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Prasanna Vadanam

2026-05-07T22:36:35Z

MohamedBehan20: put up new article more to come!

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Prasanna Vadanam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Arjun Y. K.
| writer = Arjun Y. K.
| producer = {{Plain list|
*Manikanta J. S.
*Prasad Reddy T. R.
}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
*[[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]]
*Payal Radhakrishna
*[[Rashi Singh]]
*[[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]]
*[[Harsha Chemudu]]
*Nithin Prasanna
}}
| cinematography = S. Chandrasekaran
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]
| music = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| studio = Little Thoughts Cinemas
| distributor = [[Hombale Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|5|3}}
| runtime = 146 minutes<ref name=CBFC>{{cite web|url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNzA5MDQyMDI0MDAwMzI=|title=CBFC | Search Film|website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Prasanna Vadanam''''', alternatively spelled as '''''Prasannavadhanam''''',<ref name=CBFC/> is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by Arjun Y. K., produced Little Thoughts Cinemas. The film features [[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]], Payal Radhakrishna and [[Rashi Singh]] in primary roles along with [[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]], [[Harsha Chemudu]], Nithin Prasanna among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-03-07 |title=Prasanna Vadanam teaser: Suhas plays a man with a rare medical condition in the upcoming dark thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Mar/07/prasanna-vadanam-teaser-suhas-plays-a-man-with-a-rare-medical-condition-in-the-upcoming-dark-thriller |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-03-07 |title=Suhas comes with another interesting concept 'Prasanna Vadanam;' teaser unveiled |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suhascomes-with-another-interesting-concept-prasanna-vadanam-teaser-unveiled-863300 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

The music was composed by [[Vijai Bulganin]], cinematography done by S. Chandrasekaran, along with editing by [[Karthika Srinivas]]. The film was theatrically released on 3 May 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-30 |title=Prasanna Vadanam Has A Never-seen-before Concept In Indian Cinema: Producer Manikanta JS |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/prasanna-vadanam-has-a-never-seen-before-concept-in-indian-cinema-producer-manikanta-js-8872157.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-27 |title=Prasanna Vadanam trailer: Suhas plays a common man with a unique medical condition |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/27/prasanna-vadanam-trailer-suhas-plays-a-common-man-with-a-unique-medical-condition |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Surya meets with an accident from which he develops incurable complications—[[phonagnosia]] and [[prosopagnosia]]—making him unable to recognise people by their voices or faces. After recovery, Surya gradually adapts to his condition by learning to identify people through non-facial cues such as name tags, clothing, posture, and hairstyle. A few years later, Surya is in a relationship with Aadhya. One night, he witnesses a murder: a man pushes a young woman under a moving truck. Surya informs his friend Vignesh, who advises him not to report the incident to the police, warning that revealing his condition could expose him to discrimination.

However, Surya makes an anonymous phone call to the police and reports what he witnessed. The information reaches Sub-Inspector Ramachandra—who is, in fact, the very murderer Surya saw. Panicked, Ramachandra tries to identify who made the call. Ramachandra retrieves CCTV footage from near the phone booth used to make the call. Although Surya's face is not visible, his car's license plate is captured, which Ramachandra uses to locate him. Sometime later, Ramachandra spots Surya's car being driven by Aadhya. He follows her, locates Surya, and assaults him as a warning to stop cooperating with the police.

Rather than being intimidated, Surya becomes more determined to seek justice for the victim. The following day, he visits the police station to formally lodge a complaint about the assault and also reports the murder he witnessed. Although he cannot recognise faces, Surya mentions a distinctive tattoo he noticed on the attacker. ACP Vaidehi records his statement and assures him that action will be taken. After Surya leaves, Vaidehi scolds Ramachandra for his recklessness—revealing that she herself was involved in the murder. They then decide to frame Surya and eliminate him.

A few days later, Surya is arrested for the same murder he witnessed, based on fabricated witness testimony and doctored CCTV footage. Surya maintains his innocence, but the police refuse to believe him. As part of judicial procedure, Surya is taken to a clinic for a medical examination. Vaidehi and Ramachandra have already arranged for two hired goons to kill him there. While Surya is in the washroom depositing a urine sample, the goons attack him. A police officer attempts to intervene but is killed. Despite being injured, Surya manages to escape.

Surya reunites with Vignesh and Aadhya to plan his next move. He tracks down Vinod, the fake witness who testified against him. Vinod tries to flee but is struck by a truck during the chase and dies. Surya and Vignesh then investigate the location from where the forged CCTV footage originated and discover Ramachandra's involvement in fabricating the evidence. Surya sneaks into Ramachandra's house and finds proof linking him to the murder. When Ramachandra and his wife return home, Surya takes their toddler hostage and forces Ramachandra to confess:

<blockquote>
ACP Vaidehi is deeply insecure about her marriage to her husband Varun. She routinely abuses her police authority to intimidate or eliminate anyone she perceives as a threat to her marriage. After marriage, Vaidehi is diagnosed as infertile, which devastates Varun. They later agree to pursue [[surrogacy]] and select a young, healthy woman named Amrutha, who moves into their house during the pregnancy. Varun grows increasingly caring toward Amrutha, triggering Vaidehi’s jealousy. Vaidehi later discovers that the baby Amrutha is carrying is not conceived from her own egg but from Amrutha’s, as Vaidehi’s eggs were deemed unviable—a fact Varun deliberately concealed from her. Consumed by rage and jealousy, Vaidehi conspires with Ramachandra to murder Amrutha.
</blockquote>
Under pressure from Surya and his wife, Ramachandra agrees to help clear Surya's name. He goes to Vaidehi's house and pleads for Surya's life, but Vaidehi brutally murders him. Surya secretly records the killing and escapes.

Surya and Vignesh plan to submit the video evidence to a magistrate to bring Vaidehi to justice. However, Vaidehi disguises herself as Aadhya by dyeing her hair in the same style, knowing Surya identifies people by hairstyle. She lures Surya away to a remote location and attacks him. The real Aadhya arrives at the scene, but Surya mistakes her for the impostor and accidentally assaults her.

In the climax, Surya is faced with two identical-looking Aadhyas, both claiming to be the real one. Unable to distinguish between them, Surya shoots himself in the shoulder. The real Aadhya instinctively rushes to help him, while Vaidehi attempts to seize a metal rod to kill them both. Seizing the moment, Surya shoots Vaidehi dead.

== Cast ==
*[[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]] as Surya
*Payal Radhakrishna as Aadhya
*[[Rashi Singh]] as ACP Vaidehi
*[[Nandu (Telugu actor)|Nandu]] as Varun
*[[Harsha Chemudu]] as Vignesh
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as House Owner
*Nithin Prasanna as SI Ramachandra
*Sai Swetha as Amrutha
*Kushalini Pulapa as Aadhya's friend
*Surabhi Prabhavathi as Amrutha's Mother
*Naveena Reddy as Ramachandra's wife
*Madhumani Naidu as Aadhya's Mother

== Release ==
''Prasanna Vadanam'' was theatrically released on 3 May 2024.<ref name=":0" /> Post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] and was premiered on 24 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.aha.video/movie/prasannavadanam |title=Watch Prasanna Vadanam 2024 Telugu 4K Movie Online |last=Ltd |first=Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt |language=en |access-date=2024-08-01 |via=www.aha.video}}</ref>

== Reception ==
BH Harsh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated this film 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and stated that "Despite an occasional hiccup and a few logical loopholes, the narrative manages to keep us engaged due to this compelling cat-and-mouse dynamic between the good and the evil."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-05-04 |title='Prasanna Vadanam' movie review: A gripping thriller-drama that perfectly plays to Suhas' strengths |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/May/04/prasanna-vadanam-movie-review-a-gripping-thriller-drama-that-perfectly-plays-to-suhas-strengths |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' also gave the same rating and stated: "The film's unique plot is its strength, although it could have benefited from a tighter edit to enhance its pace, particularly in the early sections of the second half."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prasanna Vadanam Movie Review : A survival thriller through the maze of mind and crime |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/prasanna-vadanam/movie-review/109795496.cms |access-date=2024-05-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Nelki Naresh Kumar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave a rating of 3 and noted "Prasanna Vadanam is a crime thriller movie that covers the new Experience."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nelki Naresh |title=Prasanna Vadanam Review: ప్రసన్నవదనం రివ్యూ - సుహాస్ క్రైమ్ థ్రిల్ల‌ర్ మూవీ ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/prasanna-vadanam-review-suhas-rashi-singh-crime-thriller-movie-review-121714709375785.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525091409/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/prasanna-vadanam-review-suhas-rashi-singh-crime-thriller-movie-review-121714709375785.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Anna Yashwanth of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated this film 2.75 stars out of 5 stars and noted "For those who enjoy psychological depth and thrilling stories, Prasanna Vadanam is a movie worth watching."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yashwanth |first=Anna |date=2024-05-03 |title=Prasanna Vadanam: Suhas Shines in this psychoogical thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/prasanna-vadanam-review-rating-892185 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt31616213}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Films about surrogacy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijai Bulganin]]

Chala Style

2026-05-06T01:09:43Z

MohamedBehan20: started the article more to come - done

{{Short description|Style of a Hindu temple}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:Rudreshwar Charchala temple at Matiari in Nadia district, West Bengal 01.jpg|210px|thumb|right|''Char-chala'' Rudreshwar Charchala temple at Matiari in Nadia district, West Bengal]]
'''''Chala Style''''' (Bengali: চালা শিল্পরীতি) is a style of [[Bengal temple architecture]], that originated in Bengal from the 15th centuries.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Temple_Architecture | title = Temple architecture| first= Nasreen| last= Akhter| publisher = Banglapedia |access-date = 8 June 2023}}</ref> Originating as a regional style in [[Hindu temple architecture]]. The main features of this style are curved tops and cornices. ''Chala-style'' temples in [[West Bengal]] were made of mud walls and thatched roofs. But, in East Bengal (now [[Bangladesh]]) it was built with bamboo structures and thatched roofs.<ref name="mccutchion"/>

''Chala-style'' temples were built all over Bengal. But most of the temples are found in the [[West Bengal]]. In the present day, the temples are now located in two separate national territories: the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]].
== History ==
The presence of ''Chala-style'' is observed in the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan period]]. Mauryan granaries are similar to ''Charchala'', one of the types of ''Chala style''. The stone temple at Garui in [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]] district of West Bengal, built in the 14th century, has a ''Chala-style'' or Bengal hut shaped roof. The oldest ''Chala-style'' temple is Singhabahini temple at Ghatal. However, the [[Kiriteswari Temple|Kiriteswari temple]] is considered to be the oldest Chala style temple. The original Kiriteswari temple was destroyed in 1405.<ref name="mccutchion">McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, pp. 1–14, 19–22. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}.</ref><ref name="amitguha">{{cite web | url = https://amitguha.blog/2017/11/15/terracotta-temples-of-bengal/ | title = Bengal Temple Architecture | first = Amit | last = Guha | publisher = Amit Guha | access-date = 8 Jun 2023 | archive-date = 2018-09-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180904091003/https://amitguha.blog/2017/11/15/terracotta-temples-of-bengal/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== Types ==
There are different types of temples in ''Chala-style''. These types are specified by number of Chala. Mainly 4 types of ''Chala-style'' temples are observed. The four most common temple types under ''Chala-style'' are ''Do-chala'', ''Char-chala'', ''At-chala'' and ''Baro-Chala''.

=== Do-chala ===
[[File:Nandadulal Mandir - South-west View - Chandan Nagar - Hooghly - 2013-05-19 7916.JPG|200px|thumb|right|The Nandadulal Jiu Mandir, [[Chandannagar]], [[West Bengal]], India.]]
The word "Do" used in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language means two. Temples built in this Chala style have two Chalas (roof) and gable eands. Temples of this style consist of two sloping roofs in front and back. The floor of the temples is [[Rectangle|rectangular]]. Most of the temples built in the ''Do-chala'' style have three arches on their fronts. Do-chala temples have one or three entrances. In temples with a single entrance, the entrance is built at the front. Narayana Temple at Bhanga in Faridpur is a single entrance temple. Some do-chala temples are built with three entrances, entrances are made on the front, left and right sides of the temples. The Panchamukhi Shiva temple built in ''Do-chala'' style at [[Baranagar, Murshidabad|Baranagar]] in [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]] district has three entrances.<ref name="mccutchion"/>
{{multiple image|perrow=3/1|total_width=360
| align = left
| image_style = border:none;
| image1 = সিদ্ধেশ্বরী কালীমন্দির, কালনা.jpg
| caption1 =''Jor-bangla'' Siddheshwari Kali Temple at [[Kalna City]] in [[West Bengal]].
| image2=Jor Bangla Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG
| caption2 = Jor-Bangla Temple (c. 1655), [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], West Bengal, India.
| image3= জোড় বাংলা মন্দির.1.jpg
| caption3 = [[Gopinath Temple, Pabna|Jor Bangla Temple]], Pabna, [[Bangladesh]].
| image4=
| caption4 =
}}
To further strengthen the structure of the temple, two ''Do-chala'' temples are paired side by side, popularly known as ''Jor-bangla'' style. Apart from the tower; a few prominent ''Jor-bangla'' style temples are the Siddheswari Kali Temple at [[Kalna City]], the Gopinath Temple at Pabna and the Radha-Krishna Temple at [[Birnagar]]. In many cases, a char-chala roof is constructed between the two do-chalas of the ''Jor-Bengali'' style temples. [[Jor Bangla Temple]] (also called Keshta Rai temple) at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]] was built in this style.<ref name="isical">{{cite web |title=Jor-bangla temple - BHID: Bishnupur Heritage Image Database |url=https://www.isical.ac.in/~bsnpr/jorbangla.php |website=www.isical.ac.in |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref> According to [[David McCutchion]], ''Jor Bangla'' style temples are mostly observed in the area from Purulia to Faridpur (i.e. south of the [[Ganges]] and west of the [[Padma River|Padma]]).

=== Char-chala ===
[[File:Charchala temple at Palpara in Nadia district 16.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Charchala temple at Palpara in Nadia district.]]
In ''Char-chala'' style, the temple's roof consists of four "Chalas" (sloping roof). Sloping chalas meet at the mid-point of the roof. Generally ''Char-chala'' temple is built on a square base; but, some temples are built on elongated base. Most of the temples built in the ''Char-chala'' style have one arche on their front. The terracotta temple at [[Palpara]] and Raghabeswar temple at [[Dignagar|Diknagar]] are ''Char-chala'' style temple with a single entrance and elongated base.<ref name="Temples-of-Bengal"/>

=== At-chala ===
[[File:Radha Gobind Jiu Temple Antpur West Bengal.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''At-chala'' Radhagobind Temple, Antpur, West Bengal.]]
In ''At-chala'' style, the temple's roof consists of eight "Chalas" (sloping roof). These 8 chalas form 2 ''Char-chala'', one of which large and the other is small. The large ''char-chala'' is placed leaning on the 4 walls of the main chamber of the temple. After the large chalas reach the required height above the center of the temple chamber, they form the pedestal for supporting walls of the smaller Char-chala. In many cases, temples of this style have a ''Char-chala'' structure attached to the central chamber to provide structural strength and create a corridor.<ref name="Temples-of-Bengal">{{cite journal |last1=Mangaonkar |first1=Priyanka |title=Temples of Bengal: Material Style and Technological Evolution |journal= Chitrolekha |url=https://chitrolekha.com/temples-of-bengal-material-style-and-technological-evolution/ |date= 1 March 2013 |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> Kolkata's famous [[Kalighat Kali Temple]] is built in ''At-chala'' style. Among the very large ''At-chala'' temples are Bindavanchandra Temple at [[Guptipara]] and Radhagobind Temple at Antpur, both temples are located in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] district. The Shiva temple built in 1725 at Sahaganj in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] district and the Nandakisora temple built in 1741 at [[Halisahar]] in [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] district are small-scale ''At-chala'' style temples.<ref name="mccutchion"/>

== Influence ==
During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal period]] the ''do-chala'' roof was to be adopted by the Muslims and even exported to other parts of India, where it became a prominent feature of seventeenth-century architecture in [[Delhi]], [[Lahore]], Gulberg, etc. In the eighteenth century, from Delhi, Lahore or Gulberg it moved to the palace balconies and garden pavilions of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="Temples-of-Bengal"/>

The [[Naulakha Pavilion]], located next to the Sheesh Mahal courtyard in the northern part of the Lahore Fort, is built in the ''do-chala'' style, white marble used in its construction.<ref name="archnet">[http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=3992 Lahore Fort Complex: Naulakha Pavilion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214014242/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=3992 |date=14 December 2010 }} at [http://archnet.org/lobby/ Archnet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502142136/http://archnet.org/lobby/ |date=2 May 2008 }}. Retrieved 9 Jun 2023.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bengal temple architecture]]
* [[Hindu temple architecture]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Architecture of India}}

[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]
[[Category:Bengal temple architecture]]

Kanmani Anbudan

2026-04-30T13:45:25Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{Short description|2024 Indian Tamil TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Romantic drama]]
}}
| creator =
| based_on = ''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]''
| director = V. Sathasivam
| screenplay = Vetri {{small|(dialogues)}} Nandhan Sreedharan
| starring = Navin Vetri Madhumitha Gracy Thangavel
| theme_music_composer = P. Sri
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 300+<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 September 2025|title=Navin Vetri, Madhumitha, and Gracy Thangavel starrer 'Kanmani Anbudan' completes 300 episodes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/navin-vetri-madhumitha-and-gracy-thangavel-starrer-kanmani-anbudan-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/123826774.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
| list_episodes =
| producer = Daniel Xavier
| cinematography = Kesavan
| editor = P. Arunkumar
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22-25 minutes
| company = D Studio
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2024|09|16}}
| last_aired = present
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| related = ''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]''
}}
'''''Kanmani Anbudan''''' ({{translation|Kanmani with love}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama]] television series that airs on 16 September 2024 and digitally streams on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=12 September 2024|title=Star Vijay launches a new fiction 'Kanmani Anbudan' from 16th September |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/star-vijay-launches-a-new-fiction-kanmani-anbudan-from-16th-september/|website=www.medianews4u.com|language=en}}</ref> The series is about the friends relationship between characters Kanmani and Vennila.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Star Vijay launches New Fictional Show - Kanmani Anbudan |url=https://www.disneystar.com/newsroom/star-vijay-launches-new-fictional-show-kanmani-anbudan/?page=11|website=www.disneystar.com|language=en}}</ref>

This show is Produced by Daniel Xavier under the banner of D Studio and directed by V. Sathasivam. Starring Navin Vetri, Gracy Thangavel and Madhumitha in the lead roles.<ref name=":stars">{{Cite web|date=29 August 2024|title=Navin Vetri, Gracy Thangavel and Madhumitha to play lead role in upcoming show 'Kanmani Anbodu'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/navin-vetri-dushita-and-madhumitha-to-play-lead-role-in-upcoming-show-kanmani-anbodu/articleshow/112888550.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> The main plot of the series was taken from [[StarPlus]]'s TV series ''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=|title=விஜய் டிவியில் ஒளிபரப்பாக போகும் கண்மணி அன்புடன் இந்த ஹிந்தி தொடரின் ரீமேக் தானா? |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/kanmani-anbudan-serial-new-launch-promo-1723790482#google_vignette|website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
This is a story of two best friends from two different backgrounds Kanmani (Madhumitha) and Vennila (Gracy Thangavel). Kanmani is from a middle-class family and she is best friends with a beautiful and rich girl Venilla. Kanmani falls for Anbu (Navin Vetri), who loves Vennila. But Vennila mistakenly thinks Anbu is in love with Kanmani. How that friendship is tested by their love interests over Anbu.<ref name=":0" />

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Navin Vetri as Anbu
* Madhumitha as Kanmani
* Gracy Thangavel as Vennila

=== Recurring ===
* [[Meera Krishna]] as Sivagami
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Rajeshwari
* Sanjay Kumar Asrani as Rajasekar
* Kadhal Kannan as Senthil
* Girish Ayyappan
* Karthik Sasidharan as Karthik
* Muthulakshmi Vaidyanathan
* Remya Joseph as Mayuri
* P. Malar as Swetha
* Raghul Kanagaraj
* Prasidhya Vijay as Maya
* Rithik as Iniyan
* Sripriya as Pavitra
* Siddharth Kapilavayi as Siddarth
* [[T. K. Kala]] as Vaidegi
* KPY Dhanasekar as Varadan
* Eshan Shyam as Jeeva

== Broadcast history ==
It began airing on [[Star Vijay]] on 16 September 2024 from Monday to Saturday at 14:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), replacing [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]. Starting on 16 March 2026, it shifted to the afternoon slot at 14:30 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ramayanam-new-serial-telecasting-may-13-in-suntv-anandha-ragam-serial-timing-changed-181977|title=சன் டிவியில் மீண்டும் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் "இராமாயணம்" .. முக்கிய சீரியலின் நேரம் மாற்றம்!|date=7 May 2024 |publisher=tamil.abplive.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The show was produced by D Studio and directed by V. Sathasivam, who is known for his series ''[[Kasthuri (TV series)|Kasthuri]]'' and ''[[Roja (2018 TV series)|Roja]]''. In July 2024, [[Star Vijay]]<ref name=":1" /> announced the Tamil official remake of the show [[Hindi]]-language ''[[Suhani Si Ek Ladki]]''.<ref name=":2" />

=== Casting ===
Madhumitha and Gracy Thangavel was cast in the female lead roles as Kanmani and Vennila.<ref name=":stars" /> This making Madhumitha and Gracy Thangavel first lead role in Tamil television. Navin Vetri was cast in the male lead role as Anbu after his role as Karthikeyan in ''[[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum]]'' serial.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=4 July 2024|title=Navin Vetri to play lead role in upcoming show 'Kanmani Anbodu'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/navin-vetri-to-play-lead-role-in-upcoming-show-kanmani-anbodu/articleshow/111485598.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Meera Krishna]], [[Shanthi Williams]] and Sanjay Asrani was selected to play Sivagami, Rajeshwari and Rajkumar.<ref name=":0" />

In August 2025 Actress Sripriya was cast as Supporting role.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=விஜய் டிவியின் கண்மணி அன்புடன் சீரியலில் என்ட்ரி கொடுக்கும் நடிகை... யார் பாருங்க |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/new-actress-entry-in-kanmani-anbudan-serial-1756223992|language=ta}}</ref>

=== Release ===
The first promo was released on 15 August 2024, featuring Madhumitha and Dushita happily soaking in the rain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=புது சீரியலை தொடங்கும் விஜய் டிவி! ப்ரோமோ இதோ |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/vijay-tv-new-serial-kanmani-anbudan-promo-1723735423|website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref> The show started airing on [[Star Vijay]] on 16 September 2024<ref name=":0" /> from Monday to Saturday at 14:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), replacing ''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]'' serial time slot.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2024|title=முடிவுக்கு வரும் விஜய் டிவியின் 'செல்லம்மா'…புது சீரியல் 'கண்மணி அன்புடன்'!|url=https://www.kollywoodglam.com/tv/tamil-serial/vijay-tv-chellamma-serial-ends/|website=www.kollywoodglam.com|language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Hindi-language television series]]

2015 Gurdaspur attack

2026-04-25T11:18:46Z

MohamedBehan20: Made Some Data First Draft!

{{Short description|2015 terrorist attack of a police station in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 2015 Gurdaspur attack
| partof =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| map = {{location map|India Punjab}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| alt =
| caption =
| location = [[Dina Nagar]], [[Gurdaspur district]], [[Punjab, India]]
| target = Punjab police, civilians and Indian Railways
| coordinates = {{coord|32.128255|75.469683|display=inline,title}}
| date = 27 July 2015
| time = 5:30 am
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| type = [[Mass shooting]]
| fatalities = 10 (including 4 policemen, 3 [[terrorist]]s and 3 civilians)<ref name =Tribune_live/>
| injuries = 15<ref name =Tribune_live/><ref name=Hindu_live/>
| victims = 
| perpetrators = [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
| susperps =
| weapons = [[AK-47]]s, [[Night Vision Device]], [[Grenade]]s, [[GPS navigation device|GPS]] devices<ref name="Weapons"/><ref name="gadgets"/>
| numparts = 
| dfens = * [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]]
** [[Punjab Police SWAT Team|Punjab SWAT]]
* [[Jammu & Kashmir Police|J&K Police SWAT Team]]
* [[Indian Army]] (On Standby)
* [[National Security Guard]] (On Standby)<ref>{{cite news|title=Army on standby as Punjab Police tackle terrorists|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Army-on-standby-as-Punjab-Police-tackle-terrorists/articleshow/48244760.cms}}</ref>
| motive =
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in India (since 2001)}}
On 27 July 2015, three [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] militants dressed in army uniforms opened fire on a bus and then attacked the [[Dina Nagar]] police station in [[Gurdaspur district]] of [[Punjab, India]]. The attack resulted in the death of three civilians and four policemen, including a [[Superintendent of police (India)|superintendent of police]]; fifteen others were injured. In addition, five bombs were found planted on the [[Amritsar–Pathankot line]] on a rail-bridge near [[Parmanand railway station]], five kilometers from the site of the attack. All three attackers were killed in the operation, which lasted almost 12 hours.<ref name =Tribune_live>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/terror-attack-in-gurdaspur-9-dead-4-injured/111963.html|title=Terror attack in Gurdaspur; SP among seven killed|author=Tribune News Service|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=27 July 2015|date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=Hindu_live>{{cite news|title=Gurdaspur Attack: Encounter ends; 3 civilians, 4 policemen dead|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gunmen-attack-punjabs-gurdaspur/article7469246.ece|access-date=27 July 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 July 2015}}</ref>

Such terrorist attacks were rare in Punjab after the [[Insurgency in Punjab|Insurgency]], which sought to form an independent [[Sikh]] nation of [[Khalistan]], ended in the 1990s. However, such attacks are common in the Disputed Territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] that borders Gurdaspur, where [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Islamist insurgents]] are seeking independence or accession to [[Pakistan]] and from where the gunmen were at first suspected to have entered.<ref name=Fitrak_News>{{cite news|title=Pakistan condemns Gurdaspur Attack in India|url=http://fitraknews.com/2015/07/27/pakistan-condemns-terrorist-attack-in-indian-punjab/|access-date=27 July 2015|work=Fitrak News|date=27 July 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="NYT 27 July 2015">{{cite news|last1=Barry|first1=Ellen|author-link1=Ellen Barry (journalist)|title=Gunmen in India Kill at Least 5 in Attack on Bus and Police Station|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/world/asia/gunmen-in-punjab-india-attack-bus-and-police-station.html|access-date=27 July 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=27 July 2015}}</ref> On the basis of the GPS system found in the terrorists' possession, India claimed the insurgents infiltrated through [[India–Pakistan border|the border with Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gurdaspur-terror-attack-gps-reveals-terrorists-crossed-border-5-km-from-site-of-attack/|title = Gurdaspur attack: GPS reveals terrorists crossed border 5 km from site of attack|date = 29 July 2015}}</ref>

==Attack==

The attack took place in Dina Nagar, Gurdaspur district of Punjab, on the morning of 27 July 2015. At around 5:30 am, they opened fire on a [[Punjab Roadways]] bus coming from Bamial, a Small town in Pathankot District.<ref name=daily>{{cite news|title=Gurdaspur attack: How Punjab Police bravely battled terror|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/gurdaspur-terror-attack-punjab-police-force-ss-saini-pakistan/story/1/5272.html|access-date=1 August 2015|agency=Daily O}}</ref> The bus had 75 passengers, several of whom were injured.<ref name=daily/><ref>{{cite news|title=Suspected terrorists attack bus, police station in Punjab's Gurdaspur|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/suspected-terrorists-attack-bus-police-station-in-punjabs-gurdaspur/articleshow/48231194.cms|access-date=27 July 2015|agency=India Times}}</ref> The bus driver, Nanak Chand, drove the bus towards them, forcing them to move back. He then swerved the bus and drove it straight to a government hospital, where the injured passengers were treated.<ref name="ToI_bus_2015">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Punjab-terror-attack-Bus-driver-saved-many-lives/articleshow/48239382.cms |title=Punjab terror attack: Bus driver saved many lives |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 July 2015 }}</ref>

After firing indiscriminately near the bus stand, the assailants targeted a roadside eatery and took off in a [[Carjacking|hijack]]ed [[Maruti 800]] car with Punjab registration number. They shot dead a roadside vendor near Dinanagar bypass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tidingstoday.com/live-punjab-terror-attack-gurdaspur-0104/|title=Punjab Terror Attack (Gurdaspur ) – Terrorists Stormed Police Station and Bus|work=Tidings Today|access-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729233919/http://www.tidingstoday.com/live-punjab-terror-attack-gurdaspur-0104/|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> They shot the driver and sped towards the Dina Nagar police station.<ref name=daily/> The attackers targeted a community health centre adjacent to the police station, killing three civilians including a woman and a policeman. The gunmen then entered the police station and opened fire, seriously injuring five policemen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/48231194.cms|title=Gurdaspur terror attack: One terrorist killed, another injured; Punjab SP (Detective) martyred|work=The Economic Times|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>

The first response was led by Punjab Police [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] Baljeet Singh, which led to the death of one of the gunmen.<ref name=daily/> SP Baljeet Singh later died in the gunbattle.<ref name=daily/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Martyred-SP-Baljit-Singhs-father-too-died-in-a-terror-attack/articleshow/48239874.cms |title=Martyred SP Baljit Singh's father too died in a terror attack |work=The Times of India |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> The [[Indian Army]] and the [[National Security Guards|NSG]] also responded to the attack, but the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] maintained the lead on the counter-terrorism operation and assigned support roles to the Army and the NSG.<ref name=daily/> A 28-man group from the [[Punjab Police SWAT Team]] coordinated a counter-assault and the last militant was killed 11 hours after the terrorist attack began.<ref name="tribunenewsservice">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/baptism-by-fire-for-punjab-s-elite-swat/112272.html|title=Baptism by fire for Punjab's elite SWAT|author=Tribune News Service|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/gurdaspur-attack-punjab-police-swat-team-bang-on-target/article1-1374194.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731093102/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/gurdaspur-attack-punjab-police-swat-team-bang-on-target/article1-1374194.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2015|title=Gurdaspur attack: Punjab Police SWAT team bang on target|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> News agencies have pointed out that security forces could have ended the attack much earlier, as the gunmen were holed up in an abandoned building, but the operation was prolonged order to capture at least one gunman alive, with the assumption that they had a limited amount of food and ammunition, which could lead to an arrest.<ref name="firstpost"/> Once it was clear that none of the gunmen intended on being captured, this goal was abandoned and the [[Punjab Police SWAT Team|SWAT]] Team swiftly neutralized all threats.<ref name="tribunenewsservice"/><ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><ref name="dailyo.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/gurdaspur-terror-attack-punjab-police-force-ss-saini-pakistan/story/1/5272.html|title=Gurdaspur attack: How Punjab Police bravely battled terror|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gurdaspur-dinanagar-terror-attack-punjab-dgp-terrorists-alive-284905-2015-07-27|title=Gurdaspur attacks: Punjab DGP wants to get terrorists alive|newspaper=India Today|date=27 July 2015|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref>

This was the first counter-terrorism operation conducted by the [[Punjab Police SWAT Team]] and its success has been widely praised.<ref name="tribunenewsservice"/><ref name="dailyo.in"/>

According to police, the terrorists were [[Muslim]]s<ref>{{cite news|title=Gunmen who carried out Punjab attack were Muslim - police|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/punjab-gurdaspur-attackers-sikhs-muslims-idINKCN0Q221920150728|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307055012/http://in.reuters.com/article/punjab-gurdaspur-attackers-sikhs-muslims-idINKCN0Q221920150728|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Terrorists in Gurdaspur Attack Were Muslim: Police|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/terrorists-in-gurdaspur-attack-were-muslim-police-1201539}}</ref> contradicting the initial reports that the attack was carried out by [[Khalistan movement|Sikh separatists]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Terrorists in Gurdaspur Attack Were Muslim: Police|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/terrorists-in-gurdaspur-attack-were-muslim-police-1201539|access-date = 2015-08-01}}</ref>

== Bombs on the railway track ==

Meanwhile, a railway trackman named Ashwani Saini, while patrolling along the railway track between Dina Nagar and Jhakholari railway stations, spotted five bombs wired to a small bridge on the [[Amritsar]]-[[Pathankot]] line,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/courageous-railway-trackman-saves-270-lives/112285.html|title=Courageous railway trackman saves 270 lives|author=Tribune News Service|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref> just before a passenger train was due to cross the bridge. The train stopped 200 metres from the bombs. The railway authorities suspended all the rail traffic on the section while the bomb-disposal squads defused the bombs.<ref name="ToI_bus_2015"/>

==Equipment==

According to sources at the Ministry of Home Affairs, two [[GPS navigation device|GPS]] devices, three [[AK-47]]s, ten [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]]s, and two China-made [[grenade]]s were recovered from the terrorists.<ref name="Weapons">{{Cite web|title = Terrorist attack in Punjab, Terror attack in Punjab, Terror attack in Punjab Gurdaspur district|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Terror-attack-in-Punjab/liveblog/48231051.cms|website = The Times of India| date=27 July 2015 |access-date = 2015-07-27}}</ref>

The attackers had also shaved all body hair and erased all factory markings on their weapons, supposedly to prevent any identification.<ref name=firstpost>[http://www.firstpost.com/india/day-gurdaspur-attack-gunmen-crossed-pakistan-shaved-off-body-hair-2366854.html Clues a day after Gurdaspur attack: GPS that shows gunmen crossed from Pakistan, shaved off all body hair] (28 July 2015) ''Firstpost''</ref>

Indian authorities also recovered a [[Night Vision Device]] from the terrorists, with US Government markings on it. US Authorities confirmed that it belonged to the American Government and was most likely stolen or misplaced in [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]].<ref name="gadgets">Sehgal, Manjeet (11August 2015) [https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/gurdaspur-terror-attack-us-confirms-it-owns-night-vision-device-287547-2015-08-10 Gurdaspur attack: US says its night-vision device stolen from Afghanistan ''India Today'']</ref>

However, Indian investigators claimed to have found evidence of Pakistan's involvement in the attack.

The three terrorists who stormed a police station on the fateful day used gloves with "Made in Pakistan" tags said the panel of doctors in their autopsy report from Gurdaspur civil hospital.

The report said, "external appearance" that a "Made in Pakistan" label was found intact in the glove that one terrorist was wearing.

"After the operation was over on Monday, we had done a random search of the clothes the ultras were wearing. But no label was found in the clothes, including the undergarments," a police was quoted as saying to [[Hindustan Times]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-58509|title=Waite, Herbert William|quote= (30 June 1887–23 July 1967), Principal, Punjab (Pakistan) Police Training School, Sargodha, 1949–54|date=2007-12-01|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u58509|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1|access-date=2020-04-17|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The Indian Ministry of Home Affairs stated that the attacks were carried out by [[Pakistan]] based militant group [[Lashkar-e-Tayiba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/new-delhi/gunmen-attack-police-station-in-gurdaspur-one-dead-several-injured-1818478.html|title=Updates: 'Gurdaspur operation planned well in advance', says Punjab Police - Oneindia|work=www.oneindia.com|date=27 July 2015|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref>

During early inspection of data from global positioning sets carried by terrorists who carried out Monday's attack in Gurdaspur suggests that the group launched its operation from across the border in Pakistan's Shakargarh area, Indian government sources have told The Indian Express. Sources familiar with the investigation said the terror team is thought to have left a safehouse on the fringes of Gharot, a village not far from the Pakistani town of Shakargarh, late Sunday night. Travelling due east, the group then crossed a tributary of the [[Ravi river]], and headed to the village of Bamial on the Indian side of the border. From Bamial, investigators believe, the group caught an early morning bus that took them to the highway 1A, which links Punjab with Jammu and Kashmir and on to Hiranagar, passing several police checkpoints along the way.

The GPS sets, which guide users along tracks marked by digital "waypoints", have often been used by terrorists to operate in unfamiliar environments, most famously during the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gurdaspur-terror-attack-gps-shows-terror-team-from-pakistan-got-drug-cartel-help-too/|title=Gurdaspur terror attack: GPS shows terror team from Pakistan, got help from drug cartel too|date=2015-07-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of terrorist incidents in India]]
* [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab (India)]]
* [[List of terrorist incidents, 2015]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurdaspur attack, 2015}}
[[Category:Terrorist incidents on buses in India]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Gurdaspur district|2015 attack]]
[[Category:2010s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:July 2015 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:2015 mass murders]]
[[Category:Spree shootings in India]]
[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2015]]
[[Category:July 2015 in India]]
[[Category:2015 murders in India]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on police stations in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on police stations in 2015]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Grenade attacks in India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents on railway systems in India]]
[[Category:2015 road incidents in Asia]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Punjab, India]]

Hari Singh Raghuwanshi

2026-04-23T07:12:02Z

MohamedBehan20: put up a bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Basoda Assembly constituency|Basoda]]
| term_start = 2003
| term_end = 2013
| profession = Politician
| predecessor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Basoda Assembly constituency|Basoda]]
| term_start1 = 2023
}}
'''Hari Singh Raghuwanshi''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a three time [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/2003.pdf Election result Pdf]</ref> [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Basoda Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basoda, Election Result 2023 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2023 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/madhya-pradesh/basoda-constituency-s12aed2008a145/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Basoda assembly election results 2023: Basoda Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/basoda-assembly-result-12145 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghuwanshi, Hari Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World

2026-04-21T10:01:57Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{short description|2024 book by William Dalrymple}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| caption = First edition cover
| image = File:The_Golden_Road_Book_Cover.jpg
| border = yes
| author = [[William Dalrymple]]
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| orig_lang_code = en
| language = English
| genre = Non-fiction
| publisher = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
| pub_date = 2024
| pages = 496
| isbn = 978-1639734146
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 1408379702
| preceded_by =
| dewey = 934.
| congress =
| website = https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/golden-road-9781408864418/
}}
'''''The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World''''' is a 2024 history book by [[Scottish people|Scottish]] historian [[William Dalrymple]]. It discusses the ways in which India's ideas and influences spread throughout and shaped [[Eurasia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Nikhil |date=2024-08-23 |title=How India reshaped the world – then fell into decline |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/non-fiction/golden-road-william-dalrymple-review-india/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829014443/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/non-fiction/golden-road-william-dalrymple-review-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Overview ==
The book argues that the primary route connecting Eurasia from 250 BCE to 1200 CE<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Paramita |date=2024-03-12 |title=Building a new road |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/Mar/12/building-a-new-road-3 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> was a route going through India referred to in the book as the "Golden Road"; this route facilitated an Indian sphere of influence, referred under the name [[Indosphere]].

India's outward influence began with the [[west coast of India]] interacting with the outside world, with the Roman Empire's [[Roman conquest of Egypt|conquest of Egypt]] in the 1st century establishing the peak of [[Indo-Roman trade]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Paramita |date=2024-10-21 |title=Indian or Indic? William Dalrymple's Golden Road drives in both lanes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2024/Oct/21/indian-or-indic-william-dalrymples-golden-road-drives-in-both-lanes |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214044515/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2024/Oct/21/indian-or-indic-william-dalrymples-golden-road-drives-in-both-lanes |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire|fall of Rome]] in the 5th and 6th centuries then forced Indian traders to turn their attention eastward, resulting in significant [[History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia|influence upon Southeast Asia]]. By the 7th century, [[Buddhism]] had penetrated China, with the reign of [[Wu Zetian]] resulting in a brief [[Indianization]] of the royal court and a general explosion of learning from India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=Ancient India through William Dalrymple's Lens |url=https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/ancient-india-through-william-dalrymples-lens/#goog_rewarded |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829025957/https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/ancient-india-through-william-dalrymples-lens/#goog_rewarded |url-status=live }}</ref> And by the 13th century, Indian mathematical and astronomical ideas had gone through the Arab world<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Meera |date=December 15, 2024 |title=William Dalrymple's new book traces ancient India's role in spreading ideas and religions across the world |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2024/12/14/the-golden-road-how-ancient-india-transformed-the-world-william-dalrymple.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219151234/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2024/12/14/the-golden-road-how-ancient-india-transformed-the-world-william-dalrymple.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and reached Europe,<ref>{{Cite news |title=William Dalrymple's next book being penned through lockdown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/william-dalrymple-s-next-book-being-penned-through-lockdown/story-GQVDtc5BfI9GaB9MJcwksL.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> but in the same century, conquests put an end to the heretofore peaceful expansion of Indian influence. [[Mongol invasions and conquests|Mongol conquests]] in Eurasia ended India's centrality by paving the way for the [[Silk Road]], giving China greater prominence as it thus gained access to the Mediterranean,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=Rama |date=2024-03-08 |title=Silk Route talk irritates Dalrymple. His new book says India, not China, ruled trade, ideas |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/silk-route-talk-irritates-dalrymple-his-new-book-says-india-not-china-ruled-trade-ideas/1992912/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> while the large Muslim armies temporarily interrupted trade routes to India's west and [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|took over North India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mount |first=Ferdinand |date=2024-09-12 |title=One-Way Traffic |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n17/ferdinand-mount/one-way-traffic |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=London Review of Books |language=en |volume=46 |issue=17 |issn=0260-9592 |archive-date=6 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906011821/https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n17/ferdinand-mount/one-way-traffic |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dalrymple was inspired to write the book after a visit to [[Angkor Wat]], the largest Hindu temple in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-11 |title=William Dalrymple's next: How Ancient India changed the world |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/william-dalrymple-new-book-india-world-9264062/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He spent five years travelling throughout the Middle East, India and Southeast Asia to do research for the book.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomsbury snaps up historian William Dalrymple's new book on India and the ancient world |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/bloomsbury-snaps-up-historian-william-dalrymples-new-book-on-india-and-the-ancient-world |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The Bookseller |language=En}}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[Manu S. Pillai]] of [[Frontline (magazine)|''Frontline'']] wrote, "What is surprising about ''The Golden Road'' is the period: while all of Dalrymple's histories so far are set in the modern age, the newest one takes us to the ancient world. Its ambitions are greater, and Dalrymple is in fresh territory. But he pulls it off expertly. The book is edifying, well-structured, learned, and thoroughly interesting."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Manu S. |date=2024-11-11 |title=William Dalrymple The Golden Road Book Review: Ancient India, Global Trade and Buddhism |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/william-dalrymple-golden-road-ancient-india-maritime-trade-buddhism-global-influence/article68818361.ece |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Frontline |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113122924/https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/william-dalrymple-golden-road-ancient-india-maritime-trade-buddhism-global-influence/article68818361.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Week (Indian magazine)|''The Week'']]'s Meera Suresh wrote, "The book's lustre lies in its exhaustive coverage of ancient Indian history and Dalrymple's true-to-life descriptions. From a historian's point, ''The Golden Road – How Ancient India Transformed the World'' is an ode to the forgotten chapters of ancient India and its unparalleled riches."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Meera |date=November 20, 2024 |title='The Golden Road – How Ancient India Transformed the World' review: Dalrymple's latest work recounts India's glorious past |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/books/2024/11/20/the-golden-road-review-dalrymples-latest-work-recounts-ancient-indias-contributions.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215184928/https://www.theweek.in/review/books/2024/11/20/the-golden-road-review-dalrymples-latest-work-recounts-ancient-indias-contributions.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tanjil Rashid of the ''[[Financial Times]]'' called ''The Golden Road'' "an absorbingly literary history, a tale of tales, and, in Dalrymple's telling, it was most notably through the dissemination of stories — including ideas and doctrines given narrative form — that ancient India 'transformed the world'."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rashid |first=Tanjil |date=2024-09-08 |title=The Golden Road by William Dalrymple — ancient India's cultural conquest of the globe |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e746b949-9137-45c9-b369-1e9778c59c1c |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=Financial Times |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917215604/https://www.ft.com/content/e746b949-9137-45c9-b369-1e9778c59c1c |url-status=live }}</ref>

Abhrajyoti Chakraborty, writing in ''[[The Observer]]'', said that Dalrymple "is enthralled by the postcard monuments of ancient India's '[[soft power]]': the magnificent [[Borobudur]] Buddhist temple in Indonesia; the Hindu temple [[Angkor Wat]] in Cambodia. He recounts the flourishing trade between ancient India and the [[Roman Empire|Roman empire]] following the famous [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]] in 30BC... He persuasively argues that this maritime trade route preceded the overland Silk Road connecting China, Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea by several centuries." He added, "It is only in the final pages that Dalrymple acknowledges the debates about Indian history that have become unavoidable in recent years."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Abhrajyoti |date=2024-09-15 |title=The Golden Road by William Dalrymple review – the rational case for ancient India's ingenuity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/sep/15/the-golden-road-by-william-dalrymple-review-how-ancient-india-transformed-the-world |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Indo-Mediterranean]]
* [[India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor]]

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

== Further reading ==

* [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/william-dalrymple-maritime-trade-route-india-europe-silk-road-8935580/ William Dalrymple Explains | The ancient history behind the maritime trade route between India and Europe]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World, The}}
[[Category:2024 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:21st-century history books]]
[[Category:Books by William Dalrymple]]
[[Category:History books about India]]
[[Category:Bloomsbury Publishing books]]
[[Category:Books about India]]

Ā (Malayalam)

2026-04-21T05:50:11Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{Short description|Second letter of the Malayalam script}}

'''ആ''' is the second letter of the [[Malayalam script]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Steever |first=Sanford B. |title=The Dravidian Languages |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unicode Consortium |date=2025 |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 17.0: Malayalam Code Chart (U+0D00–U+0D7F) |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf}}</ref> It is an independent vowel letter that represents the open central unrounded vowel /[[Open central unrounded vowel|ä]]/.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishnamurti |first=Bhadriraju |title=The Dravidian Languages |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> In the Malayalam [[abugida]], ആ is classified as a ''guru'' (long vowel), a category that influences metrical rules in poetry and grammatical [[sandhi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Varma |first=A. R. Raja Raja |title=കേരളപാണിനീയം |date=1896}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Brahmic-script-stub}}
[[Category:Malayalam script]]
[[Category:Brahmic graphemes]]

S. Ramassamy

2026-04-21T02:55:07Z

MohamedBehan20: put up the data w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Ramassamy
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Chief Minister of Puducherry|Chief Minister of Pondicherry]]
| term_start = 2 July 1977
| term_end = 12 November 1978
| lieutenant_governor = [[Bidesh Tukaram Kulkarni|B. T. Kulkarni]]
| predecessor = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
| constituency = [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
| term_start1 = 6 March 1974
| term_end1 = 28 March 1974
| lieutenant_governor1 = [[Chhedi Lal|Cheddi Lal]]
| predecessor1 = [[President's rule]]
| successor1 = [[M. O. H. Farook]]
| constituency1 = [[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|6|5|df=y}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=woJmAAAAMAAJ&q=Ramasamy+%225+jun+39%22 India Who's who.] INFA Publications, 2004, p. 180</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WIBmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Ramasamy,+S%22+%225+june+39%22 India Who's who.] INFA Publications, 1997, p. 163</ref>
| birth_place = [[Karaikal]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2017|5|15|1939|6|5}}
| death_place = Karaikal, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[India]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| alma_mater = [[Annamalai University|Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu]]
}}
'''Subrahmanyan Ramassamy''' (5 June 1939 – 15 May 2017) was an Indian politician who was the fourth [[List of Chief Minister of Pondicherry|Chief Minister]] of the [[Puducherry (union territory)|Union Territory of Puducherry]], then Pondicherry. He served 3rd Assembly from 6 March 1974 to 28 March 1974 and 4th Assembly from 2 July 1977 to 12 November 1978.<ref name="worldstatesmen">{{cite web|title=States of India since 1947 - Pondicherry (Puducherry)|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#Puducherry}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/former-puducherry-chief-minister-ramassamy-passes-away/articleshow/58679164.cms|title=Former Puducherry Chief Minister Ramassamy passes away|date=15 May 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|agency=PTI|accessdate=22 September 2019}}</ref>

== Political career ==

Ramaswamy started his political career in [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] and became the Home Minister of Pondicherry in the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] - [[Communist Party of India]] coalition ministry from 1969 to 1973 but soon after shifted his allegiance to the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] in 1973 a Party founded by [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in 1972 as a breakaway faction of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].

