into the ''Guardian'' network.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.idioplatform.com/the-guardian-im-impressed/|title=The Guardian: I'm impressed|work=[[idio]]|date=1 June 2010|access-date=26 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116131831/http://www.idioplatform.com/the-guardian-im-impressed/|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' also had a number of talkboards that were noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy until they were closed on 25 February 2011 after settlement of a libel action brought after months of harassment of a Conservative Party activist.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=27 June 2018|title=Corrections and clarifications|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/mar/08/corrections-clarifications|date=8 March 2011|website=The Guardian|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144732/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/mar/08/corrections-clarifications|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/help/insideguardian/2011/feb/28/guardian-unlimited-talkboards|title=Guardian Unlimited Talkboard closure|work=The Guardian|date=28 February 2011|location=London|last=Gibson|first=Janine|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202122022/https://www.theguardian.com/help/insideguardian/2011/feb/28/guardian-unlimited-talkboards|url-status=live}}</ref> They were spoofed in ''The Guardian''{{'s}} own regular humorous Chatroom column in ''G2''. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL that pointed to ''The Guardian''{{'s}} talkboards.

In August 2013, a webshow titled ''Thinkfluencer''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2013/aug/29/thinkfluencer-episode-1-selfies-video |title=#Thinkfluencer episode 1: Selfies – video |work=The Guardian |date=23 August 2013 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095012/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2013/aug/29/thinkfluencer-episode-1-selfies-video |url-status=live }}</ref> was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with [[Arte]].

In 2004 the paper also launched a dating website, Guardian Soulmates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://soulmates.theguardian.com/ |title=Online Dating Site UK |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306120248/https://soulmates.theguardian.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 1 July 2020, Guardian Soulmates was closed down with the explanation: "It hasn't been an easy decision to make, but the online dating world is a very different place to when we first launched online in July 2004. There are so many dating apps now, so many ways to meet people, which are often free and very quick."<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=12 June 2021|date=1 July 2020|url=https://www.theguardian.com/help/insideguardian/2020/jul/01/guardian-soulmates-has-come-to-an-end|title=Guardian Soulmates has come to an end|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822181412/https://soulmates.theguardian.com/blog/dating-locations/dating/should-we-still-use-sexuality-as-a-social-descriptor|url-status=live}}</ref> An American version of the ''Guardian Unlimited'' website titled ''Guardian America'' was intended to win more US-based readers, but was abandoned in October 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/20/419-gnm-axing-guardianamerica-com-shuffling-execs-in-restructure/|title=GNM Axing GuardianAmerica.com, Shuffling Execs In Restructure|last=Andrews|first=Robert|date=20 October 2009|publisher=[[PaidContent]]|access-date=3 March 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624042418/http://paidcontent.org/2009/10/20/419-gnm-axing-guardianamerica-com-shuffling-execs-in-restructure/|archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' launched an [[.onion]] version of its website on the [[Tor (network)|Tor]] network in May 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chauvin |first=Mariot |date=30 May 2022 |title=Guardian launches Tor onion service |url=https://www.theguardian.com/help/insideguardian/2022/may/30/guardian-launches-tor-onion-service |access-date=7 October 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007132803/https://www.theguardian.com/help/insideguardian/2022/may/30/guardian-launches-tor-onion-service |url-status=live }}</ref> with assistance from [[Alec Muffett]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Soul |first1=Jon |last2=Kokkini |first2=Ioanna |date=6 October 2022 |title=How we built the Guardian's Tor Onion service |url=https://www.theguardian.com/info/2022/oct/06/how-we-built-the-guardians-tor-onion-service |access-date=7 October 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006212943/https://www.theguardian.com/info/2022/oct/06/how-we-built-the-guardians-tor-onion-service |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Podcasts===
The paper entered podcasting in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly [[podcast]] series by [[Ricky Gervais]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/dec/08/radio.broadcasting1|title=Gervais to host Radio 2 Christmas show|work=MediaGuardian|date=8 December 2005|last=Deans|first=Jason|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=3 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103004831/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/dec/08/radio.broadcasting1|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2006, Gervais' show topped the [[iTunes]] podcast chart, having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/23/radio.mondaymediasection1|title=Comedy stars and radio DJs top the download charts|work=The Guardian|date=23 January 2006|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121907/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/jan/23/radio.mondaymediasection1|url-status=live}}</ref> and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' as the most downloaded podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/feb/06/radio.newmedia|title=Gervais podcast in the record books|work=MediaGuardian|date=6 February 2006|last=Plunkett|first=John|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=6 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906132518/http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,,1703591,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Guardian'' offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is ''Today in Focus'', a daily news podcast hosted by [[Anushka Asthana]] launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success<ref name="BMA_20190522">{{Cite news | title = Today in Focus: The Guardian's daily news podcast | series = Guardian News & Media | work = Campaign British Publishing Awards | access-date = 3 November 2019 | url = http://www.britishmediaawards.com/finalists/today-in-focus---the-guardians-daily-new/ | date = 22 May 2019 | archive-date = 3 November 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191103214859/https://www.britishmediaawards.com/finalists/today-in-focus---the-guardians-daily-new/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> and became one of the UK's most-downloaded podcasts.<ref name="BMA_20190522"/><ref>{{Cite web| title = Today in Focus on Apple Podcasts| work = Apple Podcasts| access-date = 3 November 2019| url = https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/today-in-focus/id1440133626| archive-date = 3 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191103221245/https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/today-in-focus/id1440133626| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Top 100 UK Podcasts (Apple Podcasts Top Charts)| work = Podcast Insights| access-date = 3 November 2019| date = 17 December 2018| url = https://www.podcastinsights.com/top-uk-podcasts/| archive-date = 3 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191103220355/https://www.podcastinsights.com/top-uk-podcasts/| url-status = live}}</ref>

==GuardianFilms==
In 2003 ''The Guardian'' started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O'Kane. Much of the company's output is documentary made for television – and it has included [[Salam Pax]]'s ''[[Baghdad Blogger]]'' for [[BBC Two]]'s daily flagship ''[[Newsnight]]'', some of which have been shown in compilations by ''[[CNN]] International'', ''Sex on the Streets'' and ''Spiked'', both made for the UK's [[Channel 4]] television.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/guardianfilms |title=Films |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=12 February 2009 |access-date=28 July 2009 |archive-date=30 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730075555/http://www.theguardian.com/news/guardianfilms |url-status=live }}</ref>

GuardianFilms has received several broadcasting awards. In addition to two Amnesty International Media Awards in 2004 and 2005, ''The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax'' won a Royal Television Society Award in 2005. ''Baghdad: A Doctor's Story'' won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film in 2007.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/video/2008/jan/28/a.doctors.story.guardian.films|title=Excerpt from Baghdad: A Doctor's Story|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=25 May 2010|last1=Salih|first1=Omar|last2=Summers|first2=Ben|publisher=Guardian News and Media|date=28 January 2008|archive-date=1 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901102558/http://www.theguardian.com/news/video/2008/jan/28/a.doctors.story.guardian.films|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008 [[Sean Smith (photojournalist and filmmaker)|photojournalist Sean Smith's]] ''Inside the Surge'' won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film – the first time a newspaper has won such an award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2009/aug/18/afghanistan-war-sean-smith|title=On the frontline with British troops in Afghanistan|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=25 May 2010|last1=Smith|first1=Sean|last2=Nzerem|first2=Keme|last3=Ulleri|first3=Giovanni|publisher=Guardian News and Media|date=18 August 2009|archive-date=7 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907044838/http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2009/aug/18/afghanistan-war-sean-smith|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/feb/20/television.iraqandthemedia |title=Guardian film-maker wins Royal Television Society award |work=The Guardian |date=20 February 2008 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204505/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/feb/20/television.iraqandthemedia |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, ''The Guardian''{{'s}} [[Katine]] website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards. Again in 2008, GuardianFilms' undercover video report revealing vote rigging by [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[ZANU–PF]] party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2009/feb/16/guardian-film-awards|title=GuardianFilms Awards|work=The Guardian|date=16 February 2009|location=London|access-date=25 May 2010|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009055757/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2009/feb/16/guardian-film-awards|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References in popular culture==
The paper's nickname ''{{Not a typo|The Grauniad}}'' (sometimes abbreviated as "Graun") originated with the satirical magazine ''[[Private Eye]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/dec/16/society|title=Surely shome mishtake?|work=The Guardian|date=16 December 2000|location=London|last=Sherrin|first=Ned|author-link=Ned Sherrin|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=18 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318175533/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/dec/16/society|url-status=live}}</ref> This [[anagram]] played on ''The Guardian''{{'}}s early reputation for frequent [[typographical error]]s, including misspelling its own name as ''The {{not a typo|Gaurdian}}''.<ref name=Bernhard>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/porcupinepicayun00bern_0 |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/porcupinepicayun00bern_0/page/26 26]–27 |title=Porcupine, Picayune, & Post: how newspapers get their names |first=Jim|last=Bernhard|publisher=University of Missouri Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8262-1748-6|access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref>

The first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, including a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at ''{{not a typo|atction}}'' instead of ''auction''. Fewer typographical errors are seen in the paper since the end of [[hot-metal typesetting]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=(unknown)|journal=[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]]|volume=58 |page=28 |publisher=Congress for Cultural Freedom |year=1982}} This article refers to the paper by the facetious name "''The Grauniad''".</ref> One ''Guardian'' writer, [[Keith Devlin]], suggested that the high number of observed misprints was due more to the quality of the readership than the misprints' greater frequency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prime beef: Mathematical micro-mysteries: Keith Devlin returns to prime time computation|author-link=Keith Devlin|last=Devlin|first=Keith|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=1 March 1984}} Reprinted in {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdZSGb5DqzsC&pg=PA42|page=[https://archive.org/details/allmaththatsfitt0000devl/page/42 42]|title=All the Math That's Fit to Print: Articles from The Guardian|chapter=Prime beef"|first=Keith|last=Devlin|author-link=Keith Devlin|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-88385-515-7|access-date=11 August 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/allmaththatsfitt0000devl/page/42}}</ref> The newspaper was printed in Manchester until 1961 and the fact that the prints sent to London by train were the early, more error-prone, prints may have contributed to this image as well.<ref>Taylor, Geoffrey, ''Changing Faces: A History of The Guardian 1956–1988'', Fourth Estate, 1993.</ref><ref name=Bernhard /> When [[John Cole (journalist)|John Cole]] was appointed news editor by [[Alastair Hetherington]] in 1963, he sharpened the paper's comparatively "amateurish" setup.<ref name="guardian obit">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/nov/08/john-cole|title=John Cole obituary|first=David|last=McKie|work=The Guardian|date=8 November 2013|access-date=8 November 2013|archive-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110073634/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/nov/08/john-cole|url-status=live}}</ref>

Employees of ''The Guardian'' or ''The Observer'' have been depicted in the films ''[[The Fifth Estate (film)|The Fifth Estate]]'' (2013), ''[[Snowden (film)|Snowden]]'' (2016) and ''[[Official Secrets]]'' (2019), while [[Paddy Considine]] played a fictional ''Guardian'' journalist in the film ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]'' (2007).

The term "Guardian reader" is sometimes used to describe a person with [[progressivism|progressive]], left-wing or "[[politically correct]]" views.<ref name="Guardian2003158" />

==Awards==

===Received===
{{update section|date=April 2024}}
''The Guardian'' was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year award in 1998, 2005,<ref name=gazetteroll/> 2010<ref name="Guardian06042011">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/apr/06/press-awards-2011-guardian-newspaper-of-the-year|title=Press Awards 2011: Guardian wins Newspaper of the Year|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2011|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121714/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/apr/06/press-awards-2011-guardian-newspaper-of-the-year|url-status=live}}</ref> and 2013<ref name="award">{{cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2 April 2014 |title=Guardian wins newspaper and website of the year at British press awards |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/apr/02/guardian-observer-glory-press-awards |url-access=registration |access-date=12 June 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612042452/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/apr/02/guardian-observer-glory-press-awards |url-status=live }}</ref> by the [[British Press Awards]], and Front Page of the Year in 2002 ("A declaration of war", 12 September 2001).<ref name="gazetteroll">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=99&navcode=92# |title=British Press Awards: Awards Ceremony – 23rd March 2010: 2010 Winners Announced |access-date=7 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616181807/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=99&navcode=92%23 |archive-date=16 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/20/theguardian.uknews|title=Guardian triumphs at Press Awards|work=The Guardian|date=20 March 2002|last=Wells|first=Matt|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121627/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/mar/20/theguardian.uknews|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the [[Society for News Design]] (2005, 2007, 2013, 2014).<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2011|title=World's Best-Designed™ winners|url=https://www.snd.org/competitions/worlds-best-designed/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Society for News Design - SND|language=en-US|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511105756/https://www.snd.org/competitions/print/worlds-best-designed/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Guardian'' journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including:<ref name=gazetteroll/>
* Reporter of the Year ([[Nick Davies]], 2000;<ref name="British Press Awards: Past winners">{{cite web|title=British Press Awards: Past winners|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=39598|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320035609/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=39598|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date=20 August 2009|work=[[Press Gazette]]}}</ref> [[Paul Lewis (journalist)|Paul Lewis]], 2010;<ref name="gazetteroll2">''[[Press Gazette]]'', [http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=99&navcode=92# Roll of Honour] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616181807/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=99&navcode=92|date=16 June 2011}}, accessed 24 July 2011</ref> Rob Evans & Paul Lewis, 2014);<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tjaardstra|first=Nick|date=3 April 2014|title=Is The Guardian in line for a Pulitzer?|url=https://wan-ifra.org/2014/04/is-the-guardian-in-line-for-a-pulitzer/|website=[[World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers]]|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321125445/https://wan-ifra.org/2014/04/is-the-guardian-in-line-for-a-pulitzer/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Foreign Reporter of the Year ([[James Meek (author)|James Meek]], 2004;<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Meek|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/jamesmeek|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129174321/https://www.theguardian.com/profile/jamesmeek|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ghaith Abdul-Ahad]], 2008);<ref name="pressg08">{{cite web|date=8 April 2008|title=British Press Awards: The full list of winners|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=40813|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217031939/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=40813|archive-date=17 December 2008|access-date=2 January 2009|work=[[Press Gazette]]}}</ref>
* Scoop of the Year ([[Milly Dowler]] phone hacked, 2012)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Urquhart|first=Conal|date=21 March 2012|title=Guardian wins Scoop of the Year at Press awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/21/guardian-scoop-of-the-year-press-awards|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819023231/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/21/guardian-scoop-of-the-year-press-awards|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Young Journalist of the Year ([[Emma Brockes]], 2001;<ref name="BCouncil">[http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/visitingtime_context.pdf "Visiting Time - Context - The Author: Emma Brockes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224225325/http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/visitingtime_context.pdf |date=24 February 2021 }}, British Council</ref> [[Patrick Kingsley (journalist)|Patrick Kingsley]], 2013);<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 April 2014|title=NCTJ alumnus crowned young journalist of the year at Press Awards|url=https://www.nctj.com/latestnews/NCTJ-alumnus-crowned-young-journalist-of-the-year-at-Press-Awards|website=[[National Council for the Training of Journalists]]|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306225212/https://www.nctj.com/latestnews/NCTJ-alumnus-crowned-young-journalist-of-the-year-at-Press-Awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Columnist of the Year ([[Polly Toynbee]], 2007;<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2007|title=79. Polly Toynbee|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/09/mediatop1002007.mondaymediasection76|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321125445/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/09/mediatop1002007.mondaymediasection76|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Charlie Brooker]], 2009);<ref name="pressgazette1">{{cite news|date=1 April 2009|title=British Press Awards 2009: The full list of winners|work=[[Press Gazette]]|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=43456|url-status=dead|access-date=16 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115031713/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=43456|archive-date=15 January 2010}}</ref>
* Critic of the Year ([[Marina O'Loughlin]], 2015);<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Awards Winners 2015|url=http://www.pressawards.org.uk/page-view.php?pagename=winners-2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626062033/http://www.pressawards.org.uk/page-view.php?pagename=winners-2015|archive-date=26 June 2017|access-date=7 August 2016|website=www.pressawards.org.uk}}</ref>
* Feature Writer of the Year ([[Emma Brockes]], 2002;<ref name="BCouncil" /> [[Tanya Gold]], 2009;<ref>{{cite web|title=British Press Awards 2009: The full list of winners|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=43456#|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115031713/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=43456|archive-date=15 January 2010|access-date=3 February 2011|work=[[Press Gazette]]}}</ref> [[Amelia Gentleman]], 2010);<ref name=Guardian06042011/>
* Cartoonist of the Year ([[Steve Bell (cartoonist)|Steve Bell]], 2003);<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knudde|first=Kjell|date=1 January 2021|title=Steve Bell|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bell_steve.htm|website=[[Lambiek]]|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413083459/https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bell_steve.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Political Journalist of the Year ([[Patrick Wintour]], 2006; [[Andrew Sparrow]], 2010);<ref name=Guardian06042011/>
* Science & Health Journalist of the Year (Sarah Boseley, 2016);<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2016|title=Guardian wins five Press Awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2016/apr/12/guardian-wins-five-press-awards|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815005541/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2016/apr/12/guardian-wins-five-press-awards|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Business & Finance Journalist of the Year (Ian Griffiths, 2005;<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2005|title=Business writer award for Guardian|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/16/theguardian.pressandpublishing|access-date=3 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032116/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/16/theguardian.pressandpublishing|url-status=live}}</ref> Simon Goodley, 2014);<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2015|title=Guardian reporter wins Business and Financial reporter of the year at 2014 Press Awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2015/mar/11/guardian-reporter-wins-business-and-financial-reporter-of-the-year-at-2014-press-awards|access-date=3 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104214944/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2015/mar/11/guardian-reporter-wins-business-and-financial-reporter-of-the-year-at-2014-press-awards|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Interviewer of the Year ([[Decca Aitkenhead]], 2008);<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 May 2012|title=Decca Aitkenhead, the Monday interviewer for G2, The Guardian|url=http://www.theguardian.com/student-media-awards-2012/decca-aitkenhead|access-date=3 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213539/https://www.theguardian.com/student-media-awards-2012/decca-aitkenhead|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sports Reporter of the Year ([[David Lacey]], 1997, 2002);<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2003|title=David Lacey named Sports Reporter of the Year|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/mar/20/2|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213553/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/mar/20/2|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sports Photographer of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2003, 2005, 2006,<ref name=":1" /> 2015);<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jenkins|first=Tom|date=27 February 2016|title=Tom Jenkins: Picture Editors' Guild Sports Photographer of the Year – in pictures|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/gallery/2016/feb/27/tom-jenkins-picture-editors-guild-sports-photographer-of-the-year-in-pictures|access-date=3 January 2021|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524234235/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/gallery/2016/feb/27/tom-jenkins-picture-editors-guild-sports-photographer-of-the-year-in-pictures|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Website of the Year (guardian.com/uk, 1999, 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 March 2001|title=Guardian website wins online award |first1=Amy |last1=Vickers |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/mar/12/theguardian.digitalmedia|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104223054/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/mar/12/theguardian.digitalmedia |archive-date= 4 November 2021 }}</ref> 2007,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2013|title=Awards - 2007 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-media-awards-2007|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210607125327/http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-media-awards-2007 |archive-date= 7 June 2021 }}</ref> 2008,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 2013|title=Guardian News & Media awards: 2008|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-and-media-awards-2008|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816144358/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-and-media-awards-2008|url-status=live}}</ref> 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 December 2016|title=Guardian wins Website of The Year Award|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2016/dec/05/guardian-wins-website-of-the-year-award|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213507/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2016/dec/05/guardian-wins-website-of-the-year-award|url-status=live}}</ref> 2020);<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2020|title=Guardian wins 'News Website of the Year' at 2020 newsawards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2020/jun/30/guardian-wins-news-website-of-the-year-at-2020-newsawards|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230142347/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2020/jun/30/guardian-wins-news-website-of-the-year-at-2020-newsawards|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Digital Journalist of the Year (Dan Milmo, 2001;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kiss|first=Jemima|date=10 November 2004|title=Top prize-giver snubs online journalism {{!}} Media news|url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/top-prize-giver-snubs-online-journalism/s2/a51135/|website=[[Journalism.co.uk]]|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224356/https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/top-prize-giver-snubs-online-journalism/s2/a51135/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sean Smith, 2008;<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 2013|title=Guardian News & Media awards: 2008|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-and-media-awards-2008|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816144358/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/guardian-news-and-media-awards-2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Hill, 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 April 2009|title=British Press Awards 2009: full list of winners|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/apr/01/british-press-awards-winners|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614224732/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/apr/01/british-press-awards-winners|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Supplement of the Year (''Guardian's Guides to...'', 2007;<ref>{{Cite web|title=From strength to strength|url=https://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/10/26/9Awards.pdf|website=The Guardian|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307153813/http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/10/26/9Awards.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Weekend Magazine'', 2015)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Denes|first1=Mellisa|last2=Zeldin-O'Neill|first2=Sophie|date=14 December 2019|title=Editing the Weekend magazine: 'It's about warmth, fun, and surprise – as well as the serious stuff'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/membership/2019/dec/14/weekend-magazine-editing-melissa-denes-q-and-a-interview-award|website=The Guardian|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706181622/https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2019/dec/14/weekend-magazine-editing-melissa-denes-q-and-a-interview-award|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Special Supplement of the Year (''World Cup 2010 Guide'', 2010)<ref name="Guardian06042011" />

Other awards include:
* [[Bevins Prize]] for investigative journalism ([[Paul Lewis (journalist)|Paul Lewis]], 2010);<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Lewis|url=https://www.orwellfoundation.com/journalist/paul-lewis/|website=[[The Orwell Foundation]]|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120045210/https://www.orwellfoundation.com/journalist/paul-lewis/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism]] ([[Nick Davies]], 1999; [[Chris McGreal]], 2003; [[Ghaith Abdul-Ahad]], 2005;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Previous Winners|url=http://www.marthagellhorn.com/previouswinners.htm|website=[[Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism]]|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204212114/http://www.marthagellhorn.com/previouswinners.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ian Cobain]], 2009).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dowell|first=Ben|date=20 June 2009|title=Guardian reporter Ian Cobain wins Martha Gellhorn journalism prize|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jun/19/ian-cobain-martha-gellhorn-prize|website=The Guardian|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817230641/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jun/19/ian-cobain-martha-gellhorn-prize|url-status=live}}</ref>

The excellence of ''GUARDIAN'' environmental reporting has been recognised with numerous [[SEAL Awards#Environmental Journalism Awards|SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards]]:
(Damian Carrington, 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2017/oct/02/guardian-wins-at-the-seal-2017-environmental-journalism-awards |title=Guardian wins at the 2017 SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards |work=The Guardian |date=2 October 2017 |access-date=19 December 2023 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216163130/https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2017/oct/02/guardian-wins-at-the-seal-2017-environmental-journalism-awards |url-status=live }}</ref> 2018;<ref name="2018 SEAL Awards">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2018/nov/12/guardian-wins-at-the-2018-seal-awards |title=Guardian wins at the 2018 SEAL Journalism Awards | work=The Guardian | date=12 November 2018 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref> Johnathan Watts, 2018,<ref name="2018 SEAL Awards" /> 2019;<ref name="2019 SEAL Journalism Awards">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2020/feb/14/guardian-wins-at-the-2019-seal-journalism-awards |title=Guardian wins at the 2019 SEAL Journalism Awards | work=The Guardian | date=14 February 2020 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
[[Fiona Harvey]], 2019,<ref name="2019 SEAL Journalism Awards" /> 2020;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sealawards.com/environmental-journalism-award-2020/ | title=Twelve Journalists Recognized as 2020 SEAL Environmental Journalism Award Winners | website=[[SEAL Awards]] | date=17 February 2021 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
George Monbiot, 2017;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2017/oct/02/guardian-wins-at-the-seal-2017-environmental-journalism-awards |title=Guardian wins at the 2017 SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards | work=The Guardian | date=2 October 2017 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
and Richa Syal, 2022).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sealawards.com/twelve-journalists-recognized-as-2022-seal-environmental-journalism-award-winners/ | title=Twelve Journalists Recognized as 2022 SEAL Environmental Journalism Award Winners | website=[[SEAL Awards]] | date=8 February 2023 |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>

The ''Guardian, Observer'' and its journalists have also won numerous accolades at the [[British Sports Journalism Awards]]:
* Sports Writer of the Year ([[Daniel Taylor (journalist)|Daniel Taylor]], 2017)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2018/feb/27/the-guardian-wins-seven-sports-journalists-association-awards|title=The Guardian wins seven Sports Journalists' Association awards|date=27 February 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 January 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Sports News Reporter of the Year ([[David Conn]], 2009, 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2013-british-sports-journalism-awards/|title=2013 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association|language=en-GB|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref>
* Football Journalist of the Year (Daniel Taylor, 2015, 2016, 2017)<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/feb/27/guardian-awards-daniel-taylor-sean-ingle-sja|title=Double honours for Daniel Taylor as The Guardian wins four SJA awards|date=27 February 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 January 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Sports Interviewer of the Year ([[Donald McRae (author)|Donald McRae]], 2009, 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Donald McRae named Interviewer of the Year at SJA sports awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/mar/08/donald-mcrae-sports-interviewer-award|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
* Diarist of the Year (David Hills, 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=McRae|first1=Donald|last2=Conn|first2=David|last3=Hills|first3=David|date=9 March 2010|title=Success for Guardian writers at Sports Journalists' Association awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/09/guardian-sports-journalists-association-awards|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
* Sports Feature Writer of the Year (Donald McRae, 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 February 2018|title=The Guardian wins seven Sports Journalists' Association awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/gnm-press-office/2018/feb/27/the-guardian-wins-seven-sports-journalists-association-awards|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref> 2018)<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 February 2019|title=The Guardian's Donald McRae and Daniel Taylor win major SJA awards again|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/feb/25/the-guardians-donald-mcrae-and-daniel-taylor-win-major-sja-awards|access-date=4 January 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Specialist Correspondent of the Year ([[Sean Ingle]], 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association|url=https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2016-british-sports-journalism-awards/|access-date=4 January 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref> 2017)<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=26 February 2018|title=The Guardian wins seven SJA awards with double honours for Daniel Taylor|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/26/taylor-mcrae-kelner-ingle-sja-awards|access-date=4 January 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* Scoop of the Year (Daniel Taylor 2016;<ref name=":0" /> [[Martha Kelner]] and [[Sean Ingle]], 2017)<ref name=":2" />
* Sports Newspaper of the Year (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|title=2017 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association|url=https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2017-british-sports-journalism-awards/|website=[[Sports Journalists' Association]]}}</ref>
* Sports Website of the Year (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2014-sports-journalism-awards/|title=2014 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association|language=en-GB|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsjournalists.co.uk/sja-journalism-awards/2015-british-sports-journalism-awards/|title=2015 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association|date=22 February 2016 |language=en-GB|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref>
* Sports Journalists' Association Sports Portfolio of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2011)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=The Tom Jenkins Collection - Archives Hub|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb2726-tje|website=[[Jisc]]}}</ref>

The ''guardian.co.uk'' website won the Best Newspaper category three years running in 2005, 2006 and 2007 [[Webby Award]]s, beating (in 2005) ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''The Washington Post'', ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php#webby_entry_newspaper |title=The Webby Awards |access-date=24 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408222105/http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php |archive-date= 8 April 2011}}</ref> It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Press Awards for Best Electronic Daily Newspaper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newspaperawards.co.uk/default.htm |title=The 2006 Newspaper Awards |access-date=29 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040203030108/http://www.newspaperawards.co.uk/default.htm |archive-date=3 February 2004 }}</ref> The site won an ''[[Editor & Publisher|Eppy]]'' award from the US-based magazine ''Editor & Publisher'' in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2000.html |title=2000 Winners |access-date=28 July 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026212145/http://royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2000.html |archive-date=26 October 2005}}</ref>

In 2007, the newspaper was ranked first in a study on transparency that analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, which was conducted by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda of the [[University of Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icmpa.umd.edu/pages/studies/transparency/main.html |title=Openness & Accountability: A Study of Transparency in Global Media Outlets |access-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515174519/http://www.icmpa.umd.edu/pages/studies/transparency/main.html |archive-date=15 May 2008}}</ref> It scored 3.8 out of a possible 4.0.

''The Guardian US'' and ''The Washington Post'' shared the 2014 [[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|Pulitzer Prize for public service reporting]] for their coverage of the worldwide electronic surveillance program of the NSA and GCHQ, and the document leaks by whistleblower Edward Snowden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2014|title=2014 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes|access-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824164612/https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2014}}</ref>

===Given===
''The Guardian'' is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The ''[[Guardian First Book Award]]'', established in 1999 as a successor to the ''[[Guardian Fiction Award]]'', which had run since 1965, and the ''[[Guardian Children's Fiction Prize]]'', founded in 1967. In recent years the newspaper has also sponsored the [[Hay Festival]] in [[Hay-on-Wye]].

The annual [[Guardian Student Media Awards]], founded in 1999, recognise excellence in journalism and design of British university and college [[student newspapers]], magazines and websites.

In memory of [[Paul Foot (journalist)|Paul Foot]], who died in 2004, ''The Guardian'' and ''Private Eye'' jointly set up the [[Paul Foot Award]], with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative or campaigning journalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.midaspr.co.uk/press_office.asp?CatID=22 |title=The Paul Foot award for Campaigning Journalism 2007 |access-date=16 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055234/http://www.midaspr.co.uk/press_office.asp?CatID=22 |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>

The newspaper produces [[The Guardian 100 Best Footballers In The World|''The Guardian'' 100 Best Footballers in the World]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive|website=The Guardian|access-date=9 January 2018|date=19 December 2017|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910233958/https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2018 it has also co-produced the female equivalent, [[The 100 Best Female Footballers in the World]].

In 2016, ''The Guardian'' began awarding an annual [[The Guardian Footballer of the Year|Footballer of the Year]] award, given to a footballer regardless of gender "who has done something truly remarkable, whether by overcoming adversity, helping others or setting a sporting example by acting with exceptional honesty."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bandini |first1=Nicky |title=The Guardian's inaugural Footballer of the Year: Cagliari's Fabio Pisacane |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2016/dec/29/fabio-pisacane-guardian-footballer-of-year-award |access-date=30 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=29 December 2016 |archive-date=8 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708203122/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2016/dec/29/fabio-pisacane-guardian-footballer-of-year-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Best books lists ===
* [[The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English|''The Guardian'''s 100 best novels]] is a [[list]] of the best English-language novels as selected by [[Robert McCrum]].
* ''The Guardian'''s 100 greatest non-fiction book list has come out in 2011<ref name="100 Best Nonfiction 2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jun/14/100-greatest-non-fiction-books?INTCMP=SRCH |title=The 100 greatest non-fiction books |date=14 June 2011 |website=The Guardian |access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Guardian+100+Greatest+Non-Fiction |title=Guardian 100 Greatest Non-Fiction Book awards |website=[[LibraryThing]] |access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref> and in 2017, as selected by Robert McCrum.<ref name="100 Best Nonfiction 2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/series/100-best-nonfiction-books-of-all-time |title=100 Best Nonfiction Books of All Time |last= McCrum |first=Robert |date=2017 |website=The Guardian |access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>

==Editors==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!#!!Name!!Term!!Notes
|-
| 1
| [[John Edward Taylor]]
| 1821–1844
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2
| [[Jeremiah Garnett]]
| 1844–1861
| Served jointly with Russell Scott Taylor from 1847 to 1848
|-
| Russell Scott Taylor
| 1847–1848
| Served jointly with Jeremiah Garnett
|-
| 4
| Edward Taylor
| 1861–1872
|
|-
| 5
| [[Charles Prestwich Scott]]
| 1872–1929
|
|-
| 6
| [[Edward Taylor Scott|Ted Scott]]
| 1929–1932
|
|-
| 7
| [[William Percival Crozier]]
| 1932–1944
|
|-
| 8
| [[Alfred Powell Wadsworth]]
| 1944–1956
|
|-
| 9
| [[Alastair Hetherington]]
| 1956–1975
|
|-
| 10
| [[Peter Preston]]
| 1975–1995
|
|-
| 11
| [[Alan Rusbridger]]
| 1995–2015
|
|-
| 12
| [[Katharine Viner]]
| 2015–present
|
|}

==Notable regular contributors (past and present)==


Columnists and journalists:
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
* [[David Aaronovitch]]
* [[James Agate]]
* [[Ian Aitken (journalist)|Ian Aitken]]
* [[Decca Aitkenhead]]
* [[Brian Aldiss]]
* [[Tariq Ali]]
* [[John Galbraith Graham|Araucaria]]
* [[John Arlott]]
* [[Claire Armitstead]]
* [[Mark Arnold-Forster]]
* [[Jackie Ashley]]
* [[Dilpazier Aslam]]
* [[Harriet Baber]]
* [[Nancy Banks-Smith]]
* [[Leonard Barden]]
* [[Laura Barton]]
* [[Catherine Bennett (journalist)|Catherine Bennett]]
* [[Marcel Berlins]]
* [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]]
*[[Ian Black (journalist)|Ian Black]]<ref name="Cashman-2023">{{Cite web |last=Cashman |first=Greer Fay |date=23 January 2023 |title=Ian Black, respected Jewish journalist and Middle East expert, dies at 69 |url=https://www.jpost.com/j-spot/article-729349 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Heston Blumenthal]]
* [[Sidney Blumenthal]]
* [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]]
* [[Frankie Boyle]]
* [[Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)|Mark Boyle]]
* [[Lloyd Bradley]]
* [[Russell Brand]]
* [[Emma Brockes]]
* [[Charlie Brooker]]
* [[Thom Brooks]]
* [[Guy Browning]]
* [[Alex Brummer]]
* [[Inayat Bunglawala]]
* [[Madeleine Bunting]]
* [[Julie Burchill]]
* [[Simon Callow]]
* [[James Cameron (journalist)|James Cameron]]
* [[Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1944)|Duncan Campbell]]
* [[Neville Cardus]]
* [[Alexander Chancellor]]
* [[Kira Cochrane]]
* [[Mark Cocker]]
* [[Alistair Cooke]]
* [[G. D. H. Cole]]
* [[John Cole (journalist)|John Cole]]
* [[Rosalind Coward]]
* [[Gavyn Davies]]
* [[Robin Denselow]]
* [[Beth Ditto]]
* [[Tim Dowling]]
* [[Terry Eagleton]]
* [[Larry Elliott]]
* [[Matthew Engel]]
* [[Edzard Ernst]]
* [[Harold Evans]]
* [[Evelyn Flinders]]
* [[Paul Foot (journalist)|Paul Foot]]
* [[Liz Forgan]]
* [[Brian J. Ford]]
* [[John Fordham (jazz critic)|John Fordham]]
* [[Dawn Foster]]
* [[Nigel Fountain]]
* [[Ebenezer Fox]]
* [[Michael Frayn]]
* [[Jonathan Freedland]]
* [[Hadley Freeman]]
* [[Timothy Garton Ash]]
* [[Tanya Gold]]
* [[Ben Goldacre]]
* [[Victor Gollancz]]
* [[Richard Gott]]
* [[A. C. Grayling]]
* [[Roy Greenslade]]
* [[Germaine Greer]]
* [[A. Harry Griffin]]
* [[Ben Hammersley]]
* [[Clifford Harper]]
* [[Mehdi Hasan]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2024 |title=Guardian US announces Mehdi Hasan as new regular columnist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-us-press-office/2024/feb/21/guardian-us-announces-mehdi-hasan-as-new-regular-columnist |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
* [[Max Hastings]]
* [[Roy Hattersley]]
* [[David Hencke]]
* [[Georgina Henry]]
* [[Isabel Hilton]]
* [[L. T. Hobhouse]]
* [[J. A. Hobson]]
* [[Tom Hodgkinson]]
* [[Will Hodgkinson]]
* [[Simon Hoggart]]
* [[Stewart Holden]]
* [[Clare Hollingworth]]
* [[Will Hutton]]
* [[Marina Hyde]]
* [[C. L. R. James]]
* [[Erwin James]] (pseudonym)
* [[Waldemar Januszczak]]
* [[Simon Jenkins]]
* [[Stanley Johnson (writer)|Stanley Johnson]]
* [[Owen Jones]]
* [[Alex Kapranos]]
* [[Saeed Kamali Dehghan]]
* [[Victor Keegan]]
* [[Martin Kelner]]
* [[Emma Kennedy]]
* [[Maev Kennedy]]
* [[Martin Kettle]]
* [[Arthur Koestler]]
* [[Aleks Krotoski]]
* [[David Lacey]]
* [[Mark Lawson]]
* [[David Leigh (journalist)|David Leigh]]
* [[Rod Liddle]]
* [[Sue Limb]] (as ''Dulcie Domum'')
* [[Maureen Lipman]]
* [[Joris Luyendijk]]
* [[John Maddox]]
* [[Derek Malcolm]]
* [[Dan McDougall]]
* [[Johnjoe McFadden]]
* [[Melanie McFadyean]]
* [[Neil McIntosh (journalist)|Neil McIntosh]]
* [[David McKie]]
* [[Gareth McLean]]
* [[Ian Mayes]]
* [[Anna Minton]]
* [[David Mitchell (comedian)|David Mitchell]]
* [[George Monbiot]]
* [[C. E. Montague]]
* [[Suzanne Moore]]
* [[Malcolm Muggeridge]]
* [[James Naughtie]]
* [[Richard Norton-Taylor]]
* [[Maggie O'Kane]]
* [[Susie Orbach]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/susie_orbach/profile.html/ |title=Comment, opinion and discussion from The Guardian US |publisher=Commentisfree.guardian.co.uk |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410235820/http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/susie_orbach/profile.html/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Greg Palast]]
* [[David Pallister]]
* [[Michael Parkinson]]
* '[[Salam Pax]]'
* [[Jim Perrin]]
* [[Melanie Phillips]]
* [[Helen Pidd]]
* [[John Pilger]]
* [[Anna Politkovskaya]]
* [[Peter Preston]]
* [[Tim Radford]]
* [[Arthur Ransome]]
* [[Adam Raphael]]
* [[Andrew Rawnsley]]
* [[Brian Redhead]]
* [[James H Reeve]]
* [[Gillian Reynolds]]
* [[Simon Rogers (journalist)|Simon Rogers]]
* [[Jon Ronson]]
* [[Rhik Samadder]]
* [[Ash Sarkar]]
* [[Jack Schofield (journalist)|Jack Schofield]]
* [[Mike Selvey]]
* [[Norman Shrapnel]]
* [[Frank Sidebottom]]
* [[Posy Simmonds]]
* [[Howard Spring]]
* [[Jean Stead]]
* [[David Steel]]
* [[Jonathan Steele (journalist)|Jonathan Steele]]
* [[Mary Stott]]
* [[Allegra Stratton]]
* [[John Sutherland (author)|John Sutherland]]
* [[R. H. Tawney]]
* [[A. J. P. Taylor]]
* [[Simon Tisdall]]
* [[Arnold J. Toynbee|Arnold Toynbee]]
* [[Polly Toynbee]]
* [[Jill Tweedie]]
* [[Bibi van der Zee]]
* [[F. A. Voigt]]
* [[Ed Vulliamy]]
* [[Hilary Wainwright]]
* [[Martin Walker (reporter)|Martin Walker]]
* [[Hank Wangford]]
* [[Jim Waterson]]
* [[Jonathan Watts]]
* [[Francis Wheen]]
* [[Brian Whitaker]]
* [[Estelle White]]
* [[Michael White (journalist)|Michael White]]
* [[Ann Widdecombe]]
* [[Martyn Huw Williams]]
* [[Zoe Williams (writer)|Zoe Williams]]
* [[Ted Wragg]]
* [[Hugo Young]]
* [[Gary Younge]]
* [[Xue Xinran]]
* [[Tony Zappone]]
* [[Jack Massarik]]
* [[Slavoj Žižek]]
* [[Victor Zorza]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/guardian_index_1842-1985/Publishers-Note.aspx/ |title=The Guardian Index |access-date=22 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118161641/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/guardian_index_1842-1985/Publishers-Note.aspx/ |archive-date=18 November 2007}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

Cartoonists:
* [[David Austin (cartoonist)|David Austin]]
* [[Steve Bell (cartoonist)|Steve Bell]]
* [[Joe Berger (illustrator)|Joe Berger]]
* [[Berke Breathed]]
* [[Biff (cartoon)|Biff]]
* [[Peter Clarke (cartoonist)|Peter Clarke]]
* [[Les Gibbard]]
* [[John Kent (cartoonist)|John Kent]]
* [[Jamie Lenman]]
* [[David Low (cartoonist)|David Low]]
* [[Martin Rowson]]
* [[Posy Simmonds]]
* [[Garry Trudeau]]

Satirists:
* [[John Crace (writer)|John Crace]]
* [[Jeremy Hardy]]
* [[Armando Iannucci]]
* [[Terry Jones]]
* [[Craig Brown (satirist)|Craig Brown]] as "Bel Littlejohn"
* [[John O'Farrell (author)|John O'Farrell]]
* [[Mark Steel]]

Experts:
* [[Tim Atkin]]
* [[Matthew Fort]]
* [[Malcolm Gluck]]
* [[Tim Hayward]]
* [[Fiona Beckett]]

Photographers and picture editors:
* Herbert Walter Doughty (''The Manchester Guardian''{{'s}} first photographer, July 1908)
* [[Eamonn McCabe]]
* [[Sean Smith (photojournalist and filmmaker)|Sean Smith]]

==Guardian News and Media archive==
{{more citations needed section|date=March 2016}}

''The Guardian'' and its then-sister newspaper ''The Observer'' opened The Newsroom, an archive and visitor centre in London, in 2002. The centre preserved and promoted the histories and values of the newspapers through its archive, educational programmes and exhibitions. The Newsroom's activities were all transferred to [[Kings Place]] in 2008.<ref name="test">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/interactive/guardian-interactive-timeline |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Lisa |last=Villani |title=MIC: GNM archive (microsite) |date=20 August 2009}}</ref> Now known as The Guardian News & Media archive, the archive preserves and promotes the histories and values of ''The Guardian'' and ''The Observer'' newspapers by collecting and making accessible material that provides an accurate and comprehensive history of the papers. The archive holds official records of ''The Guardian'' and ''The Observer'', and also seeks to acquire material from individuals who have been associated with the papers. As well as corporate records, the archive holds correspondence, diaries, notebooks, original cartoons and photographs belonging to staff of the papers.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/gnm-archive/archive-collections |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=MIC: GNM archive (microsite) |date=26 August 2009}}</ref> This material may be consulted by members of the public by prior appointment. An extensive ''Manchester Guardian'' archive also exists at the University of Manchester's [[John Rylands University Library]], and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. Additionally, the [[British Library]] has a large archive of ''The Manchester Guardian'' available in its British Library Newspapers collection, in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM formats.

In November 2007, ''The Guardian'' and ''The Observer'' made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2003 for ''The Guardian'' and 1791 to 2003 for ''The Observer'': <ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-11-15 |title=How to access past articles from the Guardian and Observer archive |url=https://www.theguardian.com/info/2017/jun/26/how-to-access-guardian-and-observer-digital-archive |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

The Newsroom's other components were also transferred to Kings Place in 2008. ''The Guardian''{{'s}} Education Centre provides a range of educational programmes for students and adults. ''The Guardian''{{'s}} exhibition space was also moved to Kings Place, and has a rolling programme of exhibitions that investigate and reflect upon aspects of news and newspapers and the role of journalism. This programme often draws on the archive collections held in the GNM archive.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Journalism|United Kingdom}}
* ''[[Guardian Monthly]]''
* ''[[The Guardian Weekly]]''
* ''[[George Chidi]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|last=Ayerst|first=David|url=https://archive.org/details/manchesterguardi0000ayer5|url-access=registration|title=The Manchester Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper|year=1971|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|isbn=0-8014-0642-0|oclc=149105}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hetherington|first=Alastair|author-link=Alastair Hetherington|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0701125527|url-access=registration|title=Guardian Years|date=1981|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|isbn=0-7011-2552-7|location=London|oclc=8358459}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Merrill|first1=John Calhoun|author-link1=John C. Merrill|last2=Fisher|first2=Harold A.|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsgreatdaili0000merr|url-access=registration|title=The World's Great Dailies: Profiles of Fifty Newspapers|isbn=0-8038-8095-2|publisher=Hastings House|oclc=5286129|pages=[[iarchive:worldsgreatdaili0000merr/page/143/mode/1up|143–150]]|year=1980}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mills|first=William Haslam|url=https://archive.org/details/manchesterguard00mill|title=The Manchester Guardian: A Century of History|date=1921|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]|location=London|language=en|oclc=1049642959}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|The Guardian (newspaper)}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource|The Manchester Guardian|''The Manchester Guardian''}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Newseum front page|UK_TG}}
* {{OpenCorp|The Guardian|Guardian Media}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=The Guardian |dname=''The Guardian'' |sopt=t}} (historic)
* {{Librivox author |id=9021|title=''The Guardian''}}

{{Navboxes|list =
{{Guardian Media Group}}
{{Media in the United Kingdom|newsmag}}
{{White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room Seating Chart}}
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}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Guardian, The}}
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Deewangee

2026-03-24T06:46:10Z

MohammadMullen: quick update

{{Short description|2002 film by Anees Bazmee}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Deewangee
| image = Deewangee.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Anees Bazmee]]
| producer = Nitin Manmohan
| writer = {{ubl|Anees Bazmee|Neeraj Pathak|Humayum Mirza}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Ajay Devgn]] [[Akshaye Khanna]] [[Urmila Matondkar]]
| music = [[Ismail Darbar]]
| cinematography = Pushan Kripalani
| editing = Ashfaq-Sarvar
| studio = Neha Arts
| released = {{film date|df=y|2002|10|25}}
| runtime = 169 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}90 million<ref name="BOI budget gross">{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=599|title=Deewangee - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}220 million<ref name="BOI budget gross" />
}}

'''''Deewangee''''' ({{Translation|Madness}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[psychological thriller film]] directed by [[Anees Bazmee]] and produced by Nitin Manmohan. The film stars [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], and [[Urmila Matondkar]]. The music was composed by [[Ismail Darbar]], with lyrics by Salim Bijnori and Nusrat Badr. This was Devgn's first negative role for which he won the [[Filmfare Best Villain Award|Filmfare Award for Best Villain]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood-review-deewangee/articleshow/26388098.cms | title=Bollywood review: Deewangee | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 October 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/deewangee-2/critic-review/deewangee-2-movie-review/ | title=Deewangee Review 2.5/5 | Deewangee Movie Review | Deewangee 2002 Public Review | Film Review | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=25 October 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/25dee.htm|title=rediff.com: Movies: The Rediff Review: Deewangee|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

It is inspired<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/oct/21anees.htm|title=Movies: The Anees Bazmee Interview|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=21 October 2002|quote=Is Deewangee adapted from Primal Fear? No, it is not. I was inspired by Primal Fear.}}</ref> and has its first half adapted from [[Primal Fear (film)|''Primal Fear'']] (1996) by [[Gregory Hoblit]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/dec/28sd4.htm|title=Movies: Hollywood's Hindi Clones|website=[[Rediff.com]]|quote=The first half of Deewangee was a frame-by-frame remake of Primal Fear featuring Devgan as a schizophrenic murder suspect and Akshaye Khanna as his shrewd lawyer.}}</ref> which was itself based on [[William Diehl]]'s novel of the [[Primal Fear (novel)|same name]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=India Today |magazine=[[India Today International]] |date=2002 |publisher=[[Living Media|Living Media International Limited]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHQMAQAAMAAJ |page=42 |issue=26–34 |volume=1 |language=en}}</ref> Released on 25 October 2002, the film was a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=599|title=Deewangee - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Kadhal Kirukkan]]'' in 2003 and in Telugu as ''[[Aadi Lakshmi]]'' in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 December 2003 |title=Kadhal Kirukkan |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/12/19/stories/2003121901710300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040703082512/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/12/19/stories/2003121901710300.htm |archive-date=3 July 2004 |access-date=19 October 2011 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Adi Lakshmi Review |url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/adi-lakshmi/telugu/adi-lakshmi-movie-reviews-1972-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131034215/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/adi-lakshmi/telugu/adi-lakshmi-movie-reviews-1972-2.html |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Full Hyderabad}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Raj Goyal ([[Akshaye Khanna]]), a young and successful criminal lawyer, famous for never having lost a case, is introduced to popular singer Sargam ([[Urmila Matondkar]]) by music magnate Ashwin Mehta ([[Vijayendra Ghatge]]). The following day, Ashwin is brutally murdered in his own house. The murderer, Tarang Bharadwaj ([[Ajay Devgn]]), who is Sargam's childhood friend and music mentor, is caught red-handed at the crime scene. He claims he is innocent, and Sargam, who believes in Tarang's innocence, approaches Raj to defend him, to which he agrees after meeting Tarang.

Realising Tarang has a mental illness, Raj hires a psychiatrist ([[Seema Biswas]]) to study his case. The psychiatrist finds out that Tarang has [[dissociative identity disorder]], and his other personality goes by the name of Ranjeet. Meanwhile, Raj and Sargam grow closer due to their frequent meetings and eventually fall in love.

Raj speaks to Ranjeet, who is the complete opposite of the innocent and simple Tarang. Ranjeet admits to killing Ashwin, who had tried to molest Sargam at the party. Ranjeet sees Tarang as his friend, who in turn considers Sargam his wife. Bringing his split personality to the court, Raj is able to win the case and free Tarang.

Right after Tarang is acquitted, Raj finds out that the split personality disorder was an act put up by Tarang to get out of jail. Tarang then tells him to stay away from Sargam. Raj tries to reopen the case in order to protect Sargam but fails, and Tarang is moved to a [[Psychiatric hospital|mental hospital]] for treatment. Raj extends Tarang's stay in the mental hospital by proving that he is sick and needs further treatment, but Tarang wriggles out of Raj's attempt and is released. Raj appoints personal security for Sargam to ensure her safety, while Tarang relentlessly tries to reach her, during which he seriously injures Yana, Sargam's assistant.

Raj says that they can trap Tarang with Sargam performing a show and Tarang coming there. But Tarang kidnaps Sargam and takes her to an old fort where he has booked a vehicle to go abroad. Sargam secretly gives her location to Raj. Sargam, while trying to escape, tells Tarang that she loves Raj, to which Tarang responds by saying that then he has to kill Raj. Soon Raj arrives, and a fight ensues, which ends with Sargam overpowering Tarang and pushing him into a nearby river.

The next morning, the police are unsuccessful in finding his body. The film ends with Sargam and Raj, now married, enjoying a vacation, and they hear someone sing one of Tarang's songs. Raj believes it cannot be Tarang, and because the song is so popular, anyone can sing it. However a person is seen on a faraway bridge walking with crutches, seeming to be Tarang.

== Cast ==
*[[Ajay Devgan]] as Tarang Bharadwaj / Ranjeet
*[[Akshaye Khanna]] as Advocate Raj Goyal
*[[Urmila Matondkar]] as Sargam
*[[Vijayendra Ghatge]] as Ashwin Mehta
*[[Suresh Oberoi]] as Advocate Mr. Bhullar
*[[Nirmal Pandey]] as Abhijeet Mehta, Ashwin's brother
*[[Farida Jalal]] as Mrs. Goyal, Raj's mother.
*[[Seema Biswas]] as the psychiatrist Sarla
*[[Suhasini Mulay]] as the judge
*[[Tiku Talsania]] as Narayan Goyal, Raj's uncle
*[[Tannaz Irani]] as Yana
*[[Mohan Kapur]] as Vikrant Kapoor
*[[Nishigandha Wad]] as Dhristi, Ashwin Mehta's wife
*Rana Jung Bahadur as Police Officer Ashish Singh

== Music ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Deewangee
| type = [[Album]]
| artist = [[Ismail Darbar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 14 September 2002
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Ismail Darbar]]
| prev_title = [[Shakti - The Power]]
| prev_year = 2002
| next_title = Baaz
| next_year = 2003
}}

The soundtrack of the film contains 11 songs and was released on 14 September 2002.<ref name="Apple Music">{{cite web |title=Deewangee (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Ismail Darbar |website=Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/deewangee-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1120882980 |access-date=August 9, 2023}}</ref> The music is conducted by composer [[Ismail Darbar]]. According to the Indian trade website [[Box Office India]], with around 12,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's ninth highest-selling.<ref>{{cite web |title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units) |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce |archivedate=15 February 2008 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Pyar Se Pyare Tum Ho
| extra1 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| lyrics1 = Salim Bijnori
| length1 = 6:27
| title2 = Yeh Taazgi Yeh Saadgi
| extra2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| lyrics2 = [[Nusrat Badr]]
| length2 = 3:19
| title3 = Saasein Saasein Hain
| extra3 = Sonu Nigam, Kavita Krishnamurthy
| lyrics3 = Salim Bijnori
| length3 = 5:49
| title4 = Saat Suron Ka
| extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]], Kavita Krishnamurthy
| lyrics4 = Salim Bijnori
| length4 = 5:56
| title5 = Pyar Se Pyare Tum Ho
| extra5 = Instrumental
| length5 = 4:00
| title6 = Ai Ajnabi
| extra6 = Sunidhi Chauhan
| lyrics6 = Salim Bijnori
| length6 = 6:02
| title7 = Dholi O Dholi
| extra7 = Kavita Krishnamurthy, [[Babul Supriyo]]
| lyrics7 = Salim Bijnori
| length7 = 7:00
| title8 = Saat Suron Ka
| extra8 = Kavita Krishnamurthy
| lyrics8 = Salim Bijnori
| length8 = 5:56
| title9 = Yeh Taazgi Yeh Saadgi
| extra9 = [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]], [[Mahalaxmi Iyer]]
| lyrics9 = Nusrat Badr
| length9 = 7:10
| title10 = Pyar Se Pyare Tum Ho (Sad)
| extra10 = Sonu Nigam
| lyrics10 = Salim Bijnori
| length10 = 5:22
| title11 = Hai Ishq Khata
| extra11 = [[Jaspinder Narula]]
| lyrics11 = Nusrat Badr
| length11 = 5:55
}}

== Reception ==

''Deewangee'' received mixed reviews from critics. [[Bollywood Hungama]] rated the film 2.5/5, stating, "In an enterprise that boasts of two powerful performers-Ajay and Akshaye, comparisons are inevitable. But, to be honest, it's difficult to gauge who's better. Ajay Devgan essays a complex role with utmost ease, alternating between a simpleton and the shrewd (as part of the split personality!). Akshaye Khanna enacts a suave character with terrific understanding, proving yet again that he's amongst the best in the business today. Urmila Matondkar makes her presence felt in a male-dominated film. Her performance towards the end is praiseworthy. Amongst character artistes, Seema Biswas, Suresh Oberoi and [[Tannaz Irani|Tanaz Currim]] are adequate. On the whole, DEEWANGEE has a novel story with several poignant moments as its USP. A well-made film with a few loose ends nonetheless, it has much to offer as compared to the vendetta fares and mushy love stories being dished out in the garb of entertainment. At the box-office, the impressive cast and the aggressive promotion have resulted in tremendous hype for the film, which in turn should translate into good business, keeping its investors smiling."

== Awards ==

'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Best Villain Award]] – Ajay Devgn
* [[Star Screen Award Best Villain]] – Ajay Devgn
* [[Zee Cine Award Best Actor in a Negative Role]] – Ajay Devgn

'''Nominated'''

* [[Star Screen Award for Best Actor]] – Akshaye Khanna

== See also ==
* ''[[Nail Polish (film)|Nail Polish]]'', 2021 Indian Hindi-language [[legal thriller]] [[drama]] film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/nail-polish-zee5-movie-review/|title=Nail Polish Review – Decent Thriller ...|website=[[binged.com]]|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
* [[Plot twist]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=0337971}}

{{Anees Bazmee}}

[[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about dissociative identity disorder]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Films about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films about murderers]]
[[Category:Films about music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films about schizophrenia]]
[[Category:Films about singers]]
[[Category:Films about stalking]]
[[Category:Films based on American novels]]
[[Category:Films based on American thriller novels]]
[[Category:Films based on crime novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anees Bazmee]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ismail Darbar]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:Indian legal thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian neo-noir films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Works about judgement]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of English films]]

Mirza (name)

2026-03-23T06:06:08Z

MohammadMullen: new initial article first draft

{{Short description|Historical royal and noble title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Indo-Persian royal and noble ranks}}
'''Mirza''' (man) and '''Mirzada''' (woman) ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɜːr|z|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|m|ɪər|ˈ|z|ɑː}}; {{langx|fa|میرزا}})<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mirza |title=Mirza Definition|publisher=Collins Dictionary |access-date=15 October 2014 |date=n.d.}}</ref>{{efn|{{langx|fa|میرزا}}; {{langx|az|Mirzə}}; {{langx|tg|Мирзо}}; {{langx|uz|Mirzo}}; {{langx|ru|Мурза}}; {{langx|ba|mïrða}}; [[Circassian languages|Circassian]]: {{lang|mis-Cyrl|Мырзэ}} (common variance in [[Tatars|Tatar]] nobility as [[Morza]]); {{langx|ur|مرزا}}; {{langx|pa|مرزا}}.}} is a multi-ethnic name of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Hanks | first1=P. | last2=Hodges | first2=F. | last3=Hardcastle | first3=K. | title=A Dictionary of First Names | publisher=OUP Oxford | series=The Oxford Reference Collection | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-19-157854-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv9QEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 | page=333}}</ref> It is used as a surname or prefix to identify patriarchal lineage. It is derived from the term {{lang|fa-Latn|Mirzadeh}} ({{lang|fa|میرزادہ}}, {{lit|son of the lord or daughter the lord}}).

Mirza for men and Mirzada for women are titles inherited by descendants of their mothers who hold the title [[Sharif|Sharifah]] / [[Sharif|Sharefa (Iran)]] / [[Sayyid|Sayyidah]] /[[Sayyid|Sayyeda (Iran)]] / [[Habib|Habibah (Yemen)]] / [[Alawi dynasty|Lalla (Morocco)]] and their fathers who are not [[Sayyid|Syed]] / [[Sayyid]] / [[Sayyid|Sayyed (Iran)]] /[[Sharif|Sharef (Iran)]] / [[Sharif]] / [[Habib|Habib (Yemen)]] / [[Alawi dynasty|Moulay (Morocco)]] / [[Sidi|Sidi (Morocco)]] and do not have a title inherited from their father.

A Mirza can inherit the titles Mirza and Mirzada to subsequent descendants while a Mirzada cannot be inherited to subsequent descendants.

It is a historical royal and noble title,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/mirza |title=Mirza Definition |publisher=Dictionary.com |access-date=14 January 2018 |date=n.d.}}</ref> denoting the rank of a [[prince]] (mirza) or a [[princess]] (mirzada),<ref name="auto1" /> [[Nobleman|high nobleman]],<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mirza |title=Mirza Definition |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=14 January 2018 |date=n.d.}}</ref> distinguished military commander,<ref name="auto2" /> or a scholar.<ref name="auto" /> Specifically, it was used as a title by (and today signifies [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]] lineage to) the various [[Persian Empire]]s, the [[Nogai Horde]], [[Shirvanshah]]s and [[Circassia]]ns of the [[North Caucasus]], the [[Mughal dynasty|Mughals / Moguls]] of the Indian Subcontinent. It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in [[Tatars|Tatar]] states, such as the [[Khanate]]s of [[Khanate of Kazan|Kazan]] and [[Astrakhan Khanate|Astrakhan]].

==Etymology==
===Mirzadeh===
The original title {{lang|ar-Latn|Mīrzā}} or {{lang|ar-Latn|Merzāh}} is derived from the Persian term {{lang|fa-Latn|Mīrzādeh}} which literally means 'child of the Mīr' or 'child of the ruler'.<ref name="auto"/> {{lang|fa-Latn|Mīrzādeh}} in turn consists of the Arabic title {{lang|ar-Latn|Amīr}} (English: ''[[Emir]]''), meaning 'commander' and the [[Persian language|Persian]] [[suffix]] {{lang|fa-Latn|-zādeh}} ({{lang|fa|ـزاده}}, meaning 'son of' or 'lineage of').<ref name="auto"/> Due to [[vowel harmony]] in [[Turkic languages]], the alternative pronunciation {{lang|tt-Latn|[[Morza]]}} (plural {{lang|tt-Latn|morzalar}}; derived from [[Persian language|Persian]]) is also used.

==History==
''Mirza'' first emerged during the 15th century as an appellative term for members of the [[Timurid dynasty]], adopted in deference to their progenitor, the Central Asian conqueror [[Timur]], who used ''Amir'' as his principal title.<ref name="Mitchell2006">{{cite journal|last=Mitchell|first=Colin Paul|editor=Josef W. Meri|editor-link=Josef W. Meri|title=Timurids|journal=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&pg=PA814|volume=2, L-Z, index|year=2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-96692-4|page=814}}</ref><ref name="Soudavar2011">{{cite journal|last=Soudavar|first=Abolala|editor1=Nikki R. Keddie|editor1-link=Nikki Keddie|editor2=Matthee Rudi|title=The Early Safavids and their Cultural Interactions with Surrounding States|journal=Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLlcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|year=2011|publisher=University of Washington Press|location=Seattle and London|isbn=978-0-295-80024-0|page=93}}</ref> During the early [[Timurid Empire|Timurid period]], ''Mirza'' preceded a prince's given name, therefore adhering to the Persian fashion, though subsequently the Turkish style was adopted, with the title instead being placed after.<ref name="Mīr1994">{{cite book|author1=Khwandamir|author-link1=Muhammad Khwandamir|translator=Wheeler Thackston|translator-link=Wheeler Thackston|title=Habibu's-siyar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpIPAQAAMAAJ|volume=III|year=1994|publisher=Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University|page=641}}</ref> This was continued by later rulers such as the [[Aq Qoyunlu]]s, [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]], [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottomans]] and [[Mughal dynasty|Mughals]].<ref name="Mitchell2006"/>

Originally restricted to only kings and princes,<ref name="Herbert2012">{{cite book|last1=Herbert|first1=Thomas|author-link1=Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet|last2=Butler|first2=John Anthony|title=Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ|year=2012|publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies)|isbn=978-0-86698-475-1|page=148}}</ref> the title eventually spread among other social groups, though only the former could have it placed after their given name.<ref name="Shoberl1828">{{cite book|last=Shoberl|first=Frederic|author-link=Frederic Shoberl|title=Persia: Containing a Description of the Country, with an Account of Its Government, Laws, and Religion, and of the Character, Manners and Customs, Arts, Amusements, &c. of Its Inhabitants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRoPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA53|year=1828|publisher=J. Grigg|location=Philadelphia|page=53}}</ref> During the 16th century, the Safavids conferred it upon high-ranking [[vizier]]s such as [[Mirza Shah Hossein]] and [[Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani]].<ref name="Mitchell2006"/> By the [[Qajar Iran|Qajar period]], the title simply marked a person as a clerk or a literate man of consequence.<ref name="al-Salṭanah1993">{{cite book|author1=Tāj al-Salṭanah|author-link1=Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh|editor=Abbas Amanat|editor-link=Abbas Amanat|title=Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity, 1884–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_xtAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Mage Publishers|isbn=978-0-934211-35-2|page=341}}</ref> Writing in 1828, [[Frederic Shoberl]] records that "as a prefix to the name, it may be assumed by, or conferred on any person. It is right, however, to observe, that none but well-educated men, or such as follow respectable professions, or hold honourable posts, take the title of ''Mirza''."<ref name="Shoberl1828"/>

==Persian empires==
[[File:Istanbul, Topkapi Palace Museum MS Hazine 1517 fol 471v Süleymanname Elkas Mirza Suleiman I cropped.png|thumb|Alqas Mirza meeting [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. Illustration from the ''[[Süleymanname]]''.]]

===Safavid dynasty===

*Padeshah [[Ali Mirza Safavi|Ali Mirza]]
*Prince [[Alqas Mirza]]
*Prince [[Mohammad Baqer Mirza]]
*Vizier [[Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani]]
*Vizier [[Mirza Salman Jaberi]]
*Vizier [[Mirza Shah Hossein]]

===Afsharid dynasty===

*Prince [[Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar|Reza Qoli Mirza]]
*Prince [[Shahrokh Afshar|Shahrokh Mirza]]
*Prince [[Ebrahim Afshar|Ebrahim Mirza]]
*Statesman [[Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi|Mirza Mehdi Khan]]
*Prince [[Nader Mirza Afshar|Nader Mirza]]

===Qajar dynasty===

*Prince [[Iraj Mirza]]
*Prince [[Malek Mansur Mirza Shao es-Saltaneh]]
*Prince [[Bahram Mirza Sardar Mass'oud]]
*Prince [[Abbas Mirza]]
*Prince [[Abdol Majid Mirza]]
*Prince [[Bahram Mirza]]
*Prince [[Djahangir Mirza]]
*Prince [[Eskandar Mirza (Qajar)|Eskandar Mirza]]
*Prince [[Hamid Mirza]]
*Prince [[Khanlar Mirza]]
*Prince [[Khosrow Mirza]]
*Prince [[Muhammad Mirza]]
*Prince [[Mahmoud Mirza]]
*Prince [[Mohammad Hassan Mirza]]
*Prince Mohammad Hassan Mirza II
*Prince [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
*Prince [[Nosrat-od-Dowleh Firouz Mirza]]
*Prince [[Firouz Mirza Nosrat-ed-Dowleh Farman Farmaian III]]
*Prince [[Ali Mirza Qajar]]
*Prince [[Nosrat al-Din Mirza Salar es-Saltaneh]]
*Prince [[Abdol-samad Mirza Ezz ed-Dowleh Saloor]]
*Prince [[Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan]]
*Prince [[Dowlatshah|Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah]]
*Prince [[Mohammad Taqi Mirza]]
*Prince [[Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh]]

== Shirvanshahs ==
Three consecutive [[Titular ruler|titular]] kings of [[Shirvan]], of the [[Shirvanshah]] Dynasty (present-day [[Azerbaijan]]), adopted the title as well following the death of [[Gurban Ali]].
* [[Gasim Mirza]]
* [[Kavus Mirza]]
* [[Abu Bakr Mirza]]

==Circassians==

===Circassian dynasty===

The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of the [[Circassians]]. [[Idar of Kabardia]], also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal – Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as the "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family.

Circassian nobility with the name Mirza include:
* [[Idar of Kabardia|Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey]] (ca. 1470 – 1571)
Princely Issues:
* Temruk Mirza (ca. 1501 – 1571)
* Kambulat Mirza (ca. 1510 – 1589)
* Zhelegot Mirza (ca. 1520- ?)

===Russian empire===
Under [[Catherine the Great]], empress of [[Russian Empire|Russia]], the Mirzas gained equal rights with the [[Russian nobility]] due to their extreme wealth. Abdul Mirza was given the title [[Knyaz|Prince]] [[House of Yusupov|Yusupov]], and his descendant Prince [[Felix Yusupov]] married [[Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia]], the only niece of Tsar [[Nicholas II]].

==Mughal empire==
[[File:Idealized portrait of Babur (1483-1530) in Persian style, painted circa 1605-1615 in India (British Museum 1921,1011,0.3).jpg|thumb|right|[[Babur]] Mirza (born Mirza Zahiruddin), first emperor of Mughal Dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |title=World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 4th Edition Outlines – Chapter 21: The Muslim Empires|publisher=Longman|year=2003}}</ref>]]
[[File:Meeting between Babur and Sultan 'Ali Mirza near Samarqand.jpg|thumb|Meeting between [[Babur]] Mirza and Sultan Ali Mirza near [[Samarqand]] (The Met Museum of Art NYC / Cleveland Museum of Art).]]
[[File:Portrait of Akbar by Manohar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Akbar]] Mirza (born Mirza Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad), one of the most popular Mughal Emperors of India, known as "Akbar the Great".]]
[[File:Mirzas1878.jpg|thumb|right|Mirzas of the Mughal imperial family, c. 1878.<ref>A photo from 'The People of India', published from 1868 to the early 1870s by WH Allen, for the India Office</ref>]]
The title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Mongol dynasties like the [[Mughal dynasty]] (the Imperial [[Timurid dynasty|House of Timur]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/hali/majalis/10glossary.html|title=10glossary|website=www.columbia.edu}}</ref> In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as Prince [[Mirza Mughal]] or Prince [[Kamran Mirza]]. Prince [[Khusrau Mirza]] was the grandson of Emperor [[Akbar]] ([[Akbar]] Mirza), son of Emperor [[Jahangir]] and a brother of Emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. Emperor [[Akbar Shah II]] was known as Prince [[Akbar Shah II|Mirza Akbar]] before his coronation. Emperor [[Babur]] took the imperial title of ''[[Padishah|Badshah]]'' on 6 March 1508, before which he used the title ''Mirza''.<ref>pg 24. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture</ref>

===Mughal dynasty===
{{further|Mughal emperors}}
* [[Babur|Mirza Zahiruddin]] 1494–1530, first Mughal Emperor.
* [[Humayun|Mirza Nasiruddin]] 1530–1539 & 1554–1555, second Mughal Emperor.
* [[Akbar|Mirza Jalaluddin]] 1556–1605, third Mughal Emperor.
* [[Jahangir|Mirza Nuruddin Salim]] 1605–1627, fourth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Shahryar Mirza|Mirza Salafuddin Shahryar]] 1627–1628, de facto Ruler
* [[Shah Jahan|Mirza Shahabuddin Khurram]] 1628–1658, fifth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Aurangzeb|Mirza Muhiuddin Aurangzeb]] 1658–1707, sixth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Mirza Qutbuddin Azam]] 1707, seventh Mughal Emperor.
* [[Bahadur Shah I|Mirza Mu'azzam]] 1707–1712, eighth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Jahandar Shah|Mirza Muizuddin Muhammad]] 1712–1713, ninth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Farrukhsiyar|Mirza Muinuddin Muhammad]] 1712–1719, tenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Rafi ud-Darajat|Mirza Shamsuddin]] 1719, eleventh Mughal Emperor.
* [[Rafi ud-Darajat|Mirza Rafiuddin]] 1719, twelfth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Neku Siyar|Mirza Muhammad Nekusiyar]] 1719, thirteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Muhammad Shah|Mirza Nasiruddin Roshan Akhtar]], fourteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur|Ahmad Shah Mirza]] 1720–1748, fifteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Alamgir II|Azizuddin Beg Mirza]] 1754–1759, sixteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Shah Alam II|Jalaluddin Mirza]] 1759–1760, seventeenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Shah Jahan III|Muhi-ul-Millat Mirza]] 1788–1806, eighteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Akbar Shah II|Mirza Akbar]] 1806–1837, nineteenth Mughal Emperor.
* [[Bahadur Shah II|Sirajuddin Mirza]] 1837–1857, Mughal Emperor.
* Mirza Abdullah, son of [[Bahadur Shah II]] 1850–1897, Mughal Emperor.
* [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] (1542–1624), foster-brother of Akbar, son of [[Ataga Khan]]

===Imperial families of Central India and Bengal===
{{further|Nawabs of Bengal}}
The archaic Bengali form of ''Mirza'' was ''Mridha'' in [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref>The [[Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque]] is named for a man known in Mughal records as Khan ''Muhammad Mirza''; see https://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=4450 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117111751/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=4450 |date=17 November 2010 }} [[Mughal Emperors|Mughal dynasty]] (the Imperial [[Timurid dynasty|House of Timur]] "Sarai Mulk Khanam Qutubuddunniya wa Deen Amir Qutubuddin Taimur Baig Sahib-e-kiran").</ref>
* [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan|Mirza Shuja ud-din Muhammad Khan]], second Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Sarfaraz Khan|Mirza Asadullah]], third Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Alivardi Khan|Mirza Muhammad Ali]], fourth Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Siraj ud-Daulah|Mirza Mohammad Siraj]], fifth Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Nawab Sayyid Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur|Mirza Hassan Ali Khan Bahadur]], 18th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Nawab Sayyid Wasif Ali Mirza Khan|Mirza Wasif Ali Khan]], 19th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
* [[Nawab Sayyid Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur|Mirza Waris Ali Khan]], 20th Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

===Royal family of Awadh===
{{further|Nawab of Awadh}}
* [[Safdarjung|Mirza Muhammad Muqim Ali Khan]], second Nawab Subahdar of Awadh (Oudh)
* [[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah|Mirza Amani Asif-ud-Dawlah]], fourth Nawab Subahdar of Awadh
* [[Wazir Ali Khan|Mirza Asif Jah Wazir Ali Khan]], fifth Nawab Subahdar of Awadh
* [[Wajid Ali Shah|Mirza Wajid Ali Shah]], eleventh Nawab Subahdar (fifth King) of Awadh

==Rajput dynasty==
===Rajputs of Northern India===

Originally being adversaries and opponents to the Mughal Emperors, the title ''Mirza'' was also adopted by the [[Muslim Rajput]]s of Northern India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allrajputyouthwing.weebly.com/muslim-rajputs-history.html |title=History: Muslim Rajputs|publisher=Rana M. Ahsan Khan|access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> Many of the Rajput imperial families were descendants of ancient warriors, who strategically formed blood alliances with [[Mughal tribe|Mughal]] aristocracy. The Rajputs were rulers of [[princely states]] comprising vast territories of Northern India, including the [[Punjab Region]], [[Kashmir]] and [[Rajasthan]]. Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and various factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced the [[Islam]]ic faith, giving rise to the term "Muslim Rajputs".<ref>''Lord Lawrence and the Reconstruction of India Under The Crown'' by Sir Charles Aitcheson, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., [[Rulers of India series]], Clarendon Press 1897, V p117</ref> Rajput rulers were also granted the title ''Mirza'' on account of being high-ranked commanders in the Mughal military.<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702051%26ct%3D237%26rqs%3D302%26rqs%3D309%26rqs%3D310 30. Ra´jah Ma´n Singh, son of Bhagwán Dás – Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007092053/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702051%26ct%3D237%26rqs%3D302%26rqs%3D309%26rqs%3D310 |date=7 October 2016 }} [[Ain-i-Akbari]], Vol. I.</ref> The meaning of ''Mirza'' (Persian origin)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mirza?showCookiePolicy=true|title=Mirza Definition|publisher=Collins Dictionary|access-date=16 June 2017|date=n.d.}}</ref> is identical to the meaning of ''Rajput'' (Sanskrit Origin).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajput|title=Rajput Definition|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=16 June 2017|date=n.d.}}</ref>

==Other notable people named Mirza==
===Sport===
* [[Sania Mirza]], Indian tennis player, former WTA number 1
* [[Fadi Merza]], Syrian-Austrian middleweight kickboxer, former world champion kickboxing and Muay Thai
* [[Mirza Ali Baig]], Pakistani [[mountaineer]]
* [[Mirza Baig]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Mirza Bašić]], Bosnian tennis player, winner 2018 Sofia Open
* [[Mirza Begić]], Bosnian-Slovenian Olympic basketball player
* [[Mirza Delibasic|Mirza Delibašić]], Bosnian basketball player
* [[Mirza Delimeđac]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Džomba]], Croatian handball player
* [[Mirza Golubica]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Hajdinović]], Serbian-Bosniak politician
* [[Mirza Halvadžić]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Hasanbegović]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Hasanović]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Jelečak]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Kapetanović]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Khan]], Pakistani hurdler
* [[Mirza Mešić]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Muratovic]], Australian football player
* [[Mirza Mustafić]], Bosnian football player
* [[Mirza Sarajlija]], Bosnian-Slovenian basketball player
* [[Mirza Teletović]], Bosnian basketball player
* [[Mirza Varešanović]], Bosnian football manager
* [[Rasul Mirzaev]], Russian MMA fighter
* [[Salman Mirza]], Pakistani cricketer

===Academics and literature===
* [[Meerza Delawar Hosaen Ahmed]] (1840–1913), first Muslim graduate of the British Raj
* [[Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali]] (1858–1920), Bengali writer and social activist
* [[Mirza Ali-Akbar Sabir]] (1862-1911), Azerbaijani satirist and poet
* [[Heidi Safia Mirza]] (born 1958), British academic
* [[Iraj Mirza]], Persian folk poet, also known as Jalaal-al-mamalek.
* [[Mirza Abu Taleb Khan]], tax-collector and administrator from northern India, writer of an early travel guide to Europe.
* [[Mirza Athar Baig]] is a Pakistani novelist, playwright and short story writer.
* [[Gʻafur Gʻulom|Mirza Gʻafur Gʻulom]], Uzbek poet, writer, and literary translator, considered one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.
* [[Mirza Ghalib]] (born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan), an [[Urdu]] and [[Persian people|Persian]] poet from South Asia who adorned the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] court.
* [[Mirza Kalich Beg]], Sindhi writer.
* [[Mirza Sahiba|Mirza Khan]] of "Mirza & Sahiba", a tragic romance story, based on true events, which is enshrined in [[Punjabi culture|Punjabi]] literature and commonly told in the [[Punjab region]]. Mirza of "Mirza & Sahiba" was of Kharal [[Muslim Jat]] tribe.
* [[Muhammad Munawwar Mirza]], a prominent scholar, historian, writer and intellectual from Pakistan.
* Nawab Mirza Khan "[[Daagh]]", Urdu poet.

