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Mehsi, Bihar

2026-05-08T17:37:01Z

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{{short description|Town in East Champaran district, Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mehsi
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| perrow = 2/2/2/2
| image1 = Forest, Bhimalpur.jpg
| caption1 = Forest, Bhimalpur <ref name="ECForest">{{cite web |title=Forest |url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/service-category/forest/ |website=An Official Website of East Champaran, Motihari |publisher=District Administration East Champaran |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>
| image2 = Mirza Halim Shah Dargah Mehsi.jpg
| caption2 = Data Mirza Halim Shah <ref>
DargahInfo. "Hazrat Data Mirza Abdul Halim Shah (R.A) Dargah Details – Mehsi, East Champaran, Bihar".
https://www.dargahinfo.com/DargahDetails.aspx?DargahID=311
Accessed 2026.
</ref>
| image3 = Mehsi railway station signage view.jpg
| caption3 = [[Mehsi railway station]] <ref>
India Rail Info – Mehsi Railway Station Data
https://indiarailinfo.com
</ref>
| image4 = Bus Stand Mehsi.jpg
| caption4 = Mehsi Bus Stand <ref>
redBus. "Mehsi Bus Ticket Booking – Bus routes and schedules from Mehsi".
https://www.redbus.in/buses/mehsi-bus-tickets
Accessed 2026.
</ref>
| image5 = PHC Hospital Mehsi.jpg
| caption5 = Primary Health Centre (PHC), <ref>
District Administration East Champaran (Government of Bihar). "Primary Health Centre Mehsi – Public Utility Information".
https://eastchamparan.nic.in/public-utility/primary-health-centre-mehsi/
Accessed 2026.
</ref>
| image6 = Litchi chinensis fruits.JPG
| caption6 = Litchi Orchards of Mehsi <ref>
Live Hindustan (Hindustan). "Sweet Royal Lychee production thrives in Mehsi, Bihar".
https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/motihari/story-sweet-royal-lychee-production-thrives-in-mehsi-bihar-201749320503945.html
Accessed 2026.
</ref>
}}
| map_alt = Mehsi location map
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates =
{{coord|26.356807|85.117144|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tirhut division]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Mirza Halim Shah (R.A)
| named_for = Mahesh Ray
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_blank1_title = City
| area_blank1_km2 = 14.3<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801291-mehsi-bihar.html
| title = Mehsi Town Census 2011 Data
| website = Census2011.co.in
| access-date = 8 May 2026
}}</ref>
| area_blank2_title = [[Regional planning]]
| area_blank2_km2 = 35.78
| elevation_m = 64
| population_total = 46,000+<ref name="same_source">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801291-mehsi-bihar.html
|title=Mehsi Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011
|website=Census2011.co.in
|access-date=6 May 2026
}}</ref> (town)<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801291-mehsi-bihar.html
|title=Mehsi Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011
|website=Census2011.co.in
|access-date=6 May 2026
}}</ref>
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Mehsiwashi
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 845426<ref name="citypopulation_mehsi">{{Cite web
| url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/bihar/purba_champaran/1002x801291__mehsi/
| title = Mehsi (Purba Champaran, Bihar) – Population Statistics
| website = CityPopulation.de
| publisher = City Population
| access-date = 6 May 2026
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincodeinfo.online/Bihar/Purbi_Champaran/Mehsi|title= Mehsi Pin Code|website=pincodeinfo.online}}</ref>, 845406<ref name="citypopulation_mehsi_block">{{Cite web
| url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/bihar/admin/purba_champaran/01057__mehsi/
| title = Mehsi – Community Development Block Population
| website = CityPopulation.de
| publisher = City Population
| access-date = 6 May 2026
}}</ref>
| area_code = 06257
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| registration_plate = BR05
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Neighbourhood|Neighbors]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = Forest, Bhimalpur) <ref name="JagranGandakBP">{{cite web |title=उत्तर बिहार का पहला पर्यटनस्थल बनेगा बायोडायवर्सिटी पार्क भीमलपुर जंगल |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/east-champaran-biodiversity-park-bhimalpur-jungle-will-become-the-first-tourist-destination-of-north-bihar-22904150.html |website=Dainik Jagran |publisher=Jagran News |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>
| seat_type =
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = 1000/889 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 51.88%
| parts_type = [[Subdivision of India|Subdivision]]
| parts_style = para
| blank5_name_sec1 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{convert|42|°C|°F}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|3. Purvi Champaran]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Pipra, Purvi Champaran (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pipra, Mehsi]]
| website = {{URL|eastchamparan.bih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mehsi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|h|s|i}}; pronunciation: '''Mayh-see''')<ref name="pron">{{Cite web
| url = https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mehsi
| title = Mehsi – Pronunciation guide
| website = Wiktionary
| access-date = 6 May 2026
}}</ref> is a town and a notified area<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of India: Mehsi Town Details |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/ |website=Census of India |access-date=17 April 2026}}</ref> in the [[East Champaran district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]<ref>{{cite web
|title=Mehsi Town Details
|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/
|website=Census of India
|publisher=Government of India
|access-date=17 April 2026
}}</ref>. It is situated in the [[Tirhut division]] and lies in the plains of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Mehsi is part of the [[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|3. Purvi Champaran]]. Situated at the border of [[Sheohar district]], [[Muzaffarpur district]].<ref name="I9">"Mehsi in India", India9.com, 30 June 2005, web: [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mehsi-74380.htm i9-Mehsi].</ref> and Mehsi is the largest fruit business hub in [[North Bihar]] and [[pearl]] [[Button]] business place in Mehsi which is famous all over the world.<ref name="mehsi/city">{{Cite web |title=Mehsi Button Industry {{!}} An Official Website of East Champaran, Motihari {{!}} India |url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/mehsi-button-industry/ |access-date=2023-03-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Mehsi is historically regarded as the "Gateway of Champaran", serving as an important entry point into the [[Champaran]] [[region]] from Muzaffarpur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mehsi Town Details |url=https://censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
The town holds significance in the Indian independence movement. On 15 April 1917, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] arrived in Champaran for the [[Champaran Satyagraha]] and received a public welcome at [[Mehsi railway station]] before proceeding towards Motihari.<ref>{{cite book |title=Champaran Satyagraha |author=Government of Bihar}}</ref>
Mehsi is also known for its pearl button industry, which began in 1905 when oyster shell-based button production was initiated locally. The industry expanded significantly during the early 20th century and contributed to the regional economy.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Impact of Pollution of River Burhi Gandak on Industry |journal=Zoological Survey of India}}</ref>.

== Climate ==
Mehsi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with hot summers, a monsoon season, and cool winters. Summers are typically hot and humid, while winters are relatively cool and dry. Temperatures can reach above {{cvt|42|C}} in summer, while winter temperatures may drop close to {{cvt|1|C}}.

{{Weather box
| location = Mehsi (1998–2024)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto

| Jan record high C = 33.6
| Feb record high C = 34.2
| Mar record high C = 39.2
| Apr record high C = 41.8
| May record high C = 42.2
| Jun record high C = 42.6
| Jul record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 38.6
| Sep record high C = 38.6
| Oct record high C = 37.2
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 34.2

| Jan high C = 20.8
| Feb high C = 25.6
| Mar high C = 31.4
| Apr high C = 34.0
| May high C = 34.0
| Jun high C = 33.8
| Jul high C = 32.7
| Aug high C = 33.1
| Sep high C = 32.9
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 25.2
| year high C = 30.6

| Jan low C = 9.9
| Feb low C = 13.3
| Mar low C = 16.8
| Apr low C = 20.4
| May low C = 22.7
| Jun low C = 24.5
| Jul low C = 25.1
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 25.5
| Oct low C = 22.9
| Nov low C = 16.3
| Dec low C = 11.8
| year low C = 19.7

| Jan record low C = 1.0
| Feb record low C = 5.2
| Mar record low C = 7.0
| Apr record low C = 12.0
| May record low C = 14.0
| Jun record low C = 15.0
| Jul record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 11.4
| Sep record low C = 15.0
| Oct record low C = 12.0
| Nov record low C = 7.6
| Dec record low C = 4.0

| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 9.1
| Feb rain mm = 11.2
| Mar rain mm = 15.7
| Apr rain mm = 49.6
| May rain mm = 137.5
| Jun rain mm = 269.3
| Jul rain mm = 452.1
| Aug rain mm = 339.9
| Sep rain mm = 226.4
| Oct rain mm = 60.0
| Nov rain mm = 1.6
| Dec rain mm = 0.7
| year rain mm = 1573.2

| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 1.2
| Apr rain days = 3.3
| May rain days = 7.0
| Jun rain days = 11.1
| Jul rain days = 12.0
| Aug rain days = 12.4
| Sep rain days = 9.1
| Oct rain days = 2.5
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 60.9

| Jan humidity = 79
| Feb humidity = 72
| Mar humidity = 64
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 77
| Sep humidity = 78
| Oct humidity = 75
| Nov humidity = 73
| Dec humidity = 77
| year humidity = 74

| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India (1991–2020)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref>
}}

== Economy ==
Mehsi is known for its local trade and agricultural activities. The town has historically been associated with fruit trading and the [[pearl]] [[button]] industry, which contributed to the local economy. Small markets and retail shops serve nearby villages and rural areas.<ref name="mehsi/city"/>

==Geography==
Mehsi is located at {{Coord|26.357696|N|85.1133|E|format=dms|}}
It is situated at the bank of [[Budhi Gandak]] river, about 41 km Southeast from Motihari town (District headquarter), at the [[border]] of East Champaran districts and Muzaffarpur district.

===Panchayats===
[[Gram panchayat|Panchayats]] in Mehsi <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.brandbihar.com/english/districts/Eastchamparan/Eastchamparan_Mehsi.html |title = Mehsi Block |work = Blocks of East Champaran| publisher = brandbihar.com |accessdate = 2011-02-07 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130807032228/http://www.brandbihar.com/english/districts/Eastchamparan/Eastchamparan_Mehsi.html |archivedate = 2013-08-07 }}</ref> [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] area:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Village !! Gram Panchayat !! Nearest Town
|-
| Abdia || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Ahibaran Chhapra || Muhamadpur || Mehsi (16 km)
|-
|Bahadurpur || N/A || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Bairiya || Mirjapur || Mehsi
|-
|Bakhri || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (25 km)
|-
|Bakhri Nazir || Bakhari || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Bala Tola || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (24 km)
|-
|Barharwa || Mirjapur || Mehsi (8 km)
|-
|Bariara || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Barkurwa || Rajepur || Mehsi (12 km)
|-
|Bathna || Bakhari || Mehsi (2 km)
|-
|Bhagwatia || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (16 km)
|-
|Bhatauliya || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (3 km)
|-
|Bhimalpur || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (8 km)
|-
|Bhualidih || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (12 km)
|-
|Bhurukurwa || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (23 km)
|-
|Birit Kunawa || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Bishambharpur Pahari || Partapur || Mehsi (2 km)
|-
|Bishunpur Bara || Partapur || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Bulaki Tola || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (25 km)
|-
|Chak Abdul Ghani || Mirjapur || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Chak Dagraha || Partapur || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chak Fatehullah || Kathia Hariram || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chak Ghariyali || Mirjapur || Mehsi
|-
|Chak Lahuran || Kathia Hariram || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Chak Mashruf Urf Mahamada || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Chak Nagri || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chak Rasul || Kathia Hariram || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chak Rauze Shamshuddin || Bakhari || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chak Saiyad Mahmud || Bakhari || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Chauriya || Partapur || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Chhapra Bahbal || Katahan || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Chintamanpur || Katahan || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Dagraha || Partapur || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Damodarpur || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (2 km)
|-
|Dewajitpur || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Dharhgawan || N/A || Mehsi (3 km)
|-
|Dheluaha || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Dhothra || Nonimal || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Fatehpur || Nonimal || Mehsi (22 km)
|-
|Galimpur || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (24 km)
|-
|Hardo Patti || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Harpur Nankar || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Harpurnag || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Hasanpur Ahmad || Bakhari || Mehsi (3 km)
|-
|Ibrahimppur || Mirjapur || Mehsi (2 km)
|-
|Imilia || Nonimal || Mehsi
|-
|Ismaila || Katahan|| Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Jhitkahia || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (13 km)
|-
|Kaleyanpur || Nonimal || Mehsi (25 km)
|-
|Kasba Gopal || Mirjapur || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Kashi Pakri || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Katha || Katahan || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Koirgawan || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (23 km)
|-
|Kothia Hariram || Kathia Hariram || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Kuawa || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Madhopur Kesho || Rajepur || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Madhopur Phulwaria || Rajepur || Mehsi (12 km)
|-
|Madhubani || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (8 km)
|-
|Mahamda || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (3 km)
|-
|Mahammadpur Malik || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Mahuabad || Partapur || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Main Mehsi || Katahan || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Majhauliya || Partapur || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Manu Chak || Bhurkurwa || Mehsi (24 km)
|-
|Mathia || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Mithanpur Nand Lal || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Mithanpura || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (7 km)
|-
|Mohammadpur Majhaulia || Muhamadpur || Mehsi (14 km)
|-
|Mojahida || N/A || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Nankar Madhopur Kesho || Rajepur || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Nonimal || Nonimal || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Ojhilpur || Mirjapur || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Parsauni Dewajit || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Parsonia || Nonimal || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Partapur || Partapur || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Rajepur || Rajepur || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Rajua Bakhri || Bakhari || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Rampurwa || Mirjapur || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Rangrez Chhapra || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (4 km)
|-
|Rani Patti || Rajepur || Mehsi (12 km)
|-
|Sahbajia || Jhitkahiya || Mehsi (20 km)
|-
|Salemppur || Muhamadpur || Mehsi (15 km)
|-
|Saraiya Banwari || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (5 km)
|-
|Saray Kasim || Mirjapur || Mehsi
|-
|Semra || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (9 km)
|-
|Shah Nagar || N/A || Mehsi (6 km)
|-
|Sidhwalia || Muhamadpur || Mehsi (13 km)
|-
|Suleman Chhapra || Parsauni Dewajit || Mehsi (3 km)
|-
| Sulsabad || Harpur Nag || Mehsi (1 km)
|-
| Tajpur Bara || Bhimal Pur || Mehsi (6 km)
|}

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of [[India]], Mehsi had a population of about 25,995. The town consists of people from different cultural and religious communities. [[Methil]], [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] are commonly spoken languages in the region.

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Mehsi
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|52.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|47.29}}
{{bar percent|[[Christian]]|red|0.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Jains]]|pink|0.03}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.02}}
}}

== River ==
The perennial [[Budhi Gandak]] river flows near the town of Mehsi<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Begam |first1=Shama |last2=Khan |first2=R. A. |date=2002-12-01 |title=Impact of the Pollution of River Burhi Gandak on Plankton and Maicofauna at Mehsi, North Bihar Caused by Sugar Mills and Mother of Pearl Button Industries |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v100/i3-4/2002/159588 |journal=Records of the Zoological Survey of India |volume=100 |issue=3–4 |pages=85 |doi=10.26515/rzsi/v100/i3-4/2002/159588 |s2cid=251695899 |issn=2581-8686|doi-access=free }}</ref> which is a tributary of the Ganga river.

==Transportation==

=== Railways ===
Mehsi town, through railway, is directly connected to the major Indian cities like – [[Patna]], [[Varanasi]], [[Haridwar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Dehradun]], [[Allahabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bhopal]], [[Amritsar]], [[Guwahati]], [[Lucknow]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Kanpur]], [[Ranchi]], [[Raipur]], [[Nagpur]], [[Hyderabad]] etc.
[[Mehsi railway station]] is situated on [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]] under the [[Samastipur railway division]] of [[East Central Railway zone]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mehsi Railway Station Forum/Discussion - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/mehsi-mai/920|access-date=2021-09-16|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
It is also the closest railway station to [[Kesaria stupa]], a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] pilgrimage site, and is on [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]] under the [[Samastipur railway division]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Map/Atlas ECR/East Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mehsi-caa/561|access-date=2021-09-15|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Station (MAI) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/mehsi-mai-station|access-date=2021-09-15|website=ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Air ===
The nearest airport is [[Darbhanga Airport]].<ref name="I9"/> and Patna Airport.
*[[Patna Airport]] is {{convert|97|km|mi|sigfig=1}} from Mehsi and about {{convert|1.4|km|mi|sigfig=1}} from [[Mehsi railway station]]

=== Road ===
India's 2nd Longest National Highway, [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH-27]], passes through Mehsi.

*Buses have been introduced by the [[BSTDC]] between [[Patna]] and [[Motihari]], [[Bettiah]], [[Raxaul]], [[Bairgania]], [[Sheohar]] via [[Mehsi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BSTDC halts AC Bus Services to Mehsi devoid of Passengers |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/08/bstdc-halts-ac-bus-services-for-Mehsi-devoid-of-passengers/ |access-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809172703/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/08/bstdc-halts-ac-bus-services-for-bodhgaya-devoid-of-passengers/ |archive-date=9 August 2013}}</ref>
*A special caravan service called Wonder on Wheel, between Patna and Kesariya, Mehsi, has been introduced by the Bihar Tourism Department.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar launches Tourist Caravan Service called Wonder on Wheel |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/04/bihar-launches-tourist-caravan-called-wonder-on-wheel/ |work=The Biharprabha News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501071627/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/04/bihar-launches-tourist-caravan-called-wonder-on-wheel/ |archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref>
*Mehsi has restricted the use of [[auto rickshaw]]s, cars, and buses to make the site more peaceful. A permit is required to use cars or buses, and the only taxi available is an [[electric rickshaw]] that is mostly noiseless.

== Media ==

Major Hindi-language newspapers circulated in Mehsi include ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]'', ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'', and ''[[Prabhat Khabar]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://eastchamparan.bih.nic.in.html District Administration Website]
*{{Cite journal |last1=Begam |first1=Shama |last2=Khan |first2=R. A. |date=2002-12-01 |title=Impact of the Pollution of River Burhi Gandak on Plankton and Maicofauna at Mehsi, North Bihar Caused by Sugar Mills and Mother of Pearl Button Industries |journal=Records of the Zoological Survey of India |volume=100 |issue=3–4 |pages=85 |doi=10.26515/rzsi/v100/i3-4/2002/159588 |issn=2581-8686|doi-access=free }}

{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in East Champaran district]]

Karl Harrington Potter

2026-05-04T19:29:13Z

MochenKitche: Data.

{{Short description|American writer, academic and Indologist (1927–2022)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karl Harrington Potter
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|08|19}}
| birth_place = [[Oakland, California]], U.S.
| death_date = January 11, 2022 (aged 94)
| death_place = [[Lake Forest Park, Washington]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Indology|Indologist]]
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents = George Reuben Potter, Mabel Harrington
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2011)
}}

'''Karl Harrington Potter''' (August 19, 1927 – January 11, 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Harrington Potter (19 August 1927 – 11 January 2022) {{!}} H-Asia {{!}} H-Net |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/22055/discussions/9707694/karl-harrington-potter-19-august-1927-11-january-2022 |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=networks.h-net.org}}</ref>) was an American-born writer, academic, and [[Indologist]],<ref name="Gulf News">{{cite web | url=http://m.gulfnews.com/news/world/india/brajesh-mishra-azim-premji-in-list-of-128-padma-winners-1.752108 | title=Gulf News | publisher=Gulf News | date=January 26, 2011 | access-date=November 28, 2014}}</ref> from the [[University of Washington]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/president-presents-first-set-of-padma-awards/article1568890.ece | title=The Hindu | date=March 26, 2011 | access-date=November 28, 2014| last1=Sunderarajan | first1=P. }}</ref> He studied at the [[University of California]],<ref name="Register - University of California, Volume 2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQA5AQAAMAAJ&q=%22Karl+Harrington+Potter%22&pg=RA2-PA97 | title=Register - University of California, Volume 2 | publisher=University of California Press | author=University of California | year=1949}}</ref> as well as [[Harvard University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phil.washington.edu/people/karl-h-potter|title=Karl H. Potter | Department of Philosophy | University of Washington}}</ref> and is known for his writings on [[Indian philosophy]].

Potter has served as a professor, of the department of Philosophy and South Asian Studies at the University of Washington.<ref>Douglas Daye (1979), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1398564 Review: Indian Metaphysics and Epistemology: The Tradition of Nyāya-Vaiśesika up to Gaṅgeśa by Karl H. Potter], Philosophy East and West, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Apr. 1979), pp. 245–247</ref> He has been called an eminent scholar by his peers.<ref>[[Mikel Burley]] (2015), Rebirth and the Stream of Life: A Philosophical Study of Reincarnation, Karma and Ethics, Bloomsbury Academic, {{ISBN|978-1628922264}}, p. 136.</ref>

He is credited with a number of books on the topic.<ref name="Profile on WorldCat">{{cite book | title=Profile on WorldCat | publisher=WorldCat | date=2014 |oclc = 91697}}</ref><ref name="The Philosophy of the Grammarians">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfQknQEACAAJ | title=The Philosophy of the Grammarians | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | author=Harold G. Coward, Karl Harrington Potter | year=2008 | pages=609 | isbn=9788120803077}}</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq_OoAEACAAJ | title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | author=Karl Harrington Potter | year=2009 | pages=705}}</ref><ref name="Presuppositions of India's Philosophies">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wHvGnQEACAAJ | title=Presuppositions of India's Philosophies | publisher=Prentice Hall of India Pvt Limited | author=Karl Harrington Potter | year=1965 | pages=276}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] honored Potter in 2011 with the fourth highest civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2014 |access-date=November 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=October 15, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Calif. Scientist Among Expats Named for Padma Shri">{{cite journal | url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/58714769/calif-scientist-among-expats-named-padma-shri | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206005317/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/58714769/calif-scientist-among-expats-named-padma-shri | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 6, 2014 | title=Calif. Scientist Among Expats Named for Padma Shri | author=Newspaper | journal=Newspaper |date=February 2011 | volume=36 | issue=11 | pages=34}}</ref> Potter died in January 2022, at the age of 94.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phil.washington.edu/news/2022/01/21/remembering-emeritus-professor-karl-potter|title=Remembering Emeritus Professor Karl Potter|website=phil.washington.edu}}</ref>

==Selected works==
; Monographs
* {{cite book | author=Harold G. Coward, Karl H. Potter | title=The Philosophy of the Grammarians | place=Delhi | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | year=2008 | isbn=9788120803077}}
* {{cite book | author=Karl H. Potter | title=Presuppositions of India's Philosophies | publisher=Prentice Hall of India | year=1965}}

; Bibliography
* ''BIBLIOGRAPHY OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHIES'' - published [https://web.archive.org/web/20000930083221/http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/old_index.html online] after three printed editions as volume I of the ''Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies'' (see below): 1st edition 1970; 2nd revised 1983; 3rd revised 1995), updated at least twice a year since 1996, new interface of the website since March 2000, during the last years a joint effort with a group of assistants. Last edition 15.04.2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104439/http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/home.htm Internet Archive copy].

; General editor
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-surname=Potter |editor-given=Karl H. |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies |place=Delhi |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |year=1970–2019 |volume=1–25}}, now (2023) distributed by Exotic India Art. See the full list of volumes [https://web.archive.org/web/20210518010515/https://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/encyclo.html at Potter's website, up till August 2019], and [https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/encyclopedia-of-indian-philosophies-set-of-26-books-nal124/ at the publisher's website].

==See also==
* [[Indian philosophy]]
* [[Indology]]
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210508162741/https://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/home.htm ''Bibliography on Indian Philosophies''] - version without diacritical marks, complete, dated 15.04.2020, probably the last one uploaded by K.Potter to Internet (archived by the Wayback Machine of the Internet Archive on 08.05.2021, accessed 03.04.2023). Version with full diacritical marks, linked therefrom, is unfortunately incomplete - some sections are as old as of 2017.
* {{cite book | title=Profile on WorldCat | publisher=WorldCat | date=2014 |oclc = 91697}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Potter, Karl Harrington}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American Indologists]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:University of Washington faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Oakland, California]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Beohari Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T04:58:42Z

MochenKitche: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Coord|24|1|25.1|N|81|22|43.2|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Beohari
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 83
| map_image = 83-Beohari.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sidhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sidhi]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Sharad Juglal Kol]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Rampal Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Rampal Singh]]
| electors = 278,477
}}
'''Beohari''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="Beohari">{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=State Assembly List of Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|date=2008|access-date=31 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Vindhya Pradesh]] state.<ref name="General Elections of VP 1951">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|title=General Elections of VP 1951|publisher=Election Commission Of India|date=2004}}</ref> It remained double-member until general elections of 1957 after the merge of [[Vindhya Pradesh]] into [[Madhya Pradesh]], however it became single-member seat in the general elections of 1962 of Madhya Pradesh.

==Overview==
Beohari Assembly constituency (constituency number 83) covers the entire Beohari tehsil, [[Deolond]] nagar panchayat and part of [[Jaisinghnagar]] tehsil of the [[Shahdol district]]. This constituency is a part of [[Sidhi Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

=== Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Namel
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Ram Kishore Shukla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/beohari.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ram Kishore Shukla]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Ramgopal Gupta
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Baijnath Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Kishore Shukla]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Lavkesh Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Ram Kishore Shukla]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan="2" |Lavkesh Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Bali Singh Maravi
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Rampal Singh (INC politician)|Rampal Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Sharad Juglal Kol]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Beohari<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sharad Juglal Kol]]
|votes = {{formatnum:102816}}
|percentage = 49.09
|change = +8.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ramlakhan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:76334}}
|percentage = 36.44
|change = +16.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Purushottam Singh Maravi
|votes = {{formatnum:21279}}
|percentage = 10.16
|change = -13.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sapaks Party
|candidate = Devideen Baiga
|votes = {{formatnum:3231}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peoples Party Of India (Democratic)
|candidate = Ramdarash Majhi
|votes = {{formatnum:1993}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3800}}
|percentage = 1.81
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26482}}
|percentage = 12.65
|change = -4.39
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:209453}}
|percentage = 75.21
|change = -0.4
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Beohari<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sharad Juglal Kol]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:78007}}
|percentage = 40.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Tej Pratap Singh Uikey
|votes = {{formatnum:45557}}
|percentage = 23.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rampal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:38557}}
|percentage = 20.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ram Vishal Kol
|votes = {{formatnum:5004}}
|percentage = 2.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Ajeet Kumar (Ashok)
|votes = {{formatnum:4930}}
|percentage = 2.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sapaks Party
|candidate = Devideen Baiga
|votes = {{formatnum:3151}}
|percentage = 1.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Dashrath Singh Maravi
|votes = {{formatnum:2549}}
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Keshav Kol
|votes = {{formatnum:2317}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party
|candidate = Gopal Singh Netam
|votes = {{formatnum:2252}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4474}}
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32450}}
|percentage = 17.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190465}}
|percentage = 75.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Beohari]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Beohari]]
[[Category:Shahdol district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Kerala Literature Festival

2026-05-02T08:59:56Z

MochenKitche: Starting.

{{Short description|Annual literary festival held on the beaches of Kozhikode, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Kerala Literature Festival
| logo = KLF Logo 2026.jpg
| caption = Kerala Literature Festival
| frequency = Annual
| location = [[Kozhikode Beach]], Kerala, India
| country = India
| years_active = 2016–present
| prev = January 22 – January 25, 2026
| next = January 21 – January 24, 2027
| patron = DC Kizhakkemuri Foundation
| dates = 22 to 25 Jan, 2026
| genre = [[Literary festival]]
| website = http://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/
}}
'''Kerala Literature Festival''' (KLF), founded in 2016, is an annual [[literary festival]] held on the beaches of [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India.
The 9th and the latest edition of KLF was held from January 22–25, 2026. Kerala Literature Festival is organized by the [[DC Kizhakemuri Foundation]], a philanthropic organization founded in 2001 as a tribute to late [[D.C. Kizhakemuri]] , a freedom fighter, social activist, writer, and publisher. He was instrumental in the abolishment of sales tax on books. Kerala Literature Festival (KLF) is endorsed and supported by the [[Government of Kerala]], [[Tourism in Kerala|Kerala Tourism]] , and Culture Department.
Renowned poet – critic Prof. [[K. Satchidanandan]] is the Festival Director along with Publisher Ravi Deecee of [[DC Books]] is the Chief Facilitator. The editorial team of DC Books works closely with KLF on the content.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-literature-festival-to-be-held-in-kozhikode-from-january-12-2023/article65721709.ece | title=Kerala Literature Festival to be held in Kozhikode from January 12, 2023 | newspaper=The Hindu | date=3 August 2022 }}</ref>

== History, timeline ==
'''KLF 2026'''

The 9th edition of KLF took place from January 22nd to 25th, with [[Sunita Williams]] inaugurating the event. The speakers for the year included [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]], [[Abhijit Banerjee]], [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Manu S. Pillai]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Kiran Desai]], [[Romila Thapar]] among others. [[Salman Rushdie]] joined for an online speaker session.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varughese |first=Julie Merin |date=2026-01-22 |title=Astronaut Sunita Williams inaugurates Kerala Literature Festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/astronaut-sunita-williams-kozhikode-kerala-literature-festival-2026/article70536814.ece |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KLF 2026 KLF {{!}} Kerala Lit Fest {{!}} Literature Festival {{!}} Literary Festival 2026 |url=https://keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=keralaliteraturefestival.com}}</ref>

=== KLF 2025 ===
The 8th edition of the Kerala Literature Festival (KLF) took place from January 23–26, 2025, across four days of with 520 speakers, an audience of 500000, 330 insightful sessions, and seven venues, KLF 2025 brought literature, ideas, and culture to life like never before.

=== KLF 2024 ===
The 7th edition of KLF was held from January 11–15, 2024. More than 500 writers around the globe took part in the event.

=== KLF 2023 ===
The sixth edition of KLF was scheduled from 12- 15 January 2023. The festival returned to the beaches of Calicut after a two-year hiatus due to the Covid-19 pandemic and was a grand celebration. KLF hosted Nobel Laureates, Oscar winners, Booker Prize recipients and other literary luminaries and celebrities from across the world. More than 400 speakers including bestselling writer [[Jeffrey Archer]], Nobel laureates [[Abhijit Banerjee]] and [[Ada Yonath]], [[Piyush Pandey]], [[Francesc Miralles]], [[Geetanjali Shree|Geethanjali Shree]], [[Wendy Doniger]], [[Ramachandra Guha]], [[Palanivel Thiagarajan]], [[Sanjeev Sanyal]], [[Anand Neelakantan]], [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Manu S. Pillai]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Shobhaa De]] took part in KLF 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/travel/kerala-literature-festival-to-be-held-from-january-12-to-15-news-213960 | title=Kerala Literature Festival to be Held from January 12 to 15 | date=3 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.travelandleisureindia.in/insight/what-you-need-to-know/sixth-edition-of-kerala-literature-festival-to-be-held-in-2023/ | title=The Sixth Edition of Kerala Literature Festival to be Held in January 2023 | date=4 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/kerala-literature-festival-is-set-to-return-in-january-2023/ | title=Kerala Literature Festival is set to return in January 2023 | date=4 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/kerala-literature-festival-to-be-back-in-january-2023/articleshow/93361399.cms | title=Kerala Literature Festival to be back in January 2023 | newspaper=TimesOfIndia |date=4 August 2022 }}</ref>

=== e KLF 2021 ===
Asia's first e literature festival<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Poetry meet to kick off e-Kerala literature fest on Friday |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/poetry-meet-to-kick-off-e-kerala-literature-fest-on-friday-7332940/ |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>, E-KLF 2021 virtual festival was a step towards building international relations during the devastating pandemic. The digital edition also witnessed an International Poetry Festival with over 50 poets from more than 10 countries including Palestine, Israel, South Africa, Italy, United States of America, Ireland. The sessions were premiered on [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]] pages.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://keralaliteraturefestival.com/news_more.aspx?id=MjIyNw==&year=2021 | title=E KLF 2021, Malayalam sessions to begin on Saturday at 7.30 pm|KLF-2021 }}</ref>

=== KLF 2020 ===
The fifth edition was held from 16 to 19 January 2020, at [[Kozhikode Beach]], with the presence of artists, actors, celebrities, writers, thinkers, and activists, discussing literature, art, cinema, culture, dance, music, environment, science, and technology. Cultural nights include fireside chats by acts and performing artists from around the world. Speakers at the previous editions include [[Arundhati Roy]], [[Richard Stallman]], [[Noam Chomsky]] (Video), [[Yuval Noah Harari]] (Video), [[Jaggi Vasudev|Sadhguru]], [[Romila Thapar]], [[Ramachandra Guha]], [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Rakesh Sharma]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Chetan Bhagat]]h, [[Karan Thapar]], [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], [[Shobhaa De|Sobhaa De]] and [[Sagarika Ghose]]. In addition to literature, topics include environment and climate change. Spain was the guest nation, and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] literature was featured. The festival is open to the public and is non-exclusive and an open platform for discussions and idea exchanges.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dcbooks.com/kerala-literature-festival-2020-begins-today.html/klf-2020-3 | title=KLF-2020- | DC Books | date=16 January 2020 }}</ref>

=== KLF 2019 ===
The fourth edition of the festival was held from 10 to 13 January 2019, at [[Kozhikode Beach]] with 500 + renowned authors, discussions, poetry festival, music, dance, movie screenings and photo exhibitions. Wales was chosen as the guest nation.
Set in five tracks- ''Ezhuthola'', ''Aksharam'', ''Thulika'', ''Vaaku'', ''Vellithira''. Kijote Kathakali by Ignacio Garcia, Sufi Rock Outfit Alif featuring [[Ulrike Almut Sandig]], Russian Music & Dance, Concert by [[L. Subramaniam|L Subramaniam]], Steffan Donnely performed a bilingual piece of contemporary theater, Qawwali night by Mystic Sufiana Mehfil were some of the defining moments of KLF 2019. [[Richard Stallman]], [[Yuval Noah Harari|Yuval Noah Harrari]], [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Satish Alekar|Satish Aalekar]], [[Keki N. Daruwalla|Keki Daruwala]], [[Chetan Bhagat]], [[Caryl Lewis]], [[Ravinder Singh (author)|Ravinder Singh]] [[Jeet Thayil]] attended the festival.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/curtain-down-on-literature-fete/article22724685.ece|title=Curtain down on literature fete|newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 February 2018|publisher=|accessdate=27 February 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

=== KLF 2018 ===
The third edition of the festival was held from 8–11 February 2018, at Kozhikode Beach. KLF 2018 was inaugurated by [[Arundhati Roy]], MT Vasudevan Nair and Prakash Raj. The event was supported by the Kerala State Government and the Kerala Tourism Department, and by the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation and the district administration. The [http://kochimuzirisbiennale.org/ Kochi Muziris Biennale] was an integral part of the festival. Guest nation for the year was Ireland (represented by [[Gabriel Rosenstock]], Paddy Bushe, Liam Carson, [[Alan Titley]], Amanda Bell, and [[Conor Kostick]]).
[[Romila Thapar]], [[Ashis Nandy]], [[Sagarika Ghose]], [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Rishi Kapoor]] participated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/060217/second-edition-of-kerala-literature-festival-concludes.html|title=Second edition of Kerala Literature Festival concludes- Deccan Chronicle|date=6 February 2017 |publisher=}}</ref>

=== KLF 2017 ===
The second edition of Kerala Literature Festival was held from 2–5 February 2017, at Kozhikode Beach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-literature-festival-klf-2017-there-something-everyone-set-begin-february-2-711048/|title=Kerala Literature Festival (KLF) 2017 set to begin on February 2; there is something for everyone-International Business Times|website=[[International Business Times]] |date=5 January 2017 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/art-and-culture/kerala-literature-festival-to-begin-on-feb-2-to-5-kozhikode.html/|title=Kozhikode beckons lovers of letters – manorama online|publisher=}}</ref>

Noted [[Malayalam]] short story writer and novelist [[Paul Zacharia]] inaugurated KLF 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-significance-of-2nd-ker-lit-fest-exemplarybeyond-explanation-2308795/|title=Significance of 2nd Ker Lit Fest exemplary, beyond explanation- Daily News and Analysis|publisher=}}</ref> Highlight of KLF 2017 was the interaction between [[Sadguru jaggi vasudev]], [[Sashi Kumar]] and [[Manju Warrier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/030217/kerala-literature-fest-begins-in-kozhikode-today.html|title=Kerala Literature Fest begins in Kozhikode today- Deccan Chronicle|date=3 February 2017 |publisher=}}</ref> [[Cartoon]]s of [[O. V. Vijayan]] were also exhibited in 2017 Kerala Literature Festival.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/kerala-literature-festival-a-window-to-ov-vijayans-cartoons/articleshow/56983118.cms|title=Kerala Literature Festival: A window to OV Vijayan's cartoons- Times Of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 February 2017 |publisher=}}</ref> Over 300 writers from across the world took part in KLF 2017.The writers from abroad include South African writer [[Ari Sitas]], and British-Pakistani writer [[Qaisra Shahraz]], Slovene writer [[Evald Flisar]], translator and editor of numerous publications Alexandra Büchler of [http://www.lit-across-frontiers.org Literature Across Frontiers], Portuguese translator Bruno Viera Amaral and poet and literary curator Nia Davies from [[Wales]], United Kingdom.The sessions held in four venues titled Ezhuthola, Aksharam, Thulika, and Vellithira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20170129/3044821.html|title=Writers, activists from India, abroad to take part in Kerala Literature Festival- Web India|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com%7ctodays-paper%7ctp-national%7ctp-kerala%7cKerala-literature-fete-from-Thursday%7carticle17115527.ece |title=Kerala literature fete from Thursday- The Hindu |publisher= |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923150541/http://www.cmc.dk/ |archivedate=23 September 2010 }}</ref>

The second edition of the festival introduced a programme for students, 'Student KLF', promoting [[knowledge]], literature, art and culture. The event included open [[discussions]] with authors on contemporary topics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/Kerala-Litearture-Festival-draws-huge-crowds/article17145543.ece/|title=Kerala Litearture{{sic|hide=y}} Festival draws huge crowds- The Hindu|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 February 2017 |publisher=}}</ref>

=== KLF 2016 ===
[[DC Kizhakemuri Foundation]] first thought of a cultural space for people to interact and come together which was later conceptualized in 2016 as Kerala Literature Festival. At Calicut is a converging place of history, culture and trade. [[Vasco da Gama]], the great Portuguese [[explorer]] touched down the Indian subcontinent on the shores of the city. The Freedom Square, permanent venue of KLF was constructed by former [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] M Pradeep Kumar constructed the square. The architect's team, ''De- Earth'' led by P.P Vivek and Vinod Cyriac envisioned and designed the Square. The Freedom Square today ranks among the six world's must-see museums and was featured in ''Architecture Plus Design''.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dcbooks.com/klf-venue-the-freedom-square-ranks-among-six-worlds-must-see-museums.html | title=KLF Venue – the Freedom Square Ranks Among Six World's Must-See Museums | date=19 January 2022 }}</ref>

The festival aims to provide a non-aligned platform for cultural exchange and promotes free speech and dialogue. It brings writers, thinkers, and activists closer, to people of varied backgrounds and interests and empowers writers and thinkers to take the liberty to exercise freedom of thought and expression.
The first edition witnessed writers and speakers including [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair|M T Vasudevan Nair]], [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]], Anand, [[Taslima Nasrin]], Ashok Vajpeyi, [[Khadeeja Mumtaz]], [[M. Mukundan|M.Mukundan]], [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]], Githa Hariharan, [[Meena Kandasamy]], Pratibha Ray, [[T. D. Ramakrishnan|TD Ramakrishnan]], T Padmanabhan, Subhash Chandran, [[Leena Manimekalai]] , and Girish Kasaravalli, to name a few.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralaeditor.com/kerala-literature-festival-2016/|title=Kozhikode All Set For Kerala Literature Festival– Kerala Editor|publisher=}}</ref>

== Children’s Kerala Literature Festival ( CKLF ) ==
The '''Children’s Kerala Literature Festival (CKLF)''', organised in parallel with the Kerala Literature Festival, is a dynamic platform dedicated to nurturing a love for books and creativity among young minds. Hosted along the scenic coastline of Kozhikode, CKLF transforms literature into an immersive experience through thoughtfully curated storytelling sessions, interactive workshops, illustrator engagements, and masterclasses led by celebrated authors and artists from India and across the globe.

By bringing together voices from diverse literary traditions and international delegations, CKLF offers children meaningful exposure to global narratives and creative practices. The festival venue is carefully designed to be welcoming and child-centric, encouraging curiosity, imagination, and joyful exploration—making literature accessible, exciting, and memorable for young readers.