In 1974 [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Pondicherry Legislative Assembly]] election, [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] - [[Communist Party of India]] coalition came to power, and Ramaswamy was made Chief Minister for a brief period. He was again sworn in as Chief Minister in 1977 that lasted in office for a little over one year. He successfully contested as Independent from Karaikal in 1985. Later, Ramaswamy joined [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-former-puducherry-chief-minister-ramassamy-passes-away-2438647|title=Puducherry: Former CM Subrahmanyan Ramaswamy passes away|date=15 May 2017|newspaper=The DNA India|accessdate=28 November 2020}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
*'''[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]'''
{|class="wikitable"
!Year!!Post!!Constituency!!Party
|-
|1969||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|M.L.A]]||[[Neravy T. R. Pattinam Assembly constituency|Neravy – T. R. Pattinam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|-
|1974||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|M.L.A]]||[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]||[[AIADMK]]
|-
|1977||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|M.L.A]]||[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]||[[AIADMK]]
|-
|1985||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|M.L.A]]||[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]||[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|1990||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|M.L.A]]||[[Karaikal South Assembly constituency|Karaikal South]]||[[AIADMK]]
|}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before = [[M. O. H. Farook]]
|title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Pondicherry|Chief Minister of Pondicherry]]
|years = 6 March 1974 – 28 March 1974
|after = President's rule
}}
{{succession box
|before = President's rule
|title = Chief Minister of Pondicherry
|years = 2 July 1977 – 12 November 1978
|after = President's rule
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief ministers of Puducherry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramaswamy, Subramanyan}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Puducherry]]

{{Puducherry-politician-stub}}

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

Sukhwinder Singh Kotli

2026-04-12T13:45:46Z

MohamedBehan20: Added bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sukhwinder Singh Kotli
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]]
| majority = [[Indian National Congress]]
| predecessor = [[Pawan Kumar Tinu]]
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
}}
'''Sukhwinder Singh Kotli''' is an Indian politician representing the [[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=14 January 2024 |publisher=hindustantimes.com}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly.<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Profile |url=https://punjabassembly.nic.in/(S(xuywtehky5sdkdahc4m2cq1e))/Members/MembersProfile?MemberID=212 |website=Punjab Vidhan Sabha |publisher=Punjab Government |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly
* Member - Committee on estimates<ref>{{cite web |title=SCOPE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES |url=https://punjabassembly.nic.in/(S(y5022fcgzdmxlzig1ql2sv1a))/Committees/CommitteeOnEstimates |website=Punjab Vidhan Sabha |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>
* Member - Committee of Panchayati Raj Institutions<ref>{{cite web |title=COMMITTEE ON PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS |url=https://punjabassembly.nic.in/(S(y5022fcgzdmxlzig1ql2sv1a))/Committees/CommitteeOnPanchayatiRajInstitutions |website=Punjab Vidhan Sabha |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kotli, Sukhwinder Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-INC-politician-stub}}

91.9 Sidharth FM

2026-04-09T22:28:02Z

MohamedBehan20: Made New Article First Draft!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox radio station
| logo = Sidharth FM LOGO.jpg
| owner = Sitaram Agarwal & Namita Agarwal
| airdate = {{Start date|2017|4|29|df=yes}}
| name = 91.9 Sidharth FM
| city = [[Cuttack]], Odisha
| country = IN
| frequency = {{Frequency|91.9|MHz}}
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| network = [[Sidharth TV Network]]
| format = Contemporary hit radio
| coordinates =
| callsign_meaning =
| sister_stations =
| webcast = [https://onlineradiofm.in/stations/sarthak-fm Sarthak FM Station]
| website = {{URL|www.sidharthfm.com}}
}}
'''91.9 Sidharth FM''', earlier known as Sarthak FM. Sidharth FM radio stations broadcast from [[Cuttack]]. This channel provides 24x7 superhit Odia songs and Hindi songs music. The promoters of this group are Sitaram Agarwal & Namita Agarwal.
Enriched with a vast library of Odia Songs, the station was launched on 29 April 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/biz/radio/private-fm-stations/160728-sarthak-music-ready-launch-fm-station/|title=Sarthak Music ready to launch FM Station at Bhubaneswar - www.radioandmusic.com|website=www.radioandmusic.com}}</ref>

From 1 September 2021, 91.9 Sarthak FM has been renamed as 91.9 Sidharth FM. Post launch of three satellite television channels by Sidharthtv Network - [[Sidharth TV]] (GEC), Sidharth Bhakti (Devotional) and Sidharth Gold (Movies & Music) in May 2021 they have incorporated all their business verticals under the brand of Sidharth.

The first independent song of 91.9 Sidharth FM is '''''Niswasa To Bina Mora Chalena.'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCdra4JYDLE|title = Niswasa to Bina | Odia Music Video | Subhasish & Anisha | ନିଶ୍ୱାସ ତୋ ବିନା | Sidharth Music|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlNNYDHf_uE/|title=Niswasa To Bina Mora Chalena - www.youtube.com|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

==Broadcasting==
Sidharth FM is broadcast from [[Cuttack]] stations in Odisha at 91.9 FM frequency.

==Programmes==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Days
!Time
!Show Name
!Radio Jockey
!Details
|-
|Mon-Sun
|5 AM - 6 AM
|Aradhana
|RJ Sonalisa
|All renowned singer's top Bhajans with Prabachaka Kalpana Tripathy's Day specific Two links
|-
|Mon-Sun
|6 AM - 7 AM
|Puja Phula
|RJ Sonalisa
|Dedicated Devotional Show with Back-to-Back Songs of Namita Agrawal
|-
|Mon-Sat
|7 AM - 9 AM
|MJ with Jalsha Boy Sunny
|RJ Sunny
|Morning infos, Interactive chatting with callers regarding recent happenings, Weather update, Gold Rate, special occasions, festivals & Traffic Updates. Today's event at Sri Mandir.
|-
|Mon-Sat
|9 AM - 1 PM
|FILMY SHRUTI
|RJ SHRUTI
|SYNDICATE SHOW (The show sticks to its thought of Masala content and Filmy Talks).
|-
|Mon-Sat
|1 PM - 5 PM
|Mid Day Magic With Madhu
|RJ MADHU
|Topic-based Information with listeners' song Dedication. Fully interactive show with listeners.
|-
|Mon-Sat
|5 PM - 9 PM
|CAFÉ 919
|RJ Ayushman
|Special Topic with phone calls, India is not for beginners funny info,Sports,Netigen's Masala, Bollywood Entertainment, OTT,Funny One linner in extro
|-
|Mon-Sat
|9 PM - 12 AM
|SHREYA CAFÉ
|RJ SHREYA
|SYNDICATE SHOW (The show sticks to feel-good moments relating to people, place, emotions, lifestyle, OTT, Story)
|}

== Weekend special shows ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Days
!Time
!Show Name
!Radio Jockey
!Details
|-
|Sunday
|7 AM - 9 AM
|Chhuti Re Khati
|RJ Madhu
|Interesting updates around the world along with local topics.
|-
|Sunday
|9 AM - 1 PM
|FILMY SHRUTI Weekend Special
|RJ SHRUTI
|SYNDICATE SHOW (The show sticks to its thought of Masala content and Filmy Talks)
|-
|Sunday
|1 PM - 3 PM
|Chal Gapiba Gita Suniba
|RJ Sunayana
|Topic-based Information with listeners' song Dedication. Fully interactive show with listeners.
|-
|Sunday
|3 PM - 5 PM
|KHB (Katha Haba Bindas)
|RJ Sunny
|Every show with a new celebrity from any field about their achievements or day-specific topics.
|-
|Sunday
|5 PM - 9 PM
|CAFÉ 919
|RJ Ayushman
|Special Topic with phone calls, India is not for beginners funny info,Sports,Netigen's Masala, Bollywood Entertainment, One linner in extro
|-
|Sunday
|9 PM - 12 AM
|SHREYA CAFÉ
|RJ SHREYA
|SYNDICATE SHOW (The show sticks to feel-good moments relating to people, place, emotions, lifestyle, OTT, Story).
|-

|}

==YouTube channels==
*[[YouTube]] channel of Sidharth FM for new odia songs is Sidharth Music.
*For devotional songs - Sidharth Bhakti & Namita Agarwal.

==See also==
*[[:or:ନମିତା ଅଗ୍ରୱାଲ|Namita Agarwal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord |20.477259|85.841499|display=title}}

[[Category:2017 establishments in Odisha]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 2017]]
[[Category:Mass media in Odisha]]
[[Category:Radio stations in India]]

{{India-radio-station-stub}}

Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:17:10Z

MohamedBehan20: Made Initial Pg First Draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1952 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=52-124}}</ref>
| abolished = 1952
| electors = 60,743
| mla = [[Bhaskar Tukaram Auti]]
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

[[Bhaskar Tukaram Auti|Bhaskarrao Auti]]
'''Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] election it was split in to [[Ahmednagar North Assembly constituency]] and [[Ahmednagar South Assembly constituency]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || [[Bhaskar Tukaram Auti]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bhaskar Tukaram Auti]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 12,570 |percentage = 56.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagat Dattatraya Kundiram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,612 |percentage = 43.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,958 |percentage = 13.34% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 22,182 |percentage = 36.52% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 22,182}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,743 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Communist Party of India |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Arikomban

2026-04-09T15:12:52Z

MohamedBehan20: Made First Stub W/ Sources!

{{short description|Indian elephant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox animal
| name = Arikomban
| image = Arikomban elephant.jpg
| image_size = 320px
| caption = Arikomban found sleeping in a tea estate at [[Chinnakanal]]
| species = ''[[Elephas maximus]]'' (Asian
elephant)
| breed =
| gender = Male
| birth_date = 1986/1987
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| relativeage =
| nationality = India
| occupation =
| employer =
| years_active =
| known = Ransacking stores of rice
| predecessor =
| successor =
| owner =
| weight =
| height =
| namedafter =
| website =
}}
'''Arikomban''' (born {{circa|1986/1987}}) is a wild male [[Indian elephant]] from [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-29 |title=Rogue elephant Arikomban darted with tranquillisers in Kerala's Idukki |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/rogue-elephant-arikomban-darted-with-tranquillisers-in-keralas-idukki-8582548/ |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The elephant is known for his raids on local shops for rice and causing damage in [[Chinnakanal]] area of [[Munnar]] and is rumoured to have killed ten people and injured many.<ref name="N(L">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aasheesh |title=The Hunt for Arikomban: how a Kerala rogue elephant that killed 10 people is still on the loose |url=https://www.news9live.com/india/the-hunt-for-arikomban-how-a-kerala-rogue-elephant-that-killed-10-people-is-still-on-the-loose-au2209-2119723 |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=news9live.com |date=28 Apr 2023}}</ref> It is considered one of the most [[List of individual elephants#Notorious elephants|notorious elephants]] in the world. The name Arikomban is a combination of the [[Malayalam]] words ''ari'', meaning rice, and ''komban'', meaning tusker.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-01 |title=Arikomban: 'Killer' Indian elephant relocated to tiger reserve |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65446247 |access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref>

Arikomban is estimated to be born in the late 1980s. He was initially known as ''Chinnakomban''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arikomban went from orphaned calf to troublemaker - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/mar/24/arikomban-went-from-orphaned-calf-to-troublemaker-2558906.amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410102707/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/mar/24/arikomban-went-from-orphaned-calf-to-troublemaker-2558906.amp |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> The elephant started violence in the region in the early 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title='Arikomban', Kerala's Rice-Eating Rogue Elephant Relocated Amidst Row: The Story So Far |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/arikomban-keralas-rice-eating-rogue-elephant-relocated-the-story-so-far-article-99907064 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> Arikomban's practice involves breaking into ration shops, home kitchens and grocery stores and eating rice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chasing Arikomban: Why is Kerala looking for a rogue wild elephant since 2018 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arikomban-kerala-idukki-search-tranquilise-radio-collar-relocate-wild-tusker-rice-eating-elephant-jumbo-2365775-2023-04-28 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=India Today |date=28 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> A native's ration shop in Panniyar Estate was vandalized nine times in a year by Arikomban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-29 |title=How rogue tusker Arikomban was finally captured |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/rogue-tusker-arikomban-captured-8583086/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Since 2005, more than 75 buildings have been destroyed by the elephant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-29 |title=ഇതാണ് അരിക്കൊമ്പൻ |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/arikomban-mission-moonnar-chinnakkanala-1.8518258 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Newspaper |language=en}}</ref> On 29 April 2023, the Kerala wildlife department tranquillised and captured Arikomban from Chinnakanal and released into the [[Periyar National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala's Rogue Elephant Tranqualised, Shifted To Periyar Tiger Reserve |url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/mission-arikomban-keralas-rogue-elephant-tranqualised-shifted-to-periyar-tiger-reserve-3991734 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== History ==

In 2017, [[Kerala Forest Department]] tried unsuccessfully to capture Arikomban. One of the most experienced "[[Kumki (elephant)|Kumkis]]" (trained elephant) handlers in India, Anamalai Kaleem, led the operation, tracked the elephant, and hit it with tranquilliser shots, but it escaped into the wilderness.

In March 2023 a proposal to capture Arikomban by the Kerala government was initially controversial. Animal rights activists opposed the Kerala Forest Department's decision to capture and tame Kumuki elephants at the [[Kodanad Abhayaranyam animal shelter and elephant training centre|Kodanad Elephant Center]] in [[Ernakulam district]]. They petitioned the [[Kerala High Court]], which prevented the department from going ahead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-04-29 |title=Mission 'Arikomban' successful; to be shifted to an undisclosed location |url=https://theprint.in/india/mission-arikomban-successful-to-be-shifted-to-an-undisclosed-location/1546681/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The court appointed an expert committee to investigate the matter, which recommended moving the elephant to the [[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve]], a wilderness region with no possibility of [[Human-elephant conflict in Kerala|human–elephant conflict]]. Protests quickly broke out in the Parambikulam neighbourhood as locals vehemently opposed the decision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=11 teams and fake grocery shops: Kerala forest department prepares to tame rogue elephant Arikomban |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/11-teams-and-fake-grocery-shops-kerala-forest-department-prepares-to-tame-rogue-elephant-arikomban-16243901.htm |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref> The Kerala government was then instructed by the High Court to release Arikomban in a location chosen by the government while concealing the location. The court then instructed the forest department to follow the elephant, tranquillize it, and then fasten a radio collar around its neck to monitor its activities.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Forest officials in Kerala on a mission to capture Arikomban, the rice eating elephant |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/forest-officials-in-kerala-on-a-mission-to-capture-arikomban-the-rice-eating-elephant/articleshow/99862467.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The government sought alternative areas to relocate the elephant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-12 |title='Arikomban' puts Kerala government in a catch-22 situation |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/arikomban-puts-kerala-government-in-a-catch-22-situation-1208947.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arikomban: 'Killer' Indian elephant relocated to tiger reserve |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65446247 |access-date=6 May 2023 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=1 May 2023}}</ref> Arun Zachariah, a wildlife veterinarian, was in charge of the mission to capture Arikomban, assisted by 150 people from the police, health, and motor vehicles departments as well as the rescue services. In a two-day operation, the elephant was successfully tranquillized and herded into a truck using four [[Kumki (elephant)|kumki elephants]] and sent to the [[Periyar National Park|Periyar Tiger Reserve]] on 29 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala: Mission 'Arikomban' successful, rice-eating tusker being shifted to Periyar Tiger Reserve - The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/04/30/kerala-mission-arikomban-successful-rice-eating-tusker-being-shifted-to-periyar-tiger-reserve.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.theweek.in}}</ref> After Government of Kerala's Relocation efforts failed the Tusker entered inside Cumbum forest range and it was wandering in villages around Cumbum, then the matter went into the hands of [[Tamil Nadu Forest Department|Tamil nadu forest department]], two locations were selected to relocate Arikomban such as Srivilliputtur and Kalakkad. Due to protests in Srivilliputtur Arikomban was finally relocated into dense forest spread of Kalakkad forest range near Upper Kodayar dam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 2024 |title=Arikomban is safe: TN forest dept rubbishes rumours about tusker's ill health |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/09/arikomban-safe-healthy-tamil-nadu-forest-department-rubbishes-rumours-tusker-elephant.html }}</ref>

In February 2024, it was reported that Arikomban was settling down well and was being tracked with a radio collar.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-02-12 |title=Arikomban healthy, reports alleging death malicious, says Forest Department |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/arikomban-healthy-reports-alleging-death-malicious-says-forest-department/article67838662.ece |access-date=2025-01-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
A [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam feature film]] depicting the life of Arikomban is under development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coming soon! A biopic on wild tusker Arikomban |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/05/06/wild-tusker-arikomban-sajid-yahiya-n-m-badusha.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of individual elephants]]
* [[Elephants in Kerala culture]]
* [[Padayappa (elephant)|Padayappa]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Elephants in Indian culture]]
[[Category:Elephants in Kerala]]
[[Category:Individual elephants in India]]
[[Category:1980s animal births]]
[[Category:Individual wild animals]]
[[Category:Individual Asian elephants]]
[[Category:Elephant attacks]]

Tarachand Jain

2026-04-08T15:50:42Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Tarachand Jain''' (born 1953)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tarachand Jain(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- UDAIPUR(UDAIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=65 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from Udaipur Assembly constituency in [[Udaipur district]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Udaipur Assembly Election Results 2023: Udaipur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/rajasthan/udaipur-assembly-result-20153 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live: Udaipur Election Results 2023 {{!}} Rajasthan Election Results {{!}} Elections 2023 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023/udaipur |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Jain is from [[Udaipur]], Rajasthan. He is the son of Kodarlal Jain. He studied Class 12 at Pre University Shramjivi College and passed the examinations in 1969. He is into the mining business in sukher region of udaipur and his wife is also a business partner.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Jain won from [[Udaipur Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 97,466 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Gourav Vallabh of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 32,771 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=General Elections to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results Dec-2023 Constituency 153 - Udaipur (Rajasthan) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/ConstituencywiseS20153.htm |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=ECI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Udaipur Election Result 2023 LIVE: BJP's Tarachand Jain defeats Congress' Gourav Vallabh - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/udaipur-election-result-2023-live-how-to-check-rajasthan-legislative-assembly-poll-winners-news-bjp-congress-tarachand-jain-gourav-vallabh-18462811.htm |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Udaipur constituency election result 2023: BJP's Tarachand Jain registers a big-margin win over Congress's Gourav Vallabh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/udaipur-constituency-election-result-2023-bjps-tarachand-jain-leads-congresss-gourav-vallabh/articleshow/105697084.cms |access-date=2025-01-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Tarachand}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Udaipur district]]
{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Parugu

2026-04-07T09:22:12Z

MohamedBehan20: put up some article added tags

{{Short description|2008 Indian film by Bhaskar}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parugu
| image = Parugu poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]]
| producer = [[Dil Raju]]
| writer = Bhaskar
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |[[B. V. S. Ravi]]}}
}}
| starring = [[Allu Arjun]] [[Sheela Kaur]] [[Prakash Raj]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = [[Vijay C Chakravarthy|Vijay K. Chakravarthy]]
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| distributor = {{Unbulleted list|[[Geetha Arts]]|Sri Venkateswara Creations|KAD Entertainment USA (USA)}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|05|01|ref1=<ref name="TOI" />}}
| runtime = 169 minutes<ref name="TOI" />
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = {{INR}}38 crore<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.filmyfocus.com/parugu-movie-final-total-worldwide-collections | title='పరుగు' కి 13 ఏళ్ళు.. ఫైనల్ గా ఎంత కలెక్ట్ చేసిందంటే...! - Filmy Focus | date=May 2021 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Parugu''''' ({{translation|The Run}}) is a 2008 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic action film | romantic]] [[action film | action]] [[drama film]] <ref name="TOI">{{cite news|title=Parugu Movie|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/parugu/movieshow/61315757.cms|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Times of India}}</ref> written and directed by [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]] and was produced by [[Dil Raju]] on [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]. The film stars [[Allu Arjun]], [[Sheela Kaur]] and [[Prakash Raj]]. The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]], while cinematography was handled by [[Vijay C Chakravarthy|Vijay K. Chakravarthy]].

The plot follows Neelakanta who faces heartbreak when his daughter Subbalakshmi elopes. As he searches for her with the help of Krishna, a love story blossoms between Krishna and Neelakanta's other daughter, Meenakshi. The film explores the complexities of love, family, and sacrifice.

''Parugu'' was officially launched on 15 March 2007 at [[Hyderabad]], and the [[principal photography]] began in June 2007. The film was shot in Hyderabad, [[Kerala]], [[Kodaikanal]] and [[Rajahmundry]] while a song was shot in [[Jordan]]. The principal photography came to an end in April 2008. The film released worldwide on 1 May 2008 to positive reviews and became commercially successful, earning a [[Distributor rentals|distributor share]] of {{INR}}20 [[crore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/premiere-parugu.html|title=Parugu premiere at Prasads|publisher=idlebrain.com|date=30 April 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/parugu-in-theatres-from-tomorrow--telugu-news-38292|title='Parugu' in theatres from tomorrow!|website=IndiaGlitz|date=30 April 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-01|title=అల్లు అర్జున్ పరుగు సినిమాకు 13 ఏళ్లు|trans-title=13 years for Allu Arjun's ''Parugu''|url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/stylish-star-allu-arjun-parugu-movie-completed-13-years-in-tollywood-79988/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=[[Namasthe Telangana]]|language=te}}</ref> The film won two [[Nandi Award]]s and won a [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award South]] among three nominations and it is now considered a [[cult classic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/telugu-movie-gamyam-bags-four-nandi-film-awards/article168516.ece|title=Telugu movie 'Gamyam' bags four Nandi Film Awards|work=The Hindu|date=25 October 2009|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref>

The film was dubbed into [[Malayalam]] as ''Krishna'' in the same year, achieving commercial success.''<ref>{{cite web |date=26 August 2012 |title=Allu magic enchants |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/allu-magic-enchants/article3822557.ece |access-date=20 August 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>'' It was later remade in [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''[[Sanju Aau Sanjana]]'' (2010), in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Shedin Dekha Hoyechilo]]'' (2010), in [[Nepali language|Nepali]] as ''Dabab'' (2013) and in Hindi as ''[[Heropanti]]'' (2014).

== Plot ==
Neelakanta is a revered person in the village that he resides. His daughters, Subbalakshmi and Meenakshi, are more than anything for him in the world. Subbalakshmi loves a native called Errababu, with whom she elopes on the night of her arranged marriage ceremony. Neelakanta's relative Chinnabbai suspects that Errababu's friends are involved in this, and when interrogated brutally, they reveal that two more people, Sarma from Kakinada, and Krishna from [[Hyderabad]] also may have helped the couple elope. By mistaken reference of initials in the names, P. Yagnanarayana Sarma was kidnapped from [[Kakinada]] while the original man was left untouched. At Hyderabad, a drunk Krishna is kidnapped at night near his house, who is notoriously known for being a nomad and an expert in escaping. They are imprisoned at the village's temple, and all of them plan to escape the next early morning by catching a train. While all others almost approach the train the next morning, Krishna stops when he sees Meenakshi at an Anjaneya statue and falls in love with her, though she is unaware of his presence. They all are kidnapped yet again by Neelakanta's men and are imprisoned in a small penthouse near Neelakanta's main house. Its doors remain locked, and only three windows are there where a man can see the entrance door of the main house and the nearby flooring and parking area. While his friends are horrified, Krishna is not influenced by the fact that he is in love with a village native and on eloping with her, all of them have to face big trouble from the villagers. Meanwhile, Meenakshi tries to speak with them with an intention to find out details about Subbalakshmi, and neither Krishna nor his friends can see her face because of the penthouse's style of construction.

He asks her to help him find his love and, in return promises her to tell details about Subbalakshmi's whereabouts. The added advantage to Krishna is a set of love letters received by Subbalakshmi from Errababu, which are presently in his custody, and Meenakshi is hell bent recovering them back. Meanwhile, Krishna's friend Srinu is caught red-handed who, after execution of brutal force by Neelakanta's men, reveals that the couple is in [[Visakhapatnam]]. There, Krishna manages to send the couple Guntur without the knowledge of Neelakanta's henchmen and later at the penthouse, he reveals he is the mastermind behind the act of Subbalakshmi eloping with Errababu, which is heard by Meenakshi, who hid there and escaped through the back door. Because of her, the truth is revealed, and Krishna too, finds out that his love is none other than Meenakshi. When Krishna and his friends are brutally tortured, he lies that the couple are in Hyderabad to save his friends. Neelakanta, Bullabbai, Chinnabbai, Meenakshi, and others go to Hyderabad with Krishna and his friends, but Krishna is unaware of the fact that Errababu and Subbalakshmi are in Hyderabad. All of them start searching for the couple, and Krishna earns the trust of Neelakanta, his henchmen, and Meenakshi by saving her from a bunch of goons who try to molest her, and she slowly starts reciprocating his love, though never confesses it. Krishna, too realizes the pain faced by Neelakanta because of Subbalakshmi's wrongdoings. The next day, Neelakanta and Krishna manage to catch Subbalakshmi and Errababu red-handed, and there, Subbalakshmi revolts against her father and threatens to file a police case on him. He leaves in dejection, and Krishna watches on. At the railway station, everyone parts ways with Neelakanta apologizing to Krishna and his friends, and invites them to Meenakshi's marriage. Meenakshi stares at Krishna, waiting to confess her love, though Krishna stands like a statue there till the train leaves.

Seeing his son leading a lazy, dull and unexcited life against the way he lived makes Krishna's mother Yashoda send him away to bring Meenakshi as his wife. With Srinu and Sarma pressurizing him, Krishna goes with his friends to attend the marriage. While Neelakanta is afraid Meenakshi would elope with Krishna this night, Krishna confronts Neelakanta, confesses his love for Meenakshi, and assures he would not elope with her. Realizing that Meenakshi's happiness lies in Krishna's company, he lets the lovers unite that night after halting the ongoing ceremony and also plans to bring Subbalakshmi and Errababu back to the village, thus accepting them too.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Allu Arjun]] as Krishna
* [[Sheela Kaur]] as Meenakshi “Meena”
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Neelakanta
* [[Chitram Srinu]] as Shrinu
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Ramba Reddy, Krishna's sidekick
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as P. Yagya Narayana Sharma
* [[Penmatsa Subbaraju|Subbaraju]] as Chinnabbayi
* [[Sanjay Vellanki]] as Errababu
* Chitralekha as Tulasi, Meenakshi's servant
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Sub-Inspector
* [[Jeeva (actor)|Jeeva]]
* [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanraj]] as Krishna's friend
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Krishna's friend
* Reena Rizwana
* [[Rajitha]]
*[[Ragini (Telugu actress)|Ragini]]
* Madhavi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090716/an-actress-by-chance-madhavi-talks-about-her-struggle.html|title=An actress by chance: Madhavi talks about her struggle|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=9 July 2016|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* [[Poonam Bajwa]] as Subbalakshmi ([[Cameo appearance]])
* [[Jayasudha]] as Yashoda, Krishna's mother (Cameo appearance)
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] (Cameo appearance)
{{colend}}

== Production==

=== Development ===
After the 2004 film ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'', [[Dil Raju]] wanted to produce a film with [[Allu Arjun]] as the protagonist of the film and planned to select [[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]] as the director of the film. However it did not materialize.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29644.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231161429/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29644.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2014|title=Hit trio join hands|website=IndiaGlitz|date=5 March 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Later [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]] approached them with a subject which the duo accepted. Incidentally, it was the sixth film for both Allu Arjun and Dil Raju in their career.<ref name="June start">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/arya-team-to-resurface-in-june-telugu-news-30879|title='Arya' team to resurface in June|website=IndiaGlitz|date=1 May 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> The film was officially launched on 15 March 2007 at Dil Raju's office in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/allu-arjunbhaskar-combo-film-launched-telugu-news-29902|title=Allu Arjun-Bhaskar combo film launched|website=IndiaGlitz|date=15 March 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> [[Devi Sri Prasad]] was selected initially as the music director though [[Mani Sharma]] replaced him later.<ref name="May shoot">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/dil-raju-allu-arjuns-combo-to-begin-in-may-telugu-news-29983|title='Dil' Raju - Allu Arjun's combo to begin in May|website=IndiaGlitz|date=17 March 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> The film's title has been in major headlines prior to the film's release. Initially it was reported in early December 2007 that the film is titled ''Romeo''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/is-arjuns-film-romeo--telugu-news-35032|title=Is Arjun's film 'Romeo'?|website=IndiaGlitz|date=1 December 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> In early February 2008, it was reported that the film is titled ''Premikudu'' which was the title of the Telugu dubbed version of [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s ''[[Kaadhalan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/will-arjun-be-premikudu-after-romeo--telugu-news-36459|title=Will Arjun be 'Premikudu' after 'Romeo'?|website=IndiaGlitz|date=8 February 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Later the titles ''Enta Ghaatu Premayo'', ''Araku'' and ''Varadhi'' were considered before being titled as ''Parugu''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/All-about-a-name/articleshow/2792681.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019185350/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-19/news-interviews/27777563_1_allu-arjun-film-titles|url-status=live|archive-date=19 October 2012|title=All about a name|date=19 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> In an interview, Bhaskar said that this film is based on real life characters and the scenes in the film are based on real life happenings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/bhaskars-take-on-parugu-telugu-news-38149|title=Bhaskar's take on 'Parugu'|website=IndiaGlitz|date=24 April 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Allu Arjun]] was a part of the film since its initial stages. He had to shed weight he gained in course of building a six pack body for the film ''[[Desamuduru]]'' for this film and maintained a short hair style as he had to appear like a common middle-class man.<ref name="Sify int">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/interview.php?id=14638906&cid=2410|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825144837/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/interview.php?id=14638906&cid=2410|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2014|title=Allu Arjun:" Parugu is a feel-good film"|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 April 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raagalahari.com/stars/interviews/241/allu-arjun-talks-abpout-parugu.aspx|title=Allu Arjun talks abpout "Parugu"|publisher=raagalahari.com|date=2 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> After considering [[Vedhicka]] for the female lead, [[Priyamani]] was selected in mid-July 2007 marking her first collaboration with Allu Arjun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2007/allu-arjun-priyamani-230707.html|title=Allu Arjun and Priyamani together|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=23 July 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> However, Priyamani walked out of the project and it was reported in mid-August 2007 that she would be replaced with [[Sheela (Tamil actress)|Sheela]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/news/news.aspx?it=11624|title=Sheela to play opposite Allu Arjun?|publisher=nowrunning.com|date=16 August 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Her inclusion was confirmed by [[Puri Jagannadh]] who said that her performance in the film ''Hello Premistara'' impressed Bhaskar and Dil Raju which made them sign her for this role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/interview/6820.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012122627/http://indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/interview/6820.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2007|title=Sai will prove as a hero with 'Hello Premistara' - Puri Jagannath|website=IndiaGlitz|date=21 August 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> [[Prakash Raj]], who played an important role in Bhaskar's debut ''[[Bommarillu]]'' was signed for an equally important role in this film which the actor quoted as the best role in the film.<ref name="audio"/> [[Subbaraju]] was selected for an important role with negative shades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/of-negative-charm/article1417388.ece|title=Of negative charm|work=The Hindu|date=27 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> [[Poonam Bajwa]] made a crucial [[cameo appearance]] in this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tamil/news-interviews/Poonam-Little-miss-Sunshine/articleshow/5381849.cms|title=Poonam: Little miss Sunshine|work=The Times of India|date=28 December 2009|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Telugu anchor Chitralekha was selected for a small supporting role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/on-her-own-terms/article4960973.ece|title=On her own terms|work=The Hindu|date=28 July 2013|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> [[Saptagiri (Actor)|Saptagiri]] debuted as a comedian with this film. Regarding his casting, he said "I assisted Bommarillu Bhaskar for the film Parugu and he was impressed with my narrative skill. He offered me a role, and I received acclaim."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywoods-new-funny-men/articleshow/28892726.cms|title=Tollywood's new funny men|work=The Times of India|date=16 January 2014|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
During the film's launch, it was planned that the [[principal photography]] would commence in May 2007.<ref name="May shoot"/> It was reported in early May 2007 that the principal photography would begin in June 2007, and the technicians are yet to be finalized.<ref name="June start"/> In mid-August 2007, the filming continued at [[Kodaikanal]] where a song and few important scenes were shot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/bunny-shoots-his-film-at-kodaikanal-telugu-news-33272|title=Bunny shoots his film at Kodaikanal|website=IndiaGlitz|date=28 August 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Later, the film's shoot continued in locales of [[Kerala]] where crucial scenes on Allu Arjun, Sheela and Prakash Raj were shot.<ref name="IndiaGlitz">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/allu-arjun-will-go-to-jordan-for-parugu-telugu-news-37114|title=Allu Arjun will go to Jordan for 'Parugu'|website=IndiaGlitz|date=7 March 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> By 29 September 2007 the film's Kerala schedule was complete by which 30% of the film's shoot was wrapped up. The next schedule started at Hyderabad in the first week of October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/allu-arjuns-film-shoots-at-kerala-telugu-news-33096|title=Allu Arjun's film shoots at Kerala|website=IndiaGlitz|date=18 August 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> The film's climax was shot at Kodaikanal in mid-October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/34078.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140820095704/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/34078.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 August 2014|title=Bunny's film to hit screen in Jan 2008|website=IndiaGlitz|date=13 October 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Later, the shooting continued in mid-November 2007 at [[Rajahmundry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/allu-arjun-shoots-in-rajahmundry-hindi-news-34759|title=Allu Arjun shoots in Rajahmundry|website=IndiaGlitz|date=20 November 2007|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> It was estimated then that the filming would be wrapped up by January 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/34933.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130043543/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/34933.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 November 2007|title=Allu Arjun's film to wrap up by January|website=IndiaGlitz|date=27 November 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> From 15 March 2008 the filming continued at [[Jordan]] where songs on Allu Arjun and Sheela were shot.<ref name="IndiaGlitz"/> Later, in an interview on 8 April 2008, Allu Arjun confirmed that 90% of the shooting is complete and the rest would be wrapped in a week.<ref name="Sify int"/>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Parugu (soundtrack)}}[[Mani Sharma]] composed the soundtrack and the background score of the film which marks his first collaboration with both Bhaskar and Allu Arjun. The film's soundtrack featured six songs with lyrics written by [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]], [[Anantha Sreeram]] and [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]].<ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2008 |title=Music launch - Parugu |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-parugu.html |access-date=20 August 2014 |publisher=idlebrain.com}}</ref> The film's soundtrack was marketed by [[Aditya Music]] and launched on 29 March 2008 at [[Durgam Cheruvu]] and [[Chiranjeevi]] attended the launch as the chief guest.<ref name="audio">{{cite web |date=29 March 2008 |title=Megastar released Parugu audio! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Megastar-released--I-Parugu--I--audio-news-telugu-kkftF2ahidfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826114501/http://www.sify.com/movies/Megastar-released--I-Parugu--I--audio-news-telugu-kkftF2ahidfsi.html |archive-date=26 August 2015 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film's soundtrack was critically and commercially well received, and the platinum disc function was held at Jayabheri Club in Hyderabad on 17 May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/I-Parugu--I--celebrates-double-platinum-news-telugu-kkft4ijdacgsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828003728/http://www.sify.com/movies/I-Parugu--I--celebrates-double-platinum-news-telugu-kkft4ijdacgsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2015|title=Parugu celebrates double platinum|website=[[Sify]]|date=18 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The movie is interesting and a must watch for more than one reason. The usually loud and energy effusing Arjun downplays his role and gives a heartfelt performance. Bhaskar runs a compassionate thread throughout the film even while he spends the first half of the film introducing the characters and seamlessly breaks the flow of characters with humour and minimum violence. There are a few emotionally intense, and fewer tear-jerking moments in the film, but they serve to move the character forward, but to enjoy this film, watch it without any expectation, and you will be surprised with the engaging and a racy tone of the first half and the interesting development of Prakash Raj’s character post interval".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/parugu-keeps-you-glued-to-the-seats/article1250210.ece|title='Parugu' keeps you glued to the seats|work=The Hindu|date=2 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> ''Cinegoer.net'' gave a review stating "A good narrative and a strong subject, with some humor and music added in good measure-Parugu, is another movie from Dil Raju-Bhaskar that is likeable. It may not be up to Bommarillu's standards because the subject itself has been dealt with several times before, and there is a lack of freshness. Nonetheless, the movie is a good watch, and Bhasker proves he's not a one film wonder" and rated the film 3.25/5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.net/reviews/parugu+review.htm|title=Parugu Review - Bhaskar Handles 'Dad-Dynamics' Well|publisher=Cinegoer.net|date=1 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Oneindia.in|Oneindia Entertainment]]'' gave a review stating, "Till the interval bang, director Bhaskar has given the audiences an impression that he was able to overcome the second film hitch, which is haunting most of the debutante directors. But he has made mistakes inadvertently in the second half. He has failed to extract the exact emotions from the artists, and the story appears to be dragging and nagging till the climax. However, he has given a good twist in the climax and has made it a little interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/reviews/2008/parugu-review-020508.html|title=Parugu Review|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|date=2 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' gave a review stating "First half is good and entertaining with nice ambiance. The movie's tempo goes down as soon as the gang shifts to Hyderabad in the second half. The climax of the film appears a little hesitant and ambiguous. The plus points of the film are the energetic performance by Allu Arjun and well made first half. On the flip side, the emotions in the second half don't work, and the movie lacks soul. We have to wait and see how this film fares at box office" and rated the film three out of five.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2008 |title=Telugu Movie review - Parugu |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-parugu.html |access-date=20 August 2014 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "Bhaskar does well in not allowing the heroine and hero to meet face to face, thereby maintaining the suspense. The screenplay in the first half is fast paced, followed by a rather slow second half. The climax is rather tame. Bhaskar ensures that the largely rural setting of the story will go down well with the rural as well as the urban audience. One has to wait and watch if the 'Dil' Raju-Bhaskar duo can repeat the magic of ''Bommarillu'' with ''Parugu''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/02ssp.htm|title=Not as good as Bommarillu|work=Rediff.com|date=2 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote "Producer Dil Raju and director Bhaskar, who created magic among the class and mass audiences with the film Bommarillu has failed to repeat the same in this much-hyped film with Allu Arjun. The movie just doesn’t live up to the huge expectations. It has songs that are sensationally choreographed and have excellent camerawork, but it's still a film with a plot that just doesn't work. It’s an average film at best. Don't go in expecting too much, perhaps you won't be too disappointed".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/parugu-review-telugu-14662822.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827021057/http://www.sify.com/movies/parugu-review-telugu-14662822.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 August 2014|title=Parugu Review|website=[[Sify]]|date=2 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> ''IndiaGlitz'' wrote "The entire first half gave the audiences an impression that Bommarillu Bhaskar is all set to continue the magic which he did in 'Bommarillu'. However, he trembled in the second half as he doesn't know how to continue the story further. Most of the scenes are very boring, and the audiences were seen moving impatiently in their seats in the absence of enough comedy relief. Too much of emotional scenes in the second half tested the patience of audiences."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/parugu-review-telugu-movie-review-10034|title=Parugu Review - A real life story or a message-oriented film?|website=IndiaGlitz|date=1 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> ''greatandhra.com'' gave a review stating "This is the second film by Bommarillu Bhaskar and the next film for Allu Arjun after Desamuduru. It is obvious that the expectations of Arjun fans will be big as their hero's film hitting screens after a very long time. Dil Raju produced it, and hence Bommarillu charisma is added to it. But things didn't gel well with the expectations. The film proved to be a letdown disappointing many" and rated the film {{Fraction|2|1|2}} / 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/parugu-review-expectations-not-reached--7205.html|title='Parugu' Review: Expectations Not Reached|publisher=greatandhra.com|date=1 May 2008|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]] - 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020 | language=Telugu}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film - Bronze]] - [[Dil Raju]]
* [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]] - [[Allu Arjun]]

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]] - Allu Arjun
;;Nominations
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]] - Dil Raju
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]] - [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]] - Saketh - "Nammavemo Ganee"

== Dubbed version and remakes ==
''Parugu'' was remade in [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''[[Sanju Aau Sanjana]]'' (2010), in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Shedin Dekha Hoyechilo]]'' (2010), in [[Nepali language|Nepali]] as ''Dabab'' (2013) and in Hindi as ''[[Heropanti]]'' (2014). The film was dubbed and released into [[Malayalam film|Malayalam]] under the title ''Krishna'' which became a blockbuster at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 August 2012|title=Allu magic enchants|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/allu-magic-enchants/article3822557.ece|access-date=20 August 2014|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1198349|Parugu}}

{{Bhaskar (director)}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bhaskar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kodaikanal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Jordan]]
[[Category:2008 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:2008 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara Creations films]]

Harangi Dam

2026-04-03T07:24:03Z

MohamedBehan20: put up post...