=== Arts and entertainment ===
* [[Aziz Mirza]] (born 1947), Indian film director, producer and writer.
* [[Bashir Mirza]] also known as BM, a Pakistani painter.
* [[Hady Mirza]] (born 1980), Singaporean singer.
* [[Haroon Mirza]], Anglo-Pakistani artist born in London.
* [[Jeff Mirza]], British comedian
* [[Haji Mastan|Mastan Haider Mirza]], Indian Mafia boss, mobster and filmmaker; popularly known as the first "celebrity gangster" of Bombay.
* [[Mirza Babayev]], Azerbaijani movie actor and singer. [[Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR]] and People's Artist of Azerbaijan.
* [[Mirza Kadym Irevani]], Azerbaijani artist.
*[[Nadeem Baig (actor)|Mirza Nadeem Baig]] Mirza Nazeer Baig Mughal better known by his stage name Nadeem Baig, a Pakistani actor, singer and producer.
*[[Mirza Šoljanin]], Bosnian singer.
* [[Mohib Mirza]] is a Pakistani actor and television host.
* [[Saeed Akhtar Mirza|Saeed Mirza]], Indian film director and screenwriter, considered one of the most influential parallel cinema movie makers in India.
* [[Shazia Mirza]], English comedienne.
* [[Mirza Farid Baig]], Indo-Canadian hiker.

===Government===
* [[Abdul Latif Mirza]], Bangladeshi politician
* [[Mirza Abdul Jalil]], former chairman of [[Bangladesh Krishi Bank]]
* [[Mirza Ghulam Hafiz]], Bangladeshi politician and former [[Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad]]
* [[Mirza Ruhul Amin]], Bangladeshi politician
* [[Mirza Abdul Halim]], Bangladeshi politician and former [[Ministry of Shipping (Bangladesh)|Minister of Shipping]]
* [[Mirza Abdur Rashid]], Bangladeshi politician
* [[Mirza Abdul Awal]], Bangladeshi politician
* [[Mirza Azam]], Bangladeshi politician and former [[Ministry of Textiles and Jute|Minister of Textiles and Jute]]
* [[Mirza Muraduzzaman]], Bangladeshi politician and former president of [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]'s Sirajganj branch
* [[Mirza Sultan Raja]], Bangladeshi politician and former president of [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)|Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]]
* [[Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir]], Bangladeshi politician, the incumbent secretary general of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) since 2016
* [[Mirza Abbas]], Bangladeshi politician and former Mayor of Dhaka City Corporation from 1991 to 1993
* [[Fahmida Mirza]], first female Speaker of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
*[[Hasnain Mirza]], lawyer, [[barrister]] and Member of Parliament who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA)
* [[Iskandar Ali Mirza]], the first [[President of Pakistan|President]] and 4th [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor General]] of the [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]] in 1956
* [[Mirza Tofazzal Hossain Mukul]], Bangladeshi politician
*[[Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan]], the last prime minister of [[Qajar dynasty|Iran]] under [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]]
* [[Mirza Ismail]], Prime Minister, [[Jaipur]] (Diwan of Jaipur) (1942–1946)
*[[Mirza Kuchik Khan]], early 20th-century revolutionary, [[Gilan Province|Gilani]] [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] and the president of the [[Persian Socialist Soviet Republic|Republic Of Gilan]]
* [[Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad]], a [[Finance Minister of Pakistan|Federal Finance Minister]] and [[Finance Secretary of Pakistan|Finance Secretary]], Chairman of [[Planning Commission of Pakistan]] Executive director of the [[World bank]]
*[[Mirza Nasrullah Khan]], the first Iranian Prime Minister
*[[Munira Mirza]], Deputy Mayor of London and the Director of the [[Number 10 Policy Unit]] under [[UK Prime Minister]] [[Boris Johnson]]
*[[Syed Kazim Ali Mirza]], Indian politician
*[[Zulfiqar Mirza]], Pakistani politician affiliated with the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP)

=== Judges and advocates ===
* [[Zafar Hussain Mirza]], Pakistani judge and the father of former Home Minister of Sindh [[Zulfiqar Mirza]].

=== Journalists ===
* [[Janbaz Mirza]] was a writer, poet, and journalist from [[Pakistan]].
* [[Tahir Mirza]] was a senior Pakistani journalist and former editor of [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]], [[Pakistan]]'s oldest and most widely circulated [[English-language]] newspaper.

===Military===
*[[4th Horse (Hodson's Horse)|Mirza Ahmed Beg]], one of the original [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] soldiers of the famed "Hodson's Horse" regiment of the British Indian Army, pictured in the historical 1858 photograph.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}{{Circular reference|date=November 2017}} He was a descendant of Mirza Hakim Beg, after whom the Indian village Hakimpur, Gurdaspur District is named.
* [[Sahir Shamshad Mirza]], a Pakistani four star-general serving as the 18th [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].
* [[Mirza Aslam Beg]], a Former Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan.
* [[Mirza Baqi]], 17th-century Mughal general
* [[Mirza Ghulam Murtaza]] was the chieftain of [[Qadian]] and a commander with the [[Sikh Khalsa Army|Sikh Army]].
* [[Mirza Kuchak Khan]] was a Persian revolutionary who led the Jungle Movement in the northern jungles of [[Gilan Province]].

===Nobility and royalty===
* [[Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque|Khan Muhammad Mirza]], architect during the Mughal Era.
* [[Mirza Ali Behrouze Ispahani]], Bangladeshi businessman from the [[Ispahani family]] and the chairman of [[M. M. Ispahani Limited]].
* [[Mirza Hadi Baig]], Mughal nobleman from [[Samarkand]] who was granted 80 villages by [[Babur]].
* [[Mirza Najaf Khan]], Indian courtier and Commander-in-Chief of the Mughal Imperial Army.
* [[Sikandar Mirza]], Armenian courtier within [[Akbar's Mughal Empire]]
* [[Umar Shaikh Mirza II|Umer Sheikh Mirza]], ruler, father of Mughal Prince [[Babur|Mirza Babar]]

===Other people===
* [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], Indian religious leader
* [[Mirza Mahdi Ashtiani]], Iranian philosopher
* [[Mirza Shirazi]], Iranian Shia marja' (1815–1895)
* [[Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi]], Iranian Shia marja'
* [[Muhammad Ali Mirza]], Pakistani religious scholar'

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Murzin]]
*[[Rana (title)]]
*[[Baig]], [[Bey]]
*[[Beg Khan]]
*[[Emir]]
*[[Mir (title)]]
*[[Khanzada]]
*[[Begzada]]
*[[Morza]]
*[[Mughal (tribe)]]
*[[Muslim Rajput]]
*[[Nawab]]
*[[Shah#Shahzada|Shahzada]]
*[[Sultanzada]]
*[[Mirza Ghassemi]]
*[[Sayyid]]
{{div col end}}

==Further reading==

*"Life of a Mirza" Chapter 7 (pp. 225–227) ''The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture'' (2004), by Annemarie Schimmel, {{ISBN|1-86189-185-7}}.
*Mirzah in ''The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'' by Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, {{ISBN|1-84022-310-3}}.
*MI'RZA in Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge For the People. {{ISBN|1-149-98693-X}}.
*A. Jaimoukha ''The Circassians: A Handbook'' Routledge, Palgrave, 2001, pp. 157–60, {{ISBN|0-312-23994-7}}.

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
;Specific
{{reflist}}
;Sources
*''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrases and Fable'', 16th edition Revised by Adrian Room, 1999
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Religious_Organizations.html#Caliphate WorldStatesmen]
*[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none Etymology Online]

{{given name|type=both}}
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Court titles]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Iran]]
[[Category:Titles in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Titles in Russia]]
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Turkish titles]]
[[Category:Turkic culture]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Persian words and phrases]]
[[Category:Pakistani families]]
[[Category:Muslim families]]
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman titles]]
[[Category:Borjigin]]
[[Category:Bosniak masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

Sushant Singh Rajput

2026-03-22T19:44:58Z

MohammadMullen: minor cleanup

{{short description|Indian actor (1986–2020)}}
{{distinguish|Sushant Singh}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sushant Singh Rajput
| image = Sushant Singh Rajput snapped at the promotions of 'M.S. Dhoni - The Untold Story' (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Rajput snapped at the promotions of 'M.S. Dhoni - The Untold Story' in 2016
| birth_date = {{birth date|1986|01|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Patna, Bihar]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2020|06|14|1986|01|21}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| death_cause = [[Death of Sushant Singh Rajput|Suicide by hanging]]<ref name="auto1" />
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2008–2020
| alma_mater =
| signature = Sushant Singh Rajput Signature.svg
}}
'''Sushant Singh Rajput'''{{efn|{{langx|hi-Latn|Suśānt Siṁh Rājpūt}}, {{IPA|hi|suːˈʃɑːnt sɪŋ(h) ˈrɑːdʒpuːt|pron}}}} (21 January 1986 – 14 June 2020) was an Indian actor best known for his work in [[Hindi cinema]]. He earned acclaim for his performances in several notable films, including ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' (2013), ''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]'' (2015), ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016), ''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]'' (2018), ''[[Sonchiriya]]'' (2019), and ''[[Chhichhore]]'' (2019). Rajput received a [[Screen Award]] and was nominated for the [[Filmfare Awards]] on three occasions. He was featured twice on ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list, and was regarded as one of the most talented and versatile actors of his generation.{{efn|<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2022|title=Sushant Singh Rajput was many things but flashy 'star'. His brand lives on through SSRians|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/sushant-singh-rajput-was-many-things-but-flashy-star-his-brand-lives-on-through-ssrians/808323/|access-date=21 January 2022|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121033554/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/sushant-singh-rajput-was-many-things-but-flashy-star-his-brand-lives-on-through-ssrians/808323/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":16" /><ref name="Forbes 1" /><ref name="Forbes 2" />}}

Rajput began his acting career after dropping out of his engineering course at the [[Delhi College of Engineering]] and entering the theatre industry in [[Mumbai]]. He moved on to feature in [[Hindi]] television serials, his debut show was the romantic drama ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'' (2008), followed by the lead role in the soap opera ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' (2009–2011). He made his film debut with the film adaptation ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' (2013) which became a critical and commercial success. He followed up with his starring roles as a tourist guide in the romantic comedy ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]'' (2013) and the [[Byomkesh Bakshi|titular detective]] in the mystery film ''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]'' (2015). Rajput's highest-grossing releases came with a supporting role in the satire ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014), and from the title role in the sports biopic of [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]. For his performance in the latter, he received his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].

Rajput [[Death of Sushant Singh Rajput|died by suicide]] at his home in [[Bandra]], Mumbai, in June 2020, aged 34.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2020|editor-last=Banerjea|editor-first=Aparna|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's father files FIR against Rhea Chakraborty in Patna|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sushant-singh-rajput-s-father-files-fir-against-rhea-chakraborty-in-patna-11595943026253.html|access-date=13 October 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121071749/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sushant-singh-rajput-s-father-files-fir-against-rhea-chakraborty-in-patna-11595943026253.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Pankhuri|date=15 June 2020|title='Hit-Wicket' & 'Patna Fail' – How Indian Media Failed Sushant|url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/social-buzz/hit-wicket-patna-fail-indian-media-coverage-sushant-singh-rajput-suicide-death|access-date=13 October 2020|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's Death: Complete timeline of investigation from June 14 till present day|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/sushant-singh-rajputs-death-complete-timeline-of-investigation-from-june-14-till-present-day|website=[[The Free Press Journal]]|language=en|access-date=13 October 2020|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006234716/https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/sushant-singh-rajputs-death-complete-timeline-of-investigation-from-june-14-till-present-day|url-status=live}}</ref> Various controversies surrounded his death. The [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] claimed Rajput had been using various people to obtain drugs since 2018 and filed abetment charges against them. Abetment to suicide charges were filed and the case was handed to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], who filed a closure report on 22 March 2025 ruling out any foul play.<ref name="closure">{{cite news |last=Shukla |first=Prateek |date=22 March 2025 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/cbi-files-closure-reports-in-sushant-singh-rajput-case-rules-out-foulplay-125032200853_1.html |title=CBI files closure reports in Sushant Singh Rajput case, rules out foulplay |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> His last film, ''[[Dil Bechara]]'' (2020), was released posthumously on the streaming platform [[Hotstar]].

== Early life and education ==
Sushant Singh Rajput was born in [[Patna]] in the state of [[Bihar]] to Krishna Kumar Singh and Usha Singh.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|last=Arora|first=Priya|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput, Bollywood Star, Dies at 34|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/14/world/asia/sushant-singh-rajput-death.html|access-date=5 September 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=24 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624194325/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/14/world/asia/sushant-singh-rajput-death.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Devesh|date=10 July 2020|title=Looking back at late Sushant Singh Rajput's journey in showbiz|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/looking-back-at-late-sushant-singh-rajputs-journey-in-showbiz-42141.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808182651/https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/looking-back-at-late-sushant-singh-rajputs-journey-in-showbiz-42141.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last1=Rawal Kukreja|first1=Monika|last2=Suri|first2=Rishabh|date=3 August 2020|title=Sushant's death embroiled in a web of theories|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushant-s-death-embroiled-in-a-web-of-theories/story-TEWZDqHtQRJXoN22jE5cqJ.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804072138/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushant-s-death-embroiled-in-a-web-of-theories/story-TEWZDqHtQRJXoN22jE5cqJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His father is a retired technical officer and worked at Bihar State Handloom Corporation in [[Patna]], and his mother was a homemaker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bollywood/1295490|title=सुशांत सिंह राजपूत: हैंडलूम कॉरपोरेशन के टेक्निकल अफसर ने बेटे को बनाया बॉलीवुड स्टार|work=[[Prabhat Khabar]]|date=16 June 2019|language=hi|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006133706/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bollywood/1295490|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput was the only son and the youngest of five siblings and had the nickname Gulshan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Ridhi Kale|first=Vidya|date=14 September 2020|title=Phantoms of the mind|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20200914-phantoms-of-the-mind-1718592-2020-09-05|access-date=5 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905185314/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20200914-phantoms-of-the-mind-1718592-2020-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref> One of his four sisters, Mitu Singh, was a state-level cricket player.<ref name=":3" /> He studied at [[St. Karen's High School]] in Patna.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2020|title=Pall of gloom descends on Sushant Singh Rajput's residence in Patna|agency=[[United News of India]]|url=http://www.uniindia.com/pall-of-gloom-descends-on-sushant-singh-rajput-s-residence-in-patna/east/news/2038723.html|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=16 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816052346/http://www.uniindia.com/pall-of-gloom-descends-on-sushant-singh-rajput-s-residence-in-patna/east/news/2038723.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His family moved to Delhi following his mother's death in 2002 where he completed his schooling for intermediate studies in the [[Kulachi Hansraj Model School]].<ref name=":4" />

Rajput was reportedly an avid reader who was deeply interested in [[astrophysics]] and won the [[Indian National Physics Olympiad|National Olympiad in Physics]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last1=Deshpande|first1=Alok|last2=Saigal|first2=Sonam|last3=Pandey|first3=Devesh Kumar|date=5 September 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: Life and death in the spotlight|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sushant-singh-rajput-life-and-death-in-the-spotlight/article32526228.ece|access-date=5 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904233030/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sushant-singh-rajput-life-and-death-in-the-spotlight/article32526228.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He secured admission in the Delhi College of Engineering (later renamed [[Delhi Technological University]]) to pursue a [[Bachelor of Engineering]] degree in [[mechanical engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=K. Sunil|date=28 June 2020|title=Reaching for the stars|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2020/06/18/reaching-for-the-stars.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=The Week|language=en|archive-date=3 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903195434/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2020/06/18/reaching-for-the-stars.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> According to Rajput, he did not have any interest in engineering but his family gave him no option which left him dissatisfied. He instead wanted to become an [[astronaut]] and later an air force pilot but was also interested in [[Bollywood]], being a fan of [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Ananya|date=5 August 2017|title=How a background dancer (like me) became a movie star... by Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/how-a-background-dancer-like-me-became-a-movie-star-by-sushant-singh-rajput/story-aSolEwvqToqXW3YzTCqR9K.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803152641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/how-a-background-dancer-like-me-became-a-movie-star-by-sushant-singh-rajput/story-aSolEwvqToqXW3YzTCqR9K.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== 2006–2011: Early career and television ===
During his course at the Delhi College of Engineering, Rajput enrolled himself in [[Shiamak Davar]]'s dance classes.<ref name=":3" /> Soon afterward, he also began attending acting classes under the theatre director [[Barry John (theatre director)|Barry John]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Mitter|first=Sohini|date=13 February 2014|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: Shuddh Desi Appeal|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30/sushant-singh-rajput-shuddh-desi-appeal/37157/1|access-date=6 September 2020|website=Forbes India|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618164507/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30/sushant-singh-rajput-shuddh-desi-appeal/37157/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Sood|first=Samira|date=14 June 2020|title=5 performances by which to remember Sushant Singh Rajput – from Kai Po Che! to Chhichhore|url=https://theprint.in/features/kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-5-performances-by-which-to-remember-sushant-singh-rajput/441484/|website=The Print|language=en-US|access-date=5 September 2020|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915205017/https://theprint.in/features/kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-5-performances-by-which-to-remember-sushant-singh-rajput/441484/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput later stated that he found the experience to be liberating and wanted to continue doing it forever.<ref name="filmfare.com">{{cite web|author=Anuradha Choudhary|date=14 June 2013|title=I want to be on the cover of Filmfare – Sushant Singh Rajput|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-want-to-be-on-the-cover-of-filmfare-sushant-singh-rajput-3428.html|access-date=7 July 2016|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410024337/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-want-to-be-on-the-cover-of-filmfare-sushant-singh-rajput-3428.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He featured as a background dancer in the ''Dhoom Again'' song of ''[[Dhoom 2]]'' and in [[Aishwarya Rai]]'s performance at the closing ceremony of the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaubey|first=Pranita|date=19 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput Was A Background Dancer For Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in 2006 Performance|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-was-a-background-dancer-for-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-in-2006-performance-2248518|access-date=5 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902122400/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-was-a-background-dancer-for-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-in-2006-performance-2248518|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006, he dropped out of his engineering course during his fourth year to begin a career in arts and performance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Jigar|date=28 August 2015|title=Honorary degree for college drop-out Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/honorary-degree-for-college-drop-out-sushant-singh-rajput/story-89LK19OrdsewMZT1bmyTnN.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621110510/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/honorary-degree-for-college-drop-out-sushant-singh-rajput/story-89LK19OrdsewMZT1bmyTnN.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Unny|first=Divya|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput (1986–2020)|url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/in-memoriam-features/sushant-singh-rajput-1986-2020/|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Open Magazine|language=en-GB|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809014833/https://openthemagazine.com/features/in-memoriam-features/sushant-singh-rajput-1986-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref> He moved to [[Mumbai]], took up odd jobs and small roles alongside working in the theatre industry.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 August 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: Federal probe ordered into Bollywood star's death|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53831595|access-date=5 September 2020|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831181628/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53831595|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput eventually joined [[Nadira Babbar]]'s theatre group called the ''Ekjute'' in which he remained for two and a half years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nihalani|first=Akash|date=1 February 2018|title=5 young actors who made it big on their own|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-young-actors-who-made-it-big-on-their-own-26370.html|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201165244/https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-young-actors-who-made-it-big-on-their-own-26370.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2020|title=RIP Sushant Singh Rajput: The rising star who made a successful transition from TV to films|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rip-sushant-singh-rajput-the-rising-star-who-made-a-successful-transition-from-tv-to-films/story-qp3lY6OXRnDveAP41pQHIK.html|access-date=15 October 2020|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=29 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829195738/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rip-sushant-singh-rajput-the-rising-star-who-made-a-successful-transition-from-tv-to-films/story-qp3lY6OXRnDveAP41pQHIK.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

He was spotted by a casting team of [[Balaji Telefilms]] while he was working at the [[Prithvi Theatre]].<ref name=":0" /> Rajput was subsequently called for an audition and cast as a second lead in the television series ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'' in 2008''.''<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Suhani|date=21 June 2020|title=A Star Snuffed Out|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/20200629-a-star-snuffed-out-1690930-2020-06-21|access-date=6 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907150515/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/20200629-a-star-snuffed-out-1690930-2020-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> He had secured the role of Preet Singh Juneja, the stepbrother of the lead named Harshad Chopda and entered the show in its seventh episode.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keshri|first=Shewta|date=23 July 2020|title=Throwback Thursday: How Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil paved way for Sushant Singh Rajput's acting career|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/throwback-thursday-how-kis-desh-mein-hai-meraa-dil-paved-way-for-sushant-singh-rajput-s-acting-career-1703622-2020-07-23|access-date=6 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929183149/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/throwback-thursday-how-kis-desh-mein-hai-meraa-dil-paved-way-for-sushant-singh-rajput-s-acting-career-1703622-2020-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref> The character was killed early in the show, but due to popularity among viewers was brought back in the series finale as a spirit looking on as his family celebrated coming out of difficult times.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2020|title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Sushant Singh Rajput!|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/sushant-singh-rajput-five-things-you-didnt-know-about-actor|website=The Quint|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614115124/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/sushant-singh-rajput-five-things-you-didnt-know-about-actor|url-status=live}}</ref> The performance had made an impression on the producer [[Ekta Kapoor]] who vouched for him to be cast as the lead in another series ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'',<ref name=":7" /> reportedly against the wishes of the hosting channel, [[Zee TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ann|first=Tracy|date=3 June 2020|title=Sushant Has Ekta Kapoor To Thank For His Career; Here's How He Landed His First Big Role|url=https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/tv/ekta-kapoor-convinced-zee-to-cast-sushant-singh-rajput/18010021|access-date=6 September 2020|website=iDiva|publisher=Times Internet|language=en-IN|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614231259/https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/tv/ekta-kapoor-convinced-zee-to-cast-sushant-singh-rajput/18010021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaubey|first=Pranita|date=2 June 2020|title=Pavitra Rishta Without Sushant Singh Rajput? Ekta Kapoor Reveals Channel Needed Convincing To Cast Him|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pavitra-rishta-without-sushant-singh-rajput-ekta-kapoor-reveals-channel-needed-convincing-to-cast-him-2239501|access-date=6 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721233449/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pavitra-rishta-without-sushant-singh-rajput-ekta-kapoor-reveals-channel-needed-convincing-to-cast-him-2239501|url-status=live}}</ref>

In ''Pavitra Rishta'', Rajput was cast as Manav Deshmukh who was an "ideal son and husband" and co-starred along with [[Ankita Lokhande]].<ref name="auto" /> The role was reportedly a breakthrough for him and for which he won various television awards,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkiteshan|first=Jyothi|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput is no more!|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/life-leisure/sushant-singh-rajput-is-no-more--1.4829937|access-date=6 September 2020|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215520/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/life-leisure/sushant-singh-rajput-is-no-more--1.4829937|url-status=live}}</ref> including his first award for best actor in the [[Indian Television Academy Awards]] 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|date=19 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput dedicated his first-ever Best Actor award to his mother. Watch video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dedicated-his-first-ever-best-actor-award-to-his-mother-watch-video-1690656-2020-06-19|access-date=6 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621113217/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dedicated-his-first-ever-best-actor-award-to-his-mother-watch-video-1690656-2020-06-19|url-status=live}}</ref> He also won three major television awards in the categories of best male actor and most popular actor.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput went from the small screen to Bollywood⁠— and gave up on life while his career was peaking|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/sushant-singh-rajput-journey-from-the-small-screen-to-bollywood/articleshow/76369638.cms|website=Business Insider|access-date=6 September 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705234452/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/sushant-singh-rajput-journey-from-the-small-screen-to-bollywood/articleshow/76369638.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, he joined the dance reality show ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]'' in its second season as part of the ''Mast Kalandar Boys'' team.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":8" /> On the [[Mother's Day]] special episode, the team dedicated a performance to Rajput's mother who had died.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/videos/id/37601/type/view/videoid/1213307|title=Mother's Day Special On 'Zara Nachke Dikha' – Abhishek Awasthi|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=24 November 2013|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054641/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/videos/id/37601/type/view/videoid/1213307|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later in the same year, he also took part in the fourth season of another dance competition reality show called ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' and was paired alongside the choreographer Shampa Sonthalia; they emerged as the runners-up of the season.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's TV career: Pavitra Rishta to Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-s-tv-career-pavitra-rishta-to-kis-desh-mein-hai-meraa-dil-1688895-2020-06-14|website=India Today|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614115125/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-s-tv-career-pavitra-rishta-to-kis-desh-mein-hai-meraa-dil-1688895-2020-06-14|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajput continued to act in ''Pavitra Rishta'' from its first airing in 2009 till his exit in 2011,<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 October 2014|title=Ankita Lokhande Plans Long Break After Shooting Final Episode of Pavitra Rishta|work=NDTV Movies|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/television/ankita-lokhande-plans-long-break-after-shooting-final-episode-of-pavitra-rishta-678640|access-date=6 September 2020|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915231851/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/ankita-lokhande-plans-long-break-after-shooting-final-episode-of-pavitra-rishta-678640|url-status=live}}</ref> having played the part of the protagonist of the series for two and a half years at the time of his exit.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=9 October 2014|title=Shooting last episode of Pavitra Rishta was emotional: Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/shooting-last-episode-of-pavitra-rishta-was-emotional-sushant-singh-rajput/story-AvdYb6InesM4dOPANOfsHN.html|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610121159/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/shooting-last-episode-of-pavitra-rishta-was-emotional-sushant-singh-rajput/story-AvdYb6InesM4dOPANOfsHN.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He had stated that he intended to move to the [[United States]] to study filmmaking and had already gained experience behind the scenes in the film ''[[Raaz 2]]'',<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|date=4 September 2013|title=All you need to know about Shuddh Desi Romance star Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/all-you-need-to-know-about-shuddh-desi-romance-star-sushant-singh-rajput-1084077.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=23 December 2019|archive-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223191428/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/all-you-need-to-know-about-shuddh-desi-romance-star-sushant-singh-rajput-1084077.html|url-status=live}}</ref> where he was an [[assistant director]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2018|title=Happy Birthday Sushant Singh Rajput: 7 lesser-known facts about the star that will make you go 'Whoa!'|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-sushant-singh-rajput-5033349/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=6 September 2020|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330085202/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-sushant-singh-rajput-5033349/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput made a later reappearance in the final episode of ''Pavitra Rishta'' in 2014 after gaining critical acclaim in [[Bollywood]].<ref name=":9" />

=== 2012–2015: Film debut and Yash Raj Films ===
[[File:Sushant, Raj Kumar, Abhishek and Amit at KAI PO CHE's success bash.jpg|thumb|left|250px|From left to right: Rajput, [[Rajkumar Rao]], [[Abhishek Kapoor]] and [[Amit Sadh]] at the promotion of ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' in 2013]]

In 2011, Rajput was spotted by Mukesh Chhabra, the casting director of ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'', who invited him for an audition.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Suhani|date=23 July 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's swan song|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/sushant-singh-rajput-s-swan-song-1703680-2020-07-23|access-date=7 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908063132/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/sushant-singh-rajput-s-swan-song-1703680-2020-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Uday|date=20 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: The outsider|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/sushant-singh-rajput-the-outsider-11592580503526.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=Livemint|language=en|archive-date=13 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913023459/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/sushant-singh-rajput-the-outsider-11592580503526.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was in the process of enrolling for a course in filmmaking at [[Stanford University]] but decided to accept the offer.<ref name=":0" /> He was subsequently cast in the role of Ishaan Bhatt, a district-level cricketer who was a victim of politics in the selection fraternity and one of the three leads, along with [[Rajkummar Rao]] and [[Amit Sadh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maru|first=Vibha|date=25 June 2020|title=Throwback Thursday: Remembering Sushant Singh Rajput as the passionate Ishaan of Kai Po Che|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/throwback-thursday-remembering-sushant-singh-rajput-as-the-passionate-ishaan-of-kai-po-che-1692593-2020-06-25|access-date=7 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629141255/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/throwback-thursday-remembering-sushant-singh-rajput-as-the-passionate-ishaan-of-kai-po-che-1692593-2020-06-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite web|last1=Kanyal|first1=Jyoti|last2=June 14|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput dies at 34: Kai Po Che to Chhichhore, best films of the actor|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dies-at-34-kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-best-films-of-the-actor-1688952-2020-06-14|access-date=14 October 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014093556/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dies-at-34-kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-best-films-of-the-actor-1688952-2020-06-14|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Abhishek Kapoor]] and based on the [[Chetan Bhagat]] novel called ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]'', which dealt with the life of three friends affected by the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] and the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]. It was released in 2013 and became a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shekhar|first=Mimasa|date=20 September 2019|title=Besides The Zoya Factor, a list of best book adaptations in Bollywood|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-book-adaptations-films-stories-the-zoya-factor-5982042/|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924235452/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/best-book-adaptations-films-stories-the-zoya-factor-5982042/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Awards]] in the category of best debut actor for his performance in the film.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Bharati|first=Yash|date=15 June 2020|title=5 Sushant Singh Rajput movies on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Disney+ Hotstar as we remember the young superstar|url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/5-sushant-singh-rajput-movies-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-disney-hotstar-watch-remember-young-superstar/|access-date=7 September 2020|website=GQ India|language=en-IN|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809100439/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/5-sushant-singh-rajput-movies-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-disney-hotstar-watch-remember-young-superstar/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Arora|first=Priya|date=19 June 2020|title=4 Great Sushant Singh Rajput Roles to Stream|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/movies/sushant-singh-rajput-performances.html|access-date=7 September 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813060923/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/movies/sushant-singh-rajput-performances.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Before the release of his debut film ''Kai Po Che!'', Rajput was signed in by [[Rajkumar Hirani]] for a role in the [[Aamir Khan]]-starrer satirical drama called [[PK (film)|''PK'']].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Prashant|date=16 November 2012|title=Rajkumar Hirani confirms Sushant Singh Rajput for P.K.|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rajkumar-hirani-confirms-sushant-singh-rajput-for-p-k/story-cDAeCaVy8jBmY451Dm0hzK.html|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215521/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rajkumar-hirani-confirms-sushant-singh-rajput-for-p-k/story-cDAeCaVy8jBmY451Dm0hzK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the film, he was cast as the boyfriend to [[Anushka Sharma]]'s character of a journalist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 September 2014|title=Aamir Khan's PK poster number 3: Behold the zombie policeman|url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/aamir-khans-pk-poster-number-3-behold-the-zombie-policeman-1715009.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217211033/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/aamir-khans-pk-poster-number-3-behold-the-zombie-policeman-1715009.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He also entered into a deal with [[Yash Raj Films]] beginning with the starring role in the film ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''.<ref name=":0" /> The film was a romantic comedy, where Rajput played the character of Raghu Ram Sitaram, a tour guide who fell in love with a woman on the way to his own marriage, it featured [[Parineeti Chopra]] and [[Vaani Kapoor]].<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pal|first=Deepanjana|date=8 September 2013|title=Shuddh Desi Romance review: Twenty seven kisses and a happy ending|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shuddh-desi-romance-review-twenty-seven-kisses-and-a-happy-ending-1090041.html|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Firstpost|archive-date=31 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831170220/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shuddh-desi-romance-review-twenty-seven-kisses-and-a-happy-ending-1090041.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Shuddh Desi Romance'' was released in 2013 and became a [[sleeper hit]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Nairita|date=7 September 2020|title=Monday Masala: How Sushant Singh Rajput's Shuddh Desi Romance was the millennial live-in definer|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/monday-masala-how-sushant-singh-rajput-s-shuddh-desi-romance-was-the-millennial-live-in-definer-1719461-2020-09-07|access-date=8 September 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907225724/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/monday-masala-how-sushant-singh-rajput-s-shuddh-desi-romance-was-the-millennial-live-in-definer-1719461-2020-09-07|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the release of his first two films, Rajput was described by the veteran director [[Shekhar Kapur]] as "one of the most inspiring young actors to emerge out of India" and was occasionally referred to as the "next [[SRK]]".<ref name=":0" /> The film ''PK'' was later released in 2014 and became the [[highest grossing Indian film]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cain|first=Rob|date=27 September 2015|title=India's 'PK' Crosses 300 Crore Overseas in Bid To Retain Global Box Office Crown|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/09/27/9-months-on-pk-still-fighting-to-retain-global-box-office-crown/|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102180759/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/09/27/9-months-on-pk-still-fighting-to-retain-global-box-office-crown/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title='PK' highest grossing film in India, earns Rs 285.37 crore|work=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pk-highest-grossing-film-in-india-earns-rs-285-37-crore-115010300455_1.html|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129053743/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pk-highest-grossing-film-in-india-earns-rs-285-37-crore-115010300455_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2013, Yash Raj Films and [[Dibakar Banerjee]] Productions announced the joint production of ''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]'' with Sushant Singh Rajput in the starring role.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2013|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to play Detective Byomkesh Bakshi|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-detective-byomkesh-bakshi-612556|website=NDTV Movies|language=en|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330091206/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-detective-byomkesh-bakshi-612556|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 June 2013|title=Dibakar Banerjee to reboot "Byomkesh Bakshy" for YRF|work=Deccan Herald|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/341498/dibakar-banerjee-reboot-byomkesh-bakshy.html|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215524/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/341498/dibakar-banerjee-reboot-byomkesh-bakshy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput began working on the new project following the release of his second film ''Shuddh Desi Romance''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 September 2013|title=Sushant to take preparatory leave for '... Byomkesh Bakshi'|work=Business Standard|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sushant-to-take-preparatory-leave-for-byomkesh-bakshi-113090300558_1.html|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321233258/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sushant-to-take-preparatory-leave-for-byomkesh-bakshi-113090300558_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a [[Mystery film|mystery]] [[Action-thriller film|action-thriller]] featuring Byomkesh Bakshi, a fictional detective originally created by the Bengali writer [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saltz|first=Rachel|date=5 April 2015|title=Review: 'Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!,' a Calcutta Whodunit|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/movies/review-detective-byomkesh-bakshy-a-calcutta-whodunit.html|access-date=9 September 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=9 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909121519/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/movies/review-detective-byomkesh-bakshy-a-calcutta-whodunit.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dibakar Banerjee, the director of the film and the IP rights holder of [[Byomkesh Bakshi]] stories had signed him in to play the part of the protagonist.<ref name=":0" /> Before the release, Rajput made a special appearance in the [[police crime drama]] ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' in the character of Byomkesh Bakshy.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=Roy|first=Gitanjali|date=31 March 2015|title=21st Century Byomkesh? Sushant Singh Rajput, Dibakar Banerjee on the Possibilities of Time Travel|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/21st-century-byomkesh-sushant-singh-rajput-dibakar-banerjee-on-the-possibilities-of-time-travel-751021|access-date=17 September 2020|website=NDTV Movies|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611164017/https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/21st-century-byomkesh-sushant-singh-rajput-dibakar-banerjee-on-the-possibilities-of-time-travel-751021|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released on 3 April 2015,<ref>{{cite news|author=Deepanjana Pal|date=6 April 2015|title=Detective Byomkesh Bakshy review: Stylish, beautiful and yet Dibakar's most underwhelming film so far|work=[[Firstpost]]|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/detective-byomkesh-bakshy-review-stylish-beautiful-and-yet-dibakars-most-underwhelming-film-so-far-2184271.html|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-date=25 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425121923/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/detective-byomkesh-bakshy-review-stylish-beautiful-and-yet-dibakars-most-underwhelming-film-so-far-2184271.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and failed to perform well in the [[box office]], but received positive critical reviews.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Devesh|date=10 July 2020|title=Best of the best! Sushant Singh Rajput's most memorable performances|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/best-of-the-best-sushant-singh-rajputs-most-memorable-performances-42138.html|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808183547/https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/best-of-the-best-sushant-singh-rajputs-most-memorable-performances-42138.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhaskar|first=Swara|date=5 July 2020|title=The outsider who conquered Bollywood|url=https://www.theweek.in/columns/swara-bhasker/2020/06/25/the-outsider-who-conquered-bollywood.html|access-date=9 September 2020|website=The Week|language=en|archive-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908210321/https://www.theweek.in/columns/swara-bhasker/2020/06/25/the-outsider-who-conquered-bollywood.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2013, Rajput began collaborating with Shekhar Kapur for his upcoming project ''Paani'', a film set in the future that showcased a world where wars were being fought over water.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|date=17 September 2013|title=Sushant Singh Rajput bags Shekhar Kapur's Paani|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sushant-singh-rajput-bags-shekhar-kapurs-paani/1170287/|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=29 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229133750/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sushant-singh-rajput-bags-shekhar-kapurs-paani/1170287/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was initially reported to be starred by [[Hrithik Roshan]] and then [[Vivek Oberoi]] but finally went to Rajput after Yash Raj Films entered in its co-production and opted for his inclusion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2017|title=Not Sushant Singh Rajput, Ranveer Singh might be lead in Shekhar Kapur's Paani|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/not-sushant-singh-rajput-ranveer-singh-might-be-lead-in-shekhar-kapurs-paani-4111467.html|access-date=11 September 2020|website=Firstpost|archive-date=28 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828123624/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/not-sushant-singh-rajput-ranveer-singh-might-be-lead-in-shekhar-kapurs-paani-4111467.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He had reportedly attended workshops with Kapur for 10 months before the project was suspended in 2015 when the Yash Raj Films backed out of it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Purandare|first=Kunal|date=2 July 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: The Confident Craftsman|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/sushant-singh-rajput-the-confident-craftsman/47427/1|access-date=11 September 2020|website=Forbes India|language=en|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711101926/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/sushant-singh-rajput-the-confident-craftsman/47427/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=Shekhar Kapur Says What Happened to Sushant Singh Rajput is 'Karma of People Who Let Him Down'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shekhar-kapur-says-what-happened-to-sushant-singh-rajput-is-karma-of-people-who-let-him-down-2670687.html|website=News18|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=24 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824102047/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shekhar-kapur-says-what-happened-to-sushant-singh-rajput-is-karma-of-people-who-let-him-down-2670687.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the aftermath, Rajput ended his contract with the production house.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 December 2015|title=Sushant Singh Rajput no longer associated with YRF|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151210/entertainment-bollywood/article/sushant-singh-rajput-no-longer-associated-yrf|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406194136/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151210/entertainment-bollywood/article/sushant-singh-rajput-no-longer-associated-yrf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2016–2017: Dhoni biopic, ''Raabta'' and ''Kedarnath'' ===
In 2011, a biopic on the life of the [[Indian cricket team]] captain [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] was conceived by Dhoni's manager, Arun Pandey.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|date=24 July 2020|title=3 Sushant Singh Rajput movies on Disney+ Hotstar & Netflix that grossed over Rs 100 crore|url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/3-sushant-singh-rajput-on-movies-disney-hotstar-netflix-watch-grossed-rs-100-crore/|website=GQ India|language=en-IN|access-date=10 September 2020|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810221920/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/3-sushant-singh-rajput-on-movies-disney-hotstar-netflix-watch-grossed-rs-100-crore/|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was initially faced with various difficulties including objections from the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) and Dhoni's demand for a large royalty.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Apurva|date=25 September 2014|editor-last=Sharma|editor-first=Sarika|title=First look of MS Dhoni biopic: Sushant Singh Rajput will play the lead|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/unveiled-first-look-of-sushant-singh-rajput-in-and-as-m-s-dhoni/|access-date=10 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801164711/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/unveiled-first-look-of-sushant-singh-rajput-in-and-as-m-s-dhoni/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=25 September 2014|title=Actor Rajput set to play Dhoni in biopic|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actor-rajput-set-to-play-dhoni-in-biopic/article6446266.ece|access-date=10 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926161750/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actor-rajput-set-to-play-dhoni-in-biopic/article6446266.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 September 2014, Sushant Singh Rajput was announced as the actor who would play the role of Dhoni in the biopic which was titled ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' and directed by [[Neeraj Pandey]].<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chakravarty|first=Shubodeep|date=25 September 2014|title=First look of MS Dhoni biopic: Sushant Singh Rajput plays lead|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-and-the-untold-story-movie-1512262|access-date=10 September 2020|website=NDTV Sports|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215525/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-and-the-untold-story-movie-1512262|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was centered around the life of the cricketer beginning with his childhood in the city of [[Ranchi]] and leading up to the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] victory for India under his captaincy.<ref name=":11" /> Incidentally, Rajput wasn't adept at cricket and had to train regularly in the game for 13 months as well as capture the playing style of Dhoni for his portrayal in the film,<ref name=":14" /> he was coached by [[Kiran More]] who reportedly trained him in the regimen of a professional sportsperson rather than as an actor.<ref name="News18">{{cite web|date=18 September 2016|editor-last=Tulsiani|editor-first=Kriti|title=Not Trying To Glorify MS Dhoni: Sushant Singh Rajput Opens Up About His Upcoming Film|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/we-are-not-trying-to-glorify-ms-dhoni-sushant-singh-rajput-opens-up-about-his-upcoming-film-1293191.html|access-date=4 October 2016|work=[[News18]]|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|archive-date=21 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921110424/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/we-are-not-trying-to-glorify-ms-dhoni-sushant-singh-rajput-opens-up-about-his-upcoming-film-1293191.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by Arun Pandey with [[Fox Star Studios]] and released on 2 October 2016.<ref name="RK">{{cite web|date=3 October 2016|title=MS Dhoni The Untold Story box office collection day 10: Sushant Singh Rajput-starrer mints Rs 66 cr|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-box-office-collection-day-4-sushant-singh-rajput-starrer-mints-rs-66-cr-3063170/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=22 December 2016|archive-date=23 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223062147/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-box-office-collection-day-4-sushant-singh-rajput-starrer-mints-rs-66-cr-3063170/|url-status=live}}</ref> It became the 5th highest grossing Bollywood film of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=MS Dhoni very morose after Sushant Singh Rajput's passing: Manager Arun Pandey|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/he-s-pretty-morose-manager-arun-pandey-on-ms-dhoni-s-reaction-to-sushant-singh-rajput-s-death/story-jY975f2xI78T9E8fjRkkyN.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=10 September 2020|archive-date=17 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817132141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/he-s-pretty-morose-manager-arun-pandey-on-ms-dhoni-s-reaction-to-sushant-singh-rajput-s-death/story-jY975f2xI78T9E8fjRkkyN.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput received critical acclaim for his performance and nominations to a number of awards,<ref name=":16" /> including the Filmfare Awards, the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] and the winning nomination at the [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy|first=Gitanjali|date=10 January 2017|title=Filmfare Awards Nominations Revealed. Akshay Kumar Ignored, Twitter Outraged – NDTV Movies|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-nominations-revealed-akshay-kumar-ignored-twitter-outraged-1647126|access-date=10 September 2020|website=NDTV Movies|language=en|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118121521/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/filmfare-awards-nominations-revealed-akshay-kumar-ignored-twitter-outraged-1647126|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":21" /><ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput on Best Actor win at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne|language=en|work=The Indian Express|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-on-best-actor-win-at-the-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-4793497/|access-date=10 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930194024/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-on-best-actor-win-at-the-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-4793497/|url-status=live}}</ref> He also made a [[cameo appearance]] in the comedy film ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]'',<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|date=23 February 2018|title='Welcome to New York' film review: A Bollywood surgery performed with a butter knife|url=https://scroll.in/article/869712/welcome-to-new-york-film-review-a-bollywood-surgery-performed-with-a-butter-knife|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525145744/https://scroll.in/article/869712/welcome-to-new-york-film-review-a-bollywood-surgery-performed-with-a-butter-knife|url-status=live}}</ref> which was released on 23 February 2018 and where the lead characters met Rajput but confused him for Mahendra Singh Dhoni.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2018|title=Welcome To New York trailer: Diljit Dosanjh, Sonakshi Sinha, Karan Johar's confused event of the year|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/welcome-to-new-york-trailer-diljit-dosanjh-sonakshi-sinha-karan-johar-s-confused-event-of-the-year/story-3vMZGtSrDi4khjDplG4icO.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=17 September 2020|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124033146/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/welcome-to-new-york-trailer-diljit-dosanjh-sonakshi-sinha-karan-johar-s-confused-event-of-the-year/story-3vMZGtSrDi4khjDplG4icO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Sushant Singh Rajput & Kriti Sanon promoting their film RAABTA at Kolkata, by Sourendra Kumar Das, Sou BoyyJPG.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Rajput with [[Kriti Sanon]] at a promotional event for ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'']]
During the release of ''M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'', Rajput in an interview had stated that he was signed up to do five more films; namely ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'', ''Takadum'', ''Chanda Mama Door Ke'', another biopic of an athlete and a film produced by [[Dharma Productions]] featuring [[Jacqueline Fernandez]].<ref name=":182">{{Cite news|date=2 September 2016|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to star in space film|work=The Indian Express|agency=Indo-Asian News Servicee|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-star-in-space-film-3009505/|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911084009/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-star-in-space-film-3009505/|url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier in 2014, reports had emerged that Rajput was being signed in alongside [[Alia Bhatt]] for the starring roles in the largest budget production of the producer–directors [[Homi Adajania]] and [[Dinesh Vijan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gera|first=Sonal|date=30 November 2014|title=Alia Bhatt, Sushant Singh Rajput to share screen space in Homi Adajania's next|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sushant-singh-rajput-to-share-screen-space-in-homi-adajanias-next/|access-date=12 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113132827/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sushant-singh-rajput-to-share-screen-space-in-homi-adajanias-next/|url-status=live}}</ref> In an announcement in February 2015, the film titled ''Raabta'', produced by the Vijan owned [[Maddock Films]] and co-directed by Adajania and Vijan was publicised where Rajput and Bhatt were in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 February 2015|title=Homi Adajania and Dinesh Vijan's co-directorial venture is titled Raabta|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/homi-adajania-and-dinesh-vijans-co-directorial-venture-is-titled-raabta/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=2 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702021413/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/homi-adajania-and-dinesh-vijans-co-directorial-venture-is-titled-raabta/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhatt however decided to opt out of the project in the same year,<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 June 2015|title=Alia Bhatt opts out of Homi Adajania's next opposite Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-bows-out-homi-adajanias-next-opposite-sushant-singh-rajput/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=11 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911204730/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-bows-out-homi-adajanias-next-opposite-sushant-singh-rajput/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the role of the female lead eventually went to [[Kriti Sanon]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 December 2015|title=Kriti Sanon Says Film With Sushant Singh Rajput is 'Unusual'|work=NDTV Movies|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/kriti-sanon-says-film-with-sushant-singh-rajput-is-unusual-1252089|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824030721/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/kriti-sanon-says-film-with-sushant-singh-rajput-is-unusual-1252089|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput and Sanon later featured in a 2017 [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] music video of the song named ''Paas Aao'', composed by the duo [[Armaan Malik|Armaan]] and [[Amaal Mallik]].<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Arushi|date=7 July 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput, Kriti Sanon song 'Paas Aao' brings them closer and we are just not complaining|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-kriti-sanon-song-paas-aao-brings-them-closer-and-we-are-just-not-complaining-see-photos-4739961/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426113630/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-kriti-sanon-song-paas-aao-brings-them-closer-and-we-are-just-not-complaining-see-photos-4739961/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, he was featured for first time in the ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s ''Top 100 Celebrity'' list.<ref name="Forbes 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/|title=2017 Celebrity 100|magazine=Forbes India|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref>