Access to selected sessions of the Children’s Kerala Literature Festival has been managed through structured ticketing and pre-registration systems to regulate attendance and ensure controlled entry.<ref>https://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines">
File:KLF 2026 speakers-1.jpg|alt=KLF 2026 speakers
File:KLF 2026 speakers-2.jpg|alt=KLF 2026 speakers
File:KLF 2025-1.jpg|klf 2025 session crowd
File:Keralaliteraturefestival 08697.JPG|M T Vasudevan Nair at KLF 2016
File:KLF-2016 09315.JPG|Anita Nair and K R Meera at KLF 2016
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Kerala Literature Festival}}

[[Category:Literary festivals in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kozhikode]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]

2016–2020 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections

2026-05-01T12:43:30Z

MochenKitche: new

{{Short description|none}}
During the timeframe of [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]], various by-elections were held for the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

The first by election was held in November 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-10-18|title=West Bengal bypolls on November 19, TMC names candidates|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-bypolls-on-november-19-tmc-names-candidates-lok-sabha-3088876/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==2016==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rowspan="2"|Assembly Constituency
! Colspan="3"|Winner
! Colspan="3"|Runner up
|-
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[Monteswar Assembly constituency|Monteswar]]
| Saikat Panja<ref name=":0" />
| bgcolor ={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| Md. Osman Gani Sarkar
| bgcolor ={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} |
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]]
|}

==2017==
By-elections were held for [[Kanthi Dakshin]] and [[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengal By-Election Result 2017: Trinamool's Chandrima Bhattacharya Wins Kanthi, BJP Comes Second|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bengal-by-election-result-2017-trinamool-retains-kanthi-bjp-comes-second-1680970|access-date=2020-10-02|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Bye-elections: TMC bags West Bengal's Sabang seat, BJP wins in Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh|url=https://scroll.in/latest/862615/bye-elections-tmc-bags-west-bengals-sabang-seat-bjp-leads-in-arunachal-pradesh-and-up|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Scroll.in|date=24 December 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rowspan="2"|Assembly Constituency
! Colspan="3"|Winner
! Colspan="3"|Runner up
|-
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency|Kanthi Dakshin]]
| [[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
| bgcolor ={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| Sourindra Mohan Jana
| bgcolor ={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| [[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]]
| Geeta Rani Bhunia
| bgcolor ={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| Rita Mandal (Jana)
| bgcolor ={{party color|Biplobi Bangla Congress}} |
| [[Biplobi Bangla Congress|BBC]]
|}

==2018==
By-election was held for [[Noapara Assembly constituency|Noapara]]. Both the seats were won by the TMC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WB by-poll: TMC wins Noapara seat|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/wb-by-poll-tmc-wins-noapara-seat201802011112380001/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref> and [[Maheshtala Assembly constituency|Maheshtala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taneja|first=Nidhi|date=2018-05-30|title=Maheshtala Assembly Bypoll Results: TMC registers huge win, beats nearest rival BJP by over 60,000 votes|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-maheshtala-assembly-bypoll-counting-live-updates-west-bengal-byelections-2018-results-live-streaming-444710|access-date=2020-10-02|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rowspan="2"|Assembly Constituency
! Colspan="3"|Winner
! Colspan="3"|Runner up
|-
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[Noapara Assembly constituency|Noapara]]
| Sunil Singh
| bgcolor ={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} |
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| Sandip Banerjee
| bgcolor ={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|[[Maheshtala Assembly constituency|Maheshtala]]
|Dulal Chandra Das
| bgcolor ={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}} |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Sujit Kumar Ghosh
| bgcolor ={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

==2019==
By-election was held for eight assembly constituencies alongside the [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal|2019 Lok Sabha election]]. BJP won four out of the eight seats, whereas AITC won three seats and INC won on one seat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-05-23|title=Saffron Surge in West Bengal Bypolls as Well, 4 out of 8 for BJP|url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/west-bengal-bypolls-saffron-surge-bjp-wins-four-out-of-eight|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702043610/https://www.thequint.com/elections/west-bengal-bypolls-saffron-surge-bjp-wins-four-out-of-eight |archive-date=2019-07-02 |access-date=2020-11-21|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Press Trust of India|date=May 24, 2020|title=BJP wins Darjeeling assembly bypolls, Congress bags Kandi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-wins-darjeeling-assembly-bypolls-congress-bags-kandi-1533259-2019-05-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129112501/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-wins-darjeeling-assembly-bypolls-congress-bags-kandi-1533259-2019-05-24 |archive-date=2020-11-29 |access-date=2020-11-21|website=India Today|location=Kolkata|language=en|publication-place=New Delhi}}</ref> Later [[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj]], [[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]] and [[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar]] were won by [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]] candidates.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-28|title=West Bengal, Uttarakhand bye-election results 2019 highlights: Clean sweep for TMC, BJP takes Pithoragarh|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/west-bengal-uttarakhand-bye-election-results-2019-live-updates-bjp-congress-tmc-left-6140064/|access-date=2020-11-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rowspan="2"|Assembly Constituency
! Colspan="3"|Winner
! Colspan="3"|Runner up
|-
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
! Candidate
! Colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Islampur]]
|[[Abdul Karim Chowdhury|Abdul Karim Chowdhary]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|Dr. Saumyaroop Mandal
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Darjeeling Assembly constituency|Darjeeling]]
|[[Neeraj Zimba]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Binay Tamang
|{{party color|Gorkha Janmukti Morcha}}|
|[[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]]
|-
|[[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur]]
|[[Joyel Murmu]]
|Amal Kisku
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[Naoda Assembly constituency|Naoda]]
|[[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|Sunil Kumar Mondal
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Kandi Assembly constituency|Kandi]]
|Shafiul Alam Khan
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Goutam Roy
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[Krishnaganj Assembly constituency|Krishnaganj]]
|[[Ashis Kumar Biswas]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Pramatha Ranjan Bose
|-
|[[Bhatpara Assembly constituency|Bhatpara]]
|[[Pawan Singh (politician)|Pawan Kumar Singh]]
|[[Madan Mitra]]
|-
|[[Uluberia Purba]]
|[[Idris Ali (politician)|Idris Ali]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|Pratyush Mandal
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]]
|[[Bimalendu Sinha Roy]]
|Jayprakash Majumdar
|-
|
[[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj]]
|[[Tapan Deb Singha]]
|Kamal Chandra Sarkar
|-
|[[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur]]
|[[Pradip Sarkar (West Bengal politician)|Pradip Sarkar]]
|Prem Chandra Jha
|}

==See also==
* [[2016–21 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2016-21 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections}}
[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal|By-election ]]
[[Category:By-elections in West Bengal]]

Katte (film)

2026-04-29T06:07:10Z

MochenKitche: Starting

{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Om Prakash Rao]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Om Prakash Rao
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = A. M. Umesh Reddy
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Nagashekar]]
*[[Chandan Kumar]]
*[[Shravya Rao]]
*[[Rukshar Dhillon]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = V. Ravikumar
| editing = Lakshman N. Reddy
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = Sri Renuka Movie Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|4|3|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Katte''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[political film|political]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[Om Prakash Rao]] and starring [[Nagashekar]], [[Chandan Kumar]], [[Shravya Rao]], and [[Rukshar Dhillon]] with [[Srinivasa Murthy]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] in supporting roles. The film is a remake of the 2013 Tamil-language film ''[[Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga]]''.<ref name="C"/>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Nagashekar]] as Nagu
*[[Chandan Kumar]] as Chandu
*[[Shravya Rao]] as Sandhya
*[[Rukshar Dhillon]] as Shanthi
*Geetha
*Ravitheja
*[[Om Prakash Rao]]
*[[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Chandu's father
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Nagu's father
*[[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]]
*Lakshman
*Danny
*Mico Nagaraj as Nethralaya Nagaraj
*Prashanth
*Mallesh
*[[Michael Madhu]]
}}

== Production==
[[Nagashekar]] plays a rural politician in the film.<ref name="TOI1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/nagashekhar-turns-politician-for-katte/articleshow/41420658.cms|title=Nagashekhar turns politician for Katte|date=1 September 2014|access-date=19 April 2026|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Om Prakash Rao's daughter [[Shravya Rao]] worked under him for the first time and played a [[girl next door]] and was paired opposite Nagashekar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Father-daughter duo to work together |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/father-daughter-duo-to-work-together-news-kannada-oh5jwKjefbddb.html |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152444/http://www.sify.com/movies/father-daughter-duo-to-work-together-news-kannada-oh5jwKjefbddb.html |archivedate=16 March 2018|access-date=19 April 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/catch-the-teams-of-katte-and-khaidi-on-maja-talkies/articleshow/46804894.cms|title=Catch the teams of Katte and Khaidi on Majaa Talkies|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 April 2015|access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/katte/movie-review/46815188.cms|title=Katte Movie Review|date=3 April 2015|first= G S |last=Kumar|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> [[Chandan Kumar]] and [[Rukshar Dhillon]] (credited as Vriksha) were paired opposite each other.<ref name="C"/> The film was shot in [[Srirangapatna]] and [[Melukote]].<ref name="TOI1"/><ref name="C"/> The shoot was completed in 38 days.<ref name="C">{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/5488-katte-remake-of-kedi-billa-khiladi-ranga.html|title=Katte Remake of Kedi Billa Khiladi Ranga|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|access-date=21 April 2026|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112175827/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/5488-katte-remake-of-kedi-billa-khiladi-ranga.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIZQ-iZAfB8|title=Katte {{!}} Audio Juke Box {{!}} Chandan {{!}} Nagshekhar {{!}} Shrvya {{!}} Rukshar {{!}} Geetha|date=19 December 2014|work=[[Anand Audio]]|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]], and it was released under the [[Anand Audio]] music label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/katte|title=Katte|work=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]|access-date=21 April 2026|date=2014}}</ref> [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] was the chief guest at the film's audio launch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/kattes-audio-released/articleshow/45561947.cms|title=Katte's audio released|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 December 2014|access-date=22 April 2026}}</ref>
| title1 = Devva Devva
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], S. A. Rajkumar
| length1 = 3:57
| title2 = Sanihake
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length2 = 4:21
| title3 = Venkteshwara
| lyrics3 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra3 = [[Suchitra]], Sujith Suresh
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = Saavira Daiva
| lyrics4 = [[K. Kalyan]]
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length4 = 4:27
| title5 = Kalla Kaakaro
| lyrics5 = Arasu Anthare
| extra5 = [[Haricharan (singer)|Haricharan]]
| length5 = 3:41
| total_length = 20:39
}}

== Reception ==
G S Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "A mediocre movie with no logic, ''Katte'' is like old wine in a new bottle".<ref name="TOI2"/> A critic from [[Sify]] wrote, "Overall, it's an entertaining comic tonic, advisable to watch only once".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/katte-review-review-kannada-pegtetdjjhbbf.html|title='Katte' Review|work=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406205341/https://www.sify.com/movies/katte-review-review-kannada-pegtetdjjhbbf.html|archive-date=6 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref> A critic from the ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "Watch ''Katte'', which evokes memories of late [[Shankar Nag]]’s ''[[Malgudi Days (TV series)|Malgudi Days]]'' with trains criss-crossing every frame".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/469845/a-paean-well-meaning-papas.html|title=A paean to well-meaning papas|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=4 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Prajavani]]'' wrote that instead of glorifying the hero, director Omprakash Rao has taken a different path to show that he is also an ordinary young man. The reviewer added that ''Katte'' does not go beyond the boundaries of being ordinary.<ref>{{Cite web|first=ಆನಂದತೀರ್ಥ |last=ಪ್ಯಾಟಿ|url=https://www.prajavani.net/cinema-review/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A6-%E2%80%98%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E2%80%99|title=ಸಡಿಲ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ‘ಕಟ್ಟೆ’|work=[[Prajavani]]|language=kn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404232058/https://www.prajavani.net/cinema-review/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A6-%E2%80%98%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E2%80%99|archive-date=4 April 2015|date=4 March 2015|access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref> A critic from ''Bharatstudent.com'' rated the film 2.5/5 and wrote, "Overall, the film has nothing new to offer but there were few good moments".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bharatstudent.com/review/5-2844/katte-movie-review|title=Katte Movie Review| Katte Movie Review Rating| Kannada Movie Reviews|website=Bharatstudent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711161625/https://www.bharatstudent.com/review/5-2844/katte-movie-review|archive-date=11 July 2015 |access-date=21 April 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13275938}}

{{Om Prakash Rao}}
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Om Prakash Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]

Meiyazhagan

2026-04-22T14:13:26Z

MochenKitche: Started A Post Initial Version

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by C. Prem Kumar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Meiyazhagan poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. Prem Kumar]]
| writer = C. Prem Kumar
| producer = [[Jyothika]] [[Suriya]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Karthi]]
* [[Arvind Swamy]]
}}
| cinematography = Mahendiran Jayaraju
| editing = R. Govindraj
| music = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| studio = [[2D Entertainment]]
| distributor = Sakthi Film Factory
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|09|27}}
| runtime = 178 minutes<ref name="BBFC" />
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Meiyazhagan''''' ({{Translation|The man with a beautiful soul}}){{Efn|Also the title character.}} is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]]<ref name="BBFC">{{Cite web |title=Meiyazhagan |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/meiyazhagan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0ntiw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241108034254/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/meiyazhagan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0ntiw |archive-date=8 November 2024 |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> written and directed by [[C. Prem Kumar]]. It is produced by [[Jyothika]] and [[Suriya]] under [[2D Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Karthi]] and [[Arvind Swamy]] in the lead roles alongside [[Rajkiran]], [[Sri Divya]], [[Devadarshini]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]], [[Ilavarasu]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] and [[Saran Shakthi]].

The film was officially announced in February 2023 under the tentative title ''Karthi 27'', as it is the actor's 27th film as a lead actor, and the official title was announced in the following May. [[Principal photography]] commenced in November 2023 and was predominantly shot in [[Chennai]] and [[Kodambakkam]] before [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapping]] by late-February 2024. The film has music composed by [[Govind Vasantha]], cinematography handled by Mahendiran Jayaraju and editing by R. Govindraj.

''Meiyazhagan'' released worldwide on 27 September 2024 to critical acclaim with praise for the lead performances (especially Karthi and Aravind Swamy), storyline, Govind Vasantha's background score, emotional scenes and Premkumar's screenplay and direction while there was minor criticism for its runtime. A 20-minute shorter version was released on [[Netflix]] which received equal praise.

== Plot ==
In 1996, Arulmozhi Varman "Arul" bids farewell to his hometown, [[Thanjavur]], after his ancestral house is partitioned amongst his relatives. Arul, his father Arivudai Nambi, a school teacher, his mother Valliyammal "Valli" and his older brother relocate to [[Chennai|Madras]] with a heavy heart.

Twenty-two years later, Arul's younger cousin, Bhuvaneshwari "Bhuvana", invites him to her wedding. Unable to decline, he plans to attend the reception in [[Needamangalam]], intending to depart immediately after the ceremony. He takes a train to Thanjavur and he visits his ancestral home, whose memories makes him nostalgic. Arul plans to purchase their rented residence in Chennai and shares the idea with his wife, Hema. During his bus journey to Needamangalam, Arul meets a bus conductor, Jagadeesan "Jaggu", a former student of his father, who drops Arul near the Needamangalam Railway gate, from where the marriage hall is nearby. At the venue, Arul reunites with his beloved maternal uncle Sudalamuthu, alias "Sokku Mama", who is overcome with emotion upon learning that his parents have not come. Arul becomes saddened by his cousin Latha's tale of her troubled marriage.

Arul meets an unfamiliar relative with a contagious, childlike smile and infectious enthusiasm who affectionately calls Arul "Athaan" ({{Translation|'Aunt's son/ Cousin' or 'elder sister's husband/ Brother-in-law'}}). Initially, Arul finds him bothersome, but the relative persists and speaks with Hema over the phone. Neither Arul nor Hema muster the courage to ask about his identity. Arul gifts Bhuvana, the bride, beautiful gold jewellery, and their heartfelt reunion touches everyone in the marriage hall. Bhuvana's groom, Giridharan, also acknowledges his affection for Arul. Despite Bhuvana's pleas, Arul clandestinely leaves the reception with the relative, intending to leave without attending the wedding. However, the relative delays Arul, making him miss his bus and convincing him to stay overnight; the relative invites Arul home.

Arul meets Nandhini, the relative's pregnant wife. After a shower, the men share beers. In the backyard, the relative proudly introduces Arul to his [[Kangayam cattle|Kangeyam bull]] named Dhoni, a veteran of [[Jallikattu]] competitions. Seeing him affectionately refer to the bull as his "son", Arul is surprised (seeing the affection in his heart for everyone). Arul discovers his old bicycle left behind in Thanjavur twenty years ago at the mysterious relative's house. The cycle holds sentimental value, as the relative's father, Santhanam, used it to sell [[sari]]s. It has also been their family's reliable mode of transportation, earning its place as a cherished "god" in their household. Arul is overjoyed to see his bicycle being meticulously maintained, and they both stroll to the [[Vennaaru River|Vennaaru]] dam. Nandhini's husband shares the news of his impending parenthood and plans to name their child Arulmozhi after his Athaan. This revelation further deepens Arul's emotional connection and guilt for not knowing his relative's name.

Upon returning home, Nandhini's husband requests Arul to forgive those who deceitfully grabbed his ancestral property. He asks Arul to finally address him by his name and bless his wife, unborn child and him before leaving the following morning. Arul, moved by his relative's selfless nature and overwhelmed with guilt for still not recognising him, slips away before dawn. En route to Thanjavur, he recollects [[Kovilvenni]] and makes an impromptu visit, and while sitting there peacefully, he reflects on his journey.

Arul shares with Hema his emotional encounter with the relative, expressing regret for not knowing his name despite the pure love and care shown. He struggles to purchase a house but receives help from his boss. Arul's daughter, Jhanvi, recognising her father's emotional connection during his trip, discovers the relative's phone number, makes a call, and hands the phone to Arul. Nandhini's husband offers the remaining ₹25 lakhs for Arul's house. Arul asks about his identity, and Nandhini's husband is heartbroken upon this realisation. He provides clues, leading Arul to recall the nickname "Potato", which he had affectionately given him during the summer vacation of 1994.

As memories flood back, Arul refrains from revealing his discovery over the phone but rushes to Needamangalam, stopping at the temple to request an offering through the flower vendor he had met earlier. Arul arrives at Potato's house and knocks on the door, but receives no response. Finally, Arul calls for "Meiyazhaga(n)", and the relative immediately opens the door, overwhelmed with happiness at Arul remembering his actual name.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Karthi]] as Meiyazhagan/Potato
* [[Arvind Swamy]] as Arulmozhi "Arul" Varman
**[[Saran Shakthi]] as Young Arulmozhi
* [[Rajkiran]] as Sudalamuthu "Sokku Mama", Arul's maternal uncle
* [[Sri Divya]] as Nandhini
* Swathi Konde as P. Bhuvaneswari "Bhuvana", Arulmozhi's cousin sister
* [[Devadarshini]] as Hema, wife of Arulmozhi
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Arivudai Nambi, Arul's father, a retired school headmaster
* [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Valliyammal "Valli", Arul's mother
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Ekambaram
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Jagadeesh "Jaggu"
* [[Raichal Rabecca]] as the flower vendor
* Merku Thodarchi Malai Antony as Santhanam
* [[Rajkumar (Tamil actor)|Rajkumar]] as S. Giridharan
* Indumathy Manikandan as Latha
* Rani Samyuktha as Jhanvi, Arulmozhi's daughter
* Kayal Subramani
* Ashok Pandian as Bhuvana's father
* Vetrivel Raja as a travel agent
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as a jallikattu commentator (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Five years after the release of [['96 (film)|''<nowiki/>'96'']] in 2018, [[C. Prem Kumar]] was reported to collaborate with [[Karthi]] for his upcoming directorial.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=96 director Prem Kumar roped in for Karthi's next, film to commence in a few months |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/96-director-prem-kumar-roped-in-for-karthis-next-film-to-commence-in-few-months-japan-2322019-2023-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117224349/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/96-director-prem-kumar-roped-in-for-karthis-next-film-to-commence-in-few-months-japan-2322019-2023-01-16 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Production would reportedly begin after the actor completed filming for [[Japan (2023 film)|''Japan'']] (2023) and [[2D Entertainment]], headed by [[Suriya]] and [[Jyothika]], were reported to produce the venture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2023 |title=Karthi to shoot for a new film with director Prem Kumar after 'Japan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthi-to-shoot-for-a-new-film-with-director-prem-kumar-after-japan/articleshow/97025811.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424134808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthi-to-shoot-for-a-new-film-with-director-prem-kumar-after-japan/articleshow/97025811.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=24 April 2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=Karthi to do a film with 96' director Premkumar? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jan/16/karthi-to-do-a-film-with-96-director-premkumar-38812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524154056/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Jan/16/karthi-to-do-a-film-with-96-director-premkumar-38812.html |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> That July, cinematographer [[P. C. Sreeram]] confirmed the project. Including his inclusion, he also announced the inclusion of [[Govind Vasantha]] and [[Arvind Swamy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2023 |title=Karthi And Arvind Swamy To Appear Onscreen For 1st Time In '96 Director Premkumar's Next |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/karthi-and-arvind-swamy-to-appear-onscreen-for-1st-time-in-96-director-premkumars-next-8439571.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524154056/https://www.news18.com/movies/karthi-and-arvind-swamy-to-appear-onscreen-for-1st-time-in-96-director-premkumars-next-8439571.html |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> However, on 24 May 2024, Sreeram was revealed to have been replaced by Mahendiran Jayaraju due to reasons unknown. In addition to Mahendiran, editor R. Govindraj, production designer Rajeevan, art director S. Ayyappan and costume designer Subhashree Kaarthik Vijay were revealed. The film's official title, ''Meiyazhagan'', was announced the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2024 |title=Karthi 27 titled Meiyazhagan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/24/karthi-27-titled-meiyazhagan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524154101/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/24/karthi-27-titled-meiyazhagan |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began with an inaugural [[Muhurat shot|puja]] ceremony on 9 November 2023 in [[Chennai]], while the first schedule commenced on 17 November 2023 in [[Kodambakkam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Karthi 27: Karthi's upcoming film goes on floors; touted to be family drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/karthi-27-karthis-upcoming-film-goes-on-floors-touted-to-be-family-drama/6b0de5427d68 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131151759/https://www.ottplay.com/news/karthi-27-karthis-upcoming-film-goes-on-floors-touted-to-be-family-drama/6b0de5427d68 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by 24 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2024 |title=It's a wrap for Karthi 27 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/24/its-a-wrap-for-karthi-27-52364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225054638/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/24/its-a-wrap-for-karthi-27-52364.html |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music and background score is composed by [[Govind Vasantha]], in his third collaboration with Prem Kumar after ''<nowiki/>'96'' and ''[[Jaanu (2020 film)|Jaanu]]'' (2020) and second with Karthi after ''[[Thambi (2019 film)|Thambi]]'' (2019). The soundtrack album was released on 31 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2024 |title=Karthi-Aravind Swami's Meiyazhagan full audio jukebox out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/01/karthi-aravind-swamis-meiyazhagan-full-audio-jukebox-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134544/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/01/karthi-aravind-swamis-meiyazhagan-full-audio-jukebox-out |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 26:07
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Poraen Naa Poraen
| extra1 = Vijay Narain, [[Kamal Haasan]]
| lyrics1 = Uma Devi
| length1 = 5:05
| title2 = Delta Kalyanam
| extra2 = V. M. Mahalingam, [[Senthil Ganesh]], [[Govind Vasantha]]
| lyrics2 = [[Karthik Netha]]
| length2 = 3:34
| title3 = Oor Manney
| extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics3 = Karthik Netha
| length3 = 6:28
| title4 = Yaaro Ivan Yaaro
| extra4 = Kamal Haasan
| lyrics4 = Uma Devi
| length4 = 4:03
| title5 = Veri
| extra5 = V. M. Mahalingam, Aruna
| lyrics5 = Karthik Netha
| length5 = 4:17
| title6 = Arul Mei
| extra6 = Govind Vasantha
| lyrics6 = Karthik Netha
| length6 = 3:59
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Meiyazhagan'' released worldwide on 27 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Karthi's 'Meiyazhagan,' directed by Prem Kumar, gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthis-meiyazhagan-directed-by-prem-kumar-gets-a-release-date/article68413988.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134544/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karthis-meiyazhagan-directed-by-prem-kumar-gets-a-release-date/article68413988.ece |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical rights of the film were acquired by [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan OTT partner: Karthi and Arvind Swamy's film to stream on this platform after theatrical run |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/meiyazhagan-ott-partner-karthi-and-arvind-swamys-film-to-stream-on-this-platform-after-theatrical-run/a25c971734722 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134601/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/meiyazhagan-ott-partner-karthi-and-arvind-swamys-film-to-stream-on-this-platform-after-theatrical-run/a25c971734722 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref> It began streaming there from 25 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2024 |title=Karthi-starrer Meiyazhagan To Have Its OTT Premiere On October 25 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/karthi-starrer-meiyazhagan-to-have-its-ott-premiere-on-october-25-9096157.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241110151157/https://www.news18.com/movies/karthi-starrer-meiyazhagan-to-have-its-ott-premiere-on-october-25-9096157.html |archive-date=10 November 2024 |access-date=10 November 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
''Meiyazhagan'' received critical acclaim with critics who praised the lead cast's performances (especially Karthi and Aravind Swamy), storyline, Govind Vasantha's background score, emotional scenes and Premkumar's screenplay and direction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2024 |title='Meiyazhagan' box office collection day 1: Karthi and Aravind Swamy starrer gets a solid start |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/meiyazhagan-box-office-collection-day-1-karthi-and-aravind-swamy-starrer-gets-a-solid-start/articleshow/113757035.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134543/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/meiyazhagan-box-office-collection-day-1-karthi-and-aravind-swamy-starrer-gets-a-solid-start/articleshow/113757035.cms |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[News18]]'' rated the film 4/5 stars and wrote "Meiyazhagan is more of a character study than a typical film about the bromance of two contrasting individuals. Prem Kumar once again imagines a utopia, embodied in characters like Ram, but it may not resonate with everyone."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=26 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Review: Karthi and Arvind Swamy Shine in This Soulful Exploration of Tamil Identity |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/meiyazhagan-review-karthi-and-arvind-swamy-shine-in-this-soulful-exploration-of-tamil-identity-9064660.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206201031/https://www.news18.com/movies/meiyazhagan-review-karthi-and-arvind-swamy-shine-in-this-soulful-exploration-of-tamil-identity-9064660.html |archive-date=6 February 2025 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref> Rakesh Tara of ''[[ABP News]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and noted "Arvind Swami And Karthi starrer may not have the flashy elements of typical commercial cinema, its rich storytelling and strong performances make it a standout film. 'Meiyazhagan' is rich with nostalgia and emotion, portraying themes of loss, connection, and healing. Its exploration of family values, the passage of time, and the importance of reconciliation make it a must-watch for those seeking depth in cinema."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tara |first=Rakesh |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Movie Review: A Heartfelt Journey With Stellar Performances By Arvind Swami And Karthi |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-meiyazhagan-movie-review-starring-karthi-and-arvind-swami-directed-by-prem-kumar-1720393 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929010956/https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-meiyazhagan-movie-review-starring-karthi-and-arvind-swami-directed-by-prem-kumar-1720393 |archive-date=29 September 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[ABP News]]}}</ref>

Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "''Meiyazhagan'' is a film that truly holds the meaning of beauty in each of its frames. Brimming with emotions that get hard to put into words, Karthi and Arvind Swamy brilliantly shoulder the film with their simple yet nuanced performances. There is enough meat to chew, but Prem Kumar serves you with a neatly told narrative, very much like how the delicacies are served on the banana leaf in the delta kalyanam Arulmozhi and the relative visits."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Movie Review: Arvind Swamy and Karthi's standout performances celebrate this emotional drama of longing, homecoming, and roots |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/meiyazhagan-movie-review-arvind-swamy-and-karthis-standout-performances-celebrate-this-emotional-drama-of-longing-home-coming-and-roots/7abed8ea48529 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134556/https://www.ottplay.com/review/meiyazhagan-movie-review-arvind-swamy-and-karthis-standout-performances-celebrate-this-emotional-drama-of-longing-home-coming-and-roots/7abed8ea48529 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref> Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "''Meiyazhagan'' is a sweet, sensitive film. It's a story about stories, about forgotten memories and quiet reflections".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Movie Review: This conversation film swells with vulnerability and emotion |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Sep/27/meiyazhagan-movie-review-this-conversation-film-swells-with-vulnerability-and-emotion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928134636/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Sep/27/meiyazhagan-movie-review-this-conversation-film-swells-with-vulnerability-and-emotion |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and highlighted "Karthi and Arvind Swamy's Meiyazhagan is the cinematic equivalent of that break in the journey of life. It doesn't have to take you anywhere, but it does, and that's why Meiyazhagan is a really special film."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan movie review: Karthi, Arvind Swamy power a beautiful ode to love, loss and belonging |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-arvind-swamy-power-a-beautiful-ode-to-love-loss-and-belonging-9590025/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226152903/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-arvind-swamy-power-a-beautiful-ode-to-love-loss-and-belonging-9590025/ |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reviewed the film and opined "The film that stands out thanks to Karthi and Arvind Swami as they have engagingly brought Premkumar's highly-nuanced story alive on screen." She termed it as a well-crafted emotional life story that slowly unfolds over 178 minutes but bemoaned the long runtime.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan review: Karthi, Arvind Swami's beautiful bromance has stellar performances |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/meiyazhagan-review-karthi-arvind-swami-s-beautiful-bromance-has-stellar-performances-101727431969788.html |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Despite the potential for overblown melodrama inherent in the plot, in ''Meiyazhagan'', Prem Kumar goes for a tone that's somewhere between melancholy and heartwarming."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=26 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Movie Review: An affecting, if slightly overlong, emotional drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meiyazhagan/amp_movie_review/113688305.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928135047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meiyazhagan/amp_movie_review/113688305.cms |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Kaushik Rajaraman of ''[[DT Next]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Karthi's innocence and Arvind Swami's many emotions make us sit through this emotional roller coaster. Govind Vasantha has done his part really well with playing along with the story and the emotions of characters we meet. The live sync sound takes us closer to the landscape along with Mahendhiran Jayaraju's visuals. ''Meiyazhagan'' is beautiful in its own way and will pull the family audience to theatres."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=25 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan review: This Karthi-Arvind Swami starrer is high on emotions and values |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/meiyazhagan-review-this-karthi-arvind-swami-movie-is-high-on-emotions-and-values-805152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928135049/https://www.dtnext.in/amp/entertainment/cinema/meiyazhagan-review-this-karthi-arvind-swami-movie-is-high-on-emotions-and-values-805152 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote "Director Prem Kumar's Meiyazhagan, starring Karthi and Arvind Swami, is a beautiful tale of self-discovery. However, the film's conflict is too wafer-thin to sustain interest for three hours."<ref>{{Cite news |last=K |first=Janani |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan review: Karthi-Arvind Swami's bromance wins in film on self-discovery |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-arvind-swamy-prem-kumar-2607619-2024-09-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002003937/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-arvind-swamy-prem-kumar-2607619-2024-09-27 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[India Today]]}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Tanushree Ghosh of ''[[Moneycontrol]]'' reviewed the film and noted "Arvind Swamy & Karthi breathe life to director C Prem Kumar's wholesome & deep characters, making us love men, who are vulnerable & kind, the ones this world and our films have forgotten all about. To watch this kind of bromance — seeing men being themselves around their favourite men, no pretence, no ego, just pure gratitude — on our screens, in an increasingly intolerant, hostile world that is forgetting what brotherhood once meant, is refreshing."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Tanushree |date=28 October 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan review: Karthi & Arvind Swamy show a humane masculinity in Prem Kumar's heartwarming tearjerker |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/meiyazhagan-movie-review-article-12851906.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241027151408/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/meiyazhagan-movie-review-article-12851906.html |archive-date=27 October 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref>

Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' reviewed the film and opined "'96' filmmaker C. Prem Kumar gives us a thoughtful character study brought to life by some brilliant performances, and it's a treat to watch the relationship between Arvind Swami and Karthi's characters blossom into something gorgeous.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=27 September 2024 |title='Meiyazhagan' movie review: Karthi and Arvind Swami shoulder this spirited bromance drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-and-arvind-swami-shoulder-this-spirited-bromance-drama/article68688040.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007095919/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meiyazhagan-movie-review-karthi-and-arvind-swami-shoulder-this-spirited-bromance-drama/article68688040.ece |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Swathi p Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' reviewed the film and highlighted "'Meiyazhagan' takes its time, immersing viewers in its emotional landscape. It's a slow burn, allowing moments to breathe and resonate, creating a rich atmosphere that lingers long after the credits roll."<ref>{{Cite news |last=P Ajith |first=Swathi |date=27 September 2024 |title='Meiyazhagan': This Karthi-Arvind Swamy starrer delivers a slow-burning emotional experience |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2024/09/27/meiyazhagan-movie-review-tamil-karthi-arvind-swamy-c-premkumar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005124903/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2024/09/27/meiyazhagan-movie-review-tamil-karthi-arvind-swamy-c-premkumar.html |archive-date=5 October 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Zee News]]'' wrote "The director has succeeded in telling many things that happen in real life, such as the love of hometown, the anger that comes from property problems with relatives, and the joy that comes when you see your loved ones again."<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan Review: How is the movie Meiyazhagan? Is it average? Is it great? Screen review.. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/meiyazhagan-movie-review-rating-tamil-how-is-c-premkumar-directed-film-starring-karthi-arvind-swamy-sri-divya-529710 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926073200/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/meiyazhagan-movie-review-rating-tamil-how-is-c-premkumar-directed-film-starring-karthi-arvind-swamy-sri-divya-529710 |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>

==Accolades==
The film won four out of its seven nominations in at the [[70th Filmfare Awards South]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-21 |title=Full List of Winners of The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Tamil) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-tamil-81911.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260221232041/https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-tamil-81911.html |archive-date=2026-02-21 |access-date=2026-02-22 |work=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Deleted scenes ==
A few days after the film's release the makers announced that they were shortening the length of the film by around 18 minutes due to audience feedback, and that the new trimmed version would play in domestic theatres starting from 30 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=30 September 2024 |title=Karthi and Arvind Swamy's Meiyazhagan trimmed by 18 minutes following audience response |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/karthi-and-arvind-swamys-meiyazhagan-trimmed-by-18-minutes-following-audience-response/979376aa8e524 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241127071100/https://www.ottplay.com/news/karthi-and-arvind-swamys-meiyazhagan-trimmed-by-18-minutes-following-audience-response/979376aa8e524 |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> This decision was met by mixed reviews from fans. Many felt that the scenes were too vital to be removed from the movie, and that they added a layer of depth that wasn't present in the new trimmed version.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manu |first=Hridyambika A |date=1 October 2024 |title=Fans not happy after makers trim Meiyazhagan, question – Why cut the core portions of Karthi-Arvind Swamy's film |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/fans-not-happy-after-makers-trim-meiyazhagan-question-why-cut-the-core-portions-of-karthi-arvind-swamys-film/6e85c951e6165/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002095433/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/fans-not-happy-after-makers-trim-meiyazhagan-question-why-cut-the-core-portions-of-karthi-arvind-swamys-film/6e85c951e6165/ |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref> On the other hand, many critics and reviewers had previously stated that the long runtime of the film was one of their main criticisms, including the previously mentioned M. Suganth of ''The Times of India''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> The scenes in question were a continuation of Arul and Meiyazhagan's stroll at the dam. Before returning home, they stroll to a new spot where they continue their conversation, this time mainly discussing various socio-political issues.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=2 October 2024 |title=Meiyazhagan new cut version has THESE scenes deleted |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/meiyazhagan-new-cut-version-has-these-scenes-deleted/c457fc1ec2966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003024148/https://www.ottplay.com/news/meiyazhagan-new-cut-version-has-these-scenes-deleted/c457fc1ec2966 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{noteslist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. Prem Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Govind Vasantha]]
[[Category:Films set in 1996]]
[[Category:Films set in 2018]]
[[Category:Films set in Thanjavur]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Films set in the 2010s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Slice of life films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Garamur Jugi Pathar

2026-04-19T20:12:15Z

MochenKitche:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Garamur Jugi Pathar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = as
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Majuli district|Majuli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2248
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/293408-garamur-jugi-pathar-assam.html|title=Census 2011, Garamur Jugi Pathar village Data}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Garamur Jugi Pathar''' is a village located in the [[Majuli district]], in the northeastern state of [[Assam]], [[India]].

==Demography==
In the 2011 census, Missamora had 485 families with a population of 2,248, consisting of 1,164 males and 1,084 females.<ref name=census2011/> The population of children aged 0–6 was 287, making up 12.77% of the total population of the village.<ref name=census2011/> The average sex ratio was 931 females for every 1,000 males in the village, which is lower than the state average of 958 out of 1,000.<ref name=census2011/> The child sex ratio in the village was 828 girls per 1,000 boys in the 0–6 age group, which is lower than the Assam state average of 962 girls per 1,000 boys.<ref name=census2011/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Villages in Majuli district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:48:08Z

MochenKitche: Made redirect

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Gandhinagar
| established = 1967
| constituency_no =
| map_image = ગાંધીનગર – Gandhinagar.svg
| map_caption = Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| electors = 20,45,149<ref name=turnout/>
| assembly_cons = {{ubl|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol]]|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodiya]]|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]}}
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Union Minister for Home Affairs.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| mp = [[Amit Shah]] {{Small|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]]}} {{Small|[[Ministry of Co-operation|Union Minister of Co-operation]]}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Lal Krishna Advani]], {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
}}

'''Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 26 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of Indian Parliament) constituencies in [[Gujarat]], a state in [[Western India]]. [[Gandhinagar]] is the capital of [[Gujarat]]. It is one of the most prestigious parliamentary constituencies in India, being represented by former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[LK Advani]] and the current [[Home Minister of India|Home Minister]] and former BJP chief [[Amit Shah]]. The constituency was created in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was [[Somchandbhai Solanki]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).

Solanki represented the [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] party for the next elections in 1971 and was re-elected. In the 1977 election, [[Purushottam Mavalankar]] (son of the first [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]], [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]) of the [[Janata Party]] was elected.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pusushottam-Mavalankar-passes-away/articleshow/3800706.cms|title=Pusushottam Mavalankar passes away|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=15 March 2002|access-date=7 December 2014}}</ref> Mavalankar was defeated in the next election in 1980 by INC candidate, Amrit Mohanal Patel. I.G. Patel also of the INC was elected in 1984. Since 1989 this constituency has been a bastion of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). [[Shankersinh Vaghela]] won in the 1989 election and the next election saw [[L. K. Advani]] elected in 1991. [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] won this seat in 1996 but chose to resign it so that he could represent [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls11/ses1/04220596.htm|title=XI Lok Sabha Debates, Session I|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]|date=22 May 1996|access-date=7 December 2014}}</ref> This forced a by-election which was won by [[Vijay Patel (politician)|Vijay Patel]], who defeated film actor [[Rajesh Khanna]] (INC), among other candidates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmedbad-pays-homage-to-kaka-1717147|title=Ahmedbad pays homage to 'kaka'|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|publisher=Deepak Rathi|date=19 July 2012|access-date=7 December 2014}}</ref> The constituency has been represented by one Prime Minister (Vajpayee), one future Chief Minister (Vaghela), and two Home Ministers in Advani and Amit Shah.