{{Short description|Dam and reservoir in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name =Harangi Dam
| image =File:Harangi Reservoir, Coorg.jpg
| image_caption =
| name_official =
| dam_crosses =Harangi River
| res_name =
| location =Hudgur, [[Kushalnagar]], [[Kodagu]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| operator =Karnataka Irrigation Department
| dam_length =2775 ft <ref name="nic"/>
| dam_height =164 ft <ref name="nic"/>
| dam_width_base =
| construction_began = 1969
| opening = 1982
| cost =
| res_capacity_total =8.50 [[Tmcft]]<ref name="nic"/>
| res_catchment =419.58 sq.km <ref name="nic"/>
| res_surface =
| coordinates = {{coord|12|29|30|N|75|54|20|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| extra =
}}

The '''Harangi Dam''' is located near Hudgur village, [[Kushalnagar]] [[taluk]] in [[Kodagu]] district in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="nic">{{cite web |url=http://waterresources.kar.nic.in/salient_features_harangi.htm|title=National Informatics Centre, Karnataka}}</ref> The [[masonry dam]] is built across the river Harangi, a [[tributary]] of the [[Kaveri]].<ref name="nic"/><ref name="niclink">{{cite web |url=http://waterresources.kar.nic.in/river_systems.htm|title=National Informatics Centre, Karnataka: River Systems Of Karnataka}}</ref> The dam is located about {{cvt|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the heart of [[Kushalnagar]] town.

==History==
The Harangi Hydroelectric Project was set up by Energy Development Company Limited (EDCL) on the Left bank of Harangi Dam, parallel to left bank irrigation canal. The 9 megawatt (2×4.5 MW) project was started in April 1997, and was fully into commercial operation by July 1999. It falls under the "Small" category of hydropower projects (3-25 MW).

The estimated project cost was Rs. 11.06 [[crore]]s (Rs. 110.6 million) and the actual cost escalated to Rs. 58.00 crores (Rs. 580.0 million). The reservoir covers an area of {{cvt|20.03|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="EPW">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=S.K. |date=17 March 1990 |title=Evaluating Large Dams in India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4396048 |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=25 |issue=11 |pages=561–574|jstor=4396048 }}</ref>

Phase-II of the project is to install a 6 megawatt unit, currently under planning.

== Geography ==
The Harangi River originates in the [[Pushpagiri, Karnataka|Pushpagiri]] Hills of the [[Western Ghats]] in [[Kodagu]], [[Karnataka]].<ref name="niclink"/> Heavy rainfall from the south-west monsoon is the source of water in its catchment area which is about {{cvt|419.58|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="niclink"/> The Harangi is the first major tributary of the Kaveri. The length of the Harangi from its origin to the confluence with the Kaveri river is {{cvt|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="niclink"/> The Harangi joins the Kaveri near [[Kudige]], {{cvt|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Kushalnagar.

The Harangi Reservoir, located before the confluence, covers an area of {{cvt|20.03|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="EPW"/> The catchment area is a rich biosphere. Between the open water and the dry land are marshy wetlands.<ref name="KrishnaBirds">{{Cite journal |last=Krishna |first=M.P. |date=April 2018 |title=Diversity Studies of Birds in and around Harangi Reservoir, Kodagu District, Central Western Ghats |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1812609.pdf |journal=International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=1402–1410}}</ref>

The area has a highland climate without extreme variations. The rainfall is mostly from the southwest monsoon, during June to September.<ref name="BirdVegKodagu" />

=== Flora ===
Kodagu district is one of the most densely forested districts in India, with about 80% tree cover and 36% covered with forests. Based on the rainfall, the district is classified into Wet, Intermediate and Dry zones.<ref name="BirdVegKodagu">{{Cite journal |last1=Jhenkhar |first1=M. |last2=Jadeyegowda |first2=M. |display-authors=1 |date=June 2016 |title=Bird Diversity Across Different Vegetation Types in Kodagu, Central Western Ghats, India |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2838707 |journal=International Journal of Zoology and Research |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=25–36|ssrn=2838707 }}</ref> The forests surrounding the Harangi reservoir include several types: scrub, deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen.<ref name="KrishnaBirds"/>

===Fauna===
==== Birds ====
[[File:Flight Black-headed Ibis Harangi Coorg Apr24 D72 26790.jpg|thumb|[[Black-headed ibis]] (''Threskiornis melanocephalus''), ca. April 2024]]
A study conducted in the vicinity of the Harangi Reservoir from June 2016 to May 2017 recorded 44 species of birds. The best season for birds was post-monsoon (October–January) during which all species were found and about half the species were common or abundant. In the summer season (February–May), only Red-whiskered bulbul (''Pycnonotus jocosus'') and Yellow-browed bulbul (''Acritillas indica'') were occasional, others being rare or absent. In the monsoon season (June to September), only a few egrets and ibises were occasional, with all other species being rare or absent.<ref name="KrishnaBirds"/> Kodagu district has a much larger number of bird species, 214 being recorded in a study in 2016.<ref name="BirdVegKodagu" /> The online database of bird observations, [[eBird]], reported a total of 366 species sighted as of April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2024 |title=Kodagu, Karnataka, India: Bird List |url=https://ebird.org/region/IN-KA-KD/bird-list |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419110753/https://ebird.org/region/IN-KA-KD/bird-list |archive-date=19 April 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=[[eBird]] |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Mammals ====
The surrounding dubare forest area and near reservoir areas are known to harbor animals like deer and monkeys.

'''''Aquatic life'''''

The reservoir is used for fishing , indicating a variety of fish species, through specific species are not commonly listed in tourism.

==Amenities==
===Harangi Tree Park and Elephant Camp===
[[File:Harangi Elephant Camp and Tree Park Pic 3.jpg|thumb|View point, Harangi Tree Park and Elephant Camp]]
The third Elephant Camp at Harangi was inaugurated on October 10, 2022. This is the third elephant campu in Kodagu, and the ninth elephant camp in Karnataka. The park occupies {{cvt|40|acres|ha|abbr=on}} on the right bank of the reservoir. The State Government had released Rs. 80 [[lakh]]s for the project to ease the burden of the existing elephant camps. The other two elephant camps in Kodagu are at Dubare and Mathigodu near the Anechowkur Gate that borders Mysuru.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://starofmysore.com/kodagu-gets-third-elephant-camp-at-picturesque-harangi/ | title=Kodagu gets third elephant camp at picturesque Harangi | date=10 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2024 |title=Kodagu District: Harangi Tree Park and Elephant camp |url=https://kodagu.nic.in/en/tourist-place/harangi-tree-park-and-elephant-camp/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=[[Government of Karnataka]]}}</ref>

===Harangi Backwater Resorts===

The state government is partnering with Jungle Lodges and Resorts and Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation Limited to promote watersports at Harangi Dam.<ref>{{cite press release| last=Vivan | first=Sridhar | title=Exciting news for water sport enthusiasts | website=Bangalore Mirror | date=February 9, 2024 | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/exciting-news-for-water-sport-enthusiasts/articleshow/107533526.cms | access-date=July 25, 2025}}</ref>

==Gallery==
===Dam===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Harangi_Reservoir.jpg
</gallery>
===Reservoir===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Harangi_Elephant_Camp_and_Tree_Park.jpg|Harangi Dam Reservoir viewed from [[Harangi Elephant Camp & Tree Park]]
File:SE View Central Harangi Reservoir Coorg Apr24 A7C 10613.jpg|South-east view from west bank of Harangi Reservoir, April 2024
File:NW Ghats Central Harangi Reservoir Apr24 A7C 10575.jpg|Central reservoir, backdrop of the Western Ghats, ca. April 2024
File:Sunrise Central Harangi Suntikoppa Coorg Apr24 A7C 10794.jpg|Sunrise over central reservoir, ca. April 2024
File:Harangi Elephant Camp and Tree Park Pic 5.jpg|Sitting areas in [[Harangi Elephant Camp & Tree Park]]
</gallery>

===Birds===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Oriental Skylark Harangi Coorg Apr24 D72 26744.jpg|[[Oriental skylark]] (''Alauda gulgula'') blending with grassland, April 2024
File:Flight Small Pratincole Harangi Coorg Apr24 D72 26728.jpg|[[Small pratincole]] (''Glareola lactea'') in flight, April 2024
File:Flight River Tern Harangi Coorg Apr24 D72 26635.jpg|[[River tern]] (''Sterna aurantia'') in flight, April 2024
File:Flight Swimming Indian Spot-billed Ducks Harangi Apr24 D72 26783.jpg|[[Indian spot-billed duck]]s (''Anas poecilorhyncha''), April 2024
File:Woolly-necked Storks Flight Harangi Coorg Apr24 D72 26712.jpg|[[Asian woolly-necked stork]]s (Ciconia episcopus) in flight, April 2024
File:Wood Sandpiper, Harangi, Suntikoppa, Karnataka Apr24 D72 26693.jpg|[[Wood sandpiper]] (''Tringa glareola''), April 2024
</gallery>

==References==
{{Commons category|Harangi Dam}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Kodagu (Coorg) topics}}
{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Dams in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Geography of Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

2013 Indian Grand Prix

2026-03-29T22:32:05Z

MohamedBehan20: Made The Info Needs Work!

{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Grand Prix race report
| Type = F1
| Country = India
| Grand Prix = Indian
|Previous_round = 2013 Japanese Grand Prix
|Next_round = 2013 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
| Details ref =<ref name="formal">{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/races/in_detail/india/909/circuit_diagram.html|title=2013 Formula 1 Airtel Indian Grand Prix|work=Formula1.com|publisher=[[Formula One Group|Formula One Administration]]|access-date=12 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911223942/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2018/races.html|archive-date=11 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Image = Buddh Circuit 1.svg
| image-size = 250px
| Caption = Buddh International Circuit
| Date = 27 October
| Year = 2013
| Official name = 2013 Formula 1 [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]] [[Indian Grand Prix]]<ref name="formal"/>
| Race_No = 16
| Season_No = 19
| Location = [[Buddh International Circuit]] [[Greater Noida]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| Course = Permanent racing facility
| Course_mi = 3.185
| Course_km = 5.125
| Distance_laps = 60
| Distance_mi = 190.916
| Distance_km = 307.249
| Weather = Sunny, haze
| Attendance = 60,000<ref>{{cite web |title=60,000 fans attended Indian Grand Prix |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2013/Oct/27/60000-fans-attended-indian-grand-prix-530924.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=25 May 2024 |language=en |date=27 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=F1 to MotoGP, the Buddh ends decade-long drought |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/f1-to-motogp-the-buddh-ends-decade-long-drought-101695494790514.html |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=25 May 2024 |language=en |date=24 September 2023}}</ref>
| Pole_Driver = [[Sebastian Vettel]]
| Pole_Team = [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]
| Pole_Time = 1:24.119
| Pole_Country = DEU
| Fast_Driver = [[Kimi Räikkönen]]
| Fast_Team = [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]
| Fast_Time = 1:27.679
| Fast_Lap = 60
| Fast_Country = FIN
| First_Driver = [[Sebastian Vettel]]
| First_Team = [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]
| First_Country = DEU
| Second_Driver = [[Nico Rosberg]]
| Second_Team = [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| Second_Country = DEU
| Third_Driver = [[Romain Grosjean]]
| Third_Team = [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]
| Third_Country = FRA
| Lapchart = {{F1Laps2013|IND}}
}}

The '''2013 Indian Grand Prix''' (formally the '''2013 Formula 1 Airtel Indian Grand Prix'''<ref name="formal"/>) was a [[Formula One]] [[Auto racing|motor race]] held on 27 October 2013 at the [[Buddh International Circuit]], [[Greater Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It was the sixteenth round of the [[2013 Formula One season]], and the third (and, to date, last) [[Indian Grand Prix]]. The race, contested over 60 laps, was won by [[Sebastian Vettel]], driving a [[Red Bull RB9|Red Bull]], after starting from [[pole position]]. [[Nico Rosberg]] finished second in a [[Mercedes F1 W04|Mercedes]], with [[Romain Grosjean]] behind in third driving for the [[Lotus F1|Lotus]] team. By winning the race, Sebastian Vettel secured his fourth consecutive title and his last to date, as [[Fernando Alonso]] could not catch up to Vettel in the championship with only three races remaining. [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] also clinched their fourth consecutive [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Constructors' Championship]].

This would be the last Formula One race at the Buddh International Circuit and the last Indian Grand Prix, as of the [[2025 Formula One World Championship|2025 season]].

==Report==
===Background===
The Grand Prix was contested by eleven teams, each of two drivers.<ref name=classification>{{cite web|title=2013 Indian Grand Prix – Classifications |url=http://www.fia.com/championship/fia-formula-1-world-championship/2013/2013-indian-grand-prix-classifications |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] |date=26 October 2013 |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214102524/http://www.fia.com/championship/fia-formula-1-world-championship/2013/2013-indian-grand-prix-classifications |archive-date=14 February 2014 }}</ref> The teams, also known as "[[Formula One#Constructors|constructors]]", were [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]], [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]], [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-Renault, [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]], [[Sauber]]-Ferrari, [[Force India]]-Mercedes, [[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]]-Renault, [[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-Ferrari, [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-Renault and [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]].<ref name=classification/>

Before the race, Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel led the [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Drivers' Championship]] with 297 points; Ferrari driver [[Fernando Alonso]] was second on 207 points.<ref name=indiangp>{{cite web|title=2013 Indian Grand Prix – Preview|url=http://www.fia.com/news/2013-indian-grand-prix-preview|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|date=23 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726101316/http://www.fia.com/news/2013-indian-grand-prix-preview|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> A maximum of 100 points were available in the remaining four races, which meant Alonso could still win the title. Vettel only needed a fifth place or higher to become Drivers' Champion, even if Alonso won.<ref>{{cite web|last=Medland|first=Chris|title=Indian summer|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/india/motorsport/story/131175.html|publisher=ESPN|date=24 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721222204/http://www.espn.co.uk/india/motorsport/story/131175.html|archive-date=21 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Behind Vettel and Alonso in the Drivers' Championship, [[Kimi Räikkönen]] was third with 177 points in a Lotus, with [[Lewis Hamilton]] and [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]] on 161 and 148 points respectively. In the [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Constructors' Championship]], Red Bull were leading on 445 points and Ferrari were second on 297 points, with Mercedes third on 287 points.<ref name=indiangp/>

In the week leading up to the race, the organisers of the race, Jaypee Sports International attended a court hearing on a dispute over unpaid entertainment taxes from the previous running of the Grand Prix.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cary|first=Tom|title=Indian Grand Prix 2013: race under threat of cancellation after allegation entertainment taxes have not been paid|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/10401697/Indian-Grand-Prix-2013-race-under-threat-of-cancellation-after-allegation-entertainment-taxes-have-not-been-paid.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=24 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221160243/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/10401697/Indian-Grand-Prix-2013-race-under-threat-of-cancellation-after-allegation-entertainment-taxes-have-not-been-paid.html|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A court official confirmed, the case would be heard the week after the race, thereby ending speculation that the Grand Prix would be cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Grand Prix: Sunday's race cleared as court delays tax hearing|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/24651627|publisher=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027144407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24651627|archive-date=27 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 October, four days before the event's first free practice sessions took place, Toro Rosso confirmed the team was signing [[GP3 Series]] driver [[Daniil Kvyat]] for the 2014 season, partnering [[Jean-Éric Vergne]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|title=Toro Rosso: Daniil Kvyat, 19, to join Jean-Eric Vergne for 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/24618426|publisher=BBC Sport ([[BBC]])|date=21 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029094525/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24618426|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[drag reduction system]] (DRS) had two activation zones for the race; one was on the straight between turns 3 and 4, and the second was on the start/finish straight from the final to first corners.<ref name=indiangp/> The sport's sole tyre supplier [[Pirelli]], provided two specifications of slick compound tyres for the race, designated Medium (also referred to as the "prime" tyre) and Soft (also referred to as the "option" tyre).<ref>{{cite web|title=Pirelli reveal tyre allocations for Korea, Japan and India |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/9/14983.html |work=Formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Administration]] |date=17 September 2013 |access-date=15 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331104309/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/9/14983.html |archive-date=31 March 2014 }}</ref> The Medium compound was distinguished by a white-band with the Soft compound being distinguished by a yellow-band. As was the case for all the 2013 Grands Prix, the rules stipulated that all cars should use both types of tyre during the course of the race, and each driver was limited to eleven sets of dry tyres for the weekend.<ref name=f1regulations>{{cite web|title=2013 Formula One Sporting Regulations|url=http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/25823CA4432F6548C1257A85005177ED/$FILE/2013%20SPORTING%20REGULATIONS.pdf|work=FIA.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713071450/http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/25823CA4432F6548C1257A85005177ED/$FILE/2013%20SPORTING%20REGULATIONS.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Practice and qualifying===
[[File:Fernando-alonso-malaysia-2013.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Fernando Alonso completed minimal running during Friday's first practice session due to a gearbox problem on his [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] car]]
Three practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—two on Friday from 11:00 to 12:00 and 14:00 to 15:30 local time, and a third on Saturday morning between 11:00 to 12:00.<ref name=f1regulations /> The first practice session took place in dry conditions with an ambient temperature of {{convert|30|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Creighton|first1=Geoff|last2=Mitchell|first2=Scott|title=As it happened: Friday practice one|url=http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/662|publisher=[[Autosport]] ([[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]])|date=25 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165223/http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/662|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and a track temperature of {{convert|32|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian GP – Friday – Practice Session 1 Report|url=http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p1report.html|work=Inside F1|publisher=GrandPrix.com|date=25 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028040046/http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p1report.html|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vettel set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1 minute and 26.683, almost two-tenths of a second faster than teammate Webber. The Mercedes of Nico Rosberg set the third fastest time ahead of Renault driver [[Romain Grosjean]] who was fourth fastest. Hamilton set the fifth fastest time in his Mercedes. The two McLaren drivers were sixth and seventh, [[Jenson Button]] ahead of [[Sergio Pérez]]. [[Felipe Massa]] and [[Nico Hülkenberg]] set the eighth and ninth fastest lap times respectively for Ferrari and Sauber. [[Valtteri Bottas]] in the Williams completed the top ten. Alonso's Ferrari car was afflicted by a gearbox problem; this restricted him to completing only six timed laps, and he was 12th overall.<ref>{{cite web|last=Galloway|first=James|title=2013 Indian GP Practice One: Sebastian Vettel sets impressive early pace|url=http://www1.skysports.com/f1/report/12433/8989833/2013-indian-gp-practice-one--sebastian-vettel-sets-impressive-early-pace-|publisher=[[Sky Sports]] ([[BSkyB]])|date=25 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035653/http://www1.skysports.com/f1/report/12433/8989833/2013-indian-gp-practice-one--sebastian-vettel-sets-impressive-early-pace-|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The second practice session was held in similar weather to the first; the only difference was a slightly higher peak track temperature of {{convert|40|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian GP – Friday – Practice Session 2 Report|url=http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p2report.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140615152104/http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p2report.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2014|work=Inside F1|publisher=GrandPrix.com|date=25 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014}}</ref> During this session, Vettel set the fastest lap of the day, a 1:25.722; Webber finished with the second-fastest time. Grosjean ended up with the third fastest time. The Mercedes drivers were again quick—Hamilton in fourth and Rosberg sixth. They were split by Alonso; with teammate Massa in seventh. Räikkonen set the eighth fastest time. The McLaren drivers ran slower— Button in ninth and Pérez tenth. Williams driver [[Pastor Maldonado]] suffered from a loose wheel nut which deflated his right-front tyre, as a result of an earlier pitstop. Williams were fined €60,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Practice Two – Vettel and Red Bull stay ahead in India |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15139.html |work=Formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Administration]] |date=25 October 2013 |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525222338/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15139.html |archive-date=25 May 2014 }}</ref>

Saturday's weather was again dry for third and final practice session, with an ambient temperature of {{convert|28|C|F}} and a track temperature of {{convert|35|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Creighton|first1=Geoff|last2=Bradley|first2=Charles|last3=Mitchell|first3=Scott|title=As it happened: Saturday practice|url=http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/664date=26%20October%202013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712011522/http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/664date=26%20October%202013|archive-date=12 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The start of session was delayed by 20 minutes as the medical helicopter was unable to take off, due to poor visibility caused by smog.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|title=Sebastian Vettel heads Mark Webber in final Indian GP practice|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/24682572|publisher=BBC Sport |date=26 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029051925/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24682572|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The Red Bull drivers were again quickest—Vettel setting the fastest time, a 1:25.332, over half a second faster than Webber. Alonso was able to improve his pace and set the third-fastest time. Hamilton and Rosberg set the eighth and tenth fastest times respectively; they were separated by Button.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian GP – Saturday – Practice Session 3 Report|url=http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p3report.html|work=GrandPrix.com|publisher=Inside F1|date=26 October 2013|access-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028040115/http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894p3report.html|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{quote box|quote="The car felt good all weekend and it just got better as the track improved. The car was amazing; it's a great circuit, I really like the flow of it, especially around the middle sector with the high speed corners. If the car behaves the way you want it to through that section then you're always then going to enjoy it, as we did today. It's a great result for the team; Mark is on a different strategy, so we'll see what the race brings tomorrow. We have been getting a lot of questions about the championship this weekend, but we'll keep doing what we've done in the past, just focusing on every single step – we won't change that for tomorrow, or the next couple of races. We've worked hard to get here and tomorrow will be a long race. With the strategy, I think it's always tricky do the right thing, but we have a good package so we should be in good shape."|source=[[Sebastian Vettel]], commenting on taking [[pole position]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifying – selected team and driver quotes |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15151.html |work=Formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Administration]] |date=26 October 2013 |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606053236/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15151.html |archive-date=6 June 2014 }}</ref>|width=40%|align=right}}

Saturday afternoon's qualifying session was divided into three parts. The first part ran for 20 minutes and eliminated the cars from qualifying that finished the session 17th or lower. During this session, the [[107% rule]] was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107% of the quickest lap to qualify for the race.<ref name=f1regulations /> The second part of qualifying lasted 15 minutes and eliminated cars that finished in positions 11 to 16. The final part of qualifying determined the positions from first to tenth, and decided [[pole position]].<ref name=f1regulations /> The session was held in dry weather; the ambient temperature was {{convert|30|C|F}} with a track temperature of {{convert|39|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Creighton|first1=Geoff|last2=Bradley|first2=Charles|last3=Mitchell|first3=Scott|title=As it happened: Qualifying|url=http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/665|publisher=[[Autosport]] ([[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]])|date=24 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221333/http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/665|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Vettel set the fastest time in the second and final parts of the session, which clinched him [[pole position]] with a lap of 1:24.119. Vettel was joined on the front row by Rosberg, who was nearly eight-tenths of a second slower.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|title=Sebastian Vettel beats Nico Rosberg to pole at Indian GP|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/24682933|publisher=BBC Sport (BBC)|date=26 October 2013|access-date=16 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211090546/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24682933|archive-date=11 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ricciardo was the fastest driver not to advance into the final session, qualifying 11th; his best time of 1:25.519 was nearly a second slower than Vettel's pace in the second session. Grosjean (Renault), [[Jules Bianchi]] (Marussia), Caterham drivers [[Giedo van der Garde]] and [[Charles Pic]] and [[Max Chilton]] (Marussia) failed to advance beyond the first part of qualifying, and thus completed the final rows of the grid. In the first part of qualifying (the only section in which all drivers took part), the entire field was covered by just over two seconds.

===Race===
[[File:Sebastian Vettel 2012 Bahrain GP.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Sebastian Vettel, who took pole and was crowned [[2013 Formula One season|2013 Formula One Drivers' Champion]] as a result of his win (pictured in 2012)]]
The race took place in the afternoon from 15:00 local time, in dry and sunny weather, with an ambient temperature of {{convert|30|C|F}} and a track temperature of {{convert|35|C|F}}.<ref name=autosportrace>{{cite web|last1=Creighton|first1=Geoff|last2=Bradley|first2=Charles|last3=Mitchell|first3=Scott|title=As it happened: The Indian Grand Prix|url=http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/666|publisher=[[Autosport]] ([[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]])|date=27 October 2013|access-date=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152547/http://live.autosport.com/commentary.php/id/666|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Vettel, from pole position on the grid, held onto the lead into the first corner. Massa, from fifth, made a good start, moving from 5th to 2nd place by the end of the first lap.<ref name=bbcf1race>{{cite web|last=Barretto |first=Lawrence |title=Indian Grand Prix as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24684711 |publisher=BBC Sport (BBC) |date=27 October 2013 |access-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211090533/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/24684711 |archive-date=11 December 2013 }}</ref> Maldonado made the best start in the field, moving from 17th to 13th.<ref name=autosportrace/> Going into the second corner, Alonso touched Webber, resulting in damage to his Ferrari's front wing.<ref name=bbcf1race/> At the end of the first lap, Vettel led from Massa, Rosberg, Hamilton, Hülkenberg and Räikkönen.<ref name=lapchart>{{cite web|title=2013 Indian Grand Prix – Lap Chart |url=http://www.fia.com/championship/fia-formula-1-world-championship/2013/2013-indian-grand-prix-lap-chart |work=FIA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile |date=27 October 2013 |access-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214141905/http://www.fia.com/championship/fia-formula-1-world-championship/2013/2013-indian-grand-prix-lap-chart |archive-date=14 February 2014 }}</ref>

Vettel began to immediately pull clear of Massa. di Resta and Vergne became the first two drivers to pit by coming in on lap 2.<ref name=autosportrace/> Vettel pitted for a new set of medium compound tyres at the end of lap 2, allowing Massa to take the lead.<ref name=gpracenotes>{{cite web|title=Indian GP – Sunday – Race Notes|url=http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894racenotes.html|work=GrandPrix.com|publisher=Inside F1, Inc.|date=27 October 2013|access-date=16 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030041244/http://www.grandprix.com/race/r894racenotes.html|archive-date=30 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On lap 40, Webber suffered an [[alternator (automotive)|alternator]] failure and became the third retirement of the race.

Vettel won his tenth race of the season in a time of 1:31:12.187, at an average speed of {{convert|125.598|mph|kph}}. Vettel was crowned the 2013 Drivers' Championship as Alonso could not catch his points total with three races remaining. He became the fourth driver after [[Michael Schumacher]], [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] and [[Alain Prost]] to have won four or more Drivers' Championships.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=[[Ben Edwards (commentator)|Edwards, Ben]], [[David Coulthard|Coulthard, David]] (Commentators) |date=27 October 2013 |title=Formula 1: The Indian Grand Prix |type =Television production |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> Rosberg finished second in his Mercedes car, 29 seconds behind Vettel, with Grosjean third. Massa was fourth in his Ferrari with Pérez fifth for McLaren. Hamilton took sixth place in the other Mercedes and Räikkönen took seventh in the other Lotus car. The Force India cars of di Resta and Sutil were eighth and ninth respectively, with Ricciardo taking the final point in tenth place for Toro Rosso. Alonso finished eleventh with Maldonado trailing behind in twelfth. Vergne, Button, Gutiérrez and Bottas filled the next places, one lap behind the leader, while Chilton and Bianchi were two laps down in seventeenth and eighteenth. Hülkenberg was the final classified driver in nineteenth.

===Post-race===
The top three finishers appeared on the podium to collect their trophies, and in the subsequent press conference. [[Sebastian Vettel]] was given a reprimand for failing to drive straight to [[parc fermé]] after the race, while [[Red Bull Racing]] were given a [[Euro|€]]25,000 fine for failing to adequately instruct him to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15162.html |title=Superb Vettel claims fourth title with India win |work=Formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Group|Formula One Administration]] |date=27 October 2013 |access-date=27 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029115316/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2013/10/15162.html|archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/external_archive/node4134/Formula%201%20Indian%20Grand%20Prix%202013%20DocumentNumber-42.pdf|title=2013 Indian Grand Prix – FIA Stewards' decision – Document No. 42|date=27 October 2013|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307105015/http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/external_archive/node4134/Formula%201%20Indian%20Grand%20Prix%202013%20DocumentNumber-42.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2014}}</ref>

==Classification==

===Qualifying===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%"
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Qualifying position}}
! {{Tooltip|No.|Number}}
! Driver
! Constructor
! Q1
! Q2
! Q3
! {{Tooltip|Grid|Final grid position}}
|-
! 1
| align="center" | 1
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Sebastian Vettel]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:25.943
| '''1:24.568'''
| '''1:24.119'''
| 1
|-
! 2
| align="center" | 9
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Nico Rosberg]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| 1:25.833
| 1:25.304
| 1:24.871
| 2
|-
! 3
| align="center" | 10
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| 1:25.802
| 1:25.259
| 1:24.941
| 3
|-
! 4
| align="center" | 2
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:25.665
| 1:25.097
| 1:25.047
| 4
|-
! 5
| align="center" | 4
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Felipe Massa]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:25.793
| 1:25.389
| 1:25.201
| 5
|-
! 6
| align="center" | 7
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]
| [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:25.819
| 1:25.191
| 1:25.248
| 6
|-
! 7
| align="center" | 11
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:25.883
| 1:25.339
| 1:25.334
| 7
|-
! 8
| align="center" | 3
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:25.934
| 1:24.885
| 1:25.826
| 8
|-
! 9
| align="center" | 6
| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| 1:26.107
| 1:25.365
| 1:26.153
| 9
|-
! 10
| align="center" | 5
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jenson Button]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| '''1:25.574'''
| 1:25.458
| 1:26.487
| 10
|-
! 11
| align="center" | 19
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:25.673
| 1:25.519
|
| 11
|-
! 12
| align="center" | 14
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Paul di Resta]]
| [[Force India]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| 1:25.908
| 1:25.711
|
| 12
|-
! 13
| align="center" | 15
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Adrian Sutil]]
| [[Force India]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| 1:26.164
| 1:25.740
|
| 13
|-
! 14
| align="center" | 18
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Éric Vergne]]
| [[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:26.155
| 1:25.798
|
| 14
|-
! 15
| align="center" | 17
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:26.178
| 1:26.134
|
| 15
|-
! 16
| align="center" | 12
| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Esteban Gutiérrez]]
| [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:26.057
| 1:26.336
|
| 16
|-
! 17
| align="center" | 8
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Romain Grosjean]]
| [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:26.577
|
|
| 17
|-
! 18
| align="center" | 16
| {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Pastor Maldonado]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:26.842
|
|
| 18
|-
! 19
| align="center" | 22
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jules Bianchi]]
| [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]]
| 1:26.970
|
|
| 19
|-
! 20
| align="center" | 21
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Giedo van der Garde]]
| [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:27.105
|
|
| 20
|-
! 21
| align="center" | 20
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Charles Pic]]
| [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1:27.487
|
|
| 21
|-
! 22
| align="center" | 23
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Max Chilton]]
| [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]]
| 1:28.138
|
|
| 22
|-
! colspan=8 | [[107% rule|107% time]]:1:31.564
|-
! colspan=8 | Source:<ref>{{cite news|title=2013 Formula 1 Airtel Indian Grand Prix Qualifying Results |url=http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2013/909/7274/ |work=Formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Group|Formula One Administration]] |access-date=26 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029112958/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2013/909/7274/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Race===
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%"
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Qualifying position}}
! {{Tooltip|No.|Number}}
! Driver
! Constructor
! Laps
! Time/Retired
! {{Tooltip|Grid|Final grid position}}
! Points
|-
! 1
| align="center" | 1
| {{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Sebastian Vettel]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]'''
| 60
| 1:31:12.187
| 1
| '''25'''
|-
! 2
| align="center" | 9
| {{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Nico Rosberg]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''
| 60
| +29.823
| 2
| '''18'''
|-
! 3
| align="center" | 8
| {{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Romain Grosjean]]'''
| '''[[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]'''
| 60
| +39.892
| 17
| '''15'''
|-
! 4
| align="center" | 4
| {{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Felipe Massa]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 60
| +41.692
| 5
| '''12'''
|-
! 5
| align="center" | 6
| {{flagicon|MEX}} '''[[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]'''
| 60
| +43.829
| 9
| '''10'''
|-
! 6
| align="center" | 10
| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''
| 60
| +52.475
| 3
| '''8'''
|-
! 7
| align="center" | 7
| {{flagicon|FIN}} '''[[Kimi Räikkönen]]'''
| '''[[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]'''
| 60
| +1:07.988
| 6
| '''6'''
|-
! 8
| align="center" | 14
| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Paul di Resta]]'''
| '''[[Force India]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]'''
| 60
| +1:12.868
| 12
| '''4'''
|-
! 9
| align="center" | 15
| {{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Adrian Sutil]]'''
| '''[[Force India]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]'''
| 60
| +1:14.734
| 13
| '''2'''
|-
! 10
| align="center" | 19
| {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Daniel Ricciardo]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 60
| +1:16.237
| 11
| '''1'''
|-
! 11
| align="center" | 3
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 60
| +1:18.297
| 8
|
|-
! 12
| align="center" | 16
| {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Pastor Maldonado]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 60
| +1:18.951
| 18
|
|-
! 13
| align="center" | 18
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Éric Vergne]]
| [[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 59
| +1 Lap
| 14
|
|-
! 14
| align="center" | 5
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jenson Button]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| 59
| +1 Lap
| 10
|
|-
! 15
| align="center" | 12
| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Esteban Gutiérrez]]
| [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 59
| +1 Lap
| 16
|
|-
! 16
| align="center" | 17
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 59
| +1 Lap
| 15
|
|-
! 17
| align="center" | 23
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Max Chilton]]
| [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]]
| 58
| +2 Laps
| 22
|
|-
! 18
| align="center" | 22
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jules Bianchi]]
| [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]]
| 58
| +2 Laps
| 19
|
|-
! 19
| align="center" | 11
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 54
| Gearbox/Brakes
| 7
|
|-
! {{abbr|Ret|Retired}}
| align="center" | 2
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 39
| Alternator
| 4
|
|-
! {{abbr|Ret|Retired}}
| align="center" | 20
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Charles Pic]]
| [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 35
| Hydraulics
| 21
|
|-
! {{abbr|Ret|Retired}}
| align="center" | 21
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Giedo van der Garde]]
| [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-[[Renault in Formula One#2011–present|Renault]]
| 1
| Collision
| 20
|
|-
! colspan=8 | Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2013/races/894/india/race-result.html |title=2013 Formula 1 Airtel Indian Grand Prix – Race Result |website=formula1.com |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|}
*1 – [[Nico Hülkenberg]] retired from the race, but was classified, as he had completed 90% of the race distance.

==Championship standings after the race==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Drivers' Championship standings
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
!
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Position}}
! Driver
! Points
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 1
| {{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Sebastian Vettel]]'''
| align="left" | 322
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 2
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| align="left" | 207
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 3
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]
| align="left" | 183
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 4
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| align="left" | 169
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 5
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]]
| align="left" | 148
|-
!colspan=4|Source:<ref name="Championship standings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/2013/inde/championnat.aspx|title=India 2013 – Championship • STATS F1|website=statsf1.com|access-date=18 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208124012/http://www.statsf1.com/en/2013/inde/championnat.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
{{col-2}}
;Constructors' Championship standings
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|-
!
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Position}}
! Constructor
! Points
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 1
| {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''
| align="left" | 470
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1uparrow green.svg|10px]] 1
| align="center" | 2
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| align="left" | 313
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1downarrow red.svg|10px]] 1
| align="center" | 3
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align="left" | 309
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 4
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]
| align="left" | 285
|-
| align="left" | [[File:1rightarrow blue.svg|10px]]
| align="center" | 5
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| align="left" | 93
|-
!colspan=4|Source:<ref name="Championship standings"/>
|}
{{col-end}}

* '''Note''': Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
* The 2013 World Champions are marked in bold.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{F1 race report
| Name_of_race = [[Indian Grand Prix]]
| Year_of_race = 2013
| Previous_race_in_season = [[2013 Japanese Grand Prix]]
| Next_race_in_season = [[2013 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]]
| Previous_year's_race = [[2012 Indian Grand Prix]]
| Next_year's_race = ''N/A''
}}

{{F1GP 10-19}}

[[Category:2013 Formula One races|Indian]]
[[Category:2013 in Indian motorsport|Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Indian Grand Prix]]
[[Category:October 2013 sports events in India|Indian Grand Prix]]

2015 Indian Premier League

2026-03-27T09:22:13Z

MohamedBehan20: expanded content

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2015 Indian Premier League
| image =
| imagesize =
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
| cricket format = [[Twenty20]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Double round robin]] and [[Page playoff system|playoffs]]
| fromdate = {{start date|2015|4|08|df=y}}
| todate = {{end date|2015|5|24|df=y}}
| champions = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| runner up = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| count = 2
| participants = 8
| matches = 60
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most valuable player =[[Andre Russell]] ([[Kolkata Knight Riders|KKR]])
| most runs = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] ([[Sunrisers Hyderabad|SRH]]) (562)
| most wickets = [[Dwayne Bravo]] ([[Chennai Super Kings|CSK]]) (26)
| website = {{URL|https://www.iplt20.com/}}
| previous_year = 2014
| previous_tournament = 2014 Indian Premier League
| next_year = 2016
| next_tournament = 2016 Indian Premier League
}}

The '''2015 Indian Premier League season''' (also known as '''IPL 8''' or, for sponsorship reasons, '''Pepsi IPL 2015''') was the eighth season of the [[Indian Premier League]], a [[Twenty20 cricket]] league established by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament featured eight teams and was held from 8 April 2015 to 24 May 2015.<ref name=Fixtures>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketwa.com/10656/series/ipl-2015-schedule-fixtures.aspx|title=Indian Premier League 2015|access-date=2015-08-05|publisher=cricketwa}}</ref> The tournament's opening ceremony was held at the [[Eden Gardens]] in [[Kolkata]] on 7 April 2015. [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] were the defending champions having won the title in the [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014 season]].

On 24 May 2015, [[Mumbai Indians]] defeated [[Chennai Super Kings]] by 41 runs in the [[2015 Indian Premier League final|final]] at [[Eden Gardens]], Kolkata, to win the IPL title for the second time. Mumbai captain [[Rohit Sharma]] was awarded player of the match in the final for his knock of 50 from 26 balls. [[Andre Russell]] of the Kolkata Knight Riders was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the season.
This was the last time that [[SONY SIX|Sony Television Network]] broadcast the tournament before [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports Network]] took the broadcasting rights from the 8th season and are currently bearing the broadcasting rights for the tournament.