The second biopic that Rajput was to feature in was tentatively titled as ''Murli: The Unsung Hero'', where he would play the role of the disabled ''[[Private (rank)#India and Pakistan|jawan]]'' turned [[Paralympics]] gold medalist [[Murlikant Petkar]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 March 2016|title=Sushant's next- biopic on Paralympic gold medallist Murlikant Petkar|work=United News of India|url=http://www.uniindia.com/sushant-s-next-biopic-on-paralympic-gold-medallist-murlikant-petkar/entertainment/news/400864.html#:~:text=The%20biopic%2C%20to%20be%20scripted,huge%20fan%20of%20the%20actor.&text=The%20actor%20said%20he%20decided,be%20an%20inspiration%20to%20many.|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321165700/http://www.uniindia.com/sushant-s-next-biopic-on-paralympic-gold-medallist-murlikant-petkar/entertainment/news/400864.html#:~:text=The%20biopic%2C%20to%20be%20scripted,huge%20fan%20of%20the%20actor.&text=The%20actor%20said%20he%20decided,be%20an%20inspiration%20to%20many.|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2016, Rajput along with Parineeti Chopra and [[Irrfan Khan]] were also announced as the lead of the Adajania directed film called ''Takadum'' with shooting scheduled to begin in October but the project was being put on hold due to issues related to script re-adaptation.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 April 2017|title=Homi Adajania: Takadum starring Sushant Singh Rajput, Parineeti Chopra is not shelved|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/homi-adajania-takadum-starring-sushant-singh-rajput-parineeti-choprais-not-shelved-4624703/|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518045059/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/homi-adajania-takadum-starring-sushant-singh-rajput-parineeti-choprais-not-shelved-4624703/|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, the announcement of Rajput's role in ''Chanda Mama Door Ke'' had come in September 2016.<ref name=":182" /> In the film which was to be directed by [[Sanjay Puran Singh]], Rajput would have starred alongside [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and was cast in the role of an astronaut, for which he was even sent to [[NASA]] on a training module in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goyal|first=Divya|date=2 August 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput Trains at NASA To Play Astronaut in Chanda Mama Door Ke|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-trains-at-nasa-to-play-astronaut-in-chanda-mama-door-ke-1732381|access-date=14 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928110744/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-trains-at-nasa-to-play-astronaut-in-chanda-mama-door-ke-1732381|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also cast as the lead in the [[spy thriller]] film ''[[Romeo Akbar Walter]]'' in 2017,<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2017|title=Romeo Akbar Walter first look: Is Sushant Singh Rajput a RAW agent?|work=Hindustan Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-shares-first-look-of-romeo-akbar-walter/story-j5jRSTExv4ozahOhuPv7bI.html|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002013444/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-shares-first-look-of-romeo-akbar-walter/story-j5jRSTExv4ozahOhuPv7bI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> however he quit the project in the same year reportedly causing displeasure to the producer [[Bunty Walia]] who had publicised the film with him on the cover.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coutinho|first=Natasha|date=25 October 2015|title=Bunty Walia: Sushant Singh Rajput's sudden exit from RAW shocked us|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bunty-walia-sushant-singh-rajputs-sudden-exit-from-raw-shocked-us/articleshow/61212605.cms|access-date=22 September 2020|website=Mumbai Mirror|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001165548/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bunty-walia-sushant-singh-rajputs-sudden-exit-from-raw-shocked-us/articleshow/61212605.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Abhishek|date=27 October 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput opts out of RAW: Will Bollywood put a check on actors' unprofessional behavior?|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-opts-out-of-raw-will-bollywood-put-a-check-on-actors-unprofessional-behavior-4179093.html|access-date=22 September 2020|website=Firstpost|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230904/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-opts-out-of-raw-will-bollywood-put-a-check-on-actors-unprofessional-behavior-4179093.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later in December 2017, it was announced that he was signed in by [[Abhishek Chaubey]], the director of ''[[Udta Punjab]]'' for his next film titled ''[[Sonchiriya]]'', where he would star alongside [[Bhumi Pednekar]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 December 2017|title=Son Chiraiya: Udta Punjab director's next is based on the dacoits of Chambal|work=Hindustan Times|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/son-chiraiya-udta-punjab-director-s-next-is-based-on-the-dacoits-of-chambal/story-HKcodpGE3OnSyYWeT4EtrM.html|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001223637/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/son-chiraiya-udta-punjab-director-s-next-is-based-on-the-dacoits-of-chambal/story-HKcodpGE3OnSyYWeT4EtrM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Raabta'' was released on 9 June 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Misra|first=Tishya|date=12 June 2017|title=Raabta Box Office Collection Day 3: Sushant Singh Rajput's Film Collects Rs 15.93 Crore|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/raabta-box-office-collection-day-3-sushant-singh-rajputs-film-collects-rs-15-93-crore-1711260|access-date=12 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811223043/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/raabta-box-office-collection-day-3-sushant-singh-rajputs-film-collects-rs-15-93-crore-1711260|url-status=live}}</ref> which subsequently received mixed reviews from critics and emerged as a flop in the box office, unable to recover its large production cost.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Madhukalya|first=Anwesha|date=20 December 2017|title=Here are the most disappointing Bollywood movies of 2017|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/most-disappointing-bollywood-movies-2017/story/266364.html|access-date=12 September 2020|website=Business Today|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126135645/http://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/most-disappointing-bollywood-movies-2017/story/266364.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a time transcending love story,<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|date=9 June 2017|title=Raabta Movie Review: Sushant Singh Rajput Occasionally Breathes Life Into This Vacuum|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/raabta-movie-review-sushant-singh-rajput-occasionally-breathes-life-into-this-vacuum-1710209|access-date=12 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812040649/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/raabta-movie-review-sushant-singh-rajput-occasionally-breathes-life-into-this-vacuum-1710209|url-status=live}}</ref> where Sushant Singh Rajput played the role of two characters who were reincarnations of each other.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 June 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: actor on the edge|language=en|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-on-the-edge/article18862199.ece|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=16 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916234559/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-on-the-edge/article18862199.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> While the filming was primarily carried out in the city of Budapest, [[Hungary]], in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and in the island country of [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 June 2017|title=Sushant Singh & Kriti Sanon visit city to promote their upcoming film Raabta|work=United News of India|location=Kolkata|url=http://www.uniindia.com/sushant-singh-kriti-sanon-visit-city-to-promote-their-upcoming-film-raabta/entertainment/fullstory/892741.html|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914183106/http://www.uniindia.com/sushant-singh-kriti-sanon-visit-city-to-promote-their-upcoming-film-raabta/entertainment/fullstory/892741.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier in March 2017, Rajput had also begun shooting alongside Jacqueline Fernandez for [[Karan Johar]]'s Dharma Productions film, by then titled as ''[[Drive (2019 film)|Drive]]''.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Misra|first=Tishya|date=1 March 2017|title=Drive First Poster: Sushant Singh Rajput And Jacqueline Fernandez Are All Set To Thrill You On March 2|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/drive-first-poster-sushant-singh-rajput-and-jacqueline-fernandez-are-all-set-to-thrill-you-on-march--1729616|access-date=15 September 2020|website=NDTV Movies|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812050134/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/drive-first-poster-sushant-singh-rajput-and-jacqueline-fernandez-are-all-set-to-thrill-you-on-march--1729616|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2017|title=Dharma's new film Drive starring Sushant Singh Rajput, Jacqueline Fernandez starts shoot|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandezs-action-adventure-drive-gets-flagged-off-3311102.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225065704/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandezs-action-adventure-drive-gets-flagged-off-3311102.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Tarun Mansukhani]] and was a prequel to the 2014 film ''[[Bang Bang!]]'',<ref name=":18" /> that had featured [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Katrina Kaif]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|date=2 October 2014|title='Bang Bang!': Hrithik Roshan is back, guns and eyes blazing|url=http://scroll.in/article/681806/bang-bang-hrithik-roshan-is-back-guns-and-eyes-blazing|access-date=15 September 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031115440/https://scroll.in/article/681806/bang-bang-hrithik-roshan-is-back-guns-and-eyes-blazing|url-status=live}}</ref> Part of the shooting occurred in the city of [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] which was promoted by the [[Government of Israel]] as a part of its tourism and diplomatic initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Surkes|first=Sue|date=10 October 2017|title=Wooed by Israel funding, Bollywood movie filmed in Tel Aviv|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/wooed-by-israel-funding-bollywood-movie-filmed-in-tel-aviv/|access-date=15 September 2020|website=Times of Israel|language=en-US|archive-date=23 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623190533/https://www.timesofisrael.com/wooed-by-israel-funding-bollywood-movie-filmed-in-tel-aviv/|url-status=live}}</ref> The release was initially scheduled for 2 March 2018, but in a February announcement, the date was moved to 7 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2018|title=Sushant Singh Rajput, Jacqueline Fernandez's Drive postponed, to release on Sept 7|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez-s-drive-postponed-to-release-on-sept-7/story-XjxTNpjRJAhDEpndgruVkI.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=22 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222171447/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez-s-drive-postponed-to-release-on-sept-7/story-XjxTNpjRJAhDEpndgruVkI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The release was however postponed for a second time with no fixed release date due to creative disagreements between the director Mansukhani and the producer Karan Johar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2018|title=Has Sushant Singh Rajput, Jacqueline Fernandez-starrer Drive been indefinitely postponed? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/has-sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez-starrer-drive-been-indefinitely-postponed-4598461.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=28 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828181256/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/has-sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez-starrer-drive-been-indefinitely-postponed-4598461.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the meantime in March 2017, Rajput was signed in by the director Abhishek Kapoor and the producer Ekta Kapoor for their film called ''Kedarnath''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to reunite with Ekta Kapoor and Abhishek Kapoor for his next?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-reunite-with-ekta-kapoor-and-abhishek-kapoor-for-his-next-film-kedarnath-4577610/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215525/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-reunite-with-ekta-kapoor-and-abhishek-kapoor-for-his-next-film-kedarnath-4577610/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a love story set in the backdrop of the [[2013 North India floods|2013 floods in Uttarakhand]], where Rajput co-starred with [[Sara Ali Khan]].<ref name="Jain 2018">{{cite web|last=Jain|first=Arushi|date=12 November 2018|title=Kedarnath trailer: Sara Ali Khan looks promising in this unique tale of love|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-trailer-sara-ali-khan-sushant-singh-rajput-5442592/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614163645/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-trailer-sara-ali-khan-sushant-singh-rajput-5442592/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":35">{{Cite web|date=7 December 2019|title=Sara Ali Khan celebrates one year of Bollywood debut, tells Sushant Singh Rajput 'couldn't have asked for a better Pithoo to carry me'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sara-ali-khan-celebrates-one-year-of-bollywood-debut-tells-sushant-singh-rajput-couldn-t-have-asked-for-a-better-pithoo-to-carry-me/story-wC8Sbz58ZA5ku9hntHDX7L.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=14 October 2020|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111225022/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sara-ali-khan-celebrates-one-year-of-bollywood-debut-tells-sushant-singh-rajput-couldn-t-have-asked-for-a-better-pithoo-to-carry-me/story-wC8Sbz58ZA5ku9hntHDX7L.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He played the character of Mansoor, a Muslim porter who was also a devotee of [[Lord Shiva]] and whose livelihood revolved around the [[Kedarnath Temple|Shiv temple at Kedarnath]].<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20">{{Cite web|last1=Nathan|first1=Archana|last2=Ramnath|first2=Nandini|date=4 December 2018|title=In the movies, young love is an uphill climb and the Hindu-Muslim romance even more so|url=https://scroll.in/reel/903989/kedarnath-young-love-is-an-uphill-climb-and-the-hindu-muslim-romance-even-more-so|access-date=16 September 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806224740/https://scroll.in/reel/903989/kedarnath-young-love-is-an-uphill-climb-and-the-hindu-muslim-romance-even-more-so|url-status=live}}</ref> The shooting of the film began in September 2017 and was set to release by June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Misra|first=Tishya|date=31 August 2017|title=Sara Ali Khan Prays at Kedarnath Temple With Co-Star Sushant Singh Rajput Before Filming Begins|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sara-ali-khan-prays-at-kedarnath-temple-with-co-star-sushant-singh-rajput-before-filming-begins-1744281|access-date=16 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812045534/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sara-ali-khan-prays-at-kedarnath-temple-with-co-star-sushant-singh-rajput-before-filming-begins-1744281|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2017|title=Kedarnath poster: Can we have faith in Sushant Singh Rajput, Sara Ali Khan without seeing them?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kedarnath-poster-can-we-have-faith-in-sushant-singh-rajput-sara-ali-khan-without-seeing-them/story-PVmodSoaWKMtQzvyiZiNeM.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611185217/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kedarnath-poster-can-we-have-faith-in-sushant-singh-rajput-sara-ali-khan-without-seeing-them/story-PVmodSoaWKMtQzvyiZiNeM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During the shooting, Abhishek Kapoor who had previously been the director of Rajput's debut film ''Kai Po Che!'', stated that Rajput was in much better form for ''Kedarnath'' and expected it to become an even bigger success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Arushi|date=4 September 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput better prepared for Kedarnath: Director Abhishek Kapoor|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-sushant-singh-rajput-abhishek-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-see-photo-4827884/|access-date=16 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008190024/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-sushant-singh-rajput-abhishek-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-see-photo-4827884/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film however soon became embroidered in controversy as the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] alleged that it was promoting Jihad by showing an [[Interfaith marriage|interfaith couple]] and called for the imposition of a ban on it.<ref name=":20" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 November 2018|title=BJP leader seeks ban on film|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-leader-seeks-ban-on-film/article25465399.ece|access-date=16 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215527/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-leader-seeks-ban-on-film/article25465399.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In the end, the film was banned from screening in 7 out of 13 districts in [[Uttarakhand]] and released on 7 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 December 2018|title=Abhishek Kapoor Requests Uttarakhand Government to Lift Ban on 'Kedarnath'|work=The Wire|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://thewire.in/film/abhishek-kapoor-requests-uttarakhand-government-to-lift-ban-on-kedarnath|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211120423/https://thewire.in/film/abhishek-kapoor-requests-uttarakhand-government-to-lift-ban-on-kedarnath|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 December 2018|title=Kedarnath banned in 7 Uttarakhand districts after protests by Hindu outfits|work=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/kedarnath-banned-in-7-uttarakhand-districts-after-protests-by-hindu-outfits-118120700361_1.html|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207144929/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/kedarnath-banned-in-7-uttarakhand-districts-after-protests-by-hindu-outfits-118120700361_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the ban, it became a commercial success,<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2018|title=Bollywood Box Office: Rajinikanth's 2.0 is unstoppable while Sara Ali Khan's Kedarnath continues steadfast run|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/bollywood-box-office-rajinikanths-2-0-is-unstoppable-while-sara-ali-khans-kedarnath-continues-steadfast-run/1414558/|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=16 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216121549/https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/bollywood-box-office-rajinikanths-2-0-is-unstoppable-while-sara-ali-khans-kedarnath-continues-steadfast-run/1414558/|url-status=live}}</ref> although it didn't completely meet the projected success in the box office.<ref name=":3" /> Following the release, it was the second highest grossing among Rajput's starring films after the Dhoni biopic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 December 2018|title=Kedarnath box office collection Day 9: Sara Ali Khan-starrer keeps going strong in second week|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/kedarnath-box-office-collection-day-9-sara-ali-khan-starrer-keeps-going-strong-in-second-week/story/301232.html|website=Business Today|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523174831/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/kedarnath-box-office-collection-day-9-sara-ali-khan-starrer-keeps-going-strong-in-second-week/story/301232.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2018–2020: Entrepreneurial work and later career ===
[[File:SSR & Sara Ali Khan in Kedarnath.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Rajput and [[Sara Ali Khan]] on the set of ''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]'' (2018)]]
On 2 May 2018, Rajput was inducted as a partner in a company named Innsaei Ventures, which was founded on 26 April 2018; following which he was appointed as one of its three directors, the others being Varun Mathur and Saurabh Mishra.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput Case: Who is Varun Mathur?|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/sushant-singh-rajput-case-who-is-varun-mathur|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930175055/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/sushant-singh-rajput-case-who-is-varun-mathur|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput and Mathur were credited as the co-founders and set to make an investment of {{INRConvert|3|b|lk=r|year=2018}} in the company.<ref name=":24">{{cite news|last=Jamkhandikar|first=Shilpa|date=18 May 2018|title=Actor Sushant Singh Rajput bets on VR with new venture|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/sushant-singh-rajput/actor-sushant-singh-rajput-bets-on-vr-with-new-venture-idINKCN1IJ14M|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813180328/https://in.reuters.com/article/sushant-singh-rajput/actor-sushant-singh-rajput-bets-on-vr-with-new-venture-idINKCN1IJ14M|url-status=dead}}</ref> The company was named Innsaei after the [[Icelandic language|Icelandic word]] for Institution and marketed as working in the fields related to [[intellectual property]] and [[emerging technologies]].<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2018|title=Kedarnath actor Sushant Singh Rajput turns entrepreneur with Innsaei|language=en|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-entrepreneurial-debut-innsaei-5182139/|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813201808/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-entrepreneurial-debut-innsaei-5182139/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":24" /> Within a week, he was signed in by [[NITI Aayog]] to become a brand ambassador of the [[Women Entrepreneurship Platform]] and for the promotion of the [[BHIM mobile payment app]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mihindukulasuriya|first=Regina|date=24 May 2018|title=Actor Sushant Singh Rajput to Promote Dipping Bhim App Usage and Women Entrepreneurship for Niti Aayog|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Actor-Sushant-Singh-Rajput-to-Promote-Dipping-Bhim-App-Usage-and-Women-Entrepreneurship-for-Niti-Aayog/24-05-2018-150133|access-date=21 September 2020|website=BW Businessworld|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218075047/http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Actor-Sushant-Singh-Rajput-to-Promote-Dipping-Bhim-App-Usage-and-Women-Entrepreneurship-for-Niti-Aayog/24-05-2018-150133/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2018|title=NITI Aayog signs Sushant Singh Rajput as brand ambassador|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/media-and-advertising/people/niti-aayog-signs-sushant-singh-rajput-as-brand-ambassador-180528|website=IndianTelevision.com|language=en|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814002922/http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/media-and-advertising/people/niti-aayog-signs-sushant-singh-rajput-as-brand-ambassador-180528|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Innsaei Ventures set up a fund of {{INRConvert|200|m|year=2018}} in favour of the Women Entrepreneurship Platform.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Guha|first1=Kunal|last2=Ghosh|first2=Labonita|date=10 June 2018|title=Bollywood goes to the boardroom|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/bollywood-goes-to-the-boardroom/articleshow/64525923.cms|access-date=21 September 2020|website=Mumbai Mirror|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617043033/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/bollywood-goes-to-the-boardroom/articleshow/64525923.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Rajput announced the first creative product of Innsaei Ventures, a 12 biopic series where he would play the roles of various Indian historical characters between the years of 540 BC to 2015 CE.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Basu|first=Nilanjana|date=31 July 2018|title=Sushant Singh Rajput As Chanakya And APJ Abdul Kalam And More in 12 Part Biopic Series|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-as-chanakya-and-apj-abdul-kalam-and-more-in-12-part-biopic-series-1893048|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813175128/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-as-chanakya-and-apj-abdul-kalam-and-more-in-12-part-biopic-series-1893048|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=31 July 2018|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to play Chanakya, Kalam in 12 episode series biopic|work=Hindustan Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-chanakya-kalam-in-12-episode-series-biopic/story-4wY8H0wl4YBWnJUG6wxJJP.html|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004035835/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-chanakya-kalam-in-12-episode-series-biopic/story-4wY8H0wl4YBWnJUG6wxJJP.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 2018, Rajput began shooting for the film ''[[Sonchiriya]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2018|title=After Deepika Padukone, Sushant Singh Rajput's pics go viral|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-padukone-sushant-singh-rajputs-pics-go-viral-1502579034.html|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001232701/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-padukone-sushant-singh-rajputs-pics-go-viral-1502579034.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a [[historical drama]] set in the 1970s, where he played the role of a character named Lakhna, a lieutenant in a gang of [[dacoits]]; he was in the lead role alongside Bhumi Pednekar, [[Manoj Bajpayee]], [[Ranvir Shorey]] and [[Ashutosh Rana]].<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":13" /> The film was directed by Abhishek Chaubey, produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]] and featured the real life character of [[Daku Man Singh]], played by Bajpayee.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2019|title=Real Story of Sonchiriya movie: Inspired by the life of Daku Man Singh, dacoit who was known as the 'Robin Hood' in Chambal valley|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/real-story-of-sonchiriya-based-on-the-true-story-of-daku-man-singh-the-dacoit-whos-worshipped-by-his-villagers-dacoits-of-chambal-valley-sonchiriya-real-story|website=GQ India|language=en-IN|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301191716/https://www.gqindia.com/content/real-story-of-sonchiriya-based-on-the-true-story-of-daku-man-singh-the-dacoit-whos-worshipped-by-his-villagers-dacoits-of-chambal-valley-sonchiriya-real-story/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Panchal|first=Komal RJ|date=8 February 2019|title=Ronnie Screwvala: Sonchiriya is a genre-breaking film|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ronnie-screwvala-on-sonchiriya-5575315/|access-date=23 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213004424/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ronnie-screwvala-on-sonchiriya-5575315/|url-status=live}}</ref> Released on 1 March 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2019|title=Sonchiriya box office collection Day 3: Sushant Singh Rajput film earns Rs 4.60 crore|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/sonchiriya-day-3-sushant-singh-rajput-bhumi-pednekar-5609020/|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001222221/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/sonchiriya-day-3-sushant-singh-rajput-bhumi-pednekar-5609020/|url-status=live}}</ref> it received a positive critical reception and won a number of awards but failed to become a commercial success.<ref name=":19" /> In 2018, he was also signed in by [[Nitesh Tiwari]], the director of the [[blockbuster film]] ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' for his new film titled ''[[Chhichhore]]'', whose shooting began in September.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 September 2018|title=Nitesh Tiwari starts shooting his next, 'Chhichhore'|work=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nitesh-tiwari-starts-shooting-his-next-chhichhore-118093000120_1.html|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001143338/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/nitesh-tiwari-starts-shooting-his-next-chhichhore-118093000120_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a [[romantic comedy]] where Rajput played the character of Anirudh Pathak,<ref name=":36">{{Cite web|last=Sharm|first=Divyanshi|date=14 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput commits suicide: Kai Po Che to Chhichhore, his Bollywood journey|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sushant-singh-rajput-commits-suicide-kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-his-bollywood-journey-1688896-2020-06-14|access-date=14 October 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018075315/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sushant-singh-rajput-commits-suicide-kai-po-che-to-chhichhore-his-bollywood-journey-1688896-2020-06-14|url-status=live}}</ref> a divorced husband who recounts his college life to his teenage son and opposite Maya, his ex-wife played by [[Shraddha Kapoor]].<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":13" /> Produced by Fox Star Studios and [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]], the film was released on 6 September 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2019|title=Chhichhore Box Office Collection Day 5: Sushant Rajput's film dominates box office; crosses Rs 50-cr mark|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/chhichhore-box-office-collection-day-5-sushant-rajput-film-dominates-box-office-crosses-rs-50-cr-mark/story/378453.html|website=Business Today|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805075640/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/chhichhore-box-office-collection-day-5-sushant-rajput-film-dominates-box-office-crosses-rs-50-cr-mark/story/378453.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and became the third movie featuring Rajput to gross over {{INRConvert|1|b|year=2019}} after ''PK'' and the Dhoni biopic.<ref name=":14" /> The film won the [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Priyanka|last1=Sharma|first2=Komal RJ|last2=Panchal|date=22 March 2021|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chhichhore-national-award-dedicated-to-sushant-singh-rajput-7240084/|title=Chhichhore's National Award dedicated to Sushant Singh Rajput: 'Hope it gives happiness to his family, fans'|work=The Indian Express|location=Mumbai|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322165435/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chhichhore-national-award-dedicated-to-sushant-singh-rajput-7240084/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In an interview in January 2019, before the release of ''Sonchiriya'', Rajput had stated that he was in the talks for 12 other films of which ''Chanda Mama Door Ke'' and the biopic of Murlikant Petkar were yet to be finalised.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mankad|first=Himesh|date=8 January 2019|title=Sushant Singh Rajput: I am in talks for 12 films|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-i-am-in-talks-for-12-films/articleshow/67425906.cms|access-date=23 September 2020|website=Mumbai Mirror|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106203745/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-i-am-in-talks-for-12-films/articleshow/67425906.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He was to feature in ''Rifleman'', but the film got into legal trouble over copyright issues shortly after its announcement and could not be made.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sushant-singh-rajputs-upcoming-film-rifleman-in-legal-trouble-2007961.html|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's Upcoming Film Rifleman in Legal Trouble|work=News18|author=IANS|date=20 January 2019|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204193443/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/sushant-singh-rajputs-upcoming-film-rifleman-in-legal-trouble-2007961.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He had opted out of the production of ''Chanda Mama Door Ke'' in the previous year citing timing conflict in scheduling for its shooting and had stated that he would produce his own space film through Innsaei Ventures.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 July 2018|title=Sushant Singh Rajput not doing Chanda Mama Door Ke, to work on his own space film|work=Hindustan Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-not-doing-chanda-mama-door-ke-to-work-on-his-own-space-film/story-UXd9mGPYAXS3fea7B2YtlJ.html|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704114016/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-not-doing-chanda-mama-door-ke-to-work-on-his-own-space-film/story-UXd9mGPYAXS3fea7B2YtlJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2019, a second company named Vividrage Rhealtyx was registered with a paid up capital of {{INRConvert|100|k|year=2019}}; Rajput became one of the three directors of the company, the others being [[Rhea Chakraborty]] and Showik Chakraborty.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Ankit|date=15 June 2020|title=The other side of Sushant Singh Rajput: A tech visionary and a philanthropist|language=en|website=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/the-other-side-of-sushant-singh-rajput-a-tech-visionary-and-a-philanthropist-1689320-2020-06-15|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=6 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906173034/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/the-other-side-of-sushant-singh-rajput-a-tech-visionary-and-a-philanthropist-1689320-2020-06-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=31 July 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput was a director with Rhea Chakraborty, brother Showik in two companies|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-was-a-director-with-rhea-chakraboty-brother-showik-in-two-companies-120324|website=The Tribune|language=en|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806031424/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-was-a-director-with-rhea-chakraboty-brother-showik-in-two-companies-120324|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, the long delayed release of the film titled ''Drive'' had its [[premiere]] finalised and was released directly on [[Netflix]] in November 2019, as a cost cutting measure.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rammohan|first=Nandakumar|date=1 November 2019|title=Netflix's 'Drive' Will Surely Give You a Headache|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/netflix-drive-this-sushant-jacqueline-film-tries-to-be-a-heist-film-but-fails-miserably|access-date=23 September 2020|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102133055/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/netflix-drive-this-sushant-jacqueline-film-tries-to-be-a-heist-film-but-fails-miserably|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma Bawa|first=Jyoti|date=1 November 2019|title=Drive movie review: Sushant Singh Rajput's Fast & Furious clone is one of Netflix's worst mistakes ever|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/drive-movie-review-sushant-singh-rajput-s-fast-furious-clone-is-one-of-netflix-s-worst-mistakes-ever/story-MljqT5kY8cssoChoGdCkGO.html|access-date=23 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803141647/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/drive-movie-review-sushant-singh-rajput-s-fast-furious-clone-is-one-of-netflix-s-worst-mistakes-ever/story-MljqT5kY8cssoChoGdCkGO.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|last=Maru|first=Vibha|date=2 November 2020|title=Drive Movie Review: Netflix gets a B-grade Race 3. If that were possible|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/drive-movie-review-netflix-gets-a-b-grade-race-3-if-that-were-possible-1615143-2019-11-02|access-date=14 October 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016032010/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/drive-movie-review-netflix-gets-a-b-grade-race-3-if-that-were-possible-1615143-2019-11-02|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 January 2020, Rajput also founded a [[nonprofit organisation]] (NGO) named Front India for World Foundation with the stated intent of working towards the eradication of poverty, hunger and malnutrition and promotion of better healthcare and [[sanitation]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Punj|first=Vivek|date=4 August 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput – An astrophysicist at heart, an entrepreneur in making|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/sushant-singh-rajput-an-astrophysicist-at-heart-an-entrepreneur-in-making/story/407020.html|access-date=24 September 2020|website=Business Today|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007105721/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/sushant-singh-rajput-an-astrophysicist-at-heart-an-entrepreneur-in-making/story/407020.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to that, on behalf of one of his fans, he donated {{INRConvert|10|m}} to the Chief Minister's Relief Fund following the [[2018 Kerala floods]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shiksha|first=Shruti|date=22 August 2018|title=Kerala Floods: Sushant Singh Rajput Donates Rs 1 Crore On Behalf Of A Fan. Details Here|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kerala-floods-sushant-singh-rajput-donates-rs-1-crore-on-behalf-of-a-fan-details-here-1904178|access-date=21 October 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823120147/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kerala-floods-sushant-singh-rajput-donates-rs-1-crore-on-behalf-of-a-fan-details-here-1904178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Nairita|date=15 June 2018|title=When Sushant Singh Rajput donated Rs 1 crore towards Kerala floods on behalf of a fan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/when-sushant-singh-rajput-donated-rs-1-crore-towards-kerala-floods-on-behalf-of-a-fan-1688970-2020-06-14|access-date=21 October 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026073238/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/when-sushant-singh-rajput-donated-rs-1-crore-towards-kerala-floods-on-behalf-of-a-fan-1688970-2020-06-14|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, he featured the second time in Forbes' annual ''Top 100 Celebrity'' list.<ref name="Forbes 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all|title=2019 Celebrity 100|magazine=Forbes India|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330175050/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 2017, Rajput was signed in for the directorial debut of Mukesh Chhabra;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mathur|first=Yashika|date=20 November 2017|title=Casting director Mukesh Chhabra on star kids: If they have talent, they should get work|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/casting-director-mukesh-chabbra-on-star-kids-if-they-have-talent-they-should-get-work/story-nxwRIEioHvHELxasUkw2jL.html|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209155151/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/casting-director-mukesh-chabbra-on-star-kids-if-they-have-talent-they-should-get-work/story-nxwRIEioHvHELxasUkw2jL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fox Star Studios]] had employed Chhabra for a [[Hindi language]] remake of ''[[The Fault in Our Stars (film)|The Fault in Our Stars]]'', a [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] hit film produced by [[20th Century Fox]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=6 October 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to Star in 'Fault in our Stars' Indian Remake|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/asia/sushant-singh-rajput-in-fault-in-our-stars-indian-remake-1202582504/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Variety|language=en|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821094033/https://variety.com/2017/film/asia/sushant-singh-rajput-in-fault-in-our-stars-indian-remake-1202582504/|url-status=live}}</ref> Chabbra had also been the casting director who had first spotted him for ''Kai Po Che!'', which was Rajput's debut film.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|date=29 June 2018|title=First look: Sushant Singh Rajput and Sanjana Sanghi in 'The Fault In Our Stars' remake|url=https://scroll.in/reel/884667/first-look-sushant-singh-rajput-and-sanjana-sanghi-in-the-fault-in-our-stars-remake|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729081223/https://scroll.in/reel/884667/first-look-sushant-singh-rajput-and-sanjana-sanghi-in-the-fault-in-our-stars-remake|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":25" /> The shooting for the film began on 9 July 2018, in the city of [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhowal|first=Tiasa|date=25 July 2020|title=Kizie Aur Manny: Sushant Singh Rajput To The Fault In Our Stars Author John Green, 'Won't Let You Down'|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kizie-aur-manny-sushant-singh-rajput-to-the-fault-in-our-stars-author-john-green-wont-let-you-down-1881622|access-date=25 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615031126/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kizie-aur-manny-sushant-singh-rajput-to-the-fault-in-our-stars-author-john-green-wont-let-you-down-1881622|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=9 July 2018|title='The Fault in Our Stars' Hindi adaptation titled 'Kizzy Aur Manny'|work=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/the-fault-in-our-stars-hindi-adaptation-titled-kizzy-aur-manny-118070900486_1.html|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709110558/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/the-fault-in-our-stars-hindi-adaptation-titled-kizzy-aur-manny-118070900486_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During the time of the shooting, Rajput had remarked that he shared a great bond with Chhabra and had promised Chhabra that he would appear in his first as well.<ref name=":26" /> Based on the novel by the same name ''The Fault in Our Stars'' written by the author [[John Green]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Aashna|date=6 October 2017|title=Sushant Singh Rajput To Play Gus in the Remake of the Fault in Our Stars|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-gus-in-the-remake-of-the-fault-in-our-stars-1759620|access-date=25 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115092927/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-rajput-to-play-gus-in-the-remake-of-the-fault-in-our-stars-1759620|url-status=live}}</ref> the film was initially titled ''Kizie aur Manny'' and was scheduled to release in theatres in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2019|title=Hindi remake of 'The Fault in Our Stars' titled 'Kizie Aur Manny'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/885844/hindi-remake-of-the-fault-in-our-stars-titled-kizie-aur-manny|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215531/https://scroll.in/reel/885844/hindi-remake-of-the-fault-in-our-stars-titled-kizie-aur-manny|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajput co-starred alongside [[Sanjana Sanghi]] and played the character of Manny, a patient of the bone cancer [[osteosarcoma]];<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thakur|first=Tanul|date=25 July 2020|title='Dil Bechara' Review: A Good Story, But the Fault Lies in the Telling|url=https://thewire.in/film/dil-bechara-review-sushant-singh-rajput|access-date=25 September 2020|website=The Wire|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728141833/https://thewire.in/film/dil-bechara-review-sushant-singh-rajput|url-status=live}}</ref> the role in the Hindi remake was a reprisal of the role of [[Ansel Elgort]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Raghuvendra|date=22 August 2018|title=Mukesh Chhabra clears the air about Kizie Aur Manny's delay|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mukesh-chhabra-clears-the-air-about-kizie-aur-mannys-delay-29951.html|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823114822/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mukesh-chhabra-clears-the-air-about-kizie-aur-mannys-delay-29951.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It also notably featured [[Saif Ali Khan]] and musical compositions of [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaubey|first=Pranita|date=2 July 2020|title=Got The Feeling He Was Brighter Than I: Saif Ali Khan On Dil Bechara Co-Star Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/got-the-feeling-he-was-brighter-than-i-saif-ali-khan-on-dil-bechara-co-star-sushant-singh-rajput-2255604|access-date=25 September 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812164434/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/got-the-feeling-he-was-brighter-than-i-saif-ali-khan-on-dil-bechara-co-star-sushant-singh-rajput-2255604|url-status=live}}</ref> The title was later renamed to ''[[Dil Bechara]]'' and the release date moved to 8 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2019|title=Dil Bechara featuring Sushant Singh, Sanjana Sanghi gets a release date|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/dil-bechara-featuring-sushant-singh-sanjana-sanghi-gets-release-date-1502822401.html|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=25 September 2020|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809114440/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/dil-bechara-featuring-sushant-singh-sanjana-sanghi-gets-release-date-1502822401.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The slated release of the film however did not occur due to restrictions imposed during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="TW2020">{{cite web | title=Sushant Singh Rajput's final movie would be 'The Fault in Our Stars' remake | website=The Week | date=14 June 2020 | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2020/06/14/sushant-singh-last-movie-the-fault-in-our-stars-remake.html | access-date=14 June 2020 | archive-date=14 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614114055/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2020/06/14/sushant-singh-last-movie-the-fault-in-our-stars-remake.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In the end, it was posthumously released on the [[streaming platform]] [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and became a record breaker in its first 24 hours viewership, having gathered approximately 95 million viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's Dil Bechara gets 95 million views in 24 hours, that's a Rs 2000 crore opening day|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-s-dil-bechara-gets-95-million-views-in-24-hours-that-s-a-rs-2000-crore-opening-day/story-bmgD4coR8Wym5HaFrqSbMM.html|access-date=2 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731150700/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-s-dil-bechara-gets-95-million-views-in-24-hours-that-s-a-rs-2000-crore-opening-day/story-bmgD4coR8Wym5HaFrqSbMM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The director Uday Singh Gauri claimed after Rajput's death that he was in talks with him about a film based on the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-last-film-ajmal-kasab-26-11-1742216-2020-11-19|title=Sushant Singh Rajput was last offered a film on Ajmal Kasab and 26/11|work=India Today|author=Divyesh Singh|date=19 November 2020|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119164508/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-last-film-ajmal-kasab-26-11-1742216-2020-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Sushant Singh Rajput with Ankita Lokhande at KAI PO CHE's premiere.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Rajput with [[Ankita Lokhande]] at ''[[Kai Po Che]]''{{'}}s premiere in 2013]]
Rajput's personal relationships have been the subject of widespread media attention.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|date=8 September 2019|title=Sushant Singh Rajput dating Rhea Chakraborty? Actor says he needs a lot of money and a mag cover to reveal the truth|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-dating-rhea-chakraborty-actor-says-he-needs-a-lot-of-money-and-a-mag-cover-to-reveal-the-truth/story-SjWupFcP7MvrN363TKhE9K.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915022543/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-dating-rhea-chakraborty-actor-says-he-needs-a-lot-of-money-and-a-mag-cover-to-reveal-the-truth/story-SjWupFcP7MvrN363TKhE9K.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":29">{{Cite web|date=10 May 2019|title=Not Kriti Sanon or Sara Ali Khan, Sushant Singh Rajput is dating this actress?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/not-kriti-sanon-or-sara-ali-khan-sushant-singh-rajput-is-dating-this-actress-1521922-2019-05-10|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617102004/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/not-kriti-sanon-or-sara-ali-khan-sushant-singh-rajput-is-dating-this-actress-1521922-2019-05-10|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Rajput publicly proposed to his ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' co-star [[Ankita Lokhande]] during a national broadcast of the dance competition show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'';<ref name="auto" /> both of them had participated in the show as competing contestants.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pereira|first=Priyanka|date=20 December 2010|title=Jhalak grooves on|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/jhalak-grooves-on/727031/|access-date=30 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215529/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/jhalak-grooves-on/727031/|url-status=live}}</ref> The couple began dating after their first meeting on the set of ''Pavitra Rishta'', where they had been cast as husband and wife to each other.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2013|title=Sushant Singh Rajput to marry girlfriend Ankita Lokhande this year|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sushant-singh-rajput-to-marry-girlfriend-ankita-lokhande-this-year/1158698/|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213121610/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sushant-singh-rajput-to-marry-girlfriend-ankita-lokhande-this-year/1158698/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, they began living together,<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 January 2016|title=Marrying Ankita in December 2016: Sushant Singh Rajput confirms|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/getting-married-in-december-2016-sushant-singh-rajput-confirms/story-lw8J4pXcxV8WOufxLTnF7K.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105145058/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/getting-married-in-december-2016-sushant-singh-rajput-confirms/story-lw8J4pXcxV8WOufxLTnF7K.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports of an imminent marriage between the two occasionally cropped up in the media.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 October 2014|title=Rajasthani Wedding for Sushant Singh Rajput and Ankita Lokhande|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rajasthani-wedding-for-sushant-singh-rajput-and-ankita-lokhande-679147|website=NDTV Movies|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301143556/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rajasthani-wedding-for-sushant-singh-rajput-and-ankita-lokhande-679147|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, Rajput stated that marriage and [[cohabitation]] were no different and that it was hypocritical to treat the former as sacred and the latter as a crime.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Kiran|date=23 September 2016|title=13 Famous Indian Television Couples Who Went for Live-in-relationships|url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-tv-celebs-relationships-5423696-PHO.html|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Daily Bhaskar|language=en|archive-date=31 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031143755/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-tv-celebs-relationships-5423696-PHO.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 November 2013|title=Don't know what a marriage is but I believe in live-in relationships: Sushant|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dont-know-what-a-marriage-is-but-I-believe-in-live-in-relationships-Sushant/articleshow/25932531.cms|website=Entertainment Times|publisher=Times Group|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215529/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dont-know-what-a-marriage-is-but-I-believe-in-live-in-relationships-Sushant/articleshow/25932531.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> At an event, he had said, "I am very transparent about my relationships. I mean I will not hesitate to say that I am in a relationship".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/i-am-very-transparent-about-my-relationships-sushant-singh-rajput-1003695.html|title=I am very transparent about my relationships: Sushant Singh Rajput|work=Firstpost|date=1 August 2013|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=13 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013201833/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/i-am-very-transparent-about-my-relationships-sushant-singh-rajput-1003695.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, rumours that they were already secretly married due to family pressure<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pacheo|first=Sunitra|date=20 January 2014|editor-last=Sharma|editor-first=Sarika|title=Has Sushant Singh Rajput secretly married girlfriend Ankita Lokhande?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/has-sushant-singh-rajput-secretly-married-girlfriend-ankita-lokhande/|access-date=1 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815025035/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/has-sushant-singh-rajput-secretly-married-girlfriend-ankita-lokhande/|url-status=live}}</ref> were denied by the couple.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shetty Bali|first=Rashma|date=20 January 2014|title=Did Sushant Singh Rajput and Ankita Lokhande have a secret wedding in Ujjain?|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/did-sushant-singh-rajput-and-ankita-lokhande-have-a-secret-wedding-in-ujjain-309111/|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Bollywood Life|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011215529/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/did-sushant-singh-rajput-and-ankita-lokhande-have-a-secret-wedding-in-ujjain-309111/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, Rajput confirmed that a lavish wedding would take place in December,<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 January 2016|title=Marrying Ankita in December 2016: Sushant Singh Rajput confirms|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/getting-married-in-december-2016-sushant-singh-rajput-confirms/story-lw8J4pXcxV8WOufxLTnF7K.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105145058/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/getting-married-in-december-2016-sushant-singh-rajput-confirms/story-lw8J4pXcxV8WOufxLTnF7K.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but the relationship ended prior to that, with the pair maintaining silence on the reasons for the cancellation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rawal|first=Monika|date=15 October 2016|title=A look at actresses who underwent a glamorous transformation post break-up|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/a-look-at-women-celebrities-who-underwent-a-glamorous-transformation-post-break-up/story-V4PH1wiSmmAfwPcvpgKlGP.html|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=26 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326032847/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/a-look-at-women-celebrities-who-underwent-a-glamorous-transformation-post-break-up/story-V4PH1wiSmmAfwPcvpgKlGP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2021 interview, Lokhande said that Rajput wanted to go ahead in his career and they ended their relationship mutually.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sushant-singh-rajput-made-his-choice-very-clear-ankita-lokhande-on-their-breakup-in-2016-2882489|title='Sushant Singh Rajput made his choice very clear...': Ankita Lokhande on their breakup in 2016|work=DNA India|author=DNA Web Team|date=22 March 2021|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322091235/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sushant-singh-rajput-made-his-choice-very-clear-ankita-lokhande-on-their-breakup-in-2016-2882489|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the break-up, Rajput's relationship status became the subject of speculation and gossip.<ref name=":29" /> He was rumoured to be dating his ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'' co-star [[Kriti Sanon]] which was denied by both of them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shiksha|first=Shruti|date=21 May 2017|title=For Sushant Singh Rajput, Link-Up Rumours Are Boring Gossip|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/for-sushant-singh-rajput-link-up-rumours-are-boring-gossip-1696223|access-date=1 October 2020|website=NDTV Movies|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103022525/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/for-sushant-singh-rajput-link-up-rumours-are-boring-gossip-1696223|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Rajput courted controversy when he came out in support of the producers of ''[[Padmaavat]]'' whose sets were vandalised by members of the [[Rajput Karni Sena]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mathew|first=Suresh|date=30 January 2017|title=Sushant Singh Drops 'Rajput' Surname to Protest Attack on Bhansali|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-drops-rajput-from-surname-to-unique-protest-against-the-attack-on-sanjay-leela-bhansali|access-date=1 October 2020|website=The Quint|language=en|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929110635/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-drops-rajput-from-surname-to-unique-protest-against-the-attack-on-sanjay-leela-bhansali|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prakash|first=Aryan|date=18 April 2017|title=7 reasons that make Sushant Singh Rajput the perfect superstar material|url=http://www.inuth.com/entertainment/bollywood/reasons-sushant-singh-rajput-is-a-superstar-in-the-making/|access-date=1 October 2020|website=InUth|publisher=Indian Express Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423163246/http://www.inuth.com/entertainment/bollywood/reasons-sushant-singh-rajput-is-a-superstar-in-the-making/|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, he became the co-owner of ''Delhi Gladiators'', a team in the [[Super Boxing League]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Talwar|first=Shikha|date=11 March 2020|title=From Akshay Kumar to Ranbir Kapoor, these 10 Bollywood stars own sports teams in India and abroad|url=https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/akshay-kumar-ranbir-kapoor-shah-rukh-khan-bollywood-celebrities-own-sports-teams-india-abroad|access-date=15 October 2020|website=GQ India|language=en-IN|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030071910/https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/akshay-kumar-ranbir-kapoor-shah-rukh-khan-bollywood-celebrities-own-sports-teams-india-abroad|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=5 July 2017|title=B-Town joins Super Boxing League|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/b-town-joins-super-boxing-league-4735797/|access-date=15 October 2020|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015133222/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/b-town-joins-super-boxing-league-4735797/|url-status=live}}</ref> In preparation for his role in ''Chanda Mama Door Ke'', he was given the opportunity to train at [[NASA]] where he intended to go back and complete his instructor training, aspiring to be chosen for the 2024 [[Artemis program]]. Retaining his interest in astronomy and astrophysics,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barhat|first=Vikram|date=16 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput was obsessed with space: a bright spark among Bollywood stars|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/sushant-singh-rajput-was-obsessed-with-space-a-bright-spark-among-bollywood-stars-1.1034218|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The National|archive-date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714085857/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/sushant-singh-rajput-was-obsessed-with-space-a-bright-spark-among-bollywood-stars-1.1034218|url-status=live}}</ref> he purchased the high end [[Meade Instruments|Meade]] LX-600 16" telescope for stargazing purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Ushnota|date=23 June 2020|title=The boy who stargazed: In loving memory of Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-boy-who-stargazed-in-loving-memory-of-sushant-singh-rajput/cid/1783141|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Telegraph India|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902151016/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-boy-who-stargazed-in-loving-memory-of-sushant-singh-rajput/cid/1783141|url-status=live}}</ref> He also had a collection of 125 books including a six-volume [[theoretical physics]] series. Rajput stated in an August 2017 interview that his collection was not for film research, but covered personal interests in multiple disciplines, including [[cognitive science]] and [[behavioural economics]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lohana|first=Avinash|date=8 August 2017|title=After Neena Gupta, Veteran actresses from Renuka Shahane to Rohini Hattangadi voice on lack of good roles|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/veteran-actresses-on-the-lack-of-good-roles/articleshow/59961910.cms|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Mumbai Mirror|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112183545/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/veteran-actresses-on-the-lack-of-good-roles/articleshow/59961910.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He was reportedly an avid reader who would bring books during tours for film shooting.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mangaokar|first=Shalvi|date=19 July 2016|title=Did you know Sushant Singh Rajput is a bookworm?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/did-you-know-sushant-singh-rajput-is-a-bookworm/story-9t63FHJ76muQnXTGurkDfM.html|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118114438/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/did-you-know-sushant-singh-rajput-is-a-bookworm/story-9t63FHJ76muQnXTGurkDfM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, he was the subject of another rumour regarding his ''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]'' co-star [[Sara Ali Khan]].<ref name=":29" /> The rumours were never confirmed, as, before the two supposedly broke up, Rajput refused to comment on the claims.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 September 2019|title=Did Sushant Singh Rajput refuse to work with rumoured ex-flame Sara Ali Khan?|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/did-sushant-singh-rajput-refuse-to-work-with-rumoured-ex-flame-sara-ali-khan|website=[[The Free Press Journal]]|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822200345/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/did-sushant-singh-rajput-refuse-to-work-with-rumoured-ex-flame-sara-ali-khan|url-status=live}}</ref> Later in the next year, it was reported that he was dating actress [[Rhea Chakraborty]] and that they intended to keep the matter private.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|date=22 June 2019|title=Is Sushant Singh Rajput holidaying in Ladakh with Rhea Chakraborty?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/is-sushant-singh-rajput-holidaying-in-ladakh-with-rhea-chakraborty-1554016-2019-06-22|access-date=1 October 2020|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617102125/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/is-sushant-singh-rajput-holidaying-in-ladakh-with-rhea-chakraborty-1554016-2019-06-22|url-status=live}}</ref> When questioned, he reportedly unwittingly confirmed the relationship by stating that if interviewers asked questions that were only about him, he could answer at his own discretion but he would also have to ask "somebody" before confirming any details.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2019|title=Sushant Singh Rajput on dating Rhea Chakravorty: 'People shouldn't start talking about things in a nascent stage'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-on-dating-rhea-chakravorty-people-shouldn-t-start-talking-about-things-in-a-nascent-stage/story-ePy5G8EHNKPuZ0ZI8O8tWL.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921091602/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-on-dating-rhea-chakravorty-people-shouldn-t-start-talking-about-things-in-a-nascent-stage/story-ePy5G8EHNKPuZ0ZI8O8tWL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Chakraborty and Rajput were occasionally spotted on "dates" and outings in Mumbai,<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":29" /> and on a vacation to the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] region of [[Ladakh]].<ref name=":30" />

After Rajput's death, Chakraborty confirmed that she was his girlfriend and that he would refuse medication, relying instead on [[yoga]] and [[meditation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nihalani|first=Akash|date=19 June 2020|title=Rhea Chakraborty Confirms that Sushant Singh Rajput Refused to Take Medication|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rhea-chakraborty-confirms-that-sushant-singh-rajput-refused-to-take-medication-41656.html|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Filmfare|publisher=Times Group|language=en|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628185549/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rhea-chakraborty-confirms-that-sushant-singh-rajput-refused-to-take-medication-41656.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Rajput's father, the actor mentioned his plans to marry in 2021 but did not reveal his intended bride; Ankita Lokhande was the only girlfriend that his father had known about.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput's father confirms actor was looking to get married early 2021, says he didn't know about Rhea Chakraborty|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-s-father-confirms-actor-was-looking-to-get-married-early-2021-says-he-didn-t-know-about-rhea-chakraborty/story-y73zI1fJG0BASCgeunjlfN.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=16 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816132207/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-s-father-confirms-actor-was-looking-to-get-married-early-2021-says-he-didn-t-know-about-rhea-chakraborty/story-y73zI1fJG0BASCgeunjlfN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Death ==
{{Main|Suicide of Sushant Singh Rajput}}

On 14 June 2020, Rajput, aged 34, was found dead in his home in [[Bandra]], Mumbai.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2020 |title=Sushant Singh Rajput dies by suicide at 34 in Mumbai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-commits-suicide-at-mumbai-home-1688886-2020-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614160312/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-commits-suicide-at-mumbai-home-1688886-2020-06-14/ |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name="Died due to asphyxia">{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sushant-singh-rajput-was-undergoing-treatment-for-depression-mumbai-police/articleshow/76382566.cms |title=Post-mortem report confirms Sushant Singh Rajput died due to asphyxia |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=22 June 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |quote=The police said that the actor had spoken to his sister on the telephone around 9 am on Sunday. An hour later, he had a glass of juice and took his tablets. The police added that the cook knocked several times on his door around 11:30 am to confirm the menu. When the cook and the actor's two friends who were staying with him in the house got no response, they then called a key-maker who helped open the door. The friends then rang up his sister and the police. |archive-date=11 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711015345/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sushant-singh-rajput-was-undergoing-treatment-for-depression-mumbai-police/articleshow/76382566.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He had reportedly shown signs of [[clinical depression]] and was diagnosed with [[bipolar disorder]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sushant-singh-rajput-had-bipolar-disorder-says-mumbai-police-chief-121626 |title=Sushant Singh Rajput had bipolar disorder, says Mumbai police chief |date=3 August 2020 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806211643/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sushant-singh-rajput-had-bipolar-disorder-says-mumbai-police-chief-121626 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=16 June 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput showed signs of clinical depression, sought counselling: Police|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sushant-singh-rajput-showed-signs-of-clinical-depression-sought-counselling-police-6460482/|access-date=30 July 2020|work=The Indian Express|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630150848/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sushant-singh-rajput-showed-signs-of-clinical-depression-sought-counselling-police-6460482/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Saurabh|date=4 August 2020|title=Sushant Singh Rajput Had Googled His Name Hours Before Death: Mumbai Cops|work=[[NDTV]]|editor-last=Ghosh|editor-first=Deepshika|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sushant-singh-rajput-had-bipolar-disorder-was-on-medication-mumbai-cops-2273324|access-date=12 August 2020|quote='It has come to surface that he (Sushant Singh Rajput) had bipolar disorder, he was undergoing treatment and taking medicines for it. What circumstances led to his death is the subject of our investigation,' said Mumbai police chief Param Bir Singh.|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803152614/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sushant-singh-rajput-had-bipolar-disorder-was-on-medication-mumbai-cops-2273324|url-status=live}}</ref> The postmortem report concluded that the cause of death was "[[asphyxia]] due to hanging", calling it a "clear case of suicide."<ref name="Web of theories">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushant-s-death-embroiled-in-a-web-of-theories/story-TEWZDqHtQRJXoN22jE5cqJ.html |title=Sushant's death embroiled in a web of theories |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 August 2020 |access-date=9 August 2020 |last1=Kukreja |first1=Monika Rawal |last2=Suri |first2=Rishabh |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804072138/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushant-s-death-embroiled-in-a-web-of-theories/story-TEWZDqHtQRJXoN22jE5cqJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Authorities and a forensic medical team from the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]], confirmed that Rajput's death was not a case of murder.<ref name="Murder ruled out">{{cite web |last1=Kashyap |first1=Anjana Om |last2=Pandey |first2=Munish |date=3 October 2020 |title=Sushant Singh Rajput murder completely ruled out, it was suicide: Dr Sudhir Gupta of AIIMS |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-murder-completely-ruled-out-it-was-suicide-dr-sudhir-gupta-of-aiims-1727920-2020-10-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003143653/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-murder-completely-ruled-out-it-was-suicide-dr-sudhir-gupta-of-aiims-1727920-2020-10-03 |archive-date=3 October 2020 |access-date=3 October 2020 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name="Who said what">{{cite web |date=3 October 2020 |editor=Ghosh, Poulomi |title=AIIMS report on Sushant Singh Rajput death: Who said what |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aiims-report-on-sushant-singh-rajput-death-who-said-what/story-bASG0BNVkkHtRRICgHeItN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003225234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aiims-report-on-sushant-singh-rajput-death-who-said-what/story-bASG0BNVkkHtRRICgHeItN.html |archive-date=3 October 2020 |access-date=3 October 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Report submitted to CBI">{{cite web |date=5 October 2020 |title=SSR death case: Medical board submitted report directly to CBI, can obtain inputs from bureau, says AIIMS |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ssr-death-case-medical-board-submitted-report-directly-to-cbi-can-obtain-inputs-from-bureau-says-aiims20201005210812/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008143353/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ssr-death-case-medical-board-submitted-report-directly-to-cbi-can-obtain-inputs-from-bureau-says-aiims20201005210812/ |archive-date=8 October 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref>

On 25 July, Rajput's family lodged a [[first information report]] with police in [[Patna]], where his father lives, accusing Rhea Chakraborty and five others of [[Aiding and abetting|abetment]] of suicide.<ref name="Family files FIR">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sushant-singh-rajputs-death-case-fir-filed-against-rhea-chakraborty-6527871/ |title=Sushant Singh Rajput's family files FIR against actor Rhea Chakraborty, claims she used his credit cards |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 July 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020 |author=Express News Service |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728142135/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sushant-singh-rajputs-death-case-fir-filed-against-rhea-chakraborty-6527871/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 31 July, [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) filed a case to investigate the money laundering of Rajput's money from his bank accounts by Chakraborty, her parents and associates.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theprint.in/india/ed-files-money-laundering-case-in-connection-with-sushant-singh-rajput-death/472081|title=ED files money laundering case in connection with Sushant Singh Rajput death|work=The Print|agency=Press Trust Of India|date=31 July 2020|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930091439/https://theprint.in/india/ed-files-money-laundering-case-in-connection-with-sushant-singh-rajput-death/472081/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 August 2020, the [[Supreme Court of India]] allowed the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), the Indian national government's top investigating agency, to take control of the investigation<ref name="Supreme Court allows CBI to take control">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-family-vs-rhea-chakraborty-case-verdict-sc-allows-cbi-to-take-control-of-investigation-1712765-2020-08-19 |title=Sushant Singh Rajput family vs Rhea Chakraborty case verdict: SC allows CBI to take control of investigation |work=[[India Today]] |date=19 August 2020 |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819054319/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-family-vs-rhea-chakraborty-case-verdict-sc-allows-cbi-to-take-control-of-investigation-1712765-2020-08-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ordered the CBI to look into any future cases registered in relation to Rajput's death.<ref name="CBI probe lawful">{{Cite news |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/sushant-singh-rajput-cbi-probe-rhea-chakraborty-lawful-mumbai-police-hand-over-evidence-supreme-court |title=Sushant Singh Rajput: CBI probe into FIR against Rhea Chakraborty lawful; Mumbai Police to hand over all evidence, Supreme Court |publisher=Bar and Bench |date=19 August 2020 |access-date=19 August 2020 |author=Mahajan, Shruti |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905172939/https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/sushant-singh-rajput-cbi-probe-rhea-chakraborty-lawful-mumbai-police-hand-over-evidence-supreme-court |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] (NCB) also filed a case to investigate drug peddling, based on phone chats forwarded to it by ED during its investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=After ED and CBI, NCB joins Sushant Singh Rajput death probe as Rhea Chakraborty drug chat emerges |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/maharashtra-news/article/after-ed-and-cbi-ncb-joins-sushant-singh-rajput-death-probe-as-rhea-chakraborty-drug-chat-emerges/642985 |access-date=6 September 2020 |work=Times Now |date=26 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

On 8 September, Rhea Chakraborty was arrested by the NCB in a drug case linked to the investigation of the death probe. Prior to the arrest, 9 others were arrested by the NCB in the drug case including Rhea's brother, Showik Chakraborty.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Manish K Pathak |author2=Aloke Tikku |title=Rhea Chakraborty, Accused No 10 in drug case, arrested. Bihar DGP takes a swipe |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/rhea-chakraborty-10th-accused-in-drug-case-arrested-she-s-exposed-says-bihar-dgp/story-iZRLmiekBcqxXccKKBF4JJ.html |access-date=8 September 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908231012/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/rhea-chakraborty-10th-accused-in-drug-case-arrested-she-s-exposed-says-bihar-dgp/story-iZRLmiekBcqxXccKKBF4JJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 July 2022, the NCB filed draft charges against 35 people, including Rhea Chakraborty and her brother. The NCB claimed that Rajput had been using numerous people to obtain drugs since 2018 and accused his flatmate Pithani and others of "aiding and abetting" Rajput to "extreme drug addiction."<ref>{{cite news |last=Modak |first=Sadaf |date=13 July 2022 |title=Accused abetted Sushant Singh Rajput's 'extreme drug addiction': NCB draft charge |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sushant-extreme-drug-addiction-aided-abetted-ncb-draft-charge-8025602/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location= |access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

On 7 September, Chakraborty filed an [[First information report|FIR]] against the late actor's sisters, claiming they had supplied him psychotrophic anti-depressants<ref name="FilmFare1">{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/meetu-and-priyanka-singh-approach-high-court-to-invalidate-rhea-chakrabortys-fir-44048.html |title=Meetu and Priyanka Singh approach High Court to invalidate Rhea Chakraborty's FIR |author= |date=6 October 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]] |publisher= |access-date=11 June 2022 |quote= |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611182249/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/meetu-and-priyanka-singh-approach-high-court-to-invalidate-rhea-chakrabortys-fir-44048.html |url-status=live }}</ref> without proper medical consultation and using a forged prescription.<ref name="Timesoi1">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rhea-chakrabortys-fir-against-sushant-rajputs-sister-priyanka-singh-upheld-by-sc-five-important-points-about-the-case/photostory/81704583.cms |title=Rhea Chakraborty's FIR against Sushant Singh Rajput's sister Priyanka Singh upheld by SC: Five important points about the case |author= |date=26 March 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |publisher= |access-date=11 June 2022 |quote= |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006133707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rhea-chakrabortys-fir-against-sushant-rajputs-sister-priyanka-singh-upheld-by-sc-five-important-points-about-the-case/photostory/81704583.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She requested an investigation into whether these had resulted in his suicide or a decline in his mental state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/supreme-court-rejects-plea-by-sushant-singh-rajputs-sister-to-dismiss-mumbai-police-fir-filed-by-rhea-chakraborty/articleshow/81702727.cms?from=mdr |title=Supreme Court rejects plea by Sushant Singh Rajput's sister to dismiss Mumbai Police FIR filed by Rhea Chakraborty |author= |date=26 March 2021 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |publisher= |access-date=11 June 2022 |quote= |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611182249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/supreme-court-rejects-plea-by-sushant-singh-rajputs-sister-to-dismiss-mumbai-police-fir-filed-by-rhea-chakraborty/articleshow/81702727.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The following month, Rajput's sisters asked the High Court to cancel the FIR.<ref name="FilmFare1"/> The Bombay High Court agreed to invalidate the FIR against his sister Meetu but upheld the FIR against his sister Priyanka, stating that there was "prima facie evidence" against her.<ref name="Timesoi1"/> The Supreme Court also rejected an appeal filed by Priyanka Singh and the filing was handed to the CBI to investigate.<ref name="Timesoi1"/>

On 22 March 2025, the Central Bureau of Investigation filed a closure report ruling out any foul play.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Ahuja |first1=Nakul |date=22 March 2025 |title=No proof of foul play: CBI files closure report in Sushant Singh Rajput case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sushant-singh-rajput-death-case-cbi-files-closure-report-2697524-2025-03-22 |magazine=India Today |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Rishabh |date=23 March 2025 |title=CBI closes Sushant Singh Rajput case: Recounting media trial and witch hunt |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/sushant-singh-rajput-death-cbi-report-rhea-chakraborty-media-trial-theories-125032300269_1.html |work=Business Standard |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
| Ishaan "Ish" Bhatt
| Debut film role
| rowspan="3" | <ref name=":33" />
|-
| ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''
| Raghu Ram
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| ''[[PK (film)|PK]]''
| Sarfaraz Yousuf
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
| ''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]''
| [[Byomkesh Bakshi|Detective Byomkesh Bakshy]]
|
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=":19" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''
| [[MS Dhoni|Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]''
| Jilaan / Shiv Kakkar
|
| <ref name=":34" />
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance
| <ref name=":23" />
|-
| ''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]''
| Mansoor Khan
|
| <ref name=":35" />
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2019
| ''[[Sonchiriya]]''
| Lakhan Singh / Lakhna
|
| rowspan="2" | <ref name=":36" />
|-
| ''[[Chhichhore]]''
| Anirudh "Anni" Pathak
|
|-
| ''[[Drive (2019 film)|Drive]]''
| Samar
| Final film role
| <ref name=":32" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| ''[[Dil Bechara]]''
| Immanuel "Manny" Rajkumar Jr.
| Posthumous release
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Aakanksha|date=24 September 2020|title=Two Months After Dil Bechara's Release, Sanjana Sanghi Shares This Post "In Loving Memory" Of Sushant Singh Rajput|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/two-months-after-dil-becharas-release-sanjana-sanghi-shares-this-post-in-loving-memory-of-sushant-singh-rajput-2300647|access-date=14 October 2020|website=NDTV|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011013220/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/two-months-after-dil-becharas-release-sanjana-sanghi-shares-this-post-in-loving-memory-of-sushant-singh-rajput-2300647|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2008–2009
| ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]''
| Preet Juneja
|
| rowspan="4" | <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Arushi|date=14 June 2020|title=From Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil to Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 4: A look at Sushant Singh Rajput's TV stint|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sushant-singh-rajput-tv-shows-pavitra-rishta-jhalak-dikhhla-ja-6458594/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614223220/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sushant-singh-rajput-tv-shows-pavitra-rishta-jhalak-dikhhla-ja-6458594/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2009–2011
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
| Manav Deshmukh
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''
| rowspan="2" | Contestant
| Team "Mast Kalandar Boys"
|-
! scope="row" | 2010–2011
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 4]]''
| Runner-up
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| ''Pavitra Rishta''
| Manav Deshmukh
| Finale appearance
| <ref name=":9" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| Byomkesh Bakshy
| Special appearance in Episode 1211
| <ref name=":22" />
|-
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Performer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2017
| "Paas Aao"
| [[Armaan Malik]] & [[Amaal Mallik]]
| <ref name=":27" />
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film or Series
! class="unsortable"| Result
! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2009
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Most Popular Actor (Male)
| rowspan="6" |''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|title=Nominees of The 9th Indian Telly Awards|access-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|archive-date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Most Popular Actor (Male)
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dedicated-his-first-ever-best-actor-award-to-his-mother-watch-video-1690656-2020-06-19|title=Sushant Singh Rajput dedicated his first-ever Best Actor award to his mother|website=India Today|date=19 June 2020|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621113217/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/sushant-singh-rajput-dedicated-his-first-ever-best-actor-award-to-his-mother-watch-video-1690656-2020-06-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| Best Television Actor (Male)
| {{won}}
|{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Gold Awards]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Gold Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Lead Role]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goldawards.weebly.com/2010.html|title=Winners of Gold Awards 2010|website=Gold Awards|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102244/https://goldawards.weebly.com/2010.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goldawards.weebly.com/2011.html|title=Winners of Gold Awards 2011|website=Gold Awards|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102243/https://goldawards.weebly.com/2011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[FICCI Frames|FICCI Frames Excellence Honours]]
| Best TV Actor (Male)
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-ficci-frames-excellence-honours-awards/|title=Winners of FICCI FRAMES Excellence Honours awards|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=26 March 2011|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622012321/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-ficci-frames-excellence-honours-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2014
| rowspan="2" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| rowspan="6" | ''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref name="Everything you should know">{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/everything-you-should-know-about-sushant-singh-rajput-6458536/ |title=Everything you should know about Sushant Singh Rajput |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822204340/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/everything-you-should-know-about-sushant-singh-rajput-6458536/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/6028|title=Nominations for 9th Renault Star Guild Awards – Latest Celebrity Features – Bollywood Hungama|date=15 January 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027013517/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/6028|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://screenawards.indianexpress.com|title=Screen Awards 2015, Latest News on Screen Awards 2015, Photo Gallery The Indian Express|work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313230740/http://screenawards.indianexpress.com/|archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html|title=Zee Cine Awards 2014: Complete list of nominations|work=Zee News|date=6 February 2014|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065411/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[15th IIFA Awards|IIFA Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Leading Role
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2014|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6193|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=21 February 2014|date=20 February 2014|archive-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221101141/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6193|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|Best Debut Actor| Best Debut Actor
| {{nom}}
|<ref name=":12" />
|-
| 2016
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actor (Critics)|Best Actor (Critics)]]
| rowspan="6" |[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story|''M.S Dhoni: The Untold Story'']]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/22nd-star-screen-awards-2016-pink-amitabh-bachchan-alia-bhatt-355663-2016-12-05|title=Star Screen Awards 2016 winners list|website=India Today|date=5 December 2016|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915164038/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/22nd-star-screen-awards-2016-pink-amitabh-bachchan-alia-bhatt-355663-2016-12-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2017
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-62nd-jio-filmfare-awards-17987.html|title=62nd Jio Filmfare Awards 2017 Nominations|website=Filmfare|date=9 January 2017|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113122217/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-62nd-jio-filmfare-awards-17987.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| Best Actor – Male
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-zee-cine-awards-2017/|title=Nominations for Zee Cine Awards 2017 – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2 March 2017|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=12 June 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170612160354/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-zee-cine-awards-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| Best Actor
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-stardust-awards-2016/|title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2016 – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=19 December 2016|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404155046/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-stardust-awards-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| Best Actor (Male)
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/18th-iifa-awards-2017-list-of-nominations-1723760|title=18th IIFA Awards 2017: List of Nominations|publisher=NDTV.com|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812022613/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/18th-iifa-awards-2017-list-of-nominations-1723760|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Best Actor
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-iffm-awards-2017-lipstick-under-my-burkha-dangal-baahubali-2-win-big-in-pics-396076|title=IFFM Awards 2017: Lipstick Under My Burkha, Dangal, Baahubali 2 win big (in pics)|access-date=10 December 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106205320/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-iffm-awards-2017-lipstick-under-my-burkha-dangal-baahubali-2-win-big-in-pics-396076|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actor (Critics)|Best Actor (Critics)]]
| ''[[Chhichhore]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2021
|Filmfare Awards
|Best Actor (Male)
|''[[Dil Bechara]]''
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47279.html|title=Nominations For The 66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021|work=Filmfare|date=27 March 2021|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=29 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329154547/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47279.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian film actors]]

{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Film|Television}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite arXiv |last1=Akbar |first1=SZ |last2=Sharma |first2=A |last3=Negi |first3=H |last4=Panda |first4=A |last5=Pal |first5=J |display-authors=2 |title =Anatomy of a Rumour: Social media and the suicide of Sushant Singh Rajput |year=2020 |class=cs.SI |eprint=2009.11744 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sushant Singh Rajput}}
* {{IMDb name|id=3818286}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|sushant-singh-rajput}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Sushant Singh Rajput
| list =
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actor}}
{{Screen Award for Best Actor}}
{{ScreenAwardBestMaleDebut}}
}}
{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajput, Sushant Singh}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:2020 suicides]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Patna]]
[[Category:People with bipolar disorder]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Delhi Technological University alumni]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Actors and actresses who died by suicide]]

Lok Bhavan, Itanagar

2026-03-22T02:24:50Z

MohammadMullen: new new stub initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Lok Bhavan, Itanagar
| image = The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu with the Staff of Rajbhavan, in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.JPG
| caption = The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu with the Staff of Rajbhavan, in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|27|5|52|N|93|38|19|E|region:NP|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date = 1977
| completion_date =
| number_of_rooms =
| current_tenants = [[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]
| elevator_count =
| cost =
| floor_area =
| architect =
| engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of Arunachal Pradesh]]
| operator =
| references = [http://arunachalgovernor.nic.in/html/rajbhawan.htm Official Website]
}}
'''Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') is the [[official residence]] of the [[governor of Arunachal Pradesh]]. It is located in the capital city of [[Itanagar]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. The present [[governor of Arunachal Pradesh]] is [[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]].

==History==

The foundation of Raj Bhavan was laid by Late Shri K. A. A. Raja the then Lt. Governor of the Union Territory of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] on 17 April 1977. {{cn|date=November 2025}}

==Building Details==

It is located on a hillock close to a historical monument known as "Ita-Fort" (Eastern Gate). The area of the compound is approximately {{convert|27|acre|m2}} consisting of lawn and garden as well as kitchen garden and fruit trees.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

The main building comprises [[Governor's]] suite with attached dining and study rooms, three guest rooms namely "Tirap" "Lohit" and "Siang" on 1st floor and 2 guest rooms namely "Kameng" and "Subansiri" on the ground floor. Apart from these there are three annexe rooms "Tawang", "Dirang" and "Changlang" for the guests.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

Office room of Governor, ADC's room and room of PS are on the ground floor. There is one library room and meeting halls namely Gandhi Hall, Siddharth Hall on the ground floor and Gayatri Hall on the 1st floor.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

There are two kitchens – the private kitchen of H.E. is on the 1st floor. The kitchen at ground floor is meant for guests and occasional parties.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

The Raj Bhavan has a Billiard room, a lawn tennis court, a badminton court; also a nine-hole golf course which could do with some revival. There is also a Helipad attached to the Raj Bhavan.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

The house consists of main 2-storeyed building, Secretariat building and Durbar Hall. The VIP Guest house is under construction by State PWD.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

==See also==
* [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire|Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://arunachalgovernor.nic.in/html/rajbhawan.htm The official web site of Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]

{{Raj Bhavan}}

[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Itanagar]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1977]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-struct-stub}}
{{ArunachalPradesh-stub}}

Rani Mukerji

2026-03-20T00:52:46Z

MohammadMullen: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1978)}}
{{featured article}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rani Mukerji
| image = Rani Mukerji snapped at Hema Malini’s 75th birthday celebration (cropped)(2).jpg
| caption = Mukerji in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|03|21}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater = [[SNDT Women's University]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1996–present
| works = [[Rani Mukerji filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Aditya Chopra]]|2014}}
| children = 1
| father = [[Ram Mukherjee]]
| family = [[Mukherjee-Samarth family|Mukherjee family]] [[List of Hindi film clans#Chopra family|Chopra family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Rani Mukerji|Full list]]
| signature = Signature of Rani Mukerji.svg
}}

'''Rani Mukerji''' ({{IPA|hns|raːni mʊkʰərdʒi}}; born 21 March 1978) is an Indian actress who works in [[Hindi]] films. She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Rani Mukerji|multiple accolades]], including a [[National Film Award]] and eight [[Filmfare Awards]]. Mukerji has featured in listings of the highest-paid actresses of the 2000s.<ref name="analysis">{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |title=Queen of hearts |date=8 August 2005 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?228160 |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217035138/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?228160 |archive-date=17 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="verve"/>

Born into the [[Mukherjee-Samarth family]], Mukerji began acting as a teenager by starring in her father [[Ram Mukherjee]]'s Bengali-language film ''[[Biyer Phool]]'' and in the social drama ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat]]'' (both 1996). Mukerji had her first commercial success with the action film [[Ghulam (film)|''Ghulam'']] and [[breakthrough role|breakthrough]] with the romance ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (both 1998). Following a brief setback, the year 2002 marked a turning point for her when she was cast by [[Yash Raj Films]] as the star of the drama ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''.

Mukerji established herself by starring in several commercially successful romantic films, including ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' (2003), ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'', ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (both 2004), and ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006), and the crime comedy ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005). She also gained praise for playing an abused wife in the political drama ''[[Yuva]]'' (2004) and a deaf and blind woman in the drama ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005). Mukerji's collaborations with Yash Raj Films from 2007 and 2010 produced several unsuccessful films and led critics to bemoan her choice of roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rani Mukerji Awards: Achievements & Honors |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/rani-mukerji/ |access-date=18 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This changed when she played a headstrong journalist in the biographical thriller ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' (2011). Further success came with the thrillers ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within|Talaash]]'' (2012), ''[[Mardaani]]'' (2014) , ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' (2019) and ''[[Mardaani 3]]'' (2025), the social message-drama ''[[Hichki]]'' (2018), which emerged as Mukerji's highest-grossing release, and the drama ''[[Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway]]'' (2023), which earned her the [[National Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|National Film Award for Best Actress]].

Mukerji is involved with humanitarian causes and is vocal about issues faced by women and children. She has participated in concert tours and stage shows, and featured as a talent judge for the 2009 reality show ''[[Dance Premier League]]''. Mukerji is married to filmmaker [[Aditya Chopra]], with whom she has a daughter.

== Early life and background ==
Mukerji was born in [[Bombay]] (present-day Mumbai) on 21 March 1978 into the [[Mukherjee-Samarth family]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wish Rani Mukerji! |date=19 March 2008 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/19wish.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=5 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083402/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/19wish.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="midday">{{cite news |last=Shekhar |first=Mayank |work=[[Mid-Day]] |title=Sit With Hitlist: Rani Mukerji Decoded In An Exclusive Interview With Mid-Day |date=28 June 2018 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sit-with-hitlist-rani-mukerji-decoded-in-an-exclusive-interview-with-mid-day/19559184 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628083829/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sit-with-hitlist-rani-mukerji-decoded-in-an-exclusive-interview-with-mid-day/19559184 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her father, [[Ram Mukherjee]], was a former film director and one of the founders of Filmalaya Studios. Her mother, Krishna Mukherjee, is a former [[playback singer]].<ref name="who" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=First-time fumblings |date=14 November 2007 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/14sl8.htm |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227081737/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/14sl8.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007}}</ref> Her elder brother, Raja Mukherjee, is a film producer and director.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khubchandani |first=Lata |work=Rediff.com |title=My sister, Rani |date=22 August 2002 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/22rani.htm |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083408/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/22rani.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> Her maternal aunt, [[Debashree Roy]], is a Bengali film actress and her paternal second cousin, [[Kajol]], is a Hindi film actress and her contemporary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |publisher=NDTV |title=Rani Mukerji: Bollywood's Bengal tigress |date=22 April 2014 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/rani-mukerji-bollywood-s-bengal-tigress-512098 |access-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042822/http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/rani-mukerji-bollywood-s-bengal-tigress-512098 |archive-date=3 January 2015}}</ref> Another paternal second cousin, [[Ayan Mukerji]], is a scriptwriter and film director.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |work=[[Mid-Day]] |title=Waking up Ayan |date=12 August 2008 |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/aug/120809-Ayan-Mukerji-Karan-Johar-Wake-up-Sid-Entertainment.htm |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403013803/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/aug/120809-Ayan-Mukerji-Karan-Johar-Wake-up-Sid-Entertainment.htm |archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> Despite her parents and many of her relatives being members of the Indian film industry, Mukerji was uninterested in pursuing a career in film.<ref name="school">{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |last=Khubchandani |first=Lata |title=Rani Mukerji: Don't just work for a paycheck |date=16 February 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-interview-with-actress-rani-mukerji/20120216.htm |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219001140/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-interview-with-actress-rani-mukerji/20120216.htm |archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> She said, "There were already too many actresses at home and I wanted to be someone different".<ref name="debut">{{cite news |author=Singh, Asha |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |title=Her talent speaks for itself |date=11 October 2001 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011011/main8.htm#2 |access-date=16 July 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011011/main8.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mukerji received her education at Maneckji Cooper High School in [[Juhu]] and graduated with a degree in [[Home Science]] from [[SNDT Women's University]].<ref name="school" /><ref name="sndt">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-15/news-interviews/30627849_1_films-rani-mukerji-sachin-kundalkar |title=Rani Mukerji won't marry an actor |first=Haimantee |last=Mukherjee |date=15 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521183103/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-15/news-interviews/30627849_1_films-rani-mukerji-sachin-kundalkar |archive-date=21 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She is a trained [[Odissi dance]]r and began learning the dance form while in the tenth grade.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/did-you-know-ranis-an-odissi-dancer/articleshow/21888947.cms |title=Did you know Rani's an Odissi dancer? |first=Karishma |last=Upadhyay |date=11 September 2002 |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030123002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/did-you-know-ranis-an-odissi-dancer/articleshow/21888947.cms |archive-date=30 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> As part of an annual tradition, the Mukherjee family celebrates the festival of [[Durga Puja]] in the suburban neighbourhood of [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]] every year. Mukerji, a practising [[Hindu]], takes part in the festivities with her entire family.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kashyap |first=Archita |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |title=Rani, Kajol keep spirit of Durga Puja alive |date=22 September 2011 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rani-kajol-keep-spirit-of-durga-puja-alive/50812-8.html |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726090058/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rani-kajol-keep-spirit-of-durga-puja-alive/50812-8.html |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Mid-Day]] |title=Rani Mukerji to celebrate Durga Puja with family |date=22 September 2011 |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/oct/031011-informer-5.htm |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104205750/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/oct/031011-informer-5.htm |archive-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>

In 1994, director [[Salim Khan]] approached Mukerji to play the lead female role in his directorial, ''[[Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1994 film)|Aa Gale Lag Jaa]]''. Her father disapproved of a full-time career in film at such a young age, so she rejected the offer.<ref name="sndt" /> At age 18, following her mother's suggestion that she pursue acting on an experimental basis, Mukerji accepted leading roles in the social drama ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat]]'', Khan's second offer to her, and her father's [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] ''[[Biyer Phool]]'', both of which were released on 18 October 1996.<ref>{{cite web|work=NDTV|title=Rani Mukherjee in a Bengali film|date=8 October 2010|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rani-mukherjee-in-a-bengali-film-57997|accessdate=22 August 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517080501/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rani-mukherjee-in-a-bengali-film-57997|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="midday" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Das |first=Amit |work=Hindustan Times |title=I didn't want to join films initially: Rani Mukerji |date=1 July 2008 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-didn-t-want-to-join-films-initially-rani-mukherji/story-sNXfffXlBpQPwpBGevHUlL.html |access-date=6 January 2012 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527032428/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-didn-t-want-to-join-films-initially-rani-mukherji/story-sNXfffXlBpQPwpBGevHUlL.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Before she began work on ''Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat'', Mukerji trained at Roshan Taneja's acting institute.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-21/bollywood/28104092_1_heap-rani-mukerji-feeling |title=Ranind others heap praises on Roshan Taneja |date=21 October 2009 |access-date=8 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521154234/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-21/bollywood/28104092_1_heap-rani-mukerji-feeling |archive-date=21 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> She portrayed a rape victim who is forced to marry her rapist. Although the film was a commercial failure,<ref name="BeingRani">{{cite web |last=SenGupta |first=Anuradha |publisher=CNN-IBN |title=Being Rani Mukerji:Bollywood's good girl |date=14 October 2007 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/being-rani-mukherji-bollywoods-good-girl/50494-8.html |access-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726100519/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/being-rani-mukherji-bollywoods-good-girl/50494-8.html |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> Mukerji's performance earned her a special recognition trophy at the annual [[Screen Awards]] ceremony.<ref name="who">{{cite web |publisher=[[NDTV]] |title=Who is Rani Mukherji? |date=21 March 2012 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/who-is-rani-mukherji-604058 |access-date=3 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919102507/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/who-is-rani-mukherji-604058 |archive-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> Following the film's poor showing at the box office, Mukerji returned to college to complete her education. However, inspired by her cousin Kajol's success in Hindi films, she decided to pursue a full-time career in films.<ref name="debut" />

== Career ==
{{See also|Rani Mukerji filmography}}

=== Breakthrough and initial struggle (1998–2001) ===
In 1998, Mukerji starred opposite [[Aamir Khan]] in [[Vikram Bhatt]]'s action film ''[[Ghulam (film)|Ghulam]]'', her first commercial success.<ref name="Box Office 1998">{{cite web |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |title=Box Office 1998 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=204&catName=MTk5OA== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010125407/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=204&catName=MTk5OA%3D%3D |archive-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Though her role in the film was brief, the song "[[Aati Kya Khandala]]" earned her public recognition.<ref name="tribune" /><ref>{{cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |work=Rediff.com |title=Rani Mukerji:People still remember me as the Khandala girl |date=27 November 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-rani-mukerji-people-still-remember-me-as-the-khandala-girl/20121127.htm |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130015846/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-rani-mukerji-people-still-remember-me-as-the-khandala-girl/20121127.htm |archive-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> Due to Mukerji's husky voice, Bhatt had someone with a higher pitched voice dub her lines; Mukerji stated that it was done as her voice "did not suit the character".<ref>{{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA388 |access-date=6 May 2013 |date=7 March 2012 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-5213-6 |page=388 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605163550/http://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA388 |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Rani Mukherjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3FDAAAAYAAJ |access-date=6 May 2013 |year=2006 |work=India Today |page=16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605153707/http://books.google.com/books?id=A3FDAAAAYAAJ |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> In the same year, [[Karan Johar]] cast her opposite [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Kajol]] in his directorial debut ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2015 |title=Shah Rukh Khan completes 23 years in Bollywood: From Fauji, Deewana to Dilwale |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/shah-rukh-khans-23-years-in-bollywood-from-deewana-to-dilwale/ |access-date=18 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The role was originally written for [[Twinkle Khanna]], but when she and several other leading ladies rejected it, Johar signed Mukerji on the insistence of Khan and the filmmaker [[Aditya Chopra]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/When-Karan-had-to-beg-Salman-Rani-for-Kuch-Kuch-Hota-Hai/articleshow/53156257.cms |title=When Karan Johar had to beg Salman Khan, Rani Mukerji for 'Kuch Kuch Hota Hai' |work=The Times of India |date=11 July 2016 |access-date=3 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808091807/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/When-Karan-had-to-beg-Salman-Rani-for-Kuch-Kuch-Hota-Hai/articleshow/53156257.cms |archive-date=8 August 2016}}</ref> She played Khan's character's love interest and later wife, Tina who dies after giving birth to their daughter. Johar had originally intended to dub Mukerji's voice, but she improved her diction and eventually provided her own voice.<ref name="poor cousin">{{cite news |title=Rani – From poor cousin to Bollywood's biggest star |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1239725371.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=8 March 2013 |date=21 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518065149/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1239725371.html |archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref> Reviewing the film for ''[[India Today]]'', Nandita Chowdhury wrote that it was "the gorgeous Rani who steals the show. Oozing oomph from every pore, she also proves herself an actress whose time has come".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19981026-movie-review-kuch-kuch-hota-hai-starring-shah-rukh-khan-kajol-rani-mukherjee-827286-1998-10-25 |author=Chowdhury, Nandita |title=Three is company (Movie review: 'Kuch Kuch Hota Hai') |work=[[India Today]] |date=26 October 1998 |access-date=6 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805224035/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/movie-review-kuch-kuch-hota-hai-starring-shah-rukh-khan-kajol-rani-mukherjee/1/265174.html |archive-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' proved a breakthrough for Mukerji;<ref name="top actresses" /> it had earnings of over {{INRConvert|1.03|b}} to emerge as the year's top-grossing Hindi film,<ref name="lifetime" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_world_total/1998 |title=Top Worldwide Grossers 1998 |publisher=Box Office India |date=22 July 2015 |access-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802055656/http://boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_world_total/1998 |archive-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> and won eight [[Filmfare Awards]], including [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for Mukerji.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-23055646.html |title='Kuch Kuch Hota Hai' wins all top Filmfare honors |work=India Abroad |date=26 February 1999 |access-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608083928/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-23055646.html |archive-date=8 June 2014}}</ref> Following this, she had starring roles in ''[[Mehndi (1998 film)|Mehndi]]'' (1998) and ''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' (1999), critical and commercial disappointments that failed to propel her career forward.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=CNN-IBN |title=Rani Mukherji's avatars since 1997 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/3618-32.html |access-date=23 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326054852/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/3618-32.html |archive-date=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 1999 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205 |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010125326/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ%3D%3D |archive-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Rani Mukerji 2001.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Mukerji at the audio release of ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'' in 2001]]

By 2000, Mukerji wanted to avoid typecasting as a "standard Hindi film heroine" and thus decided to portray more challenging roles in addition to the archetypical glamorous lead.<ref name="sassy">{{cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |title=Sassy Sirens |work=India Today |date=18 September 2000 |access-date=24 January 2011 |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20000918/cinema.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124045257/http://india-today.com/itoday/20000918/cinema.shtml |archive-date=24 November 2010}}</ref> In ''[[Badal]]'' and ''[[Bichhoo]]'', two male-centric action dramas (both starring [[Bobby Deol]]), she played roles that were met with little acclaim from critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/feb/12badal.htm |title=What a waste! |last=Taliculam |first=Sharmila |work=Rediff.com |date=12 February 2000 |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017203811/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/feb/12badal.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |title=Oh, for an aspirin! |date=15 December 2000 |url=http://www.rediff.com/%0Amovies/2000/jul/07bich.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083241/http://www.rediff.com/%0Amovies/2000/jul/07bich.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> A supporting role in [[Kamal Haasan]]'s bilingual film ''[[Hey Ram]]'' proved more rewarding. The film was a partly fictionalised account of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s assassination and Mukerji played a Bengali school teacher who is raped and murdered during communal riots in Calcutta.<ref>{{cite web |author=Suggu, Kanchana |title=Working with Kamal was a dream come true |date=17 January 2000 |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jan/17rani.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=27 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050914075353/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jan/17rani.htm |archive-date=14 September 2005}}</ref> Having only portrayed glamorous roles thus far, she was challenged by Haasan's insistence on realism and to appear on screen without wearing make-up; she believed that the experience changed her approach to acting.<ref name="midday" /> The controversial subject matter of ''Hey Ram'' led to poor box office earnings, but the film was critically acclaimed and selected as [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India's official entry to the Oscars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_gross_boxoffice/2000 |title=Top India Total Nett Gross 2000 |publisher=Box Office India |date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828013103/http://boxofficeindia.com/Years/year_gross_boxoffice/2000 |archive-date=28 August 2015 |access-date=16 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Reddy, Krithika |title=Film review: "Hey! Ram" |date=25 February 2000 |url=http://hindu.com/2000/02/25/stories/09250221.htm |access-date=6 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091321/http://hindu.com/2000/02/25/stories/09250221.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Kannan, Ramya |title=Hey Ram: ready to strike gold? |date=13 November 2000 |url=http://hindu.com/2000/11/13/stories/09130221.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024151116/http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/13/stories/09130221.htm |archive-date=24 October 2004}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' took note of her performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Kala Krishnan |date=20 February 2000 |title=Hey Ram |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb20/rev.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229081909/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb20/rev.htm |archive-date=29 February 2000 |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> After starring in the romantic comedies ''[[Hadh Kar Di Aapne]]'' and ''[[Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (2000 film)|Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=439|title=Hadh Kar Di Aapne - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=745|title=Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye – Movie|website=Box Office India|accessdate=30 September 2020}}</ref> Mukerji starred alongside [[Salman Khan]] and [[Preity Zinta]] in the romantic comedy ''[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]'', which earned her second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination.<ref name="oldawards">{{cite web |url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10576/index.html |title=Rani Mukherjee: Awards & nominations |access-date=23 July 2010 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231024510/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10576/index.html |archive-date=31 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Adarsh, Taran |title=Har Dil Jo Pyaar Karega: Movie Review |date=15 December 2000 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201760 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=23 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726182744/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201760 |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> Padmaraj Nair of ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' found her role to be "too meagre for her to prove herself" but added that "she is quite adequate in whatever scenes she has been given".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=11 August 2000 |archive-date=16 August 2000 |title=Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega – Salman, Preity excel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816035607/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/20000811/freview.htm |url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/20000811/freview.htm |access-date=6 May 2013 |author=Nair, Padmaraj}}</ref> It was a moderate box-office success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2000|title = Top Worldwide Grossers 2000|work=Box Office India}}</ref>

Mukerji's first film of 2001, ''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'', was released after controversy over the film's funding by the [[Mumbai underworld]] delayed it by a few months.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |title=Dirty money cleans up for Bollywood blockbuster |work=The Guardian |date=14 March 2001 |access-date=25 April 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/mar/14/filmnews.film |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510162843/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/mar/14/filmnews.film |archive-date=10 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film, based on [[surrogacy]], marked her second collaboration with Salman Khan and Zinta.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rent-a-womb-goes-pink/story-gl0G31MR2YD5TGe7GhsC7L.html |title=Rent-a-womb goes pink |last=Marwah |first=Navdeep Kaur |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 September 2010 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828082039/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rent-a-womb-goes-pink/story-gl0G31MR2YD5TGe7GhsC7L.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Renuka |first=Methil |title=Salman Khan, Rani Mukherjee and Preity Zinta to play winsome-threesome again |work=India Today |date=27 November 2000 |access-date=25 April 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20001127-salman-khan-rani-mukherjee-and-preity-zinta-to-play-winsome-threesome-again-778489-2000-11-27 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527032426/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20001127-salman-khan-rani-mukherjee-and-preity-zinta-to-play-winsome-threesome-again-778489-2000-11-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> Film critic [[Sukanya Verma]] found Mukerji to be "handicapped with a role that doesn't give her much scope" and preferred the "meatier" role of Zinta.<ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |title=Preity Trite |date=9 March 2001 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/mar/09cccc.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124104455/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/mar/09cccc.htm |archive-date=24 January 2016}}</ref> The film played well at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/top-grossers/year/2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728131235/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/top-grossers/year/2001|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2013|title=Box Office Collection in India 2001 - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> In ''[[Bas Itna Sa Khwaab Hai]]'' and ''[[Nayak: The Real Hero]]'', films that failed to gain a wide audience theatrically, Mukerji played the love interests of [[Abhishek Bachchan]] and [[Anil Kapoor]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2001 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ== |access-date=11 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132444/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In a review for the latter film, Sarita Tanwar of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' bemoaned that she had "very little to do except being part of some magnificently picturised songs".<ref>{{cite web |author=Tanwar, Sarita |title=If Anil were CM, India would rock! |date=6 September 2001 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/06nayak.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125011811/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/06nayak.htm |archive-date=25 January 2008}}</ref> She had an extended cameo in her final release that year, ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohamed |first1=Khalid |date=2001 |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/bombaytalkies/k3g.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020616153045/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/bombaytalkies/k3g.html |archive-date=16 June 2002 |access-date=13 October 2020 |work=[[Filmfare|Bombay Talkies]]}}</ref> An article in ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' summarised that a majority of her roles post ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' were "inconsequential".<ref name="mint" />

=== Established actress (2002–2006) ===
Mukerji began collaborating with [[Yash Raj Films]] in 2002, when the company cast her in two productions: ''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Bharati |date=5 August 2002 |title=Friends forever |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/05rani.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320073118/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/05rani.htm |archive-date=20 March 2005 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> a romantic comedy co-starring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]], and ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]'', a remake of the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] romance ''[[Alaipayuthey]]''.<ref name="midday" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/saathiya-review-bollywood-pcluyvcbcaecd.html |title=Saathiya |date=17 April 2003 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019041636/https://www.sify.com/movies/saathiya-review-bollywood-pcluyvcbcaecd.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The former performed poorly at the box office, as did her two collaborations with [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] that year{{mdash}}''[[Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai]]'' and ''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]''.<ref name="boxofficeindia2002">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2002 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131949/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sify.com/movies/chalo-ishq-ladaye-review-bollywood-pcluy6gihjggj.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428235202/https://www.sify.com/movies/chalo-ishq-ladaye-review-bollywood-pcluy6gihjggj.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=28 April 2022 | title=Chalo Ishq Ladaye Movie Review | website=[[Sify]] |accessdate=25 November 2019}}</ref> The romantic drama ''Saathiya'', however, proved a turning point in her career.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |author=Gangadhar, V. |work=The Tribune |title=Superstars |date=5 February 2005 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050205/saturday/main1.htm |access-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050205/saturday/main1.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref> At the [[48th Filmfare Awards]], she received her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] nomination and was awarded the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Critics Award for Best Actress]] (shared with [[Manisha Koirala]] in ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'').<ref name="oldawards" /><ref name="mint">{{cite news |work=Mint |last=Jha |first=Lata |title=Ten hits that helped actors bounce back |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/QMUFu4fxJ02I8tjwr8yCFN/Ten-hits-that-helped-actors-bounce-back.html |date=2 December 2015 |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706104429/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/QMUFu4fxJ02I8tjwr8yCFN/Ten-hits-that-helped-actors-bounce-back.html |archive-date=6 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Rani Mukerji on a roll |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/cinema/Rani-Mukerji-on-a-roll/Article1-29311.aspx |access-date=8 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726153341/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/cinema/Rani-Mukerji-on-a-roll/Article1-29311.aspx |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> [[Shaad Ali]] cast her in the role of Suhani Sharma, a medical student who deals with the troubles of being married at a young age, for the vulnerability that he found in her.<ref>{{cite web |author=Selvaraj, Sreeram |title=''Saathiya'' is like an exam for me |date=17 December 2002 |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/dec/17shaad.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113160130/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/dec/17shaad.htm |archive-date=13 November 2012}}</ref> She refused the offer at first as she disliked the idea of remaking an accomplished film but was convinced to accept the part by the film's producer Aditya Chopra.<ref name="midday" /> In it, she played opposite [[Vivek Oberoi]], with whom she did not enjoy working, saying that his "attitude was bothersome".<ref>{{cite web |author=Jha, Subhash K |title=People are happy with me in Saathiya. So am I |date=21 March 2003 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/rani/20030321.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527032428/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/rani/20030321.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Saathiya'' emerged as a commercial success.<ref name="boxofficeindia2002" /> The ''[[BBC]]'' wrote that "Mukerji plays the character of a middle-class girl with great conviction",<ref>{{cite web |publisher=BBC |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |title=Saathyia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2003/01/saathyia.shtml |access-date=8 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111022433/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2003/01/saathyia.shtml |archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> and Udita Jhunjhunwala of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' added that "her expressions and acting are understated in a role that fits her like a glove".<ref>{{cite news |author=Jhunjhunwala, Udita |title=Saathiya |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=21 December 2002 |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/december/39633.htm |access-date=26 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030202113210/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/december/39633.htm |archive-date=2 February 2003}}</ref>