{{Pie chart
| value1 = 68.75
| value2 = 12.50
| value3 = 6.25
| value4 = 6.25
| value5 = 6.25
| label1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] (11 times)
| label2 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']] (2 times)
| label3 = [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|'''INC(O)''']] (1 time)
| label4 = [[Indian National Congress (I)|'''INC(I)''']] (1 time)
| label5 = [[Janata Party|'''JP''']] (1 time)
| color1 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| color3 = {{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
| color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| color5 = {{party color|Janata Party}}
| caption = Most successful parties from [[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
}}

==Assembly segments==
As of 2019 Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency comprised seven legislative assembly segments. These are:<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=147}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="120px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|36
|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]
|None
| rowspan="2" |[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
|38
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
|None
|-
|40
|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]
|None
| rowspan="5" |[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|-
|41
|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]
|None
|-
|42
|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]
|None
|-
|45
|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]
|None
|-
|55
|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]
|None
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Somchandbhai Solanki]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Purushottam Mavalankar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Amrit Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|G. I. Patel
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Shankersinh Vaghela]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=11}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
|1996^
|[[Vijay Patel (politician)|Vijaybhai Patel]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name="Election Results 2014: Top 10 High-Profile Contests and Victory Margins">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |title=Election Results 2014: Top 10 High-Profile Contests and Victory Margins |url=https://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/election-results-2014-top-10-high-profile-contests-and-victory-margins-562324 |access-date=9 November 2022 |work= |date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109195341/https://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/election-results-2014-top-10-high-profile-contests-and-victory-margins-562324 |archive-date=9 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Amit Shah]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==

=== General election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref name="Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls">{{cite news|last1=The Economic Times|title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=27 July 2024|date=6 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|archivedate=27 July 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Amit Shah]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,010,972|percentage=76.48|change={{increase}}6.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sonal Patel|party=Indian National Congress|votes=2,66,256|percentage=20.14|change={{decrease}}6.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Mohammedanish Desai|votes=7,394|percentage=0.56|change={{increase}}0.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=22,005|percentage=1.66|change={{increase}}0.55}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,44,716|percentage=56.34|change={{increase}}12.96}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,23,545|percentage=60.62|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===

 <section begin="General Election 2019"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituency wise detailed result 2019 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13539-33-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Amit Shah]]|votes=8,94,000|percentage=69.67|change=+1.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[C. J. Chavda|Chatursinh Javanji Chavda]]|votes=337,610|percentage=26.29|change=+0.71}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Jayendra Rathod|votes=6,400|percentage=0.50|change=-0.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=14,214|percentage=1.11|change=-0.02}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 5,57,014
|percentage = 43.38
|change = +0.84
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,285,826|percentage=66.08|change=+0.51}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +1.55
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2019" />

===General election 2014===

 <section begin="General Election 2014"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS066.htm?ac=6|title=Gandhinagar|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628101028/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS066.htm?ac=6|archive-date=28 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]|votes=773,539|percentage=68.12|change=+13.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kiritbhai Ishvarbhai Patel|party=Indian National Congress|votes=290,418|percentage=25.58|change=-13.91}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rituraj Mehta|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=19,966|percentage=1.76|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rahul Chimanbhai Mehta|votes=9,767|percentage=0.86|change=-0.06}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Niranjan Ghosh|votes=6,068|percentage=0.53|change=-0.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=12,777|percentage=1.13|change=N/A}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 483,121
|percentage = 42.54
|change = +27.14
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,137,014|percentage=65.57|change=+14.74}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +1.23
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2014" />

===General election 2009===

 <section begin="General Election 2009"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |pages=37–38 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]|votes=434,044|percentage=54.89|change=-6.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sureshkumar Chaturdas Patel|party=Indian National Congress|votes=312,297|percentage=39.49|change=+4.13}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mallika Sarabhai]]|party=Independent (politician)|votes=9,268|percentage=1.17|change=N/A}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 121,747
|percentage = 15.40
|change = -10.28
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=790,737|percentage=50.83|change=-3.59}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -6.15
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2009" />

===General election 2004===

{{Election box begin|title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|page=222|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]
|votes = 516,120
|percentage = 61.04
|change = -0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Gabhaji Mangaji Thakor]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 298,982
|percentage = 35.36
|change = -0.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sunil Shah
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 8,412
|percentage = 0.99
|change = -0.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vitthalbhai Pandya
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 8,395
|percentage = 0.99
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = L. N. Medipally
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 6,660
|percentage = 0.79
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Brahmbhatt Sanjaybhai Amarkumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,234
|percentage = 0.15
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nizami Mahammad Salim
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,091
|percentage = 0.13
|change = -0.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dipakkumar Gopaldas Patel
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
|votes = 975
|percentage = 0.12
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arunbhai Swarupji Maru
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 793
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jivraj Mansukhbhai Parmar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 767
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Imran Gulamnabi Ajmeri
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 767
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Khodabhai Laljibhai Desai
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 695
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mukundbhai Govindbhai Dudhatra
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 685
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 217,138
|percentage = 25.68
|change = +0.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 845,576
|percentage = 54.42
|change = +14.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha |page=187 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]
|votes = 453,299
|percentage = 61.14
|change = +1.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[T. N. Seshan]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 264,285
|percentage = 35.65
|change = +6.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mod Shankarbhai Daljibhai
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 5,256
|percentage = 0.71
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 189,014
|percentage = 25.49
|change = -5.11
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 741,283
|percentage = 40.42
|change = -11.71
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha |pages=192–193 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[L. K. Advani]]
|votes = 541,340
|percentage = 59.86
|change = +7.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = P. K. Datta
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 264,639
|percentage = 29.26
|change = -10.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chaitanya Shambhu Maharaj
|party = All India Rashtriya Janata Party
|votes = 90,290
|percentage = 9.98
|change = -3.33
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Sanjiv Mani Shanker Pandya
|party = [[Ajeya Bharat Party|ABP]]
|votes = 4,003
|percentage = 0.44
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Keshavaji Devashi Harijan Bhagat Bhalavala
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,408
|percentage = 0.16
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Narayan Digwani
|party =[[Savarn Samaj Party|SSP]]
|votes = 1,031
|percentage = 0.11
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prahaladbhai Ratilal Gupta
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 870
|percentage = 0.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 758
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 276,701
|percentage = 30.60
|change = +18.33
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 929,643
|percentage = 52.13
|change = +23.70
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By election 1996===

{{Election box begin | title=By election, 1996: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapress.org/election/archives/lok11/biodata/11gj11.php|title=Patel, Shri Vijay|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Vijay Patel (politician)|Vijay Harish Chandra Patel]]
|votes = 258,589
|percentage = 52.61
|change = -13.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rajesh Khanna]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 197,425
|percentage = 40.17
|change = +12.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Narin Bhai P. Patel
|party = All India Rashtriya Janata Party
|votes = 33,166
|percentage = 6.65
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Meena Ben Jain
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
|votes = 1,143
|percentage = 0.23
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
| candidate = Dr. Bipinchandra D. Shastri
| votes = 498
| percentage = 0.10
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 61,164
|percentage = 12.44
|change = -26.31
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 491,528
|percentage = 28.04
|change = +0.23
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -13.77
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|page=260|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|votes = 323,583
|percentage = 66.38
|change = +8.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Popatlal V. Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 134,711
|percentage = 27.63
|change =-9.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Patni Laxmanbhai Fuljibhai
|party =All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)
|votes = 3,621
|percentage = 0.74
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Dinesh Shah
|party =Rashtriya Surajya Parishad
|votes = 3,477
|percentage = 0.71
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pandya Yogeshbhai Ramanbhai
|party =Janata Dal
|votes = 2,432
|percentage = 0.50
|change =-0.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kanani Purushottambhai Devjibhai
|party =Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
|votes = 1,736
|percentage = 0.36
|change =+0.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjay Maganbhai Barot
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,708
|percentage = 0.35
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Babubhai Galubhai Patni
|party =Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,677
|percentage = 0.34
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Arvindbhai Umedbhai Patel
|party =Bhoomijotak Samooh
|votes = 1,627
|percentage = 0.33
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramprashad Shantilal Yadav
|party =Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,445
|percentage = 0.30
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Natvarbhai Thakor
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,430
|percentage = 0.29
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shaikh Ikbal Abdulhuq
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 955
|percentage = 0.20
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = R. R. Prajapati
|party =Samata Party
|votes = 898
|percentage = 0.18
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nayana Bhatt
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 892
|percentage = 0.18
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Fulsing Jugatsinh Thakor
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 698
|percentage = 0.14
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Faridabanu Jahangirkhan Pathan
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 663
|percentage = 0.14
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jayantibhai Mangalbhai Parmar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 613
|percentage = 0.13
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dipakkumar Purushottamdas Brahamaniya
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 582
|percentage = 0.12
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ratilal Chunilal Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 546
|percentage = 0.11
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bharatkumar Rasiklal Shah
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 525
|percentage = 0.11
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramchandra Narayanji Thakor
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 474
|percentage = 0.10
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Rana Ghanshayamsinh Bharthusinh
|party =Manav Sewa Sangh
|votes = 434
|percentage = 0.09
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sunilbhai Shah
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 393
|percentage = 0.08
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prahaladbhai Ratilal Gupta
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 353
|percentage = 0.07
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dinesh Kishanlal Rathi
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 353
|percentage = 0.07
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = RAJAN KUMAR PANDEY
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 326
|percentage = 0.07
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Pradhuman Dahyabhai Pandya
|party =Gujarat Janta Parishad
|votes = 266
|percentage = 0.05
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pravinchandra Jivanlal Sanghvi
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 247
|percentage = 0.05
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sureshchandra Laljibhai Patel
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 240
|percentage = 0.05
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dabhi Shivubha Jawansing
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 225
|percentage = 0.05
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jagdeepbhai Arvindbhai Marchant
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 204
|percentage = 0.04
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kesarben Manojbhai Tiwari
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 162
|percentage = 0.03
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 188,872
|percentage = 38.75
|change = +18.74
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 487,496
|percentage = 27.81
|change = -17.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1991===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=180}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[L. K. Advani]]
|votes = 356,902
|percentage = 57.97
|change = -8.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = G. I. Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 231,223
|percentage = 37.56
|change = +7.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sendhaji Thakor
|party = Janata Party
|votes = 6,635
|percentage = 1.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Purushottam Mavalankar]]
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,757
|percentage = 0.77
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dixit Narendra
|party = Janata Dal
|votes = 4,441
|percentage = 0.72
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Satyandranath (Moni) Chaturvedi
|party = Socialist League of India
|votes = 1,920
|percentage = 0.31
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Ajmeri Rafik Jamalbhai
|party = Yuva Vikas Party
|votes = 1,210
|percentage = 0.20
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Parikh Mahesh Amrutlal
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,190
|percentage = 0.19
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dabhi Gopalji Chhaguji
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,144
|percentage = 0.19
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramubhai Manilal Patni
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 809
|percentage = 0.13
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kamlesh B. Pandya
|party = Doordarshi Party
|votes = 498
|percentage = 0.08
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shah Nagindas Chimanlal
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 479
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pradeep Sagar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 459
|percentage = 0.07
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kanani Purushottambhai Devjibhai
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
|votes = 432
|percentage = 0.07
|change = -0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prajapati Ramanbhai Ramabhai
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 416
|percentage = 0.07
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = B. H. Yadav
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Das
|votes = 411
|percentage = 0.07
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Yagnik Bechardas Govindram
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 409
|percentage = 0.07
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lallubhai Bhikhabhai Yadav
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 381
|percentage = 0.06
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Thakkersuresh Dulabhaji
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 329
|percentage = 0.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Indumati Chimanlal Surana
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 307
|percentage = 0.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prasad B. Khgej
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 305
|percentage = 0.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Batuk G. Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 297
|percentage = 0.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Thakor Ramchandra Naranji
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 192
|percentage = 0.03
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajkumar Verma
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 189
|percentage = 0.03
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kishanji Genji Jadeja
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 132
|percentage = 0.02
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramanlal Moltilal Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 132
|percentage = 0.02
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajora Rajendraprasad Shankerlal
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 91
|percentage = 0.01
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 125,679
|percentage = 20.41
|change = -9.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 625,226
|percentage = 45.46
|change = -12.41
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1989===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=174}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shankersinh Vaghela]]
|votes = 495,383
|percentage = 66.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kokila Vyas
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 226,891
|percentage = 30.33
|change = -16.51
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Nilamben Rajnikant
|party = [[All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh|DMM]]
|votes = 10,181
|percentage = 1.36
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pradyotkumar Kripashankar Pandit
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,928
|percentage = 0.39
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Vanol Manganbhai Kalidas
|party = [[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)|RPI(K)]]
|votes = 1,792
|percentage = 0.24
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pandya Kamleshbhai Balkrishan
|party = Doordarshi Party
|votes = 1,659
|percentage = 0.22
|change = -0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Pandy Pardumanbhai Dahyabhai
|party = Gujarat Janta Parishad
|votes = 1,577
|percentage = 0.21
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Naginbhai Dantani (Deviputra)
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,240
|percentage = 0.17
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = B. H. Yadav
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,097
|percentage = 0.15
|change = -0.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dahyabhai Mohanlal Patel
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 783
|percentage = 0.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Umedbhai Chhotabhai Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 755
|percentage = 0.10
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Biharilal Chunilal Sharma
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
|votes = 721
|percentage = 0.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pathan Mohmad Yusuf Mohmad Sidiq
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 693
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Thakore Rameshbhai Karshanji
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 639
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = K. P. Vora
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 596
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shaikh Mohmad Shakil Janmohmad
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 379
|percentage = 0.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pathan Shaifulla Rahmadkhan
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 292
|percentage = 0.04
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Patel Ramanlal Vithaldas
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 279
|percentage = 0.04
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vyas Manharkumar Ramniklal
|party =Independent (politician)
|votes = 233
|percentage = 0.03
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 268,492
|percentage = 29.89
|change = +29.38
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 763,015
|percentage = 57.87
|change = -1.75
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1984===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|pages=144–145}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = G. I. Patel
|votes = 250,126
|percentage = 46.84
|change = -7.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Indubhai Chaturbhai Patel
|party = Janata Party
|votes = 247,372
|percentage = 46.33
|change = +2.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = R. P. Parmar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 6,762
|percentage = 1.27
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Thakor Fulsinh Jugatsinh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 6,089
|percentage = 1.14
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Zaveri Sureshbhai Saubhagyachand
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 5,490
|percentage = 1.03
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = B. H. Yadav
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,593
|percentage = 0.49
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = M. J. Trivedi
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,460
|percentage = 0.46
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anilbhai Dolatram
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,780
|percentage = 0.33
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Induprasad Kacchia
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,779
|percentage = 0.33
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Haribhai Keshavlal Rathod
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,721
|percentage = 0.32
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Laxmanbhai Dhirubhai Pattani
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,637
|percentage = 0.31
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bipin C. Desai
|party = Doordarshi Party
|votes = 1,301
|percentage = 0.24
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Umedbhai Chhotabhai Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,270
|percentage = 0.24
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gupta Harikrishn Shivcharn
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 959
|percentage = 0.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Patel Rameshbhai Shankarlal Sabalpuryala
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 807
|percentage = 0.15
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ratilal Chhaganbhai Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 601
|percentage = 0.11
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chimanbhai H. Gokalpura
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 468
|percentage = 0.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shankarbhai Visdas Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 434
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mursinh Mohansinh Singrotiya
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 314
|percentage = 0.06
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,754
|percentage = 0.51
|change = -10.58
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 554,174
|percentage = 59.62
|change = +2.23
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1980===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=152}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Amrit Mohanal Patel
|votes = 241,694
|percentage = 54.45
|change = +12.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Purushottam Mavalankar]]
|party = Janata Party
|votes = 192,477
|percentage = 43.36
|change = -14.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gohil Manilal Varubhai
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 3,357
|percentage = 0.76
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chimanbhai Amin
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 3,036
|percentage = 0.68
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Daridranarayan Sharma
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,129
|percentage = 0.48
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Singrotiya Muljibhai Mohanbhai
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,171
|percentage = 0.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 49,217
|percentage = 11.09
|change = -4.46
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 454,433
|percentage = 57.39
|change = -6.30
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1977===

{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=141}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Lok Dal
|candidate = [[Purushottam Mavalankar|Purushottam Ganesh Mavalankar]]
|votes = 221,967
|percentage = 57.41
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Govindbhai C. Patel
|votes = 161,850
|percentage = 41.86
|change = -4.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jaydev Desai
|votes = 2,812
|percentage = 0.73
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 60,117
|percentage = 15.55
|change = +14.36
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 394,699
|percentage = 63.69
|change = +9.56
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Lok Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress (Organization)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1971===

{{Election box begin|title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=135}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
|candidate = [[Somchandbhai Solanki]]
|votes = 139,417
|percentage = 47.61
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = N. K. Makwana
|votes = 135,915
|percentage = 46.42
|change = -0.45
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Karshndas Ukabhai Parmar
|party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
|votes = 11,979
|percentage = 4.09
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Narendrabhai Nagardas Desai
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 5,499
|percentage = 1.88
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 3,502
|percentage = 1.19
|change = -7.77
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 303,113
|percentage = 54.13
|change = -14.62
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1967===

{{Election box begin|title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Gandhinagar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|page=130}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Somchandbhai Solanki]]
|votes = 156,148
|percentage = 46.87
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India
|candidate = K. U. Parmar
|votes = 126,308
|percentage = 37.91
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = S. J. Makwana
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 50,702
|percentage = 15.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 29,840
|percentage = 8.96
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 354,758
|percentage = 68.75
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Gandhinagar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef | before = [[New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|New Delhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|leader of the opposition]]|years=1991 – 1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|leader of the opposition]]|years=2004 – 2009}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coords|23.2|72.6|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gandhinagar district]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:L. K. Advani]]

List of ZEE5 original programming

2026-04-16T04:20:39Z

MochenKitche: Started Initial Article Initial Version

{{Short description|none}}
{{Cleanup|reason=[[WP:REFBOMB]]|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}

[[ZEE5]] is an Indian on-demand Internet streaming media provider run by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Best ZEE5 Web Series List|url=https://topseries.in/top-10-best-zee5-web-series-list-in-hindi/|date=12 October 2021|website=topseries.in |language=hindi}}</ref> It was launched in [[India]] on 14 February 2018 with content in 12 languages.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-with-ditto-tv-zee-eyes-a-game-changer-1656839 |title=With Ditto TV, Zee eyes a game-changer |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] India |date=1 March 2012}}</ref> The service has distributed a number of original programs, including original series, specials, miniseries, documentaries and films.

== 2018 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Title
! style="text-align: center;" | Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|''Dhatt Tere Ki''
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |9 February 2018
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/abhishek-banerjee-kumar-varun-kriti-vij-sunil-sinha-zee5s-dhatt-tere-ki/2018/06/06|title=Abhishek Banerjee, Kumar Varun, Kriti Vij, Sunil Sinha in Zee5's Dhatt Tere Ki|date=2018-06-06|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nanna Koochi]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |12 February 2018
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/niharika-konidela-and-nagababus-web-series-nanni-koochi-trailer-is-out-and-trending-at-2/articleshow/61337483.cms|title=Niharika Konidela and Nagababu's web series' 'Nanna Koochi' trailer is out and trending at #2|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-07-05|first=Neeshita|last=Nyayapati|date=30 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''[[America Mappillai]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |14 February 2018
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/america-mappillai-zee5-tamil-web-series|title=America Mappillai: A ZEE5 Originals Tamil Web Series|date=2018-04-19|website=DESIblitz|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17 |last1=Hassan |first1=Umar }}</ref>
|-
|''Utsaha Ithihasam''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |14 February 2018
|Malayalam
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-releases-first-malayalam-web-series/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717091924/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-releases-first-malayalam-web-series/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=Zee5 releases first Malayalam web series|date=2018-04-12|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Table No 5''
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |25 March 2018
| rowspan="8" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/namit-das-web-series-table-no-5-5198762/|title=Namit Das: Television and digital medium will give movies a run for money|date=2018-05-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Life Sahi Hai]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |25 March 2018
|
|-
|[[Life Sahi Hai#Season 2|''Life Sahi Hai 2'']]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |4 April 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-releases-life-sahi-hai-season-2-trailer-high-comic-bromance/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717091924/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-releases-life-sahi-hai-season-2-trailer-high-comic-bromance/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=ZEE5 releases Life Sahi Hai Season 2 trailer and its high on comic-bromance|date=2018-03-28|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Zero KMS''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Mystery, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |29 May 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/naseeruddin-shah-zero-kms-zee5-web-series|title=Naseeruddin Shah's 'Zero Kms' is a Thriller You Can't Miss|date=2018-06-15|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-s-original-web-series-zero-kms-gains-traction-180608|title=ZEE5's original web series, Zero KMS, gains traction|website=Indiantelevision.com|date=8 June 2018 |access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/zero-kms-naseeruddin-shah-director-qaushiq-mukherjee-5213056/|title=Zero KMS director Q: Audience will be surprised to see Naseeruddin Shah in such an avatar|date=2018-06-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-original-review-zero-kms/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401025224/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-original-review-zero-kms/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 April 2019|title=Zee5 Original: Zero KMS Review|date=2018-06-01|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Babbar Ka Tabbar (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |20 June 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-zee5-premieres-babbar-ka-tabbar-2627925|title=ZEE5 premieres 'Babbar Ka Tabbar'|date=2018-06-22|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-launch-new-web-series-babbar-ka-tabbar/|title=ZEE5 to launch new web-series 'Babbar Ka Tabbar'|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2018-06-21|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/zee5-premieres-original-series-babbar-ka-tabbar-90623.html|title=ZEE5 premieres original series Babbar ka Tabbar - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=20 June 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''The Story''
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |25 June 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mallika-sherawat-makes-her-digital-debut-with-zee5-original-the-story-2628395|title=Mallika Sherawat makes her digital debut with ZEE5 original 'The Story'|date=2018-06-24|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/charles-sobhraj-zee5-web-series-5603028/|title=ZEE5 to present the story of serial killer Charles Sobhraj|date=2019-02-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-new-web-series-the-story-new-episode-to-feature-mallika-sherawat/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717075729/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-new-web-series-the-story-new-episode-to-feature-mallika-sherawat/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=ZEE5 new web series The Story new episode to feature Mallika Sherawat|date=2018-06-26|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Jashn-e-Zindagi''
| style="text-align: center;" | 7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |2 July 2018
|
|-
|''[[Karenjit Kaur - The Untold Story of Sunny Leone]]''
''([[Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone#Season 1|season 1]])''
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |16 July 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-unveils-exclusive-never-before-offers-with-their-biggest-show-karenjit-kaur-going-live-180716|title=ZEE5 unveils exclusive never before offers with their biggest show Karenjit Kaur going live|date=2018-07-16|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kallachirippu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |23 July 2018
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee5-launches-tamil-web-series-kallachirippu-91218.html|title=ZEE5 launches Tamil web series- Kallachirippu - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=24 July 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/zee5-launches-tamil-web-series-kallachirippu-starring-amrutha-srinivasan/19638191|title=ZEE5 launches Tamil web series Kallachirippu starring Amrutha Srinivasan|date=2018-07-25|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/karthik-subburaj-kallachirippu-5274134/|title=Karthik Subbaraj is thrilled about web series Kallachirippu|date=2018-07-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Liftman''
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |26 July 2018
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/zee5-launches-marathi-original-web-series-liftman/19646158|title=ZEE5 launches Marathi original web series 'Liftman'|date=2018-07-27|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Lockdown''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Music
| style="text-align: center;" |17 August 2018
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee5-launches-lockdown-with-badshah-kailash-kher-raftaar-jonita-gandhi-and-many-more-2133845.html|title=ZEE5 launches Lockdown with Badshah, Kailash Kher, Raftaar, Jonita Gandhi and many more|date=2018-08-17|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/badshah-lockdown-producer-zee5-bollywood-5314238/|title=Badshah on ZEE5 show Lockdown: A show like this was missing, I wanted something edgy|date=2018-08-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-lockdown-trailer-badshah-kailash-kher-and-18-other-indian-musicians-to-come-together-to-recreate-20-iconic-songs-2647725|title=Lockdown Trailer: Badshah, Kailash Kher and 18 other Indian musicians to come together to recreate 20 iconic songs|date=2018-08-09|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/badshah-produce-web-series-lockdown-fro-zee5/|title=Badshah to produce web-series 'Lockdown' fro ZEE5|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2018-06-12|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Akoori''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |30 August 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/883016/zee5-comedy-akoori-shows-what-a-dysfunctional-family-is-really-like-says-director-harsh-dedhia|title=ZEE5 comedy 'Akoori' shows what a dysfunctional family is really like, says director Harsh Dedhia|last=Raman|first=Sruthi Ganapathy|website=Scroll.in|date=25 August 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/akroori-trailer-this-parsi-dysfunctional-family-will-leave-you-in-splits/19691152|title=Akoori Trailer: This Parsi dysfunctional family leaves you in splits|date=2018-09-01|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/video-zee5-unveils-trailer-new-web-series-akoori/|title=In Video: ZEE5 unveils trailer of new web-series 'Akoori'|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2018-08-10|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bollyworm.com/videos/akoori-the-trailer-of-zee5s-next-web-show-out-now/|title=AKOORI: The trailer of ZEE5's next web-show OUT NOW!|last=Mathur|first=Vinamra|date=2018-08-13|website=Bollyworm|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Babbar Ka Tabbar (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |5 September 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|title=A Comprehensive List of All Streaming Services Originals From India in 2018|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/features/netflix-hotstar-and-others-released-over-100-indian-originals-in-2018-here-are-all-of-them-1961099|access-date=2020-07-09|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=11 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Karenjit Kaur - The Untold Story of Sunny Leone]]''
''([[Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone#Season 2|season 2]])''
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |18 September 2018
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karenjit-kaur-the-untold-story-of-sunny-leone-season-2-takes-us-through-her-tumultuous-personal-journey-2664900|title='Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone' Season 2 takes us through her tumultuous personal journey|date=2018-09-19|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theindianwire.com/entertainment/zee5-original-karenjit-kaur-untold-story-sunny-leone-releases-season-finale-trailer-streaming-date-110855/|title=ZEE5 Original 'Karenjit Kaur: The Untold Story of Sunny Leone' releases season finale trailer and streaming date|last=richamalviya|date=2019-03-15|website=The Indian Wire|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Chitra Vichitram''
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |4 October 2018
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zee5-to-launch-second-telugu-original-series-chitra-vichitram/|title=ZEE5 to launch second telugu original series 'Chitra Vichitram'|date=2018-10-03|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaali''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |13 November 2018
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zee5s-first-bengali-original-web-series-to-go-live-on-13-nov/|title=ZEE5's first Bengali original web series to go live on 13 Nov|date=2018-11-13|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/-kaali-is-going-to-be-first-zee5-bengali-series/entertainment/news/1358931.html|title='Kaali' is going to be first Zee5 Bengali series|website=Uniindia.com|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/zee5-launches-its-first-bengali-original-web-series-kaali-92932.html|title=ZEE5 launches its first Bengali original web series 'Kaali' - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|date=13 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-announces-first-bengali-web-series-kaali/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717105933/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-announces-first-bengali-web-series-kaali/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=Zee5 announces first Bengali web series, Kaali|date=2018-09-24|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''B.Tech''
| style="text-align: center;" | 9
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |15 November 2018
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/b-tech-strikes-the-right-chords-but-feels-a-little-too-cliched_in_5c125eb0e4b0449012f742a7|title=Telugu Web Series 'B. Tech' Strikes The Right Chords, But Feels A Little Too Clichéd|date=2018-12-13|website=HuffPost India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-launches-its-third-telugu-original-btech-181115|title=ZEE5 LAUNCHES ITS THIRD TELUGU ORIGINAL – B.TECH|date=2018-11-15|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/tharun-bhascker-written-btech-ready-for-release-telugu-news-224043|title=Tharun Bhascker-written 'B.Tech' ready for release - Telugu News|date=2018-11-13|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Alarm''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Action
| style="text-align: center;" |22 November 2018
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/prem-kumars-debut-webseries-alarm-releases-today/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717105939/https://silverscreen.in/news/prem-kumars-debut-webseries-alarm-releases-today/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=Prem Kumar's Debut Webseries 'Alarm' Releases Today|date=22 November 2018|first=Aarthi|last=Murali|website=Silverscreen.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/902476/alarm-teaser-a-cop-races-against-time-to-save-the-day-in-zee5-tamil-series|title='Alarm' teaser: A cop races against time to save the day in ZEE5 Tamil series|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|date=17 November 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Date With Saie''
| style="text-align: center;" | 9
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |5 December 2018
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zee5-to-premiere-new-original-series-date-with-saie-on-5-dec/|title=ZEE5 to premiere new original series 'Date with Saie' on 5 Dec|date=2018-11-30|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-to-launch-original-series-date-with-saie/|title=ZEE5 to launch original series 'Date With Saie'|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2018-11-30|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/trailer-launch-zee5-original-date-saie-was-thrilling-experience|title=Trailer launch of ZEE5 original Date With Saie was a thrilling experience|date=2018-12-04|website=Box Office India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-date-is-saie-original-it-is-a-thriller-all-the-way/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717095011/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-date-is-saie-original-it-is-a-thriller-all-the-way/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|title=Zee5's Date with Saie Review : It is a Thriller All the Way|date=2018-12-05|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''What's Up Velakkari''
| style="text-align: center;" | 12
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |13 December 2018
|Tamil
|<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://english.timesofsouth.com/2018/12/08/zee5-strengthens-tamil-content-portfolio-with-mega-releases/|title=ZEE5 STRENGTHENS TAMIL CONTENT PORTFOLIO WITH MEGA RELEASES|last=admin|date=2018-12-08|website=Times of south|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rangbaaz (web series)|''Rangbaaz'']]
| style="text-align: center;" | 9
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |22 December 2018
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/zee-launches-rangbaaz/article_4e3d250a-078f-11e9-836c-7b248dd4a983.html|title=ZEE5 Launches 'Rangbaaz'|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR, Special to|website=India West|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-geared-up-to-launch-rangbaaz-this-week/|title=ZEE5 geared up to launch 'Rangbaaz' this week|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2018-12-19|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|}