==Players auction==
{{main|List of 2015 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The eight franchises retained a total of 123 players for the 2015 IPL season before moving into the auction. The released players were provided an option to register themselves for auction. Six players were traded across teams before the auction took place. At the 2015 IPL auction held on 16 February at [[Bangalore]], [[Yuvraj Singh]] was sold to [[Delhi Daredevils]] for {{INR}}16 crore, a record bid in IPL auction history. A total of 67 players were sold out in the auction and the franchises spent a total of {{INR}}87.60 crore to buy the players.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sportsmirchi.com/list-of-players-sold-in-indian-premier-league-auction-2015/ | title=List of Players sold in Indian Premier League Auction 2015| date=19 February 2015}}</ref>

==Officials==
The 2015 IPL season saw 26 match officials, 13 Indian umpires and four match referees officiating. 26 match officials (umpires and referees) participated in a two-day workshop, organised by the BCCI, in preparation for the 2015 IPL season. The workshop was held at the Cricket Centre, Mumbai, on 4 and 5 April 2015, from 9am to 5pm.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/5693/match-officials-conclave-to-be-held-in-mumbai/ | title=MATCH OFFICIALS CONCLAVE FOR PEPSI IPL 2015 | access-date=3 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405002800/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/5693/match-officials-conclave-to-be-held-in-mumbai | archive-date=5 April 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Venues==
12 venues were selected to host the league stage matches.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2330/indian-premier-league-2015/venues|title=2015 Venues |date=26 March 2015|publisher=Cricbuzz |work=Cricbuzz (Sports Media) |access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Ranchi]] hosted Qualifier 1, Eliminator and Qualifier 2 respectively and [[Kolkata]] hosted the Final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/6383/pepsi-ipl-playoffs-revised-schedule|title=2015 Playoffs schedule|date=29 April 2015|publisher=www.iplt20.com|work=IPL|access-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430052424/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/6383/pepsi-ipl-playoffs-revised-schedule|archive-date=30 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

;Group stage

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto"
|-
! style="width:25%" | [[Ahmedabad]]
! style="width:25%" | [[Bangalore]]
! style="width:25%" | [[Chennai]]
! style="width:25%" | [[Delhi]]
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| [[Delhi Daredevils]]
|-
| [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]]
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]]
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
| [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]]
|-
| Capacity: 54,000 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/venues/19/sardar-patel-stadium|title=Sardar Patel Stadium - IPL Venue - IPLT20.com|website=www.iplt20.com}}</ref>
| Capacity: 36,760 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/venues/5/m-chinnaswamy-stadium|title=Chinnaswamy Stadium - IPL Venue - IPLT20.com|website=www.iplt20.com}}</ref>
| Capacity: 37,220
| Capacity: 55,000
|-
| [[File:Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium Ahmedabad.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:MChinnaswamy-Stadium.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:MAC Chepauk stadium.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Firoze shah.jpg|150px]]
|-
! [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| rowspan=10 colspan=2 style="vertical-align:top" | {{location map+ |India |float=center|width=400 |caption= |places=
{{location map~ |India |lat=13.08 |long=80.27 |label=[[Chennai]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=30.78 |long=76.69 |label=[[Mohali]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56 |long=88.36 |label=[[Kolkata]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=12.96 |long=77.56 |label=[[Bangalore]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.03 |long=72.40 |label=[[Ahmedabad]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.40 |long=73.42 |label=[[Pune]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=21.14 |long=81.38 |label=[[Raipur]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=28.61 |long=77.23 |label=[[Delhi]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.97 |long=72.82 |label=[[Mumbai]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=17.40 |long=78.45 |label=[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=17.68 |long=83.21 |label=[[Vishakhapatnam]] |position=right}}
}}
! [[Kolkata]]
|-
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]]
| [[Eden Gardens]]
|-
| Capacity: 55,000
| Capacity: 67,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57980.html |title=Eden Gardens |publisher=ESPN |series=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Uppal stadium.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Eden gardens ipl 2011.jpg|150px]]
|-
! [[Mohali]]
! [[Mumbai]]
|-
| [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]]
| [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| Capacity: 40,000
| Capacity: 33,320
|-
| [[File:PCA Stadium, Mohali 1.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Wankhede Stadium Feb2011.jpg|150px]]
|-
! [[Mumbai]]
! [[Pune]]
! [[Raipur]]
! [[Vishakhapatnam]]
|-
| [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Brabourne Stadium]]
| [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium|Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]]
| [[Raipur International Cricket Stadium]]
| [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]]
|-
| Capacity: 20,000
| Capacity: 36,000
| Capacity: 50,000
| Capacity: 38,000
|-
| [[File:Brabourne.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Sahara Stadium Pune 4.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Raipur Stadium.JPG|150px]]
|[[File:Vizagacavdca.jpg|150px]]
|}

;Playoffs

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto"
|-
! [[Kolkata]]
| rowspan=10 colspan=2 style="vertical-align:top" | {{location map+ |India |float=center|width=400 |caption= |places=
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56 |long=88.36 |label=[[Kolkata]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.40 |long=73.42 |label=[[Pune]] |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.97 |long=72.825 |label=[[Mumbai]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.35 |long=85.83 |label=[[Ranchi]] |position=top}}
}}
! [[Mumbai]]
|-
| [[#match60|Final]]
| [[#match57|Qualifier 1]]
|-
| [[Eden Gardens]]
| [[Wankhede Stadium]]
|-
| Capacity: 67,000
| Capacity: 33,320
|-
| [[File:Eden gardens ipl 2011.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:Wankhede Stadium Feb2011.jpg|150px]]
|-
! [[Pune]]
! [[Ranchi]]
|-
| [[#match58|Eliminator]]
| [[#match59|Qualifier 2]]
|-
| [[Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium|Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]]
| [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium]]
|-
| Capacity: 36,000
| Capacity: 39,000
|-
| [[File:Sahara Stadium Pune 4.jpg|150px]]
| [[File:JSCA cricket stadium Entrance.jpg|150px]]
|}

==IPL Fanpark initiative==
BCCI started a new initiative ''IPL Fanpark'' to spread the reach of IPL across the country. As a part of the initiative, IPL was made available in the stadiums across 15 cities, apart from the 12 venues hosting the matches, on a large screen. The access to these stadiums was free and based on first-come first-served basis.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/5677/pepsi-ipl-reaches-out-to-fans-through-fanpark-initiative|title = Official media release|date = 1 April 2015|access-date = 19 April 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150420043506/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/announcements/5677/pepsi-ipl-reaches-out-to-fans-through-fanpark-initiative|archive-date = 20 April 2015|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

==Opening ceremony==
The opening ceremony was held at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in [[Kolkata]], on 7 April 2015. The captains of all eight teams signed the "MCC Spirit of Cricket" pledge. The ceremony featured live performances of [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Shahid Kapoor]] among others. The ceremony began after a one and a half hours delay due to rain.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 8 kicks off with glitzy opening after rain delay in Kolkata|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2015/story/ipl-8-kicks-off-dhoni-kohli-hrithik-roshan-farhan-akhtar-247593-2015-04-07|access-date=3 May 2016|work=India Today}}</ref>

==Teams and standings==
===Points table===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/series/791129.html?view=pointstable |title=IPL 2015 Point Table|date=8 May 2015 |publisher=WWW.IPLT20.COM |access-date= 8 May 2015 }}</ref>
|show_tie=no
|showteam={{{team}}}

|team1=CSK |team2=MI |team3=RCB |team4=RR |team5=KKR |team6=SRH |team7=DD |team8=KXIP
|result1=Q |result2=Q |result3=E |result4=E

|win_CSK=9 |loss_CSK=5 |nr_CSK=0 |rs_CSK=2262 |or_CSK=273.3 |rc_CSK=2073 |ob_CSK=274.1
|win_DD=5 |loss_DD=8 |nr_DD=1 |rs_DD=1981 |or_DD=250.2 |rc_DD=1976 |ob_DD=248.1
|win_KKR=7 |loss_KKR=6 |nr_KKR=1 |rs_KKR=2044 |or_KKR=236.1 |rc_KKR=2022 |ob_KKR=240.4
|win_KXIP=3 |loss_KXIP=11 |nr_KXIP=0 |rs_KXIP=2003 |or_KXIP=270 |rc_KXIP=2286 |ob_KXIP=258.1
|win_MI=8 |loss_MI=6 |nr_MI=0 |rs_MI=2345 |or_MI=272.4 |rc_MI=2371 |ob_MI=274.2
|win_RCB=7 |loss_RCB=5 |nr_RCB=2 |rs_RCB=1790 |or_RCB=191.1 |rc_RCB=1693 |ob_RCB=203.2
|win_RR=7 |loss_RR=5 |nr_RR=2 |rs_RR=2028 |or_RR=237.3 |rc_RR=2002 |ob_RR=236.1
|win_SRH=7 |loss_SRH=7 |nr_SRH=0 |rs_SRH=2096 |or_SRH=255.2 |rc_SRH=2126 |ob_SRH=251.4

|name_CSK=[[Chennai Super Kings in 2015|Chennai Super Kings]] '''<abbr title="Runner up">(R)</abbr>'''
|name_DD=[[Delhi Daredevils in 2015|Delhi Daredevils]]
|name_KKR=[[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2015|Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|name_KXIP=[[Kings XI Punjab in 2015|Kings XI Punjab]]
|name_MI=[[Mumbai Indians in 2015|Mumbai Indians]] '''<abbr title="Champions">(C)</abbr>'''
|name_RCB=[[Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2015|Royal Challengers Bangalore]] '''<abbr title="Third Place">(3)</abbr>'''
|name_RR=[[Rajasthan Royals in 2015|Rajasthan Royals]] '''<abbr title="Fourth Place">(4)</abbr>'''
|name_SRH=[[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2015|Sunrisers Hyderabad]]

|col_Q=#cfc |col_E=#ffc
}}

* Top 4 teams were qualified for the playoffs
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} advanced to the [[#Playoff stage|Qualifier]]
* {{Color box|#ffc|border=darkgray}} advanced to the [[#Playoff stage|Eliminator]]
''("C" refers to the "Champions" of the Tournament. 'R'(2nd Position), '3' and '4' are the positions of the respective teams in the tournament.)''</onlyinclude>

==League stage==
{{Indian Premier League results summary|mode = progression/summary

| KKR | MI | H | 7W | N
| CSK | DD | H | 1R | N
| KXIP | RR | A | 26R | N
| CSK | SRH | H | 45R | N
| KKR | RCB | A | 3W | N
| DD | RR | A | 3W | N
| MI | KXIP | A | 18R | N
| RCB | SRH | A | 8W | N
| RR | MI | H | 7W | N
| KXIP | DD | A | 5W | N
| SRH | RR | A | 6W | N
| MI | CSK | A | 6W | N
| SRH | DD | A | 4R | N
| KXIP | KKR | A | 4W | N
| RR | CSK | H | 8W | N
| RCB | MI | A | 18R | N
| DD | KKR | A | 6W | N
| RR | KXIP | A | SO | N
| SRH | KKR | H | 16R | Y
| RCB | CSK | A | 27R | N
| DD | MI | H | 37R | N
| RR | RCB | A | 9W | N
| MI | SRH | H | 20R | N
| CSK | KXIP | H | 97R | N
| KKR | RR | N | | N
| DD | RCB | A | 10W | N
| KXIP | SRH | A | 20R | N
| CSK | KKR | H | 2R | N
| RCB | RR | N | | N
| KKR | CSK | H | 7W | N
| DD | KXIP | H | 9W | N
| MI | RR | H | 8R | N
| RCB | KKR | H | 7W | N
| SRH | CSK | H | 22R | N
| KXIP | MI | A | 23R | N
| RR | DD | H | 14R | N
| CSK | RCB | H | 24R | N
| KKR | SRH | H | 35R | N
| MI | DD | H | 5W | N
| RCB | KXIP | H | 138R | N
| RR | SRH | A | 7R | N
| KKR | DD | H | 13R | N
| CSK | MI | A | 6W | N
| KKR | KXIP | H | 1W | N
| DD | SRH | A | 6R | N
| MI | RCB | A | 39R | N
| CSK | RR | H | 12R | N
| SRH | KXIP | H | 5R | N
| DD | CSK | H | 6W | N
| KXIP | RCB | H | 22R | N
| MI | KKR | H | 5R | N
| SRH | RCB | A | 6W | Y
| KXIP | CSK | A | 7W | N
| RR | KKR | H | 9R | N
| RCB | DD | N | | N
| SRH | MI | A | 9W | N

| P1W = MI | P1L = CSK
| P2W = RCB | P2L = RR
| P3W = CSK | P3L = RCB
| P4W = MI | P4L = CSK
}}

===Matches===

{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match1}} 8 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 168/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 170/3 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 98[[not out|*]] (65)
| wickets1 = [[Morne Morkel]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 57 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] 1/21 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Morne Morkel]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829705.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 7 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match2}} 9 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| score1 = 150/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 149/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 34 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 73[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets2 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ashish Nehra]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829707.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 1 run
| notes = [[Shreyas Iyer]] and [[Domnic Joseph]] made their IPL debuts.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match3}} 10 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] (H) | team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 162/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 136/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 46 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Anureet Singh]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Murali Vijay]] 37 (32)
| wickets2 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829709.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 26 runs
| notes = [[Deepak Hooda]] made his IPL debut.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match4}} 11 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 209/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 164/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 100[[not out|*]] (56)
| wickets1 = [[Trent Boult]] 1/34 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 53 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Brendon McCullum]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829711.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 45 runs
| notes = [[Kane Williamson]] and [[Trent Boult]] made their IPL debuts.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match5}} 11 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 177/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 179/7 (19 overs)
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 58 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Abu Nechim]], [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 1/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 96 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 2/40 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829713.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 3 wickets
| notes = [[KC Cariappa (cricketer)|KC Cariappa]] and [[Sean Abbott]] made their IPL debuts.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match6}} 12 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 184/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 186/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[JP Duminy]] 44[[not out|*]] (38)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 54 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Tahir]] 4/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Deepak Hooda]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829715.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 3 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match7}} 12 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H) | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 177/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] 61[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 64 (24)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] 2/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] (KXIP)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829717.html Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 18 runs
| notes = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] made his IPL debut.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match8}} 13 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 166 (19.5 overs)
| score2 = 172/2 (17.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 46 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Trent Boult]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 57 (27)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Rajesh Deshpande]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829719.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match9}} 14 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 164/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 165/3 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 70 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Stuart Binny]] 1/8 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 79[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Vinay Kumar]] 1/13 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Simon Fry]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829721.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 7 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match10}} 15 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| score1 = 165/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 169/5 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 47 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Tahir]] 3/43 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 68 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Anureet Singh]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Mayank Agarwal]] (DD)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829725.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 5 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match11}} 16 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 127/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 131/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Eoin Morgan]] 27 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 2/9 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 62 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829727.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 6 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match12}} 17 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 183/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 189/4 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 64 (30)
| wickets1 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 62 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/44 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Ashish Nehra]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829729.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 6 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match13}} 18 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (H)
| score1 = 167/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 163/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 60 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 41 (30)
| wickets2 = [[JP Duminy]] 4/17 (3 overs)
| venue = [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[JP Duminy]] (DD)
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829731.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 4 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match14}} 18 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 155/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/6 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] 60 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andre Russell]] 66 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 4/25 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829733.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 4 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match15}} 19 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 156/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 157/2 (18.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 62[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] 1/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 76[[not out|*]] (55)
| wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 1/29 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829735.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 8 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match16}} 19 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 209/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 191/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 59 (44)
| wickets1 = [[David Wiese]] 4/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Wiese]] 47[[not out|*]] (25)
| wickets2 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Harbhajan Singh]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829737.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 18 runs
| notes = [[Hardik Pandya]], [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] and [[David Wiese]] made their IPL debuts.
}}

* ''The 20 wides bowled during the match are a record in the IPL'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-28|title=Most wides in a match in the IPL|url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/most-wides-in-a-match-ipl/|access-date=2021-04-01|website=T20 Head to Head|language=en-GB}}</ref>

----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match17}} 20 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 146/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 147/4 (18.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] 32 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 60 (49)
| wickets2 = [[Domnic Joseph]] 2/18 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Umesh Yadav]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829739.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match18}} 21 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 191/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 191/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 74 (54)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shaun Marsh]] 65 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Pravin Tambe]] 1/20 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shaun Marsh]] (KXIP)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829741.html Scorecard]
| result = Match tied, Kings XI Punjab won by Super Over
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match19}} 22 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 176/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 101/4 (12 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 91 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Morne Morkel]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 34 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 1/7 (1 over)
| venue = [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829743.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 16 runs ([[D/L method]])
| rain = Due to rain, Kolkata's target was adjusted to 118 runs from 12 overs via [[Duckworth-Lewis method]].
| notes = yes
| notesx =
*[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] made the highest score by a Hyderabad batsman.<ref name="many.records">{{cite news|title=SRH rewrote many entries in the record book|url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/more-news/6223/quick-stats-m19-srh-vs-kkr|work=IPL News|author=IPL|date=2015-04-22|access-date=2015-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424175913/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2015/more-news/6223/quick-stats-m19-srh-vs-kkr|archive-date=24 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Shikhar Dhawan]]'s 130 run partnership was the highest partnership for any wicket by Hyderabad.<ref name="many.records"/>
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match20}} 22 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 181/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 154/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 62 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/40 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 51 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 4/10 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Johan Cloete]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829745.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] made his IPL debut.
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 27 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match21}} 23 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 190/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 153/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 83 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 2/38 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 30 (22)
| wickets2 = [[Imran Tahir]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Ferozshah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Shreyas Iyer]] (DD)
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829747.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 37 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match22}} 24 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 130/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 134/1 (16.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 31 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 62[[not out|*]] (46)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Watson]] 1/23 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Mitchell Starc]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829749.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 9 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match23}} 25 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 137/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 51 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 42 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 4/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Lasith Malinga]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829751.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 20 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match24}} 25 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 192/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 95/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 66 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 1/35 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Murali Vijay]] 34 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Brendon McCullum]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Johan Cloete]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829753.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 97 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match25}} 26 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 =
| score2 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = No toss.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Rajesh Deshpande]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| rain = Match abandoned without a toss due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829755.html Scorecard]
| result = No result
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match26}} 26 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 95 (18.2 overs)
| score2 = 99/0 (10.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 33 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 62[[not out|*]] (40)
| wickets2 =
| venue = [[Ferozshah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Varun Aaron]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829757.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 10 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match27}} 27 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] (H)
| score1 = 150/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 130/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 58 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 42 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Trent Boult]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Trent Boult]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829759.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 20 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match28}} 28 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 134/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 132/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 29[[not out|*]] (29)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]], [[Piyush Chawla]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 39 (17)
| wickets2 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 3/22 (3 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Dwayne Bravo]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Rajesh Deshpande]] (Ind) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829765.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 2 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match29}} 29 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 200/7 (20 overs)
| score2 =
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 57 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Tim Southee]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Johanes Cloete]] (SA) and [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind)
| rain = Match abandoned after end of Bangalore innings due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829763.html Scorecard]
| result = No result
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match30}} 30 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 165/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 169/3 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 32 (12)
| wickets1 = [[Brad Hogg]] 4/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 80[[Not out|*]] (58)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Sharma]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829723.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Ronit More]] made his IPL debut.
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 7 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match31}} 1 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] (H)
| score1 = 118/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 119/1 (13.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] 42 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 4/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 54 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 1/38 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Ferozshah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] (DD)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829767.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Shardul Thakur]] made his IPL debut.
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 9 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match32}} 1 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 187/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 179/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 53[[Not out|*]] (27)
| wickets1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 2/26 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanju Samson]] 76 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829769.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 8 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match33}} 2 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 111/4 (10 overs)
| score2 = 115/3 (9.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andre Russell]] 45 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 1/15 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mandeep Singh]] 45[[Not out|*]] (18)
| wickets2 = [[Brad Hogg]] 1/23 (2 overs)
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Mandeep Singh]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Johanes Cloete]] (SA) and [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind)
| rain = Match reduced to 10 overs per side due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829771.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 7 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match34}} 2 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 192/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 170/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 61 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 33 (22)
| wickets2 = [[Moises Henriques]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829773.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 22 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match35}} 3 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] (H)
| score1 = 172/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 149/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 71 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Anureet Singh]], [[Karanveer Singh]] 1/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] 43 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Lendl Simmons]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829775.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 23 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match36}} 3 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| score1 = 189/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 175/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 91[[Not out|*]] (54)
| wickets1 = [[Angelo Mathews]] 1/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[JP Duminy]] 56 (39)
| wickets2 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829777.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 14 runs
| notes = yes
| notesx =
*This was the 500th match of IPL.
*[[Gurinder Sandhu]] made his IPL debut.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match37}} 4 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 148/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 52 (46)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 48 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind) and [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829779.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 24 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match38}} 4 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 167/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 132/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 33 (26)
| wickets1 = [[Karn Sharma]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Moises Henriques]] 41 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Brad Hogg]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Umesh Yadav]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829781.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 35 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match39}} 5 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 152/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 153/5 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 57 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Harbhajan Singh]] 2/11 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 49[[Not out|*]] (40)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Harbhajan Singh]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829783.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match40}} 6 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 226/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 88 (13.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 117 (57)
| wickets1 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 2/41 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Axar Patel]] 40[[Not out|*]] (21)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 4/15 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829785.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 138 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match41}} 7 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] (H)
| score1 = 201/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 194/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Eoin Morgan]] 63 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Shane Watson]] 2/36 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steven Smith]] 68 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/44 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Eoin Morgan]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Johanes Cloete]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829787.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match42}} 7 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| score1 = 171/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 158/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 42 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Tahir]] 2/46 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 40 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 4/32 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Piyush Chawla]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829761.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 13 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match43}} 8 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 158/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/4 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] 39 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 1/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 45 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/17 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Hardik Pandya]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829789.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
| notes = Kings XI Punjab were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match44}} 9 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (H)
| score1 = 183/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 184/9 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 43 (22)
| wickets1 = [[Sunil Narine]] 4/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andre Russell]] 51 (21)
| wickets2 = [[Gurkeerat Singh]] 2/17 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kings Xi Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829791.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 1 wicket
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match45}} 9 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] (H)
| score1 = 163/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 157/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Moises Henriques]] 74[[not out|*]] (46)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 63 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Karn Sharma]] 2/12 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium|Chhattisgarh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Raipur]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Moises Henriques]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S Ravi]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829793.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Jayant Yadav]] made his IPL debut.
* Delhi Daredevils were eliminated as a result of this match.
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 6 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match46}} 10 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] (H)
| score1 = 235/1 (20 overs)
| score2 = 196/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 133[[Not out|*]] (59)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 1/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 68[[Not out|*]] (53)
| wickets2 = [[Harshal Patel]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[AB de Villiers]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Johanes Cloete]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829795.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 39 runs
| notes = [[Virat Kohli]] and [[AB de Villiers]]'s 215 run partnership was the highest for any wicket in T20 cricket.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match47}} 10 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 157/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 145/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 81 (61)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shane Watson]] 28 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 4/11 (4 overs)
| venue = [[M A Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA)and [[CK Nandan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829797.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 12 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match48}} 11 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 185/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 180/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 81 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Beuran Hendricks]] 2/40 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] 89[[Not out|*]] (44)
| wickets2 = [[Moises Henriques]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (SRH)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829799.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won 5 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match49}} 12 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] (H)
| score1 = 119/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 120/4 (16.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 29 (23)
| wickets1 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 2/9 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 70[[Not out|*]] (49)
| wickets2 = [[Ishwar Pandey]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium|Chhattisgarh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Raipur]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Zaheer Khan]] (DD)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829801.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 6 wickets
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match50}} 13 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 106/6 (10 overs)
| score2 = 84/6 (10 overs)
| runs1 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 31 (12)
| wickets1 = [[Harshal Patel]] 2/12 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mandeep Singh]] 20 (14)
| wickets2 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/11 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Axar Patel]] (KXIP)
| umpires = [[Johanes Cloete]] (SA) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| rain = Match reduced to 10 overs per side due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829803.html Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 22 runs
| notes = Chennai Super Kings qualified for the playoffs as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match51}} 14 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 171/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 166/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 61[[Not out|*]] (31)
| wickets1 = [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 52 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Kieron Pollard]] 1/6 (1 over)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Hardik Pandya]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829805.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 runs
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match52}} 15 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 135/3 (11 overs)
| score2 = 83/4 (5.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Moises Henriques]] 57 (22)
| wickets1 = [[David Wiese]] 2/20 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 44[[Not out|*]] (19)
| wickets2 = [[Moises Henriques]] 2/3 (1 over)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL)
| rain = Match reduced to 11 overs per side due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829807.html Scorecard]
| notes = Due to rain, Bangalore's target was adjusted to 81 runs from 6 overs via [[Duckworth-Lewis method]].
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 6 wickets ([[D/L method]])
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match53}} 16 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 130/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 134/3 (16.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Axar Patel]] 32 (29)
| wickets1 = [[Pawan Negi]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 55 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 1/9 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Pawan Negi]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[CK Nandan]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829809.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 7 wickets
| notes = Chennai Super Kings advanced to Qualifier 1 as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match54}} 16 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Rajasthan Royals]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 199/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 190/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shane Watson]] 104[[Not out|*]] (59)
| wickets1 = [[Andre Russell]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 44 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] 4/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Shane Watson]] (RR)
| umpires = [[Rajesh Deshpande]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829811.html Scorecard]
| notes = [[Barinder Sran]] made his IPL debut.
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 9 runs
}}

* ''The 13 wides bowled by Rajasthan is record in a single innings in the IPL''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title=Most wides in an innings in the IPL|url=https://t20-head-to-head.com/most-wides-in-an-innings-ipl/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=T20 Head to Head|language=en-GB}}</ref>

----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match55}} 17 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] (H)
| score1 = 187/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 2/0 (1.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Quinton de Kock]] 69 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Harshal Patel]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 1[[Not out|*]] (2)
| wickets2 =
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] (Ind)
| rain = Match abandoned after 1.1 overs of Bangalore innings due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829813.html Scorecard]
| result = No result
| notes = Royal Challengers Bangalore and Rajasthan Royals qualified for the playoffs as a result of this match.
}}
----
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match56}} 17 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = (H) [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 113 (20 overs)
| score2 = 114/1 (13.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lokesh Rahul]] 25 (24)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 51[[Not out|*]] (37)
| wickets2 = [[Karn Sharma]] 1/38 (2.5 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829815.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 9 wickets
| notes = Mumbai Indians qualified for the playoffs and advanced to Qualifier 1, and Kolkata Knight Riders and Sunrisers Hyderabad were eliminated as a result of this match.
}}

==Playoff stage==
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{4TeamBracket-PagePlayoff
| team-width=230
| score-width=120

| RD1-text1 = 19 May — [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| RD1-seed1 = 1
| RD1-team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD1-score1 = 162 (19 ov)
| RD1-seed2 = '''2'''
| RD1-team2 = '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''
| RD1-score2 = '''187/6 (20 ov)'''
| P1Winner = Mumbai
| P1Margin = '''25 runs'''
| P1Matchno = 57

| RD1-text2 = 20 May — [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| RD1-seed3 = '''3'''
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]'''
| RD1-score3 = '''180/4 (20 ov)'''
| RD1-seed4 = 4
| RD1-team4 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| RD1-score4 = 109 (19 ov)
| P2Winner = Bangalore
| P2Margin = '''71 runs'''
| P2Matchno= 58

| RD2-text1 = 22 May — [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
| RD2-seed1 = '''1'''
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''140/7 (19.5 ov)'''
| RD2-seed2 = 3
| RD2-team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| RD2-score2 = 139/8 (20 ov)
| P3Winner = Chennai
| P3Margin = '''3 wickets'''
| P3Matchno= 59

| RD3-text1 = 24 May — [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| RD3-seed1 = '''2'''
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''202/5 (20 ov)'''
| RD3-seed2 = 1
| RD3-team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| RD3-score2 = 161/8 (20 ov)
| FinalWinner = Mumbai
| FinalMargin = '''41 runs'''
| FinalMatchno= 60
}}

===Preliminary===
;Qualifier 1
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{Anchor|match57}} 19 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 187/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 65 (51)
| wickets1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 3/40 (4 overs)
| score2 = 162 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 45 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Kieron Pollard]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829817.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 25 runs
| notes =
}}

;Eliminator
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{Anchor|match58}} 20 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 180/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 109 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[AB de Villiers]] 66 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 42 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Harshal Patel]] 2/15 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[AB de Villiers]] (RCB)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829819.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 71 runs
| notes =
}}

;Qualifier 2
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{Anchor|match59}} 22 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes |team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 139/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/7 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 41 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Ashish Nehra]] 3/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Michael Hussey]] 56 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[JSCA International Cricket Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ashish Nehra]] (CSK)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829821.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 3 wickets
| notes =
}}

===Final===
{{main|2015 Indian Premier League final}}

{{Limited overs matches | date = {{Anchor|match60}} 24 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes |team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 =202/5 (20 overs)
| score2 =161/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lendl Simmons]] 68 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 2/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 57 (48
)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829823.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 41 runs
| notes =
}}

==Statistics==

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Player !! Team !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! Runs !! {{Tooltip | HS | High score }}
|- style="background: orange;"
|style="text-align:left" | [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
|style="text-align:left" | [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 14 || 14 || '''562''' || [[#match19|{{nts|91}}]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Lendl Simmons]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Mumbai Indians]] || 13 || 13 || '''540''' || [[#match36|{{nts|71}}]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 14 || 13 || '''540''' || [[#match36|{{nts|91}}]][[not out|*]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[AB de Villiers]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 16 || 14 || '''513''' || [[#match46|{{nts|133}}]][[not out|*]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Virat Kohli]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 16 || 16 || '''505''' || [[#match46|{{nts|82}}]][[not out|*]]
|-
|}
* {{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}} The player with the most runs at the end of the tournament received the Orange Cap.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangukiya |first=Manish |date=22 February 2025 |title=A Complete Guide to IPL Rules and Regulations |url=https://www.scoreflood.com/news/ipl-rules-and-regulations/94 |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=ScoreFlood.com}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Player !! Team !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! {{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}} !! {{Tooltip | BBI | Best innings bowling }}
|- style="background:#C082FF;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Dwayne Bravo]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 17 || 16 || '''26''' || {{ntsh|1.05}}[[#match20|3/22]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Lasith Malinga]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Mumbai Indians]] || 15 || 15 || '''24''' || {{ntsh|1.05}}[[#match23|4/23]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 15 || 14 || '''23''' || {{ntsh|1.05}}[[#match20|3/40]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ashish Nehra]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 16 || 16 || '''22''' || {{ntsh|1.05}}[[#match20|4/10]]
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Mitchell Starc]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || 13 || 12 || '''20''' || {{ntsh|1.05}}[[#match40|4/15]]
|}
* {{Color box|#C082FF|border=darkgray}} The player with the most wickets at the end of the tournament received the Purple Cap.<ref name=":0" />

===Most catches===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Player !! Team !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Ctch | Catches}}
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Dwayne Bravo]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 17 || '''13'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 17 || '''13'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Suresh Raina]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 17 || '''11'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ambati Rayudu]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Mumbai Indians]] || 15 || '''9'''
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Kieron Pollard]]
| style="text-align:left" | [[Mumbai Indians]] || 16 || '''9'''
|}
* '''Source:''' ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Indian Premier League, 2015 / Records / Most catches |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?id=9657;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422191635/http://!!!stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?id=9657%3Btype%3Dtournament |archive-date=22 April 2015 |access-date=24 May 2015 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.iplt20.com}}
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/series/791129.html Tournament website on ESPNcricinfo]

{{Indian Premier League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Premier League, 2015}}
[[Category:2015 Indian Premier League| ]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2014–15|Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:2015 in Indian cricket]]

Just Married (2025 film)

2026-03-27T00:57:24Z

MohamedBehan20: put up data...

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Just Married
| image = Just Married (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = C. R. Bobby
| producer = [[B. Ajaneesh Lokanath]] C. R. Bobby
| writer = C. R. Bobby
| story = C. R. Bobby
| screenplay = C. R. Bobby Dhananjay Ranjan
| starring = [[Shine Shetty]] [[Ankita Amar]] [[Devaraj]] [[Anup Bhandari]]
| studio = ABBS Studios
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Lokanath]]
| cinematography = Parthiban G
| editing = Srikanth [[Pratheek Shetty]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|8|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 126 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Just Married''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written, directed and co-produced by C. R. Bobby, in her directorial debut,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Apr/22/cr-bobbys-directorial-debut-just-married-wraps-shoot|title=CR Bobby’s directorial debut, 'Just Married', wraps shoot|date=22 April 2024|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> and produced jointly by [[B. Ajaneesh Lokanath]] under ABBS Studios banner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Aug/14/ajaneesh-loknath-my-first-production-just-married-turned-into-my-toughest-musical-test|title=Ajaneesh Loknath: My first production, 'Just Married' turned into my toughest musical test|work=Cinema Express.com|date=14 August 2025}}</ref> The film stars [[Shine Shetty]], and [[Ankita Amar]] in the lead roles, while [[Devaraj]], [[Anup Bhandari]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Sruthi Hariharan]], [[Vani Harikrishna]] and [[Malavika Avinash]] play supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/in-cinema-a-womans-gaze-offers-a-perspective-youll-see-in-every-frame-says-the-female-cast-of-just-married/articleshow/118757994.cms|title=In cinema, a woman's gaze offers a perspective you'll see in every frame, says the female cast of Just Married|work=The Times of India|date=7 March 2025}}</ref> The music was composed by Ajaneesh, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Parthiban G and Srikanth respectively.

''Just Married'' was released on 22 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Aug/04/just-married-to-hit-theatres-on-this-date |title=Just Married to hit theatres on this date|date=4 August 2025|work=Cinema Express.com}}</ref> The trailer was launched on 15 August 2025 by actor [[Rishab Shetty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rishab-shetty-launches-just-married-trailer-ahead-of-august-22-release/articleshow/123289924.cms|title=Rishab Shetty launches Just Married trailer, ahead of August 22 release|work=Times of India|date=15 August 2025}}</ref> The film mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmivilla.com/box-office/just-married-box-office-collection/|title=Just Married Day 1 Box Office Collection Worldwide|work=Filmivilla.com|date=23 August 2025}}</ref>

==Premise==
Surya, the only heir of the 250-year-old "Vamshavruksha" family, must marry before 25 to escape a prophecy of hardship. His reluctant marriage to Sahana sparks a series of family complications, secrets, and struggles.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shine Shetty]] as Surya
* [[Ankita Amar]] as Sahana
* [[Devaraj]] as Poornachandra
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Shishupala
* [[Anup Bhandari]] as Anand
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]] as Vinay
* [[Sruthi Hariharan]] as Anjali
* [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] as Gangamma
* [[Achyuth Kumar]]
* [[Malavika Avinash]]
* [[Vani Harikrishna]] as Mangala
* Sakshi Agarwal as Jyothi
* Sangeetha Anil
* Vedika Karkal
* Abhinav Vishwanathan
* Nelamangala Jayaram
* Vivek Chakravarthy
* Sudarshan G Bharadwaj
* Srivathsa
* Supriya Manimaran
* Lavanya Amar
}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack, composed by [[B. Ajaneesh Lokanath]] consists of six tracks. The audio rights were acquired by [[Anand Audio]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:36
| title1 = Mangalyam Thanthunanena
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| length1 = 4:23
| title2 = Idu Modalane Swagathana
| lyrics2 = [[K. Kalyan]]
| extra2 = Jaskaran Singh
| length2 = 5:01
| title3 = Thappu Maadodu Sahaja
| lyrics3 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| extra3 = Ananya Bhat
| length3 = 5:03
| title4 = Abhimaniyagi Hode
| lyrics4 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra4 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length4 = 4:03
| title5 = Kelo Machcha
| lyrics5 = Nagarjun Sharma
| extra5 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length5 = 4:13
| title6 = Ganesha
| lyrics6 = Shashiraj Kavoor
| extra6 = Varun Ramachandra, Madhwesh Bharadwaj, Abhishek M R, Vishak
| length6 = 4:08
}}

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Every big Indian family drama comes wrapped in the same satin gift paper: rituals, laughter, a courtyard filled with gossiping relatives, and a camera that refuses to leave the wedding canopy."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=just-married-a-bittersweet-tale-of-the-cracks-beneath-picture-perfect-families |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Aug/23/just-married-a-bittersweet-tale-of-the-cracks-beneath-picture-perfect-families |work=Cinema Express |date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Susmita Sameera of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Just Married, directed by CR Bobby, ultimately feels like a “just missed” chance to revive the magic of big family dramas. Still, for those who enjoy such stories, it is worth a watch."<ref>{{cite news |title=Just Married Movie Review: Big Family Drama Meets Modern Chaos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/kannada/big-family-drama-meets-modern-chaos/movie-review/123446470.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt29244438}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:2020s masala films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

List of Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan

2026-03-22T12:58:31Z

MohamedBehan20: put up new article...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
This is the '''List of members of the [[Lok Sabha]],''' representing from Rajasthan. These lower house members of the Indian Parliament were elected in the [[Elections in India|Indian general election]].
== 18th Lok Sabha ==
[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Rajasthan Result Map.svg|thumb]]
'''Keys:'''
:'''{{Party legend|National Democratic Alliance|14}}'''
:*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|14}}
:'''{{Party legend|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|11}}'''
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|8}}
:*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|1}}
:*{{Party legend|Bharat Adivasi Party|1}}
:*{{Party legend|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|1}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name
! colspan=2 |Party
|-
! 1
| [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] (SC)
| [[Kuldeep Indora]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 2
| [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]] (SC)
| [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 3
| [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Rahul Kaswan]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
! 4
| [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|-
! 5
| [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Amra Ram]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
! 6
| [[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
| [[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
! 7
| [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| [[Manju Sharma (politician)|Manju Sharma]]
|-
! 8
| [[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
| [[Bhupender Yadav]]
|-
! 9
| [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]] (SC)
| [[Sanjana Jatav]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
! 10
| [[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
| [[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|-
! 11
| [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] (ST)
| [[Murari Lal Meena]]
|-
! 12
| [[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
| [[Harish Meena]]
|-
! 13
| [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| [[Bhagirath Chaudhary]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 14
| [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[Hanuman Beniwal]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|-
! 15
| [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| [[P. P. Chaudhary]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
! 16
| [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|-
! 17
| [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| [[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 18
| [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[Lumbaram Choudhary]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
! 19
| [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]] (ST)
| [[Manna Lal Rawat]]
|-
! 20
| [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)
| [[Rajkumar Roat]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|-
! 21
| [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
! 22
| [[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| [[Mahima Kumari Mewar]]
|-
! 23
| [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[Damodar Agarwal]]
|-
! 24
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Om Birla]]
|-
! 25
| [[Jhalawar–Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar-Baran]]
| [[Dushyant Singh]]
|}

== 17th Lok Sabha ==
'''List of members''' (17 June 2019 – 16 June 2024) representation in Lok Sabha. These members of the Lower house of the Indian Parliament were elected in the [[2019 Indian general election]] held in April–May 2019.'''Keys:'''
{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|20}}
{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|1}}
{{Party legend|Casual vacancy|4}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! 1
| [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] (SC)
| [[Nihalchand|Nihal Chand Chauhan]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
! 2
| [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]] (SC)
| [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|-
! 3
| [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Rahul Kaswan]]
(Won on BJP ticket but later joined INC)
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 4
| [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Narendra Kumar (politician)|Narendra Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
! 5
| [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | 6
| rowspan="2" |[[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
|[[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] (Resigned on 6 December 2023)
|-
| colspan="3" | '''Vacant'''
|-
! 7
| [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| [[Ramcharan Bohara]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 8
| rowspan="2" |[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|[[Balak Nath]] (Resigned on 7 December 2023)
|-
| colspan="3" | '''Vacant'''
|-
! 9
| [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]] (SC)
| [[Ranjeeta Koli]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
! 10
| [[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
| [[Manoj Rajoria]]
|-
! 11
| [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] (ST)
| [[Jaskaur Meena]]
|-
! 12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|-
! 13
| [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| [[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | 14
| rowspan="2" |[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[Hanuman Beniwal]] (Resigned on 8 December 2023)
| {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|-
| colspan="3" | '''Vacant'''
|-
! 15
| [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| [[P. P. Chaudhary]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
! 16
| [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|-
! 17
| [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| [[Kailash Choudhary]]
|-
! 18
| [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[Devji Patel|Devaji Patel]]
|-
! 19
| [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]] (ST)
| [[Arjun Lal Meena]]
|-
! 20
| [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)
| [[Kanak Mal Katara]]
|-
! 21
| [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | 22
| rowspan="2" | [[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| [[Diya Kumari]] (Resigned on 6 December 2023)
|-
| colspan="3" | '''Vacant'''
|-
! 23
| [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[Subhash Chandra Baheria]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
! 24
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Om Birla]]
|-
! 25
| [[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
| [[Dushyant Singh]]
|}

== 16th Lok Sabha ==
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (22) |border=solid 1px #000000}}
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1) |border=solid 1px #000000}}
{{legend2|#FFFFFF|Vacant (2) |border=solid 1px #000000}}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name of elected M.P.
! Colspan=2|Party affiliation
|-
! 1
| [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] (SC)
| [[Nihalchand Chauhan|Nihalchand]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 2
| [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]] (SC)
| [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 3
| [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Rahul Kaswan]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 4
| [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Santosh Ahlawat]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 5
| [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 6
| [[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
| [[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 7
| [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| [[Ramcharan Bohara]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | 8
| rowspan="2" |[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
| [[Mahant Chand Nath|Chand Nath]]
(Died on 17 September 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajasthan: BJP MP from Alwar Mahant Chandnath passes away|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajasthan-bjp-mp-from-alwar-mahant-chandnath-passes-away/story-E8HklzN3u89scziloKUpuN.html|access-date=17 September 2017|work=Hindustan Times|date=17 September 2017}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[Karan Singh Yadav]]
(Elected on 1 February 2018)<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Bye-election results: Setback for BJP as Congress scores in Rajasthan; TMC sweeps West Bengal|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-west-bengal-bypoll-bye-election-results-live-updates-alwar-ajmer-uluberia-bjp-congress-tmc-5047049/lite/|work=The Indian Express|date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 9
| [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]] (SC)
| [[Bahadur Singh Koli]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 10
| [[Karauli–Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
| [[Manoj Rajoria]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | 11
| rowspan="2" | [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] (ST)
| [[Harish Meena]]
(Resigned on 24 December 2018)
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
|colspan="3"| '''Vacant'''
|-
! 12
| [[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
| [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! rowspan="3" | 13
| rowspan="3" |[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| [[Sanwar Lal Jat]]
(Died on 9 August 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Union minister Sanwarlal Jat passes away at 62|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-union-minister-sanwarlal-jat-passes-away-at-62-4788486/|access-date=9 August 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=9 August 2017}}</ref>
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]]
(Elected on 1 February 2018 and Resigned on 21 December 2018)
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
|colspan="3"| '''Vacant'''
|-
! 14
| [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[C R Choudhary]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 15
| [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| [[P P Choudhary]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 16
| [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Gajendrasingh Shekhawat]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 17
| [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| [[Sona Ram|Sonaram Choudhary]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 18
| [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[Devji Patel]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 19
| [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]] (ST)
| [[Arjunlal Meena]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 20
| [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)
| [[Manshankar Ninama]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 21
| [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Chandraprakash Joshi]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 22
| [[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| [[Hariom Singh Rathore]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 23
| [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[Subhash Baheria]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 24
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Om Birla]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 25
| [[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
| [[Dushyant Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}
==15th Lok Sabha==

'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (19) |border=solid 1px #000000}}
{{legend2|#FF9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (4) |border=solid 1px #000000}}
{{legend2|#FFFFFF| Vacant (2) |border=solid 1px #000000}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name of elected M.P.
! Colspan=2|Party affiliation
|-
| 1
| [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]]
| [[Bharat Ram Meghwal]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 2
| [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
| [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 3
| [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Ram Singh Kaswan]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| 4
| rowspan="2"| [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Sis Ram Ola]] (Died on 15 December 2013)
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| colspan="3"|'''Vacant<ref name="15LSvac"/>'''
|-
| 5
| [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Mahadeo Singh Khandela]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 6
| [[Jaipur Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur Rural]]
| [[Lal Chand Kataria]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 7
| [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| [[Mahesh Joshi]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 8
| [[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
| [[Jitendra Singh (INC politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 9
| [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
| [[Ratan Singh (Bharatpur Member of Parliament)|Ratan Singh]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 10
| [[Karauli-Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli-Dholpur]]
| [[Khiladi Lal Bairwa]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| 11
| rowspan="2"| [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| [[Kirodi Lal Meena]] (Resigned on 19 December 2013)
| bgcolor=#D3D3D3|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| colspan="3"|'''Vacant <ref name=15LSvac>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/vacant.aspx |title=Fifteenth Lok Sabh - Vacant Constituency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327095756/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/vacant.aspx |archive-date=27 March 2014 }}</ref>'''
|-
| 12
| [[Tonk-Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madopur - Tonk]]
| [[Namo Narain Meena]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 13
| [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| [[Sachin Pilot]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 14
| [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[Jyoti Mirdha]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 15
| [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| [[Badri Ram Jakhar]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 16
| [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Chandresh Kumari]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 17
| [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| [[Harish Chaudhary]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 18
| [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[Devji Patel]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 19
| [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
| [[Raghuvir Meena]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 20
| [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]]
| [[Tarachand Bhagora]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 21
| [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Girija Vyas]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 22
| [[Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| [[Gopal Singh Shekhawat]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 23
| [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[C. P. Joshi|C P Joshi]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 24
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Ijyaraj Singh]]
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 25
| [[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar-Baran]]
| [[Dushyant Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== 14th Lok Sabha ==
'''Keys:'''
{{legend2|#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (21) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (4) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable"
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name of elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
! 1
| [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]]
| [[Nihalchand Chauhan]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 2
| [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
| [[Dharmendra]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 3
| [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Ram Singh Kaswan]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 4
| [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Sis Ram Ola]]
| bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 5
| [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Subhash Maharia]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 6
| [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
| [[Girdhari Lal Bhargava]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 7
| [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| [[Sachin Pilot]]
| bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 8
| [[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
| [[Dr. Karan Singh Yadav]]
| bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 9
| [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
| [[Vishvendra Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 10
| [[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana]]
| [[Ramswaroop Koli]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 11
| [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]]
| [[Namo Narain Meena]]
| bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 12
| [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| [[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 13
| [[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk]]
| [[Kailash Meghwal]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 14
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Raghuveer Singh Koshal]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 15
| [[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
| [[Dushyant Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 16
| [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]]
| [[Dhan Singh Rawat]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 17
| [[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber]]
| [[Mahaveer Bhagora]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 18
| [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
| [[Kiran Maheshwari]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 19
| [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Shrichand Kriplani]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 20
| [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[Vijayendrapal Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 21
| [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
| [[Pusp Jain]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 22
| [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[B. Susheela]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 23
| [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
| [[Manvendra Singh]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 24
| [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Jaswant Singh Bishnoi]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 25
| [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[Bhanwar Singh Dangawas]]
| bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

|}

==13th Lok Sabha==
'''Keys;'''
{{legend2|#FBB917|[[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]] (16)
|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (9)
|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable"
! No.
! style="width:120px" | Constituency
! style="width:180px" | Name of elected M.P.
! Party affiliation
|-
|1||[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] (SC)||[[Nihalchand Chauhan]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|2||[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]||[[Rameshwar Dudi]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|3||[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]||[[Ram Singh Kaswan]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|4||[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]||[[Sis Ram Ola]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|5||[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]||[[Subhash Maharia]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|6||[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]||[[Girdhari Lal Bhargava]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|7||[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]||[[Rajesh Pilot]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|8||[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]||[[Jaswant Singh Yadav]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|9||[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]||[[Vishvendra Singh]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|10||[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana]] (SC)||[[Bahadur Singh Koli]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF
|-
|11||[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]] (ST)||[[Jaskaur Meena]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|12||[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|13||[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk]] (SC)||[[Shyam Lal Bansiwal]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|14||[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]||[[Raghuveer Singh Koshal]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF
|-
|15||[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]||[[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|16||[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)||[[Tarachand Bhagora]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|17||[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber]] (ST)||[[Bheru Lal Meena]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF
|-
|18||[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]||[[Girija Vyas]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|19||[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]||[[Shrichand Kriplani]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|20||[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]||[[Vijayendrapal Singh]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|21||[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]||[[Pusp Jain]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|22||[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]] (SC)||[[Sardar Buta Singh]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|23||[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]||[[Sona Ram]]||bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|24||[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]||[[Jaswant Singh Bishnoi]]||bgcolor=#FBB917|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|25||[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]||[[Ram Raghunath Chaudhary]]|| bgcolor="#00FFFF" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|}

==12th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Sr.no.
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|1||[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Prabha Thakur]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|2||[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|[[Ghasi Ram Yadav]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|3||[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|4||[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|[[Sona Ram]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|5||[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|[[Ganga Ram Koli]]
|bgcolor=#FF9333|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|6||[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[K. Natwar Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|7||[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Rampal Upadhyaya
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|8||[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Dr. [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|9||[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Udai Lal Anjana]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10||[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|[[Narendra Budania]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11||[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa (ST)]]
|[[Rajesh Pilot]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|12||[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Er. [[Shankar Pannu]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|13|||[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|[[Girdhari Lal Bhargava]]
|bgcolor=#FF9333|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|14||[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|[[Sardar Buta Singh]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|15||[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|bgcolor=#FF9333|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|16||[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|17||[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Ram Narain Meena
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|18||[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Ram Raghunath Chaudhary
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|19||[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Mitha Lal Jain
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|20||[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|[[Bheru Lal Meena]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|21||[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|[[Usha Meena]]
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|22||[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Subhash Maharia]]
|bgcolor=#FF9333|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|23||[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Dowarka Parshad Bairwa
|bgcolor=#00FFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|24||[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|[[Shanti Lal Chaplot]]
|bgcolor=#FF9333|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|25||[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Sis Ram Ola]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[All India Indira Congress (Secular)]]
|}
== 11th Lok Sabha ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Tarachand Bhagora
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|[[Sona Ram]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Ganga Ram Koli
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|Maharani Divya Singh
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|[[Subhash Baheria]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Mahendra Singh Bhati
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Dr.(Kum.) Girija Vyas
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|Narendra Budania
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa (ST)]]
|[[Rajesh Pilot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|[[Nihalchand]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Girdhari Lal Bhargav
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Parsaram Meghwal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Vaidya Dau Dayal Joshi
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Bhanu Prakash Mirdha
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Gumanmal Lodha
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Bheru Lal Meena
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Usha Meena
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Dr. Hari Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Shyam Lal Bansiwal
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==10th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Smt. Mahendra Kumari
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Prabhu Lal Rawat
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Ram Niwas Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Ganga Ram Koli
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|Smt. Krishnendra Kaur (Deepa)
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Shiv Charan Mathur
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Dr. Bal Ram Jakhar
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Manphool Singh Bhadu Chaudhary
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Dr.(Kum.) Girija Vyas
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|[[Ram Singh Kaswan]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa (ST)]]
|Rajesh Pilot
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Birbal Ram
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Girdhari Lal Bhargav
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Sardar Buta Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Mohd. Ayub Khan
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Vaidya Dau Dayal Joshi
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Gumanmal Lodha
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Bheru Lal Meena
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Kunji Lal Meena
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Ram Narain Berwa
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}
==9th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Ramjilal Yadava
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Heera Bhai
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Kalyan Singh Kalvi
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Than Singh Jatav
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur (SC)]]
|[[Vishvendra Singh]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Hemendra Singh Banera
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Shopat Singh Makkasar
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Mahendra Singh Mewar
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|[[Daulat Ram Saran]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|Nathu Singh
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Bega Ram Chauhan
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Girdhari Lal Bhargav
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Ch. [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Vaidya Dau Dayal Joshi
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Gumanmal Lodha
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Nand Lal Meena
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Gopal Pacherwal
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|Kailash Meghwal
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Gulab Chand Kataria
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==8th Lok Sabha ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|Vishnu Kumar Modi
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Nawal Kishore Sharma
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Ram Singh Yadav
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Prabhu Lal Rawat
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Ram Niwas Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|Virdhi Chand Jain
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Lala Ram Ken
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|K. Natwar Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Girdhari Lal Vyas
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Dr. Bal Ram Jakhar
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Manphool Singh Bhadu Chaudhary
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Prof. Nirmla Kumari Shaktawat
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|Mohar Singh Rathore
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|Narendra Budania
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa (ST)]]
|Rajesh Pilot
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Birbal Ram
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Sardar Buta Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Jujhar Singh
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Mohd. Ayub Khan
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|Chandresh Kumari Katoch
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Shanti Kumar Dhariwal
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Mool Chand Daga
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|Shankar Lal
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Alkha Ram
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Ram Kumar Meena
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Banwari Lal Bairwa
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Indubala Sukhadia
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Dr. Balram Jakhar
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|}