[[File:Rani Mukerji 2003.jpg|thumb|upright|Mukerji at the audio launch of ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' in 2003]]

The year 2003 marked the beginning of the most successful period in Mukerji's career.<ref name="top actresses">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Top Actress |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017104803/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=17 October 2013}}</ref> She replaced [[Aishwarya Rai]] to play the lead opposite Shah Rukh Khan in [[Aziz Mirza]]'s romance ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''.<ref name="cc">{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ronjita |work=Rediff.com |title=I worked hard to match Shah Rukh |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/apr/30chalte.htm |date=30 April 2003 |access-date=13 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102103053/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/apr/30chalte.htm |archive-date=2 January 2007}}</ref> Media reports suggested that Rai was replaced after feuding with her then boyfriend Salman Khan on the film's sets, but Shah Rukh Khan insisted that Mukerji had been the original choice for the role.<ref name="cc" /><ref>{{cite news |author=Shah, Kunal M. |title=A decade of decadence |date=31 December 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/A-Decade-of-decadence/articleshow/7195010.cms |access-date=18 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020040304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-31/news-interviews/28236351_1_rakhi-sawant-salman-khan-vivek-oberoi |archive-date=20 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji believed that the theme of ''Chalte Chalte'', which dealt with misunderstandings between a married couple, was similar to that of ''Saathiya'', and she tried to lend variety to the role by putting "them against a different background".<ref name="rediff03">{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ronjita |work=Rediff.com |date=12 June 2003 |title=Shah Rukh would scold me if I performed badly |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/12rani.htm |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726164354/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/12rani.htm |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> She has said that working with Shah Rukh Khan was a learning experience for her, and he would often scold her if she performed inadequately.<ref name="rediff03" /> A commercial success, ''[[Box Office India]]'' credited it as a career comeback for Mukerji,<ref name="top actresses" /> and she received her second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="oldawards" /><ref name="boxofficeindia">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2003 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131904/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> None of her other releases of the year—''[[Chori Chori (2003 film)|Chori Chori]]'', ''[[Calcutta Mail]]'', and ''[[LOC: Kargil]]''—made a mark.<ref name="boxofficeindia" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/18/stories/2004011800140500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114075806/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/01/18/stories/2004011800140500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2005|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=LOC-Kagil: How 'real'?|date=18 January 2004|last=thrki}}</ref>

At the [[50th Filmfare Awards]], Mukerji won both the Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress awards, becoming the only actress to win both awards in the same year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shah Rukh, Rani Mukherjee bag top awards |date=28 February 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/28/stories/2005022809430300.htm |access-date=22 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104024122/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/28/stories/2005022809430300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=4 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="bio">{{cite web |publisher=Zee News |title=Biography of Rani Mukerji |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Rani-Mukerji.htm |access-date=10 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906014552/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Rani-Mukerji.htm |archive-date=6 September 2013 |date=December 2008}}</ref> The Best Supporting Actress win was for [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Yuva]]'' (2004), a [[composite film]] with an ensemble cast, about three youngsters from different strata of society whose lives intersect by a car accident; Mukerji was cast as Shashi Biswas, a poor Bengali housewife who is abused by her husband, a local goon (Abhishek Bachchan). She based her role on her house helps who were abused by their husbands and observed their body language and speaking style.<ref name="midday" /> [[Taran Adarsh]] wrote, "Amongst the leading ladies, it is Rani Mukerji who is the best of the lot. The role demanded an actress of substance and Rani more than lives up to the expectations."<ref>{{cite web |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |title=Yuva (2004):Hindi movie review by Taran Adarsh |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510616 |date=21 May 2004 |access-date=8 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425060457/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510616 |archive-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> She won the Best Actress award for her starring role as Rhea Prakash in [[Kunal Kohli]]'s ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' (2004), a romantic comedy about two headstrong individuals who meet at different stages of their lives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hum Tum turns 13: I always wanted to work with Rani, says Kunal Kohli|website=Hindustan Times |date=29 May 2017 |access-date=12 October 2020 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hum-tum-turns-13-kunal-kohli-reveals-why-hrithik-roshan-turned-down-the-film/story-Z0TdAOe9hN5V83NgTUcyzM.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hum Tum is memorable because of Chintu uncle: Rani Mukerji |website=Daily Pioneer |date=28 May 2020 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/vivacity/hum-tum-is-memorable-because-of-chintu-uncle--rani.html}}</ref> The film pitted her opposite [[Saif Ali Khan]] and proved one of the biggest commercial successes of the year.<ref name="Box Office 2004">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2004 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132208/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' found Mukerji's portrayal of Rhea
to be "self-assuredly competent" and Tanmaya Kumar Nanda of ''Rediff.com'' wrote, "Rani is her usual collected self, changing into the many hues of her character with the ease of a chameleon".<ref>{{cite news |last=Mahesh |first=Chitra |title=Hum Tum |date=4 June 2004 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060401780300.htm |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040912105133/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060401780300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar Nanda |first=Tanmay |work=Rediff.com |title=Hum Tum: a casting coup! |date=29 May 2004 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/29hum.htm |access-date=25 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015000444/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/29hum.htm |archive-date=15 October 2012}}</ref>

This success continued when [[Yash Chopra]] cast her in his period romantic drama ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004). Set against the background of [[India–Pakistan relations]], it is about the titular star-crossed lovers (Shah Rukh Khan and Preity Zinta).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-sep-19-ca-chopra19-story.html |title=Lifting a red velvet curtain |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=19 September 2004 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527032427/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-sep-19-ca-chopra19-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In a part originally written for a man, Mukerji played a Pakistani lawyer who tries to help the couple.<ref name="tel04" /> With a worldwide gross of {{INRConvert|940|m}},<ref name="lifetime">{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=9 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015223626/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=15 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Veer-Zaara'' emerged as the highest-grossing Hindi film of the year, and it was later screened at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="Overseas Box Office">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Overseas |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006052405/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=6 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shedde |first=Meenakshi |work=Rediff.com |title=Amu, Veer-Zaara strike cord in Berlin |date=22 February 2005 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/feb/22berlin.htm |access-date=25 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143152/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/feb/22berlin.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Derek Elley of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' took note of the "quietly dignified perf from Mukerji", and the BBC opined that she "deserves praise for her acting. To act through your eyes and not using dialogue is an art. Rani for one, has perfected this."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/veer-zaara-1200529469/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |title=Veer-Zaara |first=Derek |last=Elley |date=17 November 2004 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083458/https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/veer-zaara-1200529469/ |archive-date=6 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |publisher=BBC |title=Veer-Zaara review |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/11/veer_zaara_review.shtml |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112155332/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/11/veer_zaara_review.shtml |archive-date=12 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> She won the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]], and received her fourth nomination in the same category at Filmfare.<ref name="oldawards" />

[[File:RaniMukerji10.jpg|thumb|left|Mukerji at the [[Apsara Awards]] ceremony, where she was awarded [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress]] for her performance in ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005)]]

In 2005, ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' magazine published that Mukerji had established herself as the most successful actress of contemporary Hindi cinema.<ref name="analysis" /> Her first film role that year was opposite [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'', a drama about an alcoholic man who dedicates his life to teach a blind and deaf girl how to communicate.{{sfn|Chatterji|2020|p=264}} Bhansali wrote the part of the blind-deaf girl specifically for Mukerji, who was initially hesitant to take on the role due to its "challenging" subject matter.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kaur, Swarleen |work=The Tribune |title=Rani finds 'Black' a learning experience |date=6 January 2005 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050106/cth1.htm#17 |access-date=27 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050106/cth1.htm |archive-date=21 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Once Bhansali enforced his faith in her, she agreed and began studying sign language with professionals at the [[Helen Keller]] Institute in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Mid-Day]] |title=When Bollywood stars move closer to a silent world |date=17 June 2011 |url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2011/jun/170611-When-Bollywood-stars-move-closer-to-a-silent-world.htm |access-date=27 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619194408/http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2011/jun/170611-When-Bollywood-stars-move-closer-to-a-silent-world.htm |archive-date=19 June 2011}}</ref> ''Black'' won several awards including two [[National Film Awards]] and 11 Filmfare Awards,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/amitabh-gets-best-actor-award-for-black_394916.html |title=Amitabh gets best actor award for 'Black' |publisher=Zee News |date=14 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081112/https://zeenews.india.com/home/amitabh-gets-best-actor-award-for-black_394916.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/winners-of-the-51st-filmfare-awards_277404.html |title=Winners of the 51st Filmfare Awards |publisher=Zee News |date=22 February 2006 |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425121303/https://zeenews.india.com/home/winners-of-the-51st-filmfare-awards_277404.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' featured it as the fifth best film of the year.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1143731,00.html |title=2005's best movies |date=23 December 2005 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=15 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924024440/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0%2C8599%2C1143731%2C00.html |archive-date=24 September 2010}}</ref> ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine called Mukerji's performance "astonishing",<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/ReviewComplete.asp?FID=10984 |title=Empire's Black movie review |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212023/http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/ReviewComplete.asp?FID=10984 |archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> and ''[[Filmfare]]'' included her work in their listing of Indian cinema's "80 Most Iconic performances" and wrote, "Rani has left an indelible mark with this role that usually comes once in a lifetime for most".<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.filmfare.com/details.php?id=954 |title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 9/10 |access-date=8 July 2013 |date=9 June 2010 |journal=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225101342/http://filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performance-910-990.html |archive-date=25 February 2012}}</ref> She became the only actress to win both the Best Actress and Best Actress – Critics trophies at the Filmfare Awards ceremony.<ref name="oldawards" /><ref name="bio" />

Mukerji received a second Best Actress nomination that year at Filmfare, and her fifth overall, for her work opposite Abhishek Bachchan in ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'', which marked her fifth collaboration with Yash Raj Films.{{sfn|Dawar|2006|p=105}} She played the title character of Babli, a [[con woman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Bollywood's MOST Beloved Characters|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-bollywood-s-most-beloved-characters/20121219.htm#1|website=Rediff.com |accessdate=21 September 2022}}</ref> The film was the second highest-grossing Hindi film of 2005.<ref name="BO2005">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2005 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&catName=MjAwNQ== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132120/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&catName=MjAwNQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''Outlook'' wrote that she "plays to the gallery with ease".<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |work=Outlook |title=Bunty aur Babli |date=13 June 2005 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?227633 |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202165402/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?227633 |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> Mukerji followed it with [[Amol Palekar]]'s fantasy film ''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]'', reuniting her with Shah Rukh Khan. The film was a box office flop in India but was given a strong international release;<ref name="BO2005" /> it was screened at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] and was India's submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the [[79th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=157915 |title=Now showing: Bollywood to Hollywood, Paheli makes the moves |access-date=30 September 2020 |author=Mehta, Sunanda |date=19 November 2005 |work=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514083504/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=157915 |archive-date=14 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/26paheli.htm |title=Paheli is India's Oscar entry |date=26 September 2005 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=5 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828043613/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/26paheli.htm |archive-date=28 August 2009}}</ref> Raja Sen of ''Rediff.com'' was impressed by the film as well as Mukerji's performance which he called "another perfectly played part".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/24pah.htm |title=Paheli is a breathtaking dream |date=12 June 2005 |access-date=27 August 2011 |work=Rediff.com |author=Sen, Raja |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418071953/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/24pah.htm |archive-date=18 April 2012}}</ref> Mukerji's final release of the year was the period film ''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]'', about the [[Mangal Pandey|titular soldier]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4WadcncjsRUC&q=Mangal+Pandey%3A+The+Rising+Mangal+Pandey&pg=PA71 |title=The Upside Down Tree: India's Changing Culture |last=Connerney |first=Richard D. |year=2009 |pages=70–71 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-649-9 |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081112/https://books.google.com/books?id=4WadcncjsRUC&q=Mangal+Pandey%3A+The+Rising+Mangal+Pandey&pg=PA71 |url-status=live}}</ref> Director [[Ketan Mehta]] initially approached her for a cameo appearance, which was developed into a larger part during filming.<ref>{{cite web |last=Da Cunha |first=Uma |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/12ketan.htm |title=I wanted to make Mangal Pandey 17 years ago |date=12 August 2005 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=5 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007000511/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/12ketan.htm |archive-date=7 October 2008}}</ref> Her role was that of Heera, a prostitute who becomes the love interest of Pandey (Aamir Khan).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=52577 |title=BJP demands ban on Mangal Pandey |date=11 August 2005 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=29 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224213657/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=52577 |archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref> Derek Elley mentioned that despite a small role, Mukerji made "the most of her feisty nautch-girl".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-08-15-2005-30 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] {{Subscription required}} |title=The Rising: Ballad Of Mangal Pandey Movie Review |first=Derek |last=Elley |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=6 May 2013 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121205702/https://varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-08-15-2005-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mukerji turned down an offer from [[Mira Nair]] to star in the English film ''[[The Namesake (film)|The Namesake]]'', choosing instead to reteam with Karan Johar in ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006), a drama about infidelity.<ref name="tel04">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/people/cid/966680 |title=People |date=19 November 2004 |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611124821/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/people/cid/966680 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/27/arts/27iht-fmlede28.2309883.html |title=The new Bollywood: Love, marriage... and infidelity |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |date=27 July 2006 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417083125/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/27/arts/27iht-fmlede28.2309883.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Collaborating once again with Shah Rukh Khan, Abhishek Bachchan and Zinta, she played an unhappily married woman who has an affair with a married man. Commenting on the divisive nature of her role, Mukerji said that it changed her own perception of love and marriage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji says Karan Johar's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna was a turning point in her life. Here's why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rani-mukerji-says-shah-rukh-khan-and-karan-johars-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-was-a-turning-point-in-her-life-heres-why-exclusive-2347871-2023-03-17 |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=India Today|date=17 March 2023 }}</ref><ref name="verve">{{cite news |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/rani-mukerji-acting-is-a-tough-job |title=Acting is a tough job! |date=18 August 2007 |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227020342/http://www.vervemagazine.in/people/rani-mukerji-acting-is-a-tough-job |archive-date=27 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was a popular release, earning over {{INRConvert|1.13|b}} to emerge as the highest-grossing Hindi film in overseas to that point.<ref name="Overseas Box Office" /> [[Rajeev Masand]] wrote that the "consistently competent Rani Mukherjee takes on the film's toughest role {{mdash}} a part that may be hard to sympathise with {{mdash}} but she injects it with tenderness and believability", but Kaveree Bamzai of ''India Today'' dismissed it as another one of her roles requiring the "art of weeping copiously and smiling valiantly".<ref>{{cite web |author=Masand, Rajeev |publisher=CNN-IBN |title=Masand's verdict: Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |date=11 August 2006 |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/masands-verdict--kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/18315-8-single.html |access-date=25 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029135010/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict--kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/18315-8.html |archive-date=29 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20060828-film-review-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-782613-2006-08-28 |title=Movie review: 'Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna' starring Shah Rukh Khan, Abhishek Bachchan |date=28 August 2006 |work=India Today |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081119/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20060828-film-review-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-782613-2006-08-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> It won Mukerji a third consecutive [[IIFA Award for Best Actress]] and a sixth Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref name="oldawards" /> The poorly received melodrama ''[[Baabul (2006 film)|Baabul]]'' was her final film appearance of that year.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2006 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132118/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/08baabul.htm |title=Big B, Rani excel in Baabul |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Sudarshana |last2=Verma |first2=Sukanya |date=8 December 2006 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211072221/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/08baabul.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Professional setback (2007–2009) ===
Following the failure of ''Baabul'', Yash Raj Films cast Mukerji in [[Siddharth Anand]]'s family drama ''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]'' in the role of a racing driver's (Saif Ali Khan) wife and the mother of two. She was excited to play the part of a mother for the first time, and modelled her character after her own mother.<ref name="mother">{{cite news |title=Rani models her 'Ta Ra Rum Pum' performance on her mom |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1261402481.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=7 May 2013 |date=27 April 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611022337/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1261402481.html |archive-date=11 June 2014}}</ref> Released in 2007, the film was a financial success,<ref name="Box Office 2007">{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Box Office 2007 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> but received mixed reactions from critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ta_ra_rum_pum |title=Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007) |date=27 April 2007 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031220737/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ta_ra_rum_pum |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Khalid Mohamed]] hailed Mukerji's performance as "near flawless" but Rajeev Masand thought that neither she nor Khan "are able to make much of an impression because their characters are so unidimensional and boring."<ref>{{cite news |author=Mohamed, Khalid |work=Hindustan Times |title=Review: Ta Ra Rum Pum |date=27 April 2007 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/story-O29AD6AiGjTGMGbm4iPlMN.html |access-date=4 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031100821/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/story-O29AD6AiGjTGMGbm4iPlMN.html |archive-date=31 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Masand, Rajeev |publisher=CNN-IBN |title=Movie Review: Ta Ra Rum Pum |date=27 April 2007 |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/now-showing-10-263940.html |access-date=30 September 2007 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081125/https://www.news18.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The drama ''[[Laaga Chunari Mein Daag]]'' from director [[Pradeep Sarkar]] starred Mukerji as a young woman who is forced to moonlight as a prostitute to fend for her family.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Raman |work=Rediff.com |date=8 October 2007 |title=I am comfortable working with Abhishek |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/08sli2.htm |access-date=22 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112114/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/08sli2.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Her portrayal earned her a seventh Best Actress nomination at Filmfare,<ref name="oldawards" /> but the film had poor critical and financial returns.<ref name="Box Office 2007" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008701-laaga_chunari_mein_daag |title=Laaga Chunari Mein Daag – Journey of a Woman (2007) |date=12 October 2007 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204003946/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008701-laaga_chunari_mein_daag/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' noted that Mukerji was responsible for "hold[ing] the film together, even if her part, both as the ingénue and the hooker, doesn't have freshness".<ref>{{cite news |author=Gupta, Shubhra |work=The Indian Express |title=Movie Review: Laaga Chunari Mein Daag |date=1 November 2007 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/laga-chunari-mein-daag/228028/0 |access-date=27 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140201165350/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/laga-chunari-mein-daag/228028/0 |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Rani Mukerji 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|alt=Rani Mukerji is looking away from the camera|Mukerji at a promotional event for ''[[Dil Bole Hadippa!]]'' in 2009]]

Mukerji once again played a prostitute in Bhansali's ''[[Saawariya]]'', an adaptation of [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]'s ''[[White Nights (short story)|White Nights]]'', co-starring [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Sonam Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-bollywood-diwali/bollywood-releases-pit-dostoevsky-vs-reincarnation-idUSDEL25012220071107 |title=Bollywood releases pit Dostoevsky vs reincarnation |work=[[Reuters]] |last=Mukherjee |first=Krittivas |date=7 November 2007 |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081151/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-bollywood-diwali/bollywood-releases-pit-dostoevsky-vs-reincarnation-idUSDEL25012220071107 |url-status=live}}</ref> She insisted that the consecutive prostitutes she played were different from each other, with the one in ''Saawariya'' having "no problem with her profession".<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani hooked to prostitute roles |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1372594021.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=7 May 2013 |date=26 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611022332/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1372594021.html |archive-date=11 June 2014}}</ref> Her only release in three years not produced by Yash Raj Films, it was the first Indian film produced by a Hollywood studio, [[Sony Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Giridharadas |first=Anand |title=Hollywood Starts Making Bollywood Films in India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/08/movies/08boll.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 August 2007 |access-date=22 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210022830/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/08/movies/08boll.html |archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> The film was a box office flop and met with poor reactions from critics.<ref name="Box Office 2007" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Saawariya (2007) |date=9 November 2007 |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/10008748-saawariya/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=23 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055015/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008748-saawariya/ |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Mukerji's performance, which was described by [[A. O. Scott]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' as "divine", earned her a second Filmfare nomination that year, this time for Best Supporting Actress, her fifth in the category.<ref name="oldawards" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Scott |first=A.O. |title=Film in review; Saawariya |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9E05EEDF1238F93AA35752C1A9619C8B63.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=24 April 2020 |date=9 November 2007 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081120/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9E05EEDF1238F93AA35752C1A9619C8B63.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of 2007, Mukerji's popularity had begun to wane.<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |last=Mirani |first=Vinod |title=2007's biggest flops |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/26sld6.htm |date=26 December 2007 |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083312/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/26sld6.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> ''Rediff.com'' attributed this to her "monotonous pairing" with the same set of actors; ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' published that she had become an "exclusive Yash Raj heroine" which hindered other filmmakers from approaching her.<ref name="over">{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |title=Readers pick: Bollywood's most over-rated |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/24slide8.htm |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083329/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/24slide8.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="ruin">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Vajir |work=Hindustan Times |title=Is Rani Mukerji ruining her career? |date=2 January 2007 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/is-rani-mukherjee-ruining-her-career/story-iyw7sLCwLUi9gS8y7MY7iL.html |access-date=25 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312022947/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/is-rani-mukherjee-ruining-her-career/story-iyw7sLCwLUi9gS8y7MY7iL.html |archive-date=12 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After a series of dramatic parts, Mukerji sought to play a light-hearted part, which she found in Kunal Kohli's ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]'' (2008), a children's film about an angel who comes to Earth to help four troubled kids.<ref>{{cite news |last=D. Gupta |first=Pratim |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |title=Guardian Angel |date=24 June 2008 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452063.jsp |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201224218/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452063.jsp |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> In a scathing review, Khalid Mohamed criticised Mukerji's choice of roles and wrote that "she's one-dimensional, either darting full blast smiles or tetchy scowls. Her costumes, too, are uneasy-on-the-eyes".<ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |work=Hindustan Times |title=Review: Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic |date=27 June 2008 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-thoda-pyaar-thoda-magic/story-QHLNwKFZD3VWPfIPowOTTP.html |access-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031094017/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-thoda-pyaar-thoda-magic/story-QHLNwKFZD3VWPfIPowOTTP.html |archive-date=31 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film had low box office returns and further contributed to a decline in Mukerji's career prospects.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 2008 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An ''India Today'' article spoke of her "running out of luck at the box office" and mentioned her decline in endorsements.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20090223-fizzing-out-738976-2009-02-13 |title=Fizzing out |date=13 February 2009 |work=India Today |last=Motihar |first=Jhilmil |access-date=24 November 2021 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124025120/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20090223-fizzing-out-738976-2009-02-13 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In an attempt to overcome this decline, Mukerji lost weight and underwent a makeover.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 September 2009 |work=Rediff.com |title=The rise and fall of Rani Mukerji |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/23/slide-show-1-the-rise-and-fall-of-rani-mukerji.htm |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034622/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/23/slide-show-1-the-rise-and-fall-of-rani-mukerji.htm |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref> She continued to collaborate with Yash Raj Films, taking on a starring role opposite [[Shahid Kapoor]] in the romantic comedy ''[[Dil Bole Hadippa!]]'' (2009). Mukerji had high expectations from the film in which she played a cricket-obsessed Punjabi village girl masquerading as a man, and it had its world premiere at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |last=Pais |first=Arthur J. |title=Rani Mukherji steals the show at Toronto film festival |date=14 September 2009 |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/sep/14/rani-mukherji-steals-the-show-at-toronto-film-festival.htm |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529150124/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/sep/14/rani-mukherji-steals-the-show-at-toronto-film-festival.htm |archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'' critic Gaurav Malani was disappointed with the picture and wrote that Mukerji "comes up with a spirited performance but her mock sob-whine-whimper do not amuse anymore. Also after a point you dislike visualizing the charming actress as the moustached male player".<ref>{{cite news |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |work=[[The Economic Times]] |title=Movie Review: Dil Bole Hadippa |date=18 September 2009 |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-09-18/news/28405460_1_indo-pak-cricket-cricket-team-veera |access-date=22 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521170722/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-09-18/news/28405460_1_indo-pak-cricket-cricket-team-veera |archive-date=21 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was Mukerji's fourth financial failure in a row.<ref>{{cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |work=Rediff.com |title=The Bollywood flops of 2009 |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/24/slide-show-1-the-bollywood-flops-of-2009.htm |date=24 December 2009 |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405092801/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/24/slide-show-1-the-bollywood-flops-of-2009.htm |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> When questioned about her recent spate of flops with the Yash Raj Films banner, she defended the collaborations, saying that "I stand by those films regardless of their fate".<ref>{{cite news |title=No actor sticks to one production house: Rani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/No-actor-sticks-to-one-production-house-Rani/articleshow/7058694.cms |date=8 December 2010 |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521181244/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-08/news-interviews/28257696_1_roles-yash-raj-films-rani-mukerji |archive-date=21 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> Later that year, she featured as a talent judge for the [[Sony Entertainment Television]] reality show ''[[Dance Premier League]]''. She agreed to appear on television to gain visibility during a low phase in her film career.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/22/stories/2009112250070200.htm |title=In passing |last=Behal |first=Suchitra |date=22 November 2009 |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919011332/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/22/stories/2009112250070200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref>

=== Success in thrillers and ''Hichki'' (2010–2019) ===
[[File:Mukerji at Audio release of Talaash.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rani Mukerji is smiling away from the camera|Mukerji at the audio release of ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]'' in 2012]]
Aniruddha Guha of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' described Mukerji's performance in the 2011 film ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' as "one of her best performances till date".<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |author=Guha, Aniruddha |date=5 January 2011 |access-date=25 October 2011 |title=Review: No One Killed Jessica is the film to beat in 2011 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_review-no-one-killed-jessica-is-the-film-to-beat-in-2011_1490682 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042203/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_review-no-one-killed-jessica-is-the-film-to-beat-in-2011_1490682 |archive-date=11 February 2012}}</ref> Co-starring [[Vidya Balan]], the film was Mukerji's first commercial success since ''Ta Ra Rum Pum'', and was especially noted for being so in the absence of a male star.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Viswamohan |editor1-first=Aysha Iqbal |editor2-last=Wilkinson |editor2-first=Clare M. |date=2020 |title=Stardom in Contemporary Hindi Cinema: Celebrity and Fame in Globalized Times |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789811501913 |page=225}}</ref><ref name="boxoffice2011">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-rediscovered-mega-hits-in-2011/212464-8-66.html |title=Bollywood rediscovered mega hits in 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=17 December 2011 |date=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726093958/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-rediscovered-mega-hits-in-2011/212464-8-66.html |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> Based on the [[Murder of Jessica Lal|Jessica Lal murder case]], it featured Mukerji as a fictionalised foul-mouthed journalist who is deeply involved with the case.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ramsubramaniam, Nikhil |date=14 July 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |title=Vidya Balan and Rani Mukerji in No One Killed Jessica |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/5914/newsid/1194301 |access-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726191655/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/5914/newsid/1194301 |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> She has described how different the role was from the ones she had previously played, saying, "I actually had to play a man!"<ref>{{cite news |work=The Telegraph |title='It's nice to be a trendsetter' |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111205/jsp/entertainment/story_14838591.jsp |access-date=22 November 2012 |date=5 December 2011 |first=Priyanka |last=Roy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726215501/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111205/jsp/entertainment/story_14838591.jsp |archive-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> Certain critics, however, were critical of her performance, including [[Anupama Chopra]], who called her role "the fatal, false note", arguing that "the character is written superficially and Rani's portrayal of her is equally banal. It's all about externals. She argues a lot and proudly labels herself a bitch, but her hair stays perfectly in place and in the end, she even gets to do a super-hero-like slow motion walk."<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: No One Killed Jessica |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-no-one-killed-jessica-585 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=22 April 2011 |date=7 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109030640/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-no-one-killed-jessica-585 |archive-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> Even so, the role earned her a third Best Supporting Actress trophy at Filmfare.<ref name="f2011">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Filmfare Awards 2011 winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Winners/articleshow/11676105.cms |date=31 January 2012 |access-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201090424/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Winners/articleshow/11676105.cms |archive-date=1 February 2012}}</ref>

Mukerji next accepted a leading role in the [[comedy of manners]] ''[[Aiyyaa]]'' (2012). Under the direction of [[Sachin Kundalkar]], she played a woman with a heightened sense of smell who develops a one-sided attraction towards [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]'s character. Critically and commercially unsuccessful,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/aiyyaa-random-continuum/article3994363.ece |title=Aiyyaa: Random Continuum |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |work=The Hindu |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017074520/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/aiyyaa-random-continuum/article3994363.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/women-actors-rule-hearts-and-the-box-office-in-2012/784571 |title=Women Actors Rule Hearts and the Box Office in 2012 |work=Outlook |date=23 December 2012 |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019103712/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/women-actors-rule-hearts-and-the-box-office-in-2012/784571 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Rediff.com'' criticised her decision to star in the film, writing that she "gets no support from the way her character is written".<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Aiyaa |last=Zore |first=Prasanna D. |work=Rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aiyyaa-what-a-letdown/20121012.htm |access-date=12 October 2012 |date=6 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014170213/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aiyyaa-what-a-letdown/20121012.htm |archive-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> Greater success came for her portrayal of Roshni Shekhawat, a mother grieving the death of her child,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1258027/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002004/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1258027/|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Rani Mukherjee and Kareena Kapoor to star opposite Aamir in Reema Kagti's film|author=BollywoodHungamaNewsNetwork|date=23 November 2010|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=28 November 2011}}</ref> in [[Reema Kagti]]'s psychological thriller ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''. Co-starring Aamir Khan and Kareena Kapoor, the film had worldwide earnings of over {{INRConvert|1.74|b}} to emerge as the year's eighth highest-grossing Hindi film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |title=Top Ten Worldwide Grossers 2012 |access-date=21 January 2013 |date=17 January 2013 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602044123/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5301&nCat= |archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> Ronnie Schieb of ''Variety'' described Mukerji as "vivid in a quietly sympathetic role",<ref>{{cite news |last=Schieb |first=Ronnie |title=Talaash – Film review |url=https://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/talaash-1117948845/ |work=Variety |date=29 November 2012 |access-date=29 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315171216/http://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/talaash-1117948845/ |archive-date=15 March 2013}}</ref> and she received her seventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress.<ref name="t2">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/barfi--gangs-of-wasseypur-lead-filmfare-nominations/1059676/0 |title='Barfi!', 'Gangs of Wasseypur' lead Filmfare nominations |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=21 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119051002/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/barfi--gangs-of-wasseypur-lead-filmfare-nominations/1059676/0 |archive-date=19 January 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, Mukerji starred in the [[anthology film]] ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'' consisting of four short films.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |title=Karan Johar backs yet another newcomer for Bombay Talkies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/karan-johar-backs-yet-another-newcomer-for-bombay-talkies/story-6eeEZji5ymvwJacFqz6wKL.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040135/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/karan-johar-backs-yet-another-newcomer-for-bombay-talkies/story-6eeEZji5ymvwJacFqz6wKL.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was part of the segment helmed by Johar, in which she played a journalist who discovers that her husband ([[Randeep Hooda]]) is gay. The film was screened at the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Aftab |first=Kaleem |title=Cannes celebrates 100 years of Indian cinema |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/cannes-celebrates-100-years-of-indian-cinema |work=The National |date=1 May 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505065654/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/cannes-celebrates-100-years-of-indian-cinema |archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> Despite poor box office returns,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/off-track/story/bombay-talkies-box-office-collection-very-low-it-is-a-flop-41049-2013-05-06|title=Bombay Talkies bombs at box office despite critical acclaim|work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=7 May 2013|access-date=23 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207150651/https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/off-track/story/bombay-talkies-box-office-collection-very-low-it-is-a-flop-41049-2013-05-06|archive-date=7 February 2022}}</ref> ''Bombay Talkies'' met with critical acclaim, particularly for Johar's segment; Tushar Joshi of ''Daily News and Analysis'' praised the subtlety in Mukerji's performance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Critics' review: Bombay Talkies is Karan Johar's victory |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-review-bombay-talkies-is-karan-johar-s-victory/story-YLrfVaqgs0dC9kGVAXSiVN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 May 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040101/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-review-bombay-talkies-is-karan-johar-s-victory/story-YLrfVaqgs0dC9kGVAXSiVN.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |title=Film Review: Bombay Talkies is a format that needs to be praised for its concept |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1830134/report-film-review-bombay-talkies-is-a-format-that-needs-to-be-praised-for-its-concept |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=3 May 2013 |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507235201/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1830134/report-film-review-bombay-talkies-is-a-format-that-needs-to-be-praised-for-its-concept |archive-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> The following year, Mukerji starred in Pradeep Sarkar's crime thriller ''[[Mardaani]]'', in which she played the lead role of Shivani Shivaji Roy, a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] policewoman involved in a kidnapping case that leads her to uncover secrets of [[human trafficking]]. She took on the role to show girls "how they need to protect themselves".<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |title=Imperative to show all girls the reality: Rani Mukerji |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/imperative-to-show-all-girls-the-reality-rani-mukerji/story-a6KFYrN3gn8qfFVMEbTKGM.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041805/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/imperative-to-show-all-girls-the-reality-rani-mukerji/story-a6KFYrN3gn8qfFVMEbTKGM.html |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In preparation, she interacted with senior officials of [[Mumbai Police]], and learned the Israeli self-defence technique of [[Krav Maga]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Tanwar |first=Sarita A. |title=I've become the boss of the house: Rani Mukerji |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-ve-become-the-boss-of-the-house-rani-mukerji-2006379 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=30 July 2014 |access-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801085959/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-i-ve-become-the-boss-of-the-house-rani-mukerji-2006379 |archive-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Rani Mukerji's Israeli self-defence technique for 'Mardaani' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140728/entertainment-bollywood/article/watch-rani-mukerjis-israeli-self-defence-technique-mardaani |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=28 July 2014 |access-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730200310/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140728/entertainment-bollywood/article/watch-rani-mukerjis-israeli-self-defence-technique-mardaani |archive-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Rajeev Masand credited Mukerji for "investing Shivani with both physical strength and emotional courage, she gives us a hero that's hard not to root for",<ref>{{cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title='Mardaani' review: Reasonably short and minus songs, the film is consistently watchable |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mardaani-review-reasonably-short-and-minus-songs-the-film-is-consistently-watchable/493689-47-84.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825214904/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mardaani-review-reasonably-short-and-minus-songs-the-film-is-consistently-watchable/493689-47-84.html |archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> and Anupama Chopra commended her for providing her character with both "steely resolve" and "emotional depth".<ref>{{cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |title=Movie review by Anupama Chopra: Best thing about Mardaani is the performances |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-best-thing-about-mardaani-is-the-performances/article1-1255454.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823085246/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-best-thing-about-mardaani-is-the-performances/article1-1255454.aspx |archive-date=23 August 2014}}</ref> The film was a commercial success and garnered Mukerji her eighth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mardaani |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/mardaani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802073121/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/mardaani |archive-date=2 August 2015 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ff15nom">{{cite news |title=60th Britannia Filmfare Awards 2014: Complete nomination list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-nomination-list/articleshow/45949466.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120090738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-nomination-list/articleshow/45949466.cms |archive-date=20 January 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Joshi|2017}}

[[File:Rani Mukerji in 2019.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Mukerji promoting ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' in 2019]]

Following the birth of her child, Mukerji took a four-year hiatus to focus on her daughter and was persuaded by her husband, Aditya Chopra, to return to acting.<ref name="outlook18">{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |title=I am No. 1 in my own game, says Rani Mukerji |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rani-mukerji-i-am-no-1-in-my-own-game-ahead-of-hichki-release/article22907546.ece |work=Outlook |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302195421/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rani-mukerji-i-am-no-1-in-my-own-game-ahead-of-hichki-release/article22907546.ece |archive-date=2 March 2018}}</ref> She was keen to work on a project that would accommodate her parental commitments and found it in the comedy-drama ''[[Hichki]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |last=N. |first=Patcy |date=9 April 2018 |title=Revealed: How Rani got Hichki |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/revealed-how-rani-got-hichki/20180409.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611114719/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/revealed-how-rani-got-hichki/20180409.htm |archive-date=11 June 2021 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Inspired by [[Brad Cohen]]'s autobiography ''Front of the Class'', the film tells the story of Naina Mathur, an aspiring teacher suffering from [[Tourette syndrome]] who must prove herself by educating underprivileged children.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sahani |first=Alaka |title=Rani Mukerji: Everyone has to put in a little effort to accommodate working mothers |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/rani-mukerji-everyone-has-to-put-in-a-little-effort-to-accommodate-working-mothers-5076464/ |work=The Indian Express |date=25 February 2018 |access-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326202750/http://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/rani-mukerji-everyone-has-to-put-in-a-little-effort-to-accommodate-working-mothers-5076464/ |archive-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> Mukerji interacted with Cohen and she trained to make her character's motor and vocal [[tic]]s appear spontaneous and not rehearsed.<ref name="outlook18" /> In a mixed review, [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote that she "lifts ''Hichki'' every time she is on the scene, bringing empathy and charm to Naina's character without at any moment soliciting the audience's pity."<ref>{{cite news |last=Vetticad |first=Anna M. M. |title=Hichki movie review: Rani Mukerji's 'To Ma'am With Love' hits the mark, hiccups and all |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichki-movie-review-rani-mukerjis-to-maam-with-love-hits-the-mark-hiccups-and-all-4402515.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=23 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323185433/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichki-movie-review-rani-mukerjis-to-maam-with-love-hits-the-mark-hiccups-and-all-4402515.html |archive-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> It earned {{INRConvert|2.33|b}} worldwide, a majority of which came from the Chinese box office, and its success led Mukerji to express an interest in working more frequently in the future.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Mukerji's Hichki crosses Rs 200 crore mark at global box office, thanks to China dream run |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-s-hichki-crosses-rs-200-crore-mark-at-global-box-office-thanks-to-china-dream-run/story-Qr3rYAbImKMFyZL29EIvIN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101021809/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-s-hichki-crosses-rs-200-crore-mark-at-global-box-office-thanks-to-china-dream-run/story-Qr3rYAbImKMFyZL29EIvIN.html |archive-date=1 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Won't take a long gap for next project, says Rani Mukerji |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/wont-take-a-long-gap-for-next-project-says-rani-mukerji/articleshow/63538264.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330200745/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/wont-take-a-long-gap-for-next-project-says-rani-mukerji/articleshow/63538264.cms |archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> She received her ninth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Mukerji reprised her role as Shivani Shivaji Roy in ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' (2019), directed by Gopi Puthran, who wrote the first film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Mukerji will return as a cop in her next film Mardaani 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-will-return-as-a-cop-in-her-next-film-mardaani-2/story-zdjS68j8pxHMz3WXKNF58N.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210113504/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rani-mukerji-will-return-as-a-cop-in-her-next-film-mardaani-2/story-zdjS68j8pxHMz3WXKNF58N.html |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In it, Roy faces off against a young rapist ([[Vishal Jethwa]]). ''The Indian Express'' wrote that Mukerji is "in command right through as she works to a script which pushes her to the fore at every given chance", but Rahul Desai of ''[[Film Companion]]'' criticised her for overplaying Roy "as more of a [[Dhoom (franchise)|''Dhoom'' franchise]] character" than a cop.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Mardaani 2 review: Shivani Shivaji Roy is a necessary protagonist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mardaani-2-movie-review-rating-6165168/ |work=The Indian Express |date=14 December 2019 |access-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214061035/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mardaani-2-movie-review-rating-6165168/ |archive-date=14 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |title=Mardaani 2 Movie Review: Mardaani 2 Is An Ignorant Rape-Revenge Saga Dressed As A Female-Centric Social Drama |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/mardaani-2-movie-review-mardaani-2-is-an-ignorant-rape-revenge-saga-dressed-as-a-female-centric-social-drama/ |website=Film Companion |date=13 December 2019 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607071346/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/mardaani-2-movie-review-mardaani-2-is-an-ignorant-rape-revenge-saga-dressed-as-a-female-centric-social-drama/ |archive-date=7 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Mardaani 2'' performed well at the box office and received her tenth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office Economics: Rani Mukherji starrer Mardaani 2 makes approx. 25 cr. in profit for Yash Raj Films |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-economics-rani-mukherji-starrer-mardaani-2-makes-approx-25-cr-profit-yash-raj-films/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=6 January 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106123444/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-economics-rani-mukherji-starrer-mardaani-2-makes-approx-25-cr-profit-yash-raj-films/ |archive-date=6 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards 2020 |work=Filmfare |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105210/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Intermittent work (2020–present) ===
In 2021, Mukerji reprised her role in ''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]'', a [[spiritual successor]] to her 2005 film ''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]'' where she co-starred opposite [[Saif Ali Khan]]. The film received negative reviews from critics, and was a commercial faliure, though Mukerji's performance and comic-timing received praise.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6444 |title=Bunty Aur Babli 2 Has Poor First Day Collections |date=21 November 2021 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121054500/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6444 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bunty-aur-babli-2-movie-review-rani-mukerji-is-the-saving-grace-in-this-snooze-fest-don-t-watch-even-if-paid-for-it-101637313786451-amp.html |title=Bunty Aur Babli 2 movie review: Rani Mukerji is the saving grace in this snooze-fest, don't watch even if paid for it |last=Kukreja |first=Monika Rawal |access-date=23 November 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 November 2021 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120195924/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bunty-aur-babli-2-movie-review-rani-mukerji-is-the-saving-grace-in-this-snooze-fest-don-t-watch-even-if-paid-for-it-101637313786451-amp.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/bunty-aur-babli-2/movie-review/87789127.cms?from=mdr |title=Bunty Aur Babli 2 Movie Review: More cons than pros |date=19 November 2021 |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118231653/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/bunty-aur-babli-2/movie-review/87789127.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> She next appeared in the legal drama ''[[Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway]]'', based on the real-life story of a Bengali immigrant couple whose children were taken away by the [[Norwegian Child Welfare Services]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rani-mukerji-to-star-in-intense-drama-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway/article34129150.ece |title=Rani Mukerji to star in intense drama 'Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway' |date=22 March 2021 |work=The Hindu |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=27 May 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504203040/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rani-mukerji-to-star-in-intense-drama-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway/article34129150.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2023 |title=The true story behind Rani Mukherjee's latest film 'Mrs Chatterjee vs Norway' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/rani-mukherjees-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-8466549/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=The Indian Express |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226034249/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/rani-mukherjees-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-8466549/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It marked her first project in a decade not to be produced by [[Yash Raj Films]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2023 |title='Adi Was Really Moved After Watching Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway': Rani Mukerji |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/rani-mukerji-says-aditya-chopra-was-really-moved-after-watching-her-performance-in-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway#read-more |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Quint |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331073440/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/rani-mukerji-says-aditya-chopra-was-really-moved-after-watching-her-performance-in-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway#read-more |url-status=live }}</ref> She based her character's diction and mannerisms on her own mother.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Deb Roy|first=Lachmi|date=28 March 2023|title=Rani Mukerji: 'The success of Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway is because of the audience'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-rani-mukerji-the-success-of-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-is-because-of-the-audience-12362772.html|access-date=30 March 2023|work=Firstpost|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330082057/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-rani-mukerji-the-success-of-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-is-because-of-the-audience-12362772.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was mostly received poorly by critics, who found Mukerji overly melodramatic, although some reviewers noted her growing impetus in latter portions. Reviewing the film for ''[[Screen Daily]]'', Namrata Joshi dismissed its melodramatic tone, adding that "most disappointing is an otherwise reliable Mukherji being far from effective in her shrill and showy turn".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|date=13 March 2023|title='Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway': Review|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-review/5180123.article|access-date=15 March 2023|work=Screen Daily|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316000302/https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-review/5180123.article|url-status=live}}</ref> Still, the film emerged as a [[sleeper hit]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=27 March 2023|title=Rani Mukerji Celebrates Victory Over Cynics With Box Office Success of 'Mrs. Chatterjee vs. Norway'|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/rani-mukerji-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-1235565038/|access-date=29 March 2023|work=Variety|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329065918/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/rani-mukerji-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-1235565038/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7683 |title=Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway Is A Rare Successful Small Film |date=4 April 2023 |accessdate=4 April 2023 |website=Box Office India |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404075000/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7683 |url-status=live }}</ref> and earned Mukerji multiple accolades, including her third [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] (shared with [[Shefali Shah]] for [[Three of Us (film)|''Three of Us'']]), her fourth [[IIFA Award for Best Actress]], her first [[National Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]], in addition to her eleventh nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 January 2024|title=Filmfare Critics Awards 2024: Vikrant Massey Wins Best Actor, Rani Mukerji, Shefali Shah Tied for Best Actress|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/filmfare-critics-awards-2024-vikrant-massey-wins-best-actor-rani-mukerji-shefali-shah-tied-for-best-actress-article-107207670|access-date=29 January 2024|website=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Kriti|last=Sonali|title=IIFA 2024 full list of winners: Shah Rukh Khan and Rani Mukerji win big; Animal bags 5 awards. See photos and videos|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2024-full-list-of-winners-shah-rukh-khan-and-rani-mukerji-win-big-animal-bags-5-awards-see-photos-and-videos-9593835/|work=The Indian Express|date=28 September 2024|access-date=29 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards: Shah Rukh Khan and Rani Mukerji receive their first ever National Award after over 3 decades in the industry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-shah-rukh-khan-rani-mukerji-receive-first-national-award-after-over-3-decades-in-bollywood-10163798/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Mukerji reprised her role as Shivani Shivaji Roy in the crime-thriller ''[[Mardaani 3]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=13 December 2024 |title=Rani Mukerji’s ‘Mardaani 3’ Sets Production Start and Creative Team for ‘Dark, Deadly and Brutal’ Film (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/rani-mukerji-mardaani-3-production-start-1236247102/ |magazine=Variety |access-date=27 January 2026}}</ref> The film received great response from the audience relative to its previous instalments and became the higher grosser compared to the previous installments, also declared a success at the box office. Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' concluded that "''Mardaani 3'' isn't without flaws, but it still holds as a solid franchise outing anchored by Rani Mukerji's performance".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mardaani 3 Movie Review: Rani Mukerji is still fierce in this solid sequel that stays true to its legacy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mardaani-3/movie-review/127796120.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 January 2026|language=en|date=30 January 2026}}</ref> She will next reunite with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] for the action-thriller [[King (2026 film)|''King'']] directed by [[Siddharth Anand]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Basu |first=Aalokitaa |date=17 May 2025 |title=King finds its 'Rani': Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji to reunite on-screen after 19 years for King |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/shah-rukh-khan-rani-mukerji-to-reunite-in-king-to-play-suhana-khans-mom-in-comeback-deepika-padukone-also-on-board-101747480164204.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mukerji prefers not to publicise her personal life.<ref name="ruin" /> She limits her interactions with the media and is sometimes labelled a recluse; she said in a 2011 interview: "Today actors have become more open with the media. But this has posed a problem for actors like me because if I don't do that, then I end up being called reclusive. So now I have changed myself and am easily approachable."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rani-mukerji-queen-of-hearts/799321/ |title=Queen of Hearts |access-date=7 January 2012 |author=Kulkarni, Onkar |date=2 June 2011 |work=Screen |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081156/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/rani-mukerji-queen-of-hearts/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji has collaborated frequently and maintained a close friendship with actors Shah Rukh Khan and Aamir Khan, and filmmaker Karan Johar.<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title='I can't say no to Aamir or Shah Rukh |date=12 August 2005 |url=http://origin.news.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/12rani.htm |access-date=13 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423095903/http://origin.news.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/12rani.htm |archive-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Subhash K. |last=Jha |work=Rediff.com |title='Shah Rukh treats me like a child |date=24 June 2005 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/23rani2.htm |access-date=13 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083422/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/23rani2.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> She does not have any social media accounts, as she prefers to keep a low profile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kajol answers a 'serious' question about cousin Rani Mukerji, says she would call her |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kajol-answers-a-serious-question-about-cousin-rani-mukerji-says-she-would-call-her-101646810702020-amp.html |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309103025/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kajol-answers-a-serious-question-about-cousin-rani-mukerji-says-she-would-call-her-101646810702020-amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The nature of Mukerji's relationship with filmmaker [[Aditya Chopra]] was the topic of fervent tabloid reporting in India, though she refused to publicly talk about it.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Indian Express |title=Shatrughan Sinha addresses Rani Mukherjee as 'Rani Chopra'! What is the inside story? |date=12 February 2013 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shatrughan-sinha-addresses-rani-mukherjee-as-rani-chopra--what-is-the-inside-story-/1072587/ |access-date=24 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215074317/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shatrughan-sinha-addresses-rani-mukherjee-as-rani-chopra--what-is-the-inside-story-/1072587 |archive-date=15 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Filmfare |last=Singh |first=Raghuvendra |title="Aditya Chopra is my friend" – Rani Mukerji |date=8 November 2012 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/aditya-chopra-is-my-friend-rani-mukerji-1636.html |access-date=13 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073501/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/aditya-chopra-is-my-friend-rani-mukerji-1636.html |archive-date=12 November 2013}}</ref> On 21 April 2014, she married Chopra at a private [[Bengalis|Bengali]] ceremony in Italy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/FINALLY-Rani-and-Aditya-Chopra-tie-the-knot/articleshow/34071555.cms |title=Finally: Rani and Aditya Chopra tie the knot |access-date=22 April 2014 |author=Jha, Shefali S. |date=22 April 2014 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425095416/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/FINALLY-Rani-and-Aditya-Chopra-tie-the-knot/articleshow/34071555.cms |archive-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> The following year, she gave birth to their daughter Adira.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rani-mukerji-gives-birth-to-daughter-couple-name-her-adira/lite/|title=New mom Rani Mukerji says daughter Adira is 'God's greatest gift'|work=The Indian Express|date=10 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616124837/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rani-mukerji-gives-birth-to-daughter-couple-name-her-adira/lite/|archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> She has said that "the time spent being a mother is the happiest period of my life".<ref>{{Cite web |author=IANS |title=Rani Mukerji: Time as mother is the happiest years of my life |work=Mid Day |date=21 March 2017 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/Rani-Mukerji-birthday-Facebook-chat-daughter-Adira-Aditya-Chopra-motherhood-Bollywood-News-18092182 |access-date=20 October 2022 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711170009/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/Rani-Mukerji-birthday-Facebook-chat-daughter-Adira-Aditya-Chopra-motherhood-Bollywood-News-18092182 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mukerji has said that she believes in maintaining a work-life balance after motherhood, adding that "it is extremely important for [a mother] to have a career and use her time constructively".<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Ananya |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-return-of-rani-despite-occasional-releases-how-the-queen-continues-to-reign/story-VHNIWhBVeJRHvyXtESlouJ.html |title=The return of Rani: Despite occasional releases, how the queen continues to reign |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 May 2018 |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321095731/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-return-of-rani-despite-occasional-releases-how-the-queen-continues-to-reign/story-VHNIWhBVeJRHvyXtESlouJ.html |archive-date=21 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, she revealed that she had a miscarriage in 2020, five months into her second pregnancy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rani-mukerji-reveals-miscarriage-2020-unfortunately-lost-baby-five-months-pregnancy/ |title=Rani Mukerji reveals she had a miscarriage in 2020: "I unfortunately lost my baby five months into my pregnancy" |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=11 August 2023 |access-date=11 August 2023 }}</ref> A practising [[Hinduism|Hindu]], Mukerji participates in Hindu festivals, including [[Durga Puja]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-rani-mukerji-durga-pujo-brings-people-together/articleshow/114083443.cms |title=Rani Mukerji: Durga Pujo brings people together |website=The Times of India |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rani-mukerji-immerses-in-devotion-during-the-durga-puja-celebration-watch/articleshow/114090679.cms |title=Rani Mukerji immerses in devotion during the Durga Puja celebration |website=The Times of India |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=31 October 2024 }}</ref>

== Off-screen work ==
=== Stage shows and other appearances ===
Mukerji has participated in several concert tours, world tours and televised award ceremonies. Her first concert tour, "Magnificent Five", was in 1999 in which she performed with actors Aamir Khan, Aishwarya Rai, [[Akshaye Khanna]] and Twinkle Khanna.<ref>{{cite news |author=Keely, Alistair |title=Bollywood five prove simply magnificent |date=30 August 1999 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bollywood+five+prove+simply+magnificent.-a060496021 |work=[[Birmingham Post]] |access-date=12 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222151835/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bollywood+five+prove+simply+magnificent.-a060496021 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=live}}{{subscription required|via=The Free Library}}</ref> The "Temptations 2004" concert had Mukerji perform alongside Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Preity Zinta, [[Arjun Rampal]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Fischler |first=Marcelle S. |title=Indian Culture Clash:Classical or Pop? |date=26 September 2004 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/26/nyregion/26LI.html|work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309141804/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/26/nyregion/26LI.html?_r=0 |archive-date=9 March 2014}}</ref> Shown in over 22 countries across the world, it was Bollywood's most prominent international concert.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood's Day Out ... |date=2 December 2004 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-12-02/news-interviews/27157774_1_bernard-weber-new-list-aishwarya-rai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630201708/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-943930%2Cprtpage-1.cms |archive-date=30 June 2006 |access-date=2 November 2007 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> The following year, she participated in the "Temptations 2005" concert in New Delhi with Shah Rukh Khan, [[Fardeen Khan]], [[Ameesha Patel]] and [[Malaika Arora Khan]]; the show was organised to help raise funds for the National Centre For Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP).<ref>{{cite news |author=Perappadan, Bindu Shajan |title=Shah Rukh, Rani Mukerjee coming to Capital |date=3 September 2005 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/03/stories/2005090302100200.htm |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118163734/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/03/stories/2005090302100200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=18 January 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Rani Mukerji at Lonely Planet Magazine India Awards 2012 (11).jpg|thumb|Mukerji at an event in 2015]]

In 2010, Mukerji performed at a concert in the Army Stadium of [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] with several Bollywood actors including Shah Rukh Khan, Rampal and [[Ishaa Koppikar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Rani woo fans in Dhaka |date=11 December 2010 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-rani-woo-fans-in-dhaka-71974 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522033122/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-rani-woo-fans-in-dhaka-71974 |archive-date=22 May 2014}}</ref> For the "Temptations Reloaded" concert of 2012 in [[Jakarta]], Mukerji performed alongside Shah Rukh Khan, Zinta and [[Bipasha Basu]], for the 2013 concert of the same name in [[Auckland]], she performed with Shah Rukh Khan, [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], and in 2014 she performed in [[Malaysia]] with Shah Rukh Khan, Dixit, [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] and [[Arijit Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood celebs enthrall Jakarta |date=9 December 2012 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bollywood-celebs-enthrall-jakarta/story-knGHTZ0fLhnG4a4XdbkU6M.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062759/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bollywood-celebs-enthrall-jakarta/story-knGHTZ0fLhnG4a4XdbkU6M.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Temptations Reloaded: Shah Rukh, Madhuri, Rani, Jacqueline wow fans in Auckland |date=5 October 2013 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14524-1.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=7 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206062316/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14524-1.html |archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shrivastava |first=Priyanka |title=Temptation of the Bollywood kind |date=16 February 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shah-rukh-khan-the-temptation-reloaded-bollywood-madhuri-dixit-181270-2014-02-16 |work=India Today |access-date=16 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216064918/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shah-rukh-khan-the-temptation-reloaded-bollywood-madhuri-dixit/1/343779.html |archive-date=16 February 2014}}</ref>

Mukerji has taken part in documentaries including ''Bollywood im Alpenrausch'', ''[[Gambling, Gods and LSD]]'', ''[[The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan|The Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan]]'' and ''[[The Romantics (2023 web series)|The Romantics]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_film/974192573 |title=Bollywood im Alpenrausch – Indische Filmemacher erobern die Schweiz |publisher=Swiss Films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227012118/http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_film/974192573 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/746114?view=cast |title=Cast: Gambling, Gods and LSD |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182354/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/746114?view=cast |archive-date=5 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/17srk.htm |title=Shah Rukh's Inner World |last=Chhabra |first=Aseem |date=17 October 2005 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318143945/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/17srk.htm |archive-date=18 March 2014 |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Romantics Review: The YRF Docu-series works best when it focuses on films over family |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-romantics-review-the-yrf-docu-series-works-best-when-it-focuses-on-films-over-family-101676424985778.html |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722143438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-romantics-review-the-yrf-docu-series-works-best-when-it-focuses-on-films-over-family-101676424985778.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mukerji also appeared in the music video "Tera Chehra" with [[Adnan Sami]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Avijit |first=Anshul |date=7 October 2002 |title=Singing in the Rain |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20021007-rani-mukherjee-to-feature-in-adnan-sami-music-album-tera-chehra-794193-2002-10-06 |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306160020/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rani-mukherjee-to-feature-in-adnan-sami-music-album-tera-chehra/1/218556.html |archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>

=== Humanitarian work ===
Alongside her acting career, Mukerji is involved with humanitarian causes and is vocal about issues faced by women and children.<ref name="BeingRani" /><ref name="education">{{cite news |title=Educate as many kids as possible, Rani Mukerji urges people |date=5 April 2011 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/151322/educate-many-kids-possible-rani.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=6 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103033339/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/151322/educate-many-kids-possible-rani.html |archive-date=3 January 2015}}</ref> Mukerji was appointed as an ambassador by [[Procter & Gamble]] and the [[NGO]] [[Child Rights and You]] for their joint venture, Shiksha, to endorse the cause of children's education.<ref name="education" /> In 2011 she set up a Stroke Treatment Fund, in association with the Indian Stroke Association, to pay for the treatment of financially deprived stroke-affected patients.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani to set up funds for stroke-affected patients |date=25 February 2011 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rani-to-set-up-funds-for--strokeaffected-patients/754579/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=14 May 2013}}</ref> She has made public appearances to support other charities and causes. In March 2004, she visited the Indian army unit in [[Pokhran]], [[Rajasthan]] to interact with the [[soldier|jawan]] troops, for the NDTV reality show ''Jai Jawan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji's day out with jawans |date=4 March 2004 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/04sld1.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 April 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420154452/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/04sld1.htm |archive-date=20 April 2006}}</ref> A decade later, in August 2014, she visited the jawans again at Baramulla.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Mukerji's day out with jawans |date=15 August 2014 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140815/entertainment-bollywood/article/rani-mukerji-visits-jawans-baramulla-independence-day |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102054127/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140815/entertainment-bollywood/article/rani-mukerji-visits-jawans-baramulla-independence-day |archive-date=2 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2005, Mukerji and several other Bollywood actors participated in the 2005 HELP! Telethon Concert to raise money for the victims of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood unites to present caring face |date=8 February 2005 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp |work=The Telegraph |access-date=8 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118103831/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>

In March 2006, Mukerji celebrated her birthday with the physically challenged children of the Helen Keller Institute; she had previously worked with them while preparing for her role in ''Black''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Celebrates Her Birthday at the Hellen Keller Institute |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rani-celebrates-her-birthday-at-helen-keller-institute_1019000 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=20 March 2006 |access-date=23 March 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030122606/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rani-celebrates-her-birthday-at-helen-keller-institute_1019000 |archive-date=30 October 2012}}</ref> In November 2010, she was part of a fund raising auction for the "Because I am a Girl" charity campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last=D'Cruz |first=Caroline |title=Rani Mukerji at charity do |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Rani-Mukerji-at-a-charity-do/etarticleshow/6981525.cms |date=25 November 2010 |access-date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521173711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-25/bollywood/28269755_1_girl-child-anil-kapoor-rani-mukerji |archive-date=21 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, Mukerji attended a charity dinner on child trafficking hosted by the [[British Asian Trust]] in London, where she was felicitated by [[Prince Charles]] for raising awareness on the issue through her work in ''Mardaani''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji honoured for highlighting the issue of child trafficking |website=[[Digital Spy]] |date=5 March 2015 |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a633257/rani-mukerji-honoured-for-highlighting-the-issue-of-child-trafficking/ |accessdate=16 August 2018 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817055821/http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a633257/rani-mukerji-honoured-for-highlighting-the-issue-of-child-trafficking/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mukerji also attended "Junoon" charity cricket match, hosted by the [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics|Rotaract Club of HR College]] Mumbai in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |author=TOI Photos |title=Salman, Rani and other attend 'Junoon' charity match |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 August 2012 |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/salman-rani-junoon-match/rani-mukherjee/articleshow/12963363.cms |archive-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103174904/https://m.photos.timesofindia.com/events/mumbai/salman-rani-junoon-match/Rani-Mukherjee/amp_articleshow/12963363.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mukerji appeared as celebrity guest on ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''{{'}}s Hindi and Bengali version, after which she donated the received prize money for social causes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rani Mukherjee to donate Ke Hobe Banglar Kotipoti's prize money to charity |work=DNA India |access-date=18 July 2020 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rani-mukherjee-to-donate-reality-show-prize-money-to-charity-1566801/amp |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203181449/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rani-mukherjee-to-donate-reality-show-prize-money-to-charity-1566801/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> She donated Hindi versions prize money to the Bandra Holy Family Hospital, for their NICU centre and donated Bengali versions money for other charity works.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saif and Rani to donate prize money to Bandra Holy Family Hospital |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 November 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kaun-banega-crorepati-13-saif-ali-khan-and-rani-mukerji-to-reveal-their-special-connect-with-kolkata-and-how-much-they-adore-bengali-dishes/articleshow/87741153.cms |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711170031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kaun-banega-crorepati-13-saif-ali-khan-and-rani-mukerji-to-reveal-their-special-connect-with-kolkata-and-how-much-they-adore-bengali-dishes/articleshow/87741153.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA India]] acknowledged Mukerji with a Hero to Animals Award for her compassionate work for animals.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=PETA India |title=Rani Mukherji Nets PETA Award For Helping a Dog in Distress |url=http://www.petaindia.com/mediacentre/news-releases/Rani-Mukherji-Nets-PETA-Award-For-Helping-a-Dog-in-Distress.aspx |accessdate=20 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913063158/http://www.petaindia.com/mediacentre/news-releases/Rani-Mukherji-Nets-PETA-Award-For-Helping-a-Dog-in-Distress.aspx |archive-date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> She lends her support to cancer initiatives and created awareness alongside the NGO, Cancer Patients Aid Association (CPAA).<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji to lend support to cancer awareness initiative on World Rose Day |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/entertainment/2024/09/19/ent23-mukerji-initiative.html |date=19 September 2024 |accessdate=21 September 2024 |work=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji spends her day with kids battling cancer: 'I feel more celebrities should take part in such initiatives' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/rani-mukerji-spends-her-day-with-kids-battling-cancer-i-feel-more-celebrities-should-take-part-in-such-initiatives-101726968988858.html |date=22 September 2024 |accessdate=25 September 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In 2023, ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' honoured her for her association with [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitabh Bachchan Foundation]], the Indian Cancer Society, the Teach For India programme and the [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]] (where she worked as a Swachh Bharat Ambassador).<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji: Trailblazer of the Decade |url=https://www.femina.in/mamaearth-beautiful-indians-2023/goodness-stories/rani-mukerji/1392 |accessdate=29 December 2023 |work=Femina – Mamaearth}}</ref>

== Artistry and screen persona ==
Mukerji is cited in the media as one of the most popular and accomplished actresses in mainstream [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name="analysis"/><ref name="IndiaTop">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/36 |title=Top heroines of Bollywood |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/36 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Dhawan, M.L. |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm |title=Queens of hearts |date=9 December 2007 |access-date=20 March 2020 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024034014/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm |archive-date=24 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> As part of a career analysis, [[Sukanya Verma]] noted that after making an unconventional debut in films, Mukerji oscillated between success and failure for a few years before achieving "the status of a star, performer and showgirl".<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Bollywood's top 5: Rani Mukerji |date=10 December 2003 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/10sld6.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=14 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221161548/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/10sld6.htm |archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service]] reported that during her initial years in the industry, Mukerji was written off as the successful Kajol's poor cousin for being "plump" and "short".<ref name="poor cousin" /> Raja Sen opined that despite that, Mukerji "slogged her way with grit" to emerge a successful star.<ref name="ever" />

[[File:Rani Mukerji 2009 (3).jpg|thumb|Mukerji in 2009]]

Writing about her acting skills, ''[[Forbes India]]'' noted that she "went on to master her skills to such an extent that she could easily absorb the nuances of the characters she played and effortlessly become that person on screen."<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/rani-mukerji-empress-of-emotions/50249/1 |title=Rani Mukerji: Empress of emotions |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=[[Forbes India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326223841/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/rani-mukerji-empress-of-emotions/50249/1 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji's directors [[Pradeep Sarkar]] and [[Reema Kagti]] have taken note of how much Mukerji prepares for her roles, with Kagti adding, "She gets obsessive about the role and wants to know everything about her character. What's her character's back-story, what is going on in her head at a specific point".<ref name="forbes" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Ankur |title=Not once did Aamir step on my toes during Talaash |date=29 November 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-talaash-interview-with-reema-kagti/20121129.htm#5 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=14 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406191356/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-talaash-interview-with-reema-kagti/20121129.htm |archive-date=6 April 2013}}</ref> Mukerji described her approach to acting in 2012:

<blockquote>A month before I start shooting, I sit with my director, try to understand how he has visualised the character on the screen and take notes. Then I start working on the most basic thing – the look. It's very important that the physical appearance of the character gets decided because if I look the character, it makes it all the more believable. Once that is achieved, I go into the finer nuances of what the girl is like, her background. And then from there [...] I have to get the accent right.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Mukerji gets upclose and personal |last=Badola |first=Shreya |date=18 October 2012 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1753618/interview-rani-mukerji-gets-upclose-and-personal |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=14 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722103704/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1753618/interview-rani-mukerji-gets-upclose-and-personal |archive-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> </blockquote>

The media cites her as an "unconventional beauty" – her husky voice, eyes and smile being her distinctive features.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/50-most-beautiful-indian-faces/11401/30 |title=50 Most Beautiful Indian Faces |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=9 March 2012 |publisher=iDiva |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928191327/http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/50-most-beautiful-indian-faces/11401/30 |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] believes that Mukerji's "sandpaper-scratchy, I'm-recovering-from-a-bad-cold" voice sets her apart from her contemporaries.<ref name="analysis" /> and ''[[Filmfare]]'' described her screen presence as "earthy, effervescent and emotional".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/rani-mukerji-movies-that-etched-her-name-in-the-portals-of-hindi-cinema-47190.html |title=Rani Mukerji movies that etched her name in the portals of Hindi cinema |date=21 March 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |work=[[Filmfare]] |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324064409/https://www.filmfare.com/features/rani-mukerji-movies-that-etched-her-name-in-the-portals-of-hindi-cinema-47190.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Mukerji is noted for maintaining her career post-marriage and motherhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/15-women-who-smashed-all-stereotypes-in-bollywood-20453.html |title=15 women who smashed all stereotypes in Bollywood |access-date=24 February 2019 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721222941/https://www.filmfare.com/features/15-women-who-smashed-all-stereotypes-in-bollywood-20453.html |archive-date=21 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rani-mukerji-on-married-actresses-being-stereotyped-i-let-my-work-do-the-talking-1636378-2020-01-13 |title=Rani Mukerji on married actresses being stereotyped: I let my work do the talking |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=India Today |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115222941/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rani-mukerji-on-married-actresses-being-stereotyped-i-let-my-work-do-the-talking-1636378-2020-01-13 |archive-date=15 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> When Mukerji made her screen comeback with ''Hichki'', Nayandeep Rakshit complimented her for managing to stay relevant.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-no-hichki-there-much-like-sridevi-rani-mukerji-has-managed-to-still-be-relevant-and-how-2597538/amp |title=No Hichki there: Much like Sridevi, Rani Mukerji has managed to still be relevant and how! |date=25 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=Daily News and Analysis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327222943/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-no-hichki-there-much-like-sridevi-rani-mukerji-has-managed-to-still-be-relevant-and-how-2597538/amp |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The commercial success of ''Hichki'' and ''Mardaani 2'', both released after her marriage, led ''Filmfare'' to credit Mukerji for breaking "the stereotype that actresses have battled for generations that post marriage and kids, an actress' career gets over in Bollywood".<ref>{{cite news |title=Rani Mukerji talks about breaking stereotypes in Bollywood |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rani-mukerji-talks-about-breaking-stereotypes-in-bollywood-38534-1.html |work=Filmfare |date=13 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081143/https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/postmessageRelay?parent=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmfare.com&jsh=m%3B%2F_%2Fscs%2Fapps-static%2F_%2Fjs%2Fk%3Doz.gapi.en_US.p7L79FLXQCw.O%2Fam%3DAQ%2Fd%3D1%2Frs%3DAGLTcCO6hl1EejjzC-wrWbDdgTxPi0Gs8g%2Fm%3D__features__ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== In the media ==
[[File:Rani Mukerji still1.jpg|thumb|upright|Mukerji's husky voice, accentuated eyes and smile have been identified by the media as her trademark<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/rani-mukerji-before-and-after-beauty-evolution-bollywood-celebrity/amp |title=Rani Mukerji's complete beauty evolution! |access-date=28 September 2022 |work=Vogue India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://www.vogue.in/content/rani-mukerji-before-and-after-beauty-evolution-bollywood-celebrity/amp |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Mukerji has featured in listings of the highest-paid actresses in Bollywood.<ref name="analysis" /><ref name="verve" /> Mukerji appeared in [[Box Office India]]'s "Top Bollywood Actresses" list for six years and topped the list for two consecutive years (2005–2006). In its "All Time Top Actress" list, she was placed third and was further placed second in its top actresses list from 2000–2009.<ref name="top actresses" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php |title=Top Actresses Of All Time |access-date=28 August 2022 |work=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php?txtYearlyData=2000-2009 |title=Top Actresses Of All Time |access-date=28 August 2022 |work=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214337/https://boxofficeindia.com/hit-down-actoress.php?txtYearlyData=2000-2009 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Rediff.com]]'s annual listing of "Best Bollywood Actresses", she topped the list for three consecutive years (2004–2006).<ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=Best Actress 2004 |date=29 December 2004 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/29sld5.htm |access-date=30 August 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428042544/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/29sld5.htm |archive-date=28 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Kulkarni, Ronjita |work=Rediff.com |title=Ten best Bollywood actresses of 2005 |date=23 December 2005 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2005/dec/23yend1.htm |access-date=24 February 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220225016/http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2005/dec/23yend1.htm |archive-date=20 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Kulkarni, Ronjita |work=Rediff.com |title=The year that was: 2006 |date=18 December 2006 |url=http://www.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/18yrsld2.htm |access-date=17 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203155041/http://www.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/18yrsld2.htm |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> She was further placed second in 2003,<ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |title=Bollywood's Top 5, 2003 -- Rani Mukerji! |date=18 December 2007 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/10sld1.htm |access-date=20 December 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225100809/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/10sld1.htm |archive-date=25 December 2007}}</ref> fifth in 2007,<ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=The most powerful actresses of 2007 |date=18 December 2007 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2007/dec/18yrpoweractress7.htm |access-date=25 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225100809/http://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2007/dec/18yrpoweractress7.htm |archive-date=25 December 2007}}</ref> tenth in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=Bollywood's 10 Best Actresses Of 2012 |date=21 December 2012 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213123637/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-yearend-special-bollywood-s-top-ten-actresses-of-2012/20121221.htm |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> seventh in 2014,<ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=The Best Actresses in Hindi cinema, 2014 |date=31 December 2014 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-best-actresses-in-hindi-cinema-2014/20141231.htm |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064147/https://www.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/the-best-actresses-in-hindi-cinema-2014/20141231.htm |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> tenth in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |title=And 2018's Best Bollywood Actresses are... |date=31 December 2018 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/and-2018s-best-bollywood-actresses-are/20181231.htm |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064153/https://www.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/and-2018s-best-bollywood-actresses-are/20181231.htm |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and fifth in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Top Performers Of 2023 |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=28 December 2023 |date=14 December 2023 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/the-top-performers-of-2023/20231214.htm |archive-date=27 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227031259/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/the-top-performers-of-2023/20231214.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji was also placed in ''Rediff.com''{{'}}s other listing — "Powerlist: Top Bollywood Actresses",<ref>{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |title=Powerlist: Top Bollywood Actresses |date=29 November 2009 |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/25sd11.htm |access-date=13 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309121441/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/25sd11.htm |archive-date=9 March 2007}}</ref> "Bollywood's Best Actresses of all time",<ref name="ever">{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=Bollywood's best actresses. Ever |date=6 March 2007 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid8.htm |access-date=13 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309121441/http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid8.htm |archive-date=9 March 2007}}</ref> "Bollywood's Wonder Women",<ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |title=Bollywood's Wonder Women |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/07sli8.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=16 February 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121164923/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/07sli8.htm |archive-date=21 November 2009}}</ref> "Women of Many Faces".,<ref>{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |title=Women of many faces |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/08sld3.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 September 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706164923/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/08sld3.htm |archive-date=6 July 2007}}</ref> and "Best Dressed Woman" in Hindi cinema.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/02sld2.htm |title=Bollywood's best dressed women |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=2 May 2007 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117013436/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/02sld2.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji featured among the "Greatest Bollywood Stars" in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan crowned greatest Bollywood star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-crowned-greatest-Bollywood-star/articleshow/21372421.cms |access-date=14 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907061309/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-crowned-greatest-Bollywood-star/articleshow/21372421.cms |archive-date=7 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Amitabh Bachchan crowned greatest Bollywood star in UK poll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |access-date=14 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=27 July 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818133557/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |archive-date=18 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'' featured her in their "Ten Most Powerful People in Bollywood" list for two consecutive years (2005–2006).<ref>{{cite news |author=Iyer, Meena |work=The Times of India |title=Rani Mukerji only woman in power list |date=6 March 2007 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Rani_Mukerji_only_woman_in_power_list/articleshow/1387848.cms |access-date=11 February 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194340/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Rani_Mukerji_only_woman_in_power_list/articleshow/1387848.cms |archive-date=10 March 2007}}</ref> She was later placed in their "Top Ten Actresses" list from 2003 to 2006.<ref>{{cite news |work=Filmfare |title=Filmfare Top Ten Actresses' Listing |date=20 December 2008 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articleshow/1021707.cms?&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050401091106/http://www.filmfare.com/articleshow/1021707.cms?&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2005 |accessdate=15 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rani dethrones Bolly Queen Ash |date=3 February 2005 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rani-dethrones-Bolly-Queen-Ash/articleshow/1009722.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140215221705/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-03/news-interviews/27865116_1_filmfare-power-list-rakesh-roshan-release |url-status=live |archive-date=15 February 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Entertainment Bluritit |title=Filmfare - Rani at #1 Position |date=20 December 2008 |url=http://entertainment.blurtit.com/86798/which-is-the-best-actress-in-bollywood |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-date=24 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024020542/http://entertainment.blurtit.com/86798/which-is-the-best-actress-in-bollywood |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Outlook India]]'' placed Mukerji in its 75 Best Bollywood Actresses list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=75 Bollywood Actresses Who Ruled The Silver Screen With Grace, Beauty And Talent |work=Outlook India |date=16 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-bollywood-actresses-who-ruled-the-silver-screen-with-grace-beauty-and-talent-news-216694/amp |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142138/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-bollywood-actresses-who-ruled-the-silver-screen-with-grace-beauty-and-talent-news-216694/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' placed her in a similar list of top Bollywood actresses.<ref name="IndiaTop" />