== 2019 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|''[[Ekkadiki Ee Parugu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama, Mystery, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |8 January 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|title=An edge-of-the-seat ride|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2019/jan/07/an-edge-of-the-seat-ride-1921887.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=5 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705094556/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2019/jan/07/an-edge-of-the-seat-ride-1921887.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=AuthorIANS|title=Shashank looks forward to 'Ekkadiki Ee Parugu'|url=https://telanganatoday.com/shashank-looks-forward-to-ekkadiki-ee-parugu|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2019-01-05|title=Shashank looks forward to 'Ekkadiki Ee Parugu'|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/shashank-looks-forward-to-ekkadiki-ee-parugu-119010500249_1.html|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''Parchhayee: Ghost Stories by Ruskin Bond''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Horror
| style="text-align: center;" |15 January 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=ZEE5 to Make Web Series on Ruskin Bond's Popular Ghost Stories|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/zee5-to-make-web-series-on-ruskin-bonds-popular-ghost-stories-1989171.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=News18|date=2 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-09|title=Parchayee: Watch Ruskin Bond's favourite ghost stories on ZEE5|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-ruskin-bond-s-favourite-ghost-stories-on-zee5-2706092|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-07|title=Ghost stories by Ruskin Bond, titled 'Parchayee', to come alive on ZEE5|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ghost-stories-by-ruskin-bond-titled-parchayee-to-come-alive-on-zee5-2705212|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-18|title=परछाई रिव्यू: ये भूतों की कहानी बच्चों को डराती नहीं है|url=https://hindi.thequint.com/entertainment/web-series/parchayee-ghost-stories-review-ruskin-bond-zee5|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Quint Hindi|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Mitta''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |23 January 2019
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
|''D7''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |6 February 2019
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Zee announces lineup of Original shows on Zee5|url=https://www.digitalstudiome.com/broadcast/31342-zee-announces-lineup-of-original-shows-on-zee5|access-date=2019-07-17|newspaper=Digital Studio Middle East|date=18 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ekkadiki Ee Parugu]]'' ''(season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |8 February 2019
|Telugu
|
|-
|''Sharate Aaj''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |21 February 2019
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-11-03|title=ZEE5 unveils third original Bengali series 'Sharate Aaj'|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zee5-unveils-third-original-bengali-series-sharate-aaj/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Team|first=Author: Editorial|date=2018-11-02|title=ZEE5 announces Bengali Original web-series Sharate Aaj|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/releases-digital/zee5-announces-sharate-aaj-biggest-bengali-original-yet/2018/11/02|access-date=2019-07-17|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2018-11-13|title=Here's a glimpse of ZEE5's biggest Bengali Original, Sharate Aaj|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/heres-a-glimpse-of-zee5s-biggest-bengali-original-sharate-aaj/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717143224/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/heres-a-glimpse-of-zee5s-biggest-bengali-original-sharate-aaj/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-02|title=Sharate Aaj goes beyond the conventions of the slam-bang thriller|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/sharate-aaj-review-zee-5-series-parambrata-chatterjee/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329210853/https://www.filmcompanion.in/sharate-aaj-review-zee-5-series-parambrata-chatterjee/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''Horn Ok Please''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |22 February 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-26|title=ZEE Entertainment announces the launch of ZEE5 ORIGINALS on its digital entertainment platform|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/zee-entertainment-announces-the-launch-of-zee5-originals-on-its-digital-entertainment-platform-2093860.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|first=India com Entertainment|date=2018-06-22|title=Zee5 Originals: Babbar Ka Tabbar to be The Ultimate Generation Battle?|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/zee5-originals-babbar-ka-tabbar-featuring-manu-rishi-anshuman-jha-and-ayesha-raza-to-showcase-generation-gap-with-a-twist-3125953/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=India.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[The Final Call (TV series)|''The Final Call'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |22 February 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-02-22|title=The Final Call first impression: Arjun Rampal's ZEE5 series combines spirituality with suspense|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-final-call-first-impression-arjun-rampal-zee5-5596538/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 2019|title=Arjun Rampal starrer The Final Call's story will send a chill down your spine|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/arjun-rampal-starrer-the-final-call-s-story-will-send-a-chill-down-your-spine-1444566-2019-02-01|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-02-22|title=Exclusive: Arjun Rampal gets candid on all things ZEE5's 'The Final Call'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-exclusive-arjun-rampal-gets-candid-on-all-things-zee5-s-the-final-call-2722936|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Sex Drugs and Theatre''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |5 March 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Rao|first=Soumya|title=A Dalit student's suicide shakes up a college in Zee5 web series 'Sex Drugs & Theatre'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/916402/a-dalit-students-suicide-shakes-up-a-college-in-zee5-web-series-sex-drugs-theatre|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Scroll.in|date=14 March 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-06|title=Sex, Drugs & Theatre: The trailer of the latest Marathi ZEE5 Original is intriguing, WATCH|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sex-drugs-theatre-the-trailer-of-the-latest-marathi-zee5-original-is-intriguing-watch-2726867|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-07|title=Sex, Drugs and Theater: वेब सीरीज की पिच पर एक स्पिन है सेक्स, ड्रग्स एंड थियेटर– News18 हिंदी|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/web-series-sex-drugs-and-theater-on-zee5-latest-web-series-sujay-dahake-aks-1734823.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=News18 India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Salunkhe|first=Sameer|date=2019-03-07|title=Sex Drugs & Theatre trailer: Sujay Dahake's web series doesn't give the high it should – watch video|url=https://cineblitz.in/news-gossip/sex-drugs-and-theatre-zee5-marathi-original-trailer-review/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=CineBlitz|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Mrs. Subbalakshmi''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |8 March 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-05|title=Lakshmi Manchu's Mrs Subbalakshmi Serial Premier's on March 8|url=https://www.teluguin.com/en/special-news/lakshmi-manchus-mrs-subbalakshmi-serial-premiers-on-march-8-80556.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717151252/https://www.teluguin.com/en/special-news/lakshmi-manchus-mrs-subbalakshmi-serial-premiers-on-march-8-80556.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Latest Telugu Political News {{!}} Telangana {{!}} Andhra Pradesh News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-08|title=Mrs Subbalakshmi first impression: A 'woman-centric drama' whose essence is marred by the writing|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mrs-subbalakshmi-first-impression-lakshmi-manchu-5617059/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abhay (TV series)|Abhay]] (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |20 March 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-02-08|title=Abhay first impression: Kunal Kemmu's show rushes to a conclusion|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/abhay-kunal-kemmu-first-impression-zee5-5575241/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-02-06|title=Zee5 launches procedural format crime thriller 'Abhay'|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-launches-procedural-format-crime-thriller-abhay-190206|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Watch: In Zee5's web series 'Abhay', Kunal Kemmu tries to find missing children|url=https://scroll.in/reel/911373/watch-in-zee5s-web-series-abhay-kunal-kemmu-tries-to-find-missing-children|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Scroll.in|date=30 January 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Abhay' review: Unbearably gruesome, this web series is best left unseen|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/mar/04/abhay-review-unbearably-gruesome-this-web-series-is-best-left-unseen-1946559.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=4 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Karenjit Kaur - The Untold Story of Sunny Leone]]''
''([[Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone#Season 3|season 3]])''
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |5 April 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunny Leone's ZEE5 Biopic Will Conclude With Season 3 on April 5|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/sunny-leone-karenjit-kaur-season-3-release-date-zee5-trailer-the-untold-story-2007343|access-date=2019-07-17|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=14 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rajesh|first=Author: Srividya|date=2018-11-20|title=ZEE5 Originals' Karenjit Kaur – The Untold Story of Sunny Leone to be back with Season 3|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/zee5-originals-karenjit-kaur-untold-story-sunny-leone-back-season-3/2018/11/20|access-date=2019-07-17|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Poison (web series)|''Poison'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Crime, Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |19 April 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-04|title=ZEE5 {{as written|annnounces [sic]}} its latest marquee original - poison|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-annnounces-its-latest-marquee-original-poison-190404|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-18|title=Arbaaz Khan returns as the baddie with ZEE5 original 'Poison'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-arbaaz-khan-returns-as-the-baddie-with-zee5-original-poison-2741096|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-06|title=Zee5 To Wow Audiences Again With New Series - 'POISON'!|url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/2019/04/zee5-to-wow-audiences-again-with-new-series-poison/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Urban Asian|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-11|title=Poison, ZEE5's Latest Crime Thriller Debuts Arbaaz Khan {{!}} Webfare .live|url=https://www.webfare.live/latest-news/poison-zee5s-latest-crime-thriller-debuts-arbaaz-khan/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Webfare|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Auto Shankar (web series)|''Auto Shankar'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |23 April 2019
|Tamil
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[High Priestess (TV series)|''High Priestess'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |25 April 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2019-04-18|title=Meet the 'High Priestess'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amala-akkineni-looks-forward-to-her-web-series-high-priestess-and-she-discusses-the-possibilities-of-the-digital-medium/article26874314.ece|access-date=2019-07-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=High Priestess teaser: Amala Akkineni's web series is here to scare you!|url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/high-priestess-teaser-amala-akkinenis-web-series-is-here-to-scare-you-371285.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717143230/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/high-priestess-teaser-amala-akkinenis-web-series-is-here-to-scare-you-371285.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-07-17|access-date=2019-07-17|website=in.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amala Akkineni makes web debut with 'High Priestess'|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/amala-akkineni-makes-web-debut-with-high-priestess-1.64792940|access-date=2019-07-17|website=gulfnews.com|date=24 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Krishna turns producer for Amala's web debut, High Priestess|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/apr/08/krishna-turns-producer-for-amalas-web-debut-high-priestess-10941.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=8 April 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|''Hutatma (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |1 May 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Rao|first=Soumya|title=The creation of Maharashtra gets a dramatised retelling in Zee5 web series 'Hutatma'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/921130/the-creation-of-maharashtra-gets-a-dramatised-retelling-in-zee5-web-series-hutatma|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Scroll.in|date=25 April 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 April 2019|title=Hutatma, a web series on the creation of Maharashtra|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/hutatma-a-web-series-on-the-creation-of-maharashtra-1510497-2019-04-26|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-26|title=ZEE5 announces historical drama 'Hutatma'|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5-announces-historical-drama-hutatma-190426|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-25|title=ZEE5 Original Hutatma Review: It Is an integral story that needs telling|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-original-hutatma-review-it-is-an-integral-story-that-needs-telling/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717143222/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5-original-hutatma-review-it-is-an-integral-story-that-needs-telling/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 July 2019|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Bhoot Purva''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |7 May 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-07|title=Horror-comedy TV show Bhoot Purva promises to be a laugh riot|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/horror-comedy-tv-show-bhoot-purva-promises-to-be-a-laugh-riot/20894157|access-date=2019-07-17|website=mid-day|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bhoot Purva is in a light, breezy space: Omkar Kapoor|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/09/bhoot-purva-is-in-a-light-breezy-space-omkar-kapoor-1974373.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-04-23|title=ZEE5's Bhoot Purva Brings a Ghost to Tickle Your Funny Bones! {{!}} Webfare .live|url=https://www.webfare.live/latest-news/zee5s-bhoot-purva-brings-a-ghost-to-tickle-your-funny-bones/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Webfare|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thiravam]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |21 May 2019
|Tamil
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Skyfire (TV Series)|''Skyfire'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |22 May 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jatin Goswami plays an intelligence agent in Zee5 show 'Skyfire'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/18/jatin-goswami-plays-an-intelligence-agent-in-zee5-show-skyfire-1978541.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=22 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-15|title=Sci-fi thriller series 'Skyfire' to stream on ZEE5 from 22 May|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/sci-fi-thriller-series-skyfire-to-stream-on-zee5-from-22-may/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717151253/https://www.televisionpost.com/sci-fi-thriller-series-skyfire-to-stream-on-zee5-from-22-may/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-25|title=Skyfire was waiting to be adapted: Author Aroon Raman on Zee5 series|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/skyfire-was-waiting-to-be-adapted-author-aroon-raman-zee5-series-5748210/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''Water Bottle''
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |11 June 2019
|Bengali
|<ref name="Baddhan">{{cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2019-06-06|title=ZEE5 to launch first comedy show 'Comedy Shots' & sports drama 'Bombers'|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-to-launch-first-comedy-show-comedy-shots-sports-drama-bombers/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Editor">{{cite web|title=ZEE5 to debut sports drama and stand-up comedy series this June|url=https://advanced-television.com/2019/06/06/zee5-to-debut-sports-drama-and-stand-up-comedy-series-this-june/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=advanced-television.com|date=6 June 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kaafir (Indian TV series)|''Kaafir'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |15 June 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=How Dia Mirza-Mohit Raina's 'Kaafir' was visualised for the screen|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/07/06/how-dia-mirza-mohit-raina-kaafir-was-visualised-for-the-screen.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dia Mirza opens up about playing Kainaaz in Kaafir and effects of #MeToo|url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/bollywood/dia-mirza-opens-up-about-playing-kainaaz-in-kaafir-and-effects-of-metoo-472865.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717151259/https://www.in.com/entertainment/bollywood/dia-mirza-opens-up-about-playing-kainaaz-in-kaafir-and-effects-of-metoo-472865.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-07-17|access-date=2019-07-17|website=in.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Kaafir trailer: Dia Mirza, Mohit Raina star in this intense web series set in Kashmir|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaafir-trailer-dia-mirza-mohit-raina-zee5-5752228/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-15|title=Kaafir first impression: Dia Mirza and Mohit Raina's web series seems promising|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaafir-first-impression-dia-mirza-mohit-raina-zee5-5781883/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''Postman''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |27 June 2019
|Tamil
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Comedy shots''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |28 June 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-11|title=Get Ready for a Blast of Comedy with ZEE5's Comedy Shots {{!}} Webfare .live|url=https://www.webfare.live/latest-news/get-ready-for-a-blast-of-comedy-with-zee5s-comedy-shots/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Webfare|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Baddhan" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Postoast|date=2019-06-30|title=Why Aadar Malik In ZEE5's Comedy Shots Is A Must-Watch This World Cup Season?|url=https://www.postoast.com/aadar-malik-zee5-comedy-shots/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Postoast|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Editor" />
|-
|''Hutatma (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |1 July 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-07-01|title=After the stupendous success of Hutatma season 1, ZEE5 announces season 2|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/after-the-stupendous-success-of-hutatma-season-1-zee5-announces-season-2-2215776.html|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-28|title=ZEE5 to premiere 'Hutatma 2' on 1 July|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/zee5-to-premiere-hutatma-2-on-1-july/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=TelevisionPost|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Kailasapuram''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |2 July 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-13|title=ZEE5 ANNOUNCES A POWERPACKED JUNE -|url=https://www.movified.com/zee5-announces-a-powerpacked-june/|access-date=2019-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-30|title=ZEE5 announces an interesting lineup for June|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/zee5-announces-interesting-lineup-june|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Box Office India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ishq Aaj Kal]] (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |4 July 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2019-07-04|title=ZEE5 launches spin-off show of 'Ishq Subhan Allah'|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-launches-spin-off-show-of-ishq-subhan-allah/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Team|first=Filmymonkey|date=2019-05-21|title='Bigg Boss 12' fame Roshmi Banik to make acting debut with 'Ishq Subhan Allah' spin-off; Paras Kalnawat & Ankitta Sharma finalised as leads?|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/ishq-subhan-allah-spin-off-ishq-aaj-kal-bigg-boss-12-contestant-roshmi-baniks-acting-debut-with-paras-kalnawat-ankitta-sharma-in-zee5-show-994549|access-date=2019-07-17|website=www.abplive.in|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-26|title=Ishq Aaj Kal, ZEE5's Spin-off of their Very Own 'Ishq Subhan Allah' {{!}} Webfare .live|url=https://www.webfare.live/latest-news/ishq-aaj-kal-zee5s-spin-off-of-their-very-own-ishq-subhan-allah/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Webfare|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''NERD: Neither Either Really Dead''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |5 July 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|last=admin|date=2019-07-06|title=This Monsoon get ready to enjoy an erotic ride with ZEE5's NERD|url=https://www.justshowbiz.net/this-monsoon-get-ready-to-enjoy-an-erotic-ride-with-zee5s-nerd/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=JustShowBiz|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bombers (web series)|''Bombers'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama, Sports
| style="text-align: center;" |14 July 2019
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-22|title=Ranvir Shorey: Bombers is a story of redemption|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ranvir-shorey-bombers-zee5-5794243/|access-date=2019-07-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title=Web series 'Bombers' explores the story of a Bengali football team fighting death and oblivion|url=https://scroll.in/reel/927621/web-series-bombers-explores-the-story-of-a-bengali-football-team-fighting-death-and-oblivion|access-date=2019-07-17|website=Scroll.in|date=20 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-06-11|title=ZEE5 globally debut its first Sports Drama 'Bombers and its first Stand Up Comedy Series 'Comedy Shots' this June|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee5-globally-debut-its-first-sports-drama-bombers-and-its-first-stand-up-comedy-series-comedy-shots-this-june-2759496|access-date=2019-07-17|website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=16 June 2019|title=Football star Sunil Chhetri to make his digital debut with Bombers|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/football-star-sunil-chhetri-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-bombers-1549889-2019-06-16|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>
|-
|''[[RejctX (Web series)|REJCTX]] (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Mystery, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |25 July 2019
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2019-07-23|title=ZEE5 launches musical series 'REJCTX'|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-launches-musical-series-rejctx/|access-date=2019-07-29|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-07-13|title=RejctX trailer: This ZEE5 web series is all about the misfits|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rejctx-trailer-this-zee5-web-series-is-all-about-misfits-5828005/|access-date=2019-07-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 June 2019|title=Kubbra Sait and Sumeet Vyas team up for musical web series Rejctx|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/kubbra-sait-and-sumeet-vyas-team-up-for-musical-web-series-rejctx-1554115-2019-06-22|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|''Madras Meter Show''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Comedy, Reality
| style="text-align: center;" |29 July 2019
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-30|title=ஜீ5 இணையதளத்தில் மெட்ராஸ் மீட்டர் ஷோ…..மிஸ் பண்ணாம பாருங்க….Review of Madras Meter Show|url=https://cinereporters.com/reviews/madras-meter-show-on-the-g5-website/c76339-w2906-cid246297-s10993.htm|access-date=2021-03-12|website=cinereporters.com|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ishq Aaj Kal]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |2 August 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Author: Editorial|date=2019-07-17|title=Ishq Aaj Kal Season 2 to stream on ZEE5 from 2 August|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/ishq-aaj-kal-season-2-stream-zee5-2-august/2019/07/17|access-date=2021-03-05|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-21|title=Ishq Aaj Kal (Love at these days) Episode 2 (Shivangi's craziness)|url=https://www.tellyupdates.com/ishq-aaj-kal-love-at-these-days-episode-2-shivangis-craziness/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Telly Updates|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Gondya Ala Re''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Action
| style="text-align: center;" |15 August 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2019|title=A Revolutionary Plot|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/a-revolutionary-plot/articleshow/70517551.cms|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Pune Mirror|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fingertip (web series)|''Fingertip'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |21 August 2019
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-09-21|title=Akshara Haasan's Finger Tip on Zee5|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/fingertip/0-6-1965}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Coldd Lassi Aur Chicken Masala]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |3 September 2019
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-03|title=Serial Chiller: Zee5's Fingertip is a highly relatable, acutely watchable series about modern Tamil lives |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/serial-chiller-zee5s-fingertip-is-a-highly-relatable-acutely-watchable-series-about-modern-tamil-lives-7268831.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ishq Aaj Kal]] (season 3)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |6 September 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=DNA Web|date=2018-11-01|title=Divyanka Tripathi to star opposite Rajeev Khadelwal in 'Coldd Lassi Aur Chicken Masala'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-divyanka-tripathi-to-star-opposite-rajeev-khadelwal-in-coldd-lassi-aur-chicken-masala-2681795|access-date=2021-03-05|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-22|title=Ishq Aaj Kal Season 3 Trailer: Arshad And Aaliya try to solve the mystery|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/tv/ishq-aaj-kal-season-3-trailer-arshad-and-aaliya-try-to-solve-the-mystery-1465018/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Bollywood Life|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Jamai 2.0 (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |10 September 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Jamai 2.0 first impression: A sequel nobody needed|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/jamai-2-0-first-impression-a-sequel-nobody-needed-5982996/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Saini|first=Nikhil|date=2021-02-26|title=OTT : Jamai 2.0 को पहले दिन नहीं मिला अच्छा रिस्पॉन्स|url=http://www.samacharnama.com/ott-jamai-2-0-did-not-get-good-response-on-day-one/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=समाचार नामा|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mission Over Mars]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |10 September 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mission Over Mars Now Streaming on ALTBalaji and ZEE5|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/mission-over-mars-altbalaji-web-series-download-india-release-date-zee5-2098579|access-date=2021-03-05|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=10 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-10|title=Mona Singh: Mission Over Mars is very different from Mission Mangal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mona-singh-mission-over-mars-is-very-different-from-mission-mangal-5983408/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Krishanu Krishanu''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Biopic
| style="text-align: center;" |16 September 2019
|Bengali
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Samarpita|date=2020-03-21|title=Binge-watch time! Bengali web-series to catch up with while you are on a lockdown|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/binge-watch-time-bengali-web-series-catch-while-you-are-lockdown-815653|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Verdict - State vs Nanavati]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|[[Court room]] [[drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" |30 September 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-12|title=The Verdict-State Vs Nanavati second trailer: ALTBalaji-ZEE5 series seems like a compelling retelling|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-verdict-state-vs-nanavati-second-trailer-manav-kaul-sumeet-vyas-altbalaji-5985802/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-09|title=The Verdict State Vs Nanavati review: A gripping re-telling of a controversial case|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-verdict-state-vs-nanavati-review-a-gripping-re-telling-of-a-controversial-case-6060644/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gods of Dharmapuri|''G.O.D. - Gods Of Dharmapuri'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |1 October 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-11-14|title=Anish Kurivilla's interview on Zee5|work=Zee Telugu |url=https://zeetelugu.zee5.com/exclusive-g-o-d-director-anish-kuruvilla-talks-about-success-season-2-and-more/}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaale Dhande''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |2 October 2019
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=SpotboyE|title=Kaale Dhande: A New Marathi Web Series Starring Mahesh Manjrekar, Sanskruti Balgude And Shubhankar Tawde Coming Soon|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/kaale-dhande-a-new-marathi-web-series-starring-mahesh-manjrekar-sanskruti-balgude-and-shubhankar-tawde-coming-soon/5d64f0e509da697670cc8cb0|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.spotboye.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fixerr]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |15
|Action, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |7 October 2019
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=The Hans|date=2019-09-12|title=ALT Balaji Drops Fixerr Official Poster|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/alt-balaji-drops-fixerr-official-poster-563232|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fittrat]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |15
|Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |18 October 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=NS|title=ALTBalaji Strikes the Right Note WithThe Original Soundtracks of FITTRAT, Unveils the Slick Trailer & Takesthe Excitement Level to an All-Time High – APN News|date=9 October 2019 |url=https://www.apnnews.com/altbalaji-strikes-the-right-note-withthe-original-soundtracks-of-fittrat-unveils-the-slick-trailer-takesthe-excitement-level-to-an-all-time-high/|access-date=2021-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Nisha''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |18 October 2019
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nisha web series review: A disservice to the web series space|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2019/oct/18/nisha-web-series-review-pathetic-and-despicable-work-that-has-no-reason-to-exist-14980.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=18 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhram (web series)|''Bhram'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Thriller, Horror
| style="text-align: center;" |24 October 2019
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-26|title=Kalki Koechlin on 'Bhram': 'It's More of a Psychological Thriller Than a Horror Story' -|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/kalki-koechlin-bhram-psychological-thriller-horror-story/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=My Site|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ishq Aaj Kal]] (season 4)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |30 October 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chowdhury|first=Chitra Home|title=Ishq Aaj Kal Season 4 All Episodes Download HD Free Streaming Online On ZEE5 Original|url=https://www.dekhnews.com/entertainment/ishq-aaj-kal-season-4/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229023543/https://www.dekhnews.com/entertainment/ishq-aaj-kal-season-4/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 December 2019|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.dekhnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Police Diary 2.0''
| style="text-align: center;" |20
|Crime, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |8 November 2019
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Subramanian|first=Anupama|date=2019-11-02|title=Police Diary inspired from real life crimes|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/021119/police-diary-inspired-from-real-life-crimes.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Virgin Bhasskar (webseries)|''Virgin Bhasskar'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Erotic Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |19 November 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shah|first=Naseem|date=2019-11-22|title='VIRGIN BHASSKAR' REVIEW: बनाने वालों को भगवान सदबुद्धि दे|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment/streaming/virgin-bhasskar-review/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hawala (TV series)|''Hawala'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |21 November 2019
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Kamadana|first=Pradeep|title=Hawala Review: A botched thriller|url=https://theenvoyweb.com/reviews/zee5-hawala-review/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=The Envoy Web|date=4 December 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Broken But Beautiful]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Romance, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |27 November 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-05|title=Sidharth Shukla and Sonia Rathee to star in Broken But Beautiful 3|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/sidharth-shukla-and-sonia-rathee-to-star-in-broken-but-beautiful-3-7085507/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Karoline Kamakshi]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Comedy, Action
| style="text-align: center;" |1 December 2019
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meena makes web series debut with Zee5's action-comedy, Karoline Kamakshi|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/aug/06/meena-makes-web-series-debut-with-zee5s-action-comedy-karoline-kamakshi-13471.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=6 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Hum Tum and Them''
| style="text-align: center;" |15
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |6 December 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-02|title=Shweta Tiwari on Hum Tum And Them: It pushed me out of my comfort zone|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shweta-tiwari-hum-tum-and-them-trailer-instagram-post-ekta-kapoor-akshay-oberoi-altbalaji-6146252/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Three Half Bottles''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Romance, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |15 December 2019
|Telugu{{Br}}Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toleti|first=Siddartha|date=2019-12-19|title=Three Half Bottles Zee5 Series Review - An Amateurs Guide To Filmmaking|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/three-half-bottles-zee5-series-review/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Binged|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ragini MMS: Returns]] (season 1 and 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |27
|Horror
| style="text-align: center;" |18 December 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-11|title=Ragini MMS Returns Season 2 to feature Varun Sood and Divya Agarwal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ragini-mms-returns-2-video-varun-sood-divya-agarwal-5722752/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rangbaaz (web series)|Rangbaaz]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |20 December 2019
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-25|title=ZEE5 announces the premiere date of Rangbaaz Phirse|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/zee5-announces-the-premiere-date-of-rangbaaz-phirse/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=EasternEye|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}

== 2020 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|''The Chargesheet: Innocent or Guilty?''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |7 January 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 January 2020|title=Ashoke Pandit: It's a great time for people like me with stories to tell|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/its-a-great-time-for-people-like-me-with-stories-to-tell/articleshow/73712402.cms|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Pune Mirror|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Karkat Rogue''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |10 January 2020
|Bengali{{Br}}Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karkat Rogue review: ক্যানসার নিয়ে থ্রিলার দর্শকের আগ্রহ ধরে রাখে|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/zee5-medical-thriller-chitrangada-rajesh-sharma-starrer-karkat-rogue-web-series-review-180878/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Indian Express Bangla|date=15 January 2020 |language=bn-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Code M]] (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Mystery
| style="text-align: center;" |15 January 2020
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jennifer Winget's character in ALTBalaji's 'Code M' revealed; check deets inside|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/entertainment/bollywood/jennifer-winget-character-in-altbalajis-code-m-revealed-check-deets-inside-227337.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=News Nation English|date=13 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Never Kiss Your Best Friend (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |20 January 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-28|title=Never Kiss Your Best Friend review: An easy-breezy show on love and friendship|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/never-kiss-your-best-friend-review-nakuul-mehta-anya-singh-6238731/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Anaganaga]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |23 January 2020
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Series|first=My Web|title=Anaganaga ( 2020 ) Telugu Web Series : Release Date, Cast and More|url=https://www.mywebseries.info/2019/12/anaganaga-2020-telugu-web-series.html|access-date=2020-09-12|website=My Web Series Info}}</ref>
|-
|''Judgement Day''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |2 February 2020
|Bengali{{Br}}Hindi
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to|title=From 'Judgement Day' to 'Shukranu,' ZEE5 Global Announces a Power- Packed Lineup For February|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/from-judgement-day-to-shukranu-zee5-global-announces-a-power--packed-lineup-for-february/article_d60f8572-49d3-11ea-b20f-3bbbe66e9e43.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India West|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[XXX (web series)|XXX]] (season 1 and 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|[[Erotic Art|Erotic]], [[Romance film|Romance]], [[Drama (genre)|Drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" |8 February 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-11|title=ALTBalaji and ZEE5 to launch the season finale with two episodes of XXX Uncensored season 2|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/altbalaji-and-zee5-to-launch-the-season-finale-with-two-episodes-of-xxx-uncensored-season-2/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226092747/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/altbalaji-and-zee5-to-launch-the-season-finale-with-two-episodes-of-xxx-uncensored-season-2/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|''Topless''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Comedy, Action
| style="text-align: center;" |11 February 2020
|Tamil
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[Chadarangam (web series)|''Chadarangam'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Political Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |20 February 2020
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Keramalu|first=Karthik|date=25 February 2020|title='Chadarangam' review: Zee5 series is yet another misfire inspired by NTR's life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chadarangam-review-zee5-series-yet-another-misfire-inspired-ntrs-life-118887|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chadarangam: a web-series on the dark secrets of a famous politician - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chadarangam-a-web-series-on-the-dark-secrets-of-a-famous-politician/articleshow/74191908.cms|access-date=2020-09-12|website=The Times of India|date=18 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kodak|first1=AuthorMythreya|last2=la|title='Chadarangam', political game of power|url=https://telanganatoday.com/chadarangam-political-game-of-power|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''It Happened In Calcutta''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |29 February 2020
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''[[Mentalhood]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |11 March 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 June 2019|title=Karisma Kapoor wraps up shooting for her digital debut Mentalhood|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/karisma-kapoor-wraps-up-shooting-for-her-digital-debut-mentalhood-1543125-2019-06-05|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kannamoochi]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Horror, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |13 March 2020
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Kannamoochi' review: A pleasantly surprising web series about unpleasant things|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/mar/21/kannamoochi-review-a-pleasantly-surprising-web-series-about-unpleasant-things-2119442.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The New Indian Express|date=21 March 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Amrutham Dhvitheeyam]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |26
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |25 March 2020
|Telugu
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-03-25|title=Amrutham Dhvihteeyam on Zee5|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/amrutham-dhvitheeyam/0-6-2548}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A fun ride review. A fun ride Telugu Webseries review, story, rating|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-fun-ride-review-telugu-webseries-1595230282|access-date=2020-09-12|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=sirisha|date=2020-04-05|title=Amrutham dhvitheeyam Season 2 Review, A hilarious Comedy Show- Story, Cast and Crew|url=https://omfut.com/bollywood/reviews/amrutham-dhvitheeyam-season-2-review-a-hilarious-comedy-show-story-cast-and-crew/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Omfut|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[State of Siege: 26/11|State of Siege 26/11]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Thriller, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |20 March 2020
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|date=29 November 2019|title=15 ZEE5 best web series #Updated which is worth watching.|url=https://mowebiseedia.com/zee5-best-web-series/}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Who's Your Daddy (web series)#Season 1 (April 2020)|Who's Your Daddy (season 1)]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |2 April 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to|title=ALTBalaji and ZEE5 Unveil First Look of Dramedy 'Who's Your Daddy?'|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/altbalaji-and-zee5-unveil-first-look-of-dramedy-who-s-your-daddy/article_3b7be5c4-7835-11ea-adfd-87de2acc7429.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India West|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]] (season 1 and 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |40
|Romance, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |6 May 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-25|title=Sharman Joshi: Baarish is perfect for a Sunday family binge|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sharman-joshi-baarish-is-perfect-for-a-sunday-family-binge-5693522/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[RejctX (Web series)|REJCTX]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Mystery, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |14 May 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2020|title=REJCTX Season 2 teaser out: Esha Gupta will go to any lengths to find the truth|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/rejctx-season-2-teaser-out-esha-gupta-will-go-to-any-lengths-to-find-the-truth-1668138-2020-04-17|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Loser (web series)|''Loser'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Sports, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |20 May 2020
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Loser Season 1 Review: A predictable yet engaging sports drama|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/loser/loser-season-1/seasonreview/76269346.cms|access-date=2020-09-12}}</ref>
|-
|''Bhalla Calling Bhalla''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |20 May 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=TelanganaToday|title='Bhalla Calling Bhalla' trailer will leave you in splits!|url=https://telanganatoday.com/bhalla-calling-bhalla-trailer-will-leave-you-in-splits|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaali (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |29 May 2020
|Hindi{{Br}}Bengali
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paoli Dam is back in Zee5 crime thriller Kaali 2|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/paoli-dam-is-back-in-zee5-crime-thriller-kaali-2/cid/1776843|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ZEE5's Latest Crime Thriller 'Kaali 2' Tops Our Binge-Watch List|url=https://www.femina.in/trending/in-the-news/our-weekend-binge-watch-is-here-kaali-2_-159578.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=femina.in|date=30 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]] (season 3)''
| style="text-align: center;" |19
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |6 June 2020
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain' Back With Season 3 On AltBalaji And Zee5|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/kehne-ko-humsafar-hain-back-with-season-3-and-will-stream-from-june-6-on-altbalaji-and-zee5-49922|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Mumbai Live|date=20 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Casino (web series)|The Casino]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime, Action
| style="text-align: center;" |12 June 2020
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-06-12|title=The Casino actor Mandana Karimi: For years, I tried to be as Indian as possible|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mandana-karimi-the-casino-karanavir-bohra-zee5-6452602/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-06-12|title=The Casino Web Series Review: The ZEE5 Crime Thriller Has One Too Many Murders|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/web-series/the-casino-web-series-review-the-zee5-crime-thriller-has-one-too-many-murders-300063.html|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Filmibeat.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Sathya - Lockdown Special (season 1)''
| style="text-align: center;" |13
|Comedy, Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |15 June 2020
|Tamil
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|''Never Kiss Your Best Friend (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |18 June 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Never Kiss Your Best Friend: Lockdown Special Season 2 Review: It's a light and easy-breezy watch|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/never-kiss-your-best-friend-lockdown-special/seasonreview/76450248.cms|access-date=2021-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|''Lalbazaar''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime
| style="text-align: center;" |19 June 2020
|Bengali
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Lalbazaar on Zee5|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/lalbazaar/0-6-2176|access-date=2020-06-21|website=comingsoon.zee5.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mafia (Indian web series)|''Mafia'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |10 July 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mafia on Zee5|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/mafia/0-6-2881|access-date=2020-07-10|website=zee5.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Churails]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |11 August 2020
|Urdu
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Breaking patriarchal shackles|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/breaking-patriarchal-shackles-124182|access-date=2020-08-17|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abhay (TV series)|Abhay]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |14 August 2020
| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-28|title=Abhay 2 actor Kunal Kemmu: I have understood the importance of associating with good makers|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/abhay-2-actor-kunal-kemmu-never-got-a-great-romantic-film-6589454/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Abhay Season 2 Review: A gripping crime thriller with twisted characters|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/abhay/season-2/seasonreview/77504691.cms|access-date=2021-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhanwar (web series)]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|[[Sci-fi]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| style="text-align: center;" |18 August 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Shefali|date=2020-08-28|title=Bhanwar Review: Karanvir Bohra's web-series is a suspenseful ride|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bhanwar-review-karanvir-bohras-web-series-suspenseful-ride-827172|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Virgin Bhasskar (webseries)|Virgin Bhasskar]] (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Erotic Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |29 August 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to|title=Season 2 of Rom-Com 'Virgin Bhasskar' Now Playing on ALTBalaji and ZEE5|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/season-2-of-rom-com-virgin-bhasskar-now-playing-on-altbalaji-and-zee5/article_c765e31a-ebb6-11ea-a7cd-475d1e5a7f16.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India West|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2020-08-17|title=In Video: Trailer of 'Virgin Bhasskar - Season 2' on ALTBalaji & ZEE5|url=http://www.bizasialive.com/in-video-trailer-of-virgin-bhasskar-season-2-on-altbalaji-zee5/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bebaakee]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |31
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |30 August 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Bebaakee trailer: Kushal Tandon gets entangled in a love triangle starring Shiv Jyoti Rajput, Karan Jotwani|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bebaakee-trailer-kushal-tandon-gets-entangled-in-a-love-triangle-starring-shiv-jyoti-rajput-karan-jotwani/story-5OLoRwXIBjKPCyQjQWMv7L.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Forbidden Love''
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|Romance, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |25 September 2020
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|[[Expiry Date (miniseries)|''Expiry Date'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |2 October 2020
|Telugu{{Br}}Hindi
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|''[[Gandii Baat]] (season 4 and 5)''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Erotic, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |8 October 2020
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|''[[Poison 2]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Crime, Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |16 October 2020
|{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}
|-
|''Thanthu Vitten Ennai''
| style="text-align: center;" |25
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |23 October 2020
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-22|title=தர்ஷா குப்தாவின் 'தந்துவிட்டேன் என்னை' வெப் சீரிஸ் ட்ரைலர் வெளியீடு….!|url=https://www.patrikai.com/thanthu-vitten-ennai-trailer-released/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Patrikai - Tamil Daily - latest online local breaking news & reviews - Tamilnadu, India & World - politics, cinema, cricket, video & cartoon|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=S|first=Mari|date=2020-10-28|title=நான் லூசு தான்.. ஆனால், அவ்ளோ லூசு இல்லை.. பிரபல சீரியல் நடிகைகள் ஸ்ரீ துர்கா, நீபா ஜாலி பேட்டி!|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/thanthuvitten-ennai-serial-actress-neepa-and-sri-durga-special-interview-076583.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Tamil.filmibeat.com|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''Taish''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |29 October 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bejoy Nambiar commences the shoot for his revenge drama 'Taish' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bejoy-nambiar-commences-the-shoot-for-his-revenge-drama-taish/articleshow/70449387.cms|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Times of India|date=30 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mugilan]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |30 October 2020
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramya Pandian makes digital debut with ZEE5's Mugilan|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/16/ramya-pandian-makes-digital-debut-with-zee5s-mugilan-20821.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ek Jhoothi Love Story (web series)|Ek Jhoothi Love Story]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |18
|Drama, Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |30 October 2020
|Urdu
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-08|title=Watch: ZEE 5 drops trailer of Mehreen Jabbar's 'Ek Jhooti Love Story'|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2267515/watch-zee-5-drops-trailer-of-mehreen-jabbars-ek-jhooti-love-story|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Cutacut Editorial|date=2020-09-28|title=Ek Jhooti Love story to release on Zee5 next month|url=https://cutacut.com/2020/09/28/ek-jhooti-love-story-to-launch-on-zee5-on-october-30/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=cutacut|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mum Bhai]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |12 November 2020
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to|title=ALTBalaji and ZEE5 Premium Launch 'Mum Bhai' Through Digital Press Conference|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/altbalaji-and-zee5-premium-launch-mum-bhai-through-digital-press-conference/article_b314e79a-2512-11eb-bd44-d3ab66adbeb0.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India West|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=Angad Bedi: Mum Bhai is the story of an underdog|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/angad-bedi-mum-bhai-is-the-story-of-an-underdog-6913485/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bicchoo Ka Khel]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Action, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |18 November 2020
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|''[[Dark 7 White]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Crime, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |24 November 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=India-West|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to|title=ALTBalaji and ZEE5 Club Rope in Abigail Pande for 'Dark 7 White'|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/altbalaji-and-zee5-club-rope-in-abigail-pande-for-dark-7-white/article_925a1710-f90b-11ea-9812-1b75a16ba7fa.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India West|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[PubGoa]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Sci-fi
| style="text-align: center;" |27 November 2020
|Tamil
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
|-
|''[[Naxalbari (web series)|Naxalbari]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |28 November 2020
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=What to watch on November 28: Naxalbari is now streaming on ZEE5|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/what-to-watch-on-november-28-naxalbari-is-streaming-on-zee5-7069009/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Black Widows (web series)|Black Widows]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |12
|Comedy, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |18 December 2020
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=Black Widows trailer: Of three women reclaiming agency from abusive husbands|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/black-widows-trailer-swastika-mukherjee-mona-singh-shamita-shetty-7054619/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Pradeep|date=2020-12-15|title='Black Widows' symbolises women taking back power|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/black-widows-symbolises-women-taking-back-power/article33336791.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''Singa Penne''
| style="text-align: center;" |25
|Drama, Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |22 December 2020
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=ravit|title=Singa Penne Tamil Web Series All Episodes Streaming On Zee5 Review Spoiler & Cast|url=https://www.uptobrain.com/singa-penne-tamil-web-series-all-episodes-streaming-on-zee5-review-spoiler-cast/|access-date=2021-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Who's Your Daddy (web series)#Season 2 (December 2020)|Who's Your Daddy (season 2)]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Drama, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |22 December 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trailer: 'Who's Your Daddy?' Season 2 {{!}} Cast: Bhavin Bhanushali, Sameeksha Sud, Anushka Sharma|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/trailer-who%27s-your-daddy-season-2-cast-bhavin-bhanushali-sameeksha-sud-anushka-sharma-59203|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Mumbai Live|date=16 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shootout at Alair|Shoot-out At Alair]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Action
| style="text-align: center;" |25 December 2020
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=TelanganaToday|title=Trailer of 'Shoot-out at Alair' unveiled|url=https://telanganatoday.com/trailer-of-shoot-out-at-alair-unveiled|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Telangana Today|date=10 December 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2020-12-24|title='Shootout at Alair is as objective as possible'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-anand-ranga-speaks-about-web-series-shootout-at-alair/article33410965.ece|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paurashpur]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Periodic, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |29 December 2020
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Paurashpur trailer: A tale of lust, revenge and gender politics|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paurashpur-trailer-a-tale-of-lust-revenge-and-gender-politics-7096656/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-29|title=Paurashpur: Story, series cast & everything about the Zee5, Alt Balaji show|url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/alt-balaji-zee5-series-paurashpur-real-story-cast-milind-soman-shilpa-shinde/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Lifestyle Asia India|language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== 2021 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}

|-
|''[[Jeet Ki Zid]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Drama, Action
| style="text-align: center;" |22 January 2021
| rowspan="7" |Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-24|title=Jeet Ki Zid release: Highlights|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/jeet-ki-zid-release-live-updates-amit-sadh-7156359/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bang Baang]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |25 January 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Mr Faisu to make his acting debut with Bang Baang|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mr-faisu-to-make-his-acting-debut-with-bang-baang-the-sound-of-crimes-6577533/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[LSD - Love, Scandal and Doctors|LSD - Love, Scandal & Doctors]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |15
|Mystery, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |5 February 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Rahul Dev to Lead New Medical Thriller Series 'LSD - Love, Scandal and Doctors'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/altbalaji-zee5-unveil-new-show-lsd-love-scandal-and-doctors-3141362.html|access-date=2021-03-17|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical Drama LSD - Love, Scandal & Doctors now streaming on ZEE5 and|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/medical-drama-lsd-love-scandal-and-doctors-now-streaming-on-zee5-and-altbalaji-61282|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Mumbai Live|date=8 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Crashh]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|[[Siblings]] [[Drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" |14 February 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chowdhury|first=Rishita|date=4 February 2021|title=Crashh trailer out. Ekta Kapoor's drama series to premiere on Zee5 on Feb 14|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/crashh-trailer-out-ekta-kapoor-s-drama-series-to-premiere-on-zee5-on-feb-14-1765745-2021-02-04|access-date=2021-03-05|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dev DD#Season 2|Dev DD 2]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |17
|Drama, Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |20 February 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=IANS|title='Dev DD' season 2 brings back Rashmi Agdekar in lesbian avatar|url=https://telanganatoday.com/dev-dd-season-2-brings-back-rashmi-agdekar-in-lesbian-avatar|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Telangana Today|date=17 February 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Jamai 2.0 (season 2)''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |26 February 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-27|title=Nia Sharma on shooting intimate scenes for Jamai 2.0 season 2 with Ravi Dubey: Our chemistry is flawless|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/nia-sharma-on-shooting-intimate-scenes-for-jamai-raja-2-0-with-ravi-dubey-our-chemistry-is-flawless-7206220/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-20|title=Nia Sharma talks about her style statement on show 'Jamai 2.0'|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/nia-sharma-statement-about-her-fashion-statement-ta321-1147176-1.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=News Track|language=English}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Married Woman]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |8 March 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=The Married Woman director Sahir Raza: If people are offended by the story, they can switch it off|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-married-woman-director-sahir-raza-if-people-are-offended-by-the-story-they-can-switch-it-off-7220383/|access-date=2021-03-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-06|title=Streaming Now: Celebrate Women's Day with Bombay Begums and The Married Woman|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/streaming-now-celebrate-womens-day-with-bombay-begums-and-the-married-woman-3505709.html|access-date=2021-03-10|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Qubool Hai 2.0]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
|Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |12 March 2021
|[[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-26|title=Karan Singh Grover and Surbhi Jyoti to return with Qubool Hai 2, this time as a web series on Zee5|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/karan-singh-grover-and-surbhi-jyoti-to-return-with-qubool-hai-2-this-time-as-a-web-series-on-zee5/story-bFURMbCDsWP7F6GocfUIoJ.html|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2021-02-11|title=Karan Singh Grover returns with Qubool Hai 2.0; says, 'girls seem to be in love with Asad'|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/karan-singh-grover-returns-with-qubool-hai-2-0-says-girls-seem-to-be-in-love-with-asad-684278|access-date=2021-03-17|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Contract (TV series)|Contract]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |18 March 2021
|Bengali
|Bangladesh
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Correspondent|first=BizAsia|date=2021-03-18|title=ZEE5 releases first Bangladeshi web-series original 'Contract'|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-releases-first-bangladeshi-web-series-original-contract/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Digital Studio|first=Middle East Staff|date=19 March 2021|title=ZEE5 Global releases its first Bangladeshi web-series original 'Contract'|url=https://www.digitalstudiome.com/broadcast/broadcast-business/36583-zee5-global-releases-its-first-bangladeshi-web-series-original-contract|access-date=26 April 2021|newspaper=Digital Studio Middle East}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mai Hero Boll Raha Hu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |13
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |20 April 2021
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-23|title=Mai Hero Boll Raha Hu first impression: Parth Samthaan-starrer web series is full filmy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mai-hero-boll-raha-hu-first-impression-the-parth-samthaan-web-series-is-full-filmy-7283750/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sunflower (web series)|Sunflower]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |11 June 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-12|title=Sunflower review: Sunil Grover shines in this half-baked ZEE5 show|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/sunflower-review-sunil-grover-shines-zee5-7353397/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dhoop Ki Deewar]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
|Social, Tragedy
| style="text-align: center;" | 25 June 2021
|Urdu
|Pakistan
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Dhoop Ki Deewar: Where and when to watch the Pakistani series|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dhoop-ki-deewar-to-have-weekly-episodic-release-when-and-where-to-watch-zindagi-series-7373987/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lol Salaam|LOL Salaam]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
|Comedy, Adventure
| style="text-align: center;" | 25 June 2021
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-25|title=Lol Salaam Webseries: లాల్ సలామ్ వెబ్ సిరీస్ విడుదల, ZEE5 Appలో వీక్షించండి|url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/lol-salaam-telugu-webseries-released-on-zee5-app-44352|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Zee News Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
| ''Bittan : Tumhara Time Aayega!''
| {{TBA}}
|Romantic, Comedy
| {{TBA}}
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|India
|
|-
| ''Gogo Family Aur woh''
| {{TBA}}
|Comedy
| {{TBA}}
|India
|
|-
| ''[[Ladies & Gentlemen (ZEE5 Original)|Ladies & Gentleman]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |9 July 2021
|Bengali
|Bangladesh
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Ladies & Gentlemen Season 1 Review: Powerful performances set the tone for this crime drama|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/bengali/ladies-gentlemen/season-1/seasonreview/84340579.cms|access-date=2021-07-23}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta-Its Never too Late]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
| Drama, Romance
| style="text-align: center;" |15 September 2021
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
| India
|
|-
| ''[[Break Point (2021 TV series)|Break Point]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 7
| Documentary
| style="text-align: center;" | 1 October 2021
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahesh Bhupathi: Even Though Things Were Not Great Between Leander Paes and Me, There Was Still Success|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-mahesh-bhupathi-even-though-things-were-not-great-between-leander-paes-and-me-there-was-still-success/396298|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Outlookindia.com|date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[E Emon Porichoy (TV series)|E Emon Porichoy]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 20
|Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |27 October 2021
|Bengali
|Bangladesh
|
|-
|''[[Oka Chinna Family Story]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Comedy, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |19 November 2021
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Citation|title=OKA Chinna Family Story Season 1 Review: Organic wit served with heart-warming innocence|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/oka-chinna-family-story/oka-chinna-family-story-season-1/seasonreview/87718814.cms|access-date=2021-11-30}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Qatil Haseenaon Ke Naam]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Crime fiction, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |19 November 2021
|Urdu
|Pakistan
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Qatil Haseenaon Ke Naam review: Thought-provoking feminist noir|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/qatil-haseenaon-ke-naam-review-thought-provoking-and-entertaining-7665391/|access-date=2022-03-01|website=Indianexpress.com|date=10 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== 2022 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |10
| Comedy, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" | 7 January 2022
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati trailer: This dysfunctional royal family is a hoot|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaun-banegi-shikharwati-trailer-zee5-7687258/|access-date=2022-01-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mukti (web series)|Mukti]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Period, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |26 January 2022
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Arindam|date=25 Jan 2022|title=Director Rohan Ghose gets candid about 'Mukti'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/interview-director-rohan-ghose-gets-candid-about-mukti/cid/1849038|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vilangu (web series)|Vilangu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |18 February 2022
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1 Feb 2022|title=Vemal to make his OTT debut with web series titled Vilangu|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/01/vemal-to-make-his-ott-debut-with-web-series-titled-vilangu-29449.html|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mithya (web series)|Mithya]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Period, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |18 February 2022
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagaraj|first=Sindhu|date=9 Feb 2022|title=Avantika Dassani: 'Mithya' is the story of two women and their personal lives|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/avantika-dassani-mithya-is-the-story-of-two-women-and-their-personal-lives/article38402399.ece|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sutliyan]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Family drama
| style="text-align: center;" |4 March 2022
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2022|title=Sutliyan release: Diwali|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18293294/|access-date=2022-03-04|website=IMDb|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gaalivaana]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Crime, Mystery
| style="text-align: center;" |14 March 2022
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-15 |title=కొడుకును చంపినవాడే ఇంటికొస్తే.. 'గాలివాన' వెబ్‌ సిరీస్‌ రివ్యూ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/galivana-web-series-review-and-rating-telugu-1449083 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Anantham (web series)|Anantham]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Family drama
| style="text-align: center;" |22 April 2022
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-15 |title=Review- Anantham is An endearing series, despite the blemishes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/apr/23/review-anantham-is-an-endearing-series-despitethe-blemishes-2445305.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |98
|Romantic drama
| style="text-align: center;" |2 May 2022
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swati Shah joins Pyaar Ka Pehla Naam Radha Mohan cast |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/swati-shah-joins-pyaar-ka-pehla-naam-radha-mohan-cast-391122 |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Broken News]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Drama, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |10 June 2022
|Hindi
|India
|-
|[[Recce (web series)|''Recce'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |17 June 2022
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Recce Season 1 Review: This original crime thriller takes Telugu web series up by a notch |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/recce/season-1/seasonreview/92249155.cms |access-date=2022-06-30}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saas Bahu Achaar Pvt. Ltd.]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Family drama
| style="text-align: center;" |8 July 2022
|Hindi
|India
|
|-
|''[[Maa Neella Tank]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |15 July 2022
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Neella Tank : పూజా హెగ్డే చేతులు మీదుగా సుశాంత్ 'మా నీళ్ల ట్యాంక్' ట్రైలర్‌ విడుదల.. జూలై 15 నుంచి స్ట్రీమింగ్.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/maa-neella-tank-web-series-trailer-launch-by-pooja-hegde-zee5s-maa-neella-tank-the-sushanth-priya-anand-series-to-premiere-from-july-15-ta-1362542.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=News18 Telugu |date=8 July 2022 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Duranga]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
|Crime Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |19 August 2022
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-19 |title=Duranga review: Gulshan Devaiah delivers his career-best performance opposite Drashti Dhami in creepy thriller |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/duranga-review-gulshan-devaiah-delivers-his-career-best-performance-opposite-drashti-dhami-in-creepy-thriller-101660871214368.html |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hello World (web series)|Hello World]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |12 August 2022
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-19 |title=Hello World Season 1|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/hello-world/hello-world-season-1/seasonreview/93637962.cms |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[TVF Tripling|TVF Tripling (Season 3)]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" |21 October 2022
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|India
|{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|''[[Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy|Mukhbir The Story of a Spy]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Espionage drama
| style="text-align: center;" |11 November 2022
|India
|{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|''[[Five Six Seven Eight]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Dance, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |18 November 2022
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Six Seven Eight Series Review: Electrifying performances elevate this insipid drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/nov/19/five-six-seven-eight-series-review-electrifying-performances-elevate-this-insipid-drama-36810.html |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (web series)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy, Romantic drama
| style="text-align: center;" |17 November 2022
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title='Aha Naa Pellanta' on OTT platform: Release date, where to watch, cast and plot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/aha-naa-pellanta-on-ott-platform-release-date-where-to-watch-cast-and-plot-2297409-2022-11-15 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[TVF Pitchers#Season 2 2|Pitchers Season 2]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Comedy, Drama
| style="text-align: center;" |23 December 2022
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TVF Pitchers Is The Latest Experiment By The Viral Fever Guys And We Think It's Rather Cool!|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/pitchers-s2-trailer-out-naveen-kasturia-abhishek-banerjee-are-back-but-fans-miss-jitendra-kumar-2308678-2022-12-13|accessdate=2022-12-15|website=IndiaToday|date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|}