==7th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|Bhagwan Dev Acharya
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Ram Singh Yadav
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Bheekhabhai
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Virdhi Chand Jain
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|[[Jagannath Pahadia]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|Lala Ram Ken
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|[[Girdhari Lal Vyas]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Dr. [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Manphool Singh Bhadu Chaudhary
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Prof. Nirmla Kumari Shaktawat
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|[[Daulat Ram Saran]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa (ST)]]
|[[Rajesh Pilot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Birbal Ram
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Satish Chandra Agarwal
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Sardar [[Buta Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Virda Ram Phulwariya
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Chaturbhuj
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Bhim Singh
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Krishna Kumar Goyal
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Mool Chand Daga
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Jai Narain Roat
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Ram Kumar Meena
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|Kumbha Ram Arya
|[[Janata Party (S)]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Banwari Lal Bairwa
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Deen Bandhu Verma
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Mohan Lal Sukhadia]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|}
==6th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|Shrikaran Sharda
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Ramjilal Yadava
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Heera Bhai
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Tansingh
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Shyam Sunder Lal
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|Ram Kishan
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Rooplal Somani
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|Chaudhry Hari Ram Makkasar Godara
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Shyam Sunder Somani
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]
|[[Daulat Ram Saran]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|Nathu Singh
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|Bega Ram Chauhan
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Satish Chandra Agarwal
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Hukam Ram
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Chaturbhuj
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Kanhaiyalal Mahla
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|Ranchhor Das Gattani
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Krishna Kumar Goyal
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Amrit Nahata
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber (ST)]]
|Meena Laljibhai
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Meetha Lal Patel
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Jagdish Prasad Mathur
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Ram Kanwar Berwa
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Bhanu Kumar Shastri
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==5th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|Bashweshwar Nath Bhargava
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Dr. Hari Prasad Sharma
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Hira Lal Doda
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|[[Jagannath Pahadia]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[Raj Bahadur]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Hemendra Singh Banera
|Jana Sangh
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|[[Karni Singh]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Bishwanath Jhunjhunwala
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|[[Pannalal Barupal]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Rajmata of Jaipur [[Gayatri Devi]]
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Narendra Kumar Sanghi
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Sardar [[Buta Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Brijraj Singh
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|Shiv Nath Singh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|Rajmata(Jodhpur) Krishna Kumari
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Onkarlal Berwa
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Nathu Ram Mirdha
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Mool Chand Daga
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Chhutten Lal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Shrikrishan Modi
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Ram Kanwar Bairwa
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|}
==4th Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|Bashweshwar Nath Bhargava
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Bholanath Master
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Nawal Kishore Sharma
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Heerji Bhai
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Jagannath Pahadia
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|Maharaja Brijendra Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Ramesh Chandra Vyas
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|[[Karni Singh]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|Onkarlal Bohra
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|Charanjit Rai
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|[[Pannalal Barupal]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Rajmata of Jaipur Gayatri Devi
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|D.N. Patodia
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Brijraj Singh
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|R.K. Birla
|[[Swatantra Party]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|title = 1967 India General (4th Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Onkarlal Berwa
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|N.K. Somani
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Surendra Kumar Tapuriah
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Meetha Lal Meena
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Saboo Gopal
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk (SC)]]
|Jamna Lal Barwa
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Dhuleshwar Meena
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}
==3rd Lok Sabha ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Kashi Ram Gupta
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Ratan Lal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Tansingh
|RRP
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[Raj Bahadur]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Dr. Kalu Lal Shrimali
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Shiv Charan Mathur
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|[[Karni Singh]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Manikya Lal Verma]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|Prithvi Raj
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|[[Pannalal Barupal]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Hindaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindaun (SC)]]
|Tika Ram Paliwal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Rajmata of Jaipur Gayatri Devi
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Harish Chandra Mathur
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]]
|Brijraj Singh
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh|Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Radheshyam Ramkumar Morarka]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|Dr. Laxmi Mal Singhvi
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Onkarlal Berwa
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|[[S. K. Dey]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Jaswantraj Mehta
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Kesar Lal
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Rameshwar Tantia
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Dhuleshwar Meena
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}

== 2nd Lok Sabha ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|[[Shobha Ram Kumawat]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara (ST)]]
|Bhogji
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|Capt. Maharawal Raghunath Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana (SC)]]
|Jagannath Pahadia
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[Raj Bahadur]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Ramesh Chandra Vyas
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]]
|[[Karni Singh]]
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Manikya Lal Verma]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
|Gajadhar Hajarilal Somani
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar (SC)]]
|[[Pannalal Barupal]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Harish Chandra Sharma
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore (SC)]]
|Harish Chandra Mathur
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Narendra Kumar Sanghi
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Radheshyam Ramkumar Morarka]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|Nemi Chandra Kasliwal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Onkar Lal Chauhan
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]]
|Mathuradas Mathur
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]]
|Jaswantraj Mehta
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur (ST)]]
|Pandit Hiralal Shastri
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Rameshwar Tantia
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Deenbandhu Parmar
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}
==1st Lok Sabha==
Rajasthan was formed officially on 30 March 1949

'''Key''' {{Party legend|Indian National Congress|2}} 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! style="width:13em" | Constituency
! style="width:15em" | Member of Parliament
! colspan="2" style="width:15em"| Party affiliation
|-
! 1
| [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer North]]
| Jwala Prasad
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
! 2
| [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer South]]
| [[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]
|}

=== Key Members ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Member
!Party
|-
|[[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]]
|Shobha Ram
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara–Dungarpur (ST)]]
|Bheekha Bhai
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer–Jalore]]
|Bhawani Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur–Sawai Madhopur]]
|Girraj Saran Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|Manik Chand Jatav-Vir (SC)
|[[Krishikar Lok Party]]
|-
|[[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Hari Ram Nathany
|[[Ram Rajya Parishad]]
|-
|[[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner–Churu]]
|Karni Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittor]]
|U. M. Trivedi
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar–Jhunjhunu]]
|Radheshyam Ramkumar Morarka
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Pannalal Barupal (SC)
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]]
|Bansilal Lohadia
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur–Sawai Madhopur]]
|Raj Bahadur
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|Jaswantraj Mehta
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota–Bundi]]
|Raj Chandra Sen
|[[Ram Rajya Parishad]]
|-
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota–Jhalawar]]
|Nemi Chandra Kasliwal
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur–Pali]]
|G. D. Somani
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|Nand Lal Sharma
|[[Ram Rajya Parishad]]
|-
|[[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirohi–Pali]]
|Ajit Singh
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk]]
|Manikya Lal Verma
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]]
|B. S. Mehta
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of members of the Lok Sabha by state|Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]

Mohammad Hossain

2026-03-22T00:11:12Z

MohamedBehan20: put up details...

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{similar names|Mohammad Hussain (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohammad Hossain
| native_name =
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1951
| term_end = 1957
| predecessor = ''Constituency established''
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency = [[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency|Khandaghosh]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Khandaghosh (community development block)|Khandaghosh]], [[Bardhaman district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| children =
}}
'''Mohammad Hossain''' is an Indian politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the inaugural MLA of [[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=election1952>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3181-west-bengal-1951/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1952 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Hossain was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in [[Khandaghosh (community development block)|Khandaghosh]], [[Bardhaman district]], [[Bengal Presidency]].

==Career==
Hossain contested in the [[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1951/khandaghosh/|title=Khandaghosh, 1951|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Mohammad}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1951–1957]]
[[Category:Politicians from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall

2026-03-16T02:07:09Z

MohamedBehan20: Made The Place W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{infobox building
| image = Mumbai 03-2016 70 Asiatic Society Library.jpg
| caption = Steps leading up to the pillars and entrance of the Town Hall building
| architectural_style = [[Neoclassical architecture]]
| location = Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, [[Mumbai]]
| coordinates = {{coord|18.931589|72.836131|display=inline}}
| website = {{url|asiaticsociety.org.in}}
| completion_date = 1833
| building_type = Library and town hall
| architect = Colonel Thomas Cowper, [[Bombay Engineers]]
| alternate_names = Asiatic Library Building, Town Hall
| location_country = [[India]]
| pushpin_map = India Mumbai
}}
<mapframe latitude="18.931589" longitude="72.836131" zoom="14" width="400" height="300" align="right"> {
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
18.51641,
73.85614
]
}
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
72.83607244491579,
18.93183862934435
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}
}
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}
</mapframe>

'''The Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall''' or '''Town Hall Mumbai''' is a [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] building located in the [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]] locality of [[South Mumbai]]. It houses [[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai]], State Central Library and a museum, the head office of the Directorate of Libraries Maharashtra State,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dol.maharashtra.gov.in/en/dol_head_office|title=DOL- Head Office|last=admin|date=2017-02-13|website=dol.maharashtra.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-10-06}}</ref> Maharashtra State Women's Council, the Additional Controller of Stamps Office and a post office.

== History ==
In 1811, the plan for construction began. Initially, the construction of the town hall (colloquially Called "Tondal" in the 19th century) could not be completed because of the lack of funds; only the library and museum were built after raising an amount of Rs.10,000 through a lottery conducted by the 'Literary Society of Bombay' (Mumbai). Construction was eventually completed in 1833.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbai.org.uk/tourist-attractions/town-hall.html|title=Town Hall Mumbai - History & Architecture|website=www.mumbai.org.uk|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The building was designed by Colonel Thomas Cowper of the Bombay Engineers.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic|title=History|website=asiaticsociety.org.in|access-date=2019-10-06}}</ref> The architectural style of the building is [[Neoclassical architecture]] that came into existence in the 18th century.{{fact|date=June 2022}}

== Structure ==
The structure has a height of {{cvt|30|m|ft}} and a span of {{cvt|61|m|ft}}. It was inspired by Greek and Roman styles of architecture. There is a flight of 30 steps leading to the entrance of the Town Hall. The entrance of the building is adorned with a Grecian portico and eight Doric styled pillars. The entire construction was made of stones brought from England and was designed in a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neo-classical]] fashion. Within the building are wooden floors, spiral staircases, and terraces adorned with wrought iron. The hall boasts of a collection of marble statues of Indian patrons of the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbai.org.uk/tourist-attractions/town-hall.html|title=Town Hall Mumbai - History & Architecture|website=www.mumbai.org.uk|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

There is also a flagpole on the building on which the [[Flag of India|Indian National Flag]] is hoisted on the [[Independence Day (India)|15th of August]] and [[Republic Day (India)|26th of January]], every year.

==Significance==
The Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall is a classified heritage structure. Sir John Malcolm, Governor of Mumbai in 1930 said, "It is the most magnificent structure that taste and munificence combined have as yet erected in India".<ref name="auto"/>

There are many ancient manuscripts in Persian, Prakrit, Urdu and Sanskrit along with other treasures preserved in the hall. [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s first issue of [[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]] is one of the treasures kept at the town hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbai.org.uk/tourist-attractions/town-hall.html|title=Town Hall Mumbai - History & Architecture|website=www.mumbai.org.uk|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Bombay Town Hall, view from beside the Horniman Circle.jpg|Town Hall from beside the Horniman Circle
File:Town Hall, Mumbai- Oblique view.jpg|Town Hall- Oblique view
File:Plaque at Town Hall, Mumbai.jpg|Plaque at Town Hall
File:Pillars and Entrance at Town Hall, from within.jpg|Pillars and Entrance at Town Hall, from within
</gallery>
== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall}}

[[Category:Government buildings in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architecture in India]]
[[Category:1833 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mumbai]]

P. R. Varalakshmi

2026-03-03T20:01:06Z

MohamedBehan20: updated details

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = P. R. Varalakshmi
| image =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = 1971 - 2008 2017 - Present
| death_date =
| parents =
}}
'''P. R. Varalakshmi''' is an Indian actress. She was active in movies during the 1970s and 1980s. She was a prominent lead actress during the 1980s in [[Tamil film|Tamil]], [[Malayalam film|Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Kannada film|Kannada]] films. She has acted around 600 movies in all major south Indian languages. Her debut film was ''Kettikaran'' in 1971, directed by H.S Venu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2010 |title=Grill Mill: P. R. Varalakshmi |first=S. R. |last=Ashok Kumar |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Grill-Mill-P.-R.-Varalakshmi/article15685552.ece |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210515070959/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Grill-Mill-P.-R.-Varalakshmi/article15685552.ece |archive-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

She has acted with former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. G. Ramachandran|MGR]], former Tamil Nadu Chief minister [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalitha]] and Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister [[N. T. Rama Rao|Rama Rao]].

She has also acted with two Generations actors, with [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] and his son [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and his son [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], Telugu star [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and his son [[Mahesh Babu]]. During her period she has acted as the heroine to famous heroes [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[A. V. M. Rajan|AVM Rajan]] and so on.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

==Filmography==
===Tamil===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1971 || ''[[Kettikaran]]'' || Sivagami ||
|-
| ''[[Kulama Gunama]]'' || Dancer ||
|-
| 1972 || ''Vazhaiyadi Vazhai'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1973 || ''[[Ponvandu]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Deivamsam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Malai Naattu Mangai'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Deiva Kuzhandhaigal]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1974 || ''Ore Satchi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Naan Avanillai (1974 film)|Naan Avanillai]]'' || Vijayasri ||
|-
| ''Swathi Nakshathram'' || ||
|-
| ''Tiger Thathachari'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1975 || ''[[Cinema Paithiyam]]'' || Kamala ||
|-
| ''[[Pattampoochi (1975 film)|Pattampoochi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1976 || ''[[Dasavatharam (film)|Dasavatharam]]'' || [[Parvati]]/[[Kali]] ||
|-
| ''Veedu Varai Uravu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1977 || ''[[Navarathinam]]'' || Maragadam ||
|-
| ''Kalamadi Kalam'' || ||
|-
| ''Munnooru Naal'' || ||
|-
| ''Punniyam Seithaval'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1978 || ''[[Shri Kanchi Kamakshi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manidharil Ithanai Nirangala!]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mela Thalangal'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1979 || ''Mayandi'' || ||
|-
| ''Nadagame Ulagam'' || ||
|-
| ''Kandhar Alangaaram'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1980 || ''Valli Mayil'' || ||
|-
| ''Neer Nilam Neruppu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raman Parasuraman]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1981 || ''Kannadi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sankarlal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Rajangam'' || ||
|-
| 1983 || ''Kalvadiyum Pookal'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1984 || ''[[Sarithira Nayagan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Naanayam Illatha Naanayam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anbe Odi Vaa]]'' || Mahesh's sister ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1985 || ''Mayavi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayoori]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2' |1986 || ''Kanmaniye Pesu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vidinja Kalyanam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1988 || ''[[Manamagale Vaa]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Sakkarai Pandhal'' || ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Thaai Naadu]]'' || Sister ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1990 || ''Pattanamthan Pogalamadi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Durga (1990 film)|Durga]]'' || Muthu's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Vaazhkai Chakkaram]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1992 || ''[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]'' || Chinna Thayi ||
|-
| ''[[Naane Varuven (1992 film)|Naane Varuven]]'' || Sathya's mother ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Vaa Magale Vaa]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Jameen Kottai]]'' || Sujatha ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1996 || ''[[Musthaffaa]]'' || Lakshmanan's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Gopura Deepam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999 || ''[[Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa]]'' || Alamelu ||
|-
| ''[[Rojavanam]]'' || ||
|-
|2000 ||''[[Puthira Punithama]]'' || ||
|-
| 2002 ||''[[Padai Veetu Amman]]'' || Shankar's mother ||
|-
|2005 || ''[[Kaatrullavarai]]'' || ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Naan Avan Illai (2007 film)|Naan Avan Illai]]'' || Annamalai's foster mother ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Innoruvan'' || ||
|-
| 2019 || ''Kannadi'' || ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Birthmark (film)|Birthmark]]'' || Kundhavi ||
|-
|}

===Malayalam===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Tharavattamma]]'' || ||
|-
| 1971 || ''[[Achante Bharya]]'' || Thankhamma ||
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Panimudakku]]'' || ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Kaadu]]'' || Menon's daughter ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Sreerama Hanumaan Yudham'' || ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Light House (1976 film)|Light House]]'' || Usha ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1977 || ''[[Aval Oru Devaalayam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ammaayi Amma]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1978 || ''[[Beena (film)|Beena]]'' || Malathy ||
|-
| ''[[Avalku Maranamilla]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1979 || ''[[Ival Oru Naadody]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jimmy (1979 film)|Jimmy]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kazhukan]]'' || Pimp Mani's wife ||
|-
| ''Sukhathinte Pinnale'' || Kalyani ||
|-
| ''Aval Niraparathi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Irumbazhikal]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1980 || ''[[Oru Varsham Oru Maasam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Swattu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lava (1980 film)|Lava]]'' || Rajasekharan's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Kodumudikal]]'' || Sarojini ||
|-
| rowspan=2 |1981 || ''Agnisaram'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ellaam Ninakku Vendi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1982 || ''[[Jumbulingam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chambalkadu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Paanjajanyam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1983 || ''[[Kolakkomaban]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Angam (1983 film)|Angam]]'' || Dr. Rehman's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Himam]]'' || Sharada ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Manasse Ninakku Mangalam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1985 || ''Thozhil Allengil Jail'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mulamoottil Adima]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayoori]]'' || ||
|-
| 1990 || ''Wait a Minute'' || ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Simhadhwani]]'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Kulam (film)|Kulam]]'' || Ammayi ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Janakeeyam'' || Surya's mother ||
|-
|}

===Telugu===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Mathru Devata]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1971 || ''[[Tahsildar Gari Ammayi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Kathanayakuralu'' || Radha ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathanayakuralu (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OLR/info |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1972 || ''[[Koduku Kodalu]]'' || Vasundhara ||
|-
|''Bhale Mosagadu''|| ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1973 || ''[[Neramu Siksha]]'' || Prabha ||
|-
| ''[[Dhanama? Daivama?]]'' || Shanti ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1974 || ''[[Manushullo Devudu]]'' || Sudha ||
|-
| ''Inti Kodalu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1975 || ''Thota Ramudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Jebu Donga (1975 film)|Jebu Donga]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maya Maschindra (1975 film)|Maya Machindhra]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Maa Voori Ganga'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1976 || ''Ee Kalapu Pillalu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sita Kalyanam (1976 film)|Sita Kalyanam]]'' || [[Sumitra]] ||
|-
| ''[[Bhakta Kannappa]]'' || [[Parvati]] ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Dongalaku Donga'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1979 || ''Maa Voori Devatha'' || ||
|-
| ''Bottu Katuka'' || ||
|-
| ''Namala Tatayya'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1980 || ''[[Kaksha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Badai Basavayya'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1981 || ''Swargam'' || ||
|-
| ''Gadasari Atta Sogasari Kodalu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1982 || ''[[Sankarlal|Andagaadu]]'' || Dhanalakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Radha My Darling]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Billa Ranga'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=Billa- Ranga: నలభై ఏళ్ళ 'బిల్లా-రంగా' |trans-title= Billa-Ranga: Forty years of 'Billa-Ranga'|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/billa-ranga-movie-has-completed-40-years-247252.html |access-date=2024-04-28|website=[[NTV (India)|NTV Telugu]] |language=te |archive-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201022636/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/billa-ranga-movie-has-completed-40-years-247252.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalavari Samsaram]]'' || Sumathi ||
|-
| ''Kayyala Ammayi Kalavari Abbayi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Krishnavataram]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 |1983 || ''[[Adavalle Aligithe]]'' || Rajeswari ||
|-
| ''Puli Debba'' || ||
|-
| 1984 || ''Railu Dopidi'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1985 || ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Visha Kanya'' || ||
|-
|''[[Darja Donga]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Moodila muchata'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pachani Kapuram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Maya Mohini'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Koteeswarudu]]'' || Koulasya ||
|-
| rowspan=2 |1986 || ''Papikondalu'' || ||
|-
| ''Prema Gharshana'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=5 |1987 || ''[[Manmadha Leela Kamaraju Gola]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Muddayi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Punnami Chandrudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Srimathi Oka Bahumathi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Veera Viharam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1988 || ''Illu Illalu Pillalu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Station Master (1988 film)|Station Master]]'' || Pushpa's mother ||
|-
| ''Chinnodu Peddodu'' || ||
|-
| ''Pelli Chesi Choodu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thodallullu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aadade Aadharam'' || ||
|-
| ''Sridevi Kamakshi Kataksham'' || ||
|-
| 1989 || ''Chennapatnam Chinnollu'' || Radha's mother ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennapatnam Chinnollu movie cast |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/chennapatnam-chinnollu-1989}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |1990 || ''[[Idem Pellam Baboi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'' || ||
|-
|''Papa Kosam'' || ||
|-
| 1991 || ''Kulamma Gunamma'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1992 || ''Kalaratrilo Kannepilla'' || ||
|-
| ''Samsarala Mechanic'' || Sumathi ||
|-
| ''[[Asadhyulu]]'' || ||
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Ankuram]]'' || ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Aadaalla Majaka]]'' || ||
|-
|}

===Kannada===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1969 || ''Chovkadha Deepa'' || || Debut Film
|-
| 1973 || ''Bethadha Bairava'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1976 || ''Rajanarthakiya Rahasya'' || ||
|-
| ''Bengaluru Bhootha'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1984 || ''[[Baddi Bangaramma]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Police Papanna'' || ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Sangliyana]]'' || ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Avane Nanna Ganda]]'' || ||
|-
|}

===Hindi===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1971 || ''[[Parde Ke Peechey]]'' || Special appearance ||
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Shehzada]]'' || Special appearance ||
|-
| 2001 || ''Devi Durga Shakti'' || ||
|-
|}

==Television serials==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Language
! Channel
|-
|1999–2000||Idi Katha Kaadu|| ||rowspan="2"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||[[ETV Telugu]]
|-
|2001–2002||Atthamma|| ||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2005–2006||Selvi||rowspan="2"|Saraswathi ||rowspan="2"|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||rowspan="2"|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2007–2009||Arasi
|-
|2007–2010||[[Ammayi Kaapuram]]||||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2007–2008||[[Chellamadi Nee Enakku]]|| ||rowspan="14"|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||rowspan="2"|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2010–2012||[[Chellamey]] || Visalatchi
|-
|2017–2018||[[Ninaika Therintha Manamae]]||Kamakshi||rowspan="2"|[[Star Vijay]]
|-
|2018–2019||[[Neelakuyil (TV series)|Neelakuyil]]||
|-
|2019||[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]||Kulagini||[[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|2019–2020||[[Thaenmozhi B.A (TV series)|Thenmozhi B. A.]]|| Deivanai ||[[Star Vijay]]
|-
|2019–2022||[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]||Arulvakhu Amuthanayaki||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2021||[[Kaatrukkenna Veli (TV series)|Kaatrukenna Veli]]|| Vennila's Grandmother ||[[Star Vijay]]
|-
|2021–2024||[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]||Ganthimathi||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2022||[[Amman (TV series)|Amman]]||Thaayamma||rowspan="2"|[[Colors Tamil]]
|-
|2022||[[Pachakili (TV series)|Pachakili]]||
|-
|2022||Ninaithale Inikkum||Special Appearance||[[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|2023||[[Modhalum Kaadhalum]]|| ||[[Star Vijay]]
|-
| 2023 || [[Sandhya Raagam (TV series)|Sandhya Raagam]] || Ramaniyamal || [[Zee Tamil]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0654926}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varalakshmi, P. R.}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]

Rankini Temple, Jadugora

2026-02-20T13:33:20Z

MohamedBehan20: enhanced page to improve readability per standard format

{{Short description|Temple in Jharkhand}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Rankini Temple
|location=Rohinibera, [[Jadugoda]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
|deity=[[Rankini]]
|native_name=Kapadgadi Ghat Rankini Mandir
|native_name_lang=[[Bhumij language]]
|image=Rankini Temple Jadugora.jpg
|state=[[Jharkhand]]
|country={{flag|India}}}}

'''Rankini Mandir''', also known as '''Kapadgadi Ghat Rankini Mandir''' is a temple situated in Rohinibera village of Bansila Gram Panchayat in [[Potka block]], near [[Jadugora]], [[Jamshedpur]] in [[Jharkhand]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Team WTJ |date=2025-12-13 |title=Rankini Mata Temple, Jadugoda – History, Legends, Significance & How to Reach |url=https://welcometojamshedpur.in/rankini-mandir/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Incredible India {{!}} Rankini Temple |url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/jamshedpur/rankini-temple.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.incredibleindia.org}}</ref> It is located near the [[Hata, Purvi Singhbhum|Hata]]-[[Jadugora]] State Highway. The stone that is the murthi is believed to be a physical incarnation of [[Rankini|Goddess Rankini]]. It is widely believed that during ancient times, people travelling through the dense forest used to worship at the Rankini Devi temple for their protection and well being.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मां रंकिणी का पाषाण और जागृत रूप, जानिए मां की महिमा |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/state/east-singhbhum/importance-of-mata-rankani-temple-in-jamshedpur/jh20201024054741151 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=24 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lockdown: आंशिक लॉकडाउन का जादूगोड़ा रंकिनी मंदिर पर पड़ा जबर्दस्त असर, कपाट खुले, भक्त नदारद |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-lockdown-had-a-tremendous-impact-on-the-enchanting-rankini-temple-jadugora-doors-opened-devotees-absent-jamshedpur-jharkhand-news-21593413.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=m.jagran.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== History ==
It is said about Maa Rankini temple that Goddess Rankini is seated in a stone and is still awake today. Rankini Temple was established during 1947-50, at present, the place where the mother is worshipped has been established. Mata Rankini used to reside in the Kapadgadi valley situated next to the drain passing below the main temple. Mother was in the form of a stone in a bond. It is said that Goddess Rankini came in a dream to a person named Dinbandhu Singh and told about herself being in the form of a stone. The Goddess also told in his dream that she needs worship and he would worship her. From that day onwards, Dinbandhu Singh started worshipping in that rock with vermilion and a colored cloth. A few years after that, the mother gave a divine dream to Dinbandhu and asked him to establish a place where the general public could also reach and worship Mata Rankini.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मां रंकिणी का पाषाण और जागृत रूप, जानिए मां की महिमा |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/state/east-singhbhum/importance-of-mata-rankani-temple-in-jamshedpur/jh20201024054741151 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=24 October 2020 }}</ref>

=== Goddess in the form of Sheela ===
Following the orders of the mother, Dinbandhu established a Sheela (stone) as the murthi (idol) of the Goddess where temple of Maa Rankini is located. After Dinbandhu, his son ManSingh and after Man Singh, his son Baidyanath Singh, with his family and the trust they created are running the temple. It is said that the size of the stone which is worshipped as Mother is increasing year after year. This stone is called a ''living'' stone. People tell this to the glory of the mother and the proof of her divine presence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मां रंकिणी का पाषाण और जागृत रूप, जानिए मां की महिमा |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/state/east-singhbhum/importance-of-mata-rankani-temple-in-jamshedpur/jh20201024054741151 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=24 October 2020 }}</ref>

== Story ==
Goddess Rankini used to live in the forests in the Kapadgadi Valley. One day a shepherd, seeing a girl walking alone in the forest, started asking about her. But the girl did not answer. To escape from the shepherd, she reached Kapadgadi Ghat, where a washer-man was washing clothes. She went inside his cloth bag and hid. After a while, when the shepherd could not find the girl, he returned to the forest. In the meantime, the pile of clothes in which the Goddess was hiding had turned into stone.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Team WTJ |date=2025-12-13 |title=Rankini Mata Temple, Jadugoda – History, Legends, Significance & How to Reach |url=https://welcometojamshedpur.in/rankini-mandir/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Temple ==
The Goddess worshipped in the temple is believed to be a physical incarnation of [[Goddess Kali]]. The ancient temple is said to have formerly existed on a rock. According to the legends, the temple had witnessed the [[human sacrifice]]s (''narabali)'' in the past, until about 1865, when this was eventually stopped by the [[British Empire|British]]. The belief amongst the tribes was that the Goddess herself killed the victims. The stone deity was originally worshipped by the local [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]] tribes. Later, through the passage of time this worship transformed into worship of the [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Durga|Goddess Durga]], probably when the Kings of [[Dhalbhumgarh]] took over. Dhalbhum was first written about when the British Army attacked the [[Dhalbhum]] and [[Ghatsila]] region in 1767 jointly with Raja of [[Midnapore]], after a previous abortive attempt in 1765. The famous Bengali writer [[Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay]] (1894-1950) has mentioned Rankini Devi in his [[Bengali language|Bengali]] story named "Rankini Debir Khadga".

The current temple that stands is about 70 years old, built around 1950. The trust managing the temple was formed in 1954. The main temple is flanked by a temple dedicated to [[Lord Ganesha]] and a temple dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]], on each side. The old Rankini temple is situated at Ghatshila police station complex.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian stock photo website{{!}}Explore Indian stock Images from photographers across India |url=https://www.picxy.com/,%20https://www.picxy.com/book_photographer |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.picxy.com |language=en}}</ref>

There is a Hari Mandir recently{{when?|date=February 2023}} constructed near the Rankini temple dedicated to [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Gobind]].{{fact|date=February 2023}}

=== Tradition ===
During the early days the priests were from the tribal [[Bhumij people|Bhumij community]]. Since then the priests of the Bhumij community worship in the temple. Goddess Rankini is held in high esteem and worshipped by both tribal and non tribal people inhabiting the district.{{fact|date=February 2023}}

== Location ==
Located on the [[Hata, Purvi Singhbhum|Hata]]-[[Jadugora]] state highway, the temple is in the Rohinibera village of Bansila Gram Panchayat in [[Potka block]]. It is about 3 km from [[Jadugoda]] and 35 km away from [[Tatanagar Railway Station]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Incredible India {{!}} Rankini Temple |url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/jamshedpur/rankini-temple.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.incredibleindia.org}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[P&M Hi-Tech City Centre Mall]]
* [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Durga temples]]
[[Category:Kali temples]]
[[Category:Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jamshedpur]]

Tanu Khan

2026-02-12T03:11:53Z

MohamedBehan20: Added details - done

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tanu Khan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| spouse =
| other_names =
| known for = ''[[Chandra Nandini]]''
}}

'''Tanu Khan''' is an Indian television actress. She is best known for her portrayal of [[Chandragupta (play)|Empress Helena Maurya]] in the TV series [[Chandra Nandini]] and Mishika in [[Yeh Hai Chahatein]].

==Career==
She was in the TV show [[Chandra Nandini]] as Empress Helena Maurya with [[Shweta Basu Prasad]]. In 2019, she began playing the role of Mishka Singhania in ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]].''{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
| 2013
|''[[MTV Roadies (season 10)|MTV Roadies 10]]''
| Contestant
|-
|2015–2016
|''[[Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum]]''
|Nisha Sabharwal
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Chandra Nandini]]''
| Helena
|-
|2018
|[[CID (Indian TV series)|''CID'']]
|Rupali (Ep 1500)
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Musakaan (2018 TV series)|Musakaan]]''
| Kajal Bisht<ref>{{cite news |title=Nothing negative |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/nothing-negative-742295/ |access-date=10 March 2025 |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=13 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2021
|''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]''
|Mishika Singhania
|-
|2023
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]''
|Rihanna
|-
|2025
|''[[Zyada Mat Udd]]''
|Anu Arora Ahluwalia
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb name|nm11746146}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Tanu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Syed Mohammad Hadi

2026-02-12T03:09:19Z

MohamedBehan20: added info

{{short description|Indian tennis player}}
{{for|the Indian sugarcane specialist|Saiyid Muhammad Hadi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Syed Mohammed Hadi
| image = Hadi as Davis Cup c.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Hadi as Davis Cup player in about 1925
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1899|08|12}}
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = [[Nizam College]] [[Peterhouse]], [[Cambridge University]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1971|07|14|1899|08|12}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Syed Ali Akbar]] (brother)|[[Nawab Asman Jah Bahadur|Asman Jah]] (adoptive father) [[Syed Ahmed Hadi]] (grandson)}}
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| module = {{Infobox cricketer | embed = yes
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = [[Batsman (cricket)|Batsman]]
| club1 =
| year1 =
| type1 =
| onetype1 =
| debutdate1 =
| debutyear1 =
| debutfor1 =
| debutagainst1 =
| lastdate1 =
| lastyear1 =
| lastfor1 =
| lastagainst1 =
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 24
| runs1 = 1,043
| bat avg1 = 32.59
| 100s/50s1 = 2/3
| top score1 = 132[[not out|*]]
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1 = 9/0

| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/29311.html ESPN Cricinfo
| date = 27 September
| year = 2018
}}
}}
'''Syed Mohammad Hadi''' (12 August 1899 – 14 July 1971) was one of the most gifted pioneering athletes of India. He not only represented India in [[cricket]] and [[tennis]], but was also proficient in [[field hockey]], [[association football|football]], [[table tennis]], [[chess]], and [[polo]]. He was nicknamed "Rainbow Hadi" because of his expertise in these seven sports.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/282 |title=Syed Mohammad Hadi |work=Olympedia |access-date=21 November 2021 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121203040/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/282 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early years==
Hadi's father, Captain Syed Mohammed, was an officer in the [[Paigah family|Paigah]] army in [[Hyderabad State]] and died when Hadi was barely two years old. He was supported by the family of, [[Sir Asman Jah]], the former Prime Minister of Hyderabad State, in the court of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]. He was raised alongside, Asman Jah's son [[Nawab]] Moin-Ud-Dowlah, who would become a leading patron of sports in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/syed-mohammad-rainbow-hadi-first-man-to-score-a-ranji-trophy-hundred-459563|title=Syed Mohammad 'Rainbow' Hadi: First man to score a Ranji Trophy hundred|last=Dhole|first=Pradip|date=14 June 2016|work=Cricket Country|access-date=27 September 2018|language=en-us|archive-date=27 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927165225/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/syed-mohammad-rainbow-hadi-first-man-to-score-a-ranji-trophy-hundred-459563|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hadi learned [[horse riding]] and [[polo]] as a youth and played soccer for [[Nizam College]]. Recognizing their ward's exceptional athletic abilities, Asman Jah's family helped arrange for his studies in [[England]]. Along with [[Syed Abdul Rahim]], he was one of the founding members of [[Hyderabad Football Association]] (incorporated in 1939).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-hyderabad-football-history|first=Neil|last=Talnikar|title=Hyderabad Football: Retracing the city's rich legacy in the sport|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now|date=1 November 2019|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501003445/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-hyderabad-football-history}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Down the memory lane: The fascinating story of Hyderabad City Police club|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-hyderabad-city-police/16efj51rt5fzr1ez72zudmm4wf|website=www.goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|last1=Banerjee|first1=Ritabrata|date=25 April 2020|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222083110/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-hyderabad-city-police/16efj51rt5fzr1ez72zudmm4wf|archive-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabads-rainbow-man-hadi-played-multiple-sports-at-national-and-international-levels-2098714/ |title=Hyderabad's Rainbow Man Hadi played multiple sports at national and international levels |website=siasat.com |publisher=The Siasat Daily |location=Hyderabad |date=26 February 2021 |first=Minhaj |last=Adnan |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301204433/https://www.siasat.com/hyderabads-rainbow-man-hadi-played-multiple-sports-at-national-and-international-levels-2098714/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-23|title=Syed Abdul Rahim: The architect of Indian football's "Golden age"|url=https://footballpink.net/2018-11-22-syed-abdul-rahim-the-architect-of-indian-footballs-golden-age/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=The Football Pink|language=en-GB|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116054319/https://footballpink.net/2018-11-22-syed-abdul-rahim-the-architect-of-indian-footballs-golden-age/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Kausik Bandyopadhyay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uuYJEAAAQBAJ&q=Shiv+Kumar+Lal+aiff |title=Scoring Off the Field: Football Culture in Bengal, 1911–80 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=29 November 2020 |isbn=9781000084054 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307064545/https://books.google.com/books?id=uuYJEAAAQBAJ&q=Shiv+Kumar+Lal+aiff }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |title=Regionalism and club domination: Growth of rival centres of footballing excellence |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=6 August 2006 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301202832/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |journal=Soccer & Society |volume=6:2–3 |issue=2–3 |pages=227–256 |doi=10.1080/14660970500106410 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Tennis career ==
As a tennis player Hadi burst on to the international scene while studying at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] where he studied at [[Peterhouse]] and worked hard to become a [[Cambridge Blue]]. He helped the Cambridge team score a series of victories against [[Oxford University]] and visiting American teams. He also earned university colours in field hockey, soccer, and table tennis.

Denied the captaincy of the Cambridge team because he was an Indian, he vindicated his claim by representing India at the [[Davis Cup]] in 1924 and 1925. He also represented India at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] for five years and in 1926 reached the quarterfinals in doubles. He was one of the first Indians to compete as a tennis player at the [[Olympic Games|Olympics]] ([[1924 Summer Olympics]]).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418113904/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ha/s-m-hadi-1.html S M Hadi at Sports Reference]</ref>

== Cricketer ==
As a cricketer he played several [[first-class cricket]] matches for Hyderabad. When the [[Ranji Trophy]] was instituted in 1934, Hadi became the first batsman to score a [[century (cricket)|century]]. He was also on the Indian team in 1936 when they played an "unofficial Test match" against the Australians led by [[Jack Ryder (cricketer)|Jack Ryder]]. He continued to play for the Hyderabad XI in the Ranji Trophy till 1941. Many of his siblings were also accomplished sportsmen. His brothers Hussein Mohammad and Ashgar Ali were first class cricketers.

==Sports and public service ==
In 1939-40 Hadi along with his brother Col. Ali Raza, Nawab Mahmood Yar Jung, [[Syed Abdul Rahim|S.A. Rahim]] and Ahmed Mohiuddin was one of the founding members of the [[Hyderabad Football Association]] and the [[Hyderabad Cricket Association]]. After retiring from athletics, Hadi continued his involvement in sports as an educator. He had an [[Master's degree#MAs in Oxford.2C Cambridge and Dublin|MA]] from Cambridge and a master's from the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Hadi was the Director of Physical Education in Hyderabad and ultimately became Joint Secretary of Education in the Indian Government. Another brother [[Syed Ali Akbar]] was also a prominent educator of Hyderabad. Hadi was an avid supporter of the [[Scout Movement]] and received the [[Wood Badge]]. He was the National Commissioner of the [[Bharat Scouts and Guides|Boy Scouts of India]].

When the All-India Council of Sports was formed in 1959 he became its first secretary.

== Legacy ==
Hadi died in his native Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, of lung cancer at the age of 72. In an obituary published on 3 September 1971 the [[Indian Express]] wrote - "It is but given to a few and seldom to shine in so many sports." The man who adopted him, Nawab Moin-Ud-Dowlah, was also a great patron of cricket in India. The [[Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament|Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Cricket Tournament]] is played to this day. The tournament's runner-up trophy is now called the S.M. Hadi Memorial Trophy.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hadi Mohammad Syed}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Telangana]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Indian male field hockey players]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Hyderabad cricketers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu cricketers]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 1924 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]

Bhamodi

2026-02-06T13:30:37Z

MohamedBehan20: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhamodi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|11|21|N|78|44|16|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3983
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhamodi''' is a [[census town]] in [[Chhindwara district]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bhamodi had a population of 3,983. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bhamodi has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of the females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jabalpur Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chhindwara district]]

{{Jabalpur-geo-stub}}

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology

2026-02-02T07:36:41Z

MohamedBehan20: Article updated with latest changes

{{Short description|State university in Haryana, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
| native_name =
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| image = Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology logo.jpg
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| former_name = Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering, Murthal
| motto =
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| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| established = {{start date|1986}}
| closed = 
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| chancellor = [[Governor of Haryana]]
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| vice_chancellor = Shree Prakash Singh
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| address = [[Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana]]
| country = India
| postcode = 131027
| coordinates = {{Coord|29|1|38|N|77|3|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = {{convert|273|acre|km2}}
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[[File:Panormic_View_DCRUST_Murthal.jpg|thumb|240px|Panormic view of Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology (DCRUST) at Murthal.]]
'''Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology''' ('''DCRUST'''), formerly '''Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering, Murthal''' ('''CRSCE'''), is a [[state university (India)|state university]] located in [[Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana]], India. It was established in 2006 by an Act of the [[Government of Haryana]], upgrading a 1986 established college.

== History ==
It was founded in 1986 by the [[Government of Haryana]] in memory of Sir [[Chhotu Ram]] (1881–1945). It was then known as the Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering, Murthal until the government of Haryana upgraded it to University on 6 November 2006 through an Act 29 of 2006 of the Legislature of the state of Haryana. The university has been considered eligible for grants under Section 12(B) of UGC Act, 1956 in March 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=2|title=List of Universities oh Haryana recognised by UGC|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About University |url=http://www.dcrustm.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=368&Itemid=251 |access-date=31 July 2011 |work=dcrusm.org.in}}</ref>

== Location ==
The university is in Murthal on National Highway No. 44, {{cvt|50|km}} from Inter State Bus Terminal, [[Delhi]] and {{cvt|4|km}} from [[Sonipat]] bus stand. The campus of the college has been developed on {{convert|273|acre|km2}} of land which falls within the industrial and commercial belt extending from Kundli to Panipat.

== Departments ==
The university has the following departments:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dcrustm.ac.in/|title=Departments of DCRUST, Murthal|website=dcrustm.ac.in|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>

=== Engineering/science ===
* Architecture
* Biomedical
* Biotechnology
* Center of Excellence for Energy and Environment Studies (CEEES)
* Chemical
* Civil
* Computer science
* Electrical
* Electronics and communication
* Mechanical
*Education

=== Management and humanities ===
* Humanities
* Management

=== Sciences and mathematics ===
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Environmental science

==Hostels==
The university campus has a total of 7 hostels, three for women and 4 for men. The capacity of the women's hostels is 450; the men's hostels, 966.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dcrustm.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26&Itemid=38 | title=Hostel Facilities | publisher=dcrustm.ac.in | access-date=20 March 2013}}</ref>

== Foreign collaborations ==
The university is a member of [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] (ACU).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acu.ac.uk/institutions/view?id=4804 |title=www.acu.ac.uk |access-date=4 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224162533/http://www.acu.ac.uk/institutions/view?id=4804 |archive-date=24 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of universities in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology}}

* [http://www.dcrusm.org.in/ Official website]

{{Universities in Haryana}}
{{Sonipat district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science And Technology}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Haryana]]
[[Category:Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Sonipat district]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Haryana]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1986]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in India]]

Sunil John

2026-01-31T08:04:54Z

MohamedBehan20: Added a bio - done

{{short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Like resume|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sunil John
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| image = Sunil John.jpg
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| occupation = Businessman
| years_active =
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| website = {{url|www.asdaa-bcw.com}}
| agent =
| known_for = [[Public relations]] advisor
| notable_works =
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| awards = MEPRA (Middle East Public Relations Association) Fellowship Award 2018
Chairman's Award at MEPRA PR Awards 2016
SABRE Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement 2014
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'''Sunil John''' is the founder of ASDA'A BCW and President - Middle East of BCW<ref name=HR>{{cite web|title= Burson Cohn & Wolfe Names Regional Leadership Following Merger|url=https://www.holmesreport.com/latest/article/burson-cohn-wolfe-names-regional-leadership-following-merger|publisher=The Holmes Report|date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=Z>{{cite news|title= Sunil John appointed President, Middle East at Burson Cohn & Wolfe |url=https://www.zawya.com/uae/en/story/Sunil_John_appointed_President_Middle_East_at_Burson_Cohn__Wolfe-ZAWYA20180307074610/|newspaper = [[Zawya]] |date=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref name =ab3>{{cite news|title= Sunil John appointed President of Burson Cohn & Wolfe in Middle East |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/media/391675-sunil-john-appointed-president-of-burson-cohn-wolfe-in-middle-east|newspaper = [[Arabian Business]] |date=7 March 2018}}</ref> owned by the $20.7 billion [[WPP plc|WPP Group]].