Mukerji has been featured in some lists of the most beautiful actresses.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kuckian, Uday |work=Rediff.com |title=Bollywood's Most Beautiful Actresses |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/24sld5.htm |accessdate=13 October 2006 |archive-date=19 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519222835/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/24sld5.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Filmfare |title=Bollywood's Most Beautiful Women |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/bollywoods-most-beautiful-women-8570.html |accessdate=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817222835/https://www.filmfare.com/photos/bollywoods-most-beautiful-women-8570.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' listed her in their "50 Most Beautiful Women" list in 2007 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=50 Most Beautiful Indian Women |url=http://abhisays.com/india/top-50-most-beautiful-indian-women-part-1.html |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817055952/http://abhisays.com/india/top-50-most-beautiful-indian-women-part-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The UK magazine ''[[Eastern Eye (newspaper)|Eastern Eye]]'' placed her in their "Asia's Sexiest Women" list between 2006 and 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asia's sexiest women |date=22 December 2007 |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/20sld1.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=13 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208151814/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/20sld1.htm |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asia's sexiest women |date=6 February 2012 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/priyanka-chopra-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-123503-2012-12-06 |work=India Today |access-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112025923/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/priyanka-chopra-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-123503-2012-12-06 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In ''Times of India'''s "Most Desirable Women" list, she was placed 46th in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=2009 Most Desirable Women: Rani Mukerji - No 46 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/celebs/2009-most-desirable-women-rani-mukherjee-no-46/videoshow/11847256.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=21 February 2013 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111033210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/celebs/2009-most-desirable-women-rani-mukherjee-no-46/videoshow/11847256.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, American [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] [[Blue Scholars]], named a song after Mukerji in their album [[Cinemetropolis]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/matsononmusic/2009701307_interview_geo_from_blue_schola.html | work=The Seattle Times | first=Andrew | last=Matson | title=Interview: Geo aka Geologic aka George Quibuyen from Blue Scholars | date=20 August 2009 | access-date=10 March 2023 | archive-date=21 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921083140/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/matsononmusic/2009701307_interview_geo_from_blue_schola.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A song named after Rani Mukerji|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/a-song-named-after-rani-mukerji/story-sR95LxqXmGL1tuW4SXqf4H.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=7 September 2011|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310135044/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/a-song-named-after-rani-mukerji/story-sR95LxqXmGL1tuW4SXqf4H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, Mukerji was honoured by the US Council on the day of [[Barack Obama]]'s inauguration into office for Contribution to Indian Cinema.<ref>{{cite news |title=US embassy honours Rani Mukerji |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/filmi-parties/bollywood/US-embassy-honours-Rani-Mukerji/articleshow/18165121.cms |date=25 January 2013 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203050245/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-25/bollywood/36527693_1_rani-mukerji-inaugural-ball-honours |archive-date=3 February 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, she was honoured with the Outstanding Contribution to Cinema Award by the [[Government of Mauritius]], and in 2018, was received an award for Excellence in Cinema at the [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/081017/rani-honoured-by-mauritius-government-bags-outstanding-contribution-to-cinema-award.html |title=Rani honoured by Mauritius govt, bags Outstanding Contribution to Cinema Award |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=8 October 2017 |access-date=11 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022142504/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/081017/rani-honoured-by-mauritius-government-bags-outstanding-contribution-to-cinema-award.html |archive-date=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/iffm-2018-winners-list-sanju-wins-best-film-award-rani-mukerji-manoj-bajpayee-named-best-actors-4951921.html/amp |title=IFFM 2018 winners list: Sanju wins Best Film award; Rani Mukerji, Manoj Bajpayee named Best Actors |work=Firstpost |date=13 August 2018 |access-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824052504/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/iffm-2018-winners-list-sanju-wins-best-film-award-rani-mukerji-manoj-bajpayee-named-best-actors-4951921.html/amp |archive-date=24 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mukerji was among the ten recipients of [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]]-[[FICCI|FICCI Frames]]' award for Most Powerful Entertainers of the Decade.<ref>{{cite web |title=FICCI FRAMES and IIFA honour ten Bollywood stars |url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=12071 |accessdate=20 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214185911/http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=12071 |archive-date=14 February 2012 }}</ref> Mukerji has been a [[brand ambassador|celebrity endorser]] for a number of brands and products such as [[Dabur|Dabur Amla]], [[Titan Company|Titan Raga]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rani-endorses-titan-raga/ |title=Rani endorses Titan Raga |access-date=29 September 2019 |work=Bollywood Hungama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729214337/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rani-endorses-titan-raga/ |archive-date=29 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nestlé Munch]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/munchy-bites-109082500009_1.html |title=Munchy bites |access-date=16 November 2020 |work=Business Standard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812214337/https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/munchy-bites-109082500009_1.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fanta]] and [[Godrej Group|Good Knight]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.economictimes.com/quick-look-at-the-life-times-of-coca-cola/articleshow/25645828.cms |title=Quick look at the life & times of Coca Cola |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=Economic Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831214337/https://m.economictimes.com/quick-look-at-the-life-times-of-coca-cola/articleshow/25645828.cms |archive-date=31 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2007, Mukerji's popularity was on a decline and she lost out on her brand endorsements to a number of younger actresses.<ref name="over" /><ref>{{cite news |author=Singh, Prashant |work=India Today |title=Ageing trio fails to bag ads after a string of flop films |date=26 April 2009 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/headlines-today-top-stories/story/ageing-trio-fails-to-bag-ads-after-a-string-of-flop-films-45667-2009-04-25 |access-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010151/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Ageing+trio+fails+to+bag+ads+after+a+string+of+flop+films/1/38910.html |archive-date=3 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Rani Mukerji}}

Mukerji has won eight [[Filmfare Awards]]. For her roles in the films ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' (1998), ''Yuva'' (2004) and ''No One Killed Jessica'' (2011), she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]. She won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for ''Hum Tum'' (2004) and ''Black'' (2005), and the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] for ''Saathiya'' (2002), ''Black'' (2005), and ''Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway'' (2023).<ref name="oldawards" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |title=Complete list of all the Filmfare Awards winners! |work=Filmfare |access-date=27 February 2024 }}</ref> Mukerji also won the [[National Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]] for ''Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway'' (2023).<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Vikrant Massey-SRK share National Award for Best Actor, Rani Mukerji wins Best Actress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/shah-rukh-khan-and-vikrant-massey-share-national-award-for-best-actor-rani-mukerji-wins-best-actress-2764907-2025-08-01 |access-date=1 August 2025 |work=India Today |date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801134520/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/shah-rukh-khan-and-vikrant-massey-share-national-award-for-best-actor-rani-mukerji-wins-best-actress-2764907-2025-08-01 |archive-date=1 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rani Mukerji wins National Award for Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/rani-mukerji-wins-national-award-for-playing-a-mother-who-took-on-a-nation-the-true-story-behind-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway/articleshow/123046411.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=1 May 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Bollywood|Film|India}}
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]
* [[List of Bengali actresses (disambiguation)|List of Bengali actresses]]
* [[List of Hindi film clans#Mukherjee-Samarth family|List of Bollywood Clans: The Mukherjees]]
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saXtCwAAQBAJ |title=Reading 'Bollywood': The Young Audience and Hindi Films |date=2006 |last=Banaji |first=S. |isbn=978-0-230-50120-1 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cunningham |first1=Stuart |last2=Sinclair |first2=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVLmHk-_VbYC&q=Kuch+Kuch+Hota+Hai+tomboy |title=Floating Lives: The Media and Asian Diasporas |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7425-1136-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Dawar |first=Ramesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC |title=Bollywood Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow |date=2006 |publisher=Star Publications |isbn=978-1-905863-01-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA210 |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8223-5213-6}}
*{{cite book |last1=Joshi |first1=Rishikesh |title=First Day, Last Show: Impressions of a Film Lover |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZ-VDgAAQBAJ&dq=Rani+Mukerji&pg=PT141 |chapter=Mardaani - Rani all the way.... |date=3 April 2017 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781946822741 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Shoma A |title=Bollywood Cinema Kaleidoscope |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAk0EAAAQBAJ&dq=rani+mukherjee&pg=PA264 |date=2020 |publisher=Doshor Publication |isbn=9-788-1944-4291-2 |language=en}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0611552}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/rani-mukerji/ Rani Mukerji] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Navboxes
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{{Subject bar
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukerji, Rani}}
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Mawlid

2026-03-15T18:27:11Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Short description|Holiday commemorating the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad}}
{{About|the annual festival||Mawlid (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Mawlid
| image = Maulidur Rasul (8413657269).jpg
| caption = [[Islam in Malaysia|Malaysian Muslims]] in a Mawlid procession in capital [[Putrajaya]], 2013.
| observedby = Mainstream [[Sunni Muslims]] and [[Shia Muslims]]
| observances = [[Hamd]], [[Tasbih]], public processions, [[Na`at]] (religious poetry), [[Sawm]] (fasting), family and other social gatherings, decoration of streets and homes
| tradition = Islamic
| significance = Commemoration of the birth of [[Muhammad]]
| frequency = once every [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] year
| date = 12 [[Rabi' al-Awwal]]
| duration = 1 day
| longtype = [[Islamic holidays|Islamic]]
| date2025 = 4/5 September
| image_size = 280px
}}
{{Muhammad|praise}}
The '''Mawlid''' ({{langx|ar|مولد}}) is an annual festival commemorating the birthday of the [[Islam]]ic [[prophet]] [[Muhammad]] on the traditional date of 12 [[Rabi' al-Awwal]], the third month of the [[Islamic calendar]].

The Muslim general [[Gökböri]], a deputy of [[Saladin]] ({{Reign|1174|1193}}), is believed to have been the first to publicly celebrate Mawlid, which he did in an impressive ceremony at the [[Prophet's Mosque]] in [[Medina]]. The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] under [[Murad III]] ({{Reign|1574|1595}}) declared it an [[Kandil|official holiday]].

Celebrants hold {{Transliteration|ar|[[mehfil|mahfils]]}} on Mawlid in which [[Islamic poetry|religious poetry]] is recited in praise of Muhammad accompanied by a feast. Other customs affiliated with Mawlid are supererogatory fasting, Music and {{Transliteration|ar|[[dhikr]]}}.

The Mawlid observance is a recognized national holiday in most Muslim-majority countries of the world. It is generally approved by [[Shia Muslims]] as well as three Sunni schools of law, [[Hanafi]], [[Maliki]] and [[Shafi'i]]. However, the [[Deobandi]] and [[Salafi]] movements and [[Hanbali]] school consider the Mawlid a reprehensible {{Transliteration|ar|[[bid'a]]}} (innovation) and prohibit its observance. Some denominations of [[Islam]] do not approve of the commemoration of Muhammad's birthday, as they claim that there is no evidence from the Prophet and his companions that supports this day.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==Etymology==
The term {{Transliteration|ar|Mawlid}} is derived from the Arabic root word {{Transliteration|ar|walad}}, meaning "to give birth" or "descendant".<ref>{{lang|ar|قاموس المنجد}} – Moungued Dictionary (paper), or online: [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/arabic/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF Webster's Arabic English Dictionary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212031920/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/arabic/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF|date=12 February 2009}}</ref> Although it is a generic term for any day of birth, {{Transliteration|ar|Mawlid}} usually refers to the observance of the birthday of Muhammad.<ref name=Reference.com>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mawlid Mawlid]. Reference.com</ref><ref name="BBC" /> The day is also known as Mawlid al-Nabi and sometimes spelled Milad in some areas.

Along with being referred to as the celebration of the birth of Muhammad, the term Mawlid refers to the 'text especially composed for and recited at Muhammad's nativity celebration' or "a text recited or sung on that day".{{Sfn|Knappert|1988|pp=209–215}}
==Date==
According to the majority of [[Sunni]] Muslims and most Shias, Muhammad was born on the 12th of [[Rabi' al-Awwal]].<ref name="mahjubah">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4zYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22according+to+the+sunnis%22|title=Mahjubah|volume=16|year=1997|page=8}}</ref><ref name="princeton"/><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIzknQEACAAJ|title=Mawlid Al-nabi: Celebration and Permissibility|publisher=Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications|page=25|author=Tahir ul Qadri|year=2014|isbn=9781908229144}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeYpAQAAMAAJ|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World|author=John L. Esposito|year=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=121|isbn=978-0-19-506613-5 }}</ref> Many [[Twelver]] [[Shia]] Muslims on the other hand assert that Muhammad was born on the 17th of [[Rabi' al-Awwal]].<ref name="mahjubah"/><ref name="princeton"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Sealed-Nectar-Biography-Prophet-Muhammad-ebook/dp/B00DOKDP46/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1511971555&sr=8-3&keywords=sealed+nectar|title=Amazon.com}}</ref> It stands as a matter of ''[[ikhtilaf]]'' or disagreement since prominent Shia scholars such as [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]], [[Ibn Babawayh]], and [[Zayn al-Din al-Juba'i al'Amili|Zayn al-Din al-Juba'i al-'Amili]] have affirmed the date of the 12th of Rabi' al-Awal.<ref name="روز میلاد پیامبر بازگشت به رای متقدم تشیع">{{citation |url= https://kadivar.com/17515/amp |title= روز میلاد پیامبر بازگشت به رای متقدم تشیع |author= Mohsen Kadivar |access-date= 21 December 2019 |archive-date= 21 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191221223240/https://kadivar.com/17515/amp/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="ولادت رسول خدا (ص) در دوازدهم یا هفدهم ربیع الاول؟">{{citation|url= https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/46772/ولادت-رسول-خدا-ص-در-دوازدهم-یا-هفدهم-ربیع-الاول/ |title= ولادت رسول خدا (ص) در دوازدهم یا هفدهم ربیع الاول؟ | author= Rasool Jafariyan |date= March 2010 }}</ref> Nonetheless, others contend that the date of Muhammad's birth is unknown and is not definitively recorded in the Islamic traditions.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Sanjuán|editor1-first=Alejandro García|title=Till God Inherits the Earth: Islamic Pious Endowments in Al-Andalus (9–15th Centuries)|url=https://archive.org/details/tillgodinheritse00sanj_163|url-access=limited|date=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004153585|page=[https://archive.org/details/tillgodinheritse00sanj_163/page/n255 235]|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Annemarie Schimmel|author-link1=Annemarie Schimmel|title=Deciphering the signs of God: a phenomenological approach to Islam|date=1994|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=69|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Eliade|editor1-first=Mircea|editor1-link=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of religion, Volume 9|date=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780029098004|page=292|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite book|editor1-last=Fitzpatrick|editor1-first=Coeli|editor2-last=Walker|editor2-first=Adam Hani|title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781610691789|page=368|edition=illustrated}}</ref> The issue of the correct date of the Mawlid is recorded by [[Ibn Khallikan]] as constituting the first proven disagreement concerning the celebration.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=21}}

== History ==
The [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] declared it an official holiday in 1588,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shoup |first=John A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7Ups_zsbcC |title=Culture and Customs of Jordan |date=2007-01-01 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313336713 |page=35 |language=en}}</ref> known as [[Kandil|''Mevlid Kandil'']].<ref name="auto1">Manuel Franzmann, Christel Gärtner, Nicole Köck ''Religiosität in der säkularisierten Welt: Theoretische und empirische Beiträge zur Säkularisierungsdebatte in der Religionssoziologie'' Springer-Verlag 2009 {{ISBN|978-3-531-90213-5}} page 351</ref> The term ''Mawlid'' is also used in some parts of the world, such as [[Egypt]], as a generic term for the birthday celebrations of other historical religious figures such as [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[saint]]s.<ref name="BBC" />[[File:Mawlid an-Nabi SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam procession at Boulac Avenue in 1904 at Cairo, Egypt.jpg|thumb|Mawlid an-Nabi procession at Boulac Avenue in 1904 at [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].]]
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM In een optocht te Yogyakarta wordt een gunungan (ceremoniële rijstberg) gedragen ter gelegenheid van de 'Garebeg TMnr 10003399.jpg|thumb|The ''Garebeg'' festival celebrating Mawlid in Yogyakarta, [[Java Island]], [[Indonesia]].]]
In the early days of Islam, observation of [[Muhammad]]'s birth as a holy day was usually arranged privately, and later was an increased number of visitors to the Mawlid house that was open for the whole day specifically for this celebration.<ref name="Mawlid a., or Mawlud">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |title=Mawlid (a.), or Mawlud |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/mawlid-a-or-mawlud-COM_0716 |author1=Fuchs, H. |author2=Knappert J. |editor=P. Bearman |editor2=T. Bianquis |editor3=C. E. Bosworth |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |issn=1573-3912}}</ref> The history of this celebration goes back to the early days of Islam when some of the [[Tabi‘un]] began to hold sessions in which poetry and songs composed to honour Muhammad were recited and sung to the crowds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mawlid an-Nabi: Celebrating Prophet Muhammad's (s) Birthday |url=http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/spirituality/1--mawlid-an-nabi-celebration-of-prophet-muhammads-s-birthday.html |access-date=5 November 2018 |website=The Islamic Supreme Council of America |language=en-gb}}</ref>

The early celebrations included elements of Sufi influence, with animal sacrifices and torchlight processions along with public sermons and a feast.<ref name="Schussman">{{cite journal |last=Schussman |first=Aviva |year=1998 |title=The Legitimacy and Nature of Mawid al-Nabī: (analysis of a Fatwā) |journal=Islamic Law and Society |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=214–234 |doi=10.1163/1568519982599535}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | title=Mawlid |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc |year=2007 |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051530/mawlid}}</ref> The celebrations occurred during the day, in contrast to modern day observances, with the ruler playing a key role in the ceremonies.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=30}} Emphasis was given to the ''[[Ahl al-Bayt]]'' with presentation of sermons and recitations of the Qur'an.<ref>{{Citation|last=Zulkifli|title=The Madhhab|date=2013|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hgz34.11|work=The Struggle of the Shi‘is in Indonesia|pages=79–112|publisher=ANU Press|jstor=j.ctt5hgz34.11|isbn=978-1-925021-29-5|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref>

The exact origins of the Mawlid are difficult to trace.<ref name="abc">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ|title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|pages=365–368|isbn=9781610691789}}</ref> According to ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'', the significance of the event was established when Muhammad fasted on Monday, citing the reason for this was his birth on that day, and when [[Umar]] took into consideration Muhammad's birth as a possible starting time for the Islamic calendar.<ref name="abc" /> According to ''Festivals in World Religions'', the Mawlid was first introduced by the [[Abbasids]] in [[Baghdad]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d195AAAAMAAJ&q=mawlid+festival+abbasids|title=Festivals in World Religions|publisher=Longman|pages=230, 286|year=1986|isbn=9780582361966}}</ref> It has been suggested that the Mawlid was first formalized by [[al-Khayzuran]] of the [[Abbasids]].<ref name="abc"/> One of the earliest recorded Mawlid celebrations took place in the 8th century when [[al-Khayzuran]], mother of [[Harun al-Rashid]], invited people to pray, celebrate and rejoice at the site where Muhammad was born.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Birthday of Prophet Muhammad|url=https://nationaltoday.com/birthday-of-prophet-muhammad/|work=National Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name="abc"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Islam Its History, Teaching, and Practices|author=Solomon Alexander Nigosian|year=2004|publisher=Indiana University Press|page=127|isbn=9780253343154|language=en}}</ref>

[[Ibn Jubayr]], in 1183, writes that Muhammad's day of birth was celebrated every Monday of [[Rabi' al-Awwal]] at his birthplace, which had been converted priorly into a place of devotion under the Abbasids.<ref name="abc"/><ref name="princeton">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC&pg=PA335|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|page=335|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0691134840}}</ref>

According to the hypothesis of Nico Kaptein of [[Leiden University]], the Mawlid was initiated by the [[Fatimids]].{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=2|ps=:On the basis of this data, Kaptein hypothesizes that the celebration of the mawlid was initiated by the Fatimid dynasty and spread to Syria and the Jazira by the time of its fall.}} It has been stated, "The idea that the celebration of the ''mawlid'' originated with the Fatimid dynasty has today been almost universally accepted among both religious polemicists and secular scholars."{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=3}} Annemarie Schimmel also says that the tendency to celebrate the memory of Muhammad's day of birth on a larger and more festive scale emerged first in Egypt during the Fatimids. The Egyptian historian Maqrizi (d. 1442) describes one such celebration held in 1122 as an occasion in which mainly scholars and religious establishments participated. They listened to sermons, distributed sweets, particularly honey, Muhammad's favourite and the poor received alms.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-8078-4128-0|location=London|pages=145}}</ref> This Shia origin is frequently noted by those Sunnis who oppose Mawlid.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=113}} According to ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', however, what the Fatimids did was simply a procession of court officials, which did not involve the public but was restricted to the court of the Fatimid caliph.<ref name="britannica">{{citation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mawlid|title=Mawlid|date=29 September 2023 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Therefore, it has been concluded that the first Mawlid celebration which was a public festival was started by [[Sunnis]] in 1207 by [[Gökböri|Muẓaffar al-Dīn Gökburi]].<ref name="britannica"/>{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=50}}{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=67}}<ref>{{cite book |author=İbrahim Kafesoğlu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5VtAAAAMAAJ |title=A Short History of Turkish-Islamic States (excluding the Ottoman State) |year=1994 |publisher=Turkish Historical Society Printing House |isbn=9789751605719 |editor1=Erdoğan Merçil |page=184 |translator=Ahmet Edip Uysal |editor2=Hidayet Yavuz Nuhoğlu |display-editors=etal|author-link=İbrahim Kafesoğlu}}</ref>

It has been suggested that the celebration was introduced into the city [[Ceuta]] by [[Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi]] as a way of strengthening the Muslim community and to counteract Christian festivals.{{sfnp|Kaptein|1991|loc=Mawlid, 3. In the Mag̲h̲rib.}}<ref name="britannica"/>

===Start of a public holiday===
In 1207, the Turkic general [[Gökböri]] started the first annual public festival of the Mawlid in [[Erbil]].<ref name="abc"/> Gökböri was the brother-in-law of [[Saladin]] and soon the festival began to spread across the Muslim world.<ref name="britannica"/> Since Saladin and Gokburi were both [[Sufis]] the festival became increasingly popular among Sufi devotees which remains so till this day.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-28|title=Eid-e-Milad-Un-Nabi 2020: Date, history and importance|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/eid-e-milad-un-nabi-2020-date-history-and-importance-6906601/|access-date=2020-10-28|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] declared it an official holiday in 1588,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shoup |first=John A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7Ups_zsbcC |title=Culture and Customs of Jordan |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313336713 |page=35 |language=en}}</ref> known as [[Kandil|''Mevlid Kandil'']].<ref name="auto1"/> It is a national holiday in most parts of the Muslim world except [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Qatar]] which are officially Salafi.<ref>{{cite book |last1=March |first1=Luke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIjFBQAAQBAJ&dq=mawlid+wahhabi&pg=PA147 |title=Russia and Islam |date=24 June 2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136988998 |page=147 |accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Merkel |first=Udo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0ATBwAAQBAJ |title=Identity Discourses and Communities in International Events, Festivals and Spectacles |date=2015-02-11 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9781137394934 |page=203 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Woodward |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHb-640Gfa4C&q=mawlid%2520public%2520holiday&pg=PA169 |title=Java, Indonesia and Islam |date=2010-10-28 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9789400700567 |page=169 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Public holiday'''
!Country
!Status
!Reference
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/afghanistan/2022 | title=National Holidays in Afghanistan in 2022 | date=15 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/algeria/2022 | title=National Holidays in Algeria in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Regional ({{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}})
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regional.gov.au/territories/indian_ocean/iot_bulletins/2017/A31-2017-Cocos-Keeling-Island-Public-Holidays-2018.aspx|title=Cocos (Keeling) Islands Public Holidays 2018|website=regional.gov.au}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/bahrain/2022 | title=National Holidays in Bahrain in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/bangladesh/2022 | title=National Holidays in Bangladesh in 2022 | date=21 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/brunei/2022 | title=National Holidays in Brunei in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Chad}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/chad/2022 | title=National Holidays in Chad in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/comoros/2022 | title=National Holidays in Comoros in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/djibouti/2022 | title=National Holidays in Djibouti in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/egypt/2022 | title=National Holidays in Egypt in 2022 | date=6 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/ethiopia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Ethiopia in 2022 | date=7 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/gambia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Gambia in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/guinea/2022 | title=National Holidays in Guinea in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|Regional ([[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]], [[National Capital Territory]], [[Odisha]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]], [[Tripura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[West Bengal]])
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/india/2022 | title=Public Holidays in India in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/indonesia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Indonesia in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/iran/2022 | title=National Holidays in Iran in 2022 | date=6 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/iraq/2022 | title=National Holidays in Iraq in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|Optional (recognized for Muslims)
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kolzchut.org.il/he/%D7%97%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%90-%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99)#:~:text=%D7%97%D7%92%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%20(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%20%D7%90,%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%92%20%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9D%20%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A2. | title=חג הולדת הנביא מוחמד (מוולד א-נבי) | date=September 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/ivory-coast/2022 | title=National Holidays in Ivory Coast in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/jordan/2022 | title=National Holidays in Jordan in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/kuwait/2022 | title=National Holidays in Kuwait in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/lebanon/2022 | title=National Holidays in Lebanon in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/libya/2022 | title=National Holidays in Libya in 2022 | date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/malaysia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Malaysia in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/maldives/2022 | title=National Holidays in Maldives in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/mali/2022 | title=National Holidays in Mali in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/mauritania/2022 | title=National Holidays in Mauritania in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/morocco/2022 | title=National Holidays in Morocco in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Niger}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/niger/2022 | title=National Holidays in Niger in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/nigeria/2022 | title=National Holidays in Nigeria in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Oman}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/oman/2022 | title=National Holidays in Oman in 2022 | date=March 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/pakistan/2022 | title=National Holidays in Pakistan in 2022 | date=3 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Palestine}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/palestine/2022 | title=Public Holidays in Palestine in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/senegal/2022 | title=National Holidays in Senegal in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/sierra-leone/2022 | title=National Holidays in Sierra Leone in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/somalia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Somalia in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/sudan/2022 | title=National Holidays in Sudan in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/syria/2022 | title=Public Holidays in Syria in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/tanzania/2022 | title=National Holidays in Tanzania in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/tunisia/2022 | title=National Holidays in Tunisia in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|UAE}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/uae/2022 | title=National Holidays in United Arab Emirates in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|National
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/yemen/2022 | title=National Holidays in Yemen in 2022 | date=January 2022 }}</ref>
|}

==Observances==
===Where===
{{main|#Permissibility}}

Mawlid is celebrated in almost all Islamic countries, and in other countries that have a significant Muslim population, such as Ethiopia, [[India]], the United Kingdom, Turkey, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Iraq, Iran, Maldives, Morocco, Jordan, Libya, Russia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamdag.info/video/1127 |title=Mawlid celebration in Russia |publisher=Islamdag.info |access-date=20 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912231720/http://islamdag.info/video/1127 |archive-date=12 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Canada.<ref name="canada observances"/> Hari Maulaud Nabi is a public holiday in the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=Notice - Proclamation - Special Public & Bank Holidays 2022 Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands |url=https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/a33-2021-2022-public-holidays-cocos-keeling-islands.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101095635/https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/a33-2021-2022-public-holidays-cocos-keeling-islands.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-format=PDF |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=[[Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts]] }}</ref>

In the last decades of the late 20th century there has been a trend to "forbid or discredit" Mawlid because of the rise of [[Salafism]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Reuven Firestone|title=An Introduction to Islam for Jews|date=2010|publisher=[[Jewish Publication Society]]|isbn=9780827610491|page=132|edition=revised}}</ref>{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=184}}

===Sunni celebration===
The first Sunni mawlid celebration that we have a detailed description of was sponsored by [[Saladin]]'s general, Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi ([[Gökböri]]) and included the slaughtering of thousands of animals for a banquet which is believed to have cost 300,000 [[dirham]]s.{{sfn|Katz|2007|loc=Kindle Location 2069}}

The presence of guests and the distribution of monetary gifts at ''mawlid'' festivals had an important social function as they symbolized "concretizing ties of patronage and dramatizing the benevolence of the ruler" and also held religious significance, as "issues of spending and feeding were pivotal both to the religious and social function of the celebration."{{sfn|Katz|2007}}{{pn|date=August 2022}} Often organized in some countries by the Sunni Sufi orders,{{Sfn|Knappert|1988|pp=209–215}} Mawlid is celebrated in a [[carnival]] manner, large street processions are held and homes or mosques are decorated. Charity and food is distributed, and stories about the life of Muhammad are narrated with recitation of poetry by children.<ref name=FestivalsInIndia>{{cite web|url=http://www.festivalsinindia.net/barah-wafat/eid-ul-milad-rituals.html |title=Festivals in India |publisher=Festivals in India |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071214154947/http://www.pakistantimes.net/2007/04/02/top1.htm Pakistan Celebrate Eid Milad-un-Nabi with Religious Zeal, Fervor]}}. Pakistan Times. 2 April 2007.</ref>

Scholars and poets celebrate by reciting [[Qaṣīda al-Burda]] Sharif, the famous poem by 13th-century Arabic Sufi [[Al-Busiri|Busiri]]. A general Mawlid appears as "a chaotic, incoherent spectacle, where numerous events happen simultaneously, all held together only by the common festive time and space".<ref name="Schielke 2012">{{cite journal|last=Schielke|first=Samuli|title=Habitus of the authentic, order of the rational: contesting saints' festivals in contemporary Egypt.|journal=Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies|year=2012|volume=12|issue=2}}</ref> These celebrations are often considered an expression of the Sufi concept of the pre-existence of Muhammad.{{Sfn|Knappert|1988|pp=209–215}} However, the main significance of these festivities is the expression of love for Muhammad.<ref name="Schielke 2012"/>

===Theological pros and cons===
{{main|#Permissibility}}
Early ''fatwas'' and criticisms of the ''mawlid'' have taken issue with the "possibility of coerced giving" as hosts often took monetary contributions from their guests for festival costs.{{sfn|Katz|2007}}{{pn|date=August 2022}}

Jurists often conceptualized the observance of Muhammad's day of birth as a "form of reciprocation for God's bestowal of the Prophet Muhammad" as a way of justifying celebrations.{{sfn|Katz|2007}}{{pn|date=August 2022}} According to this thought, the bestowal of such a gift required thanks, which came in the form of the celebration of the ''mawlid''. Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali (1392 CE) and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalini (1449 CE) both expressed such ideas, specifically referencing the hadith about the Jews and the fast of ‘[[Ashura]]’, but broadening the conception of "thanks to God" to multiple forms of worship including [[prostration]], [[fasting]], [[almsgiving]], and [[Qira'at|Qur’anic recitation]].{{sfn|Katz|2007}}{{pn|date=August 2022}} The only limitation Ibn Hajar places on forms of celebration is that they must be neutral under [[Shari’a]].{{sfn|Katz|2007}}{{pn|date=August 2022}}

===By country===
'''Yemen'''

In Yemen, Mawlid al-Nabi, the celebration of Muhammad's birthday, is one of the most significant events of the year and is home to the largest Mawlid gathering in the world. In cities like Sana'a and other major urban centers, millions of people gather to mark the occasion with religious ceremonies, poetry recitations, and large processions, creating a deeply spiritual atmosphere. The color green, the Prophet's favorite color, is prominently worn by many, symbolizing life, renewal, and a connection to his legacy. Streets, mosques, and homes are adorned with green decorations and lights, further enhancing the festive mood. The event is not only a religious observance but also a reflection of Yemen’s strong cultural and historical ties to the Prophet’s life and teachings.

====Pakistan====
[[File:International Mawlid Conference at Minar-e-Pakistan Lahore by Minhaj-ul-Quran1.jpg|thumb|International Mawlid Conference, [[Minar-e-Pakistan]], [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]].]]

During [[Pakistan]]'s Mawlid, the day starts with a 31-gun salute in the federal capital and a [[21-gun salute]] at the provincial capitals and religious hymns are sung during the day.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051104162648/http://pakistantimes.net/2005/04/21/top1.htm Pakistan with Muslims world-over celebrate Eid Milad-un-Nabi tomorrow]}}</ref>

====Indonesia====
[[File:Sekaten Yogyakarta 2011 1.JPG|thumb|[[Sekaten]] fair in [[Indonesia]],<ref>[https://dawuhguru.co.id/bulan-maulid-memuat-nilai-nilai-dan-sejarah-penting-umat-islam/ Bulan Maulid Memuat Nilai Nilai dan Sejarah Penting Umat Islam], [[Dawuh Guru Media]]. Retrieved 16 December 2022.</ref> a week-long celebration of Mawlid.]]

In many parts of [[Indonesia]], the celebration of the ''Mawlid al-nabi'' "seems to surpass in importance, liveliness, and splendour" the two official Islamic holidays of [[Eid ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]].<ref>Herman Beck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=178X5n7zArwC&pg=PA262 Islamic purity at odds with Javanese identity: the Muhammadiyah and the celebration of Garebeg Maulud ritual in Yogyakarta], Pluralism and Identity: Studies in Ritual Behaviour, eds Jan Platvoet and K. van der Toorn, [[Brill Publishers|BRILL]], 1995, pg 262</ref>

====Tunisia====
In Qayrawan, Tunisia, Muslims sing and chant hymns of praise to Muhammad, welcoming him in honor of his birth.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Speight |first=Marston |year=1980 |title=The nature of Christian and Muslim festivals |journal=The Muslim World |volume=70 |issue=3–4 |pages=260–266 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-1913.1980.tb03417.x}}</ref> Also, generally in Tunisia, people usually prepare [[Assidat Zgougou]] to celebrate the Mawlid.<ref>[http://www.tunisia-live.net/2014/01/13/how-does-tunisia-celebrate-al-mawlid/ How Does Tunisia Celebrate Al Mawlid?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118225455/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2014/01/13/how-does-tunisia-celebrate-al-mawlid/ |date=18 January 2014 }} ''Tunisia Live''</ref>

====Turkey====
In [[Turkey]], Mawlid is widely celebrated. It is referred to as ''Mevlid Kandili'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], which means "the candle feast for the Prophet's day of birth".<ref>{{cite book | last=Schimmel | first=Annemarie | title=And Muhammad Is His Messenger The Veneration of Prophet in Islamic Piety | publisher=The University of North Carolina Press | year=1985 | isbn=0-8078-1639-6}}</ref> Traditional poems regarding Muhammad's life are recited both in public mosques and at home in the evening.<ref>Kenan Aksu ''Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making'' Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 18.07.2014 {{ISBN|9781443864534}} p. 231</ref> The most celebrated of these is the Mawlid of [[Süleyman Çelebi (poet)|Süleyman Çelebi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=LEVENT |first=Sibel ÜST ERDEM & Ramazan BÖLÜK-Mehmet Burak ÇAKIN-Sema |title=Journal of Turkish Studies |url=https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_ing_ozet&makale_id=21280 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=turkishstudies.net |date=17 October 2019 |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=389–418 |doi=10.7827/TurkishStudies.13040 |language=tr|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mawlid |url=http://www.lastprophet.info/the-mawlid |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Muhammad (pbuh) - Prophet of Islam |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630135723/https://lastprophet.info/the-mawlid |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Süleyman Çelebi {{!}} Turkish poet {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suleyman-Celebi |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Plenty of other mawlids were written in [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman times]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Mevlid Külliyyatı |publisher=Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları |year=2016 |isbn=978-975-19-6600-1 |edition=2nd |location=Ankara}}</ref>

====India====
[[File:Julus e Muhammadi on Mawlid un Nabi at Aligarh Muslim University, India.jpg|thumb|Milad/Mawlid un Nabi celebrations at Aligarh Muslim University, India]]
Among non-Muslim countries, India is noted for its Mawlid festivities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/46394241.cms |title=Milad Celebrated |work=The Times of India |date=14 May 2003 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> The [[relics of Muhammad]] are displayed after the morning prayers in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] at the [[Hazratbal Shrine]], where night-long prayers are also held.<ref>[http://www.tajanews.com/noqnews/nnqview.php?ArtID=1159 TajaNews] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214093639/http://www.tajanews.com/noqnews/nnqview.php?ArtID=1159|date=14 December 2007}}</ref> [[Hyderabad]] [[Telangana]] is noted for its grand milad festivities. Religious meetings, night-long prayers, rallies, parades and decorations are made throughout the city, and schools declare holiday.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating the prophet: Religious nationalism and the politics of Milad-un-Nabi festivals in India|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260530903|access-date=2020-10-28|website=ResearchGate|language=en}}</ref>

=== The prophet himself ===
According to [[Sahih Muslim]], the [[prophet]] fasted on his own birthday, which is why some Muslims also observe that fact and fast the day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Amjad |date=2020-10-26 |title=Did The Prophet (pbuh) Commemorate His Mawlid? |url=https://www.suffahfoundation.com/did-the-prophet-pbuh-commemorate-his-mawlid/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Suffah Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Charminar during Miladunnabi.jpg|thumb|Eid Milad-un--Nabi in Hyderabad, India]]

==Mawlid texts==
Along with being referred to as the celebration of the birth of Muhammad, the term Mawlid also refers to the 'text especially composed for and recited at Muhammad's nativity celebration' or "a text recited or sung on that day".{{Sfn|Knappert|1988|pp=209–215}} Such poems have been written in many languages, including Arabic, Kurdish and Turkish.<ref>Kenan Aksu Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 18.07.2014 {{ISBN|9781443864534}} p. 231</ref> These texts contain stories of the life of Muhammad, or at least some of the following chapters from his life, briefly summarized below:{{Sfn|Knappert|1988|pp=209–215}}

# The Ancestors of Muhammad
# The Conception of Muhammad
# The Birth of Muhammad
# Introduction of Halima
# Life of Young Muhammad in Bedouins
# Muhammad's orphanhood
# Abu Talib's nephew's first caravan trip
# Arrangement of Marriage between Muhammad and Khadija
# Al-Isra'
# Al-Mi'radj, or the Ascension to heaven
# Al-Hira, first revelation
# The first converts to Islam
# The Hijra
# Muhammad's death

These texts are only part of the ceremonies. There are many different ways that people celebrate Mawlid, depending on where they are from. There appears to be a cultural influence upon what kind of festivities are a part of the Mawlid celebration. In Indonesia, it is common the congregation recite [[Simthud Durar]], especially among [[Arab Indonesians]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

==Permissibility==
[[File:Maulidi Day in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|A banner with Maulid greetings in [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]].]]

Among Muslim scholars, the legality of Mawlid "has been the subject of intense debate" and has been described as "perhaps one of the most polemical discussions in Islamic law".<ref name="ABC-CLIO"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabbani |first=Faraz |date=25 November 2010 |title=Innovation (Bid'a) and Celebrating the Prophet's Birthday (Mawlid) |url=http://seekershub.org/ans-blog/2010/11/25/innovation-bida-and-celebrating-the-prophets-birthday-mawlid/ |access-date=26 January 2017 |website=SeekersHub.org |publisher= |quote=Again, if we follow the recourse that Allah Most High has given us: returning matters we’re not clear of to the people of knowledge, then we see that the mawlid, for example, has been carefully considered and generally approved of right across the four schools of mainstream Islamic law. In [[Singapore]], it was a national holiday once, but it was removed from [[Singapore]] holidays to improve business competitiveness. If someone doesn’t feel comfortable with that, it is fine, but condemning a mainstream action approved by mainstream Islamic scholarship is the basis of division and contrary to established principles.}}</ref><ref name="Schussman" /><ref name="Shakir">{{Cite book |last1=McDowell |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urcyCnUurGMC |title=World Religions At Your Fingertips |last2=Brown |first2=Nathan Robert |date=2009-03-03 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9781101014691 |page=106 |language=en}}</ref> Traditionally, most [[Sunni]] and nearly all of the [[Shia]] scholars have approved the celebration of Mawlid,<ref name="Schussman"/><ref name="Shakir"/>{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=169}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/verdict.htm | title=Mawlid: The conservative view}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mawlid-al-nabi-celebrations-across-middle-east-1182362142
| title = Mawlid al-Nabi: Celebrations across the Middle East
| website = Middle East Eye
| access-date = 28 February 2016
}}</ref> while [[Salafi]] and [[Deobandi]] scholars oppose the celebration.<ref name="islamicpluralism.org">[http://www.islamicpluralism.org/documents/shariah-law-islamist-ideology-western-europe.pdf A Guide to ''Shariah'' Law and Islamist Ideology in Western Europe 2007–2009], ''Centre for Islamic Pluralism'' (2009), p.84</ref><ref name="alislam.org">[https://www.alislam.org/friday-sermon/printer-friendly-summary-2009-03-13.html "True Commemoration of the blessed life of the Holy Prophet (pbuh)"], Al Islam Online</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBc9349sw4QC&q=wahabi+mawlid&pg=PA415 |title = Canada in Crisis (2): An Agenda for Survival of the Nation|isbn = 9781426933936|last1 = Battram|first1 = Robert A.|date = 22 July 2010| publisher=Trafford }}</ref><ref>Observing Islam in Spain: Contemporary Politics and Social Dynamics ''BRILL, 09.05.2018'' {{ISBN|9789004364998}} p. 101</ref><ref name="Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid">http://islamqa.info/en/249 [[Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid]].</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moj |first=Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Crg1DgAAQBAJ&dq=Milad+deobandi&pg=PA157 |title=The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies |date=March 2015 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-78308-390-9 |language=en}}</ref>

===Support===
Examples of historic Sunni scholars who permitted the Mawlid include the [[Shafi'i]] scholar [[Al-Suyuti]] (d 911 [[Hijri year|A.H.]]). He was a scholar who wrote a fatwa on the Mawlid, which became one of the most important texts on this issue.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=45}} Although he became famous outside of Egypt, he was caught in conflicts in Egypt his entire life.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=47}} For example, he believed that he was the most important scholar of his time, and that he should be regarded as a mujtahid (a scholar who independently interprets and develops the Law) and later as a mujaddid (a scholar who appears at end of a century to restore Islam).{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=47}} These claims made him the most controversial person of his time.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=47}} However, his fatwa may have received widespread approval and may not have provoked any conflicts.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=48}}

He stated that:<blockquote>''My answer is that the legal status of the observance of the Mawlid – as long as it just consists of a meeting together by the people, a recitation of apposite parts of the [[Quran|Qur'an]], the recounting of transmitted accounts of the beginning of (the biography of) the Prophet – may God bless him and grant him peace – and the wonders that took place during his birth, all of which is then followed by a banquet that is served to them and from which they eat-is a good innovation (bid'a hasana), for which one is rewarded because of the esteem shown for the position of the Prophet – may God bless him and grant him peace – that is implicit in it, and because of the expression of joy and happiness on his – may God bless him and grant him peace – noble birth.''{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=49}}</blockquote>Al-Suyuti thought that the Mawlid could be based on the fact that Muhammad performed the sacrifice for his own birth after his calling to be a prophet.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=64}} He said that Abu Lahab, who he called an unbeliever, had been condemned by what was revealed in the Quran but was rewarded in the fire "for the joy he showed on the night of the birth of the Prophet" by releasing from slavery Thuwayba when she had informed him of the birth of Muhammad.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|pp=64-65}} Therefore, he talked about what would happen to a Muslim who rejoiced in his birth and loved him.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=65}}

In response to al-Fakihani, al-Suyuti said a few things. He said that "because a matter is not known it does not necessarily follow that the matter does not exist nor ever has existed."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=54}} He also said that a "learned and judicious ruler introduced it," in responding to al-Fakihani's statement that "on the contrary, it is a bida that was introduced by idlers... nor the pious scholars..."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=54}} Al-Suyuti also said in response to "Nor is it meritorious, because the essence of the meritorious is what the Law demands," that "the demands of meritorious are sometimes based on a text and sometimes on reasoning by analogy."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=54}} Al-Suyuti said that bidas are not restricted to forbidden or reprehensible, but also to the permitted, meritorious, or compulsory categories in response to al-Fakihani's statement that "according to the consensus of the Muslims innovation in religion is not permitted."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=55}} In response to al-Fakihani's statement that "This, not withstanding the fact that the month in which he… is born namely Rabi'I, is exactly the same as the one in which he died. Therefore, joy and happiness in this month are not any more appropriate than sadness in this month,"{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=54}} al-Suyuti said that "birth is the greatest benefaction which has ever befallen us, but his death the greatest calamity that has been visited upon us."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=57}} He said that the law allows the expression of gratitude for benefactions and that Muhammad had prescribed the sacrifice after the birth of a child because this would express gratitude and happiness for the newborn.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=57}} Indeed, al-Suyuti said that the principles of the law say it is right to express happiness at Muhammad's birth.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=57}}

The Shafi'i scholar [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani]] ({{Died in|852 A.H.}}) too approved of the Mawlid{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=108}} and states that:<blockquote>'' As for what is performed on the day of the Mawlid, one should limit oneself to what expresses thanks to God, such as the things that have already been mentioned: [Qur'anic] recitation, serving food, alms-giving, and recitation of praise [poems] about the Prophet – may God bless him and grant him peace – and asceticism which motivate people to perform good deeds and act in view of the next world.''{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=64}}</blockquote>

The [[Damascus|Damascene]] Shafi'i scholar [[Abu Shama]] ({{Died in|1268}}) (who was a teacher of Imam [[al-Nawawi]] ({{Died in|676 A.H.}})) also supports the celebration of the Mawlid.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=63}}{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|p=328}} The [[Maliki]] scholar [[Ibn al-Hajj]] ({{Died in|737 A.H.}}) also spoke positively of the observance of the Mawlid in his book ''al-Madhkal''.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=58}} Al-Hajj addresses his thoughts on the paradoxical problem of misguided Mawlid observance when he says:

''<blockquote> This is a night of exceeding virtue, and what follows from an increase in virtue is an increase in the thanks that it merits through the performance of acts of obedience and the like. [However], some people, instead of increasing thanks, have increased innovations on it.{{sfn|Katz|2007|loc=Kindle locations 1936–1940}}</blockquote>''

Likewise, the Shafi'i Egyptian scholar [[Ibn Hajar al-Haytami]] ({{Died in|974 A.H.}}) was an avid supporter of the Mawlid and wrote a text in praise of it.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Nx8BAAAQBAJ|title=The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri|last=Spevack|first=Aaron|date=9 September 2014|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9781438453729|page=77|language=en}}</ref> This was supported and commented on by the Egyptian scholar and former head of [[Al-Azhar University]] [[Ibrahim al-Bajuri]]<ref name=":1" /> and by the [[Hanafi]] [[Syrian]] [[Mufti]] [[Ibn Abidin]].{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=170}} Another Hanafi Mufti [[Ali al-Qari]] ({{Died in|1014 A.H.}}) too supported the celebration of the Mawlid and wrote a text on the subject{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=112}} as did the [[Moroccan people|Moroccan]] Maliki scholar [[Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Kattānī]] ({{Died in|1345 A.H.}}).{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=102|ps=: "there is no doubt that the Prophet's (s) recompense to someone who does something for him will be better, more momentous, more copious, greater and more abundant than [that person's] action, because gifts correspond to the rank of those who give them and presents vary according to their bestowers; it is the custom of kings and dignitaries to recompense small things with the greatest of boons and the most splendid treasures, so what of the master of the kings of this world and the next?}} [[Ibn al-Jazari]] ({{Died in|833 A.H.}}), a Syrian Shafi'i scholar considered the celebration of the Mawlid to be a means of gaining Paradise.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=109|ps=: "If Abu Lahab, the unbeliever whose condemnation was revealed in the Qur'an, was rewarded (juziya) in hell for his joy on the night of the Prophet's birth, what is the case of a Muslim monotheist of the community of Muhammad the Prophet who delights in his birth and spends all that he can afford for love of him? By my life, his reward (jaza ') from the Beneficent God can only be that He graciously causes him to enter the gardens of bliss!"}}

In the Muslim world, the majority of Sunni Islamic scholars are in favor of the Mawlid.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=169}} "In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the celebration of the Prophet's (s) birthday and the recitation of mawlid texts were ubiquitous practices endorsed by the majority of mainstream Sunni scholars... by the modern period the celebration of the Mawlid was overwhelmingly accepted and practiced at all levels of religious education and authority. Prominent elite scholars continued to contribute to the development of the tradition." Examples include the former Grand Mufi of Egypt [[Ali Gomaa]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5USQgAACAAJ|title=Responding from the Tradition: One Hundred Contemporary Fatwas by the Grand Mufti of Egypt|last=Gomaa|first=Sheikh Ali|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Fons Vitae|isbn=9781891785443|language=en}}</ref> [[Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki]]{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=253}}{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|p=322}} of Saudi Arabia, [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]]<ref>[http://www.livingislam.org/n/mwld-qrd_e.html Shaykh Qardawi Approves of Celebrating Mawlid]. Yusuf Al-Qardawi.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/shaykh_qardawi_approves_of_celeb.htm|title=Shaykh Qardawi Approves of Celebrating Mawlid|website=www.sunnah.org|access-date=26 March 2016|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222231059/http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/shaykh_qardawi_approves_of_celeb.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> the primary scholar of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] movement, [[Habib Ali al-Jifri]],<ref>[http://www.alhabibali.com/audioVideo_details/ln/en/avid/780]{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIzknQEACAAJ|title=Mawlid Al-nabi: Celebration and Permissibility|last=Tahir-ul-Qadri|first=Dr Muhammad|date=1 May 2014|publisher=Minhaj-UL-Quran Publications|isbn=9781908229144|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Milad-un-Nabi-gets-colourful-elaborate/articleshow/50305110.cms|title=Milad-un-Nabi gets colourful, elaborate|website=The Times of India|date=24 December 2015 |access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> [[Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/mass-moulood-celebrated-in-green-point-1633613|title=Mass Moulood celebrated in Green Point {{!}} IOL|website=IOL|access-date=3 June 2016}}</ref> of Syria, president of the Heritage and History Committee of the [[United Arab Emirates]] Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khazraji{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=203}} and [[Zaid Shakir]], all of whom subscribe to [[Sunni Islam]], have given their approval for the observance of Mawlid.

===Opposition===
[[Salafism]], which is represented in [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Qatar]], does not celebrate the Mawlid. The general consensus of [[Deobandism|Deobandi]] scholars have also declared Mawlid as an innovation and forbidden its celebration. [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]], one of the most prominent Deobandi scholars, wrote a treatise titled {{Transliteration|ur|Tariqa Mawlid Sharif}} ("way of the noble Mawlid"), in which he developed a systematic argument aimed at proving the Mawlid celebration as prohibited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=انیسویں صدی میں جنوبی ایشیا میں مذہبی شناختوں کی تشکیل (۱۵) - ڈاکٹر شیر علی ترین |url=https://alsharia.org/2023/apr/mazhabi-tashkeel-15-dr-sher-ali |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=alsharia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Soft copy by Mansha Khan |url=http://archive.org/details/Tarikamawlidsharif |title=طریقہ مولد شریف (Tarika Mawlid Sharif)}}</ref> However, the practice is still common,<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Aleem says: - traditional Eid-e-Milad-Un-nabi is Bid'ah. It is not Islamically right. But, it is true that Rasulullah SAWS himself celebrates the days MONDAYs keeping Fast since it was his birth day, day of Hizrat, day of getting Nabuwat etc. I would like to know, if it is correct and if so, can we keep fast on Mondays like our prophet SAWS ? Zazakallahu Khairan |url=https://www.darulifta-deoband.com/home/en/Innovations--Customs/4786}}</ref> and the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, scholars wing of [[Deobandi]]sm celebrate Mawlid in [[Kanpur]] city of Uttar Pradesh, India by bringing out
procession since 1913<ref>{{cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=Eid-Milad-un-Nabi: People take out procession in city |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/94750311.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eid Miladunnabi 2022: Kanpur में निकला जुलूस ए मोहम्मदी, चंद्रेश्वर हाता के सामने की लेन खाली, देखें तस्वीरें - Eid Miladunnabi 2022 Procession e Mohamdi out on Eid Miladunnabi in Kanpur lane in front of Chandreshwar Hata was kept empty |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-city-eid-miladunnabi-2022-procession-e-mohamdi-out-on-eid-miladunnabi-in-kanpur-lane-in-front-of-chandreshwar-hata-was-kept-empty-23128464.html}}</ref> and also takes part in Mawlid celebrations in [[Aligarh Muslim University]] which is organized ever year under Seerat Committee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seerat Committee, AMU concludes week-long programme &#124; February 02, 2017 |url=https://amu.ac.in/news/2017/2/02/seerat-committee-amu-concludes-week-long-programme}}</ref> One of the Deobandi scholar who regularly delivers mawlid speeches in Aligarh Muslim University, India Prof. Qasmi (Dean, Faculty of Theology, AMU) told that Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi functions have been organized at MAO College/Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) since the times of its founder.<ref>[[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]] https://indiaeducationdiary.in/eid-milad-un-nabi-celebrated-at-aligarh-muslim-university-amu/</ref>

Taj al-Din al-Fakihani ({{Died in|1331}}), an Egyptian [[Maliki]], considered Mawlid to be a blameworthy innovation that was either [[makruh]] (not encouraged) or [[haram]] (forbidden). Al-Fakihani believed that there was no basis for celebration in the Qur’an (it is never referred to), nor in the Sunnah, and that there was no observance of it on authority of scholars of the umma.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=52}} He said that it was a "bid`a (innovation) that was introduced by idlers, and a delight to which gluttons abandon themselves." He described it not as compulsory, meritorious, or permitted, and therefore as reprehensible or forbidden.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=52}} He said that it was reprehensible when a person observed at their own expense without doing more at the gathering than to eat and abstain from doing anything sinful.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=52}} The second condition of the category of forbidden, according to al-Fakihani, was when committing of transgressions entered into the practice,{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=52}} such as "singing–with full bellies–accompanied by instruments of idleness like drums and reed flutes, with the meeting of men with young boys and male persons with attractive women–either mixing with them or guarding them–, just like dancing by swinging and swaying, wallowing in lust and forgetting of the Day of Doom."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=53}} He also said, "And likewise the women, when they come together and there lend their high voices during the reciting with sighing and singing and thereby during the declaiming and reciting disobey the law and neglect His word: ‘Verily, your Lord is on a watchtower’ (Sura 89:14)."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=53}} He further said, "Nobody with civilized and courteous manners approves of this. It is only pleasing to people whose hearts are dead and do not contain few sins and offenses."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=53}} Finally, he said that the month when Muhammad was born was also the month in which he died, and so implied that joy and happiness in that month are not more appropriate than sadness in that month.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=54}}

Fellow Egyptian Maliki [[Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari]] also considered Mawlid as a blameworthy innovation that was either [[makruh]] or [[haram]], who added that the celebration was never practiced by the [[Salaf]].{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=71}} However, Ibn al-Haj affirms the auspicious qualities of the month of the Mawlid in the most effusive terms.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=201}} and considers Muhammad's date of birth as a particularly blessed time of the year.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=65}} The Maliki scholar [[Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi|al-Shatibi]] considered Mawlid an illegitimate innovation.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=73}} The [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] jurist Abu 'Abd Allah al-Haffar ({{Died in|1408}}) opposed Mawlid, noting that had the [[Sahaba]] celebrated it then its exact date would not be a matter of uncertainty.{{sfn|Katz|2007|pp=159–160}} The former grand mufti of Saudi Arabia, [[Ibn Baz]], along with Hammud ibn 'Abd Allah al-Tuwayjiri ({{Died in|1992}}), another Saudi scholar, in their opposition also argued that there were many worthy occasions in Muhammad's life which he never commemorated, such as the revelation of the first verses of the Qur'an, the Night Journey and the hijra.{{sfn|Katz|2007|pp=203–204}}{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|p=322}}

===Mixed===
The position of [[Ibn Taymiyya]] (1263–1328) on the Mawlid has been mixed. On the one hand, he considered that it was a reprehensible devotional innovation and criticised those who celebrated the Mawlid out of a desire to imitate the Christian celebration of Jesus's day of birth.{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=117|ps=: "The rationale of expressing love for the Prophet was so compelling that it occasionally forced even opponents of the ''mawlid'' celebration to qualify their disapproval. Ibn Taymiya remarks that people may celebrate the ''mawlid'' either in order to emulate the Christians' celebration of Jesus's birthday, or "out of love (''mahabba'') and reverence (''ta'zim'') for the Prophet." Although the first motive is manifestly invalid, Ibn Taymiya acknowledges the latter intention as legitimate; one who acts on this motivation may be rewarded for his love and his effort, although not for the sinful religious innovation in itself."}}{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|pp=324–325|ps=: "At the same time, Ibn Taymiyya recognizes that people observe the mawlid for different reasons and should be recompessed [recompensed?] according to their intentions. Some, for example, observe the mawlid out of a desire to imitate the Christian celebration of Jesus's birthday on Christmas. This intention is reprehensible"}} On the other hand, he recognised that some observe Muhammad's day of birth out of a desire to show their love and reverence of him and therefore might be rewarded for their good intention, though not for the act itself, which he explicitly stated to be a forbidden ([[haram]]) innovation ({{Transliteration|ar|[[bid'a]]}}).{{sfn|Katz|2007|p=117|ps=: "The rationale of expressing love for the Prophet was so compelling that it occasionally forced even opponents of the ''mawlid'' celebration to qualify their disapproval. Ibn Taymiya remarks that people may celebrate the ''mawlid'' either in order to emulate the Christians' celebration of Jesus's birthday, or "out of love (''mahabba'') and reverence (''ta'zim'') for the Prophet." Although the first motive is manifestly invalid, Ibn Taymiya acknowledges the latter intention as legitimate; one who acts on this motivation may be rewarded for his love and his effort, although not for the sinful religious innovation in itself."}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYyfAwAAQBAJ|title=Islamic Law in Theory: Studies on Jurisprudence in Honor of Bernard Weiss|date=9 May 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004265196|language=en|quote=Not only does Ibn Taymiyyah recognize the pious elements within devotional innovations, but he asserts that sincere practitioners of these innovations merit a reward. As I argue elsewhere, Ibn Taymiyyah's paradoxical position stems from a practical awareness of the way that Muslims of his day engaged in devotional practices. Ibn Taymiyya states that: "There is no doubt that the one who performs these [innovated festivals], either because of his own interpretation and independent reasoning or his being a blind imitator (muqallid) of another, receives a reward for his good purpose and for the aspects of his acts that confirm with the lawful and he is forgiven for those aspects that fall under the scope of the innovated if his independent reasoning or blind obedience is pardonable."}}</ref>{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|p=320|ps=: "At the same time he recognized that some observe the Prophet's (s) birthday out of a desire to show their love of the Prophet and thus deserve a great reward for their good intentions."}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHb-640Gfa4C&q=Ibn%2520Taymiyya|title=Java, Indonesia and Islam|last=Woodward|first=Mark|date=28 October 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789400700567|page=170|language=en|quote=The Mawlid is among the most commonly mentioned examples of praiseworthy innovation. This view is shared even by some of the most strident opponents of most other modalities of popular Islam. Ibn Taymiyyah, the Kurdish reformer who most Indonesian and other Islamists take as their spiritual ancestor and mentor, was subdued in his critique of the Mawlid. His position was that those who performed it with pious intent and out of love for the Prophet Muhammad (s) would be rewarded for their actions and forgiven any sin from bid'ah that they might incur.}}</ref> The [[Salafi movement|Salafi]] writer Hamid al-Fiqi ({{Died in|1959}}) criticised Ibn Taymiyya for holding this view and stating that "How can they receive a reward for this when they are opposing the guidance of God's Messenger (pbuh)?".{{sfn|Ukeles|2010|p=322}}

[[Ibn al-Hajj]] (c. 1250/56-1336) praised carrying out ceremonies and expressions of gratitude during the festival but rejected the forbidden and objectionable matters that took place at it.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=58}} He objected to certain things, such as singers performing to the accompaniment of percussion instruments, pointing to their blameworthiness.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=58}} He asked about what connections there might have been between percussion instruments and the month of Muhammad's day of birth.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=58}} However, he said that it was right to honor and distinguish the day of birth because it showed respect for the month.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=59}} He also said that excellence lied in devotional acts.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=59}} Therefore, al-Hajj said that "the respect of this noble month should consist of additional righteous works, the giving of alms and other pious deeds. If anybody is not able to do so, let him then in any case avoid what is forbidden and reprehensible out of respect for this noble month."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=60}} He said that even though the Quran might be recited, the people actually were "longing for the most skilled adepts of folly and stimulating means to entertain the people," and said that this was "perverse".{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|pp=60-61}} Therefore, he did not condemn the Mawlid, but only "the forbidden and objectionable things which the Mawlid brings in its wake."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=61}} He did not disapprove of preparing a banquet and inviting people to participate.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=62}} In addition, Ibn al-Hajj also said that people observed the Mawlid not just from reasons of respect but also because they wanted to get back the silver they had given on other joyous occasions and festivals, and said that there were "evil aspects" attached to this.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=62}}

Skaykh al-Islam, Abu I-Fadl ibn Hajar, who was "the (greatest) hafiz of this time,"{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=63}} said that the legal status of the Mawlid was that it was a bida, which was not transmitted on the authority of one of the pious ancestors.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=63}} However, he said that it comprised both good things, as well as the reverse, and that if one strove for good things in practicing it and evaded bad things, the Mawlid was a good innovation, and if not, then not.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=63}} He said that the coming of Muhammad was a good benefaction and said that only the day ought to be observed.{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|pp=63-64}} He said that "it is necessary that one restricts oneself to that which expresses gratitude to God… namely by reciting the Quran, the giving of a banquet, almsgiving, declamations of some songs of praise for the Prophet and some ascetic songs of praise, which stimulate the hearts to do good and to make efforts to strive for the Hereafter."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=64}} He also said that the "sama and the entertainment and the like" may have been in line with the joyous nature of the day, but said that “what is forbidden or reprehensible, is, of course, prohibited. The same holds true for what is contrary to that which is regarded as the most appropriate."{{sfn|Kaptein|1993|p=64}}

==Other uses==
{{Main|Urs}}

In some countries, such as Egypt and [[Sudan]], Mawlid is used as a generic term for the celebration of the day of birth of local Sufi saints and not only restricted to the observance of the birth of Muhammad.{{sfn|Kaptein|1991}} Around 3,000 Mawlid celebrations are held each year. These festivals attract an international audience, with the largest one in Egypt attracting up to three million people honouring [[Ahmad al-Badawi]], a local 13th-century Sufi saint.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/middle_east_egypt0s_biggest_moulid/html/2.stm |title=In pictures: Egypt's biggest moulid |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Mawlid an-Nabawi SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam Celebrations in Cairo in 1878.jpg|Mawlid an-Nabawi celebrations in [[Cairo]] in 1878
File:Mawlid Celebrations in Ottoman Benghazi.jpg|The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] flag is raised during Mawlid an-Nabi celebration of Mohammad's day of birth in 1896 in the field of municipal [[Libyan]] city of [[Benghazi]]
File:Собрание на празднике маулид в Керале (Индия). 25 апреля 2007.jpg|Mawlid celebration in 2007 in [[India]]
</gallery>
==See also==
{{Portal|Islam}}
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
*''[[Bayt al-Mawlid]]'', the [[Makkah Al Mukarramah Library|house]] where Muhammad is believed to have been born
*[[Durood]]
*[[Hamd]]
*[[Haḍra]]
*[[Madih nabawi]]
*[[Mawsim]]
*[[Mehfil]]
*[[Na`at|Na'at]]
*[[Mawlid al-Barzanjī]]
*[[Islamic poetry]]
*[[Mid-Sha'ban]]
*[[Tweeza]]
*[[Ya Muhammad]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="canada observances">
*{{cite web |url=http://www.q-news.com/367-Cloak.html |title=q News |publisher=q News |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928201849/http://www.q-news.com/367-Cloak.html |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/1996/08August96.html |title=Arts Web Bham |publisher=Arts Web Bham |date=14 August 1996 |access-date=20 November 2011}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsoflondon.co.uk/diary/2007/04/apr.htm |title=Buildings of London |publisher=Buildings of London |access-date=20 November 2011}}
*[http://www.jsboard.co.uk/etac/etbb/benchbook/et_03/et_mf09.htm Js Board] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217115459/http://www.jsboard.co.uk/etac/etbb/benchbook/et_03/et_mf09.htm |date=17 December 2007 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnirazvi.org/society/uk.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010225225841/http://www.sunnirazvi.org/society/uk.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2001 |title=United Kingdom |website=Sunni Razvi Society }}
*{{cite web|last=Bednikoff |first=Emilie |url=http://mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/html/Salahouddine/index.htm |title=Montreal Religious Sites Project |publisher=Mrsp.mcgill.ca |access-date=20 November 2011}}
*{{cite web |url=http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?s=Mawlid |title=Muslim Media Network |publisher=Muslim Media Network |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715000028/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?s=Mawlid |archive-date=15 July 2012 }}
*[http://www.mawlid.ca/events.htm Canadian Mawlid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009225954/http://www.mawlid.ca/events.htm |date=9 October 2007 }}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/miladunnabi.shtml |title=Religion & Ethics – Milad un Nabi |publisher=BBC |date=7 September 2009 |access-date=20 November 2011}}</ref>

}}

===Bibliography===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last=Knappert |first=J |year=1988 |title=The Mawlid |journal=Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica |volume=19 |pages=209–215}}
*{{EI2 |last=Kaptein |first=N. J. G. |title=Mawlid | volume = 6}}
* {{cite book | last = Kaptein | first =N. J. G. | title = Muḥammad's Birthday Festival: Early History in the Central Muslim Lands and Development in the Muslim West Until the 10th/16th Century | publisher = Brill | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-9-0040-9452-9 | url = {{Google Books|vSY97ikutQoC|plainurl=yes}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Katz |first=Marion Holmes |year=2007 |title=The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-1359-8394-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/birthprophetmuha00katz |url-access=limited}}
* {{cite book |last=Ukeles |first=Raquel |year=2010 |chapter=The Sensitive Puritan? Revisiting Ibn Taymiyya's Approach to Law and Spirituality in Light of 20th-century Debates on the Prophet's Birthday (''mawlid al-nabī''). |title=Ibn Taymiyya and His Times |editor1=Youssef Rapport |editor2=Shahab Ahmed |pages=319–337 |place=Karachi |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199402069}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Hagen |first=Gottfried |year=2014 |chapter=Mawlid (Ottoman) |title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.) |editor-first1=C. |editor-last1=Fitzpatrick |editor-first2=A. |editor-last2=Walker |location=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO}}
* {{cite book |last=Malik |first=Aftab Ahmed |title=The Broken Chain: Reflections Upon the Neglect of a Tradition |publisher=Amal Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-9540544-0-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Picken |first=Gavin |year=2014 |chapter=Mawlid |title=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.) |editor-first1=C. |editor-last1=Fitzpatrick |editor-first2=A. |editor-last2=Walker |location=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO}}
* {{cite book |last=Tahir-ul-Qadri |first=Muhammad |year=2014 |title=Mawlid al-Nabi: Celebration and Permissibility |publisher=Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications |isbn=978-1908229144}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|mawlid}}
{{wikisource|The Birth of the Prophet}}
{{commons}}
* [http://www.lexicorient.com/e.o/mawlid.htm Mawlid from the Encyclopedia of the Orient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023513/http://www.lexicorient.com/e.o/mawlid.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}
* [http://masud.co.uk/the-mawlid-the-conservative-view/ The Mawlid: The Conservative View]
* [http://masud.co.uk/the-mawlid-a-time-to-celebrate/ The Mawlid: A Time to Celebrate]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181109115239/https://minorblast.com/eid-milad-un-nabi-images-download/ Eid Milad un Nabi Images]
* [https://www.festival-history.com/2020/10/prophet-muhammad.html/ Eid Mawlid Nabi: Celebrate]

{{Muslim holidays}}
{{Public holidays in Algeria}}
{{Public holidays in Indonesia}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}
{{Public holidays in India}}
{{Public holidays in Sri Lanka}}
{{Holidays in Maldives}}
{{Sufi|state=collapsed}}
{{Sufism terminology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mawlid| ]]
[[Category:Birthdays of religious leaders]]
[[Category:Life of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Kandil]]
[[Category:Islamic holidays]]
[[Category:National days in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Algeria]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Morocco]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Egypt]]
[[Category:Shia days of remembrance]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Sufism]]
[[Category:Sufism in Algeria]]
[[Category:Festivals in Algeria]]
[[Category:Festivals in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Festivals in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Festivals in Morocco]]
[[Category:Festivals in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Festivals in Egypt]]
[[Category:Festivals in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi flag flying days]]

Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)

2026-03-15T13:46:12Z

MohammadMullen: new a entry needs work!

{{short description|Political alliance in the 2019 Indian general election}}
{{About|the political alliance in Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] formed during the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 elections]]|other such alliances with the same name|Mahagathbandhan (disambiguation){{!}}Mahagathbandhan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Mahagathbandhan
|abbreviation = MGB
|founder = *[[Mayawati]] {{small|([[Bahujan Samaj Party]])}}
*[[Akhilesh Yadav]] {{small|([[Samajwadi Party]])}}
|logo = [[File:Saathi Logo.jpeg|250px]]

|colorcode = {{party color|Mahagathbandhan}}
|leader =
|president =
|chairman =
|secretary =
|no_of_members = 12
|ppchairman =
|no_states =
|headquarters = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Locked in a contest with Mahagathbandhan, BJP edgy in western UP |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/locked-in-a-contest-with-mahagathbandhan-bjp-edgy-in-western-up/article26797745.ece |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=Business Line |date=10 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|ideology ={{Nowrap|[[Big tent]] '''Factions:''' [[Social equality]]<ref>{{cite news |work=Deccan Herald|title=BSP stands for social equality |date=11 February 2008 |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Feb122008/district2008021151743.asp |access-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314114540/http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Feb122008/district2008021151743.asp |archive-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Social justice]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Cong damaged cause of social justice: Mayawati |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2009 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/cong-damaged-cause-of-social-justice-mayawati/story-4brhIxzP1pQeE3FJlOC7KP.html |access-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> [[Self-Respect Movement|Self-respect]]<ref>{{cite news |title=A Chamar will be my successor: Mayawati |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/a-chamar-will-be-my-successor-mayawati/article3097137.ece |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=28 August 2006 |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Social democracy]]<ref>{{cite book|title=India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnAlnDZ2KcYC&q=India+at+the+Polls|page=78|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2003|first1=Mahendra Prasad|last1=Singh|first2=Rekha|last2=Saxena|isbn=978-8-125-02328-9}}</ref> [[Left-wing populism]]<ref>{{cite news|date=14 January 2017|title=Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini|url=https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/mulayams-son-prateek-yadav-attracts-eye-balls-during-ride-in-rs-5-crore-lamborghini_1967175.html|agency=ANI|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526221305/https://zeenews.india.com/uttar-pradesh/mulayams-son-prateek-yadav-attracts-eye-balls-during-ride-in-rs-5-crore-lamborghini_1967175.html|archive-date=26 May 2022}}</ref> [[Social conservatism]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vij |first1=Shivam |title=Which political party has most clearly and consistently opposed women's rights? |url=https://scroll.in/article/666351/which-political-party-has-most-clearly-and-consistently-opposed-womens-rights |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=5 June 2014}}</ref> [[Communism]]<ref name="Leninism">{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Bidyut |date= 2014|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|page= 314 |isbn=978-0-199-97489-4 }}</ref> [[Marxism-Leninism]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|title=Brief History of CPI - CPI|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209001241/https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>}}
|position =
|colours =
|eci =
|symbol =
|website =
|flag = 
}}
The '''Mahagathbandhan''' (or Grand Alliance), or '''MGB''',<ref name="IANS">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bjp-has-numbers-to-crack-mgb-s-caste-code-in-up-s-final-round-ians-special-119051500390_1.html|title=BJP has numbers to crack MGB's caste code in UP's final round (IANS Special) |date=15 May 2019 |agency=IANS |work=Business Standard India |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> or simply the '''Gathbandhan''' (Alliance),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Lalmani |title=For UP gathbandhan, RLD is first off the block, SP-BSP yet to get going |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/up-lok-sabha-elections-gathbandhan-rld-ajit-singh-bsp-sp-5653779/ |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=2 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=th04142019>{{cite news |title='SP-BSP-RLD thagbandhan won't cross double digits' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sp-bsp-rld-thagbandhan-wont-cross-double-digits/article26837237.ece |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=14 April 2019 |agency=PTI}}</ref> was an anti-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Swati |title=Opinion: With Typical Arrogance, Congress Dents Opposition Unity Again |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/mayawati-vs-congress-goes-next-level-opposition-unity-hit-anew-1962659 |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=NDTV |date=1 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=P|first=Shilpa|date=11 April 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/110419/we-can-become-kingmakers-bsp-chief-mayawati-eggs-on-party-workers.html|title=We can become kingmakers: BSP chief Mayawati eggs on party workers|work=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> anti-[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/bsp-will-play-a-role-in-balance-of-power-at-centre-mayawati/article26799236.ece|title=BSP will play a role in 'balance of power' at Centre: Mayawati|date=10 April 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 April 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/080519/since-mahagathbandhan-was-formed-bjp-lost-sleep-mayawati.html|title=Since mahagathbandhan was formed, BJP lost sleep: Mayawati|date=8 May 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/riskmap/2019/05/17/india-elections-what-to-expect-under-modi-2-0/|title=India Elections: What To Expect Under Modi 2.0|date=17 May 2019|website=Forbes|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref> Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, [[Akhilesh Yadav]] of the [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Mayawati]] of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], along with [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]'s [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]].