== 2023 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| ''[[Shikarpur (web series)|Shikarpur]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |9
| Thriller, Comedy
| style="text-align: center;" | 6 January 2023
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title= The Lying Life of Adults, Shikarpur, Of An Age, JUNG_E: New teasers and trailers |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-lying-life-of-adults-shikarpur-of-an-age-jung_e-new-teasers-and-trailers/cid/1905087 |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=The Telegraph (India)|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[ATM (web series)|ATM]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Heist, Thriller
|style="text-align: center;" | 20 January 2023
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nelki Naresh |title=Aha Naa Pellanta Web Series: రాజ్‌త‌రుణ్‌, శివాని రాజ‌శేఖ‌ర్ అహ నా పెళ్ళంట వెబ్‌సిరీస్ స్ట్రీమింగ్ డేట్ ఇదే |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-web-series-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-raj-tarun-romantic-drama-series-121668338506877.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116114032/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-web-series-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-raj-tarun-romantic-drama-series-121668338506877.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jaanbaaz Hindustan Ke]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" | 26 January 2023
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title= Regina Cassandra's next is ZEE5's original series 'Jaanbaaz Hindustan Ke' |url= https://www.koimoi.com/television/ek-ladki-ko-dekha-toh-aisa-laga-fame-regina-cassandra-on-portraying-ips-officer-in-jaanbaaz-hindustan-ke-it-was-a-surreal-experience/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=Koimoi|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" | 26 January 2023
|Tamil
|India
|{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
|''[[Roktokorobi (TV series)|Roktokorobi]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |11
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" | 3 February 2023
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/bengali/roktokorobi-trailer-promises-a-gripping-suspense-thriller/articleshow/97120690.cms|title='Roktokorobi' trailer promises a gripping suspense thriller|work=The Times Of India|date=28 January 2023 |access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Puli Meka]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |23 February 2023
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puli Meka OTT release date: When & where to watch Aadi, Lavanya Tripathi's show |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/puli-meka-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-show-starring-aadi-saikumar-lavanya-tripathi/066e26a74f40 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[HT Media|OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shwetkali]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
|Action, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" |24 February 2023
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/bengali-actress-oindrila-sen-set-to-make-her-ott-debut/articleshow/89237652.cms|title=Bengali actress Oindrila Sen set to make her OTT debut
|work=The Times Of India|date=31 January 2022
|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Taj: Divided by Blood]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 18
|[[Historical]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3 March 2023
| rowspan="3" |Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-taj-divided-by-blood-trailer-video-released-naseeruddin-shah-dharmendra-aditi-rao-hydari-in-important-role-in-period-drama-23332758.html|title=Taj Divided By Blood: ट्रेलर हुआ जारी, नसीरुद्दीन शाह, धर्मेंद्र अदिति राव हैदरी का अहम रोल देखें वीडियो|work=Dainik Jagran|access-date=18 February 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[United Kacche]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|[[Slice of life]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 24 March 2023
|India
|
|-
|''[[Fireflies: Parth Aur Jugnu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|[[Fantasy]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5 May 2023
|India
|-
|''[[Vyavastha (Web Series)|Vyavastha]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|[[Legal drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28 April 2023
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |title= Zee5 announces its Telugu original legal drama series 'Vyavastha' |url= https://telanganatoday.com/zee5-announces-its-telugu-original-legal-drama-series-vyavastha |website=telanganatoday.com |date= 28 April 2023 | access-date=7 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maya Bazaar For Sale]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 7
|[[Comedy (drama)|comedy drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 14 July 2023
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |last1= Jha |first1= Lata |title= ZEE5 collaborates with Rana Daggubati for Telugu original|url= https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/zee5-announces-telugu-sitcom-maya-bazaar-for-sale-in-collaboration-with-rana-daggubati-s-spirit-media-11688624440791.html |website=livemint.com |date= 6 July 2023 | access-date=7 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Kashmir Files: Unreported]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 7
|[[documentary series]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11 Aug 2023
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Citation | title='From Tarla to The Kashmir Files Unreported: Zee5 announces its slate of upcoming shows and films |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/from-tarla-to-the-kashmir-files-unreported-zee5-announces-its-slate-of-upcoming-shows-and-films/b4397ff970840 |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abar Proloy]]''
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
|[[Crime drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11 Aug, 2023
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=রাত ২টো ৪১! রাজ চক্রবর্তীর সেটে 'সাদা-কালা..' গেয়ে 'হাওয়া' গরম করলেন নুসরত |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/nusraat-faria-at-raj-chakrabortys-abar-proloy-set-sang-sada-sada-kala-kala-550791/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Indian Express Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chhotolok]]''
|style="text-align: center;" | 9
|[[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3 Nov 2023
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news | title= Web series 'Chhotolok' to stream soon |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/web-series-chhotolok-to-stream-soon/articleshow/104035860.cms |access-date=25 October 2023|website=The Times Of India |date= 29 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Koose Munisamy Veerappan (TV series)|Koose Munisamy Veerappan]]''
|style="text-align: center;" | 6
|[[True crime]] docuseries,
| style="text-align: center;" | Dec 14, 2023
|Tamil,
|India
|<ref>{{Citation | title='Koose Munisamy Veerappan OTT release date - When and where to watch the docu-series on Veerappan |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/koose-munisamy-veerappan-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-docu-series-on-veerappan/1fb9b230c8144 |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

== 2024 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| ''[[Paashbalish]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
| Romantic, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" | 10 May 2024
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web | title= Paashbalish OTT Release Date, Know About Plot, Cast & Platform |url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/paashbalish-ott-release-date-know-about-plot-cast-platform/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website= FreePressJournal.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thalaimai Seyalagam]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |8
|Political Thriller
|style="text-align: center;" | 17 May 2024
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nelki Naresh |title=Aha Naa Pellanta Web Series: రాజ్‌త‌రుణ్‌, శివాని రాజ‌శేఖ‌ర్ అహ నా పెళ్ళంట వెబ్‌సిరీస్ స్ట్రీమింగ్ డేట్ ఇదే |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-web-series-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-raj-tarun-romantic-drama-series-121668338506877.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116114032/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-web-series-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-raj-tarun-romantic-drama-series-121668338506877.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Paruvu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |8
| Crime, Thriller
| style="text-align: center;" | 14 June 2024
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |title=ZEE5 and Sushmita Konidela bring Paruvu web-series |url= https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/zee5-and-sushmita-konidela-bring-paruvu-web-series.html |website=NTVEnglish.com |date= 3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Chiranjeevi's daughter Sushmita's Paruvu webseries trailer intriguing |url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/chiranjeevi-daughter-sushmita-paruvu-webseries-trailer-intriguing-telugu-news-355636 |website= indiaglitz.com |date= 2 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bahishkarana]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |6
|[[Drama]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19 July 2024
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Teaser of Telugu Web Series Bahishkarana Out |url= https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/teaser-of-telugu-web-series-bahishkarana-out-anjalis-transformation-is-stunning-article-111552937 |website=TimesNowNews.com |date= 7 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gyaarah Gyaarah]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |8
|[[Suspense]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
|style="text-align: center;" |9 August 2024
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Karan Johar and Guneet Monga announce new web series 'Gyaarah Gyaarah'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-and-guneet-monga-announce-new-web-series-gyaarah-gyaarah/articleshow/100465463.cms|website=Times of India |date=24 May 2023 | access-date=25 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Manorathangal]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |9
|[[Anthology series|Anthology]]
|style="text-align: center;" |15 August 2024
|[[Malayalam]]
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/07/19/priyadarshan-olavum-theeravum-movie.html |title=Priyadarshan's 'Olavum Theeravum' shot in black and white}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kaantaye Kaantaye]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |10
|[[Suspense]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]]
|style="text-align: center;" |15 August 2024
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|India
|<ref>{{Citation|title= Web series Kantay Kantay to feature Saswata Chatterjee, Ananya Chatterjee, Soham Chakraborty and others |newspaper= The Times of India|date= 24 December 2022|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/web-series-kantay-kantay-to-feature-saswata-chatterjee-ananya-chatterjee-soham-chakraborty-and-others/articleshow/96472404.cms|access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Murshid (TV series)|Murshid]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |7
|[[thriller (genre)|Crime thriller]]
|style="text-align: center;" |15 August 2024
|[[hindi language|Hindi]]
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kay-kay-menons-series-murshid-trailer-out-show-to-be-out-on-august-30/article68546317.ece|title=Kay Kay Menon's series 'Murshid' trailer out; show to be out on August 30
|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 August 2024
|access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mithya (web series)|Mithya: The Darker Chapter]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |6
|Period, Drama
|1 November 2024
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Mithya Season 2 trailer: Huma Qureshi-Avantika Dassani in 'darker' mystery |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/mithya-season-2-trailer-huma-qureshi-avantika-dassani-in-darker-mystery-2621259-2024-10-22 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== 2025 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| [[Crime Beat|''Crime Beat'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |8
| Crime, Thriller
| 21 February 2025
| Hindi
| India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crime Beat actor Saba Azad believes journalism is 'tough' profession: 'It comes with a sense of...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/crime-beat-actor-saba-azad-believes-journalism-is-tough-profession-it-comes-with-a-sense-of-exclusive/cadc331987654 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ayyana Mane]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Crime, Thriller
|25 February 2025
|Kannada
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayyana Mane director Ramesh Indira: I cut the length of the show to ensure audiences are engaged throughout |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ayyana-mane-director-ramesh-indira-i-cut-the-length-of-the-show-to-ensure-audiences-are-engaged-throughout/1a5a01f5b860 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Andhar Maya]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |7
|Mystery, Thriller, Horror
|30 May 2025
|Marathi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marathi Horror Series Andhar Maya Unveils Haunting Trailer Ahead Of Premiere|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/marathi-horror-series-andhar-maya-unveils-haunting-trailer-ahead-of-premiere-2912138.html|access-date=2025-06-06|website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chhal Kapat|''Chhal Kapat'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Mystery, Thriller
|6 June 2025
|Hindi
|India
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Arpita |title=Chhal Kapat - The Deception: Release date, OTT platform, cast, plot, and more about the thriller series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/chhal-kapat-the-deception-release-date-ott-platform-cast-plot-and-more-about-the-thriller-series/45f57e2492968 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Viraatapalem]]''
|style="text-align: center;" |8
|Supernatural thriller
|27 June 2025
|Telugu
|India
|
|-
|''[[Bibhishon]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|[[Psychological thriller]]
|27 June 2025
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bibhishon OTT Release Date: Here's when and where to watch Soham Majumdar's Bengali psychological thriller series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bibhishon-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-to-watch-soham-majumdars-bengali-psychological-thriller-series/d1346a09a8342 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bakaiti]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Comedy, Drama
|1 August 2025
|Hindi
|India
|
|-
|[[Mothevari Love Story|''Mothevari Love Story'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Romantic comedy, Drama
|8 August 2025
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2025-07-27 |title=Mothevari Love Story trailer: A small-town charmer headlined by Anil Geela |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jul/27/mothevari-love-story-trailer-a-small-town-charmer-headlined-by-anilgeela |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa with Jagapathi|''Jayammu Nischayammu Raa with Jagapathi'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|Talk show
|15 August 2025
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-13 |title=Jayammu Nishchayammura: Jagapathi Babu’s talk show set for launch; Akkineni Nagarjuna to grace the premiere episode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/jayammu-nishchayammura-jagapathi-babus-talk-show-set-for-launch-akkineni-nagarjuna-to-grace-the-premiere-episode/articleshow/123283135.cms |access-date=2025-09-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shodha]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Suspense crime thriller
|29 August 2025
|Kannada
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-20 |title="Shodha gave me the scope to go intense and truly perform," says, Pawan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/kannada/shodha-gave-me-the-scope-to-go-intense-and-truly-perform-says-pawan-kumar/articleshow/123404178.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kammattam|''Kammattam'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Crime Thriller
|5 September 2025
|Malayalam
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Kammattam OTT Release: When and where to watch Malayalam series |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/kammattam-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-malayalam-series-9523578.html |website=News18 |date=22 August 2025 |access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Janaawar – The Beast Within]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|crime thriller
|26 September 2025
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Behera |first=Pritinanda |date=26 September 2025 |title=''Janaawar'' review: Bhuvan Arora crime drama on caste and humanity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/janaawar-review-bhuvan-arora-crime-drama-on-caste-and-humanity-2793586-2025-09-26 |access-date=26 September 2025 |work=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veduvan]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Crime Thriller
|10 October 2025
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |date=2025-09-17 |title=Veduvan on OTT: When and where to watch Kanna Ravi’s upcoming Tamil thriller series |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/veduvan-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-kanna-ravi-s-upcoming-tamil-thriller-series-11758055614250.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[D/o Prasad Rao: Kanabadutaledu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Suspense thriller
|31 October 2025
|Telugu
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-08 |title=D/o Prasad Rao: Kanabadutaledu OTT release announced: When and where to watch Rajeev Kanakala, Udaya Bhanu's Telugu thriller series |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/d/o-prasad-rao-kanabadutaledu-ott-release-announced-when-and-where-to-watch-rajeev-kanakala-udaya-bhanus-telugu-thriller-series/articleshow/124374572.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-10-20 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ganoshotru]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Crime Thriller
|31 October 2025
|Bengali
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paoli Dam, Rudranil Ghosh to play criminals in ZEE5 true crime series ‘Ganoshotru’ |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/paoli-dam-rudranil-ghosh-to-play-criminals-in-upcoming-true-crime-series/cid/2128470 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref>
|-
|[[Baai Tujhyapayi]]
| style="text-align: center;" |
|Drama
|31 October 2025
|Marathi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baai Tujhyapayi on OTT: All you need to know about Zee5's upcoming Marathi series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/baai-tujhyapayi-all-you-need-to-know-about-zee5s-upcoming-marathi-series/683d08e04e927 |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maarigallu]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Supernatural Folklore Thriller
|31 October 2025
|Kannada
|India
|<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Maarigallu Kannada series out on OTT: Thriller about the hunt for a lost Kadamba treasure is now streaming |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/maarigallu-kannada-series-out-on-ott-thriller-about-the-hunt-for-a-lost-kadamba-treasure-is-now-streaming/1025e4b2fc124 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thode Door Thode Paas]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|Comedy Drama
|7 November 2025
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sunanda |title=Thode Door Thode Pass OTT Release: Pankaj Kapur, Mona Singh's Series To Be Out On This Date; Details Inside |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/thode-door-thode-pass-ott-release-pankaj-kapur-mona-singhs-series-to-be-out-on-this-date-details-inside |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Inspection Bungalow|''Inspection Bungalow'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Horror Comedy
|14 November 2025
|Malayalam
|India
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-05 |title=When and where to watch Shabareesh Varma and Shaju Sreedhar’s horror-comedy web series ‘Inspection Bungalow’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/when-and-where-to-watch-shabareesh-varma-and-shaju-sreedhars-horror-comedy-web-series-inspection-bungalow/articleshow/125105914.cms |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Be Dune Teen|''Be Dune Teen'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |
|Family dramedy
|5 December 2025
|Marathi
|India
|<ref name=":04">{{Cite web|title=Be Dune Teen OTT release date: Here's when and where you can stream Marathi dramedy series|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/be-dune-teen-ott-release-date-when-where-stream-marathi-dramedy-series/3ff27cad1e210|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en|last=Vasudevan|first=Aishwarya}}</ref>
|-
|[[Heartiley Battery|''Heartiley Battery'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |6
|Romantic science fiction
|16 December 2025
|Tamil
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heartiley Battery OTT release date: Trailer of Tamil romantic sci-fi series out; when and where to stream it |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/heartiley-battery-ott-release-date-trailer-of-tamil-romantic-sci-fi-series-out-when-and-where-to-stream-it/3749c99ddb690 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chote Tara ka Bada Gadar|''Chote Tara ka Bada Gadar'']]
| style="text-align: center;" |
|Animation
|24 December 2025
|Hindi
|India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=KidZ launches 2 original animated series, expands kids entertainment slate |url=https://mediabrief.com/kidz-launches-2-original-animated-series-expands-kids-entertainment-slate/ |website=Mediabrief}}</ref>
|}

== 2026 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Episodes
!Genre
!Premiere
!Language
!Country
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| ''[[Kaalipotka]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
| Action, Thriller
| 23 January 2026
| Bengali
| India
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaalipotka OTT release date: When and where to watch Swastika Mukherjee's Bengali action thriller|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kaalipotka-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-swastika-mukherjees-bengali-action-thriller/4bddd8e7a7862|access-date=2026-01-22|website=OTTPlay|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Andha Pyaar 2.0]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Realty, dating
|14 March 2026
|Hindi
|India
|
|-
|''[[Kasaragod Embassy]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Crime, Thriller
|20 March 2026
|Malayalam
|India
|
|-
|''[[Kaakee Circus]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |7
|Comedy, Thriller
|10 April 2026
|Tamil
|India
|
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Amazon India originals]]
*[[List of Hotstar original films]]
*[[List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
*[[List of SonyLIV original programming]]
*[[List of Netflix India originals]]
*[[JioCinema]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Original programming by Indian television network or channel]]

Sushma Swaraj as Minister of External Affairs

2026-04-16T03:20:12Z

MochenKitche:

{{Short description|Part of the career of the Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
[[File:Kerry Chats With External Affairs Minister Swaraj at the U.S.-India Joint Strategic and Commercial Dialogue Opening Plenary (21442237629) (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj talks with U.S. Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] during the US-India Joint Strategic and Commercial Dialogue Opening Plenary, at the US Department of State in Washington DC, on 22 September 2015.]]
'''[[Sushma Swaraj]]''' was the Indian [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] from May 2014 till May 2019, responsible for implementing the [[foreign policy of Narendra Modi]]. She is only the second women to hold this position after [[Indira Gandhi]].

==Background==
Swaraj was a lawyer by profession and a seasoned parliamentarian with many 'first-timer' records in her name, often considered to be among the best spoken Indian politician and also known for her diplomatic skills. She served as the [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]] [[Lok Sabha]] from 2009 to 2014 and by virtue of her designation she had the opportunity to meet a galaxy of world leaders visiting India apart from her official foreign trips. This has significantly improved her understanding in world affairs and also helped her to develop a personal rapport with many important dignitaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140527/nation-current-affairs/article/modi-cabinet-sushma-swaraj-first-woman-get-external-affairs|title=Sushma Swaraj-first woman to get External Affairs portfolio|date=26 May 2014|access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref>

==Policy initiatives==

===Fast-track Diplomacy===
On completion of the first 100 days of Modi Government the External Affairs Ministry published a booklet called '''"Fast Track Diplomacy"'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?23980/Fast+Track+Diplomacy|title=Fast Track Diplomacy}}</ref> show-casing the achievement made in the foreign policy arena. In her first media interaction, the minister [[Sushma Swaraj]] said the catchphrase for her tenure was "fast-track diplomacy" and said it had three faces – proactive, strong and sensitive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modis-100-days-sushma-swaraj-talks-tough-on-pakistan-china-and-us/articleshow/42059026.cms|title=PM Modi's 100 days: Sushma Swaraj talks tough on Pakistan, China and US|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2014-09-09 |accessdate=2014-09-10}}</ref> Since taking office, the External Affairs Minister held round-table meeting with all Indian heads of missions to the SAARC region, ASEAN region and Middle East separately as a follow up measure to carry forward the leads gained by high-profile visits and exchanges.

===Act East Policy===
From the very beginning, the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] Government made it amply clear that India would focus more and more on improving relation with [[ASEAN]] and other East Asian countries as per India's [[Look East policy (India)|Look East policy]] which was formulated during [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]]'s Government in 1992 for better economic engagement with its eastern neighbours but successive Governments later successfully turned it into a tool for forging strategic partnership and security cooperation with countries in that region in general and Vietnam and Japan in particular.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/government/89377/vietnam-among-pillars-of-india-s--look-east--policy.html |title=Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy |date=18 November 2013 |website=english.vietnamnet.vn |publisher=[[Vietnam News Agency]] |accessdate=18 November 2013 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717194521/https://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/government/89377/vietnam-among-pillars-of-india-s--look-east--policy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In her recent visit to [[Hanoi]], Vietnam, Sushma Swaraj has stressed on the need for an '''Act East Policy'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/economy/modi-govt-give-greater-push-indias-look-east-policy-says-sushma-swaraj-94718.html|title=Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=2014-08-25|accessdate=2014-09-10|archive-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195033/http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/economy/modi-govt-give-greater-push-indias-look-east-policy-says-sushma-swaraj-94718.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> that she said should replace India's over two decade-old '''Look East Policy''' emphasizing a more proactive role for India in this region.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829043354/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2014|title=Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=26 August 2014}}</ref>

==Multilateral engagements==

===ASEAN Regional Forum===
Swaraj attended the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|2014 ASEAN Regional Forum]] followed by the related [[East Asia Summit|EAS Foreign Ministers meeting]], held from 8–11 August in [[Naypidaw]], Myanmar, which was her first ever appearance in multilateral forums after becoming India's foreign affairs head. She had held bilateral meetings with her counterparts from seven countries including China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia.<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-08/news/52594297_1_india-asean-trade-south-china-east-asia-summit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810002030/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-08/news/52594297_1_india-asean-trade-south-china-east-asia-summit |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2014 |title=Sushma Swaraj in Myanmar for ASEAN meet, East Asia Summit |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/sushma-swaraj-asean-summit-pham-binh-minh-modi-syed-akbaruddin-18260.html |title=Swaraj holds 7 bilateral meetings on sidelines of ASEAN summit |date=9 August 2014 |publisher=Indiatvnews.com |accessdate=12 August 2014}}</ref>

==Foreign trips made as External Affairs Minister==
The following is a list of international visits made by Swaraj after taking office as External Affairs Minister on 26 May 2014.

===2014===
{| class="wikitable outercollapse" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! width=150|Country
! width=100|Areas visited
!width=200|Date(s)
!width=150|Purpose(s)
! width=400|Notes
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Dhaka]]
|26–27 June
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Bangladesh–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj visited Bangladesh on 26–27 June 2014, where she met her counterpart Abul Hassan Mahmood following a conversation with her counterpart's fellow Bengali and [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/06/25/sushma-swaraj-in-dhaka |title=Sushma Swaraj in Dhaka |work=BDNews24 |date=26 June 2014 |accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Discussions were held regarding the '''Land Boundary Agreement''', the proposed [[Teesta river]] pact and illegal immigration.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/sushma-swaraj-on-2-day-visit-to-bangladesh-teesta-land-boundary-top-of-agenda-548139|title=Sushma Swaraj on 2-Day Visit to Bangladesh, Teesta, Land Boundary Top of Agenda|date=26 June 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|[[Thimphu]]
|16–17 June
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Bhutan–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| She accompanied the Prime Minister in his maiden foreign tour to the Himalayan Kingdom of [[Bhutan]] with which India shares a special relation from decades.
|}
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]]
|27–29 July
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Nepal relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| Prior to Modi's visit, Swaraj made a three-day visit to Nepal from 27 July 2014 and co-chaired the Indo-Nepal Joint Commission meeting and also prepared the ground for Modi's scheduled visit. The last visit by a foreign minister of India to Nepal was made 23 years before.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sushma-Swaraj-describes-her-Nepal-visit-very-successful/articleshow/39099488.cms |title=Sushma Swaraj describes her Nepal visit very successful |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 July 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|[[Naypidaw]]
|8–11 August
|[[ASEAN|ASEAN Regional Forum]]
|{{See also|India–Myanmar relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|She visited [[Naypidaw]] for four days from 8 August for the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|2014 ASEAN Regional Forum]] and [[East Asia Summit|EAS Foreign Ministers meeting]].<ref name="The Economic Times"/> She had bilateral meetings with her counterparts from seven countries including China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia. External Affairs Ministry Spokesman [[Syed Akbaruddin]] said that they were working with Vietnam on a "high-level VVIP visit" from India later in the year, while Swaraj would travel there later in the month to pave the way for the visit. In regards to controversy of territorial ownership in the [[South China Sea]], where [[ONGC Videsh]] has oil blocks, he said: "India is not a party to the dispute in the South China Sea. We feel that the dispute should be resolved between those who are party to it in a peaceful manner and it should be in accordance with international law."
With Australia, discussion took place to expedite a civil nuclear deal. Swaraj invited Canadian Foreign Minister [[John Baird (Canadian politician)|John Baird]] to India, which he "gladly accepted," in October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/sushma-swaraj-asean-summit-pham-binh-minh-modi-syed-akbaruddin-18260.html |title=Swaraj holds 7 bilateral meetings on sidelines of ASEAN summit |date=9 August 2014 |publisher=Indiatvnews.com |accessdate=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/sushma-swaraj-describes-myanmar-visit-as-very-successful_953902.html|title=Sushma Swaraj Describes Myanmar Visit as Very Successful|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=11 August 2014|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|[[Singapore]]
|16–18 August
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Singapore relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| External Affairs Minister Swaraj also visited Singapore on 16 August where she held talks with her counterpart, [[K. Shanmugam|Shanmugam]], and Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] regarding Singapore's investment in India and their potential role in Modi's pet "[[Smart Cities Mission|smart city]]" project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-singapore-to-help-india-in-smart-cities-project-after-sushma-swaraj-s-visit-2011250|title=Report: Singapore to Help India in '''Smart Cities''' Project After Sushma Swaraj's Visit|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=16 August 2014|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|[[Hanoi]]
|24–25 August
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Vietnam relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| Swaraj also made an official trip to Hanoi, Vietnam, where she called on Vietnamese President [[Trương Tấn Sang|Truong Tan Sang]] and Vice-President Nguyan Tha Doan and held bilateral talk with her counterpart [[Pham Binh Minh]]. Her visit was also to lay the groundwork for the state visit by [[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] from 14 to 17 September, days before the India visit of Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] in India. Big ticket announcements are expected during President’s visit in defence and strategic cooperation including US$100 m line of credit for purchase of [[Fast attack craft]] for Vietnamese navy from India and enhancing oil exploration cooperation in offshore rigs on [[South China Sea]] provided by Vietnamese authority to [[ONGC Videsh]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sushma-Swaraj-in-Hanoi-India-examining-Vietnams-South-China-Sea-oil-blocks-offer/articleshow/40870356.cms|title=Sushma Swaraj in Hanoi, India examining Vietnam's South China Sea oil blocks offer|website=[[The Times of India]] |date= 2014-08-25|accessdate=2014-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829043354/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region| url-status=dead| archive-date=29 August 2014|title=Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2014-08-26}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Bahrain }}
|[[Manama]]
|7–8 September
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Bahrain–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|
|}
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|[[Kabul]]
|10 September
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Afghanistan–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| Swaraj arrived in Kabul on 10 September to hold discussion with outgoing President [[Hamid Karzai]] amid hopes of final election results might be out in next couple of days and for the first time Afghanistan would experience a civilian transition of power since the fall of Taliban in 2001. Although the main agenda of her visit was to strengthen the Indo-Afghan strategic security cooperation following [[NATO]] withdrawal from the country by end of 2014 and re-emergence of the [[Taliban]] and other [[al-Qaeda]] in the [[South Asia|subcontinent]], the US-Afghan "bilateral security agreement" (BSA) was also expected to be featured in her discussion with Karzai. She also inaugurated a new Chancery complex in Kabul.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/neighbours/sushma-swaraj-arrives-in-afghanistan-strategic-ties-on-the-agenda/|title=Sushma Swaraj arrives in Afghanistan; strategic ties on the agenda|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2014-09-10|accessdate=2014-09-10}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushma-meets-karzai-seeks-sco-help-to-stabilise-region/article1-1262673.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911000012/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sushma-meets-karzai-seeks-sco-help-to-stabilise-region/article1-1262673.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 September 2014|title=Sushma meets Karzai in Kabul, stresses partnership |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=2014-09-11|accessdate=2014-09-11}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|[[Dushanbe]]
|11–12 September
|[[2014 SCO summit|SCO]]
|{{See also|India–Tajikistan relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
| On 11–12 September [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|EAM]] Sushma Swaraj visited [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan to attend the 13th Annual summit of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]], which is often regarded by the West as a counter organization of [[NATO]], where India so far held an observer status but from [[2014 SCO summit|Dushanbe summit]], India was formerly granted a full membership so from next year on India will be represented by the President at the [[heads of state]] summit and if everything goes well, PM Modi could participate at the [[heads of government]] summit in [[Astana]], Kazakhstan in December.<ref name="Hindustan Times"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140806/jsp/nation/story_18691973.jsp#.VBEDHvmSzIs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814171801/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140806/jsp/nation/story_18691973.jsp#.VBEDHvmSzIs|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 August 2014|title=Delhigears to join China-Russia club|date=2014-06-08|accessdate=2014-09-11}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[New York City]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
|24 September – 1 October
|[[United Nations]]
|{{See also|India–United States relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|She is expected to hold meetings with her counterparts from around 100 countries and attend foreign ministers level meet of several special grouping such as IBSA, G4, [[BRICS]], [[SAARC]] among others. She will then accompany Modi in his trip to [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sushma-swaraj-begins-us-visit-meets-counterparts-from-7-nations/articleshow/43397677.cms|title=sushma swaraj begins US visit meets counterparts from 7 nations|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=25 September 2014|accessdate=25 September 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[London]]
|17 October
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–United Kingdom relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|She inaugurated the '''Regional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas''' in London.
|}
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|[[Port Louis]]
|1–3 November
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Mauritius relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|She was on a three-day visit to the Indian Ocean nation, to celebrate '''Apravasi Divas''', marking 180 years since the first Indian indentured labourers arrived in Mauritius. There she had called on President [[Rajkeswur Purryag]] and Prime Minister [[Navinchandra Ramgoolam]] to discuss bilateral and regional issues of common interest, her agenda also includes talk on cooperation between [[Indian Navy]] and Mauritian Coast Guard to ensure the safety and security of the strategically vital Indian Ocean region. In support to her stress on the importance of maritime cooperation three major [[List of active Indian Navy ships|Indian war ships]] were docked in Mauritian waters including a destroyer {{INS|Mumbai||6}}, a frigate {{INS|Talwar|F40|6}} and the fleet tanker {{INS|Deepak|A50|6}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-cooperate-with-mauritius-to-safeguard-indian-ocean/articleshow/45015810.cms|title=India to cooperate with Mauritius to safeguard Indian Ocean |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2 November 2014|accessdate=2 November 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|[[Malé]]
|3 November
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Maldives relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Swaraj during her maiden trip to [[Malé]] on 3 November 2014 held discussion with her counterpart [[Dunya Maumoon]] on bilateral and regional issues of mutual interests and also reiterated India's strong commitment towards prosperity, stability and security of Maldives. The two sides also plans to celebrate 50 years of establishment of bilateral relation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-committed-to-maldives-security-stability-foreign-minister-sushma-swaraj/articleshow/45026388.cms|title=India committed to Maldives' security & stability: Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=3 November 2014|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|[[Abu Dhabi]]
|10–12 November
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–United Arab Emirates relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Swaraj during her maiden trip to [[Abu Dhabi]] tried to win the confidence of potential UAE investors and welcomed them to join the new Indian Government efforts to build world class infrastructure in India which is expected to require foreign investments up to US$1 trillion in next five years. She had also held discussion with her counterpart [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]. During the meeting, both sides reviewed the existing bilateral relations and took stock of progress and development in joint cooperation in many areas and looked into the ways of enhancing them for common interests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/external-affairs-minister-sushma-swaraj-seeks-increased-uae-investments-during-visit/articleshow/45114511.cms|title=External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj seeks increased UAE investments during visit|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=11 November 2014|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]]
|24–27 November
|[[SAARC]] summit
|{{See also|18th SAARC summit|India–Nepal relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|It was her second Nepal visit in little over four months. She participated in the [[SAARC]] [[Foreign Minister]]'s meeting in Kathmandu on 25 November, a day before the summit begins. She also met [[Sartaj Aziz]], foreign affairs adviser to Pakistan Prime Minister, on the margins which she later referred a "courtesy call".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/swaraj-aziz-meet-briefly-on-saarc-sidelines/|title=Swaraj, Aziz meet briefly on SAARC sidelines|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=25 November 2014}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|[[Seoul]]
|28–30 December
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–South Korea relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Swaraj visited Republic to Korea to attend the 7th Joint-Commission meeting in Seoul. Trade and investments to top the agenda including joint shipbuilding ventures will be endorsed heavily under [[Make in India]] programme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/foreign-minister-sushma-swaraj-on-three-day-visit-to-south-korea-from-sunday/articleshow/45652043.cms|title=Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj on three-day visit to South Korea from Sunday|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=26 December 2014}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
|}
|}

===2015===
{| class="wikitable outercollapse" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! width=150|Country
! width=100|Areas visited
!width=200|Date(s)
!width=150|Purpose(s)
! width=400|Notes
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Beijing]]
|31 January – 3 February
|RIC summit and [[Official visit]]
|{{See also|China–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj made her maiden visit to the People's Republic of China from 31 January to 3 February where she met her counterpart [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] and called on Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] apart from participating in Russia–India–China (RIC) trilateral foreign ministers meeting in Beijing. She also met Russian foreign minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] separately on the sidelines. She inaugurated "visit India" campaign to promote more Chinese tourists in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sushma-Swaraj-arrives-in-Beijing-on-four-day-visit-China-allays-fears-of-regional-hegemony/articleshow/46079045.cms|title=Sushma Swaraj arrives in Beijing on four-day visit; China allays fears of regional hegemony|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 January 2015|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Oman}}
|[[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]]
|17–18 February
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Oman relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj made her maiden visit to the Sultanate of Oman, the country with which India shares warm bilateral relations in the Gulf.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mea.gov.in/outoging-visit-detail.htm?24781/Official+visit+of+Minister+of+External+Affairs+and+Overseas+Indian+Affairs+to+the+Sultanate+of+Oman|title=Official visit of Minister of External Affairs and Overseas Indian Affairs to the Sultanate of Oman|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]|date=16 February 2015|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-seeks-its-place-in-Indian-Ocean-ahead-of-Modis-China-visit/articleshow/46273336.cms|title=India seeks its place in Indian Ocean ahead of Modi's China visit|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=17 February 2015|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Colombo]]
|6–7 March
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Sri Lanka relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Swaraj arrived in Colombo, on her maiden visit to the island country, on 6 March 2015 to make the preparation for Prime Minister Modi's upcoming visit on 13 March. She called on Sri Lankan President [[Maithripala Sirisena]] and also call on Sri Lankan Prime Minister [[Ranil Wickremesinghe]] and held discussion on bilateral issues with her counterpart [[Mangala Samaraweera]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/wB01AHQ1VRrv0H1hjSs2TM/Sushma-Swaraj-to-travel-to-Sri-Lanka-ahead-of-PM-Modis-visi.html|title=Sushma Swaraj to travel to Sri Lanka ahead of PM Modi's visit|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]/[[Live Mint]]|date=1 March 2015|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-external-minister-sushma-swaraj-calls-on-sri-lankan-president-sirisena-upon-arriving-in-colombo-2066648|title=External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj calls on Sri Lankan President Sirisena upon arriving in Colombo|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]/[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=6 March 2015|accessdate=6 March 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|[[Ashgabat]]
|7–9 April
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Turkmenistan relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Ashgabat on 7 April 2015 on a three-day visit. There she met President [[Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov]] besides co-chairing an inter-governmental joint commission with her counterpart [[Rashid Meredov]]. [[Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline|TAPI]] gas pipeline is believed to be the key agenda of talks between India and Turkmenistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://twitter.com/SushmaSwaraj/status/585355975797780480|title=Sushma Swaraj visits Turkmenistan|publisher=[[Twitter]]|date=7 April 2015|accessdate=7 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sushma-swaraj-in-turkmenistan-to-hold-talks-on-tapi-key-issues/articleshow/46841399.cms|title=Sushma Swaraj in Turkmenistan to hold talks on TAPI, key issues|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 April 2015|accessdate=7 April 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|[[Bandung]]
|21–24 April
|[[Bandung Conference]]
|{{See also|India–Indonesia relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Bandung, Indonesia, to join the celebration of 60 years of [[Bandung Conference]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mea.gov.in/outgoing-visit-info.htm?2/767/Visit+of+External+Affairs+Minister+to+Indonesia+April+2124+2015|title=Visit of EAM to Indonesia|date=21 April 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]|accessdate=21 April 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|[[Durban]]
|18–21 May
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–South Africa relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|Swaraj personally handed over the invitation for upcoming [[Third India Africa Forum Summit]] in New Delhi to South African President [[Jacob Zuma]]. She also participated in Ninth India-South Africa Ministerial meetings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/2015/fullnews-60049.html|title=Sushma Swaraj leaves on four-day visit to South Africa}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[New York City]]
|20–22 June
|[[International Day of Yoga|Yoga Day]] celebration at [[United Nations]]
|{{See also|India–United States relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|
|}
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]]
|2 June
|Donor's conference on Nepal earthquake Rehabilitation
|{{See also|India–Nepal relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|She held bilateral meeting with Chinese foreign minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] apart from participating in Nepal quake donor's conference where India pledged US$1 billion for the rehabilitation work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-06-25/news/63831383_1_nepal-visit-chinese-counterpart-wang-yi-sushma-swaraj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701113237/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-06-25/news/63831383_1_nepal-visit-chinese-counterpart-wang-yi-sushma-swaraj|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2015|title=Sushma Swaraj concludes Nepal visit}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|[[Bangkok]]
|27–29 June
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|India–Thailand relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-thailand-sign-multiple-agreements-including-dtat/articleshow/47862344.cms|title=India, Thailand sign multiple agreements, including DTAT|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=29 June 2015 }}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|[[Cairo]]
|23–25 August
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Egypt–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|<ref name="newsx.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/national/9227-keeping-up-connect-with-arab-world-sushma-to-visit-egypt|title=Keeping up connect with Arab world, Sushma to visit Egypt|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>
|}
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|[[Berlin]]
|25–27 August
|[[Official visit]]
|{{See also|Germany–India relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|
|}
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Islamabad]]
|7–8 December
|Heart of Asia conference
|{{See also|India–Pakistan relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|-
|<ref name="newsx.com"/>
|}
|}

===2016===
{| class="wikitable outercollapse" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! width=150|Country
! width=100|Areas visited
!width=200|Date(s)
!width=150|Purpose(s)
! width=400|Notes
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Colombo]]
|5–6 February
|
|{{See also|India–Sri Lanka relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Pokhara]]
|16–17 March
|37th SAARC Council of Ministers' Meeting
|{{See also|India–Nepal relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|[[Tehran]]
|16–17 April
|
|{{See also|India–Iran relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
|[[Moscow]]
|17–19 April
|
|{{See also|India–Russia relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|[[Naypyidaw]]
|22 August
|
|{{See also|India-Myanmar relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|[[Rome]]
|2–5 September
|
|{{See also|India–Italy relations}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible innercollapse"
|-
!Details
|}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government]]
* [[Condoleezza Rice as Secretary of State]]
* [[Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State]]
* [[Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Policy Of Narendra Modi}}
[[Category:Foreign relations of India]]
[[Category:Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi administration]]
[[Category:Tenures in political office by individual|Swaraj, Sushma]]
[[Category:Tenures in Indian political offices by individual|External Affairs]]
[[Category:Sushma Swaraj]]

Ghosi, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:38Z

MochenKitche: made a info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ghosi
| map_image = 354-Ghosi, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = ''Vacant''
| party =
| latest_election_year =
| loksabha_cons = [[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency|Ghosi]]
| constituency_no = 354
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mau district|Mau]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}

'''[[Ghosi]]''' is an Assembly constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Ghosi in the [[Mau district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ghosi is one of five assembly segments under the [[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 354 among 403 constituencies.