==Personal life==
John earned his bachelor's degree in science (1980) and master's degree in communication and journalism (1982) from [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].{{cn|date=May 2024}} He started his career as an investigative journalist with the [[Deccan Chronicle]], Hyderabad, before moving into the public relations sector with the [[Indian Oil Corporation]] in Mumbai and then with [[Thermax]] in [[Pune]]. He moved to Dubai, UAE, in 1994 to join the nascent PR sector in the Middle East region.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

==Career==

John has been in the communication and [[public relations]] business for nearly three decades,<ref name=ab>{{cite news|title=People {{!}} Sunil John|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/people/sunil-john-156262.html|newspaper=[[Arabian Business]]}}</ref> including the last 25 years in the Middle East region. John founded ASDA'A in 2000, which merged with the global public relations firm [[Burson-Marsteller]] in 2008 to form ASDA'A Burson-Marsteller, majority owned by the $20.7 billion [[WPP plc|WPP Group]], a global communication holding company. After the merger of Burson-Marsteller and Cohn & Wolfe in February 2018, ASDA'A Burson-Marsteller is now ASDA'A BCW.<ref name=wpp>{{cite news|title= WPP announces the merger of Burson-Marsteller and Cohn & Wolfe|url=https://www.wpp.com/news/2018/02/wpp-announces-merger-of-burson-marsteller-and-cohn-and-wolfe|website=[[WPP Plc|WPP]]}}</ref> John continues to be a significant shareholder in the firm.

ASDA'A BCW has 8 wholly owned offices and seven affiliates covering 15 countries in the Middle East and North Africa. ASDA'A BCW was named "Middle East Consultancy of the Year 2019" at the EMEA SABRE 2019 Awards by The Holmes Report.<ref>{{cite news|title= 2019 Middle East Consultancies of the Year |url= https://www.holmesreport.com/events-awards/agencies-of-the-year/2019-agencies-of-the-year/emea/middle-east-consultancies-of-the-year|website=[[The Holmes Report]] |date= May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= ASDA'A BCW named 'Middle East Consultancy of the Year' at the EMEA SABRE 2019 Awards|url= https://www.eyeofdubai.ae/news/details/asda-a-bcw-named-middle-east-consultancy-of-the-year-at-the-emea-sabre-2019-awards|website= Eye of Dubai |date= 28 May 2019}}</ref> ASDA’A BCW was also named “PR Agency of the Year – Middle East and Africa 2019” at the International Business Awards by Stevie Awards and a ‘Grand Stevie’ for ranking third among the ‘Top 10 Honoured Organizations’ globally.<ref>{{cite news|title= ASDA'A BCW wins second PR Agency of the Year title in 2019 |url= https://www.arabianbusiness.com/media/431238-asdaa-bcw-wins-second-pr-agency-of-the-year-title-in-2019 |website=Arabian Business |date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

John received the SABRE Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement (EMEA)<ref>{{cite news|title= Sunil John To Receive Individual Achievement SABRE In London |url=https://www.holmesreport.com/latest/article/sunil-john-to-receive-individual-achievement-sabre-in-london |newspaper=The Holmes Report |date=11 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Outstanding achievement PR award for Sunil John |url=https://thearabianpost.com/tap/2014/05/outstanding-achievement-pr-award-for-sunil-john.html |newspaper=The Arabian Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= ASDA'A Burson-Marsteller CEO honoured with SABRE Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement |url= https://www.zawya.com/uae/en/story/ASDAA_BursonMarsteller_CEO_honoured_with_SABRE_Award_for_Outstanding_Individual_Achievement__-ZAWYA20140515080740/|newspaper=[[Zawya]] |date=15 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Asda'a CEO honoured with Sabre Award |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display-1.asp?section=uaebusiness&xfile=data/uaebusiness/2014/may/uaebusiness_may379.xml|newspaper=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=24 May 2014}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=May 2024}} from The Holmes Report on 20 May 2014. He is the first PR professional from the Middle East to be honoured with this prestigious global award. He was also honoured with the MEPRA Fellowship Award<ref>{{cite news|title= Founder and CEO of PR agency ASDA'A Burson-Marsteller, Sunil John, awarded MEPRA Fellowship |url=http://arabadonline.com/details/news-in-brief/founder-and-ceo-of-pr-agency-asda-a-burson-marsteller-sunil-john-awarded-mepra-fellowship |newspaper=Arab Ad|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Who has been awarded the MEPRA Fellowship? |url=https://communicateonline.me/pr/who-has-been-awarded-the-mepra-fellowship/ |newspaper=Campaign Middle East|date=14 May 2018}}</ref> on 10 May 2018 and the Chairman's Award 2016<ref>{{cite news|title= Sunil John takes home Chairman's Award at Middle East PR Awards |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/sunil-john-takes-home-chairman-s-award-at-middle-east-pr-awards-654135.html|newspaper=[[Arabian Business]]|date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= PR awards pick the winners for this year |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/media/pr-awards-pick-the-winners-for-this-year-1.1937075|newspaper=Gulf News|date=29 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Sunil John takes home Chairman's Award at Middle East PR Awards 2016 |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/local/sunil-john-takes-home-chairmans-award-at-middle-east-pr-awards-2016|newspaper=[[Khaleej Times]]|date=24 November 2016}}</ref> at the Middle East Public Relations Association (MEPRA) Awards on 23 November 2016. He has been listed on the "Arabian Business 100 Inspiring leaders in the Middle East" in March 2018<ref>{{cite news|title= 100 Inspiring leaders in the Middle East |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/392560-100-inspiring-leaders-in-the-middle-east-69sunil-john|newspaper = [[Arabian Business]] |date=March 2018}}</ref> and "Arabian Business 100 influential people helping shape the Emirate" in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title= 100 influential people helping shape the Emirate |url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/lists/397540-dxb100-89sunil-john|newspaper = [[Arabian Business]] |date=May 2018}}</ref>

In 2018, John said that one of the few industries where truth, facts, honesty and evidence are positively thriving is public relations<ref>{{cite news|title= The year ahead for Public Relations |url=http://campaignme.com/2018/01/25/113435/year-ahead-public-relations-sunil-john-founder-ceo-asdaa-burson-marsteller/|newspaper = Campaign Middle East|date=25 January 2018}}</ref> and urged all PR practitioners to adopt the universal PR Compact based on four simple tenets – insist on accuracy, demand transparency, engage in the free and open exchange of ideas and require everyone to take universal online ethics training.<ref>{{cite news|title= The business of PR can help with the truth |url=http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/media/the-business-of-pr-can-help-with-the-truth-1.2179889|newspaper = Gulf News|date= 27 February 2018}}</ref>

Since 2008, John leads the annual ASDA'A BCW Arab Youth Survey – the largest survey of its kind of the Middle East region's largest demographic. The 11th annual Arab Youth Survey was launched on April 30, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/05/02/arab-youths-want-religion-to-play-a-smaller-role-in-society.html|title=Arab youths want religion to play a smaller role in society|date=2019-05-02|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2020-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Sunil John's interview on Bloomberg Daybreak: Middle East|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2018-05-08/arab-youth-say-middle-east-has-moved-in-wrong-direction-survey-video |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date= 8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Sunil John's interview on CNN Connect the World|url= https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2018/05/28/arab-youth-survey-2018-ctw.cnn|website=[[CNN]]|date= 13 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Her Excellency Reem Al Hashimy will join experts to debate findings of the 10th ASDA'A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey|url= https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/story/Her_Excellency_Reem_Al_Hashimy_will_join_experts_to_debate_findings_of_the_10th_ASDAA_BursonMarsteller_Arab_Youth_Survey-ZAWYA20180506143743/|newspaper =[[Zawya]]|date= 6 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Arab youth feel region 'has gone in the wrong direction' in last 10 years, survey finds|url= https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/08/arab-youth-feel-region-has-gone-in-the-wrong-direction-in-last-10-years-survey-finds.html/|newspaper =[[CNBC]]|date= 8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Young Arabs see UAE as role model; Middle East youth divided by access to opportunity|url= https://gulfnews.com/news/uae/government/survey-young-arabs-see-uae-as-role-model-middle-east-youth-divided-by-access-to-opportunity-1.2021191|newspaper =[[Gulf News]]|date= 3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= The Arab World's Global Citizens|url= https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-arab-worlds-global-ci_b_5269331.html|newspaper =Huffington Post|date= 5 June 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=TN2>{{cite news|title=Find ways to let young people fulfill their hopes |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/editorial/find-ways-to-let-young-people-fulfil-their-hopes|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131008093833/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/editorial/find-ways-to-let-young-people-fulfil-their-hopes|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2013|newspaper=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= The Voice of Arab Optimism|url= https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-voice-of-arab-optimis_b_3139381.html|website =Huffington Post|date= 23 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Arab youth aspire to live and work in UAE|url= http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/society/arab-youth-aspire-to-live-and-work-in-uae-1.1017080|newspaper=[[Gulf News]]|date=2 May 2012}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=May 2024}}

John chaired the organizing committee of the ''20th Public Relations World Congress'' held in Dubai from 13 to 15 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title= UAE to host 20th Public Relations World Congress |url= https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20110927/ARTICLE/309279843/1002|newspaper =[[Khaleej Times]]|date= 27 September 2011}}</ref>

John previously served as the UAE National Chair of International Public Relations Association and vice president of the IPRA Gulf Chapter.

John also served as a director at [[DAR Motion Pictures]], an India-based movie production and distribution company that has produced a dozen feature films. The Lunchbox, co-produced by John,<ref>{{cite news|title= The Lunchbox's Dubai Connection|url= http://www.masala.com/the-lunchbox-s-dubai-connection-148810.html|magazine = Masala|date= 11 December 2013}}</ref> won the Critics Week Viewers' Choice Award at Cannes Film Festival.<ref>{{cite news|title= Ritesh Batra's Lunchbox wins Critics Week Viewers Choice Award at Cannes Film Festival 2013|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/cannes-film-festival-2013/story/dabba-wins-critics-week-viewers-choice-award-at-cannes-164194-2013-05-23|newspaper = India Today|date= 24 May 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]

High Court of Karnataka (Gulbarga Bench)

2026-01-26T05:14:47Z

MohamedBehan20: put up a post...

{{Short description|Bench of the High Court in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox court
| court_name = High Court of Karnataka, Kalaburagi Bench
| native_name = {{lang|hi|ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಹೈಕೋರ್ಟ್, ಕಲಬುರಗಿ ಪೀಠ}}
| image =
| imagesize = 220px
| caption = Emblem of the court
| established = {{start date and age|2013|08|31|df=y}}
| location = Kalaburagi, [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17.3139|N|76.7974|E|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| type = Permanent bench; [[President of India|Presidential]] appointment on [[advice and consent|advice]] of the [[Chief Justice of India]] and the [[Governor of Karnataka]]
| authority = [[Constitution of India]]
| appealsto = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| terms = Mandatory retirement at age 62
| language = Kannada, English
| positions = 5 (sanctioned) 3 (current)
| website = {{url|karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in}}
| chiefjudgetitle =
| chiefjudgename =
}}

The '''High Court of Karnataka, Kalaburagi Bench''' ({{langx|hi|ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಹೈಕೋರ್ಟ್, ಕಲಬುರಗಿ ಪೀಠ}})is a permanent bench of the [[Karnataka High Court]] established in 2013 to serve northern [[Karnataka]], [[India]].

== History ==
The Kalaburagi Bench was approved as a permanent bench by the [[Government of India]] on August 30, 2013, following recommendations from the [[Chief Justice of India]] and consultations with the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-30 |title=Permanent Bench of Karnataka High Court at Dharwad and Gulbarga |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98252 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> The bench was inaugurated on August 31, 2013 by Chief Justice P. Sathasivam and Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-08-31 |title=Gulbarga, Dharwad get permanent benches |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Gulbarga-Dharwad-get-permanent-benches/article12061549.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

The bench initially functioned from temporary facilities at the District Court complex,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-08-24 |title=Permanent bench of Karnataka High Court to be inaugurated on Saturday |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/Aug/24/permanent-bench-of-karnataka-high-court-to-be-inaugurated-on-saturday-509878.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> and faced several challenges including:
* Jurisdictional questions raised through a 2011 PIL<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-06-28 |title=Court admits PIL on jurisdiction of Gulbarga Bench |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/court-admits-pil-on-jurisdiction-of-gulbarga-bench/articleshow/9331397.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref>
* Infrastructure deficits reported in 2016<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-28 |title=Several issues haunt Kalaburagi Bench of HC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Several-issues-haunt-Kalaburagi-Bench-of-HC/article14495777.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* A 17-day lawyers' boycott in 2015<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-11-04 |title=Lawyers in Kalaburagi High Court bench join indefinite boycott |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/lawyers-in-kalaburagi-high-court-bench-join-indefinite-boycott-of-court-work/article7393822.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Jurisdiction ==
The bench serves all six districts of northern Karnataka,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-01 |title=HC's permanent bench in Gulbarga inaugurated |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/Sep/01/hcs-permanent-bench-in-gulbarga-inaugurated-512348.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> including [[Bellary district|Bellary]], [[Bidar district|Bidar]], [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]], [[Koppal district|Koppal]], [[Raichur district|Raichur]] and [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]].

== Operations ==
The judicial strength of the court is summarised as:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year !! Sanctioned !! Actual !! Notes
|-
| 2013 ||align=center| 4 ||align=center| 4 ||
|-
| 2017 ||align=center| 4 ||align=center| 2-3 || <ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-18 |title=Shortage of judges hits work in Kalaburagi, Dharwad benches |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/shortage-of-judges-hits-work-in-kalaburagi-dharwad-benches-of-the-high-court/article19146439.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 ||align=center| 5 ||align=center| 3 || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalaburagi Bench of Karnataka HC functioning with just three judges |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/kalaburagi-bench-karnataka-hc-functioning-just-three-judges |website=Bar & Bench}}</ref>
|}

Since 2018, the bench has maintained special arrangements during court vacations with rotating judges from the principal bench.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-11 |title=High Court judges to sit in Dharwad, Kalaburagi benches during vacation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/high-court-judges-to-sit-in-dharwad-kalaburagi-benches-during-vacation/article25776836.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

A 2023 assessment noted that the court has dealt with 93,784 cases in the first decade of its operations,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-31 |title=Kalaburagi Bench of Karnataka High Court celebrates decennial of existence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kalaburagi-bench-of-karnataka-high-court-celebrates-decennial-of-existence/article24902288.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> delivered a reduction of forty percent of case backlog for the northern districts,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-06 |title=Establishment of Dharwad and Kalaburagi benches created awareness on legal rights |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/establishment-of-dharwad-and-kalaburagi-benches-created-awareness-on-legal-rights-of-north-karnataka-residents-hc/article66915854.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> and improved access for women and marginalized communities.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Law}}}}
* [[High Court of Karnataka (Dharwad Bench)|Dharwad Bench of the High Court]]
* [[Judiciary of India]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in}}

{{High courts of India}}

[[Category:2013 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:High courts of India|Karnataka, Kalaburagi]]
[[Category:Kalaburagi]]
[[Category:Government of Karnataka]]

Sitamarhi Junction railway station

2026-01-16T08:41:08Z

MohamedBehan20: Added new post - done

{{Short description|Railway station in Sitamarhi, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Sitamarhi Junction
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|70px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = Sitamarhi Jn Station.jpg
| address = Near Mehsaul Chowk [[Sitamarhi]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.5949|85.5046|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|69|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central]]
| line = [[Sitamarhi–Hajipur line (via Muzaffarpur)]] [[Sitamarhi–Gorakhpur line (via Raxaul, Narkatiyaganj)]] [[Sitamarhi–Samastipur line (via Darbhanga)]]
| platform = 5
| tracks = 8
| other =
| accessible =
| bicycle = No
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SMI
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Samastipur}}
}}
| status = Active
| closed =
| former =
| opened = 1890
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes.
| passengers =
| mpassengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = 
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| map_type = India Bihar#India#Asia
| map_caption = Location of Sitamarhi Junction in Bihar, India
| map_size = 300
| image_caption = Banner of the Sitamarhi Junction railway station
}}
'''Sitamarhi Junction railway station''' is a main railway station in [[Sitamarhi district]], [[Bihar]]. Its code is '''SMI'''. It serves [[Sitamarhi]] City. The station consists of five platforms. It is an '''A''' category railway station of the [[Samastipur railway division]].

The Sitamarhi Junction is well connected to most of the major cities in India like [[Patna]], [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Kanpur]], [[Guwahati]], [[Lucknow]], Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities by the railway network and serves the city with numerous trains. It is also the originating station for five superfasts and express trains.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/sitamarhi-junction-smi/4588| title=Sitamarhi Junction| website=India Rail Info| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511140302/http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/sitamarhi-junction-smi/4588| archivedate=2017-05-11}}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Improvised-Explosive-Device-found-on-rail-track-in-Raxaul/articleshow/54633306.cms Improvised Explosive Device found on rail track in Raxaul] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113144805/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Patna/Improvised-Explosive-Device-found-on-rail-track-in-Raxaul/articleshow/54633306.cms |date=2017-01-13 }}</ref>

The Darbhanga–Sitamarhi–Raxaul track was converted to broad gauge in February 2014. Another broad-gauge track connects Sitamarhi to [[Muzaffarpur]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Escalators-at-10-more-ECR-stations-soon-GM/articleshow/52367356.cms Escalators at 10 more ECR stations soon: GM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819005508/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Escalators-at-10-more-ECR-stations-soon-GM/articleshow/52367356.cms |date=2016-08-19 }}</ref>

The major facilities available are waiting rooms, retiring room, a computerized reservation facility, reservation counter, vehicle parking, etc.

There are refreshment rooms, vegetarian and non-vegetarian foodstuffs, tea stall, book stall, post and telegraphic office and Government Railway police office.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ECR-well-on-target-in-goods-loading-GM/articleshow/55377734.cms ECR well on target in goods loading: GM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202053822/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ECR-well-on-target-in-goods-loading-GM/articleshow/55377734.cms |date=2017-02-02 }}</ref>

== Redevelopment ==

'''Sitamarhi railway station''' is undergoing a major redevelopment project under [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme]], estimated to cost ₹255.75 crore . The project aims to transform the station into a modern transportation hub, providing world-class facilities and amenities to passengers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Redevelopment of Sitamarhi Jn |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sitamarhi/story-construction-work-of-world-class-railway-station-started-in-sitamarhi-9942124.html |work=LiveHindustan}}</ref>

'''Key features of the redevelopment Plan'''

*New Station Building: A state-of-the-art building with modern architecture
* Elevated Road: An elevated road to improve connectivity and reduce congestion
*Air Plaza: A spacious 108-meter-wide air plaza spanning over platforms, providing a comfortable environment for travelers
*Multilevel Car Parking: Ample parking space for vehicles
*Lifts and Escalators: Easy access to all platforms and floors
*Access Control System
*Enhanced security measures
*Firefighting System: Advanced fire safety features
*Second Entry: Additional entry point for passengers
*Modern Amenities: World-class amenities, including Wi-Fi, food courts, and retail outlets

== Nearby railway stations ==

*[[Bhisa Halt railway station]]
*[[Dumra railway station]]
*[[Tapaswinarayan Nagar Halt railway station]]
*[[Parsauni railway station]]
*[[Janakpur Road railway station]]
*{{stnlnk|Muzaffarpur Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Darbhanga Junction}}
*{{stnlnk|Raxaul Junction}}

==Trains==

* [[Kolkata–Sitamarhi Express]]
* [[Mithilanchal Express]]
* [[Raxaul–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Karmabhoomi Express]]
* [[Howrah–Raxaul Express]]
* [[Lichchavi Express]]
* [[Sadbhavna Express (via Sitamarhi)]]
* [[New Jalpaiguri–Sitamarhi Weekly Express]]
* [[Sadbhavna Express (via Faizabad)]]
* [[Kamakhya–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express]]
* [[Sealdah–Muzaffarpur Express]]
* [[Patliputra–Raxaul DEMU]]
* [[AMRIT BHARAT EXPRESS]]
* [[AMRIT BHARAT EXPRESS (DARBHANGA VIA ANAND VIHAR TERMINAL)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Bihar]]
[[Category:Samastipur railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Sitamarhi]]

Subtropics

2026-01-14T05:46:49Z

MohamedBehan20: page updated

{{Short description|Geographic and climate zone}}
{{Infobox ecoregion}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
[[File:Subtropical.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Areas of the world with subtropical climates]]

The '''subtropical zones''' or '''subtropics''' are [[geographical zone|geographical]] and [[Köppen climate classification|climate zones]] immediately to the [[Northern Hemisphere|north]] and [[Southern Hemisphere|south]] of the [[tropics]]. Geographically part of the [[Geographical zone#Temperate zones|temperate zones]] of both hemispheres, they cover the [[middle latitudes]] from {{circle of latitude|tropical|convert}} to approximately 35° to 40° north and south.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subtropical zone |url=https://content.meteoblue.com/en/research-education/educational-resources/meteoscool/general-climate-zones/subtropical-zone |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=meteoblue |language=en}}</ref> The [[horse latitudes]] lie within this range.

Subtropical climates are often characterized by hot summers and mild winters with infrequent frost. Most subtropical climates fall into two basic types: [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Cfa/Cwa), where rainfall is often concentrated in the warmest months, for example [[list of regions of China|Southeast China]] and the [[Southeastern United States]], and [[Mediterranean climate|dry summer]] or [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Csa/Csb), where seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the cooler months, such as the [[Mediterranean Basin]] or [[Southern California]].

Subtropical climates can also occur at high elevations within the [[tropics]], such as in the southern end of the [[Mexican Plateau]] and in [[Da Lat]] of the Vietnamese Central Highlands. The six climate classifications use the term to help define the various [[temperature]] and [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] regimes for planet [[Earth]].

A great portion of the world's deserts are within the subtropics, as this is where the semi-permanent subtropical anticyclone resides (typically inland on the southwest sides of continents). Areas bordering warm oceans (typically on the southeast sides of continents) have hot and wet summers with frequent (but brief) convective rainfall ([[tropical cyclone]]s can also contribute to annual rainfall). Areas bordering cool oceans (typically on the southwest sides of continents) are prone to fog, aridity, and dry summers. Plants such as [[palm (plant)|palms]], [[citrus]], [[mango]], [[pistachio]], [[lychee]], and [[avocado]] are grown in the subtropics.

== Definition ==
{{See also|List of locations with a subtropical climate}}

The tropics have been ''historically'' defined as lying between the [[Tropic of Cancer]] and [[Tropic of Capricorn]], at latitudes {{Circle of latitude|Tropical|Convert}} north and south, respectively.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C01/E4-03-04-03.pdf|title=Principal Weather Systems in Subtropical and Tropical Zones|author=I. G. Sitnikov|volume=1|chapter=1|publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems]]}}</ref> According to the American Meteorological Society, the poleward fringe of the subtropics is at latitudes approximately [[35th parallel north|35° north]] and [[35th parallel south|south]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=24 March 2013|author=Glossary of Meteorology|date=25 April 2012|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|title=Subtropics|url=http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Subtropics}}</ref>

[[File: East Battery Street Charleston Aug2010.jpg|thumb|Houses in subtropical Charleston, South Carolina, along [[The Battery (Charleston)|The Battery]]]]

Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate depending on the climate system used.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

The most well known<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arise |first=Lotus |date=2021-01-27 |title=Trewartha Climatic Classification - UPSC (Climatology) |url=https://lotusarise.com/trewartha-climatic-classification-upsc/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> is the [[Trewartha climate classification]], which defines a subtropical region as one that has at least eight months with a mean temperature greater than {{convert|10|°C|°F|1}} and at least one month with a mean temperature under {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}}.<ref>Belda et al. Climate classification revisited: from Köppen to Trewartha. In: Climate Research Vol. 59: 1–13, 2014.</ref>

German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined ''warm temperate zones'' as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between {{convert|2|°C|°F|1}} and {{convert|13|°C|°F|1}} in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and between {{convert|6|°C|°F|1}} and {{convert|13|°C|°F|1}} in the [[Southern Hemisphere]], excluding [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] and [[continental climate]]s. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,<ref>[http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004052732/http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg |date=4 October 2012 }}</ref> which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.<ref>[http://www.klimadiagramme.de/Frame/troll.html Die Klimaklassifikation nach Troll / Paffen] – klimadiagramme.de</ref>

According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: ''rainy winters of the west sides'' and ''eastern subtropical climate''.<ref>[http://www.klimadiagramme.de/Frame/neef.html Die Klimaklassifikation nach E. Neef] – klimadiagramme.de</ref> According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: ''high-continental'', ''continental'', and ''maritime''.<ref>[http://www.manuel-friedrich.de/ab/GEO033.pdf Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification]</ref> According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.<ref>[http://www.ph-heidelberg.de/geographie/forschung-und-entwicklung/klimakarte-der-erde.html ''Die Klimatypen der Erde''] – Pädagogische Hochschule in [[Heidelberg]]</ref>

[[Leslie Holdridge]] defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual [[biotemperature]] between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world), and 24 °C.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://reddcr.go.cr/sites/default/files/centro-de-documentacion/holdridge_1966_-_life_zone_ecology.pdf |title=''LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY by L. R. Holdridge'' |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005035018/http://reddcr.go.cr/sites/default/files/centro-de-documentacion/holdridge_1966_-_life_zone_ecology.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. Most of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures on the warmer side of the line. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable lengths of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants that can withstand the cold. The 16 °C–18 °C segment is often "simplified" as 17 °C <math display="inline">\bigl(2^{(\log_{2}12\ +\ 0.5)}\ ^\circ\! \mathrm{C} \approx16.97\ ^\circ\! \mathrm{C}\bigr)</math>.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-original-life-zone-chart-of-Holdridge-4_fig2_264499178 ''The climate of Carpathian Region in the 20th century based on the original and modified Holdridge life zone system'']</ref>

The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

However, [[Wladimir Köppen]] has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (''BWh'' or ''BSh'') having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}} from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (''BWk'' or ''BSk'') whose annual temperature average is lower.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-desert-climate.html |title = What is a Desert Climate?| date=November 2017 }}</ref> This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge's.

== Rainfall ==
{{See also|Earth rainfall climatology|Subtropical ridge|Tropical cyclone|Subtropical cyclone|Wet season}}
[[File:Earth Global Circulation - en.svg|thumb|Hadley cells on the Earth's atmospheric circulation]]
Heating of the earth by the [[sun]] near the equator leads to large amounts of upward motion and convection winds along the [[monsoon trough]] or [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]]. The upper-level divergence over the near-equatorial trough leads to air rising and moving away from the equator aloft. As the air moves towards the mid-latitudes, it cools, gets denser and sinks, which leads to subsidence near the [[30th parallel (disambiguation)|30th parallel]] of both hemispheres. This circulation is known as the [[Hadley cell]] and leads to the formation of the [[Horse latitudes|subtropical ridge]].<ref>Dr. Owen E. Thompson (1996). [http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~owen/CHPI/IMAGES/circs02.html Hadley Circulation Cell.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305122318/http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~owen/CHPI/IMAGES/circs02.html |date=5 March 2009 }} Channel Video Productions. Retrieved on 11 February 2007.</ref> Many of the world's deserts are caused by these climatological [[high-pressure area]]s,<ref>ThinkQuest team 26634 (1999). [http://library.thinkquest.org/26634/desert/formation.htm The Formation of Deserts.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017193948/http://library.thinkquest.org/26634/desert/formation.htm |date=17 October 2012 }} Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation. Retrieved on 16 February 2009.</ref> within the subtropics. This regime is known as a [[Semi-arid climate|semiarid]]/[[arid]] subtropical climate, which is generally in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. Examples of this climate are the coastal areas of [[Southern Africa]] and the west coast of [[South America]].<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/606540/tropical-and-subtropical-desert-climate | title=Tropical and subtropical desert climate}}</ref>

The [[humid subtropical climate]] is often on the western side of the subtropical high. Here, unstable tropical airmasses in summer bring convective overturning and frequent tropical downpours, and summer is normally the season of peak annual rainfall. In the winter (dry season) the monsoon retreats, and the drier [[trade winds]] bring more stable airmass and often dry weather, and frequent sunny skies. Areas that have this type of subtropical climate include Australia, the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] in South Asia, and parts of South America.<ref name="Susan Woodward-2005">{{cite web|author=Susan Woodward |url=http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/savanna/savanna.html |title=Tropical Savannas |date=2 February 2005 |access-date=16 March 2008 |publisher=[[Radford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225082154/http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/savanna/savanna.html |archive-date=25 February 2008 }}</ref><ref>Randy Lascody (2008). [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/wetdry/FLrainMachine.htm The Florida Rain Machine.] [[National Weather Service]]. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Site Treatments Have Little Effect During Wet Season in Texas|date=1 January 1960|journal=Tree Planters' Notes|author=John J. Stransky|volume=10|issue=2}}</ref> In areas bounded by warm ocean like the southeastern United States and East Asia, tropical cyclones can contribute significantly to local rainfall within the subtropics.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2FZryJtlmwC&pg=PA33|title=Australia Burning: Fire Ecology, Policy and Management Issues|author1=Geoffrey John Cary |author2=David B. Lindenmayer |author3=Stephen Dovers |page=33|year=2003|publisher=Csiro Publishing|isbn=978-0-643-06926-8}}</ref> [[Japan]] receives over half of its rainfall from typhoons.<ref name="Whipple 54">{{cite book | author = Whipple, Addison | year = 1982 | title = Storm | location = [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria, VA]] | publisher = [[Time Life|Time Life Books]] | isbn = 978-0-8094-4312-3 | page = 54}}</ref>

The [[Mediterranean climate]] is a subtropical climate, usually found on the western side of continents, with a wet season in winter and a dry season in the summer. Regions with this type of climate include the rim lands of the [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[southwestern Australia]], parts of the west coast of South America around [[Santiago]] and the coastal areas of the lower [[West Coast of the United States|west coast of the United States.]]<ref>Remote Sensing for Migratory Creatures (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041102070632/http://arsc.arid.arizona.edu/migratory/veg_tdf.html Phenology and Creature Migration: Dry season and wet season in West Mexico.] Arizona Remote Sensing Center. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.</ref><ref name="JHorel">J. Horel (2006). [http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/normrain.html Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113222938/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/normrain.html |date=13 November 2006 }} University of Utah. Retrieved on 19 March 2008.</ref><ref>D. Bozkurt, O.L. Sen and M. Karaca (2008). [http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/04210/EGU2008-A-04210-1.pdf Wet season evaluation of RegCM3 performance for Eastern Mediterranean.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216010230/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/04210/EGU2008-A-04210-1.pdf |date=16 February 2012 }} EGU General Assembly. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://geography.huji.ac.il/personal/Dayan/Publications/Synoptic%20Clim%20Maj%20Floods.pdf|page=869|title=Synoptic Climatology of Major Floods in the Negev Desert, Israel|author1=Ron Kahana|author2=Baruch Ziv|author3=Yehouda Enzel|author4=Uri Dayan|name-list-style=amp|journal=International Journal of Climatology|year=2002|volume=22|issue=7|doi=10.1002/joc.766|bibcode=2002IJCli..22..867K|s2cid=129438767 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719162555/http://geography.huji.ac.il/personal/Dayan/Publications/Synoptic%20Clim%20Maj%20Floods.pdf|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>

== Flora ==
[[File:Liveoak,savannah.png|thumb|right|[[Live oak|Live oaks]] on [[Skidaway Island]], [[Savannah, Georgia]].]]
These climates do not routinely see hard freezes or snow due to winter on average being above freezing, which allows plants such as palms and citrus to flourish.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/datepalmanditsu00swingoog| page=[https://archive.org/details/datepalmanditsu00swingoog/page/n17 11]| year=1904| publisher=United States Government Printing Office| author=Walter Tennyson Swingle| title=The Date Palm and its Utilization in the Southwestern States}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTAaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 |title=Manual of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Excluding the Banana, Coconut, Pineapple, Citrus Fruits, Olive, and Fig |journal=Nature |volume=108 |issue=2715 |author=Wilson Popenoe |page=7|year=1920|access-date=24 March 2013|bibcode=1921Natur.108Q.334. |doi=10.1038/108334a0 |hdl=2027/hvd.32044106386147 |s2cid=4110679 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> As one moves toward the tropical side the slight winter cool season disappears, while at the poleward threshold of the subtropics the winters become cooler. Some crops which have been traditionally farmed in tropical climates, such as [[mango]], [[lychee]], [[avocado]] and [[aloe vera]], are also cultivated in the subtropics. Pest control of the crops is easier than in the tropics, due to the cooler winters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ihc2010.org/docs/S18.Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf|title=S18.001: Current Situation and Challenges of Cultivating Banana and other Tropical Fruits in the Subtropics|author=Galán Saúco, V. Robinson, J. C., Tomer, E., Daniells, J.|year=2010|work=28th International Horticultural Congress|access-date=24 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501234931/http://www.ihc2010.org/docs/S18.Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref>

Tree ferns ([[pteridophytes]]) are grown in subtropical areas, as are [[Dracaena (plant)|dracaena]] and [[yucca]], and trees in the [[Taxaceae]]. [[Apple]], [[pear]] and [[pomegranate]] also grow well in the subtropics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C10/E5-03-02.pdf|title=Forests and Forest Plants Volume II – Important Tree Species|author1=R. K. Kholi |author2=D. R. Batish |author3=H. B. SIngh |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems|access-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Varieties==

===Humid subtropical climate===
[[File:Fog in Tây Bắc.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Scene showing fog over a river with people walking on a pathway beside it | [[Fog|Natural fog]] in [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest Vietnam]]]]
[[File:Wetland Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hong Kong Wetland Park|Wetland Park]] in [[Hong Kong]]]]
{{Main|Humid subtropical climate}}
The humid subtropical climate is a subtropical climate type characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. This climate can be found in northern [[Middle East]], northern [[South Asia]], [[Northern Vietnam]], eastern [[Australia]], southern and southeastern [[China]], southern and central [[Japan]], the deep [[southeastern United States]], southeastern [[South America]], and the tip of southeastern [[Africa]].

In most humid subtropical climates, summer is the wettest season. In summer, the subtropical high pressure cells provide a sultry southernly flow of tropical air with high dew points, and frequent (but brief) convective showers are common. With decreasing latitude most humid subtropical climates typically have drier winters and wetter summers, however some sectors with this climate see a more even rhythm of seasonal rainfall. Tropical lows and weakening tropical storms often contribute to seasonal rainfall in most humid subtropical climates. In the cool season (winter) when the subtropical highs retreat, the humid subtropics are more influenced by the westerlies and the fronts and storms that move with them.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

{{climate chart
| [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]]
|14.4|19.4|22.5
|15.8|20.4|24.6
|18.4|23.2|47.0
|21.9|27.7|91.8
|24.8|31.9|185.4
|26.4|33.4|253.3
|26.5|33.4|280.1
|26.1|32.6|309.4
|25.2|31.5|228.3
|22.8|29.2|140.7
|19.3|25.7|66.7
|15.8|22.0|20.2
|float=left
|clear=none
|source = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf |title=Vietnam Building Code: Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction |publisher=ibst.vn |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722172120/http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf |access-date=2022-05-25|archive-date=22 July 2018 }}</ref>
}}
{{climate chart
| [[Orlando, United States]]
|9.7|22.1|63
|11.3|23.8|52
|13.2|26.1|77
|15.9|28.7|66
|19.1|31.3|102
|22.0|32.7|204
|22.9|33.3|189
|23.2|33.1|195
|22.4|32.0|162
|19.0|29.3|88
|14.6|25.7|45
|11.6|23.2|63
|source=[https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00012815&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL NOAA]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{climate chart|[[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|7.4|20.1|20.0
|10.4|24.2|25.6
|15.4|29.9|21.4
|21.3|36.4|13.0
|25.4|39.7|26.1
|27.3|39.0|87.8
|27.2|35.6|197.2
|26.7|34.2|226.1
|25.0|34.1|131.1
|19.4|33.0|17.1
|13.0|28.4|5.4
|8.4|22.8|11.4
|source=[https://www.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42182 WMO]
|float=left
|clear=none}}

{{Clear}}

===Subtropical highland climate===

The [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|Subtropical highland climate]] is a climate variant often grouped together with oceanic climates found in some mountainous areas of either the subtropics or tropics. It has characteristically mild temperatures year-round, featuring the four seasons in the subtropics and no marked seasons in the tropics, the latter usually remaining mild to cool through most of the year. Subtropical highland climates under the Cfb classification usually have rainfall spread relatively evenly in all months of the year similar to most oceanic climates<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Ansar |last2=Niyogi |first2=Dev |last3=Fiorito |first3=Francesco |last4=Akbari |first4=Hashem |last5=Mithun |first5=Sk |title=Global Urban Heat Island Mitigation |date=15 June 2022 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=9780323897945 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7JYEAAAQBAJ&dq=Subtropical+highland+climate+with+uniform+rainfall(Cfb)&pg=PA253 |access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref> while climates under the Cwb classification have significant monsoon influence, usually having dry winters and wet summers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/climate-Cwb.html |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref>

{{climate chart
|[[Mexico City]]
|5.8|21.2|11.0
|7.1|22.9|4.3
|9.2|25.7|10.1
|10.8|26.6|25.9
|11.7|26.5|56.0
|12.2|24.6|134.8
|11.5|23.0|175.1
|11.6|23.3|169.2
|11.5|22.3|144.8
|9.8|22.2|66.9
|7.9|21.8|12.1
|6.6|20.8|6.0
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[http://worldweather.wmo.int/179/c00279.htm WMO]
}}
{{climate chart
|[[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]]
| 8.9 | 23.1 | 16.8
| 9.3 | 24.2 | 36
| 10.5 | 24.6 | 68.2
| 12.3 | 24.9 | 88.8
| 12.5 | 24.8 | 76
| 12.3 | 23.3 | 123.5
| 12.1 | 20.7 | 259.4
| 11.9 | 20.2 | 278
| 11.5 | 21.5 | 174.1
| 9.9 | 22.8 | 41.1
| 8.2 | 22.6 | 8.3
| 7.5 | 22.3 | 10.3
|float = left
|clear = none
|source = [http://www.ethiomet.gov.et/climates/climate_of_city/3352/Addis%20Ababa NMAE] }}

{{Clear}}

===Mediterranean climate===
[[File:Fynbos, Lion's Head and trees from Table Mountain trail.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fynbos]] in South Africa]]
{{Main|Mediterranean climate}}
The Mediterranean climate regime resembles the climate of the lands in the [[Mediterranean Basin]], parts of lower West Coast of the United States, parts of [[Western Australia|Western]] and [[South Australia]], in southwestern [[South Africa]] and in parts of central [[Chile]]. The climate is characterized by hot dry summers and cooler winters with rainfall.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael Ritter |url=http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/mediterranean.html |title=Mediterranean or Dry Summer Subtropical Climate |access-date=17 July 2009 |date=24 December 2008 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805040919/http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/mediterranean.html |archive-date=5 August 2009 }}</ref> In Europe, the northernmost mediterranean climates are found along the [[Italian Riviera]], at 44° latitude.

{{climate chart
| [[Los Angeles]]
| 9.6 | 20.9| 79.2
| 9.9 | 21.2 | 96.5
| 11.7 | 23.2 | 61.7
| 13.1 | 25.6 | 23.1
| 14.7 | 26.6 | 6.6
| 16.7 | 28.3 | 2.3
| 18.6 | 30.6 | 0.3
| 19.1 | 32.1 | 1
| 18.7 | 31.4 | 6.1
| 16.8 | 27.8 | 16.8
| 12.1 | 23.7 | 26.4
| 9.6 | 20.8 | 59.2
|float = left
|clear = none
|source = [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals]
}}

{{climate chart
| [[Porto]]
| 5.2 |13.8 |157.6
| 5.9 |15.0 |139.7
| 7.8 |17.4 |89.9
| 9.1 |18.1 |115.6
|11.6 |20.1 |97.6
|14.5 |23.5 |46
|15.9 |25.3 |18.3
|15.9 |25.7 |26.7
|14.7 |24.1 |71
|12.2 |20.7 |138
| 8.9 |17.1 |158.4
| 6.9 |14.4 |194.7
| float = left
| clear = none
| source = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera|Instituto de Meteorologia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteo.pt/pt/oclima/normais/index.html?page=normais_pto.xml|title=Monthly Averages for Porto, Portugal|publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia|access-date=2 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226203513/http://www.meteo.pt/pt/oclima/normais/index.html?page=normais_pto.xml|archive-date=26 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> }}

{{climate chart
| [[Cape Town]]
| 15.7 | 26.1 | 15
| 15.6 | 26.5 | 17
| 14.2 | 25.4 | 20
| 11.9 | 23.0 | 41
| 9.4 | 20.3 | 69
| 7.8 | 18.1 | 93
| 7.0 | 17.5 | 82
| 7.5 | 17.8 | 77
| 8.7 | 19.2 | 40
| 10.6 | 21.3 | 30
| 13.2 | 23.5 | 14
| 14.9 | 24.9 | 17
|float=left
|clear=none
|source= [http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/sa_zi/cape_town_e.htm HKO]
}}
{{Clear}}

===Semi-desert/desert climate===
[[File:Acacia Negev.JPG|thumb|right|Acacia in [[HaMakhtesh HaGadol]], [[Negev Desert]]]]
{{main|Desert climate|Semi-arid climate}}

According to [[Wladimir Köppen|Köppen]], arid subtropical climates are characterized by an annual average temperature above {{convert|18|°C|1}}, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity.<ref name="britannica.com"/>
{{climate chart
| [[Alicante]]
| 6.2 | 16.8 | 22
| 7.0 | 17.8 | 26
| 8.2 | 19.2 | 26
| 10.1 | 20.9 | 30
| 13.3 | 23.6 | 33
| 17.1 | 27.2 | 17
| 19.7 | 30.1 | 6
| 20.4 | 30.4 | 8
| 17.8 | 28.4 | 47
| 13.7 | 24.4 | 52
| 10.0 | 20.5 | 42
| 7.3 | 17.6 | 26
|float = left
|clear = none
|source = [http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=8025&k=val AEdM]}}

{{climate chart
| [[Cairo]]
| 10.1 | 18.9 | 4.8
| 11.0 | 20.5 | 3.8
| 13.2 | 23.8 | 6.3
| 15.9 | 28.1 | 1.3
| 19.3 | 32.2 | .2
| 22.2 | 34.6 | 0
| 23.8 | 35.0 | 0
| 24.3 | 34.9 | 0
| 22.7 | 33.4 | 0
| 20.0 | 30.0 | .7
| 15.6 | 24.9 | 4.3
| 11.7 | 20.5 | 3.4
|float = left
|clear = none
|source = [https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Egypt/CSV/CairoAP_62366.csv NOAA] }}

{{climate chart
| [[Lima]]
| 19.1 | 25.8 | 0.9
| 19.4 | 26.5 | 0.3
| 19.2 | 26.0 | 4.9
| 17.6 | 24.3 | 0.0
| 16.1 | 21.7 | 0.1
| 15.3 | 19.7 | 0.3
| 15.0 | 18.7 | 0.3
| 14.6 | 18.4 | 0.3
| 14.6 | 18.7 | 5.4
| 15.2 | 19.9 | 0.2
| 16.4 | 21.9 | 0.0
| 17.7 | 23.9 | 0.3
|float = left
|clear = none
|source = [http://worldweather.wmo.int/029/c00108.htm WMO] }}

{{Clear}}

==See also==
{{Commons category|Subtropics}}
* [[Geographical zone]]
* [[Subtropical cyclone]]
* [[35th parallel north]]
* [[35th parallel south]]
* [[Tropic of Cancer]]
* [[Tropic of Capricorn]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Subtropics| ]]
[[Category:Physical geography]]
[[Category:Climate zones]]

Darod (village)

2026-01-09T19:30:36Z

MohamedBehan20: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{princely states topics}}
'''Darod''' is a village and former non-salute Rajput [[princely state]] on [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] peninsula in [[Gujarat]], [[Western India]].