The Mahagathbandhan left 2 seats in Uttar Pradesh for Congress president [[Rahul Gandhi]] and his mother [[Sonia Gandhi]] to run in and Mayawati declared its support for the two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-mahagathbandhan-vote-will-go-to-congress-in-amethi-rae-bareli-maya/story-RV9SnvIaVoEeaOFaCVpNjL.html|title=Lok Sabha elections 2019: Mahagathbandhan vote will go to Congress in Amethi, Rae Bareli: Mayawati|date=6 May 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> The coalition alliance has brought together "two arch rivals" of the past, and have been campaigning at the grassroots level.<ref>{{cite news |title=SP-BSP Gathbandhan: How effective is the alliance? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sp-bsp-gathbandhan-how-effective-is-the-alliance/videoshow/68852110.cms |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Mahagathbandhan opposed BJP's [[Narendra Modi]] in the 2019 general elections.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/view-mahagathbandhan-standing-like-a-wall-between-modi-and-his-second-term/articleshow/69341139.cms|title= Mahagathbandhan standing like a wall between Modi and his second term|date=15 May 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref> According to the ''Business Standard'', the Mahagathbandhan attempted to compete in the 2019 election using caste [[Votebank|vote bank]] arithmetic.<ref name="IANS"/> The Mahagathbandhan alliance was projected as a "bulwark against a second term for BJP", but found little support among the voters and was "virtually swept away", according to ''The Tribune India''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Naim |first1=Shahira |title=Mahagathbandhan fails to make it |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/mahagathbandhan-fails-to-make-it-777358 |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=Tribune |date=24 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In June 2019, Mayawati blamed the general elections defeat of the alliance on the weakness within the Samajwadi party, its failure to consolidate the backward caste votes. Mayawati ended the alliance. The Samajwadi Party confirmed the "undoing of the Mahagathbandhan", according to ''The Week''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Awasthi |first1=Puja |title=Mahagathbandhan: Why SP is relieved Mayawati pulled plug on alliance |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/06/05/mahagathbandhan-why-sp-relieved-mayawati-pulled-plug-on-alliance.html |access-date=15 April 2022 |magazine=The Week |date=5 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
The Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) are the two largest parties in the 2019 ''Mahagathbandhan''. [[Kanshi Ram]] and [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] formed an alliance in the early 1990s, when they formed a coalition government in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], with Mulayam Singh Yadav as the state's chief minister.<ref name=ie04282019>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/mayawati-akhilesh-yadav-sp-bsp-alliance-guest-house-attack-5540258/ The story of the Guest House], Ravish Tiwari, The Indian Express (28 April 2019)</ref> The alliance won the [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993 assembly elections]] against BJP. They used the slogan ''Mile Mulayam, Kanshi Ram, Hava mein ud gaye Jai Shri Ram'' in the wake of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] movement, with the slogan meaning "Mulayam & Kanshiram Come Together, Jai Shri Ram Vanishes".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/slogans-that-have-changed-electoral-battles/articleshow/68540950.cms|title=Slogans that have changed electoral battles|last=Seetharaman|first=G.|date=23 March 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/uttar-pradesh/news/witness-to-historic-sp-bsp-union-in-1993-this-sp-leader-hopes-for-a-longer-inning-this-time/articleshow/68757475.cms|title=Lok Sabha elections in UP: Witness to historic SP-BSP union in 1993, this SP leader hopes for a longer inning this time |website=The Times of India|date=7 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> In 1991 and 1993 elections, Mulayam Singh Yadav transferred his votes to Kanshi Ram's BSP.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/uttar-pradesh/news/etawah-where-gathbandhan-clicked-in-1991/articleshow/69078012.cms|title=Etawah, where 'gathbandhan' clicked in 1991 |website=The Times of India|date=28 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/from-mulayam-kanshi-ram-to-maya-akhilesh-how-sp-bsp-joined-hands-to-halt-bjp-juggernaut-2000057.html|title=From Mulayam-Kanshi Ram to Maya-Akhilesh, How SP-BSP Joined Hands to Halt BJP Juggernaut|website=News18|date=12 January 2019 |access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> In undivided UP, BSP contested 164 seats and won 67 while SP contested 256 seats and won 109 in the house of 425 resulting in coalition government formed with Congress's support from the outside.<ref name=et05122019>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/maya-mulayam-dosti-dushmani-and-dosti-again/articleshow/68952755.cms|title=Maya-Mulayam: Dosti, dushmani and dosti again|date=19 April 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref>

On 1 June 1995, Mayawati accused Samajwadi party of usurping its voters and decided to end the alliance.<ref name=et05122019/> The Samajwadi leadership learned that the Bahujan Samaj Party had decided to end the alliance. On 2 June 1995, states the ''[[Indian Express]]'', Samajwadi Party's leaders decided to raid BSP, create a breakaway group in the BSP, bring the breakaway group into the SP to keep power. These leaders, along with grassroots level workers of the Samajwadi Party, then went to the Bahujan Samaj Party guest house where a meeting was in progress. There, they surrounded the premises and began a rampage armed with weapons.<ref name=ie04282019/><ref name=ti04192019>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/despite-1995-guest-house-episode-this-alliance-for-sake-of-country-says-mayawati/cid/1689047 Despite 1995 guest house episode, this alliance for sake of country, says Mayawati], The Telegraph (19 April 2019)</ref> According to the ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'', the Samajwadi workers "hurled casteist slurs at her and threatened her."<ref name=et05122019/> The SP group is alleged to have beaten up the BSP representatives and workers with ''lathis'' (wooden rods), held them against their will, and had sought to beat up Mayawati. A Bharatiya Janata Party leader named [[Brahm Dutt Dwivedi]], states ''The Indian Express'', present at the site, protected Mayawati from a physical assault from the rampaging Samajwadi Party team.<ref name=ie04282019/> This event, called the "Guest House Episode" in regional political history, led to a nearly two-decade split and bitter confrontation between the Samajwadi Party and the Bahujan Samaj Party.<ref name=ie04282019/> After the fall of the government, BJP offered support to BSP to form the government. The journalist Subhash Mishra alleges that the BJP extended its support to the BSP in 1995 to divide the Dalit, Other Backward Castes and Muslim vote banks of SP and BSP.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/will-sp-bsp-join-hands-against-bjp-which-split-them-in-1995/articleshow/58213487.cms|title=Mayawati: Will SP, BSP join hands against BJP which split them in 1995?|website=The Times of India|date=17 April 2017 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref>

Both SP and BSP have alternatively held power and accused the other of corruption since 1995. In 2003, for example, Mayawati alleged corruption by Samajwadi Party leadership. Her government filed 136 charges against Mulayam Singh Yadav for misusing the state's discretionary fund.<ref name=toi04192019a/> In 2007, Mulayam Singh Yadav slapped corruption charges on Mayawati in the Taj corridor scam, according to ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref name=toi04192019a/> In 2009, while Mayawati was in power, her BSP party workers were accused by the opposition for framing them, burning their house, and of physical assault.<ref name=toi07162009>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Barbaric-way-of-taming-opposition/articleshow/4787230.cms Barbaric way of taming the opposition], The Times of India (16 July 2009)</ref> In 2012, the Samajwadi Party won the state assembly elections, and after the election results were announced, its workers physically assaulted the Bahujan Samaj Party leaders.<ref name=toi04192019a>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/guest-house-episode-of-1995-that-soured-sp-bsp-relations/articleshow/68961777.cms Guest house episode of 1995 that soured SP-BSP relations], TNN, The Times of India (19 April 2019)</ref> In 2013, Mayawati termed the Samajwadi-led government as "mafias, goondas and criminals" running the show, demanding the central Congress-led government to intervene in the law and order situation in the state.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mafias-criminals-ruling-up-mayawati-25393.html Mafias, criminals ruling UP: Mayawati], Press Trust of India, India TV (22 July 2013)</ref>

During a series of by-elections in March 2018, Mayawati ordered BSP voters to transfer their votes to Samajwadi Party candidates. The journalist Piyush Srivastava states that this defeated the BJP candidates in the [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gorakhpur]] and [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] constituencies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/votes-transferred-maya-stands-tall/cid/1338665|title=Votes transferred, Maya stands tall|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref>

==Mahagathbandhan members==
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
! colspan="3" |Party
!Symbol
!Leader(s)
!Seats contested<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sp-bsp-announce-tie-up-for-lok-sabha-polls-to-contest-38-seats-each-in-up/articleshow/67499467.cms|title=SP, BSP announce tie-up for Lok Sabha polls, to contest 38 seats each in UP – Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2019 |access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|style="text-align:center"|BSP
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Mayawati]]
|style="text-align:center"|16
|-
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|style="text-align:center"|SP
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px|center]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|style="text-align:center"|59
|-
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|style="text-align:center"|RLD
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Hand Pump.png|50px|centre]]
|[[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Chaudhary Ajit Singh]]
|style="text-align:center"| 3
|-
|}

==Mahagathbandhan campaign==
[[File:Akhilesh img 24.png|thumb|Mahagathbandhan leaders before a crucial meeting]]
Mahagathbandhan held many election rallies in different Lok Sabha constituencies.<ref>{{cite web | last=Chowdhury | first=Neerja | author-link=Neerja Chowdhury | title=A changed Uttar Pradesh | website=The Tribune | date=12 April 2019 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/a-changed-uttar-pradesh/756993.html | access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-mahagathbandhan-pilibhit-alliance-mahamilavat-modi-lok-sabha-elections-5673392/|title=Mahagathbandhan of poor, deprived will bring acche din: Akhilesh Yadav|date=13 April 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/my-vote-daily-dispatch-akhilesh-yadav-mayawati-meerut-namami-gange-congress-song-bjp-tv-show|title=Daily Dispatch: Will SP-BSP-RLD Mahagathbandhan Defeat the BJP?|date=7 April 2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akhilesh: Mahagathbandhan giving sleepless nights to BJP |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/akhilesh--mahagathbandhan--giving-sleepless-nights-to-bjp.html |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=The Pioneer |date=11 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=At first UP mahagathbandhan rally, Muslims, Jats, Dalits share seats, set allies on their way | website=ThePrint | date=7 April 2019 | url=https://theprint.in/politics/at-first-up-mahagathbandhan-rally-muslims-jats-dalits-share-seats-set-allies-on-their-way/218211/ | access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> BSP's unit [[Bahujan Volunteer Force]] and SP's unit Lohia Vahini worked with cooperation during campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/more-about-optics-at-mainpuri-rally-as-cadres-of-bsp-sp-mirror-bonhomie-of-leaders-119041900805_1.html|title=More about optics at Mainpuri rally as cadres of BSP, SP mirror bonhomie of leaders|agency=Press Trust of India|date=19 April 2019|work=Business Standard India|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> BSP pledged to offer new farming model in Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web | title=BSP candidate from Kangra seat won't take it lying down | website=Tribuneindia News Service | date=8 May 2019 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bsp-candidate-from-kangra-seat-won-t-take-it-lying-down/769587.html | access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> In Punjab, resurgent BSP drew huge crowds in comparison to Congress.<ref>{{cite web | title=Resurgent BSP could spell trouble for Cong | website=The Tribune | date=8 May 2019 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/resurgent-bsp-could-spell-trouble-for-cong/769709.html | access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> Mayawati herself campaigned for [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Akhilesh Yadav]] and [[Dimple Yadav]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/after-24-years-mayawati-shares-stage-with-mulayam-singh-yadav/article26889701.ece|title=Mayawati campaigns for Mulayam, preaches unity to cadre|last=Jigeesh|first=A. M.|website=The Hindu Business Line|date=19 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/modi-not-obc-by-birth-says-mayawati/cid/1690332|title=Modi not OBC by birth, says Mayawati|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/kannauj-dimple-yadav-touches-mayawati-211615611.html|title=Kannauj: Dimple Yadav touches Mayawati's feet, she seeks votes for 'bahu'|website=in.news.yahoo.com|language=en-IN|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> and herself voted for SP's cycle symbol first time in her political history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/mayawatis-lucknow-conundrum-will-bsp-chief-finally-break-tradition-she-held-on-to-for-over-two-decades/1569255/|title=Mayawati's Lucknow conundrum: Will BSP chief finally break tradition she held on to for over two decades?|date=6 May 2019|website=The Financial Express|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> BSP-LSP Alliance in Haryana created Dalit-OBC social coalition.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Haryana leader who's uniting anti-Jat forces and could hurt BJP & Congress | website=ThePrint | date=29 April 2019 | url=https://theprint.in/politics/the-haryana-leader-whos-uniting-anti-jat-forces-and-could-hurt-bjp-congress/227850/ | access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> Slogans of Mahagathbandhan include ''Jai Bhim, Jai Bharat, Jai Lohia'' and ''Mahagathbandhan Se Mahaparivartan''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/mayawati-adds-jai-lohia-bsp-slogan-kannauj-rally-1510323-2019-04-26|title=Mayawati adds Jai Lohia to BSP slogan at Kannauj rally|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-yadav-tweets-alliance-logo-made-by-supporter-5634891/|title=Akhilesh tweets alliance 'logo' made by supporter|date=20 March 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> [[University of Oxford]]'s [[Oxford Internet Institute]] conducted study which stated that Mahagathbandhan shared least junk news while BJP and Congress shared large amount of ''divisive and conspiratorial content'' on social media in 2019 elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-congress-share-more-junk-news-on-whatsapp-than-bsp-sp-says-oxford-study-5726345/|title=BJP, Congress share more 'junk news' on WhatsApp than BSP-SP, says Oxford study|date=14 May 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/may/14/sp-bsp-social-media-content-least-sensational-oxford-study-1976619.html|title=Samajwadi Party, BSP social media content least sensational: Oxford study|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>

==Support to Mahagathbandhan==
Mahagathbandhan has received support from [[Aam Aadmi Party]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-aam-aadmi-party-to-support-sp-bsp-alliance-in-2019-polls/story-xjLXQGDvXFBBQWJF9LpiCM.html|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019: Aam Aadmi Party to support SP-BSP alliance in 2019 polls|date=16 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/india/politics/250419/will-do-everything-to-stop-modi-shah-duo-kejriwal.html|title=Support 'secular mahagathbandhan', stop Modi-Shah duo: Kejriwal|date=25 April 2019|website=The Asian Age|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> Congress,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/rahul-gandhi-mahagathbandhan-sp-bsp-alliance-uttar-pradesh|title='Will Help Mahagathbandhan Where We Can't Win in UP': Rahul Gandhi|date=2 May 2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> Akhil Bhartiya Jat Aarakshan Sangharsh Samiti<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/uttar-pradesh/news/jat-outfit-to-back-sp-bsp-on-23-ls-seats-cong-on-2/articleshow/68769296.cms|title=Jat outfit to back SP-BSP on 23 Lok Sabha seats, Congress on two - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=8 April 2019 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> and [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jamaat-e-Islaami Hind asks Muslims to support 'secular parties' in UP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/uttar-pradesh/news/jamaat-e-islami-hind-asks-muslims-to-support-secular-parties-in-up/articleshow/68819911.cms |access-date=4 September 2019 |work=Times of India |date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

===Opinion polls===
In a survey conducted by the India Today group, the Mahagathbandhan was expected to have considerable success in the 2019 elections, being projected to win 58 seats in total.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/mood-of-the-nation-bjp-down-sp-bsp-up-uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-1437607-2019-01-23|title=Without Congress, SP-BSP will bring BJP+ down to 18 seats in Uttar Pradesh: Mood of the Nation poll|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> According to a News Nation's opinion poll, the SP-BSP alliance was "likely to win 41 to 42 seats" in Uttar Pradesh, the BJP-AD alliance was likely to win 37 seats, and the Congress winning only 1 seat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsnation.in/election/lok-sabha-election-2019/uttar-pradesh-opinion-poll-mahagathbandhan-may-give-tough-fight-to-nda-likely-to-win-41-seats-article-219904.html|title=Uttar Pradesh Opinion Poll: 'Mahagathbandhan' may give tough fight to NDA, likely to win 41 seats- News Nation|date=8 April 2019|website=News Nation|language=en|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsnation.in/photos/lok-sabha-elections/up-opinion-poll-in-a-jolt-to-bjp-sp-bsp-rld-mahagathbandhan-may-sweep-hindi-heartland-state-2-3238/slide1|title=UP: BJP vs Mahagathbandhan - who will win Hindi heartland state?- News Nation|website=News Nation|date=31 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> According to India TV-CNX opinion poll, the BJP-AD alliance was likely to win 41 seats, the BSP-SP-RLD alliance likely to win 35, while 4 seats were likely for the Congress.<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/crossing-272-tough-task-for-bjp-opinion-polls-suggest-722538.html Crossing 272: Tough task for BJP, opinion polls suggest], The Deccan Herald (10 March 2019)</ref> Ambit projected BJP winning just 30 to 35 seats with 34.2 per cent vote share and Mahagathbandhan getting 45 per cent votes in UP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/bjp-seat-share-predictions-for-lok-sabha-elections-2019-by-ambit-report|title=BJP to Get 30-35 Seats in UP, 190-210 Nationally: Brokerage Firm|date=9 May 2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> [[Om Prakash Rajbhar]] claimed BJP would get less seats than BSP-SP-RLD combined.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/om-prakash-rajbhar-resigns-minister-uttar-pradesh-elections-sp-bsp-5713579/|title=Om Prakash Rajbhar resigns as UP minister, says SP-BSP alliance will win more seats than BJP|date=6 May 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref>

However, in the election, the Mahagathbandhan performed much more poorly than those projections securing 15 seats of 80, while the BJP performed much better securing 62 of the 80 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/uttar-pradesh/news/akhilesh-and-maywati-will-the-mahagathbandhan-survive-till-2022/articleshow/69463768.cms|title=Akhilesh and Maywati: Will the Mahagathban survive till 2022?|date=23 May 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en-IN|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

==Views on other parties==
In May 2019, Mayawati of the Mahagathbandhan accused BJP and Congress of being anti-Dalit and anti-OBC.<ref>{{cite web | title=Cong, BJP anti-Dalit, anti-OBC: Mayawati | website=The Tribune | date=2 May 2019 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/cong-bjp-anti-dalit-anti-obc-mayawati/766762.html | access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in India]]
[[Category:2019 Indian general election]]

M. Saroja

2026-03-14T21:59:30Z

MohammadMullen: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian actress and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Saroja
| image = M. Saroja.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1933
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date|df=yes|2012|04|02}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]]
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Comedian]]
| spouse = {{marriage |[[K. A. Thangavelu]]|1959|1994|end=d.}}
| children = Sumathi (b. 1961)
}}

'''M. Saroja''' was an Indian actress and comedian who worked in [[Tamil cinema]]. She was frequently paired alongside [[K. A. Thangavelu]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=2012-04-05 |title=Saroja will stay on |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/saroja-will-stay-on/article3283900.ece |access-date=2022-08-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Career==
Director K. Subramaniam introduced Saroja to the film industry, when she was 14 years old. She played the role of leading Tamil actor [[M. G. Ramachandran]]’s cousin in the film ''[[Sarvadhikari (film)|Sarvadhikari]]'', her debut. Later on, she continued to act in more than 300 films in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]] and [[Kannada]] languages. The most important film in her career was the ''[[Kalyana Parisu]]'' in which she paired with her husband [[K. A. Thangavelu]].<ref name="TAMIL">{{cite web |date=3 April 2012 |title=Actress M Saroja passes away |url=http://tamilomovie.com/tamil-actress-news/6557-actress-m-saroja-passes-away |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405202900/http://tamilomovie.com/tamil-actress-news/6557-actress-m-saroja-passes-away |archivedate=2012-04-05 |accessdate=2012-04-13 |website=Tamilomovie.com}}</ref><ref name="AP">{{cite news |date=2 April 2012 |title=Veteran actress M Saroja passes away |work=Times of AP |publisher= |url=http://timesofap.com/cinema/veteran-actress-m-saroja-passes-away/ |url-status=dead |access-date=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729072027/http://timesofap.com/cinema/veteran-actress-m-saroja-passes-away/ |archive-date=29 July 2012 |accessdate=}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On the 100th day celebrations of ''Kalyana Parisu'', Saroja and Thangavelu got married in Madurai Murugan Temple. They have a daughter Sumathi. Thangavelu died in 1994.<ref name=TAMIL/><ref name=AP/>

==Death==
On 2 April 2012, she died due to [[cardiac arrest]] at her home in [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]]. She was 79 years old.<ref name=TAMIL/><ref name=AP/>

==Awards==
The [[Tamil Nadu]] Government felicitated her with Kalaimamani Award in appreciation.<ref name=TAMIL/> She also won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award]] - Sivaji Ganesan Award in 2002.

==Filmography (partial)==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Film || Role
!Notes
|-
|1951
|[[Sarvadhikari (film)|Sarvadhikari]]
|Karpagam
|Debut movie
|-
| 1953 ||[[Gumastha (1953 film)|Gumastha]]|| Pappi
|
|-
|1953
|[[Marumagal (1953 film)|Marumagal]]
|
|
|-
| 1954 ||[[Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]||
|
|-
| 1955 ||[[Kaveri]]||
|
|-
| 1957 ||[[Pathini Deivam]]||
|
|-
|1957
|[[Aaravalli|Aravalli]]
|
|
|-
|1957
|[[Karpukkarasi]]
|
|
|-
|1958
|[[Mangalya Bhagyam]]
|
|
|-
|1958
|[[Bhoologa Rambai|Boologa Rambai]]
|
|
|-
| 1959 ||[[Kalyana Parisu]]||
|
|-
|1959
|[[Nalla Theerpu]]
|
|
|-
|1959
|[[Vannakili]]
|
|
|-
|1959
|[[Engal Kuladevi]]
|
|
|-
|1959
|[[Manaiviye Manithanin Manickam]]
|
|
|-
|1960
|[[Maa Babu]]
|
|Telugu
|-
|1960
|[[Deivapiravi (1960 film)|Deivapiravi]]
|
|
|-
| 1960 ||[[Adutha Veetu Penn]]||
|
|-
|1960
|[[Pudhiya Pathai (1960 film)|Puthiya Pathai]]
|
|
|-
|1961
|[[Arasilangkumari|Arasilankumari]]
|
|
|-
|1961
|[[Thirudathe]]
|
|
|-
|1961
|[[Marutha Nattu Veeran]]
|
|
|-
|1961
|[[Manapanthal]]
|
|
|-
|1962
|[[Paarthaal Pasi Theerum]]
|
|
|-
|1963
|[[Arivaali]]
|
|
|-
|1968
|[[Thillana Mohanambal]]
|
|
|-
|1976
|[[Idhaya Malar]]
|
|
|-
|1980
|Muyalukku Moonu Kaal
|
|
|-
|1980
|Thunaivi Thozhan
|
|
|-
|1983
|Oppandham
|
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saroja, M.}}
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]

CreditAccess Grameen

2026-03-14T00:51:55Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Short description|Non-Banking Financial Company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CreditAccess Grameen Limited
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| romanized =
| former type =
| type = [[Public Company|Public Ltd. Co.]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|CREDITACC}}, {{BSE|541770}}
| industry = [[Finance|Financial Services]]
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1999
| founder =
| location_city = [[Bengaluru]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| locations = 1,967
| area_served = 16 states & 1 union territory
| key_people = *Udaya Kumar Hebbar (Managing Director)<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Arc Capital facilitates $20 million ECB loan for CreditAccess Grameen |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/northern-arc-capital-facilitates-20-million-ecb-loan-for-creditaccess-grameen/article66732073.ece |website=Thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |date=13 April 2023}}</ref>
*Ganesh Narayanan (Chief Executive Officer)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shayan |title=Microfinance lenders go for secured loans to diversify risk |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/microlenders-step-into-secured-loans-to-bring-down-risk-11669568201811.html |website=mint |language=en |date=27 November 2022}}</ref>
| products =
| production =
| services = [[Financial services]]
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|5173|c}}<ref name='bse'>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen Q2 2023-24 Report |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/81b697e2-e53b-47d9-b94a-309d3b6b9eb5.pdf |website=BSE India}}</ref> (2024)
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|1446|c}}<ref name='bse'/> (2024)
| aum = 
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|28846|c}}<ref name='bse'/> (2024)
| equity = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|6570|c}}<ref name='bse'/> (2024)
| owner =
| num_employees = 19,395<ref>{{cite web |title=BSE India Report Credit Access Grameen |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/f71553af-cf25-44f6-ba16-ad2a2265f154.pdf |website=BSE India}}</ref> (2024)
| parent =
| divisions =
| brands =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.creditaccessgrameen.in}}
| footnotes =
| rating = AA− stable
| intl =
| bodystyle =
}}
'''CreditAccess Grameen Limited''' (CA Grameen) is an Indian [[microfinance]] institution, headquartered in [[Bengaluru]], which serves customers predominantly in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lending To The Bottom Of The Pyramid |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/lending-to-the-bottom-of-the-pyramid/75701/1 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen unveils NCD issue |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/creditaccess-grameen-unveils-ncd-issue/article66116794.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=9 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Improving reach, stable asset quality to drive performance of CreditAccess Grameen |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/improving-reach-stable-asset-quality-to-drive-performance-of-creditaccess-grameen/articleshow/98610257.cms |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The company is engaged in providing microfinance services to women from low-income households who are enrolled as members and organized in Joint Liability Groups.<ref>{{cite web |title=creditaccess grameen hits record high; jumps 12percent in three days |url=https://www.capitalmarket.com/news/hot-pursuit/creditaccess-grameen-hits-record-high;-jumps-12percent-in-three-days/1431631 |website=Capitalmarket.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smallcap stars shine bright! AstraZeneca Pharma, Kirloskar Industries and 4 others surge to new 52-week highs |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/smallcap-stars-shine-bright-astrazeneca-pharma-kirloskar-industries-and-4-others-surge-to-new-52-week-highs/articleshow/101213415.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

CreditAccess Grameen Limited is a listed company in the [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen Ltd Share Price Live on NSE/BSE {{!}} CreditAccess Grameen Ltd Stock Price, Latest News, Analysis & Update - ICICI Direct |url=https://www.icicidirect.com/stocks/creditaccess-grameen-ltd-share-price |website=ICICIdirect}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Gr Share Price, CreditAccess Gr Stock Price, CreditAccess Grameen Ltd. Stock Price, Share Price, Live BSE/NSE, CreditAccess Grameen Ltd. Bids Offers. Buy/Sell CreditAccess Grameen Ltd. news & tips, & F&O Quotes, NSE/BSE Forecast News and Live Quotes |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/finance-nbfc/creditaccessgrameen/CG03 |website=Moneycontrol.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
CreditAccess Grameen (CA Grameen) was established in 1999 by Vinatha M. Reddy, who was inspired by the book “Give Us Credit” by Alex Counts, President & CEO of [[Grameen Foundation]] USA. Reddy, who was then running an NGO — "T Muniswammapa Trust", managed to obtain a US$35,000 grant from the Grameen Foundation to create a replica in India. As a result, Grameen Koota was born, and as the concept grew in popularity, the company was renamed Grameen Financial Services Private Limited in October 2007. Since then, the former owners have made way for new promoters, including CreditAccess India B.V., a Dutch-based Asia-focused microfinance major that has invested INR 968 crore in CA Grameen since 2009. Udaya Kumar Hebbar joined as CEO in 2010, and has acquired a larger role as MD and CEO since 2016.<ref name='FI'>{{cite web |title=CA Grameen: A Resilient Ecosystem |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/ca-grameen-a-resilient-ecosystem/111839 |website=Fortuneindia.com |language=en |date=3 March 2023}}</ref>

In August 2018, the company was listed on [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] with INR 1,131 crore-IPO.<ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen's Rs 1,131-cr IPO to open on August 8, price band at Rs 418-422 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/creditaccess-grameens-rs-1131-cr-ipo-to-open-on-august-8-price-band-at-rs-418-422-2792781.html |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |date=1 August 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, [[Citigroup]] partnered with CA Grameen to finance 75,000 Women Entrepreneurs in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inclusive Finance in India: Citi Partnering with CreditAccess Grameen to Finance 75,000 Women Entrepreneurs |url=https://www.citigroup.com/global/news/perspective/2019/inclusive-finance-in-india-citi-partnering-with-creditaccess-grameen-to-finance-75000-women-entrepreneurs |website=Citigroup.com |language=en}}</ref>

CreditAccess Grameen acquired Madura Micro Finance at the deal of INR 876 crore in November 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen to acquire Madura Micro Finance for ₹876 cr |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/creditaccess-grameen-acquires-madura-micro-finance/article30097269.ece |website=Thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |date=27 November 2019}}</ref>

CA Grameen also invested INR 150 crore through subordinated debt in Madura Micro Finance in December 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ray |first1=Atmadip |title=CreditAccess Grameen to infuse Rs 250 crore in subsidiary Madura Micro Finance |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/creditaccess-grameen-to-infuse-rs-250-crore-in-subsidiary-madura-micro-finance/articleshow/88416403.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

[[U.S. International Development Finance Corporation]], the US Government's development finance institution signed a loan agreement of US$35 million with CA Grameen in November 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen signs loan agreement with US International Development Finance Corporation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/creditaccess-grameen-signs-loan-agreement-with-us-international-development-finance-corporation/articleshow/94969143.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen shares rise after raising $35 million from US International DFC |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/creditaccess-grameen-35-million-dollar-loan-from-us-14982111.htm |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en |date=19 October 2022}}</ref>

In June 2023, CA Grameen signed a syndicated social loan facility of up to US$200 million, the first in the microfinance industry and the fourth in the country.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ray |first1=Atmadip |title=CreditAccess Grameen signs a $200 million external commercial borrowing deal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/creditaccess-grameen-signs-a-200-million-external-commercial-borrowing-deal/articleshow/101298038.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=27 June 2023}}</ref>

Ganesh Narayanan was appointed as the CEO with effect from August 1, 2023, while Udaya Kumar Hebbar continues to oversee the firm as MD.<ref>{{cite web |title=CreditAccess Grameen appoints Ganesh Narayanan as CEO |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/creditaccess-grameen-appoints-ganesh-narayanan-as-ceo/article67118707.ece |website=Thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |date=25 July 2023}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Private sector banks in India]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1999]]
[[Category:Microfinance companies of India]]
[[Category:Microfinance banks]]
[[Category:Community development organizations]]
[[Category:Companies based in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Banks based in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Lakhpur

2026-03-12T12:43:59Z

MohammadMullen: new new data w/ sources!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhpur
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Lakhpur Gate.jpg
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31|16|44.46|N|75|48|58.87|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Punjab, India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="maavooru.net"/>
| population_total = 1892
| population_as_of = 2001
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB—Punjab|PB]]-
}}

'''Lakhpur''' is a village near [[Sahni (Lakhpur-Sahni)]], Tehsil [[Phagwara]], [[Kapurthala district]], in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikimapia.org/#lat=31.2786698&lon=75.8163286&z=14&l=0&m=b&search=lakhpur|title=Lakhpur|work=wikimapia.org}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001|alt=According to the 2001 Census}},<ref name="maavooru.net">{{cite web|url=https://www.maavooru.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124075201/https://www.maavooru.net/|archivedate=24 November 2009|title=Maavooru.net|work=OurVillageIndia}}</ref> Lakhpur had a population of 1,892 people. As per the 2011 Census, the population is 1,895 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/final_pca.aspx |title=Census of India: Search Details |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316091754/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/final_pca.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village has {{convert|401|acre|km2}}, of which {{convert|5|acre|m2}} is woodland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.punjab.gov.in|title=Punjab|work=punjab.gov.in}}</ref> Lakhpur hosts the annual Dussehra Mela which can attract up to 4,000 people.
Neighbouring villages include [[Sahni (Lakhpur-Sahni)]], [[Malikhpur]], Begampur, [[Sangatpur]], [[Chak Prema]], [[Dhadday]], [[Dhadoli]] and [[Bir Dhadoli]].

==History==
It is said that the village is named after Maa Lakhi who had two sons and one daughter. The sons' descendants are divided into two pattis (groups of families descending from one common ancestor). The pattis are the "Surjan" patti and the "Moru" patti with the surname Dhadwal or Thadwal. It is believed that Maa Lakhi's descendants have been living in Lakhpur for the past 25 generations.

Some Dhadwal families have also settled in the village of Jagatpur near [[Mukandpur]] in the district of [[Nawanshahr]] (also known as [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]]); in Apra, near [[Phillaur]]; and Mothada Kalan, also near [[Phillaur]].

The descendants of Maa Lakhi's daughter settled the neighbouring village of [[Bir Dhadoli]] and continue to reside in the village.

Maa Lakhi belonged to Ajnoha village near Nadalon in [[Hoshiarpur]]. Her husband's family also lived in Hoshiarpur near the present day [[Himachal Pradesh]] border. Maa Lakhi's father gave the couple land to settle on which became known as Lakhpur.

Villagers confirm that Maa Lakhi was a devotee of [[Bhagat Baba Kalu]] who lived during the 16th century and built a shrine in Panshta also known as [[Panchhat]]. Maa Lakhi took her children to the shrine, especially on the occurrence of [[Baisakhi]]. Therefore, the period when the village was settled could be at any time during the 16th century, making the village at least 400 years old.

According to local tradition, Lakhpur was already an established village at the time when Sri [[Guru Har Gobind|Guru Hargobind]] Sahib Ji visited Lakhpur whilst he was travelling from [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]] to [[Kiratpu]]r Sahib. He then went to [[Palahi]] (near Phagwara) in 1635, where he was involved in a battle against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s led by Ahmad Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sgpc.net/gurus/guruhargobind.asp|title=Guru Hargobind|work=sgpc.net}}</ref> It is said that Guru Ji visited Lakhpur before visiting [[Chak Prema]] and stopping at [[Palahi]]. Guru Ji also visited [[Domeli]], [[Hadiabad (Phagwara)|Hadiabad]] and [[Phagwara]] where Gurdwaras have been built in memory of the visit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt1.htm#cont|title=Punjab District Gazetteers Kapurthala|work=punjabrevenue.nic.in|edition=First|date=1984|access-date=1 July 2018|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913200735/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt1.htm#cont|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Around Lakhpur==
The village has four Gurdwaras. The oldest, Gurdwara Sahib [[Guru Granth Sahib]], is managed by the Shromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/Sikh_Gurrdwara_Act1925.pdf|title=Sikh Gurrdwara Act 1925|work=mha.nic.in}}</ref> The dharamsal of [[Bhagat Jawala Dass Ji]] is currently being reconstructed and will be the fifth Gurdwara.

The village also has a [[pharmacy]], a [[Mandir]], the [[shrine]] of Lakha Datta Pir ([[Sakhi Sarwar]]), the dharamsals of Baba Ram Dass Ji, Baba Amar Dass Ji and Guru [[Ravidas]] Ji, the [[Baba Balak Nath]] [[Mandir]] and shrine of [[Bhagat Baba Kalu]], a [[Primary education|primary school]], Government [[High school|Secondary School]] (which runs the Galaxy Science Club),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/vipnet/vipnetnew/State.aspx?st=Punjab|title=Punjab|work=vigyanprasar.gov.in|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929102316/https://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/vipnet/vipnetnew/State.aspx?st=Punjab|archivedate=29 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> a [[Post Office]], [[Shaheed Shrine]]s, a [[bank]], a [[Mosque]], [[Jathera]] and some [[retailing|shop]]s. The nearest railway station is in [[Phagwara]]. The nearest [[police station]] is the [[Rawal Pindi.]] police station.

<gallery mode=packed heights=165>
File:Lakhpur Mosque.jpg|Lakhpur Mosque
File:Lakhpur Serai.JPG|Lakhpur Serai
File:Lakhpur Dussehra Ground.jpg|Lakhpur Dussehra Ground
File:Lakhpur Baba Amar Das Ji.jpg|Lakhpur Baba Amar Das Ji
File:Lakhpur Medical Centre.jpg|Lakhpur Medical Centre
File:Lakhpur Guru Ravi Das Ji.jpg|Lakhpur Guru Ravi Das Ji
File:Lakha Data.jpg|Lakha Data
File:Lakhpur Gurdwara Beri Sahib Ji.jpg|Lakhpur Gurdwara Beri Sahib Ji
File:Lakhpur Shiv Duala (Mandir).jpg|Lakhpur Shiv Duala (Mandir)
File:Lakhpur Gurdwara.jpg|Lakhpur Gurdwara
File:Lakhpur Senior School.jpg|Lakhpur Senior School
</gallery>

==Sports tournament==
A [[Kabaddi]] and sports tournament was hosted at the Lakhpur Government Senior Secondary School between 4 and 6 March 2011. Various villages entered the tournament which included [[Sangatpur]], [[Jagpalpur]], [[Ghumana]], Manaka, Harkowal and Akalgarh.

==Religion==
Lakhpur is a mix of [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]]. It also has a [[Muslim]] [[Gujjar]] and [[Bazigar]] settlement.

==Location of Lakhpur==
Lakhpur is located east of the Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road. Heading north from [[Phagwara]] for 5 km, one must turn right opposite [[Khatti]] and travel for 2.2 km on the Chak Prema-Lakhpur Road.
[[File:Lakhpur New Map.png]]

==Gurdwara Sahib Guru Granth Sahib==
During the times of Guru [[Arjan Dev]] Ji, the village was known as Lakhu Pur. People of the village used to go to [[Amritsar]] to pay homage to Guru [[Arjan Dev]] Ji. Remembering this, [[Guru Har Gobind|Guru Hargobind]] Sahib Ji and Sri Guru [[Har Rai]] Sahib Ji visited Lakhpur where they held congregations to preach about Sikhism.<ref>Sadhe Itihasak Gurdham - Majha, Malwa, Doaba, Himachal Pradesh De Gurdware. Giani Bhajan Singh - Star Books 2003</ref>

The people of Lakhpur built a dharamshala on the spot where the congregations were held. Later, Gurdwara Sahib [[Guru Granth Sahib]] was built on the same exact spot.

==Chitti Bein and the Great Flood==
[[File:Chitti Bein by Lakhpur.jpg|thumb|left|Chitti Bein by Lakhpur]]
The Chitti (White)Bein passes through all districts of doaba and drains into the [[Sutlej]], near Harike in [[Amritsar]] District. It also flows near Lakhpur.

Locals recall the flood of the mid 1940s, known as the Great Flood. It is said that the Chitti Bein breached its banks at a number of places, causing severe devastation. The water reached as far as the gate of the middle part of Lakhpur.

So much damage was caused to the G.T Road near Chiheru that a new section of the Road had to be constructed.

The Chitti Bein is prone to seasonal flooding because seasonal [[torrent (stream)]]/torrents, known in Punjabi as choes, drain into it. The most famous are the Maili Choe; the Jammanwala Choe and the Nasrala Choe.

The Maili Choe takes its name from the Maili Dam near the village of Maili in [[Hoshiarpur]] District. It merges with the Chitti Bein near the village of Cheta ([[Nawanshahr]] District).

The Jamanwala Choe winds it way through [[Hoshiarpur]] district flowing near the villages of [[Panchhat]], [[Narur]], Nasirabad and drains into the Chitti Bein near [[Malikhpur]]. Both these choes drain into the Chitti Bein prior to flowing near Lakhpur. It is for this reason that there is wetland, near the Lakhpur woodland, which is caused when the Chitti Bein breaches its bank.

After flowing near Lakhpur, the Chitti Bein flows for some kilometres, and is joined by the Nasrala Choe which takes its name from the Nasrala bridge near the village of Nasrala on the Hoshiarpur-Jalandhar Road. It merges with the Chitti Bein near the village of Ucha. The [[Narur]] choe joins the Nasrala Choe near the village of [[Babeli]].

==See also==
* [[Sakhi Sarwar Saint]]
* [[Sakhi Sarwar]]
* [[Gugga]] Ji
* [[Bhagat Baba Kalu]] Ji
* [[Shaheed Shrine]]
* [[Phagwara]]
* [[Kapurthala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Lakhpur-Phagwara/111434462282181#!/pages/Lakhpur-Phagwara/111434462282181?sk=wall Lakhpur facebook]

{{Kapurthala district}}
[[Category:Villages in Kapurthala district]]

Seydi Ali Reis

2026-03-08T06:11:02Z

MohammadMullen: adjust section additionally and updated info based on references

{{Short description|Turkish admiral and navigator}}
{{Other people|Seydi Ali (disambiguation)|Seydi Ali (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2010}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Seydi Ali Reis
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1498
| birth_place = [[Galata]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date = 1563
| death_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| relatives =
| known_for = Writing several books of travel, navigation and astronomy
| signature =
}}

'''Seydi Ali Reis''' (1498–1563), formerly also written '''Sidi Ali Reis''' and '''Sidi Ali Ben Hossein''', was an [[List of admirals in the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman admiral]] and [[Navigation|navigator]]. Known also as Katib-i Rumi, Galatalı or Sidi Ali Çelebi,<ref>Danışan, Gaye. 2019. “A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Compendium of Astronomical Instruments: Seydi Ali’s Mirʾat-ı Kâinat.” In ''Scientific Instruments between East and West'', edited by Neil Brown ''et al.'', 1–15. Leiden: Brill.</ref> he commanded the left wing of the Ottoman fleet at the naval [[Battle of Preveza]] in 1538. He was later promoted to the rank of fleet admiral of the [[Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean|Ottoman fleet in the Indian Ocean]], and as such, encountered the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] forces based in the Indian city of [[Goa]] on several occasions in 1554. Seydi was able to unite several Muslim countries on the coast of the Arabian Sea (such as the [[Ma'danid dynasty|Makran Sultanate]], [[Gujarat Sultanate]], and [[Adal Sultanate]]) against the Portuguese.

He is famous today for his books of travel such as the ''[[Mirat ul Memalik|Mir'ât ül Memâlik]]'' (The Mirror of Countries, 1557) which describes the lands he has seen on his way back from India to [[Constantinople]], and his books of navigation and astronomy, such as the ''Mir’ât-ı Kâinât'' (Mirror of the Universe) and the ''Kitâb ül Muhit: El Muhit fî İlmi'l Eflâk ve'l Buhûr'' (Book of the Regional Seas and the Science of Astronomy and Navigation) which contain information on navigation techniques, methods of determining direction, calculating time, using the compass, information on stars, sun and moon calendars, wind and sea currents, as well as [[Portolan chart|portolan]] information regarding the ports, harbours, coastal settlements and islands in the various regions of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. His books are translated into numerous languages including [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and are considered among the finest literary works dating from the Ottoman period.

== Background ==
Seydi Ali Reis was born in the [[Galata]]<ref name=Seydi>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=645 |title=Kim Kimdir: Seydi Ali Reis (Turkish) |access-date=2011-02-26 |archive-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023730/http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=645 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Korsanlar>{{Cite web |url=http://korsan.uskudar.biz/seydialireis.htm |title=Türk Korsanları: Seydi Ali Reis (Turkish) |access-date=2011-02-26 |archive-date=2012-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928094640/http://korsan.uskudar.biz/seydialireis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> across the Golden Horn from [[Constantinople]] as the son of a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] family which had its origins in [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]]<ref name=Seydi/><ref name=Korsanlar/> on the [[Black Sea]] coast of [[Turkey]].<ref name=Seydi/><ref name=Korsanlar/> His grandfather was the ''Tersâne Kethüdâsı''<ref name=Korsanlar/> (Commander of the Ottoman [[Imperial Arsenal (Ottoman Empire)|Imperial Naval Arsenal]]) during the reign of Sultan [[Mehmed II]], while his father, Hüseyin Reis, was the ''Kethüdâ''<ref name=Korsanlar/> (Commander) of the ''Bahriye Dârü's-Sınaası'' (Naval Industries Center) in [[Galata]], at the northern shore of the [[Golden Horn]].<ref name=Korsanlar/> His father's career as a high-ranking seaman and naval engineer had an important influence on the future of Seydi Ali, who, at a young age, started working at the naval arsenal. Apart from his interest in seamanship, Seydi Ali also received a decent education on positive sciences such as mathematics, astronomy and geography. He also excelled in literature and theology, and was an accomplished poet. Within time he became a high-ranking officer at the naval arsenal and was promoted to the rank of ''Reis'' (used both for ''Captain'' and ''Admiral'' during the Ottoman period).

== Early career in the Ottoman Navy ==
[[Image:Fleet Configurations at the Battle of Preveza in 1538.jpg|thumb|300px|Seydi Ali Reis commanded the left wing of the Ottoman fleet at the naval [[Battle of Preveza]] in 1538]]

Starting from the [[Siege of Rhodes (1522)]], Seydi Ali Reis participated in every major naval campaign of the Ottoman Navy in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. He commanded the left wing of the Ottoman fleet of [[Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)|Hayreddin Barbarossa Pasha]] which defeated the Holy League of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] under the command of [[Andrea Doria]] at the [[Battle of Preveza]] (1538). He also commanded several ships of the fleet of [[Sinan Pasha (Ottoman admiral)|Sinan Pasha]] and [[Turgut Reis]] which conquered [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] in [[Libya]] from [[Spain]] and the [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]] in 1551. He later took part in the Ottoman naval campaigns on the western coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.

Seydi Ali Reis was subsequently promoted to the ranks of ''Azepler Kâtibi'', ''Tersâne Kethüdâsı'' (Commander of the Ottoman Imperial Naval Arsenal) and ''Hassa Donanma Reisi'' (Commander of the Ottoman Central Fleet).

== Commander of the Ottoman Indian Ocean Fleet ==
[[File:Seydi Ali-Ambush.png|thumb|[[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] ambush against the galleys of Seydi Ali Reis as depicted in the book ''Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu'']]
While Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] was at his winter residence in [[Aleppo]] towards the end of 1552, he appointed Seydi Ali Reis as the new Commander of the Ottoman Indian Ocean Fleet, based in [[Suez]] ([[Egypt]]), with other homeports in [[Aden]] ([[Yemen]]) and [[Basra]] ([[Iraq]]). His predecessors in this rank included the famous Ottoman admiral and cartographer [[Piri Reis]] and admiral [[Murat Reis the Older|Koca Murat Reis]], who had also participated in the [[Battle of Preveza]] in 1538.

Seydi Ali Reis departed from [[Aleppo]] on 7 December 1553 and, after visiting numerous religious sites and important cities in the region, finally arrived at [[Basra]] on the [[Persian Gulf]] towards the beginning of February 1554. His mission was to take the 15 Ottoman galleys anchored there, which were previously under the command of [[Piri Reis]], to the chief homeport of the Ottoman Indian Ocean Fleet at [[Suez]], on the [[Red Sea]]. Most of the 15 galleys were damaged in the previous encounters with the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean. Seydi Ali Reis had the ships repaired and fitted them with new cannons, using the limited amount of resources and supplies which were available in Basra at that time.

About a month after the time of the [[monsoon]] came, Seydi Ali Reis had the troops embarked and the 15 galleys set sail towards Egypt. They were accompanied by the frigate of Sherifi Pasha until reaching the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. On the way to [[Ormus|Hormuz]], Seydi Ali Reis stopped at the ports of [[Arabia]] and [[Persia]] such as [[Bahrain]], [[Dizful]], [[Shushter]], [[Bushehr]], [[Qatif]], [[Kish Island|Kish]] and [[Barhata]]. There was no sign of any Portuguese presence in the area, and the escort ship of Sherifi Pasha was sent back to Basra with the news that the Strait of Hormuz was safely passed. The 15 galleys of Seydi Ali Reis then proceeded by the coasts of Djilgar and Djadi on the [[Arabian Sea]], past the towns of Keizzar/Leime, and 40 days after his departure from Basra, i.e., on the 10th day of the month of [[Ramadan]], in the forenoon, suddenly encountered the Portuguese fleet (dispatched from its homeport in [[Goa]]) which consisted of 4 large ships, 3 galleons, 6 guard ships and 12 galleys - a total of 25 vessels. The two fleets almost immediately engaged each other, and one of the Portuguese galleons was sunk during the initial exchange of cannon fire. The bitter fighting, which caused serious damage on both sides, continued until sunset, when the Portuguese commander ordered retreat with the signal-gun and withdrew his forces towards the Strait of Hormuz. The night was calm and the wind was favourable as the Ottoman fleet sailed towards [[Khorfakkan]], where Seydi Ali Reis replenished his ships with water, before reaching [[Oman]] ([[Sohar]]). Seventeen days after the encounter with the Portuguese fleet, Seydi Ali Reis reached [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] and [[Qalhat]] on the [[Laylat al-Qadr|night of ''Kadir Gecesi'']], an important night in the holy month of [[Ramadan]]. In the morning that followed, Captain Kuya, the son of the Portuguese governor of Muscat, came out of the harbour with a fleet of 12 large ships and 22 galleons - 34 vessels in all. They carried a large number of troops. Soon the Portuguese and Ottoman forces confronted each other and both sides lost 5 vessels during the battle, the surviving crews of which were taken by the intact ships of the respective fleets, while some of them managed to land on the Arabian shore. Due to the strong currents and winds, both fleets were dragged eastwards during the encounter. Towards the night, the fleet of Seydi Ali Reis, including the Portuguese ships which were captured and towed behind the remaining Ottoman galleys, reached the Bay of Oman, but was not allowed to land by the locals. Seydi Ali Reis thus set sail eastwards, towards the open seas, and finally reached the coasts of [[Djash]], in the province of [[Kerman]], [[Iran]]. Despite the length of the coast, Seydi Ali Reis could find no harbour, and the Ottoman galleys roamed about for two days before they reached Kish-i [[Indus Valley|Mehran]]. As the evening was far advanced the Ottomans could not land immediately, but had to spend another night at sea. In the morning, a dry wind carried off many of the crew, and at last, the forces of Seydi Ali Reis approached the harbor of [[Sheba]].

[[File:EB 1911 Map Fig 18.png|thumb|right|300px|A 1911 map reconstructed from the data in Seydi Ali Reis's 1554 ''Mohit'']]
There the Ottomans came across a brigantine, laden with spoils, whose watchman sighted and hailed the Ottoman galleys. The captain of the brigantine supplied the ships of Seydi Ali Reis with water, invigorating the Ottoman soldiers who had completely run out of supplies. Escorted by the brigantine's captain, the galleys of Seydi Ali Reis entered the harbour of [[Gwadar]]. The people there were [[Baloch people|Baluch]] and their chief was Malik Jelaleddin, the son of Malik Dinar. The Governor of Gwadar came on board Seydi Ali's ship and assured him of his unalterable devotion to [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. He promised that henceforth, if at any time the Ottoman fleet should come to Hormuz, he would undertake to send 50 or 60 boats to supply them with provisions, and in every possible way to be of service to the Ottomans. Seydi Ali Reis wrote a letter to the native Prince Jelaleddin to ask for a pilot, upon which a first-class pilot was sent to him, with the assurance that he was thoroughly trustworthy and entirely devoted to the interests of the Ottomans.

== Dragged to Gujarat: Elephant Typhoon in the Indian Ocean ==
With a favorable wind Seydi Ali Reis left the port of [[Gwadar]] and again steered for [[Yemen]]. They had been at sea for several days, and had arrived nearly opposite to Zofar and Shar, when suddenly from the west arose a great storm known as the ''Fil Tufanı'' (Elephant Typhoon). The Ottoman fleet were driven back and were unable to set the sails, not even the ''trinquetla'' (stormsail). Night and day were both alike, and because of the frailty of the ships all ballast had to be thrown overboard. For ten days the storm raged continuously and the rain came down in torrents.

Seydi Ali Reis did all he could to encourage and cheer his companions, and advised them above all things to be brave, and never to doubt that all would end well. A welcome diversion occurred in the appearance of an "enormously large fish (probably a [[whale]]) about the size of two galley lengths, or more perhaps", which the pilot declared to be a good omen.

The color of the water suddenly changed to pure white, and at the sight of it the pilot broke forth into loud lamentations: he declared they were approaching whirlpools and eddies. Seydi Ali Reis mentions in the ''[[Mirat ul Memalik|Mir'ât ül Memâlik]]'' ("The Mirror of Countries") that such whirlpools were found only on the coasts of [[Ethiopia|Abyssinia]] and in the neighborhood of [[Sindh]] in the Bay of [[Debal]] (modern [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]), and hardly ever a ship was known to escape their fury. After drifting for the entire night and day that followed, the water finally rose, the storm somewhat abated, and the ship veered right round.

The next morning the fleet of Seydi Ali Reis slackened speed and drew in the sails. A stalwart sailor was tied to the mast, whereby the post at the foot of the mizzenmast was weighted down, and the sailrope slightly raised. Taking a survey of their surroundings, the sailor caught sight of an idol-temple on the coast of [[Djamher]]. The sails were drawn in a little more; the ships passed [[Formyan]] and [[Menglir]], and directing their course toward [[Somnath]], they passed by that place also. Finally Seydi Ali Reis came to [[Diu, India|Diu]], but for fear of being attacked by the idol-worshippers who dwelt there, the Ottomans drew in their sails and continued on their course. Meanwhile, the wind had risen again, and as the men had no control over the rudder, large handles had to be affixed with long double ropes fastened to them. Each rope was taken hold of by four men, and so with great exertion they managed to control the rudder. No one could keep on his feet on deck, so of course it was impossible to walk across. The noise was deafening; and the crewmen could not hear their own voices. The only means of communication with the sailors was by inarticulate words, and neither the captain nor boatswain could for a single instant leave his post.

After an exhausting voyage, Seydi Ali Reis and his men reached [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] - which part of it, however, they did not know. When the pilot suddenly exclaimed: "On your guard! a whirlpool in front!" the anchors were quickly lowered, but the ship was dragged down with great force and nearly submerged. The rowers had left their seats, the panic-stricken crew threw off their clothes, and, clinging some to casks and some to jacks, had taken leave of one another. Seydi Ali Reis also stripped entirely, gave his slaves their liberty, and vowed to give 100 florins to the poor of Mecca in case of survival. By that time two more anchors broke off and were lost, the ship gave a terrible jerk, and in another instant they were clear of the breakers. The pilot declared that, had they been wrecked off Fisht-Kidsur, a place between [[Diu, India|Diu]] and [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], nothing could have saved them. Once more the sails were set, and Seydi Ali Reis decided to head towards India - duly taking note of the tides and currents, and having made a careful study of the charts, he had come to the conclusion that they could not be very far off from the Indian mainland. He examined the hold of the ship and found that the storeroom was submerged, in some places up to the walls, in some places higher still. They had shipped much water, and all hands set to work at once to bale it out. In one or two places the bottom had to be ripped up to find the outlet so as to reduce the water.

Towards the afternoon the weather had cleared a little, and they found themselves about 2 miles off the port of [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], in [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The other ships had already arrived, but some of the galleys were waterlogged not far from the shore, and they had thrown overboard oars, boats, and casks, the wreckage of which eventually was borne ashore by the rapidly rising tide. Seydi Ali Reis and his men were obliged to lie for another five days and five nights, exposed to a strong spring-tide, accompanied by floods of rain; for they were now in the [[monsoon]], or "rainy season" of India, and there was nothing for it but to submit to their fate. During all this time they never once saw the sun by day, nor the stars by night; they could neither use their clocks nor their compasses, and all on board anticipated the worst. It seemed a miracle that of the 3 ships lying there, thrown on their sides, the whole crew eventually got safely to land.

== Days in Gujarat ==
After landing at Gujarat, Seydi Ali Reis proceeded to the Fortress of [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] and received permission from Malik Esed, the Governor of Daman to whom he accepted to leave the armament of his ships, the permission for himself and his men to freely roam the coastline and the mainland. Many of his crewmen decided to stay there and enter the service of Malik Esed, and Seydi Ali Reis sailed to [[Surat]] with the few loyal crewmen who remained on board of his ship. They reached Surat 3 full months after departing from [[Basra]].<ref name="Commissariat1980">{{cite book|first=M. S. |last=Commissariat|title=History of Gujarat|url=https://archive.org/details/bk585|volume=I|year=1938|publisher=Longman, Greens & Co.|pages=477–488}}</ref>

Seydi Ali Reis established good relations with Sultan [[Ahmad Shah III]], the 12-year-old new ruler of Gujarat whose ascension to the throne was challenged by a nobleman named Nasir-ul-Mulk who simultaneously declared himself as the new sultan and captured the stronghold of [[Ratnagiri district|Burudj]]. In the meantime, Nasir-ul-Mulk had offered the coastal ports of Gujarat to the Portuguese in exchange for their support against the young Sultan Ahmed who immediately collected an army to march on Burudj. When the sultan was informed of the arrival of the Ottomans, he took 200 gunners and other men from their troops and advanced towards Burudj. On the third day of the fighting, Seydi Ali Reis and his men -who were left behind- were attacked by the Portuguese captains of Goa, Diu, Shiyul, Besai, and the Provador; five in all, commanding 7 large galleons and 80 other ships. The Ottoman fleet went ashore, pitched their tents, and threw up entrenchments; for two whole months Seydi Ali Reis and his men were busy preparing for battle. The tyrant Nasir-ul-Mulk, who had joined with the Portuguese, had hired assassins to kill Seydi Ali Reis; who were, however, discovered by the guard and fled. Meanwhile, Sultan Ahmed had taken the stronghold of Burudj and sent two of his officers, Khudavend and Djihanghir, with elephants and troops to [[Surat]], while he proceeded to [[Ahmedabad]], where a youth, called Ahmed, a relative of Sultan Ahmed, had in the meantime raised a revolt. A battle followed, in which the usurper was wounded, Hasan Ehan, one of his adherents, killed, and his army put to fight. As Sultan Ahmed reascended his throne, and, as Nasir-ul-Mulk died of vexation over his misfortunes, peace was once more restored in Gujarat.<ref name="Commissariat1980"/>

When the Portuguese heard of this, they sent an envoy to Khudavand Khan to say that they did not mind so much about Surat, but that their hostility was chiefly directed towards the Ottoman admiral. The Portuguese demanded that Seydi Ali Reis should be given up to them, but their request was refused. It turned out that a runaway Christian gunner from one of the ships of Seydi Ali Reis had enlisted on the ship of the Portuguese envoy, and, knowing a good deal about the affairs of the Ottomans, he had undertaken to prevent their departure from India after the holiday of Kurban (Eid).<ref name="Commissariat1980"/>

The troops of Seydi Ali Reis began to lose hope for return and became more and more dissatisfied. In Surat, Khudavend Khan had been paying them from 50 to 60 paras per day, and in Burudj, Adil Khan had done the same. At last their pent-up feelings burst forth and they argued as follows: "It is now nearly two years since we have received any pay, our goods are lost, and the ships dismantled; the hulks are old, and our return to Egypt is practically made impossible." The end was that the greater part of the crewmen of Seydi Ali Reis took service in Gujarat, where they decided to stay.<ref name="Commissariat1980"/>

The deserted ships, with all their tools and implements, were given over to Khudavend Khan, under condition that he should immediately remit to the [[Sublime Porte]] the price agreed upon for the sale (see also: [[Mughal Weapons]]).

== Overland journey back to the Ottoman Empire ==
After receiving a confirmatory note, both from Khudavend Khan and Adil Khan, Seydi Ali Reis started on his journey to [[Ahmedabad]] in the end of November 1554, accompanied by Mustafa Agha, the [[Kethüda]] (chief officer) of the Janissaries, and Ali Agha, the captain of the gunners (both of whom had remained faithful to Seydi Ali Reis), together with about 50 men. A few days took them from [[Burudj]] to [[Vadodara|Belodra]], and from there they proceeded to [[Champaner|Champanir]].

After a great many difficulties they at last arrived in [[Mahemdavad|Mahmudabad]], and after a journey of 50 days in [[Ahmedabad]], the capital of Gujarat. There, Seydi Ali Reis visited the Sultan, his Grand Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk, and other dignitaries. The Sultan, to whom Seydi Ali Reis presented his credentials, was pleased to receive him most graciously and he assured him of his devotion to [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. He gave Seydi Ali Reis a horse, a team of camels, and money for the journey.

A few days after this, Sultan Ahmad offered Seydi Ali Reis the command of the Province of Burudj, with a very large income, but he kindly refused the generous offer.

Amongst the learned people of the land of the Banians, there was a tribe which they called the "[[Bhat]]s", whose business was to escort merchants or travelers from one land into another, and for a very small remuneration they guaranteed their perfect safety. The Muslims of Ahmedabad gave Seydi Ali Reis two such Bhats as an escort, and so, about the middle of Safar of the said year, Seydi Ali Reis started his overland journey to the Ottoman Empire.

Seydi Ali Reis and his few remaining men first headed towards [[Lahore]], before they went to [[Delhi]] for receiving the permission of passing through the lands of the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Sultan]] [[Humayun]], who hosted them with similar hospitality and politeness, whose equally generous work offer was kindly refused by Seydi Ali Reis and his men. In February 1556 Seydi Ali Reis departed for [[Kabul]], from where he headed first to [[Semerkand]] and later to [[Bukhara]], where his men were attacked by a group of [[Uzbeks]]. Despite this initial hostility across [[Transoxiana]], Seydi Ali Reis and his men were warmly welcomed and hosted for 15 days by the ruler of Bukhara, Seid Burhan. Seydi Ali Reis later headed to [[Khwarezm]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], [[Iraq]] and [[Anatolia]], finally reaching [[Constantinople]] after two years and three months of voyage since their departure from [[Surat]] in [[India]].

== Back in Constantinople ==
[[File:50-Lira-Seydi-Ali-Reis-back.jpg|thumb|185px|right|The flagship of Seydi Ali Reis on a 50 lira coin]]
Once in Constantinople, Seydi Ali Reis wanted to reach [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] and declare his apologies for the natural disaster that his fleet had to deal with. Learning that the Sultan was in [[Edirne]] ([[Adrianople]]), Seydi Ali Reis headed there and presented the letters sent to Suleiman by the 18 sultans and rulers of the countries that he passed through during his long and difficult voyage back home.

Sultan Suleiman received Seydi Ali Reis with understanding and compassion, and appointed him as the ''Müteferrika'' of the ''Dergâh-ı âlî'', with a daily salary of 80 [[akçe]]. The Sultan also ordered the 4-year salary (ulufe) which Seydi Ali Reis was entitled to during his absence to be also paid. In 1560, [[Rüstem Pasha]] pushed for Seydi Ali Reis to be reappointed the admiral of the Indian Ocean fleet, but the governor of Egypt [[Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha]] blocked this move.<ref name="Casale2010-2">{{cite book|author=Giancarlo Casale|title=The Ottoman Age of Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xf3h3Z1YQtIC&pg=PA280|date=26 January 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-979879-7|page=110}}</ref> Instead, [[Sefer Reis]] was promoted to the supreme command of the [[Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean|Ottoman Empire's entire Indian Ocean fleet]].<ref name="Casale2010-2" />

Seydi Ali Reis wrote his famous books such as the ''[[Mirat ul Memalik|Mir'ât ül Memâlik]]'' (The Mirror of Countries, 1557) in this period. He also wrote many poems, under the nickname ''Kâtib-i Rumî'' (Bookman of Anatolia).

Seydi Ali Reis died in Constantinople in January 1563.

== See also ==
*''[[Mirat ul Memalik]]''
*[[Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean]]
*[[Ottoman Navy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/16CSidi1.html Fordham University: Sidi Ali Reis and the Mirat ul Memalik (Mirror of Countries), 1557 CE]
*[http://www.dallog.com/tdsa1/seydialireis.htm Seydi Ali Reis (Turkish)]

== Literature ==
* Finkel, Caroline, ''Osman's Dream'', (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..
*Charles F. Horne, ed., ''The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East'', (New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917)
{{Seamen of the Ottoman Empire}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reis, Seydi Ali}}
[[Category:1498 births]]
[[Category:1563 deaths]]
[[Category:Turks from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Sailors from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century sailors]]
[[Category:Ottoman Empire admirals]]
[[Category:Expatriates in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Historians of Central Asia]]
[[Category:16th-century historians from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century Ottoman military personnel]]
[[Category:Explorers of South Asia]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]

Hubballi railway division

2026-03-06T09:43:43Z

MohammadMullen: New A Details

{{Short description|Railway division of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
'''Hubballi railway division''' is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of [[South Western Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> It was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarter is located at [[Hubli|Hubballi]], [[Karnataka]].

[[Bangalore railway division|Bengaluru railway division]] and [[Mysore railway division|Mysuru railway division]] are the other railway divisions under SWR Zone headquartered at [[Hubli|Hubballi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/ |title = Hubli Railway Division|access-date = 13 January 2016 |website = [[Railway Board]]|publisher = [[Western Railway zone]]}}</ref>

==Sections==
* [[Gadag Junction–Hotgi Junction section]]
* [https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,5,1036,1041 Hubballi - Ankola Section] (under proposal – construction)
* [[Guntakal–Vasco da Gama section]]
* [[Alnavar junction - Dandeli section]]
* [[Pune–Miraj–Londa line|Miraj–Londa section]]
* [[Bellary Junction–Chikkajajur Junction section]]
* [[Toranagallu Junction-Ranjitpura section]]
* [[Bagalkot Junction–Kudachi section]]
* [[Gadag Junction–Wadi Junction section]]
* [[Ginigera Junction-Raichur Junction section]]
* [[Hospet Junction–Amaravati colony Junction section]]
* [[Gunda Road Junction–Swamihalli section]]
* [[Rayadurg–Tumkur section]]
* [[Gadag Junction–Yalvigi section]]
* [[Mahabubnagar - Munirabad|Mahabubnagar-Raichur-Sindhanur-Gangavathi-Munirabad section]]
* [[Anjanadri Express|Ayodhya(AY) – Gangavathi (GGVT)]]
* [[SSSHubballi - Sindhanur Express|Via Gangavathi Junction- Ginigera Junction section]]
* [[Yashvanthapur-Karatagi Express|Via Gangavathi Junction (GGVT) – Ginigera (GIN) – (upcoming extension – Sindhanur Junction (SND)]]

==List of railway stations and towns ==
The list includes the stations under the Hubballi railway division and their station category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011 |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation Of Stations |url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing Passenger Amenities|url=http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,266,327}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#ffd750;" | Category of station
! style="background:#ffd750;" | No. of stations
! style="background:#ffd750;" | Names of stations
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A-1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Hubballi Junction railway station|Hubballi Junction]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | {{rws|Belagavi}}, {{rws|Bellary Junction}}, Vijaypura, {{rws |Haveri}}, {{rws|Dharwad}}, {{rws|Hosapete Junction}}, {{rws|Vasco da Gama}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | B
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" |
{{rws|Gadag Junction}},
Alnavar junction
{{rws|Londa Junction}}, {{rws|Bagalkot}}, {{rws|Toranagallu Junction}}, {{rws|Koppal}}, [[Gangavathi railway station|Gangavathi]], {{rws|Sindhanur}}, Ghataprabha, {{rws|Ranibennur}},
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | C Suburban station

| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | D
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | E
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | F Halt station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" | '''-'''
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|}
Stations closed for Passengers -

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hubli railway division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:South Western Railway zone|*]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Neeli Megha Shyama

2026-03-03T09:08:45Z

MohammadMullen: new first pg initial version

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu-language film by Ravi S Varmaa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Neeli Megha Shyama.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = Ravi S Varmaa
| screenplay = Nandu Savirigana
| story = Arjun{{ndash}}Carthyk
| producer = Karthik Satya
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]]
* Payal Radhakrishna
}}
| cinematography = Suneel Reddy
| editing = Balaji VBJ
| music = Shravan Bharadwaj
| studio = Moonshine Entertainments
| distributor = [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|1|9|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 116 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeli Megha Shyama |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNzI5MDcyMDI0MDAwNTI= |website=Central Board of Film Certification}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Neeli Megha Shyama''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Ravi S Varmaa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeli Megha Shyama locks OTT platform: Where to watch the Vishwadev Rachakonda film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/neeli-megha-shyama-locks-ott-platform-where-to-watch-the-vishwadev-rachakonda-film/6538974d9f895 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126053914/https://www.ottplay.com/news/neeli-megha-shyama-locks-ott-platform-where-to-watch-the-vishwadev-rachakonda-film/6538974d9f895 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film features [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]] and Payal Radhakrishna in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Latha |date=2025-01-03 |title=డైరెక్ట్ గా ఓటీటీలోకి '35 చిన్న కథ కాదు' హీరో సినిమా, ఏ ఓటీటీలో చూడొచ్చంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/viswadev-rachakondas-neeli-megha-shyama-premieres-from-january-9-on-aha-192763 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref> The film was released on 9 January 2025 on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Neeli Megha Shyama OTT Release Date Confirmed: Vishwadev Rachakonda, Payal Radhakrishna's Telugu Movie Streaming On THIS Platform |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/neeli-megha-shyama-ott-release-date-confirmed-vishwadev-rachakonda-payal-radhakrishna-telugu-movie-streaming-on-aha-10211552 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Shyam ([[Vishwadev Rachakonda]]) is born with silver spoon and has a father who criticizes him for his irregular and bad life style. He goes to Kulumanali in search of himself. He meets Megha (Payal Radhakrishna), who is a regular trecker and is assigned to guide Shyam in the trecking journey. She gets breakup from her ex-lover and guides hero in trecking. He finally transforms to a good human being in her presence. He proposes to her and she rejects it, because of her bitter experience. And finally they reunite in their friends' marriage.