In 2022 the MLA was [[Dara Singh Chauhan]] of [[Samajwadi Party|samajwadi party]]. He resigned and joined in [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. The MLA '''Sudhakar Singh''' who won a by-poll in 2023 defeating [[Dara Singh Chauhan]] died on 20 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/samajwadi-party-mla-sudhakar-singh-passed-away-ghosi-assembly-seat-of-mau-2025-11-20 |title=Sudhakar Singh Died: सपा विधायक सुधाकर सिंह का लखनऊ में निधन, उपचुनाव में मंत्री दारा सिंह को हराकर बने थे MLA |work=Amar Ujala|date=20 November 2025}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Ghosi Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/ghosi.html |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jharkhande Rai]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Ram Bilas Pandey
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Zafar Azami
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Vikrama Rai
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Kedar Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Lokdal}}" |
|[[Lokdal]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Subhash
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Achaibar Bharti
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Phagu Chauhan]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Sudhakar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|2019^
|[[Vijay Rajbhar]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Dara Singh Chauhan]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|2023^
|[[Sudhakar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]
|-
|2026^
|
|
|
|}

==Election results==

===2026 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 elections in India#State Legislative Assembly by-elections|2026 by-election]]: Ghosi
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Samajwadi Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2023 bypoll===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2023 elections in India#Uttar_Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Assembly by-election, 2023]]: Ghosi }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sudhakar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sudhakar Singh]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=1,24,427|percentage=57.19|change={{increase}}14.98}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Dara Singh Chauhan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=81,668|percentage=37.54|change={{increase}}3.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=NOTA|votes=1,725|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=42,759|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,17,571|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022" />

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghosi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ghosi-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency|title = Ghosi Assembly constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly constituency}}</ref><ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Dara Singh Chauhan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:108430}}
|percentage = 42.21
|change = +17.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vijay Rajbhar
|votes = {{formatnum:86214}}
|percentage = 33.57
|change = -2.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Wasim Iqbal
|votes = {{formatnum:54248}}
|percentage = 21.12
|change = -12.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1249}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change = -0.17
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22216}}
|percentage = 8.64
|change = +5.74
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:256855}}
|percentage = 58.53
|change = -0.36
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 2019: Ghosi<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Vijay Rajbhar]]
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes= 68,371
|percentage=
|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Sudhakar Singh
|party=Independent
|votes= 66,598
|percentage=
|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Abdul Qayyum Ansari
|party=Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes= 50,775
|percentage=
|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Rajmangal Yadav
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes= 11,624
|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Nebulal
|party=Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|votes= 11,485
|percentage=
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Sheikh Hisamuddin
|party=Communist Party of India
|votes= 2,938
|percentage=
|change=}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes= 1,773
|percentage=
|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes=2,20,597
|percentage=51.93
|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Ghosi<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2017-election-results.html|title = Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Fagu Chauhan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:88298}}
|percentage = 36.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Abbas Ansari
|votes = {{formatnum:81295}}
|percentage = 33.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sudhakar
|votes = {{formatnum:59256}}
|percentage = 24.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vivek Rai
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:2285}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1585}}
|percentage = 0.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7003}}
|percentage = 2.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:241634}}
|percentage = 58.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|winner = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}
{{coord|26.11|83.54|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mau district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Sharad Bobde

2026-04-12T11:40:10Z

MochenKitche: Started a entry

{{short description|47th Chief Justice of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sharad Arvind Bobde
| image = [[File:Hon'ble Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde.jpg|border|220px]]
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = 47th [[Chief Justice of India]]
| term_start = 18 November 2019
| term_end = 23 April 2021
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| predecessor = [[Ranjan Gogoi]]
| successor = [[N. V. Ramana]]
| office1 = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start1 = 12 April 2013
| term_end1 = 17 November 2019
| nominator1 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Madhya Pradesh High Court|21st Chief Justice]] of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
| term_start2 = 16 October 2012
| term_end2 = 11 April 2013
| nominator2 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor2 = [[Syed Rafat Alam]]
| successor2 = [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar]]
| office3 = Judge of the [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start3 = 29 March 2000
| term_end3 = 15 October 2012
| nominator3 = [[Adarsh Sein Anand]]
| appointer3 = [[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|K. R. Narayanan]]
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1956|04|24}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Kamini Bobde
| party =
| relations =
| children = 3<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/prez-clears-justice-bobdes-elevation-to-the-post-of-cji/articleshow/71797614.cms|title=President clears Justice Bobde's elevation to the post of CJI|publisher=Times of India|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[LLB]])
| occupation =
| profession =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| father =
| mother =
| honorific_prefix = 
| honorific_suffix = 
}}

'''Sharad Arvind Bobde''' (born 24 April 1956) is a retired Indian judge who served as the [[List of chief justices of India|47th]] [[Chief Justice of India]] from 18 November 2019 to 23 April 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/two-judges-sworn-in-supreme-court-strength-raised-to-30_841611.html|title=Two judges sworn in Supreme Court, strength raised to 30|publisher=Zee News Portal|date=12 April 2013}}</ref>

He is a former Chief Justice of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/sjud/sabobde.htm|title=Chief Justice of India & Sitting Hon'ble Judges Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde|publisher= Supreme Court of India portal}}</ref> and a former Chancellor of [[Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai]] and [[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur]]. He had a tenure of eight years in the [[Supreme Court of India]] and retired on 23 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice SA Bobde appointed next Chief Justice of India, to take oath on 18 November|url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/justice-sa-bobde-appointed-next-chief-justice-of-india-to-take-oath-on-18-november/312754/|last=PTI|date=2019-10-29|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> On 24 April 2021, [[N. V. Ramana]] succeeded him as the [[Chief Justice of India|CJI]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sharad Arvind Bobde retires: A look at 47th CJI's tenure.|date=23 April 2021 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sharad-arvind-bobde-retires-a-look-at-47th-cjis-tenure/videoshow/82213691.cms}}</ref>

==Family and early life==
Bobde comes from a [[Nagpur]]-based Marathi family. His great-grandfather Ramachandra Pant Bobde was a noted lawyer in [[Chandrapur]] (erstwhile Chanda) between 1880 and 1900.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrA7AAAAMAAJ|title=Marāṭhī vāñmayakośa: Marāṭhī granthakāra, I. Sa. 1050-1857|publisher=Mahārāshṭra Rājya Sāhitya Sãskr̥ti Maṇḍaḷa|year=1977|page=258|quote=विदर्भातील चंद्रनगर (हछीचे चांदा) येथील रहिवासी असलेल्या बोबडे ह्या कौशिकगोत्री देशस्थ ऋग्वेदी ब्राह्मण घराण्यात ते...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sãśodhana-śalākā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHAuAAAAMAAJ|page=6|author=Sureśa Mahādeva Ḍoḷake|publisher=Ameya Prakashan|year=1983}}</ref> The family later moved to Nagpur. His grandfather Shrinivas Ramachandra Bobde was also a lawyer.<ref>{{cite news|title=WHO IS SHARAD ARVIND BOBDE|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/about/who-is-sharad-arvind-bobde|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref> Bobde's father Arvind Shrinivas Bobde was the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate-general]] of [[Maharashtra]] in 1980 and 1985. Bobde's elder brother late Vinod Arvind Bobde was a senior Supreme Court lawyer and a [[Constitutional law|constitutional]] expert.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/senior-advocate-vinod-bobde-passes-away/|title=Senior Advocate Vinod Bobde Passes away|first=LIVELAW NEWS|last=NETWORK|date=11 June 2016|website=www.livelaw.in|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Education ===
Bobde did his schooling at [[St. Francis De'Sales High School, Nagpur, Maharashtra|St. Francis De'Sales High School, Nagpur]]. He completed his graduation from the St. Francis De Sales College, Nagpur and studied law at the Dr. Ambedkar Law College, [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde|url=http://supremecourtcaselaw.com/jus_sabobde.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020625012842/http://supremecourtcaselaw.com/jus_sabobde.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=25 June 2002|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/executive-chairman/hon-ble-mr-justice-sharad-arvind-bobde|title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde Profile|date=11 May 2018|publisher=National Legal Services Authority |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
He enrolled as an advocate on 13 September 1978, practiced at the Nagpur Bench of the [[Bombay High Court]] with appearances before the principal seat at Bombay and before the [[Supreme Court of India]] and became a Senior Advocate in 1998. Bobde was appointed an additional judge of the Bombay High Court on 29 March 2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshowpuisne.php?auth=amdldGlkPTM2NSZwYWdlbm89Mzc=|title= Sharad Arvind Bobde|website=www.bombayhighcourt.nic.in|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> and subsequently promoted to Chief Justice of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] on 16 October 2012 before being elevated as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 12 April 2013.<ref name="mp-hc">{{cite web|title=HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE SHARAD ARVIND BOBDE, B.A., LL.B.|url=http://mphc.in/?q=node/152|publisher=High Court of Madhya Pradesh|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="toi-nag">{{cite news|last1=Ganjapure|first1=Vaibhav|title=NU alumni justice Bobde to be SC judge soon|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NU-alumni-justice-Bobde-to-be-SC-judge-soon/articleshow/19266970.cms|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=The Times of India, gpur|date=29 March 2013}}</ref>

He was appointed the 47th Chief Justice of India on 18 November 2019, succeeding [[Ranjan Gogoi]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/justice-bobde-takes-oath-as-next-cji/articleshow/72103117.cms| title=Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde takes oath as 47th CJI| work=Times of India| date=18 November 2019}}</ref> He became the only CJI to not recommend a single judge to be appointed to the Supreme Court of India, in his tenure of 1 year and 5 months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/supreme-court-collegium-meets-but-discusses-no-names/articleshow/81978948.cms|title=Supreme Court collegium meets but discusses no names | India News |website=The Times of India|date=9 April 2021 }}</ref>

He wrote 68 judgments as a judge of the Supreme Court. However, he sat on the bench for 547 cases. He has effectively written 8.5 judgments per year. The subject he has written the most judgments on in the Supreme Court is [[Criminal law|Criminal Law]], with 29 judgments.<ref name="SCO 20 Apr 2021">{{cite web |last1=R |first1=Kruthika |last2=R |first2=Mihir |title=CJI Bobde Wrote 68 Judgments Over 8 Years |url=https://www.scobserver.in/the-desk/cji-bobde-wrote-68-judgments-over-8-years |website=SCObserver.in |publisher=Supreme Court Observer |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

Better Than the Dream: A People's Story<nowiki>'''</nowiki> is a non-fiction book by Indian journalist Sarita Kaushik. The book examines the social and human impact of urban infrastructure development, particularly metro rail projects in Nagpur. The foreword of the book was written by former Chief Justice of India Sharad Bobde.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaushik |first=Sarita |title=Better Than the Dream: A People's Story |date=20 February 2022 |publisher=Kautilya Books |isbn=9390885434 |edition=1st |location=Nagpur |publication-date=20 February 2022 |pages=263 pages |language=English}}</ref>

==Notable judgements and opinions==

===Ayodhya dispute===
{{Main|2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute}}
Justice Bobde was part of the five-judge constitutional bench which heard and delivered the judgment dated 9 November 2019 on the [[Ayodhya dispute|Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid land dispute]] case. The bench unanimously ordered the construction of a Hindu Temple in the disputed site, while ruling that the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] and the 1949 desecration of the [[Babri Masjid]] was in violation of law.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aadhaar, air pollution, Ayodhya — next CJI SA Bobde has been part of landmark cases|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/judiciary/next-cji-sa-bobde-has-been-part-of-landmark-cases/312892/|date=29 October 2019}}</ref>

===Aadhaar===
A three judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde, [[Jasti Chelameswar]], and [[Chokkalingam Nagappan]], ratified an earlier order of the Supreme Court and clarified that no Indian citizen without an [[Aadhaar]] card can be deprived of basic services and government subsidies.<ref name="Hindu 16 March 2015">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aadhaar-not-mandatory-sc-reiterates/article6999924.ece |title=Don't insist on Aadhar, warns SC |work=The Hindu|date=16 March 2015|access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>

===Anti-abortion===
A two-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde and [[L. Nageswara Rao]] in 2017, rejected a woman's plea seeking termination of her foetus, based on the medical board's report that the 26-week-old foetus had a chance of survival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-rejects-pregnant-womans-plea-to-terminate-foetus-afflicted-with-down-syndrome-3307042.html|title=SC rejects pregnant woman's plea to terminate foetus afflicted with Down syndrome|website=Firstpost|date=28 February 2017 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

===Religious feelings===
A two-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde and [[L. Nageswara Rao]] in 2017, upheld the ban by the [[Government of Karnataka|Karnataka Government]] of a book (''Basava Vachana Deepthi'') by [[Maate Mahadevi]] on the grounds that it outraged the religious feelings of the [[Veerashaiva]] community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/66627288/|title=Poojaya Sri Jagadguru Maate ... vs Government Of Karnataka on 20 September, 2017|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="FreePressJournal2022">{{cite web |date=2022-03-13 |title=Maate Mahadevi death anniversary: Why was her book 'Basava Vachana Deepthi' banned ? |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/maate-mahadevi-death-anniversary-why-was-her-book-basava-vachana-deepthi-banned |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>

===Environment===
A three-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde, [[T. S. Thakur]] and [[Arjan Kumar Sikri]] in 2016, in relation to the extreme air pollution in the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]], suspended the sales of fire crackers in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/44340.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060409/https://www.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/44340.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Marital rape===
While commenting on [[marital rape]], Bobde remarked that when a man and a woman live as husband and wife, that act of sexual intercourse between them could not be called rape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/however-brutal-the-husband-is-supreme-courts-observation-on-marital-rape-raises-eyebrows-3488783.html|title='However Brutal the Husband is...': Supreme Court's Observation on Marital Rape Raises Eyebrows|date=2 March 2021|website=www.news18.com}}</ref>

===Rape of a minor===
Bobde was hearing an appeal against [[anticipatory bail]] given to a person accused of raping a minor. During oral arguments Bobde asked the defendant "Will you marry her?".<ref name="Bar and Bench 01 March 2021">{{cite news|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/will-you-marry-her-supreme-court-asks-man-charged-rape-minor-girl |title=Will you marry her? Supreme Court asks government servant charged with repeatedly raping minor girl |work=Bar And Bench|date=1 March 2021|access-date=1 March 2021}}</ref> Following this exchange, women's rights and progressive groups called Bobde to step down for asking the accused rapist to marry the victim to avoid punishment.<ref name="The Guardian 04 March 2021">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/04/indias-top-judge-tells-accused-rapist-to-marry-victim-to-avoid-jail | title=India's top judge tells accused rapist to marry victim to avoid jail| date=4 March 2021}}</ref>

===Appointment of High Court Judges===
A three-judge bench of CJI Bobde and Justices [[Sanjay Kishan Kaul]] and [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]] issued binding directions to streamline the appointment of [[High courts of India|high court]] judges, within specified timelines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/law/cji-sa-bobde-legacy-high-court-pendency|title=CJI S.A. Bobde's Legacy: Two Orders That Could Reduce Pendency in HCs|website=The Wire}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chief Justices of India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bobde, Sharad}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of India]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Scholars from Nagpur]]

Malkapur, Buldhana district

2026-04-07T10:52:53Z

MochenKitche:

{{Other places|Malkapur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malkapur
| native_name = New Malkapur
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 50.80
| coordinates = {{coord|20.885|N|76.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 255
| population_total = 1,67,740
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 280
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=" Population Census Abstract 2011">{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.in/catalog/villagetown-wise-primary-census-abstract-2011-maharashtra|title=Village/Town-wise Primary Census Abstract, 2011 - MAHARASHTRA|date=13 January 2015}} </ref>
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 443101
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07267
| registration_plate = MH 28
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 0.9333 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 85%
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name = Malkapur City
| demographics1_footnotes =
}}

'''Malkapur''' is a city and [[municipality]] in the [[Buldhana district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is Known for its historical and economic significance.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.in/catalog/villagetown-wise-primary-census-abstract-2011-maharashtra|title=Village/Town-wise Primary Census Abstract, 2011 - MAHARASHTRA|date=13 January 2015}} </ref> Malkapur Municipal Council has a population of 67,740. In which 34,693 are males and 33,047 females . Malkapur has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 75%. The male literacy is 89% and female literacy is 75%. In Malkapur, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |31398
| style="text-align:right;" |29614
| style="text-align:right;" |61012
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |51.393
| style="text-align:right;" |41.739
| style="text-align:right;" |0.113
| style="text-align:right;" |0.098
| style="text-align:right;" |4.183
| style="text-align:right;" |2.460
| style="text-align:right;" |0.013
| style="text-align:right;" |0.000
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |34693
| style="text-align:right;" |33047
| style="text-align:right;" |67740
| style="text-align:right;" |0.110
| style="text-align:right;" |46.826
| style="text-align:right;" |45.638
| style="text-align:right;" |0.145
| style="text-align:right;" |0.035
| style="text-align:right;" |4.519
| style="text-align:right;" |2.325
| style="text-align:right;" |0.012
| style="text-align:right;" |0.500
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.51393,0.46826
| y2=0.41739,0.45638
| y3=0.00113,0.00145
| y4=0.00098,0.00035
| y5=0.04183,0.04519
| y6=0.0246,0.02325
| y7=0.00013,0.00012
| y8=0,0.005
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.51393,0.46826
| y2=0.41739,0.45638
| y3=0.00113,0.00145
| y4=0.00098,0.00035
| y5=0.04183,0.04519
| y6=0.0246,0.02325
| y7=0.00013,0.00012
| y8=0,0.005
}}

==Transport==
Malkapur is located on the [[Hazira|Hajira]] - [[Kolkata]] [[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 6]], which is a part of the [[AH46|Asian Highway 46]] from [[Kharagpur]] to [[Dhule]].[[Malkapur railway station]] lies on the [[Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Running|first1=Train|title=MKU/Malkapur railway station|url=https://trainsrunningstatus.net/station/malkapur-railway-station|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164233/https://trainsrunningstatus.net/station/malkapur-railway-station|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 September 2018|website=train running status|publisher=Train running status|accessdate=22 June 2017}}</ref>

'''Road'''

* '''National Highway 6 (NH 6)''': Malkapur is situated on NH 6, which is a major highway connecting Kolkata and Mumbai. This facilitates easy road access to major cities and towns.
* '''State Highways''': In addition to NH 6, several state highways connect Malkapur to neighboring towns and districts, ensuring good intra-state connectivity.
* '''Local Transport''': Buses, auto-rickshaws, and taxis are commonly used for local transport within the town and nearby areas.

=== Rail ===

* '''Malkapur Railway Station''': Located on the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line, the railway station is a crucial part of the town's connectivity. It links Malkapur to major cities like Nagpur, Mumbai, and Kolkata, providing regular passenger and freight services.

=== Air ===

* '''Nearest Airport''': The nearest airport is in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, approximately 180 kilometers away. It offers domestic and limited international flights, connecting Malkapur to various parts of India and select global destinations.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Malkapur
|North =
|Northeast =
|East = [[Nandura]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Motala, Buldhana|Motala]], [[Buldhana]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Bodwad]]([[Jalgaon district]])
|Northwest = [[Muktainagar]]([[Jalgaon district]])
}}

{{Buldhana district}}
{{Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Buldhana district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

GEMS Our Own Indian School

2026-04-03T19:34:38Z

MochenKitche: made new pg

{{Infobox school
| name = GEMS Our Own Indian School
| native_name = جيمس مدرستنا الهندية
| logo = GEMS Our Own Indian logo.png
| logo_size = 300
| motto = Nurturing Dynamic Learners in an Inclusive Environment
| motto_translation = رعاية المتعلمين الديناميكيين في بيئة شاملة
| city = [[Dubai]]
| postal_code = 26845
| country = United Arab Emirates
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.1707| 55.2618|display=inline,title}}
| former_name = Varkey International Private School
| established = 1991 (34 years ago)
| founders = {{hlist|Mariamma Varkey|K.S. Varkey|[[Sunny Varkey]]|}}
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] {{flagicon|India}}
| authority = [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]] {{flagicon|Dubai}}
| principal = Lalitha Suresh
| staff = ~171 Teachers
| enrollment = ~3735 Students
| ratio = 22:1
| language = English
| hours_in_day = Regular Days: 6 Hours .
Fridays: 3.5 Hours .
| houses = {{Unbulleted list| {{Color box|green|border=black}} Aries | {{Color box|red|border=black}} Taurus | {{Color box|blue|border=black}} Aquarius | {{Color box|yellow|border=black}} Leo}}
| nickname = OIS
| fees = [[File:UAE Dirham Symbol.svg|20px]] 7,043 - [[File:UAE Dirham Symbol.svg|20px]] 14,696
| affiliation = {{hlist
| [[GEMS Education]]
| [[Eco-Schools]]
| [[UNESCO|UNESCO Associated Schools Network]]
| [[Microsoft|Microsoft Showcase School]]
| [[HP Inc.|HP Idea School]]
| [[Toastmasters International]]
| [[Emirates Scout Association]]
}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.gemsoo-alquoz.com/en}}
}}

'''GEMS Our Own Indian School''' is a [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]-affiliated school in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]. The school was established in 1991 to provide education to children from the [[Indians in the United Arab Emirates|Indian diaspora living in the Emirates]]. The school has been rated as "very good"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=KHDA |first=DSIB |date=2023-04-18 |title=KHDA DSIB Inspections |url=https://www.khda.gov.ae/DISB/AttachmentDownload.aspx?DOC_ID=D0AsRvea/vM= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422212557/https://www.khda.gov.ae/DISB/AttachmentDownload.aspx?DOC_ID=D0AsRvea/vM= |archive-date=2023-04-22 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.khda.gov.ae}}</ref> by the [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]] during the DSIB Inspections for the academic year 2023-2024. The school started in 1991 as Varkey International Private School and renamed itself to [[GEMS Education|GEMS]] Our Own Indian School in 2012. The school saw its relocation to its current campus in [[Al Quoz|Al Quoz 1]] in 2002. The school vision is 'Nurturing Dynamic Learners in an Inclusive Environment'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vision and Mission |url=https://www.gemsoo-alquoz.com/About%20Us/Vision%20and%20Mission |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.gemsoo-alquoz.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The school started as Varkey International Private School in an effort to provide education to the [[Kerala Gulf diaspora|Keralite community]] living in the Emirates and was affiliated with the [[Kerala Board of Public Examination|Kerala State Board]]. The school was located in Al Gharoud until it moved to the current campus on Al Meydan Street. The school opened its doors to children in 1991 with Mrs. Annie George as its first principal who led the school until 1999. The school began with 438 students and 30 teachers and basic support staff. After its relocation in 2002, it was renamed Our Own Indian School in 2004 and again to its current name GEMS Our Own Indian School in 2012. Lalitha Suresh became the school's principal in 2012 along with other major changes that laid the foundation for the current school. The school received their first "Very-Good" DSIB rating for the academic year 2022-23. The school became a fully [[Mixed-sex education|co-ed]] school starting from the academic year 2024-25.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Saseendran |first=Sajila |date=December 13, 2016 |title=Ex-students, teachers reunite at silver jubilee of Dubai school |work=Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/ex-students-teachers-reunite-at-silver-jubilee-of-dubai-school-1.1944367 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429044455/https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/ex-students-teachers-reunite-at-silver-jubilee-of-dubai-school-1.1944367 |archive-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> The school is rumoured to again relocate its campus in the academic year 2027-28 from the current location to which it had relocated in 2002, marking the end of 25 years in the current campus.

=== The early leadership ===
The school was founded by the Mariamma Varkey, her husband K.S. Varkey and their son, [[Sunny Varkey]]. Mariamma Varkey and her family moved to the [[Emirate of Dubai]] in 1959, 12 years before the [[History of the United Arab Emirates|Unification of the Emirates]]. She was an English teacher from the Indian state of [[Kerala]] who moved to the Emirate. She and her husband K.S. Varkey established the [[Our Own English High School]] in 1968. She was also a key role in establishing the Varkey International Private School in 1991 and was a major part of its leadership till her death at the age of 89 in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Issac |date=2023-05-05 |title=UAE: Mariamma Varkey passes away |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-mariamma-varkey-founder-of-first-gems-education-school-passes-away |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621043418/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-mariamma-varkey-founder-of-first-gems-education-school-passes-away |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.khaleejtimes.com |language=english}}</ref>

== Overview ==
[[File:VIPS_campus.jpg|alt=old campus VIPS .jpg|right|1x1px]]

The school has approximately 171 teachers and 3735 students of which 349 are children of determination. The largest nationality for both students and teachers at the school is [[Indian people|Indian]].<ref name=":0" /> A regular school day starts at 7:40 am and ends at 1:35 pm, whereas on Fridays, in light of the [[Friday prayer|Jumu'ah prayer]] offered by [[Muslims|Muslim]] students, the school day starts at 7:40 am and ends at 11:10 am.

=== Campus ===
The school campus covers an area of 11,994 square meters (129,102 square feet) with the average classroom measuring 50 square meters, there are 106 classrooms. The school also has 6 laboratories measuring 70 square meters on average.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Lalitha |date=2021-05-20 |title=Mandatory Public Disclosure |url=https://www.gemsoo-alquoz.com/-/media/project/gems/ois_gems_our_own_indian_school_dubai/_files-and-documents/cbse-details/mandatory-public-disclosure-20-5-21.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401212115/https://www.gemsoo-alquoz.com/-/media/project/gems/ois_gems_our_own_indian_school_dubai/_files-and-documents/cbse-details/mandatory-public-disclosure-20-5-21.pdf |archive-date=2023-04-01 |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=/www.gemsoo-alquoz.com}}</ref>
[[File:Oois-Alqouz-GEMS.jpg|thumb|The Main Entrance to the school]]

=== Extra-curricular activities ===
The school promotes extra-curricular activities of all kinds. It has multiple student-led clubs that promote communication skills, photography, art, music and others. The school also offers a volleyball, basketball court and a cricket net. Every year the school hosts a [[Model United Nations|United Nations Simulation]] conference debate with students representing different countries.<ref name=":2" />

=== KHDA inspection report ===
'''''Source'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=KHDA |first=DSIB |date=2009–2022 |title=KHDADSIB |url=https://web.khda.gov.ae/en/Education-Directory/Schools/School-Details?Id=237&CenterID=89 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.khda.gov.ae}}</ref>'''

The [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]] (Knowledge and Human Development Authority) is the primary authority for education in the [[Emirate of Dubai]]. They create an inspection report every year of all the educational institutions in the emirate. This is done by the DSIB (Dubai School Inspection Bureau), a branch of the KHDA. Inspections normally start in October every year and go on till February and occasionally beyond.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Karam |first=Dr. Abdulla |date=2023-05-18 |title=DSIB |url=https://web.khda.gov.ae/en/Resources/Private-education-quality-in-dubai/Dubai-Schools-Inspection-Bureau-(DSIB) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128170234/https://web.khda.gov.ae/en/Resources/Private-education-quality-in-dubai/Dubai-Schools-Inspection-Bureau-(DSIB) |archive-date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.khda.gov.ae}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al Karam |first=Dr. Abdulla |date=2023-05-15 |title=KHDA DSIB |url=https://www.khda.gov.ae/DSIBRecruit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506143721/https://www.khda.gov.ae/DSIBRecruit/ |archive-date=2023-05-06 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.khda.gov.ae}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!School name
!Curriculum
!Year
!Rating
|-
| rowspan="3" |Our Own Indian School
| rowspan="3" |CBSE
|2009-2010
|Acceptable
|-
|2010-2011
|Good
|-
|2011-2012
|Good
|-
| rowspan="10" |GEMS Our Own Indian School
| rowspan="10" |CBSE
|2012-2013
|Good
|-
|2013-2014
|Good
|-
|2014-2015
|Acceptable
|-
|2015-2016
|Good
|-
|2016-2017
|Good
|-
|2017-2018
|Good
|-
|2018-2019
|Good
|-
|2019-2020
|Good
|-
|2022-2023
|Very-Good
|-
|2023-2024
|Very-Good
|}
=== Uniforms ===
The school's uniforms consist of a white shirt with blue stripes and navy trousers or shorts (boys and girls), navy skirts (for girls), a navy-blue tie (grades 9-12 boys), a navy-blue neck scarf (grades 9-12 girls), navy socks (grades 1-10), black shoes and white shoes (core and physical education respectively), and black leather belts. The grades 11 and 12 students have special dark grey blazers, trousers and socks. The physical education uniform consists of a t-shirt and trackpants in either of the four house colours. The kindergarten uniform consists of a blue and white polo with navy blue trackpants or shorts. The school uniform is issued by Threads.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=threads IT department |first=threads IT department |date=15 May 2023 |title=Threads Uniform Guide for Indian Curriculum in the UAE |url=https://www.threadsme.com/uniform-guide-indian-curriculum/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.threadsme.com}}</ref>

== CBSE and other affiliations ==
The school is a [[for-profit]] managed by [[GEMS Education]] since 2000 when the company was established and administered by the Varkey Group until then. The school is recognized by the [[Ministry of Education (United Arab Emirates)|United Arab Emirates Ministry of Education]] and the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[New Delhi]] (Affiliation No. 6630046) which is India's national-level education board managed by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=JOHRI |first=DR. ANTRIKSH |date=2023-05-15 |title=CBSE affiliation list |url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/userview.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515195344/https://saras.cbse.gov.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/userview.aspx |archive-date=2023-05-15 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=saras.cbse.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Schools in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Schools affiliated to CBSE]]
[[Category:GEMS Education schools]]
[[Category:Private schools in the United Arab Emirates]]

Lalremtluanga Fanai

2026-04-01T10:51:18Z

MochenKitche: Started Initial Info W/ Refs

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lalremtluanga Fanai
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|09|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aizwal]], [[Mizoram]], India
| height = 1.78 m
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| clubnumber = 23
| youthyears1 = 2021–22
| youthclubs1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| years1 = 2022–23
| clubs1 = [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru B]]
| caps1 = 3
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2023–
| clubs2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps2 = 42
| goals2 = 0

| nationalyears1 = 2021
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U16]]
| nationalcaps1 = 2
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2025–
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps2 = 5
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 2025–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 1
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| club-update = 15:30, 23 May 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 15:30, 8 November 2025 (UTC)
}}

'''Lalremtluanga Fanai''' (born 10 July 2002) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]] for the [[Indian Super League]] club [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] and the [[India national football team]].

== Club career ==
=== Bengaluru ===
Fanai was a student of first batch of [[Tata Trusts Centre Of Excellence]] for football in [[Aizwal]], [[Mizoram]]. He was there at the centre for few years before joining [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|youth team]] of [[Bengaluru FC]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalremtluanga Fanai profile |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/108202?type=club |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref> He played at the [[Reliance Foundation Development League|Development League]] and won the [[2022 Reliance Foundation Development League|2022]] edition with Bengaluru.<ref name="RFDL1">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |first=Sourav |last=Modak |title=Bengaluru FC hold Kerala Blasters to emerge inaugural RFDL champions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bengaluru-fc-hold-kerala-blasters-to-emerge-inaugural-rfdl-champions/articleshow/91523676.cms |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227124519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bengaluru-fc-hold-kerala-blasters-to-emerge-inaugural-rfdl-champions/articleshow/91523676.cms |archive-date=27 February 2023}}</ref> For [[2023–24 in Indian football|2023–24]] season, he was promoted to the [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru B]] team. He played few matches at the [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23 I-League 2]] and a single match at the [[2023 Super Cup (India)|2023 Super Cup]]. From the next season he has been a part of the main team of Bengaluru. He regularly featured for the team for [[2023–24 Bengaluru FC season|2023–24 season]], played almost all the league and cup matches.<ref name="Soccerway"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Lalremtluanga Fanai profile |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-175579-lalremtluanga-fanai-profile |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

==International career==
Fanai was part of [[India national under-17 football team|India under-17]] squad under [[Bibiano Fernandes]], that would have played the [[2020 AFC U-16 Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |title=U-16 National Team set for exposure matches against UAE |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/u-16-national-team-set-for-exposure-matches-against-uae |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025|date=11 January 2021}}</ref> However, the championship was cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Executive Committee announces updates to 2020 competitions calendar |url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-champions-league/latest/news/afc-executive-committee-announces-updates-to-2020-competitions-calendar |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |access-date=25 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910125716/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-champions-league/latest/news/afc-executive-committee-announces-updates-to-2020-competitions-calendar |archive-date=10 September 2020 |date=10 September 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As a preparation, India played two international friendlies against [[United Arab Emirates national under-17 football team |United Arab Emirates]]. Fanai played both the matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=India U-16s suffer defeat in friendly against UAE |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u-16s-suffer-defeat-in-friendly-against-uae |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025 |date=21 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India U-16 National Team beat UAE in friendly |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u-16-national-team-beat-uae-in-friendly |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=25 May 2025|date=24 January 2021}}</ref>

In May 2025, then [[India national under-23 football team|India under-23]] head coach [[Naushad Moosa]] listed Fanai in the 29-members probable squad for two friendlies that will be held in Tajikistan in June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naushad Moosa names 29-member probable squad for India U23s |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=22 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522171716/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |archive-date=22 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|23 March 2026}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|lalremtluanga-fanai/928459}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!colspan="2"|[[Durand Cup]]
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goal
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru B]]
|[[2022–23 Bengaluru FC season|2022–23]]
|[[I-League 2]]
|3||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||3||0
|-
! colspan="2"| Total
!3!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–!!3!!0
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2022–23 Bengaluru FC season|2022–23]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Indian Super League]]
|colspan="2"|–||1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Bengaluru FC season|2023–24]]
|10||0||3||0||3||0||0||0||16||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Bengaluru FC season|2024–25]]
|26||0||1||0||5||0||0||0||32||0
|-
|[[2025-26 Bengaluru FC season|2025-26]]
|6||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
! colspan="3"| Total
!42!!0!!6!!0!!8!!0!!0!!0!!56!!0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!45!!0!!6!!0!!8!!0!!0!!0!!59!!0
|}


=== International ===
{{updated|18 November 2025}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|101772}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2025||1||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!1!!0
|}

== Honours ==
'''[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru B]]'''
* [[Reliance Foundation Development League|Development League]]: [[2022 Reliance Foundation Development League|2022]]<ref name="RFDL1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Biography}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/108202?type=club Lalremtluanga Fanai] at AIFF
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-175579-lalremtluanga-fanai-profile Lalremtluanga Fanai] at ISL
* {{Soccerway|928459}}

{{Bengaluru FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fanai, Lalremtluanga}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana

2026-03-30T23:54:04Z

MochenKitche: New Info

{{Short description|2005 film by Prabhu Deva}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana
| image = Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prabhu Deva]]
| screenplay = [[M. S. Raju]]
| story = [[Veeru Potla]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Dialogue by
| data1 = [[Paruchuri brothers]]
}}
| producer = M. S. Raju
| starring = {{ubl|[[Srihari]]|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]|[[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]}}
| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
| editing = K. V. Krishna Reddy
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| studio = [[Sumanth Art Productions]]
| distributor = Sumanth Arts
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|01|14}}
| runtime = 161 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'''''{{Efn|Spelt as ''Nuvvosthanante Nenoddantaana'' on the CBFC certificate.}} ({{IPA|te|nuvːostaːnaṇʈeː neːnodːaṇʈaːnaː|pron}}; {{translation|If you wish to come, would I refuse?}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2018-10-15 |title=Ten Indian films with multiple remakes |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bXD0noDJT8tcVCmijrb1gK/Ten-Indian-films-with-multiple-remakes.html |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref> directed by [[Prabhu Deva]] in his directorial debut and produced by [[M. S. Raju]] under [[Sumanth Art Productions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana |work=Sify |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review-telugu-pclvGeahdihei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127032511/https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review-telugu-pclvGeahdihei.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> The film stars [[Srihari]], [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], and [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]]. The music was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], with cinematography by [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]. The film's title was inspired by the song of the same name from ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004), sung by [[K. S. Chithra]].

The film won nine [[Filmfare Awards South]] (including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]) and five [[Nandi Awards]]. The film was remade in nine other languages—the highest for any Indian film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamillapalle |first=Nischala |date=2021-10-07 |title=20 South Indian Films With The Most Number Of Remakes |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-tamil-malayalam-kannada-movies-20-south-indian-films-remade-the-most-drishyam-okkadu-ghilli-pokiri-sethu#google_vignette |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The film also holds the distinction of receiving the most Filmfare Awards by any [[Cinema of South India|South Indian film]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/archives/september2006/filmfarewinners.htm |title=53rd Annual South Filmfare Awards Winners |access-date=2 May 2007 |date=9 September 2006 |publisher=CineGoer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429030243/http://www.cinegoer.com/archives/september2006/filmfarewinners.htm |archive-date=29 April 2007}}</ref>

==Plot==
Siri is a traditional rural girl from [[Andhra Pradesh]] who was brought up by her elder brother, Sivaramakrishna. Twenty years prior, their rich father married another woman and kicked out the two kids and their mother, humiliating them as they went. Shortly afterwards, their mother died, leaving 13-year-old Sivaramakrishna to take care of infant Siri alone.

Sivaramakrishna had his mother's grave built on a small plot of farmland the siblings inherited, but the Zamindar Muddu Krishnayya asserted that the land belonged to him, since their mother had not repaid a loan she took out with him. Muddu Krishnayya insisted that the grave be removed, but Sivaramakrishna begged him for the chance to pay off the loan, promising to work day and night working the farm, as long as they didn't tear down his mother's grave. Muddu Krishnayya agreed when the local station master agreed to provide security. Slowly, Sivaramakrishna turned the tide, working hard to raise his sister and become a successful farmer. Meanwhile Siri went to school and eventually got her engineering degree in a nearby town.

In the present day, Lalitha, Siri's best friend from their early school days comes to town to invite Siri to her house to help her get ready for her wedding. Reluctantly, as they had never been apart long, Sivaramakrishna agrees to send Siri two weeks ahead of the marriage. Lalitha's cousin, Santosh, a cheerful boy brought up in [[London]], born to millionaire parents Janaki and Prakash, also arrives on the same day with his mother.

At first, Siri is aggravated by Santosh, as he teases and flirts with her often. But soon, she grows to appreciate his sweet nature, while Santosh admires how humble and caring she is. Santosh and Siri fall in love and agree with each other to get married.

Santosh's mother, Janaki finds out that Santosh has fallen in love with Siri, but she doesn't accept their relationship as Siri comes from a poor family, believing Siri to be below their standards. Janaki also promises Santosh to be married to Dolly, the wealthy daughter of her brother's business partner, JP. On the day of the wedding, while Santosh is away running an errand, Sivaramakrishna arrives, and Janaki humiliates both him and Siri, accusing the two of trying to entice and trap Santosh. Sivaramakrishna is enraged at the accusation but leaves with a tearful Siri without settling the score out of love for Lalitha, not wanting to disrupt her wedding.

When Santosh learns what happened, he refuses to go back to London with his mother as he promised. He instead goes to Siri's house to apologize and to plead with Sivaramakrishna to accept him for Siri. Sivaramakrishna is highly distrustful of Santosh, knowing well from experience with his own father that rich folk can turn their backs on their family, but the station master convinces Sivaramakrishna to give Santosh a chance, just like he was given a chance by Krishnayya when he was a child. Santosh is asked to prove himself by working on the farm. He accepts the challenge to grow more barrels of grain than Sivaramakrishna by the end of the season and agrees to leave the village forever and never see Siri again if he does not.

Krishnayya is not happy as he wants Siri to marry his son. Krishnayya, his son, Dolly, and her father, JP, all try to get Santosh to lose the competition, trying to sabotage Santosh's work, and Santosh has to work hard for his love. As a city boy growing up in the lap of luxury, he finds it hard to adjust to the demanding nature of work on the farm and learning how to do it all for the first time, but he works tirelessly for Siri and grows to love the simple life on the farm and in the village. Though icy at first, Sivaramakrishna grows to see how much Santosh loves Siri. In spite of many antics from Krishnayya's and JP's side, Santosh succeeds in growing more grain than Sivaramakrishna and earning his approval.

At the moment of celebration, Krishnayya and his men kidnap Siri and try to force her to marry his son. A fight erupts when Sivaramakrishna and Santosh find them and try to save Siri. In a moment of frenzy, as Krishnayya's son forces Siri to the ground, Santosh buries a knife in his neck, killing him. Having grown to love Santosh, Sivaramakrishna takes the blame for the murder.

After spending five years in prison, on the day Sivaramakrishna is released, he finds Santosh and Siri waiting for him at the gate in wedding attire. They reveal that they didn't think it right to get married without Sivaramakrishna there. Prakash and Janaki also accompany them, and Janaki pays him her respects, giving both apology for the way she treated him and thanks for the sacrifice he made for her son.