== History ==
The petty princely state, in [[Jhalawar prant|Jhalawar]] ''[[prant]]'', was ruled by [[Jhala]] [[Rajput]] Chieftains.

In 1901 it comprised a single village, with a population of 131, yielding 3,000 Rupees state revenue (1903–4, mostly from land), paying 416 tribute to the British and to [[Junagarh State]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links and Sources ==
History
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_174.gif Imperial Gazetteer, on DSAL.UChicago.edu - Kathiawar]

{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}

Richa Singh

2026-01-09T06:03:12Z

MohamedBehan20: put up some biography with sources!

{{Short description|Indian computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=May 2023}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=May 2023}}
'''Richa Singh''' is an Indian computer scientist whose research areas are [[biometrics]], including [[face recognition]] and [[iris recognition]], pattern recognition, dependable deep learning, and more recently [[generative AI]]. She is a professor at the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at [[IIT Jodhpur]].{{r|iitj}}

==Education and career==
Singh earned a Ph.D. in computer science in 2008 from [[West Virginia University]]. Her dissertation, ''Mitigating the Effect of Covariates in Face Recognition'', was supervised by Afzel Noore.{{r|diss}}

She became an assistant professor at [[Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi]] in 2009, and was promoted to associate professor in 2015 and full professor in 2019. In 2019, she moved to her present position at IIT Jodhpur.{{r|orcid}}

She has served in many roles including the PC Chair of CVPR 2022 {{r|cvpr2022}}, General Chair of FG 2021, and Vice President of Publications for the IEEE Biometrics Council.

==Prominent Recognition==

# Singh was named a Fellow of the [[International Association for Pattern Recognition]] in 2018, "for contributions to face recognition and pattern classification".{{r|iapr}}
# She was named an [[IEEE Fellow]], in the 2021 class of fellows, "For contributions to robust and secure biometrics". {{r|fi}}
# In 2024, she was also named a Fellow of [https://www.inae.in/ Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE)]. {{r|inae}}
# In 2025, she was named an [[List of distinguished members of the Association for Computing Machinery|ACM Distinguished Member]] for her impact in the field.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2025/february/distinguished-members-2024 |title= Renowned Computing Society Announces New Class of Distinguished Members: 56 Professionals Celebrated for Innovation and Service |author=  |date= February 12, 2025 |website= [[Association for Computing Machinery]] |publisher= |access-date= January 9, 2026 |quote=}}</ref>

==References==
<references>

<ref name=diss>{{citation|title=Mitigating the Effect of Covariates in Face Recognition|first=Richa|last=Singh|publisher=West Virginia University|type=Doctoral dissertation|year=2008|url=https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4420/|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

<ref name=fi>{{citation|title=Newly elevated Fellow class 2021|publisher=IEEE|url=https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/fellows/2021-ieee-fellows-Class.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206062543/https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/fellows/2021-ieee-fellows-Class.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2020|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

<ref name=iapr>{{citation|url=https://iapr.org/fellowsandawards/?ar=1|title=Alphabetical list of Fellows|publisher=International Association for Pattern Recognition|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

<ref name=iitj>{{citation|url=https://cse.iitj.ac.in/index.php/people/faculty-advisors|title=Faculty & Advisors|work=Department of Computer Science & Engineering|publisher=IIT Jodhpur|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

<ref name=orcid>{{citation|title=Richa Singh|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-4573|work=ORCiD|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

<ref name=inae>{{citation|url=https://www.inae.in/|title=List of Fellows|publisher=INAE Fellow Nov 2024|access-date=2024-10-25}}</ref>

<ref name=cvpr2022>{{citation|url=https://cvpr2022.thecvf.com/organizers|title=CVPR 2022|publisher=CVPR|access-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
*[http://home.iitj.ac.in/~richa/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313175223/http://home.iitj.ac.in/~richa/ |date=2024-03-13 }}
*{{Google Scholar id|okqK5UAAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Richa}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Indian women computer scientists]]
[[Category:West Virginia University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institutes of Technology]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]

Priya Saraiya

2026-01-08T00:49:26Z

MohamedBehan20: put up a details w/ refs!

{{Short description|Indian singer and lyricist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Priya Saraiya
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Priya Panchal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|11|19}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| occupation = Singer, lyricist
| years_active = 1990–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jigar Saraiya]]|2013}}
| website =
}}

'''Priya Saraiya''' (born 19 November 1984) is an Indian [[playback singer]] and [[lyricist]] in [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaana.com/artist/priya-saraiya|title=Priya Saraiya|website=Gaana.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hungama.com/artists/priya-saraiya/1873843|title=Priya Saraiya|last=Hungama|website=Hungama.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/1873843|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207205406/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/1873843|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2013|title=Priya Saraiya Movies, News, Songs & Images - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 June 2023 |publisher=}}</ref> She is also a live stage singer for [[Hindi cinema]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] songs.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/bollywood-business/0-6-288/interview-lyricist-and-singar-priya-saraiya/0-1-145086|title=ZEE5}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Citation|last=Peter Valambia|title=Deepak Anandji - Surat Indoor House full Navratari 2006 Part 1|date=8 November 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjNCjlon1-w|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Citation|last=Peter Valambia|title=Deepak Anandji - Navratari 2002 Surat - Part 3|date=18 November 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbMKTlyWh2c|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>

== Education and early life ==

=== Music education ===
Priya Saraiya also known as Priya Panchal<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Priya-Panchal-People-from-Dharavi-to-Chandigarh-are-listening-to-world-music/articleshow/39364160.cms|title=Priya Panchal: People from Dharavi to Chandigarh are listening to world music - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> started singing at the age of six. She took Hindustani Classical vocal training from [[Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal|Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]], [[Mumbai]]. She has trained in western music from [[Trinity College Of Music|Trinity College of Music]], [[London]]'s branch in Mumbai.

As a child artist, she travelled extensively with music directors [[Kalyanji–Anandji]]'s group - Little Wonders/ Little Stars, performing in live stage shows all over the world. She also trained under them.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

==Personal life==
She is married to the musician [[Jigar Saraiya]] of the music duo [[Sachin–Jigar]], who are also her most frequent collaborators for Bollywood songs.<ref name=":0" />

== Songs ==

=== Playback singer ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/priya-panchal/428777428|title=Priya Panchal on Apple Music|website=Apple Music|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/priya-saraiya/682387812|title=Priya Saraiya on Apple Music|website=Apple Music|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
!No.
!Film
!Title
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|1
|''[[F.A.L.T.U]]''
|Gale Laga Le
|
|-
|2
|[[Shor in the City|''Shor In The City'']]
|Karma Is A Bitch
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|3
| rowspan="3" |''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''
|Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya
|
|-
|4
|Tu Mohabbat Hai
|
|-
|5
|Piya O Re Piya (Sad)
|<ref name=":6">{{Citation|last=Tips Official|title=Piya O Re Piya (Sad) - Video Song {{!}} Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya {{!}} Riteish Deshmukh & Genelia D'Souza|date=5 March 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm23HC3Rcac|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013
|6
|''[[Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story]]''
|Hai Na
|
|-
|7
|[[ABCD: Any Body Can Dance|''ABCD'']]
|Bezubaan
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Sony Music India|author-link=Sony Music India|title=Bezubaan - ABCD - Any Body Can Dance Official Full Song Video|date=3 January 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HhG7YmOkMM|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|8
|''[[Go Goa Gone]]''
|Khoon Choosle
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Eros Now|title=Khoon Choosle (Video Song) {{!}} Go Goa Gone {{!}} Kunal Khemu, Vir Das, Anand Tiwari|date=14 April 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FObSokq76CQ|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|9
| rowspan="2" |''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''
|Gulabi
|<ref>{{Citation|last=YRF|title=Gulabi - Full Song {{!}} Shuddh Desi Romance {{!}} Sushant Singh Rajput {{!}} Vaani Kapoor {{!}} Jigar {{!}} Priya|date=19 October 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4ZJxhyAaH8|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|10
|Love In Jaipur
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|11
|[[Entertainment (2014 film)|''Entertainment'']]
|Johnny Johnny
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Tips Official|title=Johnny Johnny - Entertainment {{!}} Akshay Kumar & Tamannaah - Official HD Video Song 2014|date=10 June 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-Joa2I7fVg|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|12
|[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|''Happy Ending'']]
|Jaise Mera Tu
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Eros Now|title=Jaise Mera Tu (Full Song with Lyrics) {{!}} Happy Ending {{!}} Saif Ali Khan & Ileana D'Cruz|date=19 November 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmSyepmyaSs|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|13
|[[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|''Khoobsurat'']]
|Maa Ka Phone
|composed by [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
|14
| rowspan="2" |[[Badlapur (film)|''Badlapur'']]
|Sone Ki Paani
|
|-
|15
|Badla Badla
|
|-
|16
|''[[ABCD 2]]''
|Sun Saathiya
|<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=Zee Music Company|author-link=Zee Music Company|title=Sun Saathiya Full Video {{!}} Disney's ABCD 2 {{!}} Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor {{!}} Sachin Jigar {{!}} Priya S|date=30 July 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGpG56pg3UU|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|17
|[[Hero (2015 Hindi film)|''Hero'']]
|Khoya Khoya
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|18
| rowspan="2" |[[Haseena Parkar|''Haseena Parker'']]
|Tere Bina
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Saregama Music|title=Tere Bina {{!}} Audio {{!}} Haseena Parkar {{!}} Shraddha Kapoor {{!}} Arijit Singh {{!}} Priya Saraiya {{!}} Ankur Bhatia|date=7 September 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1kphPNE-U0|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|19
|Tere Bina (Sad)
|
|-
|20
|''[[A Gentleman]]''
|Baat Ban Jaye
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|21
| rowspan="2" |[[Made in China (2019 film)|''Made in China'']]
|Valaam
|
|-
|22
|Valaam (Unplugged)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|23
| rowspan="2" |''[[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]''
|Kalle Kalle
|<ref>''[https://www.lyricsmin.com/lyrics/kalle-kalle-priya-saraiya/ Kalle Kalle Lyrics Priya Saraiya] Lyricsmin''.</ref>
|-
|24
|Attraction
|
|-
|2022
|25
|''[[Jayeshbhai Jordaar]]''
|Dheere Dheere Seekh Jaunga
|composed by [[Vishal-Shekhar]]
|}

=== Lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
!Film
!Title
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan=10|2011
| rowspan="4" |''[[F.A.L.T.U]]''
|Gale Laga Le
|
|-
|Nayi Subah
|
|-
|Beh Chala
|
|-
|Aawaz Do
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Shor in the City|''Shor In The City'']]
|Saibo
|rowspan=3|Along with [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]<ref>{{Citation|last=SonyMusicIndiaVEVO|title=Saibo - Shor In The City {{!}} Tusshar Kapoor {{!}} Radhika Apte|date=21 August 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtNrQy90Ih4|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=ETC Bollywood|title=Sachin Jigar - Saibo - Shor In the City - ETC Best Tellers|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uRdwmp5KRA|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|Karma Is A Bitch
|-
|Shor Mein Hai Sukoon
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Hum Tum Shabana]]''
|Hey Na Na Shabana
|
|-
|Music Bandh Na Karo
|
|-
|''[[Yeh Dooriyan]]''
|Baat jo Thi
|composed by [[Sajid-Wajid]]
|-
|rowspan=7|2012
| rowspan="5" |''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''
|Piya O Re Piya
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Tips Official|title=Piya O Re Piya - Video Song {{!}} Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya {{!}} Riteish & Genelia {{!}} Atif Aslam & Shreya|date=7 November 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hdgIqwIpSk|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
|Jeene De
|
|-
|Tu Mohabbat Hai
|
|-
|Fan Ban Gayi
|
|-
|Piya O Re Piya (Sad)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Ajab Gazabb Love]]''
|Boom Boom
|composed by Sajid-Wajid
|-
|Nachde Punjabi
|
|-
|rowspan=14|2013
| rowspan="6" |''[[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]]''
|Bairiya
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Tips Official|title=Bairiyaa - Video Song {{!}} Ramaiya Vastavaiya {{!}} Girish Kumar & Shruti Haasan {{!}} Aatif & Shreya|date=4 June 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfndCiKYO40&vl=en|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|Jeene Laga Hoon
|
|-
|Rang Jo Lagyo
|
|-
|Jadoo Ki Jhappi
|
|-
|Hip Hop Pammi
|
|-
|Peecha Chhute
|
|-
|[[ABCD: Any Body Can Dance|''Any Body Can Dance'']]
|Mann Basiyo Sawariyo
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |''[[Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story]]''
|Aa Bhi Ja Mere
|
|-
|Dil Na Jane Kyun
|
|-
|Thoda Thoda
|
|-
|Hey Na
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Go Goa Gone]]''
|Khushamdeed
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Eros Now|title=Khushamdeed (Video Song) {{!}} Go Goa Gone {{!}} Saif Ali Khan, Kunal Khemu, Vir Das|date=23 April 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrjMgzVoCB8|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|Slowly Slowly
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Eros Now|title=Slowly Slowly (Song Video) {{!}} Go Goa Gone {{!}} Saif Ali Khan, Kunal Khemu, Vir Das & Anand Tiwari|date=2 April 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzcePPh7wPU&vl=en|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ishkq in Paris|''Ishkq In Paris'']]
|Teri Chudiyan Di
|composed by Sajid-Wajid
|-
|rowspan=5|2014
| rowspan="2" |[[Its Entertainment|''Entertainment'']]
|Tera Naam Doon
|
|-
|Tera Naam Doon (Sad)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|''Happy Ending'']]
|Mileya Mileya
|
|-
|Jaise Mera Tu
|
|-
|Haseena Kamina
|
|-
|rowspan=6|2015
| rowspan="5" |[[Badlapur (film)|''Badlapur'']]
|Jee Karda
|
|-
|[[Jeena Jeena]]
|
|-
|Judaai
|
|-
|Badla Badla
|
|-
|Sone Ka Paani
|
|-
|''[[ABCD 2]]''
|Sun Saathiya
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|rowspan=3|2016
| rowspan="3" |''[[A Flying Jatt]]''
|Toota Jo Kabhi
|
|-
|Khair Mangda
|
|-
|Raj Karega Khalsa
|
|-
|rowspan=14|2017
|[[Meri Pyaari Bindu|''Meri Pyari Bindu'']]
|Haareya
|
|-
|''[[Hindi Medium]]''
|Hoor
|<ref>{{Citation|last=T-Series|title=Hoor Lyrical Video Song {{!}} Hindi Medium {{!}} Irrfan Khan & Saba Qamar {{!}} Atif Aslam {{!}} Sachin- Jigar|date=28 April 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G78nEFVio0|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[A Gentleman]]''
|Baat Ban Jaye
|
|-
|Laagi Na Choote
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Simran (film)|''Simran'']]
|Simran Title Track
|
|-
|Baras Ja
|<ref>{{Citation|last=T-Series|title=Baras Ja Full Audio Song {{!}} Simran {{!}} Kangana Ranaut {{!}} Sachin-Jigar {{!}} Mohit Chauhan|date=2017-08-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jH_7ziW2wsI|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|Pinjra Tod Ke
|<ref>{{Citation|last=T-Series|title=Simran: Pinjra Tod Ke Lyrical Video {{!}} Kangana Ranaut {{!}} Sunidhi Chauhan {{!}} Sachin - Jigar|date=24 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVBGVCo3QJ8|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|Meet
|<ref>{{Citation|last=T-Series|title=Meet Lyrical Video Song {{!}} Simran {{!}} Arijit Singh {{!}} Kangana Ranaut {{!}} Sachin-Jigar|date=30 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGiC1zAdTKk|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|''Bhoomi'']]
|Daag
|
|-
|Lag Ja Gale
|
|-
|Kho Diya Hai
|
|-
|Trippy Trippy
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Haseena Parkar|''Haseena Parker'']]
|Tere Bina
|
|-
|Tere Bina (Sad)
|
|-
|rowspan=4|2019
|''[[Arjun Patiala]]''
|Sacchiyan Mohabbatan
|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Made in China (2019 film)|''Made in China'']]
|Valaam
|
|-
|Valaam (Unplugged)
|
|-
|[[Bala (2019 film)|''Bala'']]
|Pyaar Toh Tha
|
|-
|rowspan=6|2020
|rowspan=2|''[[Street Dancer 3D]]''
|Illegal Weapon 2.0
|composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
|Dua Karo
|
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Angrezi Medium]]''
|Kudi Nu Nachne De
|
|-
|Ladki
|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Shakuntala Devi (film)|''Shakuntala Devi'']]
|Paheli
|rowspan=2|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film
|-
|Jhilmil Piya
|-
|rowspan=6|2021
|''[[Shiddat]]''
|Barbadiyan
|rowspan=2|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film
|-
|''[[Bhoot Police]]''
|Pyaar Pyaar Hai
|-
|rowspan=4|''[[Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui]]''
|Kalle Kalle
|<ref>[https://www.lyricsmin.com/lyrics/kalle-kalle-priya-saraiya/ Kalle Kalle Song Lyrics Priya Saraiya] ''Lyricsmin''.</ref>
|-
|Maafi
|
|-
|Attraction
|
|-
|Maafi - Vibe Mix
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2022
|rowspan=3|''[[Maja Ma]]''
|Boom Padi
|rowspan=3|composed by [[Siddharth Mahadevan]], Souumil Shringarpure [[Amazon Prime Video]] film
|-
|Boom Padi (Electronic Version) Along with Lil Sidely
|-
|Song of Celebration
|-
|rowspan=4|2023
|''[[Farzi]]''
|Sab Farzi
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] web series
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Ganapath (film)|Ganapath]]''
|Hum Aaye Hain
|rowspan=2|Composed by White Noise Studios
|-
|Sara Zamana
|-
|''[[Jaane Jaan (2023 film)|Jaane Jaan]]''
|Dooriyan
|rowspan=5|[[Netflix]] film
|-
|rowspan=9|2024
|rowspan=4|''[[Murder Mubarak]]''
|Yaad Aave
|-
|Killer Killer
|-
|Bhola Bhala Baby
|-
|Murder Mubarak - Title Track
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Vicky Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video]]
|"Tum Jo Mile Ho"
|-
|"Mere Mehboob"
|-
|"Marjaaniya"
|-
|"Marjaaniya 2"
|-
|"Marjaaniya 3"
|-
|}

=== Other songs as lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Details
!Title of Song
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|[[Coke Studio @ MTV]] Season 4
|Bannado
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Coke Studio India|title='Bannado' - Sachin-Jigar, Tochi Raina, Bhungarkhan Manganiar & Group - Coke Studio@MTV Season 4|date=2015-04-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-65XaYsn8w|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Coke Studio India|title='Bannado' - Behind The Music - Sachin-Jigar - Coke Studio@MTV Season 4|date=12 April 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b54aymW77UA|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|[[Coke Studio @ MTV]] Season 4
|Laadki
|<ref>{{Citation|last=Coke Studio India|title='Laadki' - Sachin-Jigar, Taniskha S, Kirtidan G, Rekha B - Coke Studio@MTV Season 4|date=12 April 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5U9uP6riAZM|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Coke Studio India|title='Laadki' - Behind The Music - Sachin-Jigar - Coke Studio@MTV Season 4|date=12 April 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjVa3IMXJ3Y|access-date=2019-01-03}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|T-Series Single - Dhvani Bhanushali
|Main Teri Hoon
|<ref>{{Citation|last=T-Series|title=Main Teri Hoon Song {{!}} Dhvani Bhanushali {{!}} Sachin - Jigar {{!}} Radhika Rao & Vinay Sapru|date=2019-02-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atnyX5yjLj0|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Mujhe Pyaar Pyaar Hai
|[[Bhoot Police]]
|
|-
|2023
|Sab Farzi
|[[Farzi]]
|
|}

=== Other appearances ===
{| class="wikitable"
|No.
|Year
|Details
|Ref.
|-
|1
|2015
|[[MTV Unplugged (Indian TV program)|MTV Unplugged Season 4 Episode 7]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/mtv-unplugged-s04/4/377599/sachin-and-jigar-s-performance/378849|title=MTV Unplugged Season 4 Episode7}}</ref>
|-
|2
|2017
|[[MTV Unplugged (Indian TV program)|MTV Unplugged Season 6 Episode 4]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/mtv-unplugged-s06/6/471487/sachin-jigar-like-never-before/475702|title=MTV Unplugged Season 6 Episode 4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/mtv-unplugged-s06/6/471487/priya-saraiya-and-sachin-jigar-sun-saathiya/475711|title=Sun Saathiya MTV Unplugged}}</ref>
|-
|3
|2019
|MTV Unplugged Season 8 Episode 8
|
|}

=== Independent song as composer, singer, lyricist ===
# Birdaadi (Gujarati Language)<ref>{{Citation|title=Birdaadi - Single by Priya Saraiya|date=8 October 2018|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/birdaadi-single/1438611171|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103005324/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/birdaadi-single/1438611171|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2019|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Priya Saraiya|title=Birdaadi {{!}} Priya Saraiya|date=9 October 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yg7-rHkMPw|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref>
#Loot (Hindi Language)<ref>{{Citation|last=Priya Saraiya|title=Loot {{!}} Priya Saraiya|date=2019-05-04|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=au-TN6ACN6U|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! Year
! Category
! Nominated Song
! Film
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Filmfare Awards]]'''
|-
| [[61st Filmfare Awards|2015]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| "Sun Saathiya"
| [[ABCD 2]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html|title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards|work=filmfare.com|access-date=2018-03-26|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Mirchi Music Awards]]'''
|-
| [[4th Mirchi Music Awards|2011]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of The Year]]
| "Baat Jo Thi…(Yeh Dooriyan)"
| ''[[Yeh Dooriyan|Yeh Dooriyaan]]''
| rowspan=4 {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2011|date=30 January 2013|access-date=24 May 2018|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130161203/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|archivedate=30 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| [[5th Mirchi Music Awards|2012]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]]
| "Piya O Re Piya (Sad)"
| [[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]
| style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/nomination.html|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012|website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[8th Mirchi Music Awards|2015]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]]
| rowspan=2 | -
| [[ABCD 2]]
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=2018-03-25}}</ref>
|-
| [[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; background:#ddd; "| '''[[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]'''
|-
| 2015
| [[GiMA Award for Best Duet|Best Duet]]
| "Sun Saathiya"
| [[ABCD 2]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Niraj Navadiya |url=https://dhollywoodexpress.com/author/nirajanavadiayworld/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517122846/https://dhollywoodexpress.com/author/nirajanavadiayworld/ |archive-date=17 May 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saraiya, Priya}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Performers of Hindu music]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]

Raghuveer (actor)

2025-12-15T05:39:00Z

MohamedBehan20: put up new article added tags!

{{Short description|Indian actor and director (1967–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Raghuveer (actor).jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1967}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actor, producer
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|05|08|1967|05|17}}<ref name="ref2">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140508/entertainment-sandalwood/article/actor-director-raghuveer-passed-away|title=Actor-director Raghuveer passed away|access-date=5 February 2015|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511104711/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140508/entertainment-sandalwood/article/actor-director-raghuveer-passed-away|archive-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>
| death_place = [[BTM Layout]], [[Bangalore]], India
| parents = Muni Yellappa
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu Venkatasubramanian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2005/01/07/sindhu.html|title=நடிகை சிந்து மரணம்|accessdate=5 February 2015|publisher=tamil.oneindia.com|archive-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205184612/http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2005/01/07/sindhu.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|1992|2003|end=divorced}} {{marriage|Gowri|2006}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Raghuveer back from hiatus|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article119884.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213118/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article119884.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2015|publisher=www.newindianexpress.com|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
| children = 2 <ref name="C">{{cite web|title=RAGHUVEER BACK AFTER A DECADE!|url=http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=824&ptype=News&title=RAGHUVEER%20BACK%20AFTER%20A%20DECADE!|publisher=www.chitratara.com|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref><ref>https://m.chitratara.com/show-content.php?key=Kannada%20Film%20Latest%20News,%20Kannada%20New%20Movies,%20Latest%20Kannada%20Films&title=RAGHUVEER%20BACK%20AFTER%20A%20DECADE!&id=824&ptype=News</ref>
| years_active = 1990{{endash}}1995 2011{{endash}}2013
}}

'''Raghuveer''' (1967 – 8 May 2014) was an Indian actor and producer in the Kannada film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article119884.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213118/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article119884.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2015|title=Raghuveer back from hiatus|accessdate=5 February 2015|publisher=newindianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raghuveer breaks silence!|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/raghuveer-breaks-silence--kannada-news-47039|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511002459/http://www.indiaglitz.com/raghuveer-breaks-silence--kannada-news-47039|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2014|publisher=www.indiaglitz.com|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref>

==Film career==
Raghuveer came to the Kannada film industry as a hero through ''[[Ajay Vijay]]'' (1990) co-starring [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]. His next film, S. Narayan's ''[[Chaitrada Premanjali]]'' (1992), catapulted him to success.<ref>{{cite web|title=Abbas to Uday Kiran: Southern stars who plunged from great heights to oblivion|url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/abbas-to-uday-kiran-southern-stars-who-plunged-from-great-heights-to-oblivion/|first=Shreyas|last=Raghuraman|work=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai TV|The Federal]]|access-date=26 April 2023|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426062125/https://thefederal.com/entertainment/abbas-to-uday-kiran-southern-stars-who-plunged-from-great-heights-to-oblivion/|url-status=live}}</ref> He then acted in ''[[Shrungara Kavya]]'' (1993) which proved to be commercially successful. However his subsequent films ''Kaaveri Theeradalli'' (1994), ''Naviloora Naidile'' (1995), ''Thungabhadra'' (1995) and ''Kaadina Kaggathalu'' did not do well.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2009/may/18/raghuveer-back-from-hiatus-50155.html|title=Raghuveer back from hiatus|date=18 May 2009|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=3 December 2024|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426235630/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2009/may/18/raghuveer-back-from-hiatus-50155.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Raghuveer took a hiatus from films.<ref name=":0" /> ''Mugila Chumbana'' had a delayed release in 2013.<ref name="ref2" />

== Personal life==
Raghuveer faced problems from his parents after marrying his frequent costar [[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu]]. He later married Gowri and stayed out of cinema as per their wishes.<ref name=":0"/> He had a daughter named Shreya from his first marriage and a daughter named Moksha from his second marriage.<ref>https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/photos/tragedy-actor-raghuveer-and-sindhu-daughter-shrea-daughter-family-photos-181675430751198-5.html</ref><ref name="C"/>

==Filmography==
* ''All movies are in Kannada''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !!Film !!Role !!class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Ajay Vijay]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Chaitrada Premanjali]]'' || Prem ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|1993 || ''[[Shrungara Kavya]]'' || Shrungar || Also presenter
|-
| ''Mouna Sangrama'' || ||
|-
| ''Poorna Sangrama'' || ||
|-
| ''Sri Durga Pooje'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1994 || ''Nyayakkagi Saval'' || ||
|-
| ''Kaveri Theeradalli''|| ||
|-
| ''Hongirana'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1995 || ''Thungabhadra'' || ||
|-
| ''Naviloora Naidile'' || ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Uyyale (2011 film)|Uyyale]]'' || || Special appearance
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Mugila Chumbana]]'' || Harish || Also producer and story writer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mugila-chumbana/movie-review/27747568.cms|title=MUGILA CHUMBANA MOVIE REVIEW|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 December 2024|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430000713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mugila-chumbana/movie-review/27747568.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Death==
He was admitted to Sagar Apollo hospital in [[BTM Layout]] and died on 8 May 2014 night due to a heart attack. He is survived by his second wife Gowri and his two children. His first wife [[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu]] had died in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chaitrada Premanjali actor Raghuveer no more|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Chaitrada-Premanjali-actor-Raghuveer-no-more/articleshow/34862723.cms|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=5 February 2015|archive-date=3 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003031126/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Chaitrada-Premanjali-actor-Raghuveer-no-more/articleshow/34862723.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1115024}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Date of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Bengaluru]]

State Highway 7 (West Bengal)

2025-12-14T09:16:15Z

MohamedBehan20: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Highway in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox road
|country=IND
|state = West Bengal
|type=SH
|route=7
|alternate_name =
|maint =
|length_km = 289
|direction_a =
|terminus_a = [[Rajgram, West Bengal|Rajgram]]
|junction = [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] from Nalhati to Morgram [[State Highway 11 (West Bengal)|SH 11]] at Kuli [[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)|SH 6]] at Kurmodanga [[State Highway 14 (West Bengal)|SH 14]] at Muratipur Guskara Road at Obaidullah Market near Chandipur Katwa-Bardhaman Road at Narja Chati [[State Highway 8 (West Bengal)|SH 8]] from Mirzapur to Bankura Morh [[National Highway 114 (India)|NH 114]]/GT Road from Mehedi Bagan to Perbhirhata [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] flyover near Sripally [[State Highway 2 (West Bengal)|SH 2]] at Arambagh [[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)|SH 4]] from Khirpai to Chandrakona Keshpur-Daspur Road at Keshpur
|direction_b =
|terminus_b = [[Midnapore]] – Junction with [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]]
|districts= [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
}}
'''State Highway 7 (West Bengal)''' is a [[State highways in India|state highway]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Route==
SH 7 originates from [[Rajgram, West Bengal|Rajgram]] (the road extends up to Kanupur on [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]]) and passes through [[Murarai]], [[Nalhati]], [[Lohapur]] (it is a little off the highway), [[Morgram]], [[Khargram]], [[Nagar, Murshidabad|Nagar]], [[Burwan]], [[Nutanhat]], [[Mongalkote]], [[Mirzapur, Bardhaman|Mirzapur]], [[Bardhaman]], [[Sagrai]], [[Badulia]], [[Seharabazar]], [[Arambag]], [[Kamarpukur]], [[Gar Mandaran]], [[Khirpai]], [[Chandrakona]], [[Keshpur]] and terminates in junction with [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] at [[Midnapore]].<ref>Google maps</ref>

The total length of SH 7 is 289 km.<ref name=police>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | accessdate = 5 November 2016}}</ref>

Districts traversed by SH 7 are:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pwdwb.in/road/state_highway |title = Road - Highway | publisher= Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref> 
Birbhum district (0 – 31 km) Murshiadabad (31-100) Purba Bardhaman district (100 – 196) km Hooghly district (196 – 226 km) Paschim Medinipur district (226-289)

==Road sections==
It is divided into different sections as follows:<ref name=police/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/birbhum.html |title = Birbhum Tehsil/ CD Block Map | publisher= Maps of India | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/murshidabad.html|title = Murshidabad Tehsil/ CD Block Map | publisher= Maps of India | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Bardhaman Tehsil/ CD Block Map | publisher= Maps of India | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/districts/hugli.htm |title = Hugli Tehsil/ CD Block Map | publisher= Maps of India | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/paschim-mednipur.html |title = Paschim Medinipur Tehsil/ CD Block Map | publisher= Maps of India | accessdate = 30 November 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Road Section ||District || CD Block ||Length (km)
|-
|Rajgram-Nalhati||Birbhum||[[Murarai I]], [[Nalhati I]]||31
|-
|Nalhati-Morgram via NH 14||Birbhum||[[Nalhati II]] || -
|-
|Morgram-Alinagar||Murshidabad||[[Sagardighi (community development block)|Sagardighi]], [[Nabagram (community development block)|Nabagram]]||20
|-
|Alinagar-Kulee||Murshidabad||[[Khargram (community development block)|Khargram]]||20
|-
|Kulee-Ramjibanpur||Murshidabad||[[Burwan (community development block)|Burwan]]||29
|-
||Ramjibanpur-Palita-Palitapur-Natunhat||Purba Bardhaman||[[Ketugram I (community development block)|Ketugram I]], [[Mongalkote (community development block)|Mongolkote]]||29
|-
|Natunhat-Muraripur-Karjona||Purba Bardhaman||[[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]]||19
|-
|Karjona-Bardhaman||Purba Bardhaman||[[Burdwan I (community development block)|Burdwan I]], [[Burdwan II (community development block)|Burdwan II]]||15
|-
|Bardhaman-Arambagh (Purba Bardhaman portion)||Purba Bardhaman||[[Khandaghosh (community development block)|Khandaghosh]], [[Raina I]], [[Raina II]]||33
|-
|Bardhaman-Arambagh (Hooghly portion)||Hooghly||[[Arambagh (community development block)|Arambagh]]||9
|-
|Arambagh-Goghat-Ramjibanpur||Hooghly||[[Goghat I]], [[Goghat II]]||21
|-
|Ramjibanpur-Khirpai||Paschim Medinipur||[[Chandrakona I]]||18
|-
|Chandrakona-Keshpur||Paschim Medinipur||[[Chandrakona II]], [[Keshpur (community development block)|Keshpur]]||21
|-
|Keshpur-Midnapore||Paschim Medinipur||[[Midnapore Sadar (community development block)|Midnapore Sadar]]||24
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[List of state highways in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{National and State Highways in West Bengal}}

[[Category:State highways in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Birbhum district]]

{{India-road-stub}}

Jeppiaar

2025-11-27T05:40:27Z

MohamedBehan20: reworked intro additionally and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Indian politician and educationist (1931–2016)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dr. Jeppiaar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Pangu Raj
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1931|6|11}}
| birth_place = [[Muttom, Kanyakumari|Muttom]], [[Nagercoil]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2016|06|18|1931|06|11}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]]
| spouse = Remibai Jeppiaar
| children = 2
| fields = Entrepreneur, [[educationist]]
| alma_mater = [[Anna University]]
| known_for = Founder & Chancellor of [[Sathyabama University]]
| awards = Honorary Colonel by National Cadet Corps (NCC) Directorate,
Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry & Andaman Nicobar
}}
''' Dr. Jeppiaar''' (11 June 1931 – 18 June 2016), also known as '''Jeppiaar Jesuadimai''' and '''J. P. R.''', was an Indian politician, educationist, and industrialist. He was born in [[Muttom, Kanyakumari|Muttom]] near [[Nagercoil, Travancore]] Cochin Presidency, now the [[Kanyakumari]] District, [[Tamil Nadu]].

He obtained his Bachelor of Law (B.L.) from [[Madras University]] and his PhD from [[Anna University]].{{date missing}} He was the founder and chairman of Jeppiaar Educational Trust and he was the founder and chancellor of the [[Sathyabama University]]. He was also the president of the Consortium of Professional, Arts and Science Colleges of Tamil Nadu.

He is one of the pioneers in the privatization of engineering education in Tamil Nadu.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} His net worth was estimated at {{INR}} 3,000 crore in 2016.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==Early life==
Jeppiaar was born in a [[Mukkuvar]] Roman Catholic Christian family. His father was Jesuadimai and mother Panimalar Ammal, after whom he named the Panimalar educational institutions. He was said to be a close associate of [[M. G. Ramachandran]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==Political career==
During Dr. [[M. G. Ramachandran|M. G. Ramachandran's]] regime, he acted as the Government chief whip of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council. He also served as the Secretary of the [[Chennai]] District [[AIADMK]] party from 1972 to 1987 and was a special envoy to the Chief Minister.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
* The chairman of Madras Water Supply and Sewerage Board (Metro Water).
* Honorary services as Elected Member of Legislative Council
* Director of Tamil Nadu Fisheries Development Corporation.

== Death ==
On 18 June 2016, he died shortly after experiencing breathlessness, sometimes between 8.30 PM and 8.45 PM [[Indian Standard Time|Indian Standard Time IST]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/prominent-educationist-jeppiaar-dies-chennai-45088|title=Prominent educationist Jeppiaar dies in Chennai|date=18 June 2016|website=The News Minute|access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Jeppiaar-a-pioneer-in-setting-up-of-private-engineering-institutions-died/articleshow/52813695.cms|title=Jeppiaar a pioneer in setting up of private engineering institutions died |website=The Times of India|access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/jeppiaar-founder-of-sathyabama-university-passes-away/article8746324.ece|title=Jeppiaar, founder of Sathyabama University, passes away|date=18 June 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref> He was rushed to the emergency ward of [[Global Hospitals Group|Global Hospital]] at around 8.50 PM, Perumbakkam, where he was declared dead upon arrival.<ref name=":0" /> He was aged 85, at the time of death. Funeral of Jeppiaar took place at [[Sathyabama University]], [[Chennai]] on 19 June 2016 and was attended by students, teachers, politicians, film personalities and people from different walks of life; and he was laid to rest at the entrance portion of the university.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

=== Launch of memorial museum ===
As a tribute to him, a memorial museum was set up and inaugurated in the premises of Jeppiaar Engineering College on 17 June 2017. The museum is an artistic tribute to him, and was launched a day before his first death anniversary, by Dr. Regeena Jeppiaar. This museum is the first of its kind in India, which has been exclusively dedicated for an educationist. It has a collection of his various portraits, depicting his life and achievements in many fields such as academic, cultural, and social circles from his childhood till demise amongst his personal things. The whole work of the museum was designed by the artist Mr. A. P. Sridhar. Several dignitaries from cinema and educational fields attended and inaugurated the museum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.b4umedia.in/?p=91855|title=JPR MEMORIAL MUSEUM HAS BEEN INAUGURATED IMAGES & NEWS|access-date=18 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618062953/http://www.b4umedia.in/?p=91855|archive-date=18 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== As producer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Year
! Film
! class="unsortable" |Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1978
|''[[Thanga Rangan]]''
|
|
|-
|1979
|''Porter Ponnusamy''
|
|
|-
|1980
|''[[Vasantha Azhaippugal]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vasantha Azhaippugal |url=https://spicyonion.com/movie/vasantha-azhaippugal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106162956/http://spicyonion.com/movie/vasantha-azhaippugal/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 November 2014 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=Spicyonion.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1982
|''Pani Malar''
|
|
|-
|1985
|''Unnai Vida Maatten''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Unnai Vida Matten (1985) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/unnai-vida-matten-1985-tamil-movie |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|1991
|''[[Nallathai Naadu Kekum]]''
|also director & actor
|<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Nallathey Nadu Ketkum {{!}} M.G.R Super hit Tamil movie {{!}} Jeppiaar,Bathma Priya,Gouthami,Rekha |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4-Gc2SVYoY |language=en |access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>
|}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|1991
|''[[Nallathai Naadu Kekum]]''
|Raja
|also director & producer
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]

Bhedaghat

2025-11-25T05:38:49Z

MohamedBehan20: formatting fix

{{original research|date=May 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhedaghat
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Bhedaghat Jbp.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Bhedaghat, Jabalpur
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.132|N|79.801|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1840
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhedaghat''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Jabalpur district]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is situated by the side of river [[Narmada River|Narmada]] and is approximately 20 km from [[Jabalpur]] city. Bhedaghat is known for the high [[Marble Rocks|marble rocks]] making a valley through which river Narmada flows. The site is also home to [[Dhuandhar Falls]], named for its smoky appearance as the water crashes down, creating a mist that looks like rising steam.

The Marble Rocks at Bhedaghat form one of only three river-carved gorges in the world cut entirely through pure marble ranking alongside [[Taroko Gorge]] in [[Taiwan]] and [[Trigrad Gorge]] in [[Bulgaria]]. Stretching approximately 8 km along the Narmada River, the gorge’s high marble cliffs were slowly shaped over millions of years by the flowing river.
<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhuandhar Falls, Jabalpur {{!}} District Administration Jabalpur, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://jabalpur.nic.in/en/tourist-place/dhuadhar-water-fall/ |website=jabalpur.nic.in |publisher=NIC India |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Places to Visit in Bhedaghat {{!}} Dhuandhar Falls {{!}} MPTourism |url=https://www.mptourism.com/destination-bhedaghat.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207113911/https://www.mptourism.com/destination-bhedaghat.php |archive-date=2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.mptourism.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bhedaghat had a population of 1840. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhedaghat has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 71% and female literacy of 53%. 16% of the population is under 7 years of age.

==Transport==
The closest rail link is [[Bhedaghat Railway Station]] with [[Jabalpur Railway Station]] being a major station 21 km away. From Jabalpur, one can easily hire a auto or cab to Bhedaghat, which is around 20 km from the city center. The nearest airport is [[Jabalpur Airport]] about 34 km away

==Portrayals in popular culture==
* 1895: In the [[Rudyard Kipling]] story "[[Red Dog (Kipling short story)|Red Dog]]" from ''[[The Second Jungle Book]]'', [[Kaa]] shows [[Mowgli]] a marble gorge by a river, based on the gorge of Bhedaghat, that is inhabited by an enormous colony of bees to help aid in his fight against the rampaging [[dholes]] advancing on the jungle, intending to drive them over the cliffs to be stung by the bees. The real life gorge in Bhedaghat has been known to serve as a home for wild colonies of bees, the hives of which can be seen from the river Narmada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kipling’s list of names |url=https://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/readers-guide/rg_junglebook_names.htm#bee_rocks |website=The Kipling Society |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Banerjee |first1=Sarvesh |last2=Banerjee |first2=Priyanka |title=Marvel in marble |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/marvel-in-marble/articleshow/22647423.cms |website=The Economic Times |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
* 1961: The hit song "O Basanti Pawan Paagal" from the film ''[[Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai]]'' starring [[Raj Kapoor]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] was shot at Bhedaghat.
* 1973: The Hindi film [[Bobby (1973 film)|''Bobby'']] uses Bhedaghat as the setting of its climactic scene.
* 1974: The Hindi film ''[[Pran Jaye Par Vachan Na Jaye]]'' starring [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Rekha]], [[Premnath]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], [[Madan Puri]], and [[Ranjeet]] used Bhedaghat as the location of its climax.
* 2001: The song "Raat Ka Nasha Abhi" from the Hindi film ''[[Asoka (2001 film)|Asoka]]'' was shot in Bhedaghat among the marble rocks by the Narmada River.
* 2013: The opening episode of the [[STAR Plus]] TV series [[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|''Mahabharata'']] features Bhedaghat as a location where [[Shantanu]] and [[Satyavati]] meets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/After-shooting-in-Rajasthan-and-Kashmir-the-team-of-TV-show-Mahabharat-headed-to-the-scenic-valleys-of-Bhedhaghat-in-Jabalpur-to-finish-the-opening-sequence-which-wrapped-up-on-Thursda/articleshow/22582749.cms|title = 'Mahabharat' opening sequence shot in MP – Times of India}}</ref>
* 2016: The crocodile fight scenes of the Hindi film [[Mohenjo Daro (film)|''Mohenjo Daro'']] are shot at Bhedaghat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/mohenjo-daro-fan-frenzy-in-jabalpur-hrithik-roshan-urges-them-to-stay-calm-271182-2015-11-03|title=Mohenjo Daro: Fans create a ruckus in Jabalpur, Hrithik Roshan urges them to stay calm}}</ref>
* 2018: The scenes of Karan going to meet Tilewali Maa from the Gujarati film [[Reva (film)|''Reva'']] are shot at Bhedaghat.
* 2023: Scenes of Hindi movie [[Dunki (film)|Dunki]] directed by [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]] are shot at Bhedaghat.