==Cast==
* [[Vishwadev Rachakonda]] as Shyam
* Payal Radhakrishna as Megha
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Viplav
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Shyam’s father
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Megha’s grandfather
* [[Sudharshan]] as Shyam's friend
* [[Dubbing Janaki]] as Megha’s grandmother

== Music ==
Music of the film is composed by Shravan Bharadwaj.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeli Megha Shyama {{!}} Song - Neeli Meghamanthata (Lyrical) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/neeli-megha-shyama-song-neeli-meghamanthata-lyrical/videoshow/111223805.cms |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625025916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/neeli-megha-shyama-song-neeli-meghamanthata-lyrical/videoshow/111223805.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = Shravan Bharadwaj
| title1 = Neeli Meghamanthata
| length1 = 3:54
| lyrics1 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title2 = Arere Manase
| length2 = 2:31
| lyrics2 = Suresh Banisetti
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada]]
| title3 = Puvula Ralane Vennala Kargane
| length3 = 3:03
| lyrics3 = M Chitran
| extra3 = Shravan Bharadwaj
| title4 = Ninnu Chupulu Vethike Lope
| length4 = 3:24
| lyrics4 = Krishna Kanth
| extra4 = Lalitha Kavya, Shravan Bharadwaj
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Neeli Megha Shyama'' was originally scheduled to have a theatrical release, but had a direct-to-video release on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] on 9 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeli Megha Shyama OTT release date: When to watch the Viswadev Rachakonda film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/neeli-megha-shyama-ott-release-date-when-to-watch-the-viswadev-rachakonda-film/08a7ec1e48377 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

Kausalya Rachavelpula of ''[[The Hans India]]'' had a positive opinion saying "''Neeli Megha Shyama'' is a delightful, feel-good romantic comedy with standout humor". She further praised the performance of Vishwadev Rachakonda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2025-01-11 |title=Neeli Megha Shyama Review: A Refreshing Take on Love, Laughter, and Personal Growth. |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/neeli-megha-shyama-review-a-refreshing-take-on-love-laughter-and-personal-growth-936456 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111072938/https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/neeli-megha-shyama-review-a-refreshing-take-on-love-laughter-and-personal-growth-936456 |url-status=live }}</ref> A review on Ap7am found it was "a formulaic love story that doesn’t explore its potential."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Neeli Megha Shyama Movie Review |url=https://www.ap7am.com/mr/715/neeli-megha-shyama-movie-review |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ap7am.com |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121203501/https://www.ap7am.com/mr/715/neeli-megha-shyama-movie-review |url-status=live }}</ref> while ObNews wrote it was " acharming romantic comedy with excellent humor" but "lack[ing] emotional depth."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of Neeli Megha Shyama: A Novel Approach to Laughter, Love, and Personal Development |url=https://www.obnews.co/Flow/News/id/8394253.html?val=f83e6fa5bf7b750bc1a60517a4c6fe33&ch=oppo |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.obnews.co}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=35279278|title=Neeli Megha Shyama}}
*[https://www.aha.video/movie/neeli-megha-shyam ''Neeli Megha Shyama''] on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Direct-to-video comedy films]]
[[Category:2025 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]

Gutka

2026-02-27T23:38:12Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Short description|Tobacco preparation chewed in South Asia}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
[[File:Gutka vendor in India.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Gutka street vendor in [[Himachal Pradesh]], India]]

'''Gutka'''{{efn|Also spelled '''ghutka''' or '''guṭkha''', pronounced {{IPAc-en|'|g|ʌ|t|k|ə}} {{respell|GUHT|kə}}.}} is a type of [[betel quid]] and [[chewing tobacco]] preparation made of crushed [[areca nut]] (also called betel nut), [[tobacco]], [[catechu]], [[paraffin wax]], [[Calcium hydroxide|slaked lime]] (calcium hydroxide) and sweet or savory flavourings, in India, Pakistan, other Asian countries, and North America.<ref name=cp>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpaaindia.org/activities/projects.htm#gutkha|title=CPAA: Quit Smoking Campaign, Anti Tobacco & Quit Smoking Campaign|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517015526/http://www.cpaaindia.org/activities/projects.htm#gutkha|archive-date=17 May 2015}}</ref>

Using gutka is highly addictive and can cause various harmful effects such as [[head and neck cancer]],<ref name="NCI">{{cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®)–Patient Version |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq |access-date=28 November 2019 |website=National Cancer Institute |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828102202/https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeng JH, Chang MC, Hahn LJ |date=September 2001 |title=Role of areca nut in betel quid-associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future perspectives |journal=Oral Oncology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=477–492 |doi=10.1016/S1368-8375(01)00003-3 |pmid=11435174}}</ref> [[Oral cancer|oral]] and [[oropharyngeal cancer]]s,<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Gormley |first1=Mark |last2=Creaney |first2=Grant |last3=Schache |first3=Andrew |last4=Ingarfield |first4=Kate |last5=Conway |first5=David I. |date=2022-11-11 |title=Reviewing the epidemiology of head and neck cancer: definitions, trends and risk factors |journal=British Dental Journal |language=en |volume=233 |issue=9 |pages=780–786 |doi=10.1038/s41415-022-5166-x |issn=0007-0610 |pmc=9652141 |pmid=36369568}}</ref> [[Coronary artery disease|coronary heart disease]], as well as negative reproductive effects including [[stillbirth]], [[premature birth]] and [[low birth weight]].<ref name="VidyasagaranSiddiqi2016">{{cite journal |last1=Vidyasagaran |first1=A. L. |last2=Siddiqi |first2=K. |last3=Kanaan |first3=M. |year=2016 |title=Use of smokeless tobacco and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/101100/1/EJPC_D_16_00085_R1_2016.pdf |journal=European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |volume=23 |issue=18 |pages=1970–1981 |doi=10.1177/2047487316654026 |issn=2047-4873 |pmid=27256827 |s2cid=206820997 |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601025303/https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/101100/1/EJPC_D_16_00085_R1_2016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Ruchika |last2=Gupta |first2=Sanjay |last3=Sharma |first3=Shashi |last4=Sinha |first4=Dhirendra N |last5=Mehrotra |first5=Ravi |date=2019-01-01 |title=Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Data |url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/21/1/25/4793346 |journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=25–31 |doi=10.1093/ntr/nty002 |issn=1469-994X |pmc=6941711 |pmid=29325111 |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531085312/https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/21/1/25/4793346 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gutka is manufactured in the sub-continent and exported to a few other countries, often marketed under the guise of a "safer" product than cigarettes and tobacco.<ref name="Sage Journals">{{cite journal |last1=Mohan |first1=Priya |last2=Lando |first2=Harry A |last3=Panneer |first3=Sigamani |title=Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Control in India |journal=Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine |volume=9 |publisher=Sage Journals |article-number=1179916118759289 |language=en |doi=10.1177/1179916118759289 |date=1 January 2018|doi-access=free }}</ref> Reported to have both stimulant and relaxation effects, it is sold throughout South Asia and some Pacific regions in small, individual-sized foil packets/sachets and tins<ref name="Smoking and Tobacco Use">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/betel_quid/|title=CDC - Fact Sheet - Betel Quid with Tobacco (Gutka) - Smoking & Tobacco Use|work=Smoking and Tobacco Use|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402022539/http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/betel_quid/|url-status=live}}</ref> that cost between 2 and 10 [[Indian rupee|rupees]] each.<ref name="who">{{cite web |last1=Shaukat |first1=Mohammed |title=Tobacco control in India - achievements and remaining challenges |url=http://www.searo.who.int/entity/noncommunicable_diseases/events/ncd-bengaluru-tobacco-control-india.pdf?ua=1 |website=WHO |publisher=Ministry of health and family welfare |access-date=5 October 2018 |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113074218/http://www.searo.who.int/entity/noncommunicable_diseases/events/ncd-bengaluru-tobacco-control-india.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is widely consumed in [[Northern India]], [[Pakistan]] and the [[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]] region of [[Nepal]]. Gutka is consumed by placing a pinch of it between the gum and cheek and gently sucking and chewing, similar to chewing tobacco.<ref name="Smoking and Tobacco Use" /> Due to containing [[Carcinogen|cancer-causing substances]], it is subjected in India to the same restrictions and warnings as [[cigarettes]].<ref name="cp" /><ref name="thankyou">{{cite news |last1=Ananth |first1=Venkar |date=1 April 2015 |title=Thank you for smoking: A brief history of tobacco warning labels |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZNFwGtWis70q2eYpUl9l1L/Thank-you-for-smoking-A-brief-history-of-tobacco-warning-la.html |access-date=5 October 2018 |newspaper=Live Mint |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195139/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZNFwGtWis70q2eYpUl9l1L/Thank-you-for-smoking-A-brief-history-of-tobacco-warning-la.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 February 2011 |title=NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms |url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gutka |access-date=7 December 2019 |website=National Cancer Institute |publisher=National Institutes of Health |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Niaz |first1=Kamal |last2=Maqbool |first2=Faheem |last3=Khan |first3=Fazlullah |last4=Bahadar |first4=Haji |last5=Ismail Hassan |first5=Fatima |last6=Abdollahi |first6=Mohammad |date=9 March 2017 |title=Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer |journal=Epidemiology and Health |publisher=Us National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health |volume=39 |article-number=e2017009 |doi=10.4178/epih.e2017009 |pmc=5543298 |pmid=28292008}}</ref> Highly [[drug addiction|addictive]] and a known carcinogen, gutkha is the subject of much controversy in India. Many states have sought to curb its immense popularity by taxing sales of gutkha heavily or by banning it.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web |date=4 April 2012 |title=MP becomes 1st state to ban Gutka products containing tobacco |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/MP-becomes-1st-state-to-ban-Gutka-products-containing-tobacco/Article1-834532.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905050300/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/MP-becomes-1st-state-to-ban-Gutka-products-containing-tobacco/Article1-834532.aspx |archive-date=5 September 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
Gutka is a commercially produced form of [[smokeless tobacco]]. Manufacturers add sweet or savory flavors, making it more appealing to women and young people in some locations.<ref name="emro.who.int">{{cite web |title=The truth about smokeless tobacco use {{!}} Know the truth {{!}} TFI |url=http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/know-the-truth/smokeless-tobacco-use.html |website=www.emro.who.int |publisher=World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207223518/http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/know-the-truth/smokeless-tobacco-use.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The combinations of gutka ingredients vary according to local preferences. Spices may include [[Mustard plant|mustard]], [[turmeric]], [[anise|anise seeds]], [[cardamom]], [[saffron]] and [[cloves]].<ref name="Smoking and Tobacco Use"/>

In addition to [[areca nut]], [[nicotine]], [[slaked lime]], paraffin and [[catechu]], it can be laced with thousands of chemicals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Banerji |first1=Annie |title=India "gutka" chewing tobacco habit a tough nut to crack |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-tobacco-idUSBRE88508420120906 |website=Reuters |publisher=Thomson Reuters |access-date=7 December 2019 |language=en |date=6 September 2012 |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191631/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-tobacco-idUSBRE88508420120906 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a powdery, granular, light brownish to white substance. Within moments of chewing mixing with saliva, the gutkha begins to dissolve and turn deep red in colour. It may impart upon its user a "buzz" somewhat more intense than that of tobacco chewing, snuffing and smoking.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Gutka turns saliva bright red, and when it is chewed long and often enough it will stain a user's teeth bright red too. Saliva is generally spat onto a wall or at the ground, causing a red stain that is quite resistant to the elements. Some building owners have taken to combating this by painting murals of gods on their walls, with the idea that gutkha chewers would not spit on a god.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kolhatkar |first1=Sandip |date=12 April 2013 |title=Do not spit here, for god's sake! |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/do-not-spit-here--for-gods-sake/208490 |access-date=7 December 2019 |website=mid-day |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208040751/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/do-not-spit-here--for-gods-sake/208490 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bearak |first1=Max |title=Officials in India are really sick and tired of their country's tobacco habit |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/18/officials-in-india-are-really-sick-and-tired-of-their-countrys-tobacco-habit/ |access-date=7 December 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208040750/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/18/officials-in-india-are-really-sick-and-tired-of-their-countrys-tobacco-habit/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bhattasali |first=Amitabha |date=23 November 2011 |title=Scheme to save Calcutta's Howrah Bridge from spit |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-15837262 |access-date=16 August 2013 |work=BBC News |archive-date=24 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724110742/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-15837262 |url-status=live }}</ref>

"Quid chewing has claimed to produce a sense of well being, euphoria, warm sensations of the body, sweating, salivation, palpitation and heightened alertness, tolerance to hunger, and increased capacity and stamina to work."<ref name="Arecanut as an emerging etiology of">{{cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Gunjan |last2=Chaturvedi |first2=Pankaj |last3=Vaishampayan |first3=Sagar |date=2012 |title=Arecanut as an emerging etiology of oral cancers in India |journal=Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology |publisher=Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology : Official Journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=71–79 |doi=10.4103/0971-5851.99726 |pmc=3439794 |pmid=22988348 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Health effects ==
Gutka is highly addictive, represents a major health risk, has no safe level use and is not a safe substitute for smoking.<ref name="WHO2017">{{cite web |year=2017 |title=Recommendation on smokeless tobacco products |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42658/1/9241590556.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |pages=1–9 |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233908/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42658/1/9241590556.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ACS015">{{cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Health Risks of Smokeless Tobacco |url=https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/tobacco-and-cancer/smokeless-tobacco.html |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706204005/https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/health-risks-of-tobacco/smokeless-tobacco.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCI2010">{{cite web |date=25 October 2010 |title=Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/smokeless-fact-sheet |publisher=United States Department of Health and Human Services |agency=[[National Cancer Institute]] at the National Institutes of Health |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531183504/https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/smokeless-fact-sheet |url-status=live }}{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="Group2002">{{cite book |author=Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpUgCBGb5SwC&pg=PA5 |title=Protecting Smokers, Saving Lives: The Case for a Tobacco and Nicotine Regulatory Authority |publisher=Royal College of Physicians |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-86016-177-3 |pages=5– |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531183455/https://books.google.com/books?id=fpUgCBGb5SwC&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Globally smokeless tobacco products like gutka contribute to 650,000 deaths each year with a significant proportion of them in [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name="SinhaSuliankatchi2016">{{cite journal |last1=Sinha |first1=Dhirendra N |last2=Suliankatchi |first2=Rizwan A |last3=Gupta |first3=Prakash C |last4=Thamarangsi |first4=Thaksaphon |last5=Agarwal |first5=Naveen |last6=Parascandola |first6=Mark |last7=Mehrotra |first7=Ravi |year=2016 |title=Global burden of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to smokeless tobacco use: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Tobacco Control |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=tobaccocontrol–2016–053302 |doi=10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053302 |issn=0964-4563 |pmid=27903956 |s2cid=10968200}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Chugh |first1=Aastha |last2=Arora |first2=Monika |last3=Jain |first3=Neha |last4=Vidyasagaran |first4=Aishwarya |last5=Readshaw |first5=Anne |last6=Sheikh |first6=Aziz |last7=Eckhardt |first7=Jappe |last8=Siddiqi |first8=Kamran |last9=Chopra |first9=Mansi |last10=Mishu |first10=Masuma Pervin |last11=Kanaan |first11=Mona |last12=Rahman |first12=Muhammad Aziz |last13=Mehrotra |first13=Ravi |last14=Huque |first14=Rumana |last15=Forberger |first15=Sarah |date=June 2023 |title=The global impact of tobacco control policies on smokeless tobacco use: a systematic review |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X2300205X |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=en |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=e953–e968 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00205-X |pmid=37202029 |access-date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603043722/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X2300205X |url-status=live |hdl=20.500.11820/e0442377-9f02-4360-8d09-292d86110e45 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Using gutka can cause a number of adverse health effects such as [[head and neck cancer]],<ref name="NCI" /><ref name=":0" /> [[oral cancer]],<ref name="Arecanut as an emerging etiology of" /> [[oral submucous fibrosis]],<ref name="emro.who.int" /> [[Esophageal cancer|oesophagus cancer]], and [[pancreatic cancer]], [[cardiovascular disease]], and [[asthma]].<ref name="NiazMaqbool2017">{{cite journal |last1=Niaz |first1=Kamal |last2=Maqbool |first2=Faheem |last3=Khan |first3=Fazlullah |last4=Bahadar |first4=Haji |last5=Ismail Hassan |first5=Fatima |last6=Abdollahi |first6=Mohammad |year=2017 |title=Smokeless tobacco (''paan'' and ''gutkha'') consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer |journal=Epidemiology and Health |volume=39 |article-number=e2017009 |doi=10.4178/epih.e2017009 |issn=2092-7193 |pmc=5543298 |pmid=28292008}}{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://www.e-epih.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4178/epih.e2017009|author(s)=Kamal Niaz, Faheem Maqbool, Fazlullah Khan, Haji Bahadar, Fatima Ismail Hassan, Mohammad Abdollahi}}</ref> It also raises the risk of fatal [[coronary artery disease]], fatal [[stroke]] and non-fatal ischaemic heart disease<ref name="VidyasagaranSiddiqi2016"/><ref name=":2"/> When a person chews gutka, the mixture directly enters the system through the oral cavity, which absorbs 28 cancer-causing chemicals.<ref name="Smokeless tobacco paan and gutkha" />

Gutka can cause adverse reproductive effects including [[stillbirth]], [[Preterm birth|premature birth]], [[low birth weight]]. Nicotine in gutka that are used during pregnancy can affect how a baby's brain develops before birth.<ref name="VidyasagaranSiddiqi2016"/>

Gutka use causes the production of various reactive [[radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] that induce [[oxidative stress]], particularly in oral tissues.<ref name = Prajapati2024>{{cite journal |vauthors=Prajapati RK, Joshi J, Karthikeyan S, Inder MP |title=Comparative evaluation of salivary, serum and urinary 8-OHdG in gutka-associated oral submucous fibrosis |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Pathol |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=37–41 |date=2024 |pmid=38800434 |pmc=11126255 |doi=10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_442_23 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref> Gutka exposure can lead to the oxidation of [[guanine]] bases in [[DNA]] to form [[8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine|8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine]] (8-OHdG or its tautomer 8-oxo-dG) as a major byproduct.<ref name = Prajapati2024/> Exposure to Gutka tends to be highest in [[saliva]] and [[urine]] as evaluated by measuring 8-OHdG in DNA.

Creative advertising by tobacco companies and lack of accessible information for the public leads to many gutka users being unaware of the dangers it can bring. Often users believe that gutka can act as a digestion aid, kill germs, and generally give a sense of well-being.<ref name="Smokeless tobacco paan and gutkha">{{cite journal |last1=Niaz |first1=Kamal |last2=Maqbool |first2=Faheem |last3=Khan |first3=Fazlullah |last4=Bahadar |first4=Haji |last5=Ismail Hassan |first5=Fatima |last6=Abdollahi |first6=Mohammad |title=Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer |journal=Epidemiology and Health |volume=39 |article-number=e2017009 |publisher=US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health |doi=10.4178/epih.e2017009 |pmid=28292008 |pmc=5543298 |date=9 March 2017}}</ref> In fact 34.4% of smokers have switched to smokeless tobacco use as way to quit<ref name="Sage Journals" /> but there is no scientific evidence that using gutka can help a person quit smoking.<ref name="NCI2010"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=ERS |date=2019-05-29 |title=ERS Position Paper on Tobacco Harm Reduction |url=https://www.ersnet.org/news-and-features/news/ers-position-paper-on-tobacco-harm-reduction-2/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=ERS - European Respiratory Society |language=en-GB |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530093952/https://www.ersnet.org/news-and-features/news/ers-position-paper-on-tobacco-harm-reduction-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2015 it was the fourth most common addictive product worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Fen |last2=Parvez |first2=Faruque |last3=Islam |first3=Tariqul |last4=Ahmed |first4=Alauddin |last5=Rakibuz-Zaman |first5=Muhammad |last6=Hasan |first6=Rabiul |last7=Argos |first7=Maria |last8=Levy |first8=Diane |last9=Sarwar |first9=Golam |last10=Ahsan |first10=Habibul |author10-link=Habibul Ahsan |last11=Chen |first11=Yu |date=25 June 2015 |title=Betel quid use and mortality in Bangladesh: a cohort study |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |publisher=World Health Organization |volume=93 |issue=10 |pages=684–692 |doi=10.2471/blt.14.149484 |pmc=4645429 |pmid=26600610}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Javed |first1=Fawad |last2=Chotai |first2=Milisha |last3=Mehmood |first3=Abid |last4=Almas |first4=Khalid |date=1 June 2010 |title=Oral mucosal disorders associated with habitual gutka usage: a review |journal=Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology |publisher=Oral Surgery, Oral edicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology |volume=109 |issue=6 |pages=857–864 |doi=10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.038 |pmid=20382045}}</ref>

== Usage ==
[[File:Panmasala Gutkha stains on wall due to spitting.jpg|thumb|upright|Red stains of Gutka on walls due to [[spitting]]]]

Use of gutka and other forms of tobacco are culturally ingrained and use can begin at a young age.<ref name="Sage Journals" /> Smokeless tobacco use is most common in India where oral cancer accounts for 30 to 40% of cancer cases.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=ALI |first1=SYED MUMTAZ |last2=QURESHI |first2=REHAN |last3=JAMAL |first3=SYED |s2cid=35257267 |journal=Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal }}</ref> Its use has been reported in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia and New Guinea. Immigrants to the United Kingdom, parts of Africa, Australia, North America have brought their habits with them.

Gutka is readily available in these locations, especially in neighborhood Asian markets in highly populated areas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Niaz |first1=Kamal |last2=Maqbool |first2=Faheem |last3=Khan |first3=Fazlullah |last4=Bahadar |first4=Haji |last5=Ismail Hassan |first5=Fatima |last6=Abdollahi |first6=Mohammad |title=Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer |journal=Epidemiology and Health |volume=39 |article-number=e2017009 |publisher=US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health |doi=10.4178/epih.e2017009 |pmid=28292008 |pmc=5543298 |date=9 March 2017}}</ref> Immigrants to the United States where spitting in public is not as socially acceptable, learn to be discreet.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Smita C. |last2=Ostroff |first2=Jamie S. |last3=Bari |first3=Sehrish |last4=D'Agostino |first4=Thomas A. |last5=Khera |first5=Mitali |last6=Acharya |first6=Sudha |last7=Gany |first7=Francesca |title=Gutka and Tambaku Paan Use Among South Asian Immigrants: A Focus Group Study |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |date=12 April 2013 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1007/s10903-013-9826-4 |pmid=23579964 |pmc=4097304 }}</ref> Those in the lower socioeconomic populations are especially at risk. It is here that access to education and treatment is limited.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coelho |first1=Ken Russell |title=Challenges of the Oral Cancer Burden in India |journal=Journal of Cancer Epidemiology |volume=2012 |article-number=701932 |language=en |doi=10.1155/2012/701932 |pmid=23093961 |pmc=3471448 |date=2012|doi-access=free }}</ref> Easy access and extremely low cost lead to early addiction and the prevalence of gutka use.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last1=Dsouza |first1=Vivek |last2=Kembhavi |first2=Pratiksha Mohan |last3=S |first3=Praveen Rao |last4=P |first4=Kumaran |last5=Hebbar |first5=Pragati B. |date=2023-03-27 |title=How does Indian news media report smokeless tobacco control? A content analysis of the gutka ban enforcement |journal=PLOS Global Public Health |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e0001724 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001724 |issn=2767-3375 |pmc=10042338 |pmid=36972290 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balappanavar |first1=Aswini |last2=Mohanty |first2=Vikrant Ranjan |last3=Hussain |first3=Abrar |title=Compliance with Tobacco Promotion and Sale Laws in School Neighbourhoods in India |volume=18 |issue=2 |journal=Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention |publisher=US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health |pages=563–570 |doi=10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.2.563 |pmid=28345846 |pmc=5454759 |date=1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=A.H.R. |title=The nut cracks: Half of all Indian states have banned gutka since April. More may follow |url=https://www.economist.com/banyan/2012/10/09/the-nut-cracks |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207222236/https://www.economist.com/banyan/2012/10/09/the-nut-cracks |url-status=live }}</ref> Precancerous lesions have been observed in young children and symptoms of cancer often appear by high school or college age.

Smoking is not allowed in many places, and when done by children, is disapproved of. In contrast gutka use, being all but invisible to others, is the method of choice. A ''[[New York Times]]'' article reported in 2002 that sales of gutka and the tobaccoless version, [[paan masala]], reached $1 billion a year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldman |first1=Amy |title=Sweet but Deadly Addiction Is Seizing the Young in India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/13/world/sweet-but-deadly-addiction-is-seizing-the-young-in-india.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=8 December 2019 |date=13 August 2002 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208005154/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/13/world/sweet-but-deadly-addiction-is-seizing-the-young-in-india.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== India ===
Over 25% of India's population use tobacco products including cigarettes and multiple forms of smokeless tobacco. India has the largest number of smokeless tobacco users in the world. The poorest populations are greatly affected due to the detrimental effects of its use and the subsequent costs of medical care.<ref name="Sage Journals"/> Many Indian states have sought to curb the use and spread of gutka by taxing sales heavily or by banning it.<ref name="Hindustan Times"/>

They have banned the sale, manufacture, distribution and storage of gutka and all its variants. As of May 2013, gutka is banned in 24 states and 3 [[Union Territory|union territories]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_cancer-centres-urge-pm-to-ban-gutka-across-india_1767377 |title=Cancer centres urge PM to ban gutka across India |newspaper=DNA India |date=21 November 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054602/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-cancer-centres-urge-pm-to-ban-gutka-across-india-1767377 |url-status=live }}</ref> The federal Food Safety and Regulation (Prohibition) Act 2011 allows harmful products such as gutka to be banned for a year. This can be renewed annually, resulting in a permanent ban. The ban is enforced by the state public health ministry, the state Food and Drug Administration, and the local police.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Govt-to-file-caveat-in-HC-today-on-gutka-paan-masala-ban/articleshow/14858958.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126085134/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/mumbai/32662776_1_paan-masala-gutka-magnesium-carbonate |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Govt to file caveat in HC today on gutka, paan masala ban |date=13 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> Enforcement of the law is generally lax and many shops still sell gutka, although it may not be displayed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/why-the-gutka-ban-in-maharashtra-wont-work-376475.html|title=Why the gutka ban in Maharashtra won't work|date=13 July 2012|access-date=13 July 2012|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714030058/http://www.firstpost.com/india/why-the-gutka-ban-in-maharashtra-wont-work-376475.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3535702.ece|title=Sale of pan masala thriving|date=16 June 2012|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu|first=M. P.|last=Praveen|access-date=13 July 2012|archive-date=18 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618000904/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3535702.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/What-ban-Gutka-still-sells/articleshow/14222559.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103144240/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-18/patna/32298406_1_paan-masala-gutka-tobacco-products|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=What ban? Gutka still sells|date=18 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Gutka-ban-not-satisfactory-admits-minister/articleshow/18095271.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-20/patna/36445192_1_tobacco-control-voice-of-tobacco-victims-gutka-ban |url-status=live |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Gutka ban not satisfactory, admits minister |date=20 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Gutka-continues-to-rustle-undercover-despite-ban/articleshow/18231182.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035609/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-29/bhubaneswar/36614819_1_ban-gutka-gutka-and-paan-masala-tobacco-products |url-status=live |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Gutka continues to rustle undercover despite ban |date=29 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> Enforcemnent is stricter in some regions like [[Mumbai]] and [[Delhi]], but illegal sale of gutka still occurs.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/indians-want-their-fixgutkhapan-masala-despite-ban/486544/ |title=Indians want their fix of gutkha & pan masala despite ban |work=Business Standard |date=16 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706204007/https://www.business-standard.com/search?q=news |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, the Delhi government extended the ban for one more year on Gutka, Pan Masala, Flavoured/Scented Tobacco, Kharra and similar products containing tobacco. In September 2012, State of Delhi banned Gutka and Pan Masala containing tobacco and/or nicotine. After the notification, Gutka manufacturers separated the components like tobacco from Gutka and Pan Masala. Since the term 'Gutka and Pan Masala Containing Tobacco' was used in the notification. The components like tobacco were manufactured and sold in separate pouches after the ban. The notification was revised in March 2015 to make it more strict and banned all smokeless tobacco (SLT) products including twin-pack.<ref name="The Health">{{cite news | url=https://thehealth.today/fact-check-about-ban-on-smokeless-tobacco-products-in-india/ | title=Fact Check About Ban On Smokeless Tobacco Products In India | work=[[The Health]] | date=May 10, 2019 | access-date=September 8, 2019 | author=Siddharth | url-status=live | archive-date=25 August 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825183531/https://thehealth.today/fact-check-about-ban-on-smokeless-tobacco-products-in-india/ }}</ref> Offenders can be fined or receive prison sentences.<ref>{{cite news|author=Masand, Pratibha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Ban-implementation-may-take-few-weeks/articleshow/14858935.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126044336/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/mumbai/32663143_1_paan-masala-ban-implementation-fda-commissioner-mahesh-zagade |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Ban implementation may take few weeks |date=13 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> The law has provisions of imposing fines up to {{INRConvert|25000}} on the sale of products that are injurious to health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillpost.in/2012/07/13/himachal-bans-sale-of-gutka-pan-masala-masheri-khaini/46753/latest-news/ravinder |title=Himachal bans sale of Gutka, Pan Masala, Masheri & Khaini |work=Hill Post |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=24 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124040710/http://hillpost.in/2012/07/13/himachal-bans-sale-of-gutka-pan-masala-masheri-khaini/46753/latest-news/ravinder }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! State !! Date of ban !! Remarks
!Ref.
|-
| [[Andaman and Nicobar]] || 1 November 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/10/02/administration-imposes-complete-ban-on-gutka/ |title=Administration imposes complete ban on 'gutka' |publisher=Andaman Sheekha |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054515/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/10/02/administration-imposes-complete-ban-on-gutka/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 9 January 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130110/news-current-affairs/article/andhra-pradesh-orders-ban-manufacture-sale-gutka |title=Andhra Pradesh orders ban on manufacture, sale of gutka |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=10 January 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114022421/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130110/news-current-affairs/article/andhra-pradesh-orders-ban-manufacture-sale-gutka |archive-date=14 January 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || ||
|<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/india/38762557_1_pan-masala-tobacco-products-population-based-cancer-registry |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629131243/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-23/india/38762557_1_pan-masala-tobacco-products-population-based-cancer-registry |archive-date=2013-06-29 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Tripura, Meghalaya to ban gutka, Ruaab Pan Masala }}</ref>
|-
| [[Assam]] || ||
|<ref>{{cite news |author=Singh, Bikash |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-08/news/37561579_1_pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine-gutka |title=Gutka, pan masala containing tobacco and nicotine banned in Assam |work=Economic Times |date=8 March 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=5 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405062437/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-08/news/37561579_1_pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine-gutka }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/assam-govt-imposes-ban-on-gutkha/1085431/ |title=Assam govt imposes ban on gutkha |work=Indian Express |date=9 March 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054456/http://archive.indianexpress.com/static/sorry/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar]] || 30 May 2012<ref>{{cite news|author=Bhatia, Banjot Kaur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/World-No-Tobacco-Day-Bihar-govt-bans-gutkha-pan-masala-for-1-year/articleshow/13679128.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103080551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/patna/31920287_1_pan-masala-global-adult-tobacco-survey-world-no-tobacco-day |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=World No Tobacco Day: Bihar govt bans gutkha, pan masala for 1 year |date=31 May 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> || The law was upheld by the [[Patna High Court]].
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/up-stand-on-gutkha-ban-contrary-to-earlier-assurance-hc/1001455/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122154714/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/up-stand-on-gutkha-ban-contrary-to-earlier-assurance-hc/1001455/ | archive-date=2013-01-22 |title = UP stand on gutkha ban contrary to earlier assurance: HC - Express In…}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chandigarh]] || ||
|<ref name="KT">{{cite web |url=http://www.kashmirtimes.com/newsdet.aspx?q=11857 |title=PIL seeks ban on tobacco, gutka in J&K |work=Kashmir Times |access-date=12 February 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054445/http://www.kashmirtimes.com/newsdet.aspx?q=11857%20 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]] || 24 July 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/the-government-of-chhattisgarh-banned-gutka-and-pan-masala-1343382702-1 |title=The Government of Chhattisgarh banned Gutka and Pan Masala |publisher=Jagran Josh |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054459/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/the-government-of-chhattisgarh-banned-gutka-and-pan-masala-1343382702-1%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Delhi]] || 11 September 2012 || On 12 October 2012, the [[Delhi High Court]] refused to lift ban in response to a plea by a city-based gutka manufacturer.
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/HC-refuses-to-lift-gutka-ban/articleshow/16789367.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103100314/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/delhi/34430495_1_gutka-ban-gutka-products-delhi-high-court |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=HC refuses to lift gutka ban |date=13 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Perappadan, Bindu Shajan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article3884583.ece |title=Delhi decides to ban gutka |work=The Hindu |date=11 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article3884583.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/delhi-bans-gutka-following-high-court-orders/290635-3-244.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914025734/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/delhi-bans-gutka-following-high-court-orders/290635-3-244.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 |title=Delhi bans gutka following High Court orders |publisher=IBN Live |date=11 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-government-slaps-ban-on-all-gutka-products/articleshow/16345567.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023013024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-11/delhi/33762330_1_tobacco-products-gutka-products-sale-and-production |url-status=live |archive-date=23 October 2012 |title=Delhi government slaps ban on all gutka products |date=11 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Goa]] || 2 October 2005 ||
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-27/news/27502007_1_gutka-food-products-ban |title=Goa to ban gutka consumption |work=Economic Times |date=27 September 2005 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=15 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115021119/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-27/news/27502007_1_gutka-food-products-ban }}</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat]] || 11 September 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gutka-to-be-banned-in-gujarat-from-september-11-narendra-modi/988726/ |title=Gutka to be banned in Gujarat from 11 September: Narendra Modi |work=Indian Express |date=15 August 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109233328/http://archive.indianexpress.com/static/sorry/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article3775436.ece |title=Gutka to be banned in Gujarat from 11 Sept.: Modi |work=The Hindu |date=15 August 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054502/https://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article3775436.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || 100% export-oriented units are exempt from the ban.
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gutkha-ban-lone-unit-exempted/1009027/0 |title=Gutkha ban: Lone unit exempted |newspaper=Financial Express |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514060207/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gutkha-ban-lone-unit-exempted/1009027/0 |archive-date=14 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]] || 13 July 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/himachal-govt-bans-gutka-pan-masala-products_787358.html |title=Himachal govt bans Gutka, pan masala products |publisher=Zee News |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054518/http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/himachal-govt-bans-gutka-pan-masala-products_787358.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Haryana]] || 15 August 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryana-to-ban-food-items-having-tobacco/articleshow/15467775.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103081233/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-13/chandigarh/33181467_1_ban-on-hookah-bars-hookah-and-tobacco-haryana-government |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Haryana to ban food items having tobacco |date=13 August 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jharkhand]] || 24 July 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=250390903 |title=Jharkhand bans production, sale of gutka/panmasala |publisher=MSN News |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514031032/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=250390903 |archive-date=14 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/jharkhand-bans-sale-manufacturing-of-gutka-389468.html|title=Jharkhand bans sale, manufacturing of gutka|work=Firstpost|date=24 July 2012|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054521/https://www.firstpost.com/india/jharkhand-bans-sale-manufacturing-of-gutka-389468.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kerala]] || 25 May 2012<ref>{{cite news |author=Mathew, Roy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3455962.ece |title=Kerala bans pan masala and its variants |work=The Hindu |date=25 May 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054624/https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3455962.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || On 2 August 2012, Kerala High Court declined to stay the ban.
|<ref>{{cite news | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/kerala/hc-refuses-to-stay-ban-on-pan-masala_791249.html | title=HC refuses to stay ban on pan masala | date=2 August 2012 | access-date=2 August 2012 | archive-date=7 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054527/http://zeenews.india.com/news/kerala/hc-refuses-to-stay-ban-on-pan-masala_791249.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Karnataka]] || 31 May 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Karnataka-to-ban-gutka-on-World-No-Tobbaco-Day/articleshow/20353186.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618095533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-30/bangalore/39628254_1_gutka-products-areca-growers-karnataka-government |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2013 |title=Karnataka to ban gutka on 'World No Tobacco Day' |date=30 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 April 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/madhya-pradesh-bans-gutkha-and-other-chewing-tobacco-products |title=Madhya Pradesh bans gutkha and other chewing tobacco products |publisher=Down To Earth |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054545/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/madhya-pradesh-bans-gutkha-and-other-chewing-tobacco-products%20 }}</ref> || The law was upheld by the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].
|<ref>{{cite news|author=Tripathi, Ashish |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Ban-gutka-or-we-will-High-court-tells-Akhilesh-Yadav-government/articleshow/16452676.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103171713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/lucknow/33925119_1_ban-gutkha-justice-anurag-kumar-high-court |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title='Ban gutka or we will', High court tells Akhilesh Yadav government |date=18 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Maharashtra]] || 20 July 2012<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Ban-Day-1-FDA-set-to-root-out-gutka/articleshow/15065743.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126150711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/mumbai/32776326_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-magnesium-carbonate-fda-commissioner-mahesh-zagade |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Ban Day 1: FDA set to root out gutka |date=21 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> || Previous bans on gutka on 1 August 2002 and again in 2008 were overturned by the Supreme Court on the grounds of unfair trade practice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Maharashtra-bans-gutka-paan-m/articleshow/14825412.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126081852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-11/mumbai/32631865_1_gutka-and-paan-masala-ban-maharashtra-government-today |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Maharashtra bans gutka, paan m |date=11 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Deshpande, Swati |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Current-ban-on-stronger-footing-than-in-2002/articleshow/14870645.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126204343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-14/mumbai/32674531_1_gutka-and-pan-masala-ban-sale-tobacco-and-nicotine |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Current ban on stronger footing than in 2002 |date=14 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> The most recent ban was upheld by the [[Bombay High Court]] on 15 September 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bombay-high-court-upholds-ban-on-gutka-pan-masala-in-maharashtra-267896 |title=Bombay High Court upholds ban on gutka, pan masala in Maharashtra |publisher=NDTV.com |date=15 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054507/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bombay-high-court-upholds-ban-on-gutka-pan-masala-in-maharashtra-499412 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Manipur]] || ||
|<ref name="The Times of India" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/tripura-meghalaya-to-ban-gutka-and-pan-masala/1/267258.html|title=Tripura, Meghalaya take initiative to ban gutka and pan masala|date=23 April 2013|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054559/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/northeast/story/tripura-meghalaya-to-ban-gutka-and-pan-masala-159758-2013-04-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mizoram]] || 18 October 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products/1018691 |title=Mizoram bans gutkha products |work=Indian Express |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021141334/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products/1018691 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/health-news/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products_19272.html |title=Mizoram bans gutkha products |publisher=Zee News |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054509/http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/health-news/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products_19272.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products-112101800580_1.html|title=Mizoram bans gutkha products|author=Press Trust of India|date=18 October 2012|access-date=30 May 2015|newspaper=Business Standard India|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054606/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mizoram-bans-gutkha-products-112101800580_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=sep0912/city07 |title=Call to replicate Mizoram ban in State |publisher=The Assam Tribune |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514035638/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=sep0912%2Fcity07 |archive-date=14 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Nagaland]] || ||
|<ref name="KT" />
|-
| [[Odisha]] || 1 January 2013||
|<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Odisha-rings-in-2013-with-gutka-ban/articleshow/17850350.cms |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130108002322/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/bhubaneswar/36110984_1_fssai-regulation-gutka-ban-tobacco-and-nicotine |url-status= live |archive-date= 8 January 2013 |title=Odisha rings in 2013 with gutka ban |year=2013|quote=The state government on Tuesday announced a ban on the sale and manufacture of gutka and paan masala. |work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/odisha-bans-gutkha-tobacco-sale/article4262271.ece |title=Business Line : News / States: Odisha bans gutkha, tobacco sale |work=thehindubusinessline.com |year=2013 |quote=The Odisha Government on Tuesday announced a State-wide ban on the manufacture, sale and use of gutkha and chewing tobacco containing nicotine. |access-date=2 January 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054613/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/odisha-bans-gutkha-tobacco-sale/article4262271.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/briefly-nation-orissa-bans-use-of-gutkha/1053040/ |title=Briefly Nation: Orissa bans use of gutkha - Indian Express |work=indianexpress.com |year=2013 |quote=Orissa government on Tuesday announced a state-wide ban on the manufacture, sale and use of gutkha and chewing tobacco containing nicotine. |access-date=2 January 2013 |archive-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106010800/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/briefly-nation-orissa-bans-use-of-gutkha/1053040 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 26 August 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120827/2052048.html |title=Punjab bans sale of gutka, pan masala |publisher=News.webindia123.com |date=27 August 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054547/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120827/2052048.html%20 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthan]] || 18 July 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/rajasthan/rajasthan-government-decides-to-ban-gutkha_788233.html |title=Rajasthan government decides to ban Gutkha |publisher=Zee News |date=18 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054524/http://zeenews.india.com/news/rajasthan/rajasthan-government-decides-to-ban-gutkha_788233.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/rajasthan-government-decides-to-ban-gutkha-17044.html |title=Rajasthan government decides to ban Gutkha |publisher=India TV News |date=18 July 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054449/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/rajasthan-government-decides-to-ban-gutkha-17044.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Sikkim]] || 17 September 2012 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/sikkim-bans-gutkha |title=Sikkim bans gutkha |work=DownToEarth |access-date=12 February 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054621/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/sikkim-bans-gutkha%20 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]] || 8 May 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/tn-bans-pan-masala-gutka/article4695155.ece |title=TN bans pan masala, gutka |work=The Hindu |date=8 May 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054554/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tn-bans-pan-masala-gutka/article4695155.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] || 1 April 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/After-HC-order-UP-to-ban-gutka-from-April-1-next-year-2013/articleshow/16662953.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221011826/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-04/lucknow/34259483_1_ban-gutka-gutka-and-pan-masala-tobacco-and-nicotine |url-status=live |archive-date=21 February 2013 |title=After HC order, UP to ban gutka from April 1 next year, 2013 |date=4 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]] || 1 January 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/uttarakhand-gutka-ban-now-from-january-1/article4018117.ece |title=Uttarakhand gutka ban now from January 1 |work=The Hindu |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=16 August 2013 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107054533/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/uttarakhand-gutka-ban-now-from-january-1/article4018117.ece%20/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[West Bengal]] || 1 May 2013 ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Finally-state-orders-ban-on-gutka/articleshow/19719114.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618040620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-25/kolkata/38816134_1_pan-masala-gutka-10-tax-hike |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2013 |title=Finally, state orders ban on gutka |date=25 April 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Government of west bengal department of health and family welfare |url=http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/go/cfs146.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702171010/http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/go/cfs146.pdf |archive-date=July 2, 2013 }}</ref>
|}

Research firm [[Edelweiss Group|Edelweiss]] estimates the gutka ban will cause the industry {{INR|15-20 billion}} in losses.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chandramouli, Rajesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Gutka-ban-loss-could-be-Rs-1500--Rs-2000-crores/articleshow/16398290.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103131948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/chennai/33842950_1_gutka-ban-gutkha-tobacco |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Gutka ban loss could be Rs 1500 - Rs 2000 crores |date=14 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>

==== Advertising ====
Like alcohol and tobacco products, there is a ban on advertisement of gutka. Often tobacco companies advertise gutka as [[pan masala]] in order to [[surrogate advertising|skirt the ban on advertising tobacco products]]. Surrogate advertisements often use pan masala ads to promote gutka products with similar name and packaging.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2012 |title=Ban surrogate advertisements of tobacco products |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258543/ban-surrogate-advertisements-tobacco-products.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=10 July 2012 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017222628/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/258543/ban-surrogate-advertisements-tobacco-products.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations, 2011 of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, misleading advertisement of such products invites a fine of {{INRConvert|1000000|lk=on}}.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/No-relaxation-on-gutka-ban/articleshow/18041675.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/bhubaneswar/36373255_1_gutka-and-paan-masala-sale-and-advertisement-anti-tobacco | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-04-11 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=No relaxation on gutka ban}}</ref>

According to StraitsResearch, The India pan masala market is expected to reach {{USD|10,365 million}} by 2026 at the CAGR of 10.4% during the forecast period 2019–2026. The India pan masala market is driven by significant switching of consumers from tobacco products to pan masala, aggressive advertising and convenient packaging, and Maharashtra State's revocation of the ban over pan masala products.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://industrynewswire.us/what-are-the-key-challenges-to-india-pan-masala-market-growth/136971/ | work=Industry News Wire | title=Indian Pan Masala Market Share Analysis | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020140525/https://industrynewswire.us/what-are-the-key-challenges-to-india-pan-masala-market-growth/136971/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Javed F, Altamash M, Klinge B, Engström PE. (2008). Periodontal conditions and oral symptoms in gutka-chewers with and without type 2 diabetes. ''Acta Odontol Scand''; 66(5):268-73.
* Javed F, Chotai M, Mehmood A, Almas K. Oral mucosal disorders associated with habitual gutka usage. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:857-64.
* Javed F, Bello Correa FO, Chotai M, Tappuni AR, Almas K. Systemic conditions associated with areca nut usage: A literature review. Scand J Public Health 2010; 38: 838–44.

== External links ==
{{Sister project auto}}

* [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/13/international/asia/13INDI.html?todaysheadlines Sweet but Deadly Addiction is Seizing the Young in India], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 13 August 2002
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/398630.stm Chewing tobacco cancer warning], ''[[BBC News]]'', 26 July 1999
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/289976.stm Health: Children Buy Cancerous Sweets], ''[[BBC News]]'', 3 March 1999
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150517015526/http://www.cpaaindia.org/activities/projects.htm#gutkha Anti Gutkha Campaign], Cancer Patients Aid Association
* [https://ruaab.in Ruaab Pan Masala], ''Gutka'', 16 July 2018

{{Social issues in India}}

[[Category:Chewing tobacco brands]]
[[Category:Tobacco in India]]
[[Category:Tobacco in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal stimulants]]
[[Category:Desi culture]]
[[Category:Masticatories]]
[[Category:IARC Group 1 carcinogens]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Indian inventions]]

Anikha Surendran

2026-02-26T22:46:38Z

MohammadMullen: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Indian name|Anikha|Surendran}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Anikha Surendran
| image = Anikha.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manjeri]], [[Kerala]], India
| education =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2010{{En dash}}2022 (child artist) 2023{{Endash}}present
}}

'''Anikha Surendran''' (born 27 November 2004), formerly known as '''Baby Anikha''', is an Indian actress known for her work in the [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film industries. Starting her career as child artist, she acted in ''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]'' (2010), ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'' (2015) and ''[[Viswasam]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviespicy.com/baby-anikha-with-thala-ajith-kumar-in-yennai-arindhaal/ |title=Anikha inyennai arindhaal with ajith kumar. |work=MovieSpicy |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=3 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603004235/http://www.moviespicy.com/baby-anikha-with-thala-ajith-kumar-in-yennai-arindhaal/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> She has received awards for acting. She became a lead actress with the Telugu film ''[[Butta Bomma (film)|Butta Bomma]]'' (2023), an official remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Kappela]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/precocious-anikha/article3406291.ece |title=Precocious Anikha |work=The Hindu |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920205244/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/precocious-anikha/article3406291.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Anikha was born on 27 November 2004 in [[Manjeri, Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anikha Surendran: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Anikha-Surendran |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917144751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Anikha-Surendran |url-status=live}}</ref> She was educated at Nazareth School, Manjeri, and at Devagiri CMI Public School, Kozhikode.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/biography/butta-bomma-anikha-surendran-biography-movielist-images-age-instagram-780417 |title=Butta Bomma Anikha Surendran Biography: Movielist, Images, Age, Instagram |date=February 2023 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313105122/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/biography/butta-bomma-anikha-surendran-biography-movielist-images-age-instagram-780417 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is currently pursuing her studies at [[Sacred Heart College, Kochi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6BdQwMvH9t/?hl=en |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Anikha's debut as a [[child artist]] was in the film ''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]'' in 2010. Subsequently, she appeared in Tamil films, including ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'' and ''[[Viswasam]],''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=Child actor Anikha spills beans on Ajith's Viswasam |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/child-artist-anikha-spills-beans-on-ajith-s-viswasam-1393782-2018-11-22 |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608152925/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/child-artist-anikha-spills-beans-on-ajith-s-viswasam-1393782-2018-11-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the web series [[Queen (web series)|''Queen'']].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Queen Starts Ruling! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/queen-starts-ruling/articleshow/72887644.cms |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=19 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610125552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/queen-starts-ruling/articleshow/72887644.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In her first film ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]'' (2007), she had an uncredited role of a few seconds in the climax.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anikha Surendran to share screenspace with Nagarjuna in Telugu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anikha-surendran-to-share-screenspace-with-nagarjuna-in-telugu/articleshow/80836463.cms |access-date=22 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=11 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305044318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anikha-surendran-to-share-screenspace-with-nagarjuna-in-telugu/articleshow/80836463.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style=background:#ffc |{{Dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes !! class="unsortable" | Ref
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2010 || ''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]'' || Laya || rowspan="9" | [[Malayalam]]|| Malayalam debut as a child actress ||
|-
| ''[[Four Friends (2010 film)|Four Friends]]'' || Devootty || ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Race (2011 film)|Race]]'' || Achu || ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Bavuttiyude Namathil]]''||Sethu's Daughter || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[5 Sundarikal]]'' || Sethu Lakshmi ||Anthology film; Segment: ''Sethu Lakshmi''
||
|-
| ''[[Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi]]'' || Wafamol || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2014 || ''[[Nayana (2014 film)|Nayana]]'' || Nayana || ||
|-
| ''[[Onnum Mindathe]]'' || Kunchi || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
| ''[[Bhaskar The Rascal]]''|| Shivani || ||
|-
| ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''|| Isha || rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Debut as Child Actress in Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Naanum Rowdydhaan]]'' || Younger Kadhambari || ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Miruthan]]'' || Vidya || ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[The Great Father]]'' || Sara David|| rowspan="2" | Malayalam || ||
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Johny Johny Yes Appa]]''||Nandana|| ||
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Viswasam]]''||Swetha|| rowspan="2" |Tamil|| ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022||''[[Maamanithan (film)|Maamanithan]]'' ||Christy|| ||
|-
| ''[[The Ghost (2022 film)|The Ghost]]'' || Aditi ||rowspan=2|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||Debut as Child Actress in Telugu||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-ghost-movie-review-nagarjunas-actioner-is-slick-but-misses-the-bullseye/article65972107.ece |title='The Ghost' movie review: Nagarjuna's actioner is slick, but misses the bullseye |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 October 2022 |last1=Chandar |first1=Bhuvanesh |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=18 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018222404/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-ghost-movie-review-nagarjunas-actioner-is-slick-but-misses-the-bullseye/article65972107.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2023 || ''[[Butta Bomma (film)|Butta Bomma]]'' || Satya ||Debut as lead actress in Telugu||<ref name="telugudebut">{{Cite news |date=1 March 2023 |title=Butta Bomma: When and where to watch the Telugu romantic movie on OTT |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/butta-bomma-when-and-where-to-watch-the-telugu-romantic-movie-on-ott/articleshow/98329404.cms |access-date=17 March 2023 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317162124/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/butta-bomma-when-and-where-to-watch-the-telugu-romantic-movie-on-ott/articleshow/98329404.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="telugulead">{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Butta Bomma OTT Release Date: When And Where To Watch The Telugu Romantic Film |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/butta-bomma-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-telugu-romantic-film-10067148 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=English Jagran |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317162121/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/butta-bomma-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-telugu-romantic-film-10067148 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' || Jeni & Jasmine || rowspan="4" | Malayalam ||Debut as lead actress in Malayalam||<ref>{{Cite news |title='Oh My Darling' teaser: Anikha Surendran starrer promises a unique love story |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/oh-my-darling-teaser-anikha-surendran-starrer-promises-a-unique-love-story/articleshow/97647699.cms |access-date=7 February 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326005312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/oh-my-darling-teaser-anikha-surendran-starrer-promises-a-unique-love-story/articleshow/97647699.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lovefully Yours Veda (film)|Lovefully Yours Veda]]'' || Maalu || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajisha Vijayan and Sreenath Bhasi team up for 'Lovefully yours Veda', a campus drama |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-vijayan-and-sreenath-bhasi-team-up-for-lovefully-yours-veda-a-campus-drama/articleshow/93871024.cms |access-date=7 February 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207141535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-vijayan-and-sreenath-bhasi-team-up-for-lovefully-yours-veda-a-campus-drama/articleshow/93871024.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[King of Kotha]]'' || Rithu || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title='King of Kotha' will be a complete mass entertainer, says Anikha Surendran |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/king-of-kotha-will-be-a-complete-mass-entertainer-says-anikha-surendran/articleshow/98175838.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322131628/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/king-of-kotha-will-be-a-complete-mass-entertainer-says-anikha-surendran/articleshow/98175838.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| ''[[Cup (2024 film)|Cup]]'' || Nithya Rajesh || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-Basil Joseph starrer Cup confirms release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-basil-joseph-starrer-cup-confirms-release |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[PT Sir]]''|| Nandhini || rowspan="4" | Tamil || Parallel lead|| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Hip Hop Adhi's sports drama titled 'PT Sir' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hip-hop-adhis-sports-drama-titled-pt-sir/articleshow/96937405.cms |access-date=7 February 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207144148/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hip-hop-adhis-sports-drama-titled-pt-sir/articleshow/96937405.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Nilavuku En Mel Ennadi Kobam]]'' || Nila Karunakaran ||Debut as lead actress in Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Indra (2025 film)|Indra]]'' || Mathi|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-07-26 |title=Vasanth Ravi's Indra with Mehreen Pirzada gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/26/vasanth-ravis-indra-with-mehreen-pirzada-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| {{Pending film|Vasuvin Garbinigal}} || TBA|| Post-production || <ref>{{Cite web |title=கர்ப்பமாக இருக்கும் அஜித்தின் மைனர் 'மகள்' |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/ajith-kumars-reel-daughter-anikha-surendrans-pregnancy-picture-stuns-fans/articleshow/92104255.cms |access-date=7 February 2023 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207203319/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/ajith-kumars-reel-daughter-anikha-surendrans-pregnancy-picture-stuns-fans/articleshow/92104255.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Antony launches the first look poster of Tamil film 'Vasuvin Garbinigal' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-antony-launches-the-first-look-poster-of-tamil-film-vasuvin-garbinigal/articleshow/92054123.cms |access-date=7 February 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207204552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-antony-launches-the-first-look-poster-of-tamil-film-vasuvin-garbinigal/articleshow/92054123.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Short films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Network
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2012
|''Amaranth''
|Cancer patient (unnamed)
| rowspan="2" |Malayalam
|[[Surya TV]]
|Teleshort film
|
|-
|2017
|''Colours of life''
|Kanmani
|rowspan="3"|[[YouTube]]
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Maa (2018 film)|Maa]]''
|Ammu
|Tamil
|
|
<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Maa Tamil short film: Subtlety packs a punch in this Gautham Vasudev Menon venture |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/maa-tamil-short-film-subtlety-packs-a-punch-in-this-gautham-vasudev-menon-venture/story-eN9pfxPJ89B127ioTNGPrL.html |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204111752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/maa-tamil-short-film-subtlety-packs-a-punch-in-this-gautham-vasudev-menon-venture/story-eN9pfxPJ89B127ioTNGPrL.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2024||''Karthi Kalyani''||Kalyani||Malayalam|| ||
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Network
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2019
|''[[Queen (TV series)|Queen]]''
|Young Shakthi Seshadri
|Tamil
|[[MX Player]]
|Web Debut
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Song
!Language
!Singer(s)
|-
|2014
|''Ayyappa Dhinthaka''
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
|[[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|2020
|''Irukai Puratchi''
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar|GV Prakash]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''En Kadhala''
|[[Srinisha Jayaseelan]]
|-
|''Floreo''
| rowspan="2" |Malayalam
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]], Ashalata Nelson, [[Sreya Jayadeep]]
|-
|''Ormathan Edanazhiyil''
|Anju Joseph
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Award
!Year
!Category
!Film
!Ref
|-
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]||2013||Best Child Artist||''[[5 Sundarikal]]''||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sanoop-santhosh-and-baby-anikha-shared-kerala-state-film-awards-for-best-child-artists-sanoop-and-anikha-got-award-for-their-performance-in-philips-and-monkey-pen-and-anchu-sundarikal-respectively-want-to-be-a-journalist-come-to-times-school-of-journalism-visit-tcms-in/articleshow/33946197.cms |title=Anikha and Sanoop share the Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist |access-date=23 July 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420122302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sanoop-santhosh-and-baby-anikha-shared-kerala-state-film-awards-for-best-child-artists-sanoop-and-anikha-got-award-for-their-performance-in-philips-and-monkey-pen-and-anchu-sundarikal-respectively-want-to-be-a-journalist-come-to-times-school-of-journalism-visit-tcms-in/articleshow/33946197.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Asianet Film Awards]]||2011||rowspan=2|Best Child Artist||''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]''||<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/01/21/stories/2011012150960400.htm |title=Asianet's star-spangled event |date=21 January 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212134438/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2011/01/21/stories/2011012150960400.htm |archive-date=12 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2018||''[[The Great Father]]''||<ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Asianet Film Awards 2018 -Winners {{!}} Best Film, Best Actor, Best Actress |url=https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2018/05/20th-asianet-film-awards-2018-winners.html |access-date=12 June 2021 |website=Vinodadarshan |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091622/https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2018/05/20th-asianet-film-awards-2018-winners.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|JFW Movie Awards||2020||Best Child Artist||''[[Viswasam]]''||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/twin-birds-presents-jfw-movie-awards-2020-an-unforgettable-night-with-impeccable-style-and-substance/amp |title=Anikha wins the JFW Movie Awards, for the movie Viswasam |access-date=23 July 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117010420/https://jfwonline.com/article/twin-birds-presents-jfw-movie-awards-2020-an-unforgettable-night-with-impeccable-style-and-substance/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==See also==

* [[Baby Niveditha]]
* [[Nivetha Thomas]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|4171957|Anikha}}
*{{Facebook|id=AnikhaOfficial}}
*{{Instagram}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Manjeri]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-film-actor-2000s-stub}}

Ashis Pradhan

2026-02-26T12:50:20Z

MohammadMullen:

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Ashis Pradhan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|6|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Melli|Mellibazar]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]
| currentclub = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| clubnumber = 11
| position = [[Midfielder#Central midfielder|Central midfielder]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = Namchi Sports Hostel
| youthyears2 = 2012–2014
| youthclubs2 = AIFF Regional Academy
| youthyears3 = 2014–2017
| youthclubs3 = [[Tata Football Academy|Jamshedpur]]
| years1 = 2018
| clubs1 = [[Indian Arrows]]
| caps1 = 1
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2018–2020
| clubs2 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2020–2021
| clubs3 = [[Garhwal FC|Garhwal]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2021–2026
| clubs4 = [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
| caps4 = 38
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2026–
| clubs5 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps5 = 0
| goals5 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| pcupdate = 18:23, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Ashis Pradhan''' (born 5 June 1999) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder#Central midfielder|central midfielder]] for [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]].

==Career==
Born in [[Sikkim]], he hails from a [[Nepali Indian|Nepali]] [[Newar]] family. Pradhan started his career in his home state with the Namchi Sports Hostel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Young and dreaming to emulate Bhutia |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/young-and-dreaming-to-emulate-bhutia/story-UJnjcE4y1taZABxRo3rE0H.html |access-date=2 February 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 September 2012}}</ref> In 2012, he was selected to join the AIFF Regional Academy after being successful in a trial.<ref>{{cite news |title=South Sikkim's Ashish Pradhan selected for India U-14 Academy |url=http://sikkimnow.blogspot.com/2012/09/south-sikkims-ashish-pradhan-selected.html |access-date=2 February 2019 |work=Sikkim Now |date=31 August 2012}}</ref> After two years, Pradhan moved to the [[Tata Football Academy]] where he graduated from in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=19 Tata Football Academy cadets graduate in 12th convocation |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/indian-football-tata-football-academy-tfa-convocation/1d6c3srhq1w0v1snhhi43idphx |access-date=2 February 2019 |work=Goal.com |date=1 July 2018}}</ref>

On 2 January 2018, Pradhan appeared on the bench for the first time in his professional career for [[Indian Arrows]], an [[All India Football Federation]] [[I-League]] development club.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Arrows 0-2 East Bengal |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/01/02/india/i-league/aiff-xi/east-bengal-club-fc/2683995/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> On 23 February 2018, Pradhan made his professional debut for the Arrows in a league match against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]. He came on as an 85th-minute substitute for [[Suresh Singh Wangjam]] as Indian Arrows lost 3–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aizawl 3-0 Indian Arrows |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/23/india/i-league/aizawl-fc/aiff-xi/2684040/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref>

For the 2018–19 season, Pradhan joined the [[ATK Reserves and Academy|ATK Reserves]] before being promoted to the senior squad.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikkim Gold Cup 2018: Deggie Cardozo's Atk Reserves Gear Up For Maiden Challenge |url=http://atkfc.in/blog/sikkim-gold-cup-2018-deggie-cardozos-atk-reserves-gear-maiden-challenge |access-date=2 February 2019 |work=ATK Football Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194209/http://atkfc.in/blog/sikkim-gold-cup-2018-deggie-cardozos-atk-reserves-gear-maiden-challenge |archive-date=31 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==International==
Pradhan has been selected for the [[India national under-20 football team|India under-20]] side.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pradhan selected. |url=https://twitter.com/JamshedpurFC/status/908286765252751360 |website=Jamshedpur FC (Twitter)}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|8 April 2023}}<ref>{{soccerway|ashish-pradhan/530522}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian Arrows]]
|[[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League]]
|1||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|[[2018–19 ATK season|2018–19]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Super League]]
|0||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0
|-
|{{nowrap|[[2019–20 ATK season|2019–20]]}}
|0||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||1|| colspan="2" |—||3||1
|-
! colspan="2" |ATK total
!0!!0!!3!!1!!0!!0!!3!!1
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Garhwal FC|Garhwal]]
|[[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|5||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||5||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
|[[2022–23 RoundGlass Punjab F.C. season|2022–23]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|9||0||1{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||10||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!15!!0!!4!!1!!0!!0!!19!!1
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-36763-ashis-pradhan-profile Indian Super League profile].

{{Punjab FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pradhan, Ashish}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gangtok]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Tata Football Academy players]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:ATK (football club) players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Footballers from Sikkim]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Punjab FC players]]

Waluj MIDC

2026-02-24T07:49:16Z

MohammadMullen: Created a post

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{lead rewrite|date=February 2012}}
'''Waluj MIDC'''{{coord|19|49|53.88|N|75|14|4.99|E|region:IN|display=title}}
After 1960, [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] (MIDC) began acquiring land and setting up industrial estates. Land was acquired near Waluj Village on Aurangabad - Ahmednagar highway in the 1970s & 1980s.
Total notified area is 1298 hectares (12.98 km2).

==Clients==
Industries which have made Waluj their home include [[Bajaj Auto]], [[Varroc polymers pvt ltd]], [[Endurance Group]], [[Marathwada Auto Cluster]], [[Mylan Pharmaceuticals]], [[Endress+Hauser]], [[Can Pack Group]], [[Cosmo Films Group]], [[Garware Polymer]], [[BKT Tires]], [[Goodyear Tires]], [[Star Light India Ltd]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Birla Group]], [[Crompton Greaves]], [[Wockhardt]], [[Ajanta Pharma]] [[Colgate-Palmolive]], [[Kesona polymats]], [[Siemens]], [[Baxter International]], and [[MAN Diesel]], [https://jsdl.in/DT-99M1DNVK Carlsberg India, [[foster India Ltd]], [[AB InBev]], [[United Breweries]], [[Carlsberg Group]], [[Ajanta Brewery Pvt Ltd]], [[Lilasons Pvt Ltd]].
Aurangabad is now a classic example of efforts of state government towards balanced industrialisation of state.<ref>{{cite news|author=TOI|title=History revisited at Aurangabad|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/the-sunday-et/consumer-life/History-revisited-at-Aurangabad-the-city-of-gates/articleshow/4390611.cms|access-date=20 January 2010|work=The Times Of India|date=12 April 2009}}</ref>

==Waluj Mahanagar==
A new industrial cum residential township has been planned at Waluj in [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] by [[City and Industrial Development Corporation|CIDCO]]. It is 12 km southwest of [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] city and is well connected by road to the city.<ref name="Waluj Aurangabad CIDCO">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cidcoindia.com/CIDCO/waluj.aspx |title=Waluj Aurangabad CIDCO |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-date=2 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002010106/http://cidcoindia.com/cidco/waluj.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The new town is named as Waluj Mahanagar.

===New Town===
This project is approximately eight times the size of those executed in [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] city. [[City and Industrial Development Corporation|CIDCO]] has conceived Waluj as a ring township, with the ring route acting as a spine for urban activities around the industrial centre ([[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation|MIDC]]),<ref name="Chikalthana Midc">{{Cite web |url=http://www.midcindia.org/MIDCWebSite/investment/industrial/ListIndustrialArea.aspx?id=26 |title=Chikalthana Midc |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-date=28 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928143118/http://www.midcindia.org/MIDCWebSite/investment/industrial/ListIndustrialArea.aspx?id=26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with independent and inter-linked nagars spread all around the core with their strong links between workplaces and residences. The ring routes also facilitate an easy and economic transportation system to operate within the new city.
Development of Waluj is encouraged through the development of core units, boosting socio-economic development of the urban fabric. The township, when fully developed, will cover an area of around 100 km2.<ref name="Waluj Aurangabad CIDCO"/>

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ Waluj Mahanagar, Aurangabad.<ref name="Waluj Aurangabad CIDCO"/>
|-
|-
| Appointment of CIDCO as S.P.A.
| 07.10.91
|-
| Total Notified Area (Ha.)
| 8,670.00
|-
| Area in Phase I (Ha.)
| 1714.85
|-
| Area developed to date
| 160.00
|-
| Area yet to be developed (Ha.)
| 1554.00
|}

==External links==
*[http://www.cidcoindia.com/UserFiles/File/walunj(1).gif Map of Waluj Aurangabad]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics}}
{{Godavari basin}}

[[Category:Economy of Aurangabad]]
[[Category:Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Industrial parks in India]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Janakiram

2026-02-12T23:38:32Z

MohammadMullen: starting some info w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| name = Janakiram
| birth_name = Narayanan Janakiram
| birth_place = [[Trichy]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Skull base surgeon
| spouse =
| children =
| years active = 2007-present|
}}

'''Janakiram''' is an Indian doctor and film actor, who has worked on [[Tamil language]] films.

==Film career==
Janaki Ram worked on his first film ''[[Kattuviriyan]]'' in early 2007, starring as the love interest of [[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]]'s character.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/12022007-1.shtml|title=Dailynews - Malavika – from glamour to khaki!|date=13 January 2010|access-date=23 February 2023|archive-date=13 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113095148/http://cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/12022007-1.shtml|url-status=dead|work=Cinesouth}}</ref> Janaki Ram later played the lead role in ''[[Brahmadeva (film)|Brahmadeva]]'' (2009), where he appeared as a mentally-challenged person and a happy-go-lucky youngster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maudgalyan |date=17 May 2009 |title='Brahma Deva' a drab reincarnation-revenge drama (Tamil Film Review) |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/brahma-deva-a-drab-reincarnationrevenge-drama-tamil-film-review_12313 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221001417/https://www.indiaforums.com/article/brahma-deva-a-drab-reincarnationrevenge-drama-tamil-film-review_12313 |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |via=India Forums}}</ref> He also produced the film under his studio of Royal Pentagon's Productions and worked with the director to write the script.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/jan/28/on-the-seventh-sense-21217.html|title=On the seventh sense|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Medical career ==
Janakiram is known for his work on endoscopic management of [[juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma]] (JNA) and for his work in [[skull base]] surgery. He is currently the managing director of Royal Pearl Hospital in Tiruchirapally, India.

Janakiram started his academic career in India, then got trained in several countries before he started his own chain of hospitals. He is an entrepreneur now.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://insights.omnia-health.com/hospital-management/professor-narayanan-janakiram-win-award-excellence-teaching-me-oto-2020|title=Professor Narayanan Janakiram to win the award for excellence in teaching at ME OTO 2020|date=March 10, 2020|website=Omnia Health Insights|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701052921/https://insights.omnia-health.com/hospital-management/professor-narayanan-janakiram-win-award-excellence-teaching-me-oto-2020|archive-date=1 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tiruchi-surgeons-treat-pakistan-national-for-pituitary-tumour/article8231567.ece|title=Tiruchi surgeons treat Pakistan national for pituitary tumour|date=February 12, 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kattuviriyan]]'' || ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Brahmadeva (film)|Brahmadeva]]'' || Essha and Brahma || Also producer
|-
| 2023 || ''Moondram Pournami'' || ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janakiraman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Niranjana (writer)

2026-02-09T04:56:36Z

MohammadMullen: started a stub needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Niranjana
| image = File:Photograph of Kannada author Niranjana.jpg 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Kulakunda Shiva Rao
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|06|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|03|13|1924|06|15|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Writer, Novelist
| known_for =
| spouse = [[Anupama Niranjana]]
}}
'''Kulakunda Shiva Rao''' (15 June 1924 – 13 March 1992), popularly known as '''Niranjana''', was a [[Kannada language|Kannada]] playwright, novelist and a freedom fighter.<ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4048|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=4048–}}</ref><ref name="Niranjana1995">{{cite book|author=A. Niranjana|title=Coming Forth by Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhWESZO1mPEC&pg=PP5|date=1 January 1995|publisher=University of Nevada Press|isbn=978-0-86311-459-5|pages=5–}}</ref> The hardships faced during childhood shaped Niranjana's later literary career.

== Writing career ==
Niranjana wrote more than sixty books.{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}} His first published novel was ''Vimochane'' (''Wait for the moon'') published in 1953. Some of his other notable works are— ''Chirasmarane'', and ''Mrityunjaya''. He also edited Kannada translation of ''Vishwa Katha Kosha'' (''A Treasury of World Short Stories'').<ref name=Niranjana1995 /> He also translated a number of works into Kannada language.<ref name="BassnettEditor)2012">{{cite book|author1=Susan Bassnett|author2=Susan Bassnett (S Editor)|author3=Harish Trivedi|title=Postcolonial Translation: Theory and Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8YJkxXSKnIC&pg=PA179|date=12 October 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-75498-4|pages=179–}}</ref>

Niranjana was attracted to Marxism during his youth and was an active member of the [[Communist Party of India]].{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}} He became disillusioned later and left it but still continued to raise his voice for the downtrodden and oppressed through his writings. He suffered a stroke in 1971 when he was at his zenith of writing career. He wrote ''Mrityunjaya'' in 1976. ''Chirasmarane'' is based on the historic [[Kayyur]] incident of the 1940s in Kasaragod district where peasants rose against local landlords. ''Chirasmarane'' was adapted into a 1986 Malayalam movie ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' by [[Lenin Rajendran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/prominent-malayalam-film-director-lenin-rajendran-passes-away/articleshow/67531413.cms|title = Prominent Malayalam film director Lenin Rajendran passes away}}</ref>

He edited ''Vishwa Katha Kosha'', a 25-volume work which made stories from around the world available in Kannada and also worked as an editor to bring out the ''Kannada Jnana Kosha''.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Niranjana married Venkata Lakshmi, who later become a writer (with the pen name [[Anupama Niranjana]]).{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}} They have two daughters, Seemanthini and Tejaswini. His wife died of cancer in 1991. Niranjana died a year later, on 13 March 1992 in [[Hyderabad]], due to illness.<ref>{{cite web|title=Niranjana dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aZBlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2464%2C2536074|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=26 April 2017|page=1|date=14 March 1992}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* ''Vimochane'' (Wait for the Moon''<ref name="Wait for the moon">{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/Wait-Moon-Niranjana-ebook/dp/B00P1SR3FQ/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1414917782&sr=1-2&keywords=niranjana | title=Wait for the moon | accessdate=2 November 2014 | author=Niranjana| website=Amazon }}</ref>'', first novel)
* ''Chirasmarane'' (1955)
* ''Mrtyunjaya'' (1976)
* ''Vishwa Katha Kosha'' (''A Treasury of World Short Stories'',editor)
* ''Kalyaanaswamy'' (Novel)<ref name="Kalyaanaswaamy (Novel)">{{cite web | url=http://www.totalkannada.com/products/books/novels-others/kalyaanaswaamy | title=Kalyaanaswaamy | publisher=Dvk Murthy Publications | date=1956 | accessdate=2 November 2014 | author=Niranjana | pages=212 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102110921/http://www.totalkannada.com/products/books/novels-others/kalyaanaswaamy | archive-date=2 November 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Niranjana received these awards and honours—<ref name=Niranjana1995 />
* [[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award|Karnataka Sahitya Akademi Award]]{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}}
* Nehru Soviet Land Award{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Writers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Andhra Pradesh]]

Malini Kapoor

2026-02-08T12:05:18Z

MohammadMullen: new the bio added tags!