Finally, Siri and Santosh joyfully get married in everyone's presence.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Srihari]] as Sivaramakrishna
*[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] as Santosh
*[[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] as Siri, Sivaramakrishna's sister (voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
*[[Archana Shastry|Veda]] as Lalitha "Lalli", Siri's best friend and Santosh's cousin (voice dubbed by [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]])
*[[Prakash Raj]] as Prakash, Santosh's father
*[[Santhoshi]] as Gowri
*[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Janaki, Santosh's mother (voice dubbed by [[Roja Ramani]])
*[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Banda
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Kantepudi Srinivasa Rao
*[[Nanditha Jennifer]] as Dolly
*[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as JP, Srinivasa Rao's business partner and Dolly's father
*[[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkatachalam, Station Master
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram, Jailor
*[[Narsing Yadav]] as Narasimha
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Lalli's blackmailer
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Udayagiri Subbarao
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Muddu Krishnayya
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Tempo Rao
*[[Shanoor Sana|Sana]] as Lalli's mother
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as a priest
*[[Pavala Syamala]] as the grandmother
*Abhishek as Muddu Krishnayya's son
*Master Nandu as young Sivarama Krishna
*[[Prabhu Deva]] as the bullock cart driver in the song "Paripoke Pitta" (special appearance)
*[[M. S. Raju]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
The story of ''Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'' was written by [[Veeru Potla]], while the screenplay was penned by producer [[M. S. Raju]]. The dialogues were written by the [[Paruchuri brothers]]. The film has drawn comparisons to the 1989 Hindi film ''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2013 |title=The two men of Ramaiya Vastavaiya on the love story |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-two-men-of-ramaiya-vastavaiya-on-the-love-story/cid/277585 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2013-07-20 |title='Ramaiya Vastavaiya' Critics Review: Worth a Miss |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/039ramaiya-vastavaiya039-critics-review-worth-a-miss-492625 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |language=en}}</ref> and the 1996 Telugu film ''[[Ramudochadu]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jahnavi |date=2020-09-29 |title='America Abbayi, Andhra Ammayi': How NRI men find love in Telugu cinema |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/america-abbayi-andhra-ammayi-how-nri-men-find-love-telugu-cinema-134158 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> with similarities in their plots and themes.

M. S. Raju brought in [[Prabhu Deva]], who choreographed the song "Nuvvostanante" in his production ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'', to direct the film although Deva was hesitant to direct a film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-nuvvostanante.html|title=Muhurat Function - Nuvvostanante Ne Vaddantana|work=Idlebrain|date=14 May 2004}}</ref> Raju initially wanted to name the film ''O Prema Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'', but decided against it because the title was relatively long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-nuvvostanante.html|title=Press meet: Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana|date=14 December 2004|work=Idlebrain}}</ref> [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] was cast after Raju liked his performance in ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' (2003) and wanted to cast someone who was underexposed in the industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-msraju.html|title=Chitchat with MS Raju about Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana|date=4 January 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 21 December 2004
| recorded = 2004
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 32:31
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| prev_title = [[Naa Alludu]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Thirupaachi]]
| next_year = 2005
}}
The soundtrack features eight songs composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-nuvvostanante.html|title=Audio release - Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana|date=20 December 2004|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> The soundtrack featured a remixed version of the song "Prema Kosamai Valalo" sung by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] for the 1951 film ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]''. This version was sung by Jr. Ghantasala. All lyrics were penned by [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]].
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_credits =
| total_length =
| title1 = Chandrulo Unde
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 4:17
| title2 = Something Something
| extra2 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length2 = 5:35
| title3 = Niluvaddam
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Sumangali
| length3 = 5:59
| title4 = Paripoke Pitta
| extra4 = [[Mallikarjun]], [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]]
| length4 = 3:40
| title5 = Prema Kosamai Valalo (Remix)
| extra5 = Ghantasala
| length5 = 2:11
| title6 = Ghal Ghal
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length6 = 5:20
| title7 = Padam Kadalanantundha
| extra7 = Sagar
| length7 = 1:12
| title8 = Adhire Adhire
| extra8 = [[Jassie Gift]], [[Kalpana Raghavendar]]
| length8 = 4:17
}}

==Release==
The film was released with 90 prints on 14 January 2005; more prints were added later to meet the public demand.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 January 2005|title=Trade Report - Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/story-nuvvostanante.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214231223/http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/story-nuvvostanante.html|archive-date=14 February 2012|access-date=4 August 2007|publisher=IdleBrain}}</ref> It was one of the biggest hits of 2005 in [[Telugu cinema]]. The film ran for 50 days in 79 centres<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/nvnv50dayscenters.html NVNV direct 50 days centers] IdleBrain. Retrieved 28 August 2008.</ref> and 100 days in 35 centres, becoming a blockbuster in Telugu cinema.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/nvnv100dayscenters.html NVNV direct 100 days centers] IdleBrain. Retrieved 28 August 2008.</ref> After the film's success, Siddharth shifted his focus to Telugu films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siddharth-birthday-from-nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-to-oh-my-friend-five-must-watch-romantic-films-7277652/|title=On Siddharth's birthday, his five must-watch romantic films: From Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana to Bommarillu|work=Indian Express|last=Kameshwari|first=A.|date=18 April 2021 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Sify]]'' which rated the film 3/5, stated that, "''Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'' a real treat and a joy to watch on screen." The reviewer praising performances of the cast, wrote: "Although the characters are built on obvious cliches, the charming performance of artists bring these seemingly archetypes to life".<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2005|title=Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review-telugu-pclvGzjdijdgd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222215035/http://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review-telugu-pclvGzjdijdgd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2017|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated 4/5 and opined, "Screenplay provided by MS Raju is gripping. He made sure that there is no dull moment throughout the film. Direction by Prabhudeva is really good."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana - Telugu cinema Review - Siddardha, Trisha, Srihari|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-nuvvostanante.html|access-date=2021-01-03|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="15"| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="15"| [[53rd Filmfare Awards South|9 September 2006]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
| ''Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'' – [[Sumanth Art Productions]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="15"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/archives/september2006/filmfarewinners.htm |title=53rd Annual Filmfare Awards-South Winners |date=9 September 2006 |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429030243/http://www.cinegoer.com/archives/september2006/filmfarewinners.htm |archive-date=29 April 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/news/06/sep/13_53_fair_one_filmfare_south_awards.asp |title=53rd FAIR ONE FILMFARE SOUTH AWARDS |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105005804/http://www.glamsham.com/movies/news/06/sep/13_53_fair_one_filmfare_south_awards.asp |archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Prabhu Deva]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South|Best Choreography]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
| [[Srihari]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Archana Shastry]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian – Telugu]]
| [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Special Award – South|Best Background Score – Telugu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]] – (for "Ghal Ghal (Akasam Thakela)")
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]] – (for "Chandrulo Unde")
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]] – (for "Chandrulo Unde")
| {{won}}
|-
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] – (for "Ghal Ghal (Akasam Thakela)")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]] – (for "Something Something")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5"| [[Nandi Awards]]
| rowspan="5"| [[Nandi Awards of 2005|2006]]
| [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film]]
| ''Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana'' – [[Sumanth Art Productions]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2005.html |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2005 |website=APSFTVTDC |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964 - 2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964 - 2008) |access-date=4 June 2021 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Srihari]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Female Comedian|Best Female Comedian]]
| [[Santhoshi]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]]
| Vivek
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[Santosham Film Awards]]
| 6 August 2006
| [[Santosham Best Music Director Award|Best Music Director]]
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| {{won}}
|
|-
|}

== Remakes ==
This film was highly successful and was remade in nine languages, the highest number of remakes for an Indian film in other languages.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ఎక్కువ భాషల్లో రీమేక్.. మన తెలుగు సినిమాకే ఆ రికార్డ్ |url=https://tv9telugu.com/tag/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-remade-in-8-languages |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

# [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] as ''[[Neenello Naanalle]]'' (2006)
# [[Tamil language cinema|Tamil]] as ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]'' (2006)
# [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] as ''[[I Love You (2007 Bengali film)|I Love You]]'' (2007)
# [[Meitei cinema|Manipuri]] as ''Ningol Thajaba'' (2007)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2024 |title=Not Drishyam Or Vedalam, This South Blockbuster Has The Most Remakes |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/not-drishyam-or-vedalam-this-south-blockbuster-has-the-most-remakes-8774085.html |access-date=1 January 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
# [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia]] as ''[[Suna Chadhei Mo Rupa Chadhei]]'' (2009)
# [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] as ''[[Tera Mera Ki Rishta]]'' (2009)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Kiddaan.com |title=23 Punjabi Movies That Are Remakes Of Other Language Movies |url=https://kiddaan.com/punjabi-movies-remakes-of-other-language-movies/ |website=Kiddaan |date=23 June 2021}}</ref>
# [[Cinema of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi]] as ''[[Nissash Amar Tumi]]'' (2010)
# [[Cinema of Nepal|Nepali]] as ''The Flash Back: Farkera Herda'' (2010)
# [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] as ''[[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]]'' (2013) directed by [[Prabhu Deva]] himself

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0455663}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{succession box|title=[[Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu)]]|years=2005|before=''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]''|after=''[[Bommarillu]]''}}
{{end}}
{{Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana and its remakes}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Home Viewing Feature Film}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}
{{Prabhu Deva}}{{M. S. Raju}}

[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2005 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Prabhu Deva]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2005 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]

Malik Ambar

2026-03-28T04:18:20Z

MochenKitche: minor cleaned up lead as per guidelines and improved wording based on references

{{Short description|Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate and former Ethiopian slave (1548–1626)}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Malik Ambar
| image = Malik amber ahmadnager hi.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Malik Ambar by Mughal court artist in 1620<ref>Sheikh Chand, Malik Ambar,"Ehde Afreen; Hyderabad; 1929</ref><ref>Times of India, '' Plus Supplement'', July 1999,</ref>
| birth_name = Wako<ref name="RobbinsMcleod50">{{cite book|author=Kenneth X. Robbins |author2=John McLeod |title=African Elites in India|date=2006|publisher=Mapin|isbn=81-88204-73-0|page=50|oclc=701823920}}</ref> Chapu<ref name="RobbinsMcleod50"/>
| birth_date = 1548<ref name="trtworld.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/malik-ambar-the-ethiopian-slave-who-became-a-kingmaker-in-india-33181|title=Malik Ambar: The Ethiopian slave who became a kingmaker in India|access-date=30 January 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226042145/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/malik-ambar-the-ethiopian-slave-who-became-a-kingmaker-in-india-33181|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1626|05|14|1548|||df=y}}<ref name="w860">{{cite web | title=History of Medieval Deccan | first=H. K. | last=Sherwani | url=https://ia801501.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.127053/2015.127053.History-Of-Medieval-Deccan-Vol-i-1295-1724_text.pdf | access-date=16 December 2025 | page=350}}</ref>
| birth_place = Haramaya, [[Adal Sultanate]]<ref name="trtworld.com"/>
| death_place = [[Khuldabad]], [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
| allegiance = Nizam Shah of Ahmednagar
| spouse = Bibi Karima
| children = [[Fath Khan|Fateh Khan]] Changiz Khan 2 daughters
| office = [[Peshwa]] of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
| successor = [[Fath Khan]]
| term_start = 1600
| term_end = 14 May 1626
| monarch = [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]]
| battles = [[Siege of Ahmednagar (1619)]] [[Battle of Bhatvadi]] [[Parviz's Deccan Expedition]]
}}

'''Malik Ambar''' (1548 – 14 May 1626) was a military leader and statesman who served as the [[Peshwa]] (Prime Minister) of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and its ''de facto'' ruler from 1600 until his death in 1626.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/malik-ambar-aurangabad-mughals-jahangir-akbar-shivaji-6397143/|title=Malik Ambar: The African king who built Aurangabad and ruined the game for Mughals in the Deccan|date=15 May 2020}}</ref>

Originally a slave from modern day [[Ethiopia]], ''Chapu'', as he was known then, was sold from place to place by many slave merchants, one of whom renamed him Ambar and converted him to Islam. He was eventually brought to India, where he was bought by his last owner, the Peshwa of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Ambar rose through the ranks at Ahmadnagar, where he created a mercenary force numbering greater than 50,000 men. He was eventually given the title "Malik" (ملِك), meaning king in Arabic. He was based in the Deccan region and was hired by local kings. Ambar became a popular Prime Minister of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], showing administrative acumen.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|title=The architecture of a Deccan sultanate: courtly practice and royal authority in late medieval India|year=2018 |isbn=978-1-83860-927-6|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|pages=xx-xxv|oclc=1090743377}}</ref>

He is also regarded as a pioneer in [[guerrilla warfare]] in the region. He is credited with carrying out a [[Permanent Settlement|revenue settlement]] of much of the Deccan, which formed the basis for subsequent settlements. He is a figure of veneration to the [[Siddi]]s of [[Gujarat]]. He challenged the might of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahs of Bijapur]] and raised the low status of the Nizam Shah.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/181613 |title=From Africa to India: Music of the Sidis and the Indian Ocean Diaspora (review) |first=Amelia |last=Maciszewski |journal=Asian Music |volume=36 |number=1 |date=Winter–Spring 2005 |pages=132–135 |doi=10.1353/amu.2005.0008|s2cid=191611760 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="michell_275">Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. ''Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates'' (''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]'' Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-56321-6}}, pp. 11–12</ref>

==Early life==
Malik Ambar was born in 1548 in [[Harar]], [[Adal Sultanate]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-32127-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&q=malik+ambar+harar&pg=PT69}}</ref> He was known as ''Chapu''.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{citation|title=Malik Ambar: The African slave who built Aurangabad and ruined the game for Mughals in the Deccan|date=15 May 2020|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/malik-ambar-aurangabad-mughals-jahangir-akbar-shivaji-6397143/|access-date= May 15, 2020}}</ref> Early sources claim he was from the now extinct [[Maya (Ethiopia)|Maya]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book |title=Tourism Potential in Aurangabad: With Ajanta, Ellora, Daulatabad Fort |year=1999 |publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan |page=6 |isbn=978-81-86050-44-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKnpAAAAMAAJ&q=+maya}}</ref> However historian [[Richard M. Eaton]] stated that Malik Ambar's "origin (is) in the Kambata region of southern Ethiopia".{{sfn|Eaton|2008|p=105}} Eaton also wrote that "Kambata, the region from which Malik Ambar appears to have come" might have influenced the names of places such as "Cumbala Hill a quarter in modern Mumbai whose name is probably derived from Kambata."{{sfn|Eaton|2008|p=108}}

Between the 14th and 17th centuries, the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Orthodox Christian]] [[Ethiopian Empire]] (led by the [[Solomonic dynasty]]) and adjacent [[Muslim]] states gathered many of their slaves from non-Abrahamic communities inhabiting regions like [[Kambata]], [[Kingdom of Damot|Damot]] and [[Hadya]], which were located to the south of their territory. Chapu was among the people who were [[converted to Islam]], and later dispatched abroad to serve as a warrior.<ref name="RobbinsMcleod50"/> According to the ''Futuhat-i `Adil Shahi'', he was sold into slavery by his parents and ended up in [[Mocha, Yemen|al-Mukha]] in [[Yemen]], where he was sold again for 20 ducats and was taken to the slave market in [[Baghdad]]. There he was sold a third time to the [[Qadi|Qazi al-Qudat]] of [[Mecca]] and then to Mir Qasim al-Baghdadi. Qasim converted Chapu to [[Islam]] from his traditional religion, educated him, and gave him the name Ambar, after recognizing his superior intellectual qualities.{{sfn|Chatterjee|Eaton|2006|pp=115–116}}{{sfn|Eaton|2008|p=106}} He eventually took Ambar to the [[Deccan Plateau]]. He was described by the Dutch merchant, [[Pieter van den Broecke]] as "a black [[kafir]] from Abyssinia with a stern Roman face."<ref>E. V. Donzel, "Slave-Trade in Ethiopia," p.185</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Malik Ambar: The Legacy of an Ethiopian Ruler in India|url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/O_Ali_MalikAmbar_2011.pdf|last=Ali|first=Omar H|year=2011|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref>

Ambar was then purchased by Changiz Khan, a former Habshi slave himself who served as the ''peshwa'' or chief minister of the [[Sultanate of Ahmadnagar]].<ref name="Habshi">Chinmay Tumbe, ''India Moving: A History of Migration'' (2019), p. 29</ref>

==Political background==
Muslim slaves known as ''[[Siddi|habshi]]'', were recruited in the Deccan since the rule of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], founded by North Indian Muslims known as the ''[[Deccanis]]''. Slaves were generally recruited where hereditary authority was weak, such as in the case of the Deccan, where a deadly and violent struggle between the two dominant and antagonistic factions within the Bahmani Sultanate, the Deccanis (Indian Muslims) and the Westerners (Persian migrants from the Gulf), caused a chronically unstable environment which created a market for culturally alien military labor. The interdependent relationship between the Deccanis and the Habshis engendered bonds of mutual trust, as the Deccanis had both kin and inherited authority, but lacked sufficient numbers, while the Habshis were able to provide support while lacking kin and inherited authority. This explained why high ranking army commanders were willing to entrust their most important official duties to their Habshi slaves. As the Habshi slaves became freemen on the death of their masters, continuing the military careers as freelancers, they generally allied themselves politically and culturally with the Deccani class in their rivalry against the Persians, embracing the Deccani Muslim identity and language.{{sfn|Eaton|2008|p=112}}

==Career==
[[File:Murtaza Nizam Shah II and Malik Ambar.jpg|thumb|Malik Ambar and [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]]]]
Once his master died, Malik Ambar was freed by his master's wife. He got married, and after getting freed, Ambar served the [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Sultan of Bijapur]] as an officer and gained the title "[[Malik]]" during this time. But Ambar quit this service in 1595 after citing insufficient support before entering service in the Nizam Shahi army.{{sfn|Chatterjee|Eaton|2006|p=124}}

Malik Ambar was the regent of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizamshahi dynasty]] of [[Ahmednagar]] from 1600 to 1626. During this period he increased the strength and power of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]] and raised a large army. He raised a cavalry which grew from 150 to 7000 in a short period of time and revitalized the Ahmadnagar sultanate by appointing puppet sultans to repel Mughal attacks from the North.<ref name=Habshi/> By 1610, his army grew to include 10,000 Habshis and 40,000 Deccanis.<ref name=Habshi/> Over the course of the next decade, Malik Ambar would fight and defeat Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]'s attempts to take over the kingdom.<ref name=Habshi/> Jahangir considered Malik Ambar his arch-nemesis and had publicly expressed his anger towards him. He criticized Ambar as "the ill-starred" and "the black fated". Abu'l Hasan, a chief painter at Emperor Jahangir's court, has created a painting, under Jahangir's commission in 1615, depicting Jahangir shooting arrows at the severed head of Ambar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-15|title=Malik Ambar: The African slave who built Aurangabad and ruined the game for Mughals in the Deccan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/malik-ambar-aurangabad-mughals-jahangir-akbar-shivaji-6397143/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dokras|first=Uday|title=The Siddhis of India – Part II|journal=The Chronicle of an African Diaspora|url=https://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/9233/files/2021/02/SIDDHIS-slaves-or-soldiers-II.pdf}}</ref>

Malik Ambar changed the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate from Paranda to [[Junnar]] and founded a new city, Khadki, which was later on renamed to [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] by [[Aurangzeb]] in the 1650s.

Malik Ambar is said to be one of the proponents of guerrilla warfare in the Deccan region. Malik Ambar assisted [[Shah Jahan]] wrestle power in Delhi from his stepmother, [[Nur Jahan]], who had ambitions of seating her son-in-law on the throne. Malik Ambar had also restored some credibility to the Sultans of Ahmadnagar, who had been subdued by the earlier Mughals (Akbar had annexed Ahmadnagar).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boloji.com/history/020.htm/boloji.com |title=The Indomitable Marathas by Neria H. Hebbar |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720054303/http://www.boloji.com/history/020.htm/boloji.com |archive-date=20 July 2012 }}</ref> However, he was defeated later when Shah Jahan led a massive army against the dwindling Ahmednagar. Later Malik Ambar offered full control of Berar and Ahmadnagar to the Mughal as a sign of surrender.<ref>{{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |year=1995 |title=The Mughal Empire |pages=112–113 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&q=malik+ambar+nur+jahan&pg=PA113|isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 }}</ref>

===Second conflict with Mughals===
Malik Ambar defeated the Mughal General Khan Khanan many times and often attacked Ahmadnagar. [[Lakhuji Jadhav]]rao, [[Maloji Bhosale]], [[Shahaji Bhosale]], Ranoji Wable and other [[Marathi people|Maratha]] chiefs had gained great prominence during this period. With the help of these Maratha chiefs, Malik Ambar had captured [[Ahmednagar Fort]] and town from the Mughals. But in one of the battles Malik Ambar was defeated by the Mughals and had to surrender the fort of Ahmadnagar. Many Maratha Chiefs and especially Lakhuji Jadhavrao joined the Mughals after this. [[Shah Jahan]] once again laid a crushing blow to Malik Ambar in one of the battles and further decreased his power.

==Death==
[[File:Tomb of Malik Ambar Back.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Tomb of Malik Ambar|Malik Ambar's Tomb]] at [[Khuldabad]] in 2022]]

He died in a dual battle against a Dadhiwadiya [[Charan]] of Marwar in 1626 at the age of 77. Dadhiwadiya Kuldeep was a military commander of the ruler of Marwar who was given the task of eliminating Malik Ambar. Malik Ambar had by his wife, Bibi Karima two sons; [[Fath Khan|Fateh Khan]] and Changiz Khan and two daughters.<ref>Omar H. Ali,''"Malik Ambar: Power and Slavery Across the Indian Ocean, p. 44"''</ref><ref>Shanti Sadiq Ali,''"The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times"'' p. 99</ref>

Fateh Khan succeeded his father as the regent of the Nizam Shahs. However, he did not possess his predecessor's political and military prowess. Through a series of internal struggles within the nobility (which included Fateh Khan assassinating his nephew, Sultan [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]]), the sultanate fell to the [[Mughal Empire]] within ten years of Ambar's death.

One of his daughters was married to a prince of the Ahmednagar royal family, who through Malik Ambar's aid was crowned as Sultan [[Murtaza Nizam Shah II]].{{sfn|Chatterjee|Eaton|2006|p=126}} The eldest and youngest daughters respectively were called Shahir Bano and Azija Bano, the latter of whom married a nobleman named Siddi Abdullah.<ref>Shanti Sadiq Ali,''"The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times"'' p. 104</ref>

His youngest daughter was married to the [[Circassians|Circassian]] Commander of the Ahmednagar army, Muqarrab Khan, who later became a general under the [[Shah Jahan|Mughal Emperor]] and received the title Rustam Khan Bahadur Firauz Jang.<ref>Edward J. Rapson,''"The Cambridge History of India, Volume 1"'' p. 189</ref><ref>John Cadgwan Powell Price,''"A History of India"'' p. 313</ref> He became famous for his involvement in several important military campaigns, such as the [[Mughal–Safavid War (1649–1653)|Kandahar Wars]] against [[Abbas II of Persia|Shah Abbas of Persia]]. He was killed by Prince [[Murad Baksh]] in the [[Battle of Samugarh]] during the Mughal War of succession in 1658.<ref>Muni Lal,''"Aurangzeb"'' p. 93</ref> Malik Ambar's tomb lies in [[Khuldabad]], near the shrine of the famous Sufi saint [[Zar Zari Zar Baksh|Zar Zari Baksh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2018-04-01|title=Imbrication and Implication|journal=Archives of Asian Art|volume=68|issue=1|pages=33–46|doi=10.1215/00666637-4342393|s2cid=194963690|issn=0066-6637}}</ref>

Genealogy of Malik Ambar:<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Chowdhuri|1933|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63378/page/n163/mode/1up 131]}}</ref>

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==Legacy==
There are conflicting perspectives on Ambar's long-term impact in Deccan, and its surrounding Indian states. Western historians have tried to project him as symbolic of Africa, even though his life had little to do with Africa.<ref>The African Presence in Asia, Northwestern University Press Evanston, 1971, pp. 91–99.</ref> Others agree more with historians like Richard Eaton. He cites Ambar's military prowess as the reason he rose to such influence during his life, but claims that a string of decisive defeats at the end of his career instigated distrust and resentment amongst those in his close administration. Eaton and his proponents claim Ambar's journey is an impressive story of success, and gave Africans representation in India for a short while, but also believe his lack of positive leadership in the final years of his tenure prevented him from solidifying his influence, as his successors quickly worked to reverse many of Ambar's policies.{{sfn|Eaton|2008|pp=104–130}} Regardless of his posthumous impact on the Deccan, and Indian states generally, it cannot be disputed Ambar was an avid supporter of education and a patron of the arts. Historians Joseph E. Harris and Chand cite Ambar's patronship of the arts and learning as a shining achievement of his tenure as Malik of Deccan.<ref>Harris, Joseph E. "Malik Ambar: African Regent-Minister in India." The African Presence in Asia, Northwestern University Press Evanston, 1971, pp. 91–99.</ref>

Malik Ambar cherished strong love and ability for architecture. Aurangabad was Ambar's architectural achievement and creation. Malik Ambar the founder of the city was always referred to by harsh names by Sultan [[Jahangir]]. In his memoirs, he never mentions his name without prefixing epithets like wretch, cursed fellow, Habshi, Ambar Siyari, black Ambar, and Ambar Badakhtur. Some historians believe that those words came out of frustration as Malik Ambar had resisted the powerful Mughals and kept them away from Deccan.<ref>Qureshi Dulari,''Tourism Potential in Aurangabad,'' p. 6</ref>

===Foundation of Aurangabad===
He founded/inhabited the city of Khirki in 1610.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Chowdhuri|1933|p=70}}</ref> After his death in 1626, the name was changed to Fatehpur by his son and heir Fateh Khan. When Aurangzeb, the Mughal Emperor invaded Deccan in the year 1653, he made Fatehpur his capital and renamed it as [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]. Two former imperial capitals – [[Paithan|Pratisthana]], the capital of [[Satavahanas]] (2nd BC to 3rd AD), and [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Devagiri]], the capital of Yadavas and [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], are located within the limits of [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]].

===Aurangabad canal system===
Malik Ambar is especially famous for the [[Neher water system]] of the city of Khadki (modern Aurangabad). Malik Ambar completed the ''Neher'' within fifteen months, spending a nominal sum of two and a half lakh ''Rupiyahs''. This city is situated on the banks of the Kham, a small perennial stream which rises in the neighbouring hills.<ref>{{cite book | last = Qureshi | first = Dulari | title =Tourism Potential in Aurangabad | isbn = 81-86050-44-2| year = 1999 | publisher = Bharatiya Kala Prakashan }}</ref>

Water was supplied to the city from the famous [[Panchakki]] water mill which drove the water down the canal from the Kham. The blades of the Panchakki used to rotate by the water falling on them from that stream and with the aid of a wooden valve turn the flow into that canal for the city.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|title=Aurangabad with Daulatabad, Khuldabad, and Ahmadnagar|year=2015 |publisher=Deccan Heritage Foundation|isbn=978-81-8495-702-0|location=Mumbai|oclc=907272072}}</ref>

The canal was an impressive engineering feat as it consisted of a {{convert|7|ft}} deep tunnel large enough for a man to walk through. The canal had 140 manholes and it worked efficiently without the need for any maintenance or cleaning for 321 years until it finally needed cleaning in 1931.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Salahuddin|first=Mirza|date=April 2012|title=Malik Ambar and His Canal |journal=Pakistan Historical Society.Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|volume=60|issue=2|pages=101–102 }}</ref>

==Janjira Fort==
Malik Ambar is credited with the construction of the [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira Fort]] in the Murud Area of present-day [[Maharashtra]] India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|chapter=The Fort of Janjira|title=African Rulers and Generals in India|publisher=University of North Carolina Ethiopian and East African Studies Project; Ahmedabad Sidi Heritage and Educational Center|year=2020|location=Greensboro, NC; Ahmedabad|pages=167–183|asin=B08J4JLQG6}}</ref> After its construction in 1567, the fort was key to the Sidis withstanding various invasion attempts by the Marathas, Mughals, and Portuguese to capture Janjira.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kainthla|first=Anita|date=Aug 2011|title=The Invincible Fort of Murud Janjira|journal=India Currents|volume=25|issue=5|pages=56–57 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Neher water system]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first1=Indrani|last1=Chatterjee|last2=Eaton|first2=Richard M.|title=Slavery and South Asian History|url=https://archive.org/details/slaverysouthasia0000unse|date=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253116710|author-link1=Indrani Chatterjee|author-link2=Richard M. Eaton}}
* {{cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761 : Eight Indian Lives|url=https://archive.org/details/socialhistoryofd0000eato|date=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521716277|oclc=226973152|section=Malik Ambar (1548–1626)|location=Bloomington}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chowdhuri |first=Jogindra Nath |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63378 |title=Malik Ambar: A Biography Based on Original Sources |publisher=The Author |year=1933 |location=Gandaria, Dhaka}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041110050459/http://www.cr.nps.gov/crdi/publications/Africanisms-Chapter1.pdf Mentioned on p. 9]
* [https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060813/spectrum/art.htm Malik Ambar: A remarkable life B.N. Goswamy]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/ The Tribune, Chandigarh, 13 August 2006, India Online edition]
* [http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africansindianocean/index2.php The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean World, Omar H. Ali, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019050614/http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africansindianocean/index2.php |date=19 October 2019 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:A}}
[[Category:1548 births]]
[[Category:1626 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
[[Category:People from Harari Region]]
[[Category:Indian slaves]]
[[Category:16th-century slaves]]
[[Category:17th-century slaves]]
[[Category:African expatriate military officers]]

Patang (2025 film)

2026-03-24T16:21:04Z

MochenKitche: New Entry

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Praneeth Prattipati}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Patang
| image = Patang (2025 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Praneeth Prattipati
| story =
| producer = {{plain list|
* Vijay Sekhar Anne
* Sampath Maka
* Suresh Reddy Kothinti
}}
| writer = Praneeth Prattipati
| screenplay =
| starring = {{plain list|
* Preethi Pagadala
* Vamsi Pujit
* Pranav Kaushik
}}
| music = Jose Jimmy
| cinematography = Shakthi Arvind
| editing = Chanakya Reddy Toorupu
| studio = {{plain list|
* Cinematic Elements
* Rishaan Cinemas
* Monsoon Tales Banner
* Suresh Productions
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|12|25}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Patang''''' ({{Translation|Kite}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Sports film|sports]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by Praneeth Prattipati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-12-23 |title=Praneeth Prattipati: I could have easily treated Patang like Baby |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2025/Dec/23/teluguinterviews2025dec23praneeth-prattipati-i-could-have-easily-treated-patang-like-baby |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Preethi Pagadala, Vamsi Pujit, and Pranav Kaushik.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/May/03/teaser-of-pranav-kaushik-starring-patang-out | title=Teaser of Pranav Kaushik-starring Patang out|website=cinemaexpress | date=3 May 2024}}</ref>

The film was released on 25 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-10-19 |title=Telugu sports comedy ‘Patang’ locks Christmas 2025 release |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/telugu-sports-comedy-patang-locks-christmas-2025-release-1016144 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Vishnu Krishna alias Whiskey and ‘Class’ Arun are childhood friends even though they come from contrasting backgrounds. Their friendship faces a test when Aishwarya enters their lives. She grows closer to Arun, while Whisky too develops feelings for her. Differences arise, leading the friends to devise a plan to decide who should be with Aishwarya. Whisky and Arun enter a kite-flying competition and the winner gets to be with Aishwarya.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Preethi Pagadala as Aishwarya
* Vamsi Pujit as Whisky
* Pranav Kaushik as Arun
* Gaurav Sunil as Pencil
* Rajeshwar Vemula as Shiva
* Vishal Silveru as Rambo
* Venkatesh as Basha
* Vishika as Lakshmi
* Pamu Vignani as Aditi, Arun's younger sister
* Kivish Kautilya as Kiwi
* Vadlamani Srinivas as Babai
* [[S. P. Charan]] as Shekar, Arun's father
* [[Anu Hasan]] as Shekar's wife
* [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] in a [[guest appearance]] as himself
* [[S. S. Kanchi]] in a guest appearance as a sponsor
* Vishnu Oi as Commentator
}}

== Music ==
The background score and songs were composed by Jose Jimmy. [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] acquired the audio rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title='Emosanal Drama' from Patang released by producer Suresh Babu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/28/emosanal-drama-from-patang-released-by-producer-suresh-babu |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hey Hello Namasthe
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 4:43
| lyrics1 = [[Sri Mani]]
| title2 = Andala Tarakasi
| extra2 = [[Jassie Gift]], [[M. M. Manasi]]
| length2 = 4:03
| lyrics2 = Sri Mani
| title3 = Hawa Hawa
| extra3 = Jose Jimmy
| title4 = Emosanal Drama
| length4 = 4:15
| lyrics4 = Sri Mani
| extra4 = [[Anthony Daasan]], Sahithi Chaganti
| title5 = Oh Ranga
| length5 = 4:14
| lyrics5 = Praneeth Prattipati
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| title6 = Tai Tai Tai
| length6 = 4:28
| lyrics6 = Sri Mani
| extra6 = [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]
| title7 = Manjha - Vibe Of Patang
| length7 = 1:53
| lyrics7 = {{ndash}}
| extra7 = Jose Jimmy
| title8 = Athara Buthara
| length8 = 1:24
| lyrics8 = Jose Jimmy
| extra8 = Taruni Potnuru
| title9 = Rama Rama
| length9 = 2:17
| lyrics9 = Jose Jimmy
| extra9 = Yashwanth Nag
| length3 = 3:30
| lyrics3 = Jose Jimmy
}}

==Release and reception==
''Patang'' was released on 25 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-20 |title=Patang finally gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/20/patang-finally-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/telugu-sports-comedy-patang-locks-christmas-2025-release-1016144# | title=Telugu sports comedy ‘Patang’ locks Christmas 2025 release |website=[[The Hans India]]|date=19 October 2025 }}</ref> The film was initially stated to be released in December 2024, but was delayed due to CGI works.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.m9.news/news-beat/the-wait-ends-patang-to-soar-this-christmas/ | title=The Wait Ends – Patang to Soar This Christmas! |website=telugutimes.com|date=20 October 2025 }}</ref>

Jeevi of [[Idlebrain.com]] rated the film 3/5 and wrote that, "''Patang'' is a refreshing watch, reminiscent of Sekhar Kammula’s early films, but presented with a more vibrant touch".<ref>https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/patang.html</ref> [[NTV (India)|NTV]] rated it 3 out 5 and noted the performances of lead actors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-12-26 |title=Patang Movie Review: పతంగ్ రివ్యూ.. బేబీ LITE ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/patang-movie-review-preethi-pagadala-pranav-kaushik-913836.html |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref> Shreya Varanasi of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and opined that "more focused screenplay and crisper editing would have made the film more effective and emotionally rewarding".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patang Movie Review: Dull storytelling sinks this tale of friendship & love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/patang/movie-review/126204698.cms |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Telugucinema.com]] also gave the same rating and stated, "While the stretched narrative and familiar narrative dilute the impact, the film still offers decent entertainment through its comedy".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-26 |title=Patang Review: Offers a few laughs |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/patang-review-offers-a-few-laughs |access-date=2026-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|32334452|Patang}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2025 sports drama films]]
[[Category:2020s sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy-drama films]]

Fairy Queen (locomotive)

2026-03-22T20:30:04Z

MochenKitche: made post

{{short description|1855-built steam locomotive in India}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = '''Fairy Queen'''
| image = The Queen in a somewhat dilapidated condition. Nevertheless, my tenth visit was of worth^^ - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta (cropped).jpg
| caption = The ''Fairy Queen'' in 2011, note the [[dual gauge]]
| powertype = Steam
| builder = [[Kitson and Company|Kitson, Thompson and Hewitson]]<ref name="recognition" />
| serialnumber = 481
| builddate = {{Date and age|1855}}
| whytetype = [[2-2-2]]WT
| uicclass = 1A1 n2t
| gauge = {{track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|72|in|0|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|26|t|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight = {{convert|2|t|abbr=on}}
| watercap = {{convert|3000|L|impgal USgal|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount = 2
| cylindersize = {{convert|12|x|22|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|130|hp|abbr=on}}
| operator = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| fleetnumbers = 22
| retiredate = 1909
| restoredate = 18 July 1997
| disposition = Operating from [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] to [[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]]
}}

The '''''Fairy Queen''''', also known as the '''East Indian Railway No. 22''', is a [[steam locomotive]] which was built in 1855. It was restored by Loco Works Perambur, Chennai in 1997, and housed at the [[Rewari Railway Heritage Museum]].

The train occasionally runs between [[New Delhi]] and [[Alwar]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 October 2017 |title='Steam Express' to run between Delhi cantonment-Rewari from tomorrow: All you need to know |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/indian-railways-commences-delhi-cantonment-rewari-tourist-train-from-tomorrow-steam-express-4889094/ |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> In 1998 it was listed in the ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]]'' as the world's oldest steam locomotive in regular service. The ''Fairy Queen'' runs on the same route as the ''[[Palace on Wheels]]'', the [[tourist train]] launched in 1982, and was awarded the National Tourism Award in 1999.

The locomotive was built by Kitson, Thompson & Hewitson of England and worked on passenger and freight services for more than 55 years.<ref name="loco">{{cite news |title=Independence Day 2022: Indian Railways to run world's oldest working steam train EIR-21 |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/independence-day-2022-indian-railways-to-run-worlds-oldest-working-steam-train-eir-21-3448210.html |website=Oneindia |access-date=18 February 2023 |date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

Unlike other luxury trains in India, the ''Fairy Queen'' has a total of only two coaches and a capacity to carry 50 passengers.<ref name="capacity">{{cite news |title=Five luxury trains that redefine happy journeys |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/five-luxury-trains-that-redefine-happy-journeys-1127504.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=17 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The locomotive was constructed by [[Kitson and Company|Kitson, Thompson and Hewitson]] at [[Leeds]], in [[England]], in 1855,<ref name="1855 built">{{cite news |title=Luxury on wheels: Royal trains of India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/luxury-on-wheels-royal-trains-of-india-101669969207692.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and reached [[Kolkata]], then known as ''Calcutta'', in the same year.<ref name="rao">{{cite book |last=Rao |first=Jammi Srinivasa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-78QewtubgoC&q=%22Fairy+Queen%22+%22locomotive%22&pg=PA32 |title=History of Rotating Machinery Dynamics |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media |year=2011 |isbn=978-94-007-1164-8 |location=Dordrecht |pages=32 |access-date=8 January 2013 |url-access=limited |via=Google Books}}</ref> On arrival, it was given fleet number "22" by its owner, the [[East Indian Railway Company]]; it was named in 1895.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sood |first1=Jyotika |title=162-year-old Fairy Queen train to grace railway tracks again |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/TBBlHIZ3NjttVkosonmrnL/162yearold-Fairy-Queen-train-to-grace-railway-tracks-again.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=10 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Initially, the {{track gauge|5ft6in}} gauge locomotive was used to haul light mail trains in [[West Bengal]], operating between [[Howrah]] and [[Raniganj]], and during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] hauled troop trains. Subsequently, the train was consigned to a line construction duty in the state of [[Bihar]], where it served until 1909.<ref name="replacing pitara">{{cite news |title=World's oldest steam engine will ferry people between Delhi and Rewari from February 11 - On track |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/worlds-oldest-steam-engine-fairy-queen-will-ferry-people-between-delhi-and-rewari-from-february-11/piece-of-history/slideshow/57094326.cms |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="government website">{{cite news |title=World's Oldest Working Steam Engine 'Fairy Queen' Ready to Haul Heritage Train Once Again |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158386 |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=pib.gov.in |publisher=Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Railways}}</ref>

The ''Fairy Queen'' spent the next 34 years on a pedestal outside [[Howrah station]].<ref name="Ahrons, Faerie Queen" >{{harvnb|Ahrons, ''British Steam Railway Locomotive''|page=142}}</ref> In 1943, the locomotive was moved to the Railway Zonal Training School at [[Chandausi]], in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where it served as a curiosity object for many of the students based there.