==Politics==
In 2011 assembly elections, congress registered a win here.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{commons category-inline}}

{{Jabalpur Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jabalpur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jabalpur district]]

Rangbaaz (TV series)

2025-11-03T11:53:27Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{short description|Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Rangbaaz poster ZEE5.jpg
| caption = Poster Image
| genre = {{plainlist|
*[[Action film|Action]]
*[[Crime (genre)|Crime]]
*[[Biography]]}}
| director = Bhav Dhulia
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Saqib Saleem]]
*[[Aahana Kumra]]
*[[Tigmanshu Dhulia]]
*[[Ravi Kishan]]
*[[Ranvir Shorey]]
*[[Jimmy Sheirgill]]
*[[Sushant Singh]]
*[[Gul Panag]]
*[[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]}}
| composer = Roby Abraham
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| location =
| cinematography = Tojo Xavier
| editor = Nandkishor
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
| company = [[JAR Pictures]]
| executive_producer = {{plainlist|
*Muhitt Agarwaal
*Rakesh Bhagwani
*Ajay Rai
*Vinamrata Rai
*Vinay G. Rai
*Rahul Rawat
*Vishwankar Pathania
*Pankaj Batra
*Ankur B. Saraiya}}
| producer =
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 24
| list_episodes = Rangbaaz (web series)#Episodes
| image_alt = Rangbaaz Web Series
}}

'''''Rangbaaz''''' is an Indian web series set against the rustic background of the [[Gorakhpur]] in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/zee5-original-release-three-trailer-of-web-series-rangbaaz/477180|title=Video : 25 साल की उम्र में किए 20 मर्डर, गोरखपुर का ये लड़का ऐसे बना गैंगस्टर|date=2018-12-10|website=Zee News Hindi|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref name="dnaindia.com">{{Cite web|title=Saqib Saleem on playing Shiv Prakash in ZEE5 Original 'Rangbaaz'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-saqib-saleem-on-playing-shiv-prakash-in-zee5-original-rangbaaz-2696403|date=2018-12-15|website=dna|language=en|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> It was released as a [[ZEE5]] original on 22 December 2018.<ref>{{ cite news |last=Anubhuti |first=Mishra |date=22 November 2022 |title=From Panchayat 2 to Tripling: Top 45 must-watch Hindi Web Series List |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/hindi-web-series-1168321 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=21 August 2023 }}</ref> In October 2019, ZEE5 renewed the show for a second season, ''Rangbaaz Phirse'', which premiered on 20 December 2019.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/zee5-announces-the-premiere-date-of-rangbaaz-phirse/|title=ZEE5 announces the premiere date of Rangbaaz Phirse|publisher=Eastern Eye}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/zee5-all-set-to-bring-to-the-viewers-the-second-season-of-rangbaaz-rangbaaz-phirse/21976196|publisher=Mid-Day|title=ZEE5 all set to bring to the viewers the second season of Rangbaaz, Rangbaaz Phirse}}</ref>
Season three, titled Rangbaaz: Darr Ki Rajneeti, premiered on ZEE5 on 29 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/rangbaaz/rangbaaz-darr-ki-rajneeti/seasonreview/93135027.|title=Rangbaaz: Darr Ki Rajneeti Review : Vineet Kumar Singh shines in this slow-burning political drama|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
'''Season 1'''

Rangbaaz is based on the true story of [[Shri Prakash Shukla]] (Shiv Prakash Shukla in the series), who was a notorious gangster and the most wanted criminal of [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh]]. The series shows his journey from a DDU student to becoming the second most wanted criminal in India. Other characters related to Shree Prakash's life include Ram Shankar Tiwari, inspired by [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]], and Chandra Bhan Singh, inspired by [[Surajbhan Singh|Suraj Bhan Singh]] (former MP from Mokama, Bihar).

'''Season 2'''

''Rangbaaz Phir Se'' is inspired from the life of [[Anandpal Singh]] (name changed to Amarpal Singh) who was a gangster active in the state of Rajasthan. The series chronicles his rise to becoming the most wanted criminal in the history of Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-25|title=Anandpal Singh: The gangster whose name struck terror in Shekhawati|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-singh-the-gangster-whose-name-struck-terror-in-shekhawati/story-iZxeiIaQvotTxNwPZmT3UM.html|access-date=2020-04-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The story also covers his illicit business of liquor, his rivalry with Gopal Phogawat (name changed to Raja Phogat), and his dynamics with the political leadership of the state.

'''Season 3'''

''[[Rangbaaz: Darr Ki Rajneeti]]'' Season 3 has premiered on 29 July 2022 on [[ZEE5]] starring [[Vineet Kumar Singh]] and [[Aakanksha Singh]]. The story of the main character is supposedly based on a Gangster turned politician [[Mohammad Shahabuddin (Indian politician)|Mohammad Shahabuddin]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-25 |title=Rangbaaz Darr Ki Rajneeti: Vineet Kumar Singh reacts to reports that show is based on Mohammad Shahabuddin |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/vineet-kumar-singh-reacts-to-reports-that-rangbaaz-darr-ki-rajneeti-is-based-on-shahabuddin-101658711289470.html |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Season 1 ===
{{colbegin}}
* [[Saqib Saleem]] as Shiv Prakash Shukla<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/dna-epaper-dna/saqib+saleem+on+playing+shiv+prakash+in+zee5+original+rangbaaz-newsid-104012482|title=Saqib Saleem on playing Shiv Prakash in ZEE5 Original 'Rangbaaz' - DNA|website=DailyHunt|language=en|access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelallantop.com/jhamajham/rangbaaz-a-film-on-up-based-gangster-sree-prakash-shukla-who-was-planning-to-assasinate-the-them-up-cm-kalyan-singh/|title=उस गैंगस्टर पर फिल्म आ रही है, जिसने यूपी के मुख्यमंत्री को मारने सुपारी ली थी|website=LallanTop - News with most viral and Social Sharing Indian content on the web in Hindi|language=hi|access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref> (inspired by [[Shri Prakash Shukla]]).
* [[Tigmanshu Dhulia]] as Ram Shankar Tiwari (inspired by [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]]).
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Sidharth Pandey - Special Task Force Lead
* [[Aahana Kumra]] as Babita Sharma
* [[Jay Saumik Joshi]] as Abhishek
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Chandra Bhan Singh (inspired by [[Surajbhan Singh]])
* Arun Kalra as Narendra Shahi (inspired by [[Virendra Pratap Shahi]])
* [[Chandan Anand]] as Ranjan Tiwari
* [[Pawan Chopra]] as Director General of Police - UP
* Bharat Chawla as Sushant
* Saurabh Goyal as Host of [[India's Most Wanted (TV series)|India's Most Wanted]] (inspired by [[Suhaib Ilyasi]])
* Gaurav Mishra as Munna Shukla
* Ankur B. Saraiya as Bangkok Goon
* [[Daya Shankar Pandey]] as Mahavir
* Ajay Singh as Morena Vidhayak
* Atul Pandey as Tanuj Pratap Singh
{{colend}}

=== Season 2 / Rangbaaz Phirse ===
{{colbegin}}
* [[Jimmy Shergill]] as Amar Pal Singh (inspired by [[Anandpal Singh]])
* [[Sharad Kelkar]] as Raja Phogat
* [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] as Sanjay Singh Meena
* [[Mahima Makwana]] as Vaishali 'Chiku' Singh, Amar Pal's daughter
* [[Gul Panag]] as Anupriya (inspired by [[Anuradha Chaudhary]])
* [[Sushant Singh]] as Jai Ram Godara (inspired by Jeevan Godara)
* [[Harsh Chhaya]] as Sundar Singh Chauhan
* [[Chetan Pandit]] as Home Minister Ahlawat
* [[Amit Sial]] as Balram Rathi (inspired by balvir banuda)
* [[Spruha Joshi]] as Rukmini, wife of Amar Pal
* [[Sonam Arora]] as Madhu Godavari, wife of Jai Ram
* [[Ujjwal Chopra]] as Harjiram<ref>{{cite web |last1=IWMBuzz |title=Rangbaaz Phirse Promises To Be A Stunner!! |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/snippets-digital/rangbaaz-phirse-promises-stunner/2019/12/13 |website=IWMBuzz.com |date=12 December 2019 |access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref>
{{colend}}

===Season 3 / Rangbaaz Dar ki Raajneeti===
Third season of the show premiered on [[ZEE5]] platform on 29 July 2022. The season's story is loosely based on Gangster turned politician [[Mohammad Shahabuddin (Indian politician)|Mohammad Shahabuddin]] from [[Bihar]].
* [[Viineet Kumar]] as Shah Ali Baig: Sana's husband
* [[Aakanksha Singh]] as Sana: Shah Ali Baig's wife
* [[Vijay Maurya]]
* [[Prashant Narayanan]]
* [[Rajesh Tailang]]
* [[Geetanjali Kulkarni]]
* Prateek Srivastava
*[[Teetu Verma]] as Dinesh Singh

== Episodes ==
{{Series overview
| color1 = #CCCCFF
| link1 = #Season 1
| episodes1 = 9
| released1 = {{Start date|2018|12|21|df=yes}}

| color2 = #D38233
| link2 = #Season 2 / Rangbaaz Phirse
| episodes2 = 9
| released2 = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
}}

=== Season 1 ===
{{Episode table |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Gangster Ka Mobile Phone
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Coming-of-age
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Bhiksha, Shiksha and Diksha
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Naam Hai Ram Shankar Tiwari
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Shiv Prakash Kiske Saath Hai?
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Mata Ka Jagarta
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Apaharan
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = National Level Ka Criminal
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Climax
|DirectedBy = Bhav Dhulia
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
}}

=== Season 2 / Rangbaaz Phirse ===
{{Episode table |background=#D38233|EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Power Game
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Sabki Samadhi Yahi Banegi
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Dhande Ka Ganit
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Over and Out
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Savdhani Hati, Durghatna Ghati
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Chakravyuh Hai, Phans Jaayega
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Girgit Rang Birang
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Do aur Do Paanch
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Surrender
|DirectedBy = Sachin Pathak
|WrittenBy = Siddharth Mishra
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = #D38233
}}
}}

== Sequel Spin-off ==
After the successful run of first season, [[ZEE5]] announced a spin-off sequel for the show, titled "Rangbaaz Phirse" <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Reception ==
===Rangbaaz===
''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated with 3/5 stars and critically reviewed the series by saying it had nothing out of the ordinary about the crime and criminals story. The lead actor performed well in his role as a gangster in making. The series relied so much on the film songs of the era to create a particular mood for the storyline which was a bit tiresome.<ref>{{cite news |title='Rangbaaz' review: Saqib Saleem makes an impressive web debut |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/Dec/25/rangbaaz-review-saqib-saleem-makes-an-impressive-web-debut-1916339.html |access-date=29 October 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=25 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

===Rangbaaz Phirse===
Binged gave a rating of 6/10 stars to ''Rangbaaz Phirse'' and critically reviewed the actors performances. They also stated that the series fails to display a larger than life gangster profile. Moreover, the direction of the series makes it look quite authentic when capturing expressions and other important scenes. Throughout the nine episodes the rise and fall of its protagonist is portrayed dramatically in impressive detail.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rangbaaz Phirse Review - Compelling Tale That Needed More Vigour in Its Execution |url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/rangbaaz-phirse-series-review/ |website=Binged |access-date=29 October 2025 |date=26 December 2019}}</ref>

''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave a review about the series saying that the series focuses on the rural heartlands plagued by the caste hierarchy. The storyline revolves around gruesome tit-for-tat that leads to numerous murders involving bystanders, politicians and cops, serving their own agendas. The cast were praised..<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaushal |first1=Ruchi |title=Rangbaaz Phirse review: Jimmy Sheirgill delivers a usual gangster drama |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/rangbaaz-phirse-review-jimmy-sheirgill-s-gangster-drama-delves-deep-into-rajasthan-s-caste-politics/story-Ml5U6AAlG7hqYe3sMAie2L.html |access-date=29 October 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=27 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/rangbaaz/0-6-1138 ''Rangbaaz''] on [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt9420618}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rangbaaz 3_(web_series)}}
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:2018 web series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Action web series]]
[[Category:Crime thriller web series]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:2010s police procedural television series]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural television series]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Uttar Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Bihar Police]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Indian action television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Bihar]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]

Advaitanand Ji

2025-10-30T00:13:03Z

MohamedBehan20: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{short description|Indian spiritual guru}}
{{POV|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Shri]]
| name = Paramhans Swami Advaitanand Ji Maharaj
| image = Paramhans Dyal Ji.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1846|4|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Chhapra (Bihar)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1919|7|10|1846|4|5|df=yes}}
| known_for = [[Advait Mat]]
| successor = [[Swarupanand|Shri Swami Swarupanand Ji Maharaj]]
}}

'''Shri Paramhans Swami Advaitanand Ji Maharaj''' (5 April 1846 – 10 July 1919), also known as '''Shri Paramhans Dayal Maharaj Ji''' (born Shri '''Ram Yaad'''), was born in [[Chhapra|Chhapra City]], India. Shri is known as the "First Spiritual Master" of the Shri Anandpur Dham, while also initiated the "Second Master" and [[Swarupanand|Shri Swami Swarupanand Ji Maharaj]] in the early 1900s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Shri Swarup Darshan|last=Sri Swami Sar|first=Shabdanand Ji|publisher=Sar Shabd Mission|year=1998|location=New Delhi, India|pages=17–59}}</ref>
Shri Anandpur Dham Madhya Pradesh,
District Ashoknagar.

==Early life==
He was born on the day of [[Rama Navami]] and was therefore named "Ram Yaad". His father was scholar Pandit Tulsi Pathak; his mother died a few months after his birth, so he was brought up by his father's disciple Lala Narhari Prasad, while Shri Narhari Prasad arranged his education. Shri Ram Yaad learned about [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], and [[Arabic]]. When Ram Yaad was five, his father died.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shri Paramhans Advait Mat: A Life Sketch of the Illustrious Master of the Mat|last=Mat|first=Sant|publisher=Shri Anandpur Trust|year=1975}}</ref>

Paramhans Swamiji gave ''[[Diksha]]'' to him and taught him about [[Brahmavidya Upanishad|Brahma Vidya]]. When he was 11 years old, Narhari Prasad died and after some years, his wife also died. He was the only rightful successor of both families, but at the age of 16, he left his home and went to the forests of Bihar for meditation. In [[Jaipur]], in 1883, he met the 90-year-old Swami [[Anandpuri]] Ji, who taught him the [[Kriyā|Kriya]] of [[Pranayama]] and [[Yoga]]. He reportedly wrote in [[Urdu]] on a paper: "Accept Paramhans Ram Yaad". He named him as his spiritual successor to his seat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Shri 1008 Shri Swami Advaitanand ji Maharaj 'Paramhans' |url=https://brahmavidyalayaashram.in/gurus/1 |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=Brahm Vidyalaya and Ashram}}</ref>

== Career ==

He travelled from place to place and carried the message of Sahaj Yoga, Bhakti and service. He stayed at Jaipur for a long time and started his spiritual preaching and uplifting the people there, attracting many followers there. As a wandering monk, he covered Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, etc. to teach ''Sahajyoga'' and ''Bhakti''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The ashrams (temples) founded by him were called ''Krishana Dwaras''. Sant Mat-a-nuyayi Ashram, Gadwaghat, Varanasi, Brahma Vidyalay and Ashram, Chotka Rajpur, Buxar, Adwait-Swarup Ashram, Paramhans Satyarthi Dham, Rajyog Mandir, Shanti Mohalla, Delhi, and Shri Anandpur Satsang Ashram are all related to him.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

He attained [[Nirvana]] on 10 July 1919 after transferring succession of the seat to [[Swarupanand|Swami Swarupanand ji]]. He had promised to his devotee Seth Amirchand that he would sacrifice his body and take Samadhi at his place. A Sacred Samadhi Shrine was built there in Teri, KP, Pakistan. After the Partitiion in 1947, his devotees shifted the center to Anandpur in Madhyya Pradesh.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

==See also==
*[[2020 Karak temple attack]] in which Advaitanand Ji's samadhi was destroyed.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sant Mat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1846 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:Advait Mat gurus]]

Legal Metrology Act, 2009

2025-10-09T10:28:06Z

MohamedBehan20: put up a pg

{{Short description|Indian legislation establishing standards for weights and measures}}
{{Infobox legislation
| name = Legal Metrology Act, 2009
| long_name =
| enacted_by = Parliament of India
| enacted = 2009
| commenced = 1 April 2011
| status = In force
| repeals = [[Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976]]
Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Act, 1985
}}

The '''Legal Metrology Act, 2009''' is an Act of the [[Parliament of India]] that establishes and enforces standards of [[Unit of measurement|weights and measures]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi: Now upload pics of products, bills via app for redressal of consumer grievances |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi-now-upload-pics-of-products-bills-via-app-for-redressal-of-consumer-grievances-1205951.html |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> It was enacted to replace the Standards of [[Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976|Weights and Measures Act, 1976]] and the Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Act, 1985.<ref name="act">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4892/1/legalmetrology_act_2009.pdf |title=The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |publisher=Government of India |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>

== Background ==
The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 was introduced to consolidate and amend the laws relating to weights and measures in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Delhi Confidential: An unusual sight as Piyush Goyal inaugurates national workshop on Legal Metrology Act |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/delhi-confidential/delhi-confidential-by-the-book-7908999/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It aims to establish and enforce standards of weights and measures and regulate trade and commerce in weights, measures, and other goods sold or distributed by weight, measure, or number.<ref name="act" />

== Key provisions ==
The Act contains several key provisions:
* Establishment of standard units of weights and measures based on the metric system.
* Regulation of manufacturing, selling, and repairing of weights and measures.
* Appointment of legal metrology officers to enforce the Act.
* Penalties for offenses related to weights and measures.

== Implementation ==
The Act came into force on 1 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/acts-and-rules/legal-metrology/the-legal-metrology-act-2009 |title=The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |publisher=Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref> It is administered by the Department of Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India.

== See also ==
* [[Metrology]]
* [[Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976]]
* [[Indian Institute of Legal Metrology]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4892/1/legalmetrology_act_2009.pdf Full text of the Legal Metrology Act, 2009]
* [https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/acts-and-rules/legal-metrology/the-legal-metrology-act-2009 Legal Metrology Act, 2009 on the Department of Consumer Affairs website]

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2009]]
[[Category:2009 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Metrology]]

Premi Devi Yumlembam

2025-10-01T21:54:04Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Yumlembam Premi Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Yumlembam|Premi|Devi}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Premi Devi
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|fullname = Premi Devi Yumlembam
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|12|6|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|height =
|position = [[Midfielder]]
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 =
|clubs1 = Manipur
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 2015
|clubs2 = [[Eastern Sporting Union]]
|caps2 = 8
|goals2 = 4
|totalcaps =
|totalgoals =
|nationalyears1 = 2008
|nationalteam1 = India U16
|nationalcaps1 = 3
|nationalgoals1 = 1
|nationalyears2 = 2010
|nationalteam2 = India U19
|nationalcaps2 = 3
|nationalgoals2 = 0
|nationalyears3 = 2011–
|nationalteam3 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
|nationalcaps3 = 16
|nationalgoals3 = 2
|club-update =
|nationalteam-update =
}}
'''Premi Devi Yumlembam''' ({{langx|mni|Yumlembam Premi Devi}}, born 6 December 1993) is an Indian women's international footballer who plays as a [[midfielder]]. She has played internationals for the [[India women's national football team]], and at a club level she has played for Manipur and [[Eastern Sporting Union]].

==International career==
She made her debut in the friendly series against [[Bahrain women's national football team|Bahrain]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title= Premi Devi in Bahrain 2011 friendly squad |url= https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=3545|website= the-aiff.com |date= 13 September 2011|access-date= 14 March 2017}}</ref> She was part of the team at the [[2014 Asian Games]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200622070227/https://www.incheon2014ag.org/404.html Squads at the 2014 Asian Games]}} ''incheon2014ag.org''</ref> and at the [[2015–16 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]].<ref>[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=8778&stageid=347&tMode=C&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Match summary] AFC {{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
*[[SAFF Women's Championship]]: [[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]], [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2014/11/10/indian-womens-squad-announced-for-saff-championship/ |title=Indian women's squad announced for SAFF Championship |website=India Footy |last=Shukla |first=Abhishek |accessdate=19 February 2022 }}</ref> [[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]]
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2016]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/20-selected-in-indian-squad-for-12th-south-asian-games|title=20 selected in Indian squad for 12th South Asian Games|website=AIFF|date=1 February 2016|access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

'''Eastern Sporting Union'''
* [[Indian Women's League]]: [[2016–17 Indian Women's League season|2016–17]]

'''Railways'''
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: [[2015–16 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|2015–16]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yumlembam}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Women's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]
[[Category:Eastern Sporting Union players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}{{India-footy-midfielder-stub}}

List of Odia films of 1966

2025-09-15T05:46:44Z

MohamedBehan20: put up new article...

{{Short description|None}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1966:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1966 in film|1966]]'''
|-
|''[[Matira Manisha]]''{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} ||[[Mrinal Sen]]||[[Prashanta Nanda]], [[Sarat Pujari]], [[Sujata Anand]], Bhanumati Devi|| ||Based on Kalindi Charan Panigrahi's novel; National Award, Silver Lotus for Best Oriya Film
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1966 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1966]]
[[Category:Lists of 1966 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1966 in Indian cinema|Films, Ollywood]]
[[Category:1960s in Orissa]]

Gandhidham–Puri Weekly Superfast Express

2025-08-12T13:07:16Z

MohamedBehan20: small improved information based on references also per sources

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{distinguish|Gandhidham-Puri Express (via Vizianagaram)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Gandhidham-Puri Weekly Superfast Express
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| locale = [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]]
| first = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2011|11|14}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Gandhidham Junction||Gandhidham}} (GIMB)
| stops = 25
| end = {{rws|Puri}} (PURI)
| distance = {{convert|2285|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 41 hours 30 minutes
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-Catering, On-board Catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12993 / 12994
| speed = {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 12993 / 12994 '''Gandhidham-Puri Weekly Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between [[Gandhidham Bg Railway Station|Gandhidham Junction]] and [[Puri railway station|Puri]] via [[Sambalpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-gandhidham-puri-weekly-sf-express-via-bhubaneswar-12993/15574/369/217| title=12993/Gandhidham - Puri Weekly Superfast Express (via Sambalpur)| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-puri-gandhidham-weekly-sf-express-via-bhubaneswar-12994/15560/217/369| title=12994/Puri - Gandhidham Weekly Superfast Express (via Sambalpur)| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

It is currently being operated with 12993/12994 train numbers on a weekly basis. This train was announced in the 2011 rail budget.

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 130 kmph. The train consists of 19 coaches :

* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 8 Sleeper Coaches
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Service==

The 12993/'''Gandhidham - Puri Weekly Superfast Express''' has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2285 km in 41 hrs 30 mins.

The 12994/'''Puri - Gandhidham Weekly Superfast Express''' has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2285 km in 41 hrs 15 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{rws|Gandhidham Junction}}'''
* {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{rws|Vadodara Junction}}
* {{rws|Surat}}
* {{rws|Nandurbar}}
* {{rws|Jalgaon Junction}}
* {{rws|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{rws|Wardha Junction}}
* {{rws|Nagpur Junction}}
* {{rws|Gondia Junction}}
* {{rws|Durg Junction}}
* {{rws|Raipur Junction}}
* {{rws|Khariar Road}}
* {{rws|Kantabanji}}
* {{rws|Titlagarh Junction}}
* {{rws|Sambalpur Junction}}
* {{rws|Bhubaneswar}}
* {{rws|Khurda Road Junction}}
* '''{{rws|Puri}}'''

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train Number !! Station Code !! Departure Station !! Departure Time !! Departure Day !! Arrival Station !! Arrival Time !! Arrival Day
|-
| 12993 || GIMB || {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}} || 22:45 PM || Fri || {{rws|Puri}} || 16:15 PM || Sun
|-
| 12994 || PURI || {{rws|Puri}} || 19:45 PM || Mon || {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}} || 13:00 PM || Wed
|}

==Direction reversal==

Train reverses its direction one time at:

* {{rws|Titlagarh Junction}}

==Traction==

It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Gandhidham to Puri and vice versa.

==See also==

* [[Gandhidham - Puri Weekly Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhidham - Puri Weekly Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Puri]]
[[Category:Transport in Gandhidham]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2011]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Transport in Kutch district]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

FOSS movement in India

2025-07-19T19:36:19Z

MohamedBehan20: started initial data w/ infobox - done

{{one source|date=September 2017}}

{{notability|date=September 2017}}

'''FOSS Movement in India''' refers to the campaign across the country during the 1990s and 2000s in particular, to promote Free and Open Source Software. It was marked by the existence of many [[Indian Linux User Groups]] (ILUGs) groups and [[Free Software User Groups]] (FSUGs) in different cities, town and other areas.

The prominent members of the campaign include the late [[Atul Chitnis]], Prof Nagarjuna G. and others.

==Timeline of the campaign==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date !! Event
|-
| 1990s || Computer magazines like [[PC-Quest]] boost interest in [[FOSS]] (or [[Linux]]) by regularly writing articles, and sharing software on CDs and DVDs from this field. Among the early writers are the late [[Atul Chitnis]].
|-
| 1993-94 || The [[not-for-profit]]/[[NGO]] [[Centre for Education and Documentation]], based at Bombay (now Mumbai) and Bangalore (now Bengaluru) promotes the use of [[FOSS]] (or [[Linux]], as it was then widely called) among the non-profit and alternate journalist community, through installing it on their computers, in its rather early shape. CED also used some [[FOSS]] tools while granting early access to non-profits to their email systems at ILBOM and ILBAN (IndiaLink) service.
|-
| 1997 || '''Linux India''', a loose network of mailing lists is founded around this time by Arun Sharma and [[Karra Dakshinamurthy]] to help propagate and learn the [[Linux]] operating system and associated tools. In the early days, the electronic mailing lists were under the adminship of [[Sudhakar Chandrasekharan]] ''aka'' [[Thaths]].
|-
| 2013 || '''October:''' Free Software Foundation (India) responds to the proposed Government of India framework. Urges government to recognise citizens as primary stakeholders; seeks replacement of "OSS" with "FLOSS"; and other concerns over the total cost of ownership, bidding to create FLOSS solutions, licenses, recommended stacks, etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=FSF India's Response to the Proposed Framework by Govt of India|url=http://fsf.org.in/fsf-indias-response-to-the-proposed-framework-by|website=fsf.org.in|publisher=Free Software Foundation (India)|accessdate=7 March 2017|archive-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217130849/http://fsf.org.in/fsf-indias-response-to-the-proposed-framework-by|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==External links==
*[http://fsf.org.in/fsf-indias-response-to-the-proposed-framework-by FSF India's Response to the Proposed Framework by Govt of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217130849/http://fsf.org.in/fsf-indias-response-to-the-proposed-framework-by |date=2016-12-17 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{tech-stub}}

[[Category:Free software movement]]
[[Category:History of science and technology in India]]

Ram Kishor

2025-03-29T19:51:01Z

MohamedBehan20: put up new page w/ refs!

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| background =
| name = Ram Kishor
| image =
| caption =
|module={{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
| headercolor=#FFC569
| san = {{lang|hi|राम किशोर}} }}
| religion = Hinduism
| school =
| lineage =
| temple =
| other_name =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = Chaitra Shukla 5, 1976, Vikram Samvat
| birth_place = Village Dhabar, District Pali, [[Marwar]], India<ref name = yy>Ram Kishor Ji Maharaj's Teachings, Publisher Ram Niwas Dham Trust, Shahpura, https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3bUXrI1MZN1NklPT3czTGkyeXM/edit?usp=sharing</ref>
| death_date = 8 January 1994
| death_place = Padra, Gujarat, India
| resting_place = Shanti Sthala [[Shahpura, Bhilwara]], [[Rajathan]], India
| resting_place_coordinates =
| location =
| title = 13th -[[acharya]] of the Ramsnehi Sampradaya, H.Q. Shahpura
| period =
| consecration =
| predecessor = Darshan Ram
| successor = [[Ram Dayal]]
| reason =
| rank =
| teacher =
| reincarnation_of =
| students =
| works =
| ordination =
| initiation = [[Diksa]]–Falgun Sudi 11, 1983 Vikram Samvat
| previous_post =
| present_post =
| post = [[Guru]], [[Sannyasi]], [[Acharya]]
}}

'''Ram Kishor''' was the 13th head of the [[Ramsnehi Sampradaya]] (headquarter Shahpura, Bhilwara).

== Early life and Sannyasa initiation==
Ram Kishor was born in 1918 at village Dhabar, district [[Pali, Rajasthan]], in a Rajpurohit family to father Bhaironsinghji and mother Kesharbai.<ref name="yy"/>

At the age of 9, he was initiated into [[Sannyasa]] by the Ramsnehi saint Kaaraj Ram at [[Gangapur City|Gangapur, Rajasthan]]. Thereafter he committed himself to studying the scriptures of the sampradaya, as well as Hindu scriptures. He resided at Ramdwaras of Khurja ([[Bulandshahar]]) and Charkhewalan, Delhi. He was under tutelage of Gyani Ram at the latter place.<ref name="yy"/>

== Philosophy ==
Along with religion and spirituality, his focus was on national issues as well. He participated in the Delhi Shiv Mandir Satyagraha in 1939 and was subsequently jailed for 2 months. He was also an active participant in the [[Arya Samaj]] Satyagraha at Hyderabad in 1938.<ref name="yy"/>

== Leadership of Ramsnehi Sampradaya ==
He was designated the head of [[Ramsnehi Sampradaya]] on [[Chaitra]] [[Paksha|Shukla]] Asthami [[Vikram Samvat]] 2016 (1960 A.D.). He succeeded Darshan Ram.<ref name="yy"/>

He is credited with changing the Ramsnehi Sampradaya to a more contemporary one. Till 1972, all Ramsnehi saints followed the founder's dictum to travel exclusively on foot. Ram Kishor, on the earnest request of devotees, started travelling by car and plane. This enabled a wider reach for the Sampradaya in India as well as abroad. Ram Kishor travelled to Bangkok, Singapore, Malaya, Australia and Fiji for spreading Indian culture and teachings of [[Ram Charan Maharaj]].<ref name = qw>Ramsnehi Bhaskar March and April 2005 https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3bUXrI1MZN1LVQ4R1RvYlQzQkU/edit?usp=sharing</ref>
[[File:SwamiJiShriRamKishorJiMaharaj.jpg|thumb|Ram Kishor at Dewas, Madhya Pradesh]]
He initiated the setting up of temporary centres of Ramsnehi Sampradaya at the [[Kumbh Melas]] at Ujjain, Prayag and Haridwar.

He was responsible for starting the [[Sri Ram Snehi Bhaskar Magazine]] for improving the outreach of the [[Ramdwara]].
.<ref name=xx>Ramsnehi Bhaskar – September 2012 https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3IfnJ2-9DiicFp6RUlrRmgwMTA/edit?pli=1</ref> Ram Kishor Ji Maharaj is also the founder of the Ramsnehi Sanskrit Vidyalaya, a school which specializes in Sanskrit education, situated at Shahpura.

Ram Kishor has worked for upliftment of women, tribals as well as downtrodden castes.<ref name="yy"/>

== Death ==
Ram Kishor expired on 8 January 1994. He is succeeded by [[Ram Dayal]]. His [[samadhi]] is ''[[Shanti-Sthala]]'' located at Shahpura Ramdwara.<ref name="qw"/>

[[File:Shanti Sthala, Ramdwara, Shahpura.JPG|thumb|400px|This is the samadhi of the 13th head of Ramsnehi Sampradaya, Ram Kishor. It is located in Ramniwas Dham, Shahpura, Bhilwara]]

== See also ==
* [[Ram Charan Maharaj]]
* [[Shahpura, Bhilwara]]
* [[Ramdwara]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishor, Ram}}
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]

Cooch Behar I

2025-01-24T14:31:50Z

MohamedBehan20: slightly adjust article per standard format additionally and updated info

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cooch Behar I
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = Siddhanath Siva temple at Dhauluabari under Cooch Behar district in West Bengal 16.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Siddhanath Shiva temple at [[Dhaliabari]]
| image_map = File:Cooch Behar-I in Cooch Behar (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.3097000|N|89.4862590|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 361.17
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 326558
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Cooch Behar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar Dakshin]], [[Natabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Natabari]]
| website = {{URL|coochbehar.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Cooch Behar I''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Cooch Behar Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Guriahati, one of the constituent panchayats of the block, is located at {{coord|26.3097000|N|89.4862590|E|format=dms|}}.

Topographically, Cooch Behar district is generally plain land which is low and marshy at some places. “Considering the nature of general surface configuration, relief and drainage pattern, distribution of different types of soil, climatic condition, the formation of geology and forest tracts, the district Koch Bihar falls under [[Barind Tract]]. The physiology of this area consists of alluvial soil, generally blackish brown in colour and composed of sand, clay and silt. The soils are loose and sandy throughout the district.” The Himalayan formations in the north end beyond the boundaries of this district. There are no hills/ mountains here. It has a large network of rivers flowing from north-west to south and south-east. The [[Teesta River|Teesta]] flows through Mekhliganj CD block before entering [[Bangladesh]]. The [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]] and its connected river-streams form a large catchment area in the district. It virtually divides the district into two unequal parts and meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh. The Himalayan rivers flowing through Cooch Behar district change courses from time to time. In 1876, [[W.W. Hunter]] mentioned the [[Dharla River|Dharla]] and the [[Torsha River|Torsha]] as the same stream with two names. However, since the advent of the 20th century, these are two different streams meeting the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="map">{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Koch Bihar district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The hill-streams of Cooch Behar carry debris and silt from the Himalayas and are shallow. During the monsoons, the speed of flow of the rivers almost doubles and the rivers overflow their banks, causing floods and devastation. The Raidak I and II, Gadadhar, Kaljani, Torsha and Ghargharia are the major rivers causing floods in the Cooch Behar I and II CD blocks.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 18, 22| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The Cooch Behar I CD block is bounded by the [[Mathabhanga II]] and [[Cooch Behar II]] CD blocks on the north, the [[Tufanganj I]] CD block on the east, the [[Dinhata II]], [[Dinhata I]] and [[Sitai]] CD blocks on the south, the [[Sitalkuchi]] CD block on the west.<ref name="map"/>

The Cooch Behar I CD block has an area of 361.17 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 15 [[gram panchayat]]s, 240 gram sansads (village councils), 144 [[mouza]]s, 142 inhabited villages and 3 [[census town]]s. [[Cooch Behar#Police station|Cooch Behar]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Ghughumari]].<ref name="map"/>

[[File:ADMINISTRATIVE MAP.jpg|thumb|650px|left|Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Cooch Behar I block/ panchayat samiti are: Chandamari, Chikirhat, Dawaguri, Dewanhat, Falimari, Ghugumari, Guriahati I, Guriahati II, Haribhanga, Jiranpur, Moamari, Panishala, Patchhara, Putimari Fuleswari and Suktabari.<ref name=admin>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/htmfiles/District_Administration.html| title = Relation between Blocks & Gram Panchayats (GPs) | publisher = Cooch Behar District Administration| access-date = 2011-03-20}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Cooch Behar I CD block had a total population of 326,558, of which 293,267 were rural and 33,291 were urban. There were 168,185 (52%) males and 158,373 (48%) females. There were 40,683 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 129,873 (38.77%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 1,225 (0.38%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Cooch Behar I block had a total population of 284,564, out of which 146,298 were males and 138,266 were females. Cooch Behar I block registered a population growth of 14.79 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |title=Census of India 2001, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table - 4 |access-date=21 July 2020 |work=Cooch Behar District (03) |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census town]]s in the Cooch Behar I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets. [[Kharimala Khagrabari]] (7,844), [[Guriahati]] (21,064) and [[Dhaliabari]] (4,383).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Cooch Behar I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Dauaguri (6,216), Chhat Guriahati (4,169), Ghughumari (13,764), Paschim Moamari (6,024), Mainaguri Dighalhati (4.049), Dudher Kuthidewanbas (7,758), Kalabarighat (4,361), Rajpur (4,355), Chandamari (7,678), Putimari Phuleswari (4,059), Patchhara (10,074), Haldimohan (5,146), Hari Bhanga (6,736), Pushnadanga (4,281), Dewan Hatmoamari (7,460), Panisala (8,332) and Nawabganj Balasi (10,004).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Cooch Behar I CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Jiranpur (2,934) and [[Gudam Maharaniganj]] (1,639).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Cooch Behar I CD block was 218,872 (76.56% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 121,165 (82.29% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 97,707 (69.97% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 12.33%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Cooch Behar district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Cooch Behar I CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|66.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|33.17}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.17}}
}}

In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered 215,521 and formed 66.00% of the population of Cooch Behar I CD block. Muslims numbered 110,078 and formed 33.71% of the population. Christians numbered 541 and formed 0.17% of the population. Others numbered 418 and formed 0.13% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Cooch Behar I CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 95.74 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] |value2 = 2.20 |color2 = plum
|label3 = 'Other' Bengali |value3 = 0.90 |color3 = mediumpurple
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.16 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 95.74% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 2.20% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] as their first language. 0.90% were recorded as speaking 'Other' under Bengali.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999–2000, Cooch Behar district had a rural poverty ratio of 25.62%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 20-26% of the population of Cooch Behar, Birbhum, Nadia and Hooghly districts were below the poverty line, marginally higher than the level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Cooch Behar I CD block'''
|value1 = 27.85
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 32.37
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 5.44
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 34.34
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Cooch Behar I CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 37,485 and formed 27.85%, agricultural labourers numbered 43,565 and formed 32.37%, household industry workers numbered 7,315 and formed 5.44% and other workers numbered 46,208 and formed 34.34%.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 134,573 and formed 41.21% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 191,985 and formed 58.79% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 35 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 142 inhabited villages in the Cooch Behar I CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Cooch Behar, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 30 villages (21.13%) have post offices. 141 villages (99.30%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 93 villages (65.49%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 76 villages (53.52%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 16 villages (11.27%) have agricultural credit societies and 10 villages (7.04%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 86, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Agriculture is the primary mode of living in the district. The entire Cooch Behar district has fertile soil and around half of the cultivated land in the district is cropped twice or more. Paddy (rice) and jute are the largest producing crops, followed by potatoes, vegetables and pulses. There are 23 tea gardens on glided slopes. There are some [[coconut]], [[areca nut]] and [[Betel|betel leaf]] plantations. 77.6% of the land holdings are marginal.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 23-26 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

In 2012–13, there were 51 fertiliser depots, 2 seed stores and 64 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Cooch Behar I CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 July 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2012–13, the Cooch Behar I CD block produced 38,493 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 19,142 hectares, 36,211 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 9,871 hectares, 298 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 175 hectares, 8,576 tonnes of wheat from 3,413 hectares, 183 tonnes of maize from 75 hectares, 164,563 tonnes of jute from 11,899 hectares, 91,495 tonnes of potatoes from 3,265 hectares and 1,255 tonnes of sugar cane from 12 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

In 2012–13, the total area irrigated in the Cooch Behar I CD block was 5,121 hectares, out of which 200 hectares were irrigated by private canal water, 355 hectares by tank water, 814 hectares by river lift irrigation, 314 hectares by deep tube wells, 2,304 hectares by shallow tube wells, 97 hectares by open dug wells, 1,037 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Pisciculture===
Being a river-bound district, pisciculture is an important economic activity in the Cooch Behar district. Almost all the rivers originating in the Himalayas have a lot of fish. The net area under effective pisciculture in 2010–11 in the Cooch Behar I CD block was 410.88 hectares. 12,875 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 24,063 quintals.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 27-28: Fishery | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012–13, Cooch Behar I CD block had offices of 32 commercial banks and 8 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Cooch Behar I CD block has 8 ferry services and 11 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2013/>

The broad gauge [[Alipurduar-Bamanhat branch line]] passes through this block and there are stations at Dewanhat and Bhetaguri.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-alipurduar-bamanhat-passenger-55465/21260/449/7550| title = 55765 =>55465 Alipurduar – Bamunhat Passenger | work= Time Table| publisher = Indiarailinfo |access-date = 9 August 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012–13, Cooch Behar I CD block had 195 primary schools with 24,014 students, 29 middle schools with 8,972 students, 21 high schools with 19,600 students and 20 higher secondary schools with 18,990 students. Cooch Behar I CD block had 1 general degree college with 800 students, 5 technical/ professional institutions with 379 students and 624 institutions for special and non-formal education with 29,714 students.<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, among the 142 inhabited villages in the Cooch Behar I CD block 13 villages did not have schools, 74 villages had two or more primary schools, 63 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 45 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 547-48, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

[[Dewanhat Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2007 at [[Dewanhat]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://dewanhatmahavidyalaya.in/ |title = Dewanhat Mahavidyalaya |publisher= DM | access-date = 16 January 2020 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Cooch Behar I CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres and 1 NGO/private nursing home with total 66 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 46 family welfare subcentres. 11,213 patients were treated indoor and 340,811 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Dewanhat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Dewanhat]], is the major government medical facility in the Cooch Behar I CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Putimari Phuleswari (PO Patpushu) (with 10 beds) and Chilkirhat (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =29 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Cooch Behar topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]

Tanmay Ssingh

2025-01-17T21:46:30Z

MohamedBehan20:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Tanmay Ssingh
|image =
|caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1991|09|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = Delhi, India
| occupation = Film Actor
}}

'''Tanmay Ssingh''' (born 18 September 1991) is an Indian actor in Bollywood films. Tanmay's debut film as lead actor was '[[Sayonee (film)]]' which was produced by lucky Morani and Mohomed Morani and directed by [[Nitin Kumar Gupta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/201102-lucky-nadiadwala-morani-productions-presents|title = Lucky Nadiadwala Morani Productions presents film 'Sayonee'- a musical action thriller}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/sayonee-releases-today-tanmay-ssingh-and-musskan-sethi-s-love-story-is-worth-a-watch-672264|title = Sayonee releases today, Tanmay Ssingh and Musskan Sethi's love story is worth a watch|date = 18 December 2020}}</ref> This movie was inspired by the iconic 90s song 'Sayonee' sung by [[Lahore]]’s sufi rock band Junoon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/arijit-singh-sayonee-is-my-growing-up-favourite-song/articleshow/79213746.cms|title=Arijit Singh: Sayonee is my growing-up favourite song - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> Tanmay will be soon feature in a signal Patthar Wargi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/tanmay-ssingh-hina-khans-romantic-083249382.html|title=Yahoo Search - Web Search}}</ref> of T series with Hina Khan{{cn|date=November 2021}} and B Praak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/hina-khan-s-new-music-video-patthar-wargi-releases-on-eid-may-14-1798803-2021-05-04|title = Hina Khan's new music video Patthar Wargi releases on Eid, May 14}}</ref> Tanmay recently signed a three song video deal with the producer of Patthar Wargi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/tanmay-ssingh-signs-three-music-video-deal-with-patthar-wargi-producer-vinay-gupta-even-before-its-release/|title = Tanmay Ssingh Signs Three Music Video Deal with Patthar Wargi Producer Vinay Gupta Even Before Its Release|date = 7 May 2021}}</ref>

==Film career==
Tanmay Ssingh was born to Mukesh and Chitra Sachdeva. He was born and raised in New Delhi. After completing graduation he attended the Asmita theatre group in New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinebuster.in/romancing-hina-khan-was-a-dream-come-true-says-tanmay-singh/|title = 'Romancing Hina Khan was a dream come true', says Tanmay Singh!|date = 29 April 2021}}</ref>

'''Actor'''

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Other notes
|-
|2021
| ''Sayonee''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/movie-reviews/sayonee-movie-review-tanmay-ssingh-and-musskan-sethi-rahul-roy/|title = Sayonee Movie Review: Tanmay Ssingh, Rahul Roy and Musskan Sethi come up with a mind-blowing action thriller|date = 18 December 2020}}</ref>
| ''Lead Role''
| 18 December 2020
|-
|2021
| ''Patthar Wargi (Single)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/tanmay-ssingh-to-romance-hina-khan-249346|title = Tanmay Ssingh to romance Hina Khan}}</ref>
| ''Gangster''
| 14 May 2021
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/tanmay-ssingh.html Tanmay Ssingh on Filmibeat]
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12028451/ Tanmay Ssingh on IMDB]
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/tanmay-ssingh/ Tanmay Ssingh at Bollywood Hungama]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/tanmay-ssingh Tanmay Singh at Times of India ]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ssingh, Tanmay}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]

Ha Khel Sawalyancha

2024-10-28T10:34:34Z

MohamedBehan20:

#REDIRECT[[Vasant Joglekar#Ha Khel Savalyancha]]
{{Redirect from film}}
{{Redirect to section}}

Kongad Gram Panchayat

2024-05-24T05:34:41Z

MohamedBehan20: put up a info...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kongad
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|51|15|N|76|31|19|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Palakkad
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Kongad Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 35
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 30020
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=പാലക്കാട്‌ ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന വിവരങ്ങള്‍ {{!}} പഞ്ചായത്ത് വകുപ്പ് |url=https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/article/1031 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=dop.lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 678631
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0491
| registration_plate = KL-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Palakkad
| blank2_name_sec1 = Parliament constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Palakkad
| blank3_name_sec1 = Assembly constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Kongad
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kongad''' is a town and [[gram panchayat]] in Palakkad taluk, [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palakkad Taluk Population Palakkad, Kerala, List of Villages & Towns in Palakkad Taluk |url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/kerala/palakkad/palakkad-population.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Censusindia2011.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pin Code: KONGAD, PALAKKAD, KERALA, India, Pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/KERALA/PALAKKAD/K/KONGAD |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=pincode.net.in}}</ref> It is a local government organisation that serves the villages of [[Kongad-I]] and [[Kongad-II]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224737&rlbtype=V |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040127/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224737&rlbtype=V |archive-date=6 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kongad is located about 18 km from the district headquarters [[Palakkad]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}