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Malini Kapoor
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Malini Kapoor
| birth_date =

| birth_place = Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2001–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Ajay Sharma |2014 }}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Shalini Kapoor Sagar]] (sister), [[Reena Kapoor]] (cousin)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/fun-zone/did-you-know/actress-malini-kapoor-and-shalini-kapoor-are-sisters-real-life|title=that actress Malini Kapoor and Shalini Kapoor are sisters in real life?|first=Tellychakkar|last=Team|website=Tellychakkar.com}}</ref>
| awards =
}}

'''Malini Kapoor''' is an Indian television and theatre actress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malini Kapoor returns to TV after three years in a stylish avatar – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/malini-kapoor-returns-to-tv-after-three-years-in-a-stylish-avatar/articleshow/81258919.cms|access-date=2022-01-24|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Television==

* Yeh Hawayein as Resham<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/yeh-hawayein/all-cast-and-crew|title=Hindi Tv Serial Yeh Hawayein – Full Cast and Crew|website=nettv4u}}</ref>
*''[[Jai Mahabharat]]'' as [[Ambalika]]
*''[[Ramayan (2002 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' as [[Shrutakirti]]
*''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''
*'' Sssshhh... Phir Koi Hai'' as Chandrika (episode – Satawan Dulha)
*''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]] ''
*''[[Zaara (TV series)]]'' as Zeenat<ref name="auto1"/>
*''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]] '' as Malini
* [[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]] as Beena Agarwal
*''[[CID (Indian TV series)]]''
* [[Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi]] as Rinku Khanna<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/malini-kapoor-to-play-ekta-in-sab-tvs-gunwale_12237|title=Malini Kapoor to play Ekta in SAB TV's Gunwale..|website=India Forums}}</ref>
* Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge as Ekta<ref name="auto"/>
*''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' as Pushpa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rashi/malini-kapoor-roped-in-for-balika-vadhu/articleshow/46781335.cms#:~:text=Actress%20Malini%20Kapoor%2C%20is%20all,in%20for%20a%20cameo%20role.|title=Malini Kapoor roped in for Balika Vadhu – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Rab Se Sohna Isshq]] as Beauty
*
* [[Rangrasiya]] as Phulwari<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/malini-kapoor-play-cameo-rangrasiya-rudra-thank-paro-unique-way-329|title=Malini Kapoor to play a cameo in Rangrasiya; Rudra to thank Paro in a unique way|first=Tellychakkar|last=Team|website=Tellychakkar.com}}</ref>
*''[[Gangaa]]'' as Ginni
*''[[Maddam Sir]]'' as Garima<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-09 |title=Exclusive – Malini Kapoor returns to TV with Maddam Sir post enjoying her motherhood phase |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-malini-kapoor-returns-to-tv-with-maddam-sir-post-enjoying-her-motherhood-phase/articleshow/80769841.cms |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*''[[Naagin 6]]'' as Meenakshi

==Personal life ==

Kapoor is married to actor Ajay Sharma. The couple gave birth to their son, Kiyan in December 2017.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Malini}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Sargam Koushal

2026-02-05T04:47:11Z

MohammadMullen: Created details

{{Short description|Indian teacher, pageant titleholder (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Sargam Koushal
| image = Sargam_Koushal.jpg
| caption = Mrs. World 2022 Sargam Koushal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|09|20}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Jammu]]
| occupation = Teacher
| spouse = {{marriage|Aditya Manohar Sharma|2017}}
| title = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mrs. India Inc]] (2022)|
[[Mrs. World]] (2022)}}
}}

'''Sargam Koushal''' (born 20 September 1990) is an Indian teacher who won the title of [[Mrs. World]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skirka |first=Hayley |date=2022-12-18 |title=Mrs UAE shines at Mrs World 2022, Mrs India wins crown |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2022/12/18/mrs-world-2022-mrs-uae-wins-gown-award-as-india-takes-pageant-crown/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Avinash |script-title=hi:सरगम कौशल ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड 2022 का खिताब, 21 साल बाद वापस लौटा 'क्राउन' |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-sargam-koushal-crowned-as-mrs-world-pageant-in-las-vegas-united-by-jury-panel-soha-ali-khan-vivek-oberoi-former-mrs-world-aditi-govitrikar-7506810.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Live Hindustan]] |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kanika |script-title=hi:सरगम कौशल ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड का खिताब, 21 साल बाद देश में लौटा ताज तो चहक उठीं पुरानी विनर |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/sargam-koushal-wins-title-of-mrs-world-2022-the-crown-returned-to-the-country-after-21-years/articleshow/96322931.cms |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansari |first=Muhammad Phayak |script-title=hi:सरगम कौशल ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड का खिताब, 21 साल बाद किसी भारतीय ने अपने नाम किया ताज |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/sargam-koushal-wins-mrs-world-2022-crown-back-in-india-after-21-years |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Prashant |date=2022-12-18 |script-title=hi:सरगम कौशल ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड 2022 का खिताब, 21 साल बाद मिला भारत को ताज |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/sargam-koushal-from-jammu-kashmir-won-mrs-world-2022-in-las-vegas-brings-back-crown-to-india-after-21-years-aditi-govitrikar-5074253.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[News18 India]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Trisha |date=2022-12-19 |title=Sargam Koushal brings Mrs World 2022 title back to India after 21 years. Twitter celebrates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/indias-sargam-koushal-wins-mrs-world-2022-title-after-21-years-people-celebrate-on-twitter-and-instagram-101671431267297.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sargam Koushal was born on 20 September 1990 to GS Kaushal and Meena Kaushal in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Titus |first=Stuti |date=2022-12-19 |title=Who is Sargam Koushal? Mrs. World Winner 2022 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/who-is-sargam-koushal-mrs-world-winner-2022-1671430002-1 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Jagran Josh]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Himanshi |date=2022-12-18 |script-title=hi:जम्मू की रहने वाली टीचर ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड 2022 का खिताब, वीडियो देख आंखें हो जाएंगी नम |url=https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/bollywood/sargam-koushal-win-title-of-mrs-world-2022-pageant-back-crown-back-after-21-years-video-make-you-cry-2022-12-18-913185 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[India TV]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Nitin |script-title=hi:सरगम कौशल ने जीता मिसेज वर्ल्ड का खिताब, क्राउन पहनते ही आंखों से छलके आंसू |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-mrs-world-2022-sargam-kaushal-sargam-koushal-win-title-of-mrs-world-2022-tears-flowed-from-her-eyes-while-wearing-crown-23262810.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref> Her father is a retired chief manager at [[Bank of India]].<ref name=":1" />

She completed her schooling at Saint Marry's Presentation Convent Senior Secondary School of Gandhi Nagar [[Jammu]], graduated from Women's College, Jammu, and earned a master's degree in English literature from the [[University of Jammu]]. She also has a B.Ed. degree from Government B.Ed. College Jammu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Vaid |first=Kritika |date=2022-12-19 |title=Meet Sargam Koushal, a Teacher by Profession Who's Now Mrs. World 2022, Know Her Education, Family, Other Deets |url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/sargam-koushal-a-teacher-by-profession-whos-now-mrs-world-2022-know-education-family-husband-other-details-5810742/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Zee Media]] |language=en}}</ref> She married Aditya Manohar Sharma on 3 December 2017<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aarzoo |date=2022-12-19 |title=Who is Mrs World 2022 Winner Sargam Koushal? Age, Husband, Photos & Facts |url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/india-news/who-mrs-world-2022-winner-sargam-koushal-age-husband-photos-facts |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=JanBharat Times |language=en-US |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219084719/https://en.janbharattimes.com/india-news/who-mrs-world-2022-winner-sargam-koushal-age-husband-photos-facts |url-status=dead }}</ref> who is an officer in the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Ankita |title=Check out Sargam Koushal's adorable pics, videos with husband Adi Koushal |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/miss-world-2022-check-out-32-yr-old-sargam-koushals-adorable-pics-videos-with-husband-2550655.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref> She worked as teacher in [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Ritika |title=Who Is Sargam Koushal? Winner Of Mrs India World 2022 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/who-is-sargam-koushal-mrs-india-world/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[SheThePeople]] |language=en-US}}</ref> After her marriage, she chose and found her passion to compete in [[beauty pageant]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khatun |first=Guriya |title=India's Sargam Koushal crowned as Mrs. World 2022, Brings Back the Crown after 21 Years |url=https://pragnews.com/national/Indias-Sargam-Koushal-crowned-as-Mrs-World-2022 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Prag News]] |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218181621/https://pragnews.com/national/Indias-Sargam-Koushal-crowned-as-Mrs-World-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
During her reign as Mrs. World 2022, Sargam Koushal became the most travelled winner in the pageant's history, visiting 10 countries including Russia, Thailand, and South Africa. This extensive travel, exceeding 75,420 miles, included crowning national Mrs. World representatives, participating in brand promotions, and community events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sargam Koushal, Mrs World 2022, Sets Unprecedented Record as the Most Travelled Mrs World Winner |website=The Great Pageant Company |date=2024-01-15 |url=https://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2024/01/16/sargam-koushal-mrs-world-2022-sets-unprecedented-record-as-the-most-travelled-mrs-world-winner/ | access-date=2024-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sargam Koushal, Mrs World 2022: «Je souhaite changer la vision sur les femmes mariées en Inde» |website=lexpress.mu |date=2023-06-18 |url=https://lexpress.mu/article/423783/interview-sargam-koushal-mrs-world-2022-je-souhaite-changer-vision-sur-femmes-mariees |language=fr | access-date=2024-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mrs. Nepal World beauty pageant today |website=[[The Rising Nepal]] |date=2024-03-30 |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/34775 | access-date=2024-03-30}}</ref>

In November 2023, Sargam Koushal visited South Africa to judge the Mrs South Africa pageant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mashel |first=Luccia |title=Mrs World 2023, Mrs South Africa, Mrs Soweto unite for transformative exploration |website=Comaro Chronicle |date=2023-11-24 |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/comaro-chronicle/news-headlines/local-news/2023/11/24/mrs-world-2023-mrs-south-africa-and-mrs-soweto-unite-for-a-transformative-exploration-in-joburg-south/ | access-date=2024-03-30}}</ref>

== Competition ==
Sargam won the title of Mrs India in June 2022 at the pageant held by [[Mrs. India Inc]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Is Sargam Koushal? Winner Of Mrs India World 2022 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/who-is-sargam-koushal-mrs-india-world/}}</ref> In 2022 [[Mrs. World]] competition, she beat 63 contestants from different countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Katira |first=Kirtika |title=India's Sargam Koushal wins Mrs World 2022 |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-indias-sargam-koushal-wins-mrs-world-2022-544284 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[WION]]}}</ref> The competition was held in [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baliarsingh |first=Cassian |title=Kashmiri girl Sargam Koushal is Mrs World 2022, brings crown back to India after 21 years |url=https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/kashmiri-girl-sargam-koushal-is-mrs-world-2022-brings-crown-back-to-india-after-21-years-192657 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Odisha TV]] |language=en}}</ref> Shaylyn Ford, 2021 Mrs. World presented crown to her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Tahir |date=2022-12-18 |title=India's Sargam Koushal Crowned Mrs World 2022 |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/indias-sargam-koushal-crowned-mrs-world-2022-watch-video-5810130/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Zee Media]] |language=en}}</ref> In the final competition she wore pink gown<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Abhilasha |date=2022-12-18 |title=Sargam Koushal from India crowned Mrs World 2022, brings back glory after 21 years |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/sargam-koushal-from-india-crowned-mrs-world-2022-brings-back-glory-after-21-years-article-96322246 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> and accessories like beautiful crystal earrings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Swati |date=2022-12-18 |title=Sargam Koushal Brings Back Crown To India After 21 Years; Details Inside |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/mrs-world-2022-sargam-koushal-brings-back-crown-to-india-after-21-years-details-inside-10057917 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=en}}</ref> Her costume was designed by Bhawna Rao.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Srimoyee |title=India's Sargam Koushal wins Mrs World 2022 title after 21 years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/indias-sargam-koushal-wins-mrs-world-2022-title-after-21-years-2310678-2022-12-18 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{instagram|sargam3}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koushal, Sargam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Women from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Models from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Female models from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Mrs. World winners]]

Ashok Sodhi

2026-01-29T00:55:10Z

MohammadMullen: Added Some Article First Draft.

{{Short description|Indian photojournalist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashok Sodhi
| native_name = {{lang|hi|अशोक सोढ़ी}}
| image = Ashok Sodhi.jpeg
| caption =
| birth_date = 21 September 1963
| birth_place = [[Jammu region]]
| death_date = 11 May 2008
| death_place = [[Samba district]], Jammu and Kashmir, India
| death_cause = Gunshot (killed in crossfire while covering an armed encounter)
| occupation = Photojournalist
| years_active = 
| employer = [[Daily Excelsior]]
| known_for = Photojournalism covering conflict and events in Jammu & Kashmir
| awards = Ashok Sodhi Memorial Photography Award (established in his memory)
}}
'''Ashok Sodhi''' (21 September 1963 – 11 May 2008) was an Indian photojournalist who died in the line of duty in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]].

== Career ==
Ashok Sodhi worked as a senior photographer for the English-language daily newspaper [[Daily Excelsior]] in Jammu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-05-12 |title=Photojournalist killed in crossfire in Kashmir |url=https://cpj.org/2008/05/photojournalist-killed-in-crossfire-in-kashmir-1/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ashok Sodhi - Trendsetter {{!}} Press Club of Jammu |url=https://www.pressclubofjammu.com/trendsetters/ashok-sodhi.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www.pressclubofjammu.com}}</ref>

== Death ==
On 11 May 2008, during an armed encounter between militants and security forces in the [[Samba district]] of Jammu (near the [[Indo-Pakistan border]]), Sodhi was covering the scene when a bullet fired amid the gun-battle struck and killed him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |date=2008-05-11 |title=Militants strike in Jammu, five killed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/militants-strike-in-jammu-five-killed-25162-2008-05-11 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

He is survived by his wife and a daughter.<ref name=":0" />

== Legacy ==
In 2015, the [[Press Club of Jammu]] instituted the ''Ashok Sodhi Memorial Award for photography'', to honour his memory and encourage professionalism among photojournalists in the region.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2015 |title=Jammu Press Club constitutes photography award |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jammu-press-club-constitutes-photography-award-115060900879_1.html |url-status=live |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashok, Sodhi}}
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian photojournalists]]
[[Category:People from Jammu]]
[[Category:1963 births]]

HMS Duchess of York (1801)

2026-01-21T21:19:32Z

MohammadMullen: starting initial article w/ infobox

{{other ships|Duchess of York (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|name=''Dutchess of York''
|namesake=[[Duchess of York]]
|ordered=
|builder=Hudson & Bacon, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=99}}
|laid_down=
|launched=1801
|acquired=
|commissioned=
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|honours=
|captured=
|fate=Sold
|notes=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=title
|country=United Kingdom
|flag= [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Red Ensign]]
|name=''Duchess of York''
|acquired=By purchase
|owner=Campbell & Hook{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=271-2}}
|builder=
|laid_down=
|yard_number=
|launched=
|fate=Wrecked 18 February 1811
|notes=
}}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|type=
|tons_burthen=192,{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=271-2}} or 198{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=99}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|length=
|beam=
|draught=
|propulsion=Sail
|speed=
|complement=25{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=271-2}}
|armament=14 guns{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=271-2}}
|notes=
}}
}}

'''''Duchess of York''''' was built in 1801 at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Company rule in India|British India]], for the [[Royal Navy]].{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=99}} She served in support of the expedition to the Red Sea (1801-1802) and apparently then was sold for the mercantile trade. She traded in the East Indies, and made some voyages to [[Port Jackson]], [[New South Wales]]. ''Duchess of York'' was wrecked along the coastline of [[Madagascar]] in 1811.{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=99}}

==Royal Navy==
''Duchess of York'', described as a "schooner", a generic term for a smaller vessel, was built for the Navy.{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=99}} Some statements of expenses for the Red Sea expedition in 1801-2 make clear that the "Duchess of York schooner" was one of "his majesty's ships".<ref>''The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, a View of the History of ...'' (1805), Vol. 7, pp.124 & 163.</ref>

In 1802 she was in the Red Sea, supporting General [[Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet|Baird's]] expedition to Egypt to help General [[Ralph Abercromby]] expel the [[France|French]] there. On 14 June the transport ''Calcutta'' wrecked on the Egyptian coast. She was carrying 331 men of the [[80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers)|80th Regiment of Foot]] and 79 native Indian followers. {{HMS|Romney|1762|2}} arrived the next day, as did two transports. Only ''Romney'' was able to get her boats out but they were able to rescue and deliver to the shore all but seven men who had died in an early attempt to reach shore. Captain Sir [[Home Riggs Popham]], in ''Romney'', left ''Duchess of York'' to salvage anything that could be salvaged and then sailed to Suez from whence he dispatched ''Wilhelmina'' to pick up the troops on the 15th and carry them back to India.<ref>''The Asiatic Annual Register; Or, A View of the History of Hindustan,: And of the Politics, Commerce, and Literature of Asia, ...'' (1803), pp.152-3.</ref>

At some point the Navy sold ''Duchess of York''. Apparently her career was so brief and limited to the Indian Ocean that no records of her service reached the Admiralty.

==Mercantile career==
''Duchess of York'', Austin Forest, master, arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 4 April 1807 from Bengal. She was primarily carrying merchandise, including an ample supply of rice; she also [[Transportation (punishment)|transported]] two military [[convicts]].<ref name=sansw>{{cite web |url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/series-list/1155 |title=NRS 1155: Musters and other papers relating to convict ships |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |publisher=State Archives of NSW |access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref>

New South Wales government records show her returning to [[Port Jackson]] on 26 October with 65 tons of [[sandalwood]] from "Feejee".{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=404-5}} She left on 24 November for "Feejees" (Fiji).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71247621 |title=Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16 |publisher= |access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> She left in ballast, but with 40 men aboard.{{sfnp|Bladen|1898|pp=404-5}} She returned again with sandalwood in January 1808.<ref name=Asiatic>''Asiatic annual register or a view of the history of Hindustan ...,'' Vol. 10, pp.84-5.</ref>

On 30 March Forrest sailed for "Feejee" again and from there intended to sail to China via an eastern route in order to sell his sandalwood there. He was unable to reach China because of unfavourable winds and so instead sailed there via the Straits of Malacca. She then was so long returning to Bengal that she was feared lost. On his way he stopped at [[Bencoolen Presidency|Bencoolen]] and sailed from there for China on 2 July.<ref name=Asiatic/>

After some 20 months, ''Duchess of York'' arrived at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] on 29 July 1808. She was four months out of [[Sumba|Sandel Island]], which was also known as Sandalwood Island.{{sfnp|Lockerby|Im Thurn|Ferdinand|1922|pp=197-99, Vol. 52}}

==Loss==
''Duchess of York'' arrived at [[Toamasina|Tamatave]], Madagascar, on 17 February 1811 with a detachment of soldiers of the [[Cheshire Regiment|22nd Regiment of Foot]] as the British were desirous of occupying the area as it was a source of provisions and cattle for [[Ile-de-France (Mauritius)|Île de France]], which they were about to attack. ''Duchess of York'' was in company with the brig {{HMS|Eclipse|1807|6}}. They landed their troops, and ''Duchess of York'' took off the French garrison. The next day the troops of the 22nd Foot and of the Bourbon rifle corps, having taken Tamatave, also took [[Foule Point]], the last French settlements on the east coast of [[Madagascar]].{{sfnp|Norie|p=271}} However, a sudden wind parted ''Duchess of York'' from her anchor. She was seen going down in deep water and observers believed that she had struck a rock. All aboard were lost.<ref>''The Literary Panorama, Being A Compendium Of National Papers And Parliamentary Reports, Illustrative Of The History, Statistics, And Commerce Of The Empire; A Universal Epitome Of Interesting And Amusing Intelligence From All Quarters Of The Globe; A Review Of Books, And Magazine Of Varieties Forming An Annual Registers'' (1812), p.511.</ref>

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Bladen |first=Frank Murcot |date=1898 |title=Historical Records of New South Wales |publisher=C. Potter |volume=6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Lockerby |editor-first1=William |editor-first2=Leonard C. (Leonard Cyril) |editor-last2=Im Thurn |editor-first3=Everard |editor-last3=Ferdinand |date=1922 |title=The journal of William Lockerby, sandalwood trader in the Fijian Islands during the years 1808-1809: with an introduction & other papers connected with the earliest European visitors to the Islands |publisher=Hakluyt Society}}
* {{cite book|first=J.W.|last=Norie|title=The naval gazetteer, biographer and chronologist; containing a history of the late wars from ... 1793 to ... 1801; and from ... 1803 to 1815, and continued, as to the biographical part to the present time|location=London|publisher=C.Wilson}}
* {{cite book|last=Phipps|first=John |year=1840|title=A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ...|publisher=Scott}}

{{1811 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duchess of York (1801 ship)}}
[[Category:1801 ships]]
[[Category:British ships built in India]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1811]]

Nav Gumbaz

2026-01-21T04:19:39Z

MohammadMullen: new first info initial version

{{Short description|Mosque in Bijapur, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{distinguish|Gol Gumbaz}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Nav Gumbaz
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Nau Gumbaz (Nav Gumbaz) in Bijapur.png
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| alt = Black-and-white image of a mosque with the arched entrances on the facade. Numerous domes and pyramid-shaped vaults can be seen surmounting the mosque
| caption = The mosque, {{circa|1916}}
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| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Nav Gumbaz | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-KA-D170 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
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The '''Nav Gumbaz''' (literally "nine domes"), also called the '''Nau Gumbaz''', is a [[mosque]] located in [[Bijapur]], in the state of [[Karnataka]], India. It was built during the reign of the [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Bijapur Sultanate]].

The mosque structure is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cousens |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Cousens |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48683/page/n99/mode/2up |title=Bījāpūr and Its Architectural Remains: With an Historical Outline of the ʻĀdil Shāhi Dynasty |date= |publisher=Government Central Press |year=1916 |location=Bombay |pages=88–89}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nav Gumbaz |url=http://www.asidharwadcircle.in/monument/nav-gumbaz/ |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]], Dharwad Circle}}</ref>

== Description ==
The architectural features of the mosque, in particular, its multiple domes, are characteristic of the architectural style of [[Gujarat Sultanate#Architecture|Gujarat]], as opposed to that of the Bijapur Sultanate. The nine domes of the mosque correspond with nine bays that the prayer hall is divided into. The central dome, as well as the four domes at the corners are segmental, while four intermediate domes have pyramidal vaults. A ''[[chhatri]]'' rises over the corners of the facade.<ref name=":0" />

The facade has three arched entrances leading into the interior. A staircase runs along the southern wall of the mosque.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Naseri |first=Pegah Zangeneh |url=https://archive.org/details/shdgnga.comparative-study-of-selected-monuments-and-paintings-at-bijapur-srirang |title=Comparative Study of Selected Monuments and Paintings at Bijapur Srirangapattana India and Isfahan Iran |date=2018 |publisher=University of Mysore |language=English}}</ref>

=== Interior ===
The interior is divided into nine bays by means of arches. The western wall of the mosque contains the ''[[mihrab]]'', which is built out of polished black [[basalt]], as well as [[Quran|Quranic]] inscriptions. A large inscription, which includes the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] creed, is also present.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
[[File:Plan_of_the_Nau_Gumbaz,_Bijapur.png|thumb|Plan of the Nav Gumbaz (west-up). The interior of the mosque is divided into nine bays, each corresponding with a dome.]]
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:Architecture of the Deccan sultanates]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Karnataka]]

Leelamma Koshie

2025-11-22T13:39:19Z

MohammadMullen: new first details w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian woman engineer (1923–1989)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Leelamma Koshie''' (30 March 1923 - 1989, {{nee}} '''Leelamma George''')<ref name=mohan>{{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Shantha |title=Roots and Wings: Inspiring Stories of Indian Women in Engineering |date= 2018 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64429-133-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zhsDwAAQBAJ&dq=koshie+leelamma&pg=PT26 |access-date=1 November 2024 |language=en |chapter=Leelamma (George) Kochie: Kerala's First Woman Engineer: the Resilient Builder}}</ref> was a pioneering female Indian civil engineer. She was one of the group of three women who were the first women engineers in India, with [[Ayyalasomayajula Lalitha]] and [[P. K. Thressia]].<ref name="dsouza">{{cite news |last1=Dsouza |first1=Krystelle |title=History in Pics: 8 Women Engineers Whose Victories Led India Into a Future Full of Innovations |url=https://thebetterindia.com/333726/women-engineers-in-indian-history-a-lalitha-ila-majumdar-innovation/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=The Better India |date=7 November 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007081225/https://thebetterindia.com/333726/women-engineers-in-indian-history-a-lalitha-ila-majumdar-innovation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They qualified at [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] (CEG) in 1944.<ref name="icei">{{cite book |title=Compendium on 75 Women Engineer Jewels of India |date=2021 |publisher=Institution of Civil Engineers, India |page=3 |url=https://ice.net.in/newsletter/75women.pdf |access-date=1 November 2024 |chapter=Leelamma (George) Koshie |archive-date=13 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241013141620/https://ice.net.in/newsletter/75women.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Leelamma George was born on 30 March 1923 to [[Saint Thomas Christians]] parents A. K. George and Annama George, in Kerala. Her father had been educated in England. She started school in [[Trivandrum]] at the aged of six and graduated from high school after only six years; she gained high distinction in her intermediate examinations, the level before university, at the age of 14. Her father was eager for her to study medicine, and she enrolled at the [[Christian Medical College, Ludhiana]], a five-day train journey away. She completed one year of studies but left during the second year because she had an aversion to the [[dissection]] necessary for the [[anatomy]] course. After a brief spell at the [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]] she discontinued medical studies and entered [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] (CEG) in [[Chennai]] at the age of 16.<ref name=mohan />

At CEG she was one of the first three female students along with [[Ayyalasomayajula Lalitha]], with whom she shared accommodation, and [[P. K. Thressia]], whose family home was in Chennai. Kochie and Lalitha wrote an essay "Eves in Engineering" in 1941, which was republished in the college's bicentenary volume ''Survey School to Tech Temple, 1794-1994''. They urged the provision of female accommodation on campus, and encouraged other women:{{quote| "May we appeal to all our sisters to follow the lead which has been our luck and fortune to have taken on ourselves ... Can half the population of the world afford to be ignorant of a science and profession responsible for the creation and maintenance of the present-day civilisation?"}}
She graduated from CEG aged 19, with a degree with distinction, one of the top three students of the university.<ref name=mohan />

==Career==

After she graduated, she worked in the [[Travancore]] [[public works]] department (PWD) as a junior engineer.<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=5 Women Who Broke Shackles And Inspired The Womankind To Dream |url=https://gosmartbricks.com/5-women-who-broke-shackles-and-inspired-the-womankind-to-dream/ |website=Go Smart Bricks |access-date=1 November 2024 |date=5 March 2021}}</ref> The [[maharani]] of Travancore, [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]], sponsored Koshie to travel to England to continue her education, promising her promotion on her return, and she studied [[town planning]]. She was reluctant to travel to England as her father was unwell, but he persuaded to go. He died in 1945, during her absence. After studying in England she travelled in Eastern Europe before returning to India in 1947, where the struggle for independence meant that the promised promotion did not materialise.<ref name=mohan />

Koshie spent the rest of her career in the Travancore PWD, involved in many projects including housing developments. When she retired in 1978 she was the Deputy Chief Engineer.<ref name=mohan /><ref name=icei />

She is recognised as one of India's pioneering women engineers.<ref name="india-today">{{cite news |title=Women in Engineering Day: 9 pioneering women engineers who made history in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/international-women-in-engineering-day-first-women-engineers-in-india-2396989-2023-06-23 |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=India Today |date=23 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730181813/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/international-women-in-engineering-day-first-women-engineers-in-india-2396989-2023-06-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Leelamma George married Thomas Koshie in 1949. He had never left Kerala and worked in the Accountant General's office, so their experiences had been very different, but he shared her [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christian]] faith. They had three sons who all entered engineering professions: mechanical engineering, metallurgy and software.<ref name=mohan />

She retired in 1978 and soon afterwards was diagnosed with [[breast cancer]], but after treatment lived another 11 years. She was involved in her church's planning of an extension, read the whole [[Bible]] twice in her retirement, founded a Christian women's group called Christujyothi, and assisted with slum improvement programmes in the Chenkachoola slum area of Trivandrum. She died in 1989.<ref name=mohan />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koshie, Leelamma}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian civil engineers]]
[[Category:Women from Kerala]]
[[Category:Engineers from Kerala]]

2017 in Kerala

2025-11-14T16:21:51Z

MohammadMullen:

{{Year in Kerala}}

Events in the year '''2017''' in '''Kerala'''.

== Incumbents ==
[[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] – [[P. Sathasivam]]

[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief minister of Kerala]] – [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]

== Events ==

* January 3 – [[Kerala Rail Development Corporation]] is incorporated.
* January 6 - Jishnu Pranoy, an 18 year old engineering student of [[Nehru College of Engineering and Research Centre]] commits suicide following torture from college authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-01|title=Jishnu Pranoy death: Mother devastated after CBI absolves Nehru Group's Krishnadas|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jishnu-pranoy-death-his-mother-devastated-cbi-absolved-nehru-groups-krishnadas-109791|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>
* January 10 - [[Supreme Court of India]] bench headed by [[Jagdish Singh Khehar]] asks [[Government of Kerala]] to pay Rs. 500 crores of compensation to 5200 [[Endosulfan tragedy in Kerala|Endosulfan victims]] of [[Kasaragod district]] within 90 days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tracking decades-long endosulfan tragedy in Kerala |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/health/tracking-decades-long-endosulfan-tragedy-in-kerala-56788 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2022-05-16 |title=Kerala did virtually nothing for Endosulfan victims for 5 years: SC |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala-did-virtually-nothing-for-endosulfan-victims-for-5-years-sc/article65420193.ece |access-date=2023-09-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* February 17 - [[Sexual assault]] against [[Malayalam cinema]] actress [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] by a gang who was allegedly sent by [[Dileep]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Bhavana Menon- Dileep sexual assault case: A timeline of events |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bhavana-menon-dileep-sexual-assault-case-a-timeline-of-events-444194 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref>
* February 25 - [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] addresses a [[Religious harmony in India|''Souhardha Rally'']] organised by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] in [[Mangalore]] defying threats from [[Sangh Parivar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangaluru: Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan arrives in city amid high security |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=439965 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>
* March 6 - In relation to corruption case in [[Malabar Cements Limited]], industrialist V.M. Radhakrishnan surrendered before Vigilance and Anti Corruption Bureau, Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Controversial Kerala industrialist V M Radhakrishnan surrenders before Vigilance officials |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/mar/06/controversial-kerala-industrialist-v-m-radhakrishnan-surrenders-before-vigilance-officials-1578262.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* March 21 - Riyas Moulavi, [[Muezzin]] of a [[Mosque]] in [[Kasaragod]] stabbed and killed within mosque premises by allegedly [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] workers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kasaragod Riyas Moulavi murder: Prosecution fails to prove motive, all three accused acquitted |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/03/30/riyas-moulavi-murder-case-court-acquitts-all-accused.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref>
* March 26 – Minister [[A. K. Saseendran]] resigns following [[sexual misconduct]] charges.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala minister A K Saseendran resigns over allegations of sexual misdemeanour|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kerala-minister-a-k-saseendran-quits-over-sleaze-talk/articleshow/57839111.cms|access-date=2022-01-23}}</ref>
* March 31 - [[State Bank of Travancore]] merged with [[State Bank of India]].
* April 5 - A [[Psychopathy|psychopath]] son kills four family members including his parents in Nanthancode.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanthancode multiple murder accused Cadell put on ventilator |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2018/01/27/nanthancode-murder-cadell-put-on-ventilator-critical-condition.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref>
* April 10 - Road traffic through [[Main Central Road]] diverted through [[Bailey bridge]] due to structural issues of [[Enathu Bridge]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-08-02 |title=Bailey’s decades-old history in Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/02/baileys-decades-old-history-in-kerala |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* June 15 - [[Communist Party of India]] issues strong warning to its [[Nattika Assembly constituency]] MLA [[Geetha Gopi]] for ostentatious wedding of her daughter in [[Guruvayur]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-15 |title=CPI censures woman MLA Geetha Gopi over daughter’s ‘extravagant’ wedding |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cpi-censures-woman-mla-geetha-gopi-over-daughters-extravagant-wedding-4706007/ |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* June 17 - [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] inaugurates [[Kochi Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-19|title=Kochi Metro inauguration highlights: PM Modi inaugurates rail service, says coaches reflect ‘Make in India’ vision|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kochi-metro-inauguration-live-updates-kerala-pm-narendra-modi-pinarayi-vijayan-kmrl-e-sreedharan-4708246/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* July 3 – The [[Supreme Court of India]] declares the Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox Church legal and valid, and applicable to all the parishes under the control of both [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite]] and [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Orthodox]] factions in the K.S. Varghese & Others v/s St Peter's & Paul's Syrian Orthodox Church & Others case.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-04|title=The Church dispute in Kerala: what Supreme Court ordered, government failed to do|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-church-dispute-in-kerala-what-supreme-court-ordered-government-failed-to-do-5813728/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* October 21 – [[District magistrate]] [[Alappuzha]], [[T. V. Anupama]] submits a report to [[Government of Kerala]] which confirms that the Lake Palace resort owned by Minister of Transport [[Thomas Chandy]] violated the [http://sanitation.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/the-kerala-conservation-of-paddy-land-and-wetland-act-2008.pdf Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wet Land Act 2008] by encroaching upon [[Kuttanad]] paddy fields and [[Vembanad]] wetlands.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 22, 2017|first=P. S. Gopikrishnan|last=Unnithan|title=Kerala: Collector submits report in land grab case against Transport Minister Thomas Chandy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/collector-land-grab-case-transport-minister-thomas-chandy-1068904-2017-10-22|access-date=2022-01-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-16|title=Report on Lake Palace Resort to seek changes|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/161017/report-on-lake-palace-resort-to-seek-changes.html|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>
* November 1 - [[Women in Cinema Collective]] formed.
* November 15 – Minister of Transport [[Thomas Chandy]] resigns following allegations about him over Lake Palace resort, [[Alappuzha]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 6, 2017|first=P. S. Gopikrishnan|last=Unnithan|title=Kerala: Transport Minister Thomas Chandy to face more trouble in Lake Palace Resort case|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-transport-minister-thomas-chandy-lake-palace-resort-1080357-2017-11-06|access-date=2022-01-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
* November 20 - [[List of Passport Offices in India|Regional Passport Office Malappuram]] stops its operation and gets merged with RPO Kozhikode.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first= |date=2017-10-20 |title=Malappuram to lose passport office, finally |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/201017/malappuram-to-lose-passport-office-finally.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>
* November - [[Cyclone Ockhi]] claims 200 lives in [[Kanyakumari]] and more than 60 in [[Kerala]].

== Deaths ==

* March 13 – [[Diphan]], 45, [[film director]]
* April 13 – Munshi Venu, 63, actor
* May 20 - [[Mathunny Mathews]], 81, businessman famous for [[1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait]].
* August 28 – Santhi Mohandas, 36, dancer and wife of [[Bijibal]]
* October 24 – [[I. V. Sasi]], 69, [[film director]]
* November 30 – [[Kalabhavan Abi]], 52, [[mimicry]] artist

== See also ==

* [[History of Kerala]]
* [[2017 in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:2010s in Kerala]]

Saint Thomas Christian music

2025-11-12T23:31:01Z

MohammadMullen: update intro per standard format and added references

{{Nasrani people}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
'''Saint Thomas Christian music''' refers to the [[music]]al traditions of the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is chiefly [[liturgical music|liturgical]] and is derived from ancient [[Syriac Christian]] music from the [[Middle East]], with remarkably little influence from local Indian styles. Of particular significance is the prevalence of the [[organum]] singing style. As a result of the community's isolation and conservatism, these traditions may retain elements of the earliest forms of [[Early Christian music]].

==History==
The [[Saint Thomas Christians]] trace their origins to the evangelical activity of [[Thomas the Apostle]] in the 1st century. The community grew under the influence of migration from Syrians, members of the [[Church of the East]]. The community's modern musical traditions may be derived from this connection.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 83–85|publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref> Into the 20th century, Saint Thomas Christian liturgy was performed and sung in the [[Syriac language]], though today this largely has been replaced with the local language, [[Malayalam]].<ref name=Ross85>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |page= 85|publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref> Due to the community's resistance to outside influence and isolation, the music of the Saint Thomas Christians may preserve elements of the earliest forms of Christian music.<ref name=Ross80>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 80–98 |publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref>

Scholar Israel J. Ross compares Saint Thomas Christian music to that of the [[Jews]] in Kerala. [[Jewish music]] influenced the early Christian music ancestral to the Saint Thomas Christian forms, and Jews have lived in similar conditions to the Thomas Christians in [[Kerala]] for centuries.<ref name=Ross80/> As such, Christian and Jewish music and culture in Kerala feature many parallels and similarities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 80–81 |publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref> For example, a Saint Thomas Christian blessing given by a dying father to his children is similar to the Jewish [[Amidah]].<ref name=Ross82>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |page= 82|publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref> These similarities may reflect a common origin in the ancient Middle East.<ref name=Ross88>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 88 |publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref>

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="40%"
|- style="border: solid 1px"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#fafad2;"|The Saint Thomas Christian father's blessing, as compared to the Jewish [[Amidah]]
|-
! colspan="1" style="background:#fafad2;"| Saint Thomas Christian blessing
! colspan="1" style="background:#fafad2;"| [[Amidah]]
|-
| God gave his blessing to Abraham, Abraham gave that blessing to Isaac, Isaac gave that blessing to Jacob, Jacob ...to my forefathers, My forefathers...my parents, And my parents...to me, Now, dear son (daughter), I give that blessing to you.
|| Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, and God of our fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, the great, mighty and revered God...
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#ffffe0;"| Ross 1979
|-
|}

==Structure==
Saint Thomas Christian music derives from archaic Syriac forms, with little discernible influence from [[Indian classical music]] or other local traditions.<ref name=Ross80/> [[Liturgical music]] is performed in two [[mode (music)|modes]]: ''kadmoyo'' and ''hamisoyo''. These are similar to the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''[[maqama]]t'' and may be derived from an ancient [[Syriac sacral music|Syriac system]] that existed in the Middle East in the early centuries of Christianity, and which may be related to the system known as [[oktoechos]].<ref name=Ross85/> Intonation is similar to the Syriac standard, featuring no [[augmented second]] or [[microtonal]] alteration characteristic of Indian music.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 86 |publisher= University of Texas Press |doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor=833968}}</ref>

The [[organum]] singing style is common in Saint Thomas Christian music. It appears in [[antiphons]], [[responsory|responsories]], and [[hymn]]s. Ross notes that this is found among three other disparate and isolated cultures: the nearby [[Cochin Jews]], the [[Yemenite Jews]], and the [[Samaritans]]. Organum may be sung in either duplum or triplum. In the former it is sung in the [[Perfect fifth|fifth]] when the boys and men sing together with the [[cantus firmus]] in the upper voice, or in the [[perfect fourth|fourth]] when the groups sing alone. In triplum it is sung in the fourth and octave.<ref name=Ross88/>

[[File:CommonOriginJewishandKeralaNasrani.JPG|Similarities in traditional liturgical music of Kerala Jews and Nasranis (Syrian Christians)]]

The [[Margam Kali]] is a traditional Saint Thomas Christian dance. The accompanying music is performed by a choir singing in Syriac chant, with a ''sleeyankolu'' ([[Triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]]) maintaining rhythm. Another traditional instrument is the [[violin]] or ''revekka''.<ref name= Choondal>Chummar Choondal (1983). "Christian folk songs". ''Kerala Folklore Academy'', p 56.</ref>

==Chant accentuation==
Traditional chant accentuation derives from the Syriac standard, which was instituted by the scholars known as the [[Masoretes]] in the Middle Ages. The form is similar to that codified by the [[Hebrew]] [[Linguist|grammarians]] of [[Tiberias]] for Jewish cantillation of the Bible. It features dot notation above, below, and to the side of words in the text. The names of the notations are expressive, reflecting the style of Syriac Bible reading and chant in general.<ref name=Ross83>{{cite journal |last1= Ross |first1= Israel J. |year= 1980 |title= Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala |journal= Asian Music |volume= 11 |issue= 1 |pages= 83|publisher= University of Texas Press|doi= 10.2307/833968 |jstor= 833968}}</ref>

==Thoma Parvam==
One important Saint Thomas Christian song is the "Thoma Parvam", or "Song of Thomas".<ref>{{cite book |title= Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present |last= Frykenberg |first= Eric |year= 2008 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-826377-7 |page= 92}}</ref> The song contains a [[colophon (publishing)|colophon]] claiming it was first written in 1601 by a certain Maliekel Thoma Ramban, though the manuscripts are of a much later date. The words give an account of [[Thomas the Apostle]]'s purported evangelical work in India in the 1st century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Thoma |first1= P. J. |year= 1984 |title= The South Indian Tradition of the Apostle Thomas |journal= Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume= 56 |pages= 83–85|url= http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=5702828&jid=JRA&volumeId=56&issueId=S1&aid=5702820}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Society of Kerala]]
[[Category:Christian liturgical music]]
[[Category:Music history]]
[[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]

Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan

2025-10-21T18:55:26Z

MohammadMullen: improve section per standard format and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kazim Ali Khan
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Suar (Assembly constituency)|Suar]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = Mar 2012
| term_end = Mar 2017
| predecessor = ''himself''
| successor = [[Abdullah Azam Khan]]
| constituency2 = [[Suar (Assembly constituency)|Suar]]
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = May 2007
| term_end2 = Mar 2012
| predecessor2 = ''himself''
| successor2 = ''himself''
| constituency3 = [[Suar (Assembly constituency)|Suar]]
| office3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = Feb 2002
| term_end3 = May 2007
| predecessor3 = Shiv Bahadur Saxena
| successor3 = ''himself''
| constituency4 = [[Bilaspur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bilaspur]]
| office4 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = Oct 1996
| term_end4 = Mar 2002
| predecessor4 = Harendra Singh
| successor4 = Beena Bhardwaj
| office5 =
| term_start5 =
| term_end5 =
| predecessor5 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|10|16}}<ref name="Member Profile">{{cite news|title=Member Profile|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|U.P. Legislative Assembly]] website|accessdate=1 September 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/32.pdf}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rampur district|Rampur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| parents = [[Zulfikar Ali Khan]] (father)<ref name="Member Profile"/> [[Noor Bano (politician)|Noor Bano]]
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| otherparty =
| spouse = Yaseen Sultan Jahan<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| partner =
| relations =
| children = 2
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]]<ref name="Candidate affidavit">{{cite news|title=Candidate affidavit|publisher=My neta.info|accessdate=1 September 2015|url=http://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=2227}}</ref>
| occupation =
| profession = [[Agriculturist]], [[businessperson]], [[Architect]] & Politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = [[Order (honour)|Honours]]
| data1 = [[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)]] [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I]] Order of Saint James of the Sword
}}

'''Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan''' is an Indian politician and former member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of India.<ref name="Member Profile"/><ref name="Candidate affidavit"/> Khan represented the [[Bilaspur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bilaspur Assembly constituency]] and the [[Suar Assembly constituency]] over 4 terms.<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref><ref name="2007 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref><ref name="2002 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from constituency|publisher=elections.in|access-date=1 September 2015|url=http://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=2227}}</ref> In 2003 he was briefly the state minister for Minority Welfare and Hajj Affairs. Since 2003, he has been the Chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Personal life==
Khan was born into the [[Rampur State|Royal House of Rampur]] in [[Rampur district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. Khan attended the [[Chandigarh College of Architecture]] and attained [[Bachelor of Architecture]] degree. Then he matriculated to [[Columbia University]] and attained a [[Master of Architecture]] & [[Design management]] degree. Khan has also been accorded with [[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)]] honor.<ref name="Member Profile"/><ref name="Candidate affidavit"/>

On 24 December 1986 at Bangalore, Khan married Yaseen Sultan Jahan (born 26 March 1968), the younger daughter of Abdul Rashid Khan of the erstwhile [[Savanur State]]. The couple has two sons: Mohammad Khan Wali Ahad Bahadur (born 16 February 1988). On 8 December 2017, at [[New Delhi]], he married Aayat Zamani Begum (born at [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]], 28 June 1990), ''née'' Shazli Noor Zafar, [[Ernst & Young]] Consultant, youngest daughter of Iqbal Zafar, of [[Kanpur]], UP, by his wife, Farah Begum.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Castel, Pierre|url=https://www.pointdevue.fr/royal/couronnes-du-monde/ali-mohammed-khan-et-shazli-noor-zafar-le-mariage-dun-prince-au-grand-coeur|title=Ali Mohammed Khan et Shazli Noor Zafar, le mariage d’un prince au grand coeur|work=Point de vue|language=fr|date=26 January 2018|accessdate=6 May 2024}}</ref>
*Haider Ali Khan (born 18 March 1990).

==Political career==
Khan was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for four straight terms. During his first term, he represented the Bilaspur assembly constituency. He then represented the Suar constituency for three terms. He has twice been Minister in [[Samajwadi Party|Samajwadi]] as well as [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] governments.<ref name="Member Profile"/><ref name="Candidate affidavit"/> On 14 June 2016 he was expelled from [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-throws-out-six-mlas-in-uttar-pradesh/article8729057.ece 6 MLA's Expelled from INC]</ref> for cross voting in Rajya Sabha Elections.

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || 1996 || 2002 || Member, [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
| 02 || 2002 || 2007 || Member, [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
| 03 || 2007 || 2012 || Member, [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Legislative Assembly]] || In May 2007 he resigned but was re-elected in the [[by-election]]
|-
| 04 || 2012 || 2017|| Member, [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
|}

==Awards and honours==
*[[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)|Order of the Griffon]]<ref name="Member Profile"/>
*Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I]]<ref name="Priya2024">{{cite web |title=रामपुर: नवाब काज़िम अली ख़ान को मिला हवाई द्वीप के साम्राज्य कामेहामेहा का सर्वोच्च सम्मान |url=https://www.amritvichar.com/article/435151/rampur--nawab-kazim-ali-khan-received-the-highest-honor-of-kamehameha--the-empire-of-hawaiian-islands |publisher=Amrit Vichar |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=hi |date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
*Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword (Kongo)<ref name="Khan2025">{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Shannu |title=रामपुर के नवाब खानदान को मिला अंतरराष्ट्रीय सम्मान:कोंगो साम्राज्य ने नवेद मियां और उनके दो बेटों को दिया ग्रैंड क्रॉस सम्मान |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/rampur/news/rampurs-nawab-family-received-international-honor-134298014.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |access-date=15 January 2025 |date=15 January 2025}}</ref>

==Titles==
*1960-1971: [[Nawabzada]] [[Sayyid]] Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan, Wali Ahad Bahadur

==See also==
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Muhammad Kazim Ali}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Rampur district]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation alumni]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows

2025-09-09T05:50:57Z

MohammadMullen: Starting A Info Added Tags

{{Short description|2017 novel by Balli Kaur Jaswal}}
{{italictitle}}
[[File:Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows.jpg|thumb|First edition]]
'''''Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows''''' is a 2017 novel by Singaporean<ref name=Milne>{{cite web|author=Milne, Rosie|url=https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2100034/book-review-erotic-stories-punjabi-widows-singaporean-authors-novel|title=Book review: Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows - Singaporean author’s novel blends romantic comedy with family saga|agency=[[Asian Review of Books]]|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=2017-06-27|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430115425/http://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2100034/book-review-erotic-stories-punjabi-widows-singaporean-authors-novel|archive-date=2018-04-30|url-status=live}} - [http://asianreviewofbooks.com/content/erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows-by-balli-kaur-jaswal/ See post at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005343/http://asianreviewofbooks.com/content/erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows-by-balli-kaur-jaswal/ |date=2018-12-01 }} ''[[Asian Review of Books]]''</ref> author [[Balli Kaur Jaswal]], published by [[William Morrow and Company|Morrow]]/[[HarperCollins]]. It is the third novel written by Jaswal.<ref name=CBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thenextchapter/full-episode-july-14-2018-1.4362181/if-you-liked-erotic-stories-for-Brez-punjabi-widows-you-ll-love-1.4362213|title=If you liked Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows, you'll love...|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]|date=2018-07-13|access-date=2018-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822064900/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thenextchapter/full-episode-july-14-2018-1.4362181/if-you-liked-erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows-you-ll-love-1.4362213|archive-date=2018-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
The main character, Nikki Grewal, is a 22-year-old woman in [[London]],<ref name=Milne/> who dropped out of law school and works at O’Reilly's pub, going against the expectations of her Punjabi Sikh family. Nikki is intrigued when her sister Mindi, a nurse who is making enough money to support herself, chooses to do an [[arranged marriage]].<ref name=Kirkus>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/balli-kaur-jaswal/erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows/|title=EROTIC STORIES FOR PUNJABI WIDOWS|magazine=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|date=2017-03-21|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005142/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/balli-kaur-jaswal/erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows/|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}} - Print date: April 1, 2017.</ref> She chooses to become a creative writing teacher,<ref name=Milne/> for the Sikh Community Association,<ref name=Kirkus/> located in [[Southall]].<ref name=Milne/> Her students, older women whose husbands had died,<ref name=Kirkus/> have difficulties with English. The women begin to tell stories about their sexual lives after they encounter a copy of ''Red Velvet: Pleasurable Stories for Women'' that Nikki brought.
==Reception==
''[[The Economist]]'' praised the book, stating it is a "funny and moving tale of desire and its discontents."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2017/03/30/balli-kaur-jaswal-has-written-a-new-type-of-erotic-novel|title=Balli Kaur Jaswal has written a new type of erotic novel|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=2017-03-30|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130185756/https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2017/03/30/balli-kaur-jaswal-has-written-a-new-type-of-erotic-novel|archive-date=2018-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rosie Milne of the ''[[Asian Review of Books]]'' gave the book 3.5 stars. Milne stated that the word used are "vivid" and that the author "gives voices to women who are generally voiceless, and ignored, and she lets them talk about sex to boot."<ref name=Milne/>

[[Kirkus Reviews]] stated that the story "enchants".<ref name=Kirkus/>

Aparita Bhandari, a columnist for the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]], stated that it was a "lively, sexy and thought-provoking east-meets-west story".<ref name=CBC/>

[[Saadia Faruqi]], author of ''Brick Walls: Tales of Hope and Courage from Pakistan'', described the book as "a masterpiece" and that " It entertains, it teaches, it shatters all preconceived ideas of what intra-community tensions look like."<ref>{{cite web|author=Faruqi, Saadia|authorlink=Saadia Faruqi|url=https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/punjabi-widows|title=Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows: A Novel|work=[[New York Journal of Books]]|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005300/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/punjabi-widows|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018 [[Reese Witherspoon]] added the book to her reading list.<ref>{{cite web|author=Trombetta, Sadie|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/reese-witherspoon-has-chosen-erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows-for-her-book-club-this-month-8421226|title=Reese Witherspoon Has Chosen 'Erotic Stories For Punjabi Widows' For Her Book Club This Month|publisher=[[Bustle (website)|Bustle]]|date=2018-03-06|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130191920/https://www.bustle.com/p/reese-witherspoon-has-chosen-erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows-for-her-book-club-this-month-8421226|archive-date=2018-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref> Witherspoon stated it was "a mystery, a romance, a family drama....and yes it's 🔥 🔥 🔥!"<ref>{{cite news|author=Cadden, Mary|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2018/03/09/reese-witherspoons-erotic-recommendation-and-more-celebrity-book-club-picks/409080002/|title=Reese Witherspoon's 'Erotic' obsession, and more celebrity book club picks|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=2018-03-09|accessdate=2018-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201052728/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2018/03/09/reese-witherspoons-erotic-recommendation-and-more-celebrity-book-club-picks/409080002/|archive-date=2018-12-01|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian community of London]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* ''[https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062645128/erotic-stories-for-punjabi-widows/ Erotic Stories for Punjabi Widows]'' - [[HarperCollins]]

[[Category:2017 novels]]
[[Category:Singaporean novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in London]]
[[Category:William Morrow and Company books]]

Hanuman Dandi temple

2025-08-26T13:55:13Z

MohammadMullen: starting initial place w/ infobox

{{Short description|Hanuman ji temple in Beyt Dwarka}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Hanuman Dandi Temple
| image = Hanuman-Dandi-Temple-dwarka.jpg
| caption =
| map_type = India Gujarat
| map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| location = Beyt Dwarka
| elevation_m =
| architecture = [[Hindu temple architecture]]
| year_completed =
| website =
| deity = [[Hanuman]] and [[Makaradhwaja]]
}}

The '''Hanuman Dandi Temple''' is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Hindu temple|temple]] located on [[Bet Dwarka|Beyt Dwarka]], an island off the coast of [[Gujarat]], [[India]], dedicated to the [[Hindu deities|deity]] [[Hanuman]] and his son [[Makaradhwaja|Makardhwaj]]. Situated approximately 5 kilometers from the [[Dwarkadhish Temple]] in Bet Dwarka, this temple is unique as it features idols of Hanuman and Makardhwaj, showcasing a rare depiction of Hanuman, who is traditionally considered a celibate, with his progeny.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bet Dwarka – Dandi Hanuman {{!}} District Devbhumi Dwarka, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://devbhumidwarka.nic.in/tourist-place/bet-dwarka-dandi-hanuman/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Legend ==
According to [[Hindu mythology|mythology]], during the battle of [[Ramayana]], [[Hanuman]] encountered [[Makaradhwaja|Makardhwaj]], who was born from Hanuman's sweat droplets consumed by a fish. The temple commemorates their meeting and represents themes of duty, valor, and familial bonds in the lore of Hanuman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-03 |title=all about lord Hanuman and Hanuman Chalisa» Blog Archive » Lord Hanuman and Makardhwaja, his son |url=http://www.lordhanuman.info/index.php/lord-hanuman-and-makardhwaja-his-son |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203224758/http://www.lordhanuman.info/index.php/lord-hanuman-and-makardhwaja-his-son |archive-date=2011-12-03 }}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The [[Hindu temple architecture|temple architecture]] embodies typical elements of Gujarati design but is notably simplistic, focusing on the sanctity of the [[Murti|idols]] rather than ornate embellishment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=renu |date=2019-02-21 |title=Hanuman Dandi Temple Dwarka {{!}} Hanuman Dandi Temple Dwarka Trip {{!}} Dwarka City |url=https://tours.sacredyatra.com/dwarka/hanuman-dandi-temple/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Religious & Pilgrimage Tour Packages}}</ref>

== Pilgrimage ==
Hanuman Dandi Temple is a significant [[pilgrimage]] site, attracting devotees who come to pay homage to Hanuman and explore the unique father-son relationship depicted between Hanuman and Makardhwaj.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Dwarkadhish Temple]]
* [[Bet Dwarka]]
* [[Shivrajpur beach]]
* [[Sudarshan Setu]]

{{Ramayana}}

[[Category:Hindu temples]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Ghugiana

2025-08-13T21:44:02Z

MohammadMullen: created new data - done

{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ghugiana
| native_name = ਘੁਗਿਆਣਾ
| native_name_lang = pa
| other_name =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = ।ndia Punjab
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|india}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = block
| parts = Faridkot
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_m = 185
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_total = 2852
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Faridkot, India|Faridkot]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}
'''Ghugiana''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: '''ਘੁਗਿਆਣਾ''') is a village in [[Faridkot district]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Villages and Category |url=http://pbplanning.gov.in/districts/Kot%20Kapura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324013514/http://pbplanning.gov.in/districts/Kot%20Kapura.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-24 |website=pbplanning.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ਘੁਗਿਆਣਾ · ਪੰਜਾਬ 151203, ਭਾਰਤ |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ghugiana,+Punjab+151203/@30.7432737,74.6333884,15z/data=!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x3919e1ac5b2a70ed:0x9dddd657266d4e32!2sGhugiana,+Punjab+151203!3b1!8m2!3d30.743888!4d74.6444348!16s/g/1tph03ll!3m5!1s0x3919e1ac5b2a70ed:0x9dddd657266d4e32!8m2!3d30.743888!4d74.6444348!16s/g/1tph03ll?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDQxNi4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=ਘੁਗਿਆਣਾ · ਪੰਜਾਬ 151203, ਭਾਰਤ |language=pa-US}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Village is located in Faridkot tehsil of Faridkot district. Its area is 950 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghugiana (20) village in Faridkot taluka, Faridkot, Punjab, India |url=https://vill.co.in/punjab/faridkot/faridkot-045002420/ghugiana-20-002420355320/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=vill.co.in |language=en}}</ref> According to the 2011 census, the population of this village is 2600. There is also a post office in this village, whose pin code is 151203.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pin Code: GHUGIANA, FARIDKOT, PUNJAB, India, Pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/PUNJAB/FARIDKOT/G/GHUGIANA |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=pincode.net.in}}</ref> The nearest railway station, [[Golewala]], is 8 km away.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghugiana {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Ghugiana/tQtDAmDZwr |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

Amar Bahadur Gurung

2025-06-24T11:15:01Z

MohammadMullen: Added The Stub Added Tags.

{{Short description|Indian athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Amar Bahadur Gurung
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|fullname =
|birth_date = 18 April 1942
|birth_place = [[Dehra Dun]], [[British India]]
|death_date = 10 March 2016<ref name="ambr" /> (aged 73)
|death_place = [[Gurgaon]], [[India]]
|height =
|position = Forward
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 = 1960–1967
|clubs1 = Gorkha Brigade
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 1967–1980
|clubs2 = Mafatlal SC
|caps2 =
|goals2 =
|totalcaps =
|totalgoals =
|nationalyears1 =
|nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
|nationalcaps1 = 22
|nationalgoals1 = 2
|medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970 Bangkok]]|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games – Men's team squads|Team]]}}
}}
'''Amar Bahadur Gurung''' was a former Indian [[association football]] player who was part of the squad that secured the bronze medal at the [[1970 Asian Games]] hosted at Bangkok.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team |title=Indian football’s finest: 50 years on, remembering the stars of 1970 Asian Games bronze-winning team |website=Scroll.in |last1=Basu |first1=Jaydeep |date=3 February 2020 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024824/https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ambr" >{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/former-football-international-amar-bahadur-dead/articleshow/51349664.cms |title=Former football international Amar Bahadur dead |website=The Times of India |date=10 March 2016 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122193740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/former-football-international-amar-bahadur-dead/articleshow/51349664.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games|access-date=23 November 2021|archive-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162324/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He scored the winning goal against Japan which secured the medal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sport/Amar-Bahadur-was-a-%E2%80%98Saab%E2%80%99-on-the-left-wing/article15618059.ece |title=Amar Bahadur was a ‘Saab’ on the left wing |website=The Hindu |last1=Marar |first1=Nandakumar |date=12 March 2016 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122193733/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sport/Amar-Bahadur-was-a-%E2%80%98Saab%E2%80%99-on-the-left-wing/article15618059.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.catchnews.com/sports-news/farewell-amar-bahadur-the-man-who-brought-india-the-1970-asiad-football-bronze-1457795103.html |title=Farewell, Amar Bahadur: the man who brought India the 1970 Asiad football bronze |website=Catchnews |last1=Gusain |first1=Raju |date=12 March 2016 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122193734/https://www.catchnews.com/sports-news/farewell-amar-bahadur-the-man-who-brought-india-the-1970-asiad-football-bronze-1457795103.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
*[[Asian Games]] Bronze Medal: [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy|title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1970 Bangkok|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok|work=Sportskeeda.com|accessdate=10 July 2018|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195150/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments#|title=Indian Football Down the Years: Looking back at the glorious moments|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|website=www.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|language=en|trans-title=|location=New Delhi|agency=|date=15 August 2022|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921011335/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments}}</ref>
*[[Merdeka Tournament]] third place: 1970<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Merdeka Cup |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |website=indiafootball.de |publisher=IndiaFootball |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214747/http://indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970merdekacup.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Pesta Sukan Cup: 1971<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1971 Singapore Pesta Sukan Cup|website=indianfootball.de|year=2000|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214722/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1971pestasukancup.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Gorkha Brigade'''
*[[Durand Cup]]: 1966, 1969<ref>{{cite web|title=Amar Bahadur passes away|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sport/footballer-amar-bahadur-gurung-passes-away/article8338384.ece#!|work=The Hindu|date=11 March 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurung, Amar Bahadur}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Footballers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1970 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Gurung people]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Mumbai Football League players]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in football]]

Jai Shri Krishna

2025-06-13T09:03:55Z

MohammadMullen: updated article as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Phrase associated with Krishna, often used as salutation in India}}
{{for|the television series|Jai Shri Krishna (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Krishna playing bansuri, flute.jpg|thumb|[[Murti]] of Hindu deity [[Krishna]]]]
'''Jai Shri Krishna '''({{Langx|sa|जय श्री कृष्ण|translit=Jaya Śrī Kṛṣṇa}}), also rendered '''Jaya Sri Krishna''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knapp |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1JJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT329 |title=Seeing Spiritual India: A Guide to Temples, Holy Sites, Festivals and Traditions |date=2008-05-29 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-61452-3 |pages=329 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Sanskrit]] expression, translating to "Victory to [[Krishna]]",<ref>{{cite book|title=Contributions to Indian Sociology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfhAAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Mouton|page=214}}</ref> a major deity in [[Hinduism]]. The salutation is believed to have hailed from the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Eightyfour Vaishnavas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LkcAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Shri Vallabha Publications|page=37}}</ref><ref name="(India)1976">{{cite book|author=Rajasthan (India)|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Pali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIdhAAAAIAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Printed at Government Central Press|page=65}}</ref> The expression is said to greet another person wishing them success,<ref name="Krishna2020">{{cite book|author=Subhash Krishna|title=Salvation by Lord Shri Krishna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ubxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT2|date=19 July 2020|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64587-108-8|pages=2–}}</ref> and has also been used as a greeting accompanied with the [[Añjali Mudrā|anjali mudra]] or bowed head,<ref>{{cite book|last=Pattanaik|first=Devdutt|url=https://archive.org/details/vishnudevduttpattanaik_202003_16/page/n111/mode/1up|title=Vishnu: An Introduction|date=1998|publisher=Vakils, Feffer and Simons|location=Mumbai|page=100|quote=People often greet each other with phrases like … 'Jai Shri Krishna'|author-link=Devdutt Pattanaik}}</ref> specially while greeting one's elders.<ref name="Sayeed2014">{{cite book|author=Dr Ahmad Sayeed|title=Know Your India: "Turn a New Page to Write Nationalism"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ww-qCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|date=4 October 2014|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-84318-68-0|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Curtis-Lowe2014">{{cite book|author=Harriet Curtis-Lowe|title=Where the Streams Meet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc21BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|date=25 September 2014|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-909183-60-5|page=33}}</ref>

Jai Shri Krishna expression is widely used expression to greet people during the Hindu festival of [[Janmashtmi|Janmashtami]], which celebrates the birth of Krishna.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Debjani Chatterjee |title=Happy Krishna Janmashtami: Twitter Abuzz With Greetings And Pics |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/happy-krishna-janmashtami-2020-pics-tweets-quotes-messages-status-and-wallpapers-2278277 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=12 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lord Krishna's homeland Braj celebrates Janamashtmi |url=https://www.cultnews101.com/2013/08/ |accessdate=19 August 2020 |date=29 August 2013}}</ref> In the present day, Jai Shri Krishna is widely used among the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] community, [[Gujarat|Gujaratis]], and [[Rajasthan|Rajasthanis]], based in and out of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diversity in Indian Context |url=https://www.ascgujarat.org/pdf%20Jan18/1.pdf |accessdate=19 August 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Saul Tripathi |title=Powers of transformation |journal=Index on Censorship |pages=125–131 |doi=10.1080/03064220308537225 |date=1 April 2003|volume=32 |issue=2 |s2cid=143591570 }}</ref><ref name="Sarkar2019">{{cite book|author=Dr Partha Sarkar|title=Media And Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8HSPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94|date=24 February 2019|publisher=Pratishthaa Publishing House|page=109|id=GGKEY:7HEHNY0ZTB3}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Yadava2006">{{cite book|author=S. D. S. Yadava|title=Followers of Krishna: Yadavas of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p69GMA226bgC&pg=PA164|year=2006|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-216-1|page=164}}</ref>

== Popular culture ==
There is a series with the [[Jai Shri Krishna (series)|same name]] aired on [[Colors TV]] between 21 July 2008 to 15 September 2009, which itself is a remake of [[Krishna (TV series)|Sri Krishna]], which was aired between 1993 and 1997 in [[Doordarshan]] and was re-telecasted in 2020.{{fact|date=September 2021}}

== See also ==

* {{Annotated link |Jai Shri Ram}}
* {{Annotated link |Jai Siya Ram}}
* {{Annotated link |Radhe Radhe}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hinduism and society]]
[[Category:Krishna]]
[[Category:Chants]]
[[Category:Slogans]]

Jonaki (magazine)

2025-05-17T12:38:43Z

MohammadMullen: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Assamese language magazine}}
{{moresources|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox magazine
| image_file =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| editor =
| editor_title =
| previous_editor = {{hidden|ta1=left|Previous editors|Chandra Kumar Agarwala Hemchandra Goswami Satyanath Borah Kanaklal Baruah}}
| staff_writer = {{hidden|ta1=left|Staff writers|Chandra Kumar Agarwala Hemchandra Goswami Lakshminath Bezbaroa Kanaklal Baruah}}
| frequency = Monthly
| circulation =
| category = Literature
| company = [[Asamiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha]]
| publisher = [[Chandra Kumar Agarwala]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age| 9 February 1889}}
| country = India
| based = [[Calcutta]]
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| website =
| issn =
| finaldate = {{start date and age|1903}}
}}
'''''Jonaki''''' ([[Assamese language|Assamese:]] '''''জোনাকী'''''; [[Literal translation|lit]] '''''Moonlight)''''' was an [[Assamese language]] magazine published from [[Calcutta]] in 1889.<ref name="ab">{{cite web|url=http://www.sarai.net/fellowships/independent/archival-submissions/fellowships-04-05/uddipan-dutta-the-growth-of-print-nationalism-and-assamese-identity-in-two-early-assamese-magazines/page-6|title=The Growth of Print Nationalism and Assamese Identity in Two Early Assamese Magazines|last=Dutta|first=Uddipan|publisher=Sarai|pages=6|accessdate=6 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109001953/http://www.sarai.net/fellowships/independent/archival-submissions/fellowships-04-05/uddipan-dutta-the-growth-of-print-nationalism-and-assamese-identity-in-two-early-assamese-magazines/page-6|archivedate=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="ef">{{cite journal|last=Goswami|first=Geeta|date=Jan–Feb 2008|title=Axamiyā Poetry: Inception to Romanticism|journal=Muse India|issue=17|url=http://www.museindia.com/showfocus6.asp?id=792|accessdate=6 April 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> It was also the mouthpiece of the then Assamese [[literary society]] [[Asamiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha]] in which the society’s aim and objectives were regularly expressed.<ref name="ab" /> The first editor of the magazine was [[Chandra Kumar Agarwala]].

==History==
The [[Asamiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha]], after its formation in 1888, decided to publish a new monthly Assamese magazine. But the bigger problem was to finance it since all the associated members of the society were students. Chandra Kumar Agarwala, who belonged to a rich business family, came forward to finance the magazine and named it ''Jonaki'' ("Moonlight"). Agarwala was a FA student in Presidency College then and also a member of the society. He put forward two conditions to publish and edit the magazine:
#Every member must take care of ''Jonaki'';
#Every member must write an article for ''Jonaki''.
If those conditions were not met by anyone, a fine of Rs 15 would be imposed on him. The society accepted the conditions and the first issue was published. The exact publication date is not known, since only the Assamese month ‘[[Maagha|Māgho]]’ and the year of publication 1889 were mentioned in the magazine, but the first edition is believed to have been put out on 9 February 1889. The printing of the magazine continued until 1898.<ref name="ab" /> Publishing resumed in [[Guwahati]] in 1901 and continued until 1903.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cd">{{cite journal|title=Axomiā Bhāxā Unnati Xādhini Xabhār Karjya Biboroni|journal=Jonaki|volume=5|issue=7}}</ref> Satyanath Borah and Kanaklal Baruah were the editors of the Guwahati editions.

==Aim and objectives==
One unusual feature of the magazine was that it did not have an editorial. Rather, it contained a regular column called ''Atmokotha'' (Self-sketches) in which the ideology of the magazine as well as the society was expressed.<ref name="ab" /> The aim and objective of the magazine as expressed in this column in the first edition was (English translation: Uddipan Dutta):<ref name="ab" />

{{cquote|Politics is outside our state of affairs. We should concentrate only on the welfare of the subjects of our servile nationhood. Our subject matters will be literature, science or society- we would strive to comprehend these topics and publish materials in them. We would give space to ‘criticism’ and ‘protests’. But no personal slander would be entertained. Special attention would be given to language. Our endeavour would be to get love and affection from all sections of the Assamese society... We have waged our war against darkness: Objective: development of the nation, and ‘Jonak (moonlight)’ …Works are going on everywhere at a crashing speed, will the Assamese sit down idle at this hour?<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cd" />}}

==The ''Jonaki'' Era==
''Jonaki'' marked the dawn of romanticism in Assamese literature. The first romantic poem, ''Bon Kunwori'' (The Wood Nymph), by Chandra Kumar Agarwala, and the first Assamese [[sonnet]], ''Priyotomar Sithi'' (Letter from the beloved), by Hemchandra Goswami, were published in the magazine. Hemchandra Goswami’s ''Kaku Aru Hiya Nibilau'' (No More of my Heart to Anybody) was a unique poem of its kind. A regular humorous column titled ''Kripabor Boruar Kakotor Topola'', by [[Lakshminath Bezbaroa]], was also included. Kamalakanta Bhattacharjya’s ''Pahoroni'' (Oblivion) and Chandrakumar Agarwala’s ''Niyor'' (Dew-drops) were two e-making poems published in the first year of the magazine. The joint efforts of these pioneers established a new era in Assamese literature: The ''Jonaki'' Era, or the romantic age. The writers of ''[[Orunodoi]]'' chose the medium of prose, but the poetic grandeur in Assamese literature was achieved by the poets of the ''Jonaki'' group and their contemporaries.<ref name="ef" />

==People associated with the magazine==
Notable members associated with the magazine include:<ref name="ef" />
*[[Lakshminath Bezbarua]] (1864–1938)
*[[Chandra Kumar Agarwala]] (1867–1937)
*[[Devakanta Baruah]]
*[[Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Assam)|Kamalakanta Bhattacharya]]
*[[Hemchandra Goswami]] (1872–1928)
*[[Padmanath Gohain Baruah]] (1871–1946)
*[[Satyanath Bora]] (1860–1925)
*[[Kanaklal Barua]] (1872–1940)
*[[Ananda Chandra Agarwala]](1874–1940)
*Dharmeswari Debi Baruani (1892–1960)
*[[Nalinibala Devi]] (1898–1977)
*[[Raghunath Choudhary]] (1879–1968)
*[[Ambikagiri Raichoudhury]] (1885–1967)
*[[Jatindra Nath Duwara]](1892–1964)

==Issues==
The total number of issues of ''Jonaki'' published during 1889–1898 is 69.<ref name="ab" />
*1st year: 11 issues
*2nd year: 12 issues
*3rd year: 10 issues
*4th year: 11 issues
*5th year: 7 issues
*6th year: 11 issues
*7th year: 6 issues
*8th year: 1 issue

==See also==
* [[Assamese Language Movement]]
* [[Assamese Literature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan1310/edit3 Theatrical movement in Assam]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405153443/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jan1310%2Fedit3 |date=5 April 2011 }}. by Babul Tamuly (editorial) at the ''Assam Tribune''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jonaki (Magazine)}}
[[Category:Assamese-language mass media]]
[[Category:Assamese literature]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines]]
[[Category:Literary magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1889]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1903]]
[[Category:Mass media in Kolkata]]

JK Temple

2025-04-30T22:18:16Z

MohammadMullen: minor edit

{{Short description|Hindu Temple in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = JK Temple
|image = JKTemple.JPG
|caption = JK Temple at night
|architectural_style=
|structural_system =
|location = Sarvodaya Nagar, [[Kanpur, India]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|26.4730|80.3070|display=inline,title}}
|map_type = India
|inauguration_date =
|completion_date =
|year_completed = 1960<ref name="Zee News">{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/travel/feature/top-enchanting-places-to-visit-in-kanpur_1869682.htm|title=Top enchanting places to visit in Kanpur!|date=2016-03-27|work=Zee News|access-date=2018-03-03|language=en}}</ref>
|main_contractors =
|architect =
|structural_engineer=
}}

'''JK Temple''' ('''Juggilal Kamlapat temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] in the Indian city of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kanpur/akanksha-has-made-my-house-home-kanpurs-gaurav-khanna/articleshow/59354673.cms|title=Akanksha has made my house home: Kanpur’s Gaurav Khanna – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanpuronline.in/city-guide/jk-temple-in-kanpur|title=JK Temple in Kanpur, Shri Radhakrishna Temple Kanpur Address|website=kanpuronline.in|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Shobha-yatras-festivities-mark-Ram-Navmi/articleshow/19640510.cms|title=Shobha yatras, festivities mark Ram Navmi – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> It is considered to be a unique blend of ancient and modern architecture. The [[mandapa]] of the temple has been constructed with high roof for adequate ventilation of light and air. The temple was constructed by JK Trust and major maintenance expenses of the temple also comes from the trust fund. The temple is also popularly known as [[Radha Krishna|Radhakrishna]] Temple.<ref name="Zee News" />

==History==
[[Singhania family]] which owns a number of companies under its umbrella [[JK Organisation]] formed a trust known as JK Trust in 1953.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jktrust.org/who_we_are.php|title=J. K. Trust Gram Vikas Yojana {{!}} Who we are|website=jktrust.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> The trust constructed this temple and was opened for public in the year 1960.<ref name="Zee News" /> The temple celebrated its 50 years in 2010.

==Location==
The temple is located on First Street in Sarvodaya Nagar locality of Kanpur. The [[Kanpur Airport]] is located around 14 km from temple's campus. [[Kanpur Central]] Railway Station is around 5 km from the temple and has trains to Lucknow, [[Allahabad]], Delhi, Kolkata and other major cities of India.
Photography is however prohibited and the place is heavily secured with guards and cctv.
Handbags and large purses are not allowed and need to be deposited at the cloak room before entering.
Visitors are frisked before entry.

==Shrines==
The temple has five shrines dedicated to the<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/kanpur/places-of-interest/j-k-temple.html|title=J.K. Temple|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>
#Lord Radha and Krishna
#Lord Lakshmi and Narayan
#Lord Ardhanarishwar
#Lord Narmadeshwar
#Lord Hanuman

[[File:JK temple.JPG| thumb|Central Shrine of the JK Temple]]

==Building and campus==
The temple is located in a triangular campus in east–west direction. The temple campus is dotted with plants and trees of various varieties. There are three ponds inside the campus on west, north and south sides of the temple. The even-level roofs or the mandapas have been provided with adequate ventilation for sufficient light and air. Among the five shrines, the central one is dedicated to the main deity of the temple – Shri Radhakrishna. Other shrines are adorned with idols of Shri Laxminarayan, Shri Ardhanarishwar, Shri Narmadeshwar and Shri Hanuman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanpurcity.com/about/citymn3.html|title=Kanpur City – Places of Interest|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> There are several parks and a lake – Moti Jheel – located near the temple campus as well.

==Best time to visit==
Best time to visit JK Temple is from October to March. The temple sees an increase in visits on the day of [[Krishna Janmashtami|Janmashtami]] – festival that celebrates the birth of [[Krishna]]. Name of mann aadmi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Kanpur-celebrates-chhati-puja-of-Lord-Krishna/articleshow/22239056.cms|title=Kanpur celebrates chhati puja of Lord Krishna – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>

==Timings==
JK Temple is open all days of the week and visiting hours are 9:00 am to 12 noon and 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ixigo.com/jk-temple-kanpur-india-ne-1634166|title=jk temple – ixigo trip planner!|website=ixigo.com|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kanpur|state=expanded}}
{{Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jk Temple}}
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh]]