=== Other contemporary locomotives ===
A number of similar locomotives were built around the same time as the ''Fairy Queen''. These were supplied by [[Kitson and Company|Kitson, Thompson and Hewitson]] and also by [[Avonside Engine Company|Stothert, Slaughter and Company]] of [[Bristol]]. One of these, Stothert-built ''Express'', had been preserved at [[Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop]], in [[Bihar]], since 1901.<ref name="Ahrons, Express" >{{cite book|title=The British Steam Railway Locomotive|last=Ahrons|first=E.L. |author-link=E.L. Ahrons|volume=I, to 1925|publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]]|year=1966|ref={{harvid|Ahrons, ''British Steam Railway Locomotive''}}|pages=141–142}}</ref> As the inscription on ''Express''{{'}} pedestal claimed that it was the first locomotive to operate between [[Howrah]] and [[Raniganj]], and it was numbered "21" by the [[East Indian Railway Company]], it has been claimed that ''Express'' is the older of the two. ''Express'' was restored by Loco Works Perambur for running in 2011, making it a contender as the world's oldest operating steam locomotive.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Verma |first=M. Dinesh |date=16 August 2011 |title=At the age of 156, she is no mere showpiece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/at-the-age-of-156-she-is-no-mere-showpiece/article61582148.ece |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Special run for oldest locomotive|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 August 2011|location=Chennai|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/chennai/29892008_1_steam-engine-chennai-egmore-jamalpur-loco-works|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707062454/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/chennai/29892008_1_steam-engine-chennai-egmore-jamalpur-loco-works|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref> Express EIR 21 is currently running in different divisions of Southern Railway on weekends.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=M. Dinesh |date=2018-07-25 |title=Time travel to the steam engine era |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/time-travel-to-the-steam-engine-era/article61582153.ece |access-date=2021-07-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Specifications==
The ''Fairy Queen'' was built by [[Kitson and Company|Kitson, Thompson and Hewitson]] at [[Leeds]] in [[England]] in 1855.<ref name="rao"/> The coal-fired engine is powered by two outside [[cylinder (engine)|cylinders]] measuring {{convert|12|x|22|in|mm|0}}, and has a power output of {{convert|130|hp}}, producing a maximum speed of {{convert|40|km/h|mph}}. It carries {{convert|3000|L|impgal USgal}} of water in an underslung water tank. The locomotive weighs {{convert|26|t|1}}, and the [[Tender (rail)|coal tender]] {{convert|2|t|2}}.<ref name="indian railways">{{cite web|title=The Fairy Queen |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,320,378,1062 |publisher=Indian Railways |access-date=8 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115175935/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C2%2C320%2C378%2C1062 |archive-date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> Built for the {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]], it has a [[2-2-2]] [[wheel arrangement]], developed by [[Robert Stephenson and Company]] in 1833, with a [[driving wheel]] measuring {{convert|1829|mm|in}} in diameter.<ref name="indian railways"/><ref>{{cite web |date=November 2003 |title=Records of Robert Stephenson and Company, Locomotive Manufacturers, Newcastle upon Tyne |url=http://www.nrm.org.uk/~/media/Files/NRM/PDF/archiveslists2012/businesses/Intro%20to%20RS%20co%20archive%20%20drawing%20lists.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330224924/http://www.nrm.org.uk/~/media/Files/NRM/PDF/archiveslists2012/businesses/Intro%20to%20RS%20co%20archive%20%20drawing%20lists.pdf |archive-date=30 March 2015 |access-date=23 February 2013 |publisher=National Railway Museum}}</ref>

==Restoration==
[[File:Fairy Queen Engine.jpg|thumb|''Fairy Queen'' after restoration, [[Delhi Cantonment railway station|Delhi Cantonment station]], 2017]]
[[File:Rewari Railway Heritage Museum.JPG|thumb|[[Rewari Railway Heritage Museum]] (formerly ''Rewari Steam Locomotive Shed'') is the home of the ''Fairy Queen'']]
The Indian government bestowed heritage status on the ''Fairy Queen'' in 1972, rendering it a [[national treasure]]. It was restored and given a special spot in the newly built [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi|National Rail Museum]] at [[Chanakyapuri]], in [[New Delhi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid tussle between NRM & IRCTC, railways' souvenir shop at New Delhi station in trouble |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amid-tussle-between-nrm-irctc-railways-souvenir-shop-at-new-delhi-station-in-trouble-6160625/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> which offers a comprehensive history of the Indian railway's defunct and operational models, their signalling apparatus, antique furnitures used, historic photographs, relevant literature, etc.<ref name="museum">{{cite news |title=How well do you know India? This Independence Day weekend, here are 10 museums to test your GK |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-well-do-you-know-india-this-i-day-weekend-here-are-10-museums-to-test-your-gk/articleshow/93345753.cms |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=5 August 2022}}</ref>

Following the success of the ''[[Palace on Wheels]]'', the locomotive was restored to full working order in 1997, in preparation for its first mainline journey in 88 years and its return to commercial service on 18 July.<ref name="replacing pitara" /> The two-day excursion saw the train plying the {{convert|143|km|mi}} from New Delhi to [[Alwar]] in [[Rajasthan]], with passengers spending an overnight stay at the [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]]. The locomotive hauled a carriage capable of carrying 60 passengers at a maximum speed of {{convert|40|km/h|mph}}, with a service car holding a generator, compressor and pantry.<ref name="indian railways"/> The operation was repeated between December and February in the following years.<ref name="travpr">{{cite web |date=21 December 2012 |title=Fairy Queen All Set to Embark on Her Maiden Voyage |url=http://www.travpr.com/pr-20488-fairy-queen-all-set-to-embark.html |access-date=8 January 2013 |publisher=TravPR}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=de Bruyn |first1=Pippa |url= |title=Frommer's India |last2=Bain |first2=Keith |last3=Allardice |first3=David |last4=Joshi |first4=Shonar |publisher=Wiley Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-470-55610-8 |edition=Fourth |location=Hoboken |pages=60 |access-date= |url-access=}}</ref> It was certified by the ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]]'' in 1998 as the world's oldest [[steam locomotive]] in regular operation.<ref name="shankar">{{cite web|title=National Rail Museum|url=https://www.angelfire.com/ak5/nrmindia/fairyqn.htm|publisher=S Shankar|access-date=9 January 2013}}</ref> The following year, the train received a National Tourism Award for the most innovative and unique tourism project from [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], the then [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref name="indian railways"/>

In 2011, it was discovered that rare locomotive parts that were "as good as irreplaceable" had been stolen, and the locomotive was moved to [[Integral Coach Factory|Perambur Loco Workshop]] at [[Chennai]], in [[Tamil Nadu]], for repair.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dastidar |first=Avishek G |date=23 December 2011 |title=Fairy Queen Loot: No FIR, Only a Cover-up Plan |newspaper=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/fairy-queen-loot-no-fir-only-a-coverup-plan/ |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> On arrival, it was found that an estimated 50 to 60 parts had been looted, including "the boiler, condensor, lubricator and flow tubes". The Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer at the workshops stated "What we received is a dead body, a piece of metal whose every removable part has been removed, leaving only the metal shell. The list of parts to be procured is huge." Officials estimated that it could take at least a year to restore the engine, even if suppliers of replacement parts could be found.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dastidar |first=Avishek G |date=23 January 2012 |title=Fairy Queen Is in Need of a Magic Wand |newspaper=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/fairy-queen-is-in-need-of-a-magic-wand/ |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> Following a substantial rebuild, in which the workshops had to construct the missing parts themselves, the locomotive returned to service on 22 December 2012.<ref name="travpr"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Steam Express: Fairy Queen|url=http://www.indianluxurytrains.com/heritage-trains/steam-express|publisher=Indian Luxury Trains|access-date=8 January 2013|archive-date=1 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101213009/http://www.indianluxurytrains.com/heritage-trains/steam-express|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Chandra |first=Nikhil |title=Indian Luxury Trains Adds 'Fairy Queen' to its Portfolio |url=http://www.indianluxurytrains.com/news/steam-express-fairy-queen-train-23539.html |publisher=Indian Luxury Trains |date=21 December 2012 |access-date=8 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101213354/http://www.indianluxurytrains.com/news/steam-express-fairy-queen-train-23539.html |archive-date= 1 January 2013 }}{{dubious|date=November 2013}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
In 1998, the train was certified by the Guinness Book of Records as the world's oldest steam locomotive which was currently in regular operation.<ref name="recognition">{{cite news |title=Goodbye Fairy Queen: All about world's oldest steam locomotive to be replaced by Vande Bharat train at the Rail Bhavan |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/goodbye-fairy-queen-all-about-world-s-oldest-steam-locomotive-to-be-replaced-by-vande-bharat-train-at-the-rail-bhavan/830203 |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="replacing pitara" />

In 1999, it received a National Tourism Award for the most innovative and unique tourism project from the then prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee.<ref name="recognition" />

== In fiction ==
*The locomotive served as the basis for Rajiv from [[Thomas & Friends|Thomas and Friends]].
*The locomotive appears in the game Roller Coaster Tycoon 3's Wild Expansion Pack.

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Luxury rail in India]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.royalindiantrains.com/fairy-queen.html ''Fairy Queen'' website]
*[http://www.rangan-datta.info/Jewels%20of%20time.htm Rangan Datta: Jewels of Time: Delhi National Rail Museum]
*[http://www.leedsengine.info/leeds/histk.asp A M Johnson and K Ward: A Brief History of Kitson and Company]
*{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/time-travel-to-the-steam-engine-era/article24508707.ece|title=Time travel to the steam engine era|last=Varma|first=M. Dinesh|date=2018-07-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-27|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
{{Indian Luxury Trains}}
{{Indian Railways}}

[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1855]]
[[Category:Individual locomotives of India]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of India]]
[[Category:Preserved steam locomotives of India]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]
[[Category:Luxury trains in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Delhi]]
[[Category:Tourism in Haryana]]
[[Category:Tourism in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:2-2-2WT locomotives]]

Jalandhar district

2026-03-05T10:59:13Z

MochenKitche: Updated formatting and sections

{{Short description|District in Punjab, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jalandhar district
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| image_skyline = Srai Nurmahal Jalandhar,Punjab,India 13.jpg
| image_caption = [[Serai Nurmahal]]
| image_map = Jalandhar in Punjab (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Punjab
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Doaba]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for = Area inside the water
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Jalandhar]]
| leader_title1 = Administrator of [[District]]
| leader_name1 = Sh. Himanshu Aggarwal, IAS
| leader_title2 = Deputy commissioner
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 2,632
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{cref|‡}}
| population_total = 2193590
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 91.4%
| website = {{URL|http://jalandhar.nic.in}}
}}
'''Jalandhar district''' is a district in [[Doaba]] region of the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. The district headquarters is the city of [[Jalandhar]].

Before the [[Partition of India]], Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the '''Jalandhar Division''', with constituent districts Jalandhar, [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Ferozepur district|Ferozepur]] and [[Kangra district|Kangra]]. The entire Jalandhar Division was [[Radcliffe Line|awarded to India]] when Punjab was partitioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jalandhar.nic.in/jddh.aspx|title=Jalandhar Division|work=Jalandhar District Portal|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref>

==History==
===Classical===
[[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]]s established ancient city of Jalandhar in the 7th century, which is presently known as Jalandhar district. The City consistently had to deter invasion, which were endeavours of invaders.

Jalandhar was the site of the [[Katoch]] [[Rajput]] kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] in the seventh century, and [[Kalhana]] records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.<ref name="auto1">Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908</ref>

===Medieval===
Jalandhar became part of the [[Persianate]] [[Ghaznavid Empire]] during the reign of [[Ibrahim of Ghazna|Ibrahim Shah]] sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref name="auto1"/> In 1298, an army led by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Zafar Khan (Indian general)|Zafar Khan]] defeated in battle, and forced the retreat of invading [[Mongols]] of the [[Chagatai Khanate]].<ref name="auto1"/>

The sack and plunder of Delhi by [[Timur]] in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against [[Khizr Khan]], before being defeated.<ref name="auto1"/> In the following years [[Jasrath Khokhar]] led a series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of [[Bahlol Lodi]] who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi.<ref name="auto1"/>

===Early modern===
====Mughal====
When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to [[Daulat Khan Lodi]] at whose instigation he had come.<ref name="auto1"/> The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son [[Humayun]] was expelled by [[Sher Shah Suri]] and Jalandhar became part of the [[Sur Empire]]. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general [[Bairam Khan]] and later [[Akbar]]. While Akbar had moved east to fight [[Hemu]], [[Sikandar Shah Suri|Sikandar Suri]] defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district.<ref name="auto1"/> On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established.

With the regaining of [[Humayun]], Muslim tribes such as [[Baloch people|Baloch]], Syed and [[Arain]] who were settled in [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan]] migrated to the Jalandhar Doaba region.

During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]] was founded by [[Guru Arjan]] on land granted by Akbar.<ref>Harish Dhillon, Janamsakhis, Ageless Stories, Timeless Values, Hay House, 2015</ref> The reigns of [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]] saw significant improvements to the region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded.<ref name="auto1"/> The town of [[Phillaur]] dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, while the town of [[Nurmahal]] was re-established by Jahangir's consort [[Nur Jahan]], who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of [[Muhammad Shah]], evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.<ref name="auto1"/>

====Durrani====
[[Nader Shah's invasion of India]], culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1756, [[Adina Beg]], [[Arain]] settled in Jalandhar, assisted militarily by [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]], defeated Sarbuland Khan, the Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the [[Marathas|Mahrattas]], at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province.<ref name="auto1"/> Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas.<ref name="auto1"/>

====Sikh====
The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many [[sardar]]s dating the acquisition of their estates from 1759.<ref name="auto1"/> The [[Dallewalia Misl]], one of twelve [[Misl|Sikh Misl]]s that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the [[Singhpuria Misl|Faizullapuria Misl]] of [[Khushal Singh Singhpuria|Khushal Singh]] captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district.<ref name="auto2">Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85</ref>

In 1811, [[Ranjit Singh]] despatched [[Dewan Mokham Chand]] to annexe Faizullapuria dominions in [[Jalandhar]]. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref name="auto2"/> The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.<ref name="auto2"/>

===Modern===
====British====
During both the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] no significant battle took place in Jalandhar.<ref name="auto1"/> Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the [[East India Company]] becoming part of the Trans Sutlej States.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Abhijit |url=https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/bardhan/e271_sp03/2_18.pdf |title=History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) |last2=Iyer |first2=Lakshmi |date=January 2003 |publisher=Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development |pages=39 |chapter=Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British}}</ref>

When the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi.<ref name="auto1"/> Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the [[8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot|8th Foot]] who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala]], [[John Nicholson (East India Company officer)|John Nicholson]]'s moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan.<ref>Cannon, Cannon & Cunningham (1883), pp. 103</ref>

In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the [[British Raj]] and in 1863 became administratively part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]].<ref name="auto1"/>

The first case of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] in the Punjab was reported in the village of [[Khatkar Kalan]] in 1897.<ref>James, C. H., Report on the outbreak of plague in the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur districts of the Punjab, 1897-98, 1898</ref>

====Partition====
In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.<ref name="auto3">J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998</ref> In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Sikh leaders at Lahore.<ref name="auto3"/> In June 1947, the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the [[Radcliffe Line]] was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990">{{cite book|author1=Pervaiz I Cheema|author2=Manuel Riemer|title=Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=22 August 1990|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-20942-2|pages=27–|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140644/https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|archive-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census)<ref name="Census1941"/> it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.<ref name="CheemaRiemer1990" />

==Administration==
The district is divided into five [[tehsil]]s:

*Jalandhar-I, Jalandhar-II, [[Nakodar]], [[Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot, India|Shahkot]]

In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jal_adm.aspx|title=Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab|website=commissionerjalandhar.gov.in|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709080139/http://commissionerjalandhar.gov.in/jal_adm.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*[[Adampur]], [[Bhogpur]], [[Goraya]], [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]], and [[Nurmahal]]

==Constituencies==
[[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency]] is one of the 13 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in Punjab.

There are also nine [[Punjab Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in the district:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jalandhar.nic.in/constituencies/|title=Constituencies &#124; Jalandhar Web Portal &#124; India}}</ref>

*[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]], [[Jalandhar Cantt Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Cantt]], [[Jalandhar Central Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar Central]], [[Jalandhar North Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar North]], [[Jalandhar West Assembly Constituency|Jalandhar West]], [[Kartarpur Assembly Constituency|Kartarpur]], [[Nakodar Assembly Constituency|Nakodar]], [[Phillaur Assembly Constituency|Phillaur]], and [[Shahkot Assembly Constituency|Shahkot]]

===MLA===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of MLA
! colspan="2" | Party
!Bench
|-
!30
|[[Phillaur Assembly constituency|Phillaur]] (SC)
| [[Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!31
|[[Nakodar Assembly constituency|Nakodar]]
| [[Inderjit Kaur Mann]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!32
|[[Shahkot Assembly constituency|Shahkot]]
|[[Hardev Singh Laddi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!33
| [[Kartarpur Assembly constituency|Kartarpur]] (SC)
| [[Balkar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!34
|[[Jalandhar West Assembly constituency|Jalandhar West]] (SC)
| [[Mohinder Bhagat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!35
|[[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Central]]
| [[Raman Arora]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!36
|[[Jalandhar North Assembly constituency|Jalandhar North]]
| [[Avtar Singh Junior]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!37
|[[Jalandhar Cantonment Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Cantonment]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|-
!38
|[[Adampur, Punjab Assembly constituency|Adampur]] (SC)
|[[Sukhwinder Singh Kotli]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Opposition
|}

==Villages==
{{main|Category:Villages in Jalandhar district}}


{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Abadan, Jalandhar]]
*[[Achan Chak]]
*[[Adagil]]
*[[Addhi Khuyi]]
*[[Ade Kali]]
*[[Adhi, Jalandhar]]
*[[Adraman]]
*[[Aemakazi]]
*[[Aidalpur]]
*[[Ajtani]]
*[[Akalpur]]
*[[Akbarpur Kalan]]
*[[Akbarpur Khurd]]
*[[Akhara, Bhogpur]]
*[[Akuwal]]
*[[Aladinpur]]
*[[Alamgir, Bhogpur]]
*[[Alampur, Jalandhar]]
*[[Alewali]]
*[[Ali Chak]]
*[[Ali Khel, Jalandhar]]
*[[Alipur-1]]
*[[Alipur-2]]
*[[Aliwal, Jalandhar]]
*[[Allowal]]
*[[Ambgarh]]
*[[Ambia Tohva]]
*[[Angi Kiri]]
*[[Anihar]]
*[[Apra, Punjab]]
*[[Arjanwal]]
*[[Ashahoor]]
*[[Ashaur]]
*[[Athola]]
*[[Atta, Jalandhar]]
*[[Atti, Jalandhar]]
*[[Aujla]]
*[[Aujla Dhak]]
*[[Aulakh, Nakodar]]
*[[Awan Chaharmi]]
*[[Awan Khalsa]]
*[[Baloki]]
*[[Chachowal]]
*[[Chananpur]]
*[[Chandpur, Punjab|Chandpur]]<ref name=census30354>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30354-chandpur-punjab.html |title=Village population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
*[[Chuhan]]
*[[Chukhiara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30261-chukhiara-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
*[[Damudarpur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30261-damudarpur-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
*[[Dhandaur]]
*[[Dhandauri]]
*[[Dhandwar]]
*[[Dhepur]]
*[[Diwali (village)|Diwali]]
*[[Ghurial]]
*[[Goalpind]]
*[[Hardo Pharala]]
*[[Hazara, Punjab|Hazara]]
*[[Isharwal, Jalandhar|Isharwal]]
*[[Jago Sangha]]<ref name=census32263>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=32263|title=Village Population per Census India|work=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
*[[Jalbhe]]
*[[Kandola, Punjab|Kandola]]
*[[Kandola Khurd]]
*[[Kapur Pind]]
*[[Kathar, Punjab|Kathar]]
*[[Khojpur, Punjab|Khojpur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30219-khojpur-punjab.html|title=Village Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
*[[Kot Kalan]]
*[[Kotli Jamiat Singh]]
*[[Kotli Sheikhan]]
*[[Lesariwala]]
*[[Mander, Punjab|Mander]]
*[[Mianwal Araian]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/29806-mianwal-araian-punjab.html | title=Mianwal Araian Village Population - Shahkot - Jalandhar, Punjab }}</ref>
*[[Nagra, Jalandhar|Nagra]]
*[[Nawan Qila]]
*[[Partappura]]
*[[Sagarpur, Punjab|Sagarpur]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sagarpur Village Population - Phillaur - Jalandhar, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30093-sagarpur-punjab.html |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
*[[Salaich]]
*[[Sanoura]]
*[[Sarnana]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarnana Population - Jalandhar, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30264-sarnana-punjab.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref>
*[[Satowali]]
*[[Chhatowali|Sattowali]]
*[[Sitalpur, Jalandhar|Sitalpur]]
*[[Sundar Tatar]]<ref name=census30232>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/30232-sundar-tatar-punjab.html|title=Sundar Tatar Population per Census 2011|work=census2011.co.in}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=721579|13=1911|14=630769|15=1921|16=647086|17=1931|18=742659|19=1941|20=887080|21=1951|22=829858|23=1961|24=981801|25=1971|26=1175196|27=1981|28=1406587|29=1991|30=1649937|31=2001|32=1962761|33=2011|34=2193590|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901}}</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jalandhar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 21,93,590<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Jalandhar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/998/download/3006/DH_2011_0303_PART_A_DCHB_JALANDHAR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Latvia 2,204,708, July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 831 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jalandhar has a [[sex ratio]] of 913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Gender===
The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sex ratio of Jalandhar district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-decadal-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
!Census year!!Ratio
|-
|2011||915
|-
|2001||887
|-
|1991||897
|-
|1981||890
|-
|1971||883
|-
|1961||867
|-
|1951||857
|-
|1941||859
|-
|1931||841
|-
|1921||807
|-
|1911||783
|-
|1901||848
|}

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Jalandhar district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-rural-and-urban-child-population-0-6-years-and-their-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
!Year!!Urban!!Rural
|-
|2011||865||885
|-
|2001||793||817
|}

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
| title = Religion in Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="religion" />
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|63.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|32.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Punjab, India|Islam]]|green|1.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christianity]]|blue|1.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|0.52}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.22}}
|float=right}}

Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Hindus and Sikhs are in roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant.<ref name="religion" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Jalandhar District
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 1,394,329
| {{Percentage | 1394329 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 718,363
| {{Percentage | 718363 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 30,233
| {{Percentage | 30233 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 26,016
| {{Percentage | 26016 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 24,649
| {{Percentage | 24649 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|-
!Total Population
!2,193,590
!{{Percentage | 2193590 | 2193590 | 2 }}
|}

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district.

{|class="wikitable sort"
|+Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Jalandhar district<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-population-religion-punjab | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
!Religion!!Urban (2011)!!Rural (2011)!!Urban (2001)!!Rural (2001)!!Urban (1991)!!Rural (1991)
|-
|Hindu||8,63,936||5,30,393||6,72,889||4,85,979||4,60,102||5,09,318
|-
|Sikh||2,52,274||4,66,089||2,30,709||5,10,132||1,42,700||6,00,666
|-
|Muslim||14,363||12,408 ||9,835||9,092||4,452||4,048
|-
|Christian||17,825||11,653||8,216 ||12,271||1,381||7,231
|-
|Other religions||14,363||11,876 ||9,835||13,243||4,452||720
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Religion in tehsils of Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="religion" />
!Tehsil
!Hinduism (%)
!Sikhism (%)
!Islam (%)
!Christianity (%)
!Others (%)
|-
|Shahkot
| align="right" |31.84
| align="right" style="background:darkkhaki" |66.51
| align="right" |0.52
| align="right" |0.84
|0.29
|-
|Nakodar
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |52.71
| align="right" |44.07
| align="right" |1.27
| align="right" |1.10
|0.85
|-
|Phillaur
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |61.86
| align="right" |34.17
| align="right" |1.39
| align="right" |0.43
|2.15
|-
|Jalandhar - I
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |72.66
| align="right" |23.34
| align="right" |1.50
| align="right" |1.36
|1.14
|-
|Jalandhar - II
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |55.91
| align="right" |40.48
| align="right" |1.43
| align="right" |1.74
|0.44
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Jalandhar District ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881A">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 358,601
| {{Percentage | 358601 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 413,469
| {{Percentage | 413469 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 421,011
| {{Percentage | 421011 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 357,051
| {{Percentage | 357051 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 366,586
| {{Percentage | 366586 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 419,556
| {{Percentage | 419556 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 509,804
| {{Percentage | 509804 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 338,292
| {{Percentage | 338292 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 380,916
| {{Percentage | 380916 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 368,051
| {{Percentage | 368051 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 265,378
| {{Percentage | 265378 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 244,995
| {{Percentage | 244995 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 268,822
| {{Percentage | 268822 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 311,010
| {{Percentage | 311010 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 90,320
| {{Percentage | 90320 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 110,790
| {{Percentage | 110790 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 125,817
| {{Percentage | 125817 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 176,227
| {{Percentage | 176227 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 206,130
| {{Percentage | 206130 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 249,571
| {{Percentage | 249571 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 298,741
| {{Percentage | 298741 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 1,631
| {{Percentage | 1631 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 1,645
| {{Percentage | 1645 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 1,713
| {{Percentage | 1713 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 2,404
| {{Percentage | 2404 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 4,088
| {{Percentage | 4088 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 4,323
| {{Percentage | 4323 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 6,233
| {{Percentage | 6233 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 690
| {{Percentage | 690 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 760
| {{Percentage | 760 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 969
| {{Percentage | 969 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 842
| {{Percentage | 842 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 736
| {{Percentage | 736 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 1,379
| {{Percentage | 1379 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 789555 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907583 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 917587 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 801920 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 822544 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943721 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 789,555
! {{Percentage | 789555 | 789555 | 2 }}
! 907,583
! {{Percentage | 907583 | 907583 | 2 }}
! 917,587
! {{Percentage | 917587 | 917587 | 2 }}
! 801,920
! {{Percentage | 801920 | 801920 | 2 }}
! 822,544
! {{Percentage | 822544 | 822544 | 2 }}
! 943,721
! {{Percentage | 943721 | 943721 | 2 }}
! 1,127,190
! {{Percentage | 1127190 | 1127190 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Jalandhar District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersC|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Jalandhar Tehsil
| 77,101
| {{Percentage | 77101 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 142,435
| {{Percentage | 142435 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 66,119
| {{Percentage | 66119 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 3,255
| {{Percentage | 3255 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 477
| {{Percentage | 477 | 289396 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 289396 | 2 }}
! 289,396
! {{Percentage | 289396 | 289396 | 2 }}
|-
! Nawanshahr Tehsil
| 72,500
| {{Percentage | 72500 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 56,258
| {{Percentage | 56258 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 48,620
| {{Percentage | 48620 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 112
| {{Percentage | 112 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 202
| {{Percentage | 202 | 177692 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 177692 | 2 }}
! 177,692
! {{Percentage | 177692 | 177692 | 2 }}
|-
! Phillaur Tehsil
| 58,401
| {{Percentage | 58401 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 55,408
| {{Percentage | 55408 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 50,787
| {{Percentage | 50787 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 201
| {{Percentage | 201 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 164806 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 164806 | 2 }}
! 164,806
! {{Percentage | 164806 | 164806 | 2 }}
|-
! Nakodar Tehsil
| 36,993
| {{Percentage | 36993 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 112,485
| {{Percentage | 112485 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 40,604
| {{Percentage | 40604 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 520
| {{Percentage | 520 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 48
| {{Percentage | 48 | 190650 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 190650 | 2 }}
! 190,650
! {{Percentage | 190650 | 190650 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Jalandhar District (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Jalandhar Tehsil
| 123,718
| {{Percentage | 123718 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 226,623
| {{Percentage | 226623 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 86,996
| {{Percentage | 86996 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 4,656
| {{Percentage | 4656 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 768
| {{Percentage | 768 | 443010 | 2 }}
| 249
| {{Percentage | 249 | 443010 | 2 }}
! 443,010
! {{Percentage | 443010 | 443010 | 2 }}
|-
! Nawanshahr Tehsil
| 81,019
| {{Percentage | 81019 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 74,449
| {{Percentage | 74449 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 79,972
| {{Percentage | 79972 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 92
| {{Percentage | 92 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 496
| {{Percentage | 496 | 236028 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 236028 | 2 }}
! 236,028
! {{Percentage | 236028 | 236028 | 2 }}
|-
! Phillaur Tehsil
| 66,507
| {{Percentage | 66507 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 72,814
| {{Percentage | 72814 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 79,736
| {{Percentage | 79736 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 294
| {{Percentage | 294 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 219369 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 219369 | 2 }}
! 219,369
! {{Percentage | 219369 | 219369 | 2 }}
|-
! Nakodar Tehsil
| 39,766
| {{Percentage | 39766 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 135,918
| {{Percentage | 135918 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 52,037
| {{Percentage | 52037 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 929
| {{Percentage | 929 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 124
| {{Percentage | 124 | 228783 | 2 }}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 228783 | 2 }}
! 228,783
! {{Percentage | 228783 | 228783 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption=Languages of Jalandhar district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value1 = 88.15 |color1 = pink
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 9.83 |color2 = Orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 2.02 |color3 = Grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and 9.83% [[Hindi]] as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10219/download/13331/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Health==
The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+ District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Jalandhar, year 2020
<ref name="niti.gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jalandhar-Punjab.pdf|title=District Nutrition Profile - Jalandhar, Punjab|date=March 2022|publisher=Poshan|website=www.niti.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611214248/https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jalandhar-Punjab.pdf|archive-date=11 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Indicators!!Number of children (<5 years)!! Percent (2020)!! Percent (2016)
|-
|Stunted||38,536||25%||29%
|-
|Wasted||15,967||10%||17%
|-
|Severely wasted||6,834||4%||6%
|-
|Underweight||25,877||17%||25%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||2,827||2%||1%
|-
|Anemia||96,595||69%||60%
|-
|Total children||155,323||||
|}

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+District nutritional profile of Jalandhar of women of 15–49 years, in 2020<ref name="niti.gov.in"/>
!Indicators!!Number of women (15–49 years)!! Percent (2020)!!Percent (2016)
|-
|Underweight (BMI <18.5&nbsp;kg/m^2)||85,534||12%||7%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||347,827||48%||27%
|-
|Hypertension||234,262||33%||12%
|-
|Diabetes||128,120||18%||NA
|-
|Anemia (non-preg)||412,752||57%||54%
|-
|Anemia (preg)||NA||NA||49%
|-
|Total women (preg)||35,199||||
|-
|Total women||720,586||||
|}

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+Road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year<ref>{{cite web | url =https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/road-accidents-punjab | title = Road Accidents in Punjab | website = punjab.data.gov.in | date = 21 January 2022 | access-date = 1 October 2024 }}</ref>
!Year!!Accidents!!Killed!!Injured!!Vehicles Involved
|-
|2022||273||197||127||456
|-
|2021||354||306||127||415
|-
|2020||317||223||155||381
|-
|2019||380||322||163||463
|}

==Economy==
Jalandhar has a major [[sports items]] manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jalandhar/business/industries.html|title=Jalandhar Industries}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Hoon Balakram]], a [[mathematician]], civil servant and Bombay High Court judge
*[[Prakash Chandra Sood]], a [[nuclear physicist]] and professor and receiver of [[Padam Shri]]
*[[Harminder Dua]], an [[Indian-British]] medical doctor and prominent researcher in the field of [[ophthalmology]], known for discovery of a previously unknown layer of the human cornea now called [[Dua's layer]]
*[[Guru Prakash Dutta]], a [[cell biologist]] and [[immunologist]], known for his contributions to [[experimental protozoology]] and immunology
*[[Satya Paul Agarwal]], an [[neurosurgeon]], academician, public health administrator, secretary general of the [[Indian Red Cross Society]] and recipient of [[Padam Bhushan]] award
*[[Satinder Singh]], a 400-meter [[hurdling|hurdle]] athlete
*[[Fauja Singh]], a British [[marathon]] runner
*[[Davinder Singh Kang]], a [[javelin throw]] athlete
*[[Diljit Dosanjh]], a singer and actor
*[[Achal Kumar Jyoti]], a retired [[IAS officer]] who served as 21st [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] from 6 July 2017 to 23 January 2018
*[[Dilbagh Singh]], the head of the Indian Air Force from 1981 to 1984, as [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]
*[[Malkiat Singh (IPS)]] - Former DGP and Chairman UPPSC
*[[Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota]] - Former DGP Punjab Police
*[[Sukhjeet Singh]] - Indian [[field hockey]] player
*[[Harbhajan Singh]] - Indian [[Cricket]] Player

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}
*[https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/ List of Deputy Commissioner | Jalandhar Web Portal | India]

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://jalandhar.nic.in|Jalandhar District official website}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Jalandhar district
| North = [[Hoshiarpur district]]
| Northeast = [[Kapurthala district]] (Eastern)
| East = [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]]
| Southeast =
| South = [[Ludhiana district]]
| Southwest = [[Moga district]]
| West = [[Firozpur district]]
| Northwest = [[Kapurthala district]] (Western)
}}

{{Jalandhar district}}
{{Punjab (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalandhar District}}
[[Category:Jalandhar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India]]

Pathini Deivam

2026-03-04T04:59:18Z

MochenKitche: New New Pg

{{More plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pathini Deivam poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao|Ch. Narayanamurthi]]
| screenplay = K. M. Govindarajan
| producer = W. S. V. Naidu
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]]
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = VRV Productions
| released = {{Film date|1957}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Pathini Deivam''''' is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[Chitrapu Narayana Rao|Ch. Narayanamurthi]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1957-ல் வெளியான படப்பட்டியல் - தயாரிப்பாளர்கள் |trans-title=List of films released in 1957 – Producers |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200118131705/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957.asp |archive-date=18 January 2020 |access-date=4 January 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=25 August 1957 |title=பத்தினித் தெய்வம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-08-25/page/48/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240923080102/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-08-25/page/48/mode/2up |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-09-23 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=49 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Kulasekaran, King of Kurinjinadu, visits his friend Mahendran who is the King of Marudanadu. Mahendran, his wife Sivagami and son Manisekaran welcome Kulasekaran and ask him to stay with them for a while. Sivagami treats Kulasekaran like her brother and treats him well. But Mahendran suspects that there is a secret relationship between Kulasekaran and Sivagami. Mahendran calls his minister Madhiyugi and orders him to kill Sivagami. However, Madhiyugi tells the truth to Kulasekaran and takes him back to his Kurinjinadu. Again Mahendran suspects that Sivagami has helped Kulasekaran to escape to his country. Though she is pregnant, Mahendran sends Sivagami to prison. He orders that she should remain there till the child's birth and then be decapitated. Sivagami gives birth to a female child. As per the king's order, the soldiers take Sivagami and child to the jungle to kill them. But instead of killing, they place the child in a box with some ornaments and set sail the box in a river. They leave Sivagami in the jungle and return to the kingdom. A hunter finds Sivagami and takes her to his hut. The hunter's wife Singi suspects her husband and complains to the tribe's chief. The chief orders that Sivagami be taken to a hill top and thrown over. Meanwhile, Mahendran's son Manisekaran dies, unable to bear the loss of his mother. Mahendran realises his folly. He orders that statues of him and his wife be placed in several places and issues an order that people should beat his statue and worship his wife's statue. The child that was floating on the river was found by a person who named her as Ponni and brings her up as a young woman.
Kulasekaran's son Rajendran happens to meet Ponni and falls in love with her. In the meantime, Marthandan, the son of Mahendran's minister tries to capture the kingdom and engages himself in various plots. Whether he succeeds, what was the fate of Sivagami, whether the lovers got married, forms the rest of the story.
<ref name="songbook" />

== Cast ==
The following list was compiled from the film's song book.<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |title=Pathini Deivam |publisher=Srimagal Press |location=Madras |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Gemini Ganesan]]
* [[M. N. Nambiar]]
* [[S. V. Ranga Rao]]
* [[P. S. Veerappa]]
* [[V. M. Ezhumalai]]
* [[J. P. Chandrababu]]
* [[Kaka Radhakrishnan]]
* Kittan
* Kannapiran
* Thiruvengadam
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]]
* [[G. Varalakshmi]]
* [[Rajasulochana]]
* [[M. Saroja]]
* Jayalakshmi
* Angamuthu
{{div col end}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by the duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], while the lyrics were penned by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=127 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Length
|-
| "Chittupol Parakkum Kudhirai" || Udutha Sarojini || 02:57
|-
| "Gnaanakkanna Ezhundhiru" || T. M. Soundararajan & P. Leela || 06:24
|-
| "Vaaraai Indre Mohana" || P. Leela || 03:18
|-
| "Chinna Chinna Vayasile" || P. Leela + Group || 03:35
|-
| "Singara Chellakutti...Thanni Kudam Kakkathile" || T. M. Soundararajan + Group || 03:14
|-
| "Kasakkuma Illai Rusikkuma" || T. M. Soundararajan & P. Susheela || 03:21
|-
| "Mohana Punnagai Eno" || T. M. Soundararajan & P. Susheela || 03:29
|-
| "Aathukku Paalam Avasiyam" || T. M. Soundararajan & J. P. Chandrababu || 03:41
|-
| "Vedhaantham Pesuvaanga" || P. Susheela || 03:22
|-
| "Naayagaa Naayagaa" || V. M. Ezhumalai & chorus ||
|-
| "Ungal Manasu" || P. Leela ||
|}

== Reception ==
Jambavan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote {{what|date=April 2023}}.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜாம்பவான் |date=15 September 1957 |title=பத்தினித் தெய்வம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-09-15/page/70/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240923075751/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-09-15/page/70/mode/2up? |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-09-23 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=70 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chitrapu Narayana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2025}}

Thanedaar

2026-03-03T23:45:09Z

MochenKitche: general adjust references after review and updated info for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thanedaar
| image = Thanedaar.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Vinay Shukla]]
| producer = Sanjay Roy Sudhir Roy
| director = [[Raj N. Sippy]]
| starring = [[Jeetendra]] [[Jaya Prada]] [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Madhuri Dixit]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahri]]
| cinematography = Anwar Siraj
| editing = Ashok Honda
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Anbukku Naan Adimai]]''|[[R. Thyagarajan (director)|R. Thyagarajan]]}}
| studio = Shiva Arts International
| released = {{film date|df=y|1990|12|14}}
| runtime = 151 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Thanedaar''''' ({{translation|''[[Station House Officer]]''}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]], produced by Sanjay Roy and Sudhir Roy under the Shiva Arts International banner and directed by [[Raj N. Sippy]]. It stars [[Jeetendra]], [[Jaya Prada]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Madhuri Dixit]] with music composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Thanedar Returns Cast & Crew|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/563927|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108013318/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/563927|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> The film is perhaps most remembered for the song ''[[#Tamma Tamma Loge|Tamma Tamma Loge]]''.<ref name=tamma>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-madhuri-dixit-s-top-25-dance-numbers/20120515.htm|work=[[rediff.com]]| access-date=7 August 2012|date=15 May 2012|title=Madhuri Dixit's Top 25 Dance Numbers}}</ref> The film is a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-Telugu bilingual film ''[[Anbukku Naan Adimai]]'' (1980).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madhuri Dixit reminisces song 'Tamma Tamma' as movie 'Thanedar' clocks 30 years|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-reminisces-song-tamma-tamma-as-movie-thanedar-clocks-30-years20201210192332/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins in Jaalkot village, where Thakur Ajgar Singh is the tyrant of the region. Inspector Jagdish Chandar strongly opposes his cruelty. Jagdish lives with his motherless children, Avinash and Brijesh (aka Birju).

Ajgar conspires to have him killed by two professional assassins: Lawrence and Peter. One night, the killers slay Jagdish and abduct Briju, whereas Avinash is adopted by a police commissioner.

Years roll by, and Avinash becomes a stout-hearted police official and leads a delightful life with his wife Sudha and daughter Bubbly.

Birju, on the other hand, has turned into a criminal under the tutelage of Lawrence and Peter. The duo gets him to commit crimes and live off the proceeds. They assign him a final task — to steal a jewel — soon after he is released from prison.

Meanwhile, Chanda — a victim of Ajgar — approaches Birju for help to destroy the tyrant. In turn, Birju recruits Chanda for the theft, but Chanda is apprehended.

Through Chanda, Avinash learns about Ajgar and recalls the past. He then gets himself transferred to Jaalkot.

Meanwhile, Lawrence and Peter betray Briju, but he evades them and runs away with the jewel.

Avanish encounters Birju on a train as a copassenger, and a brawl erupts. Here, Avanish recognizes Birju as his brother by his tattoo. However, he falls out of the train and is presumed dead.

Birju lands up in Jaalkot, where everyone welcomes him as Avinash. Despite being initially reckless and suborned to Ajgar, Birju breaks ranks after witnessing the tyrant's atrocities. Surprisingly, an unknown person under the veil always shields him. Meanwhile, Chanda witnesses how Birju has transformed and falls for him.

One day, Sudha reaches the village with Bubbly, setting up a potential reveal, but Briju handles the situation. Soon, he realizes that Avinash is his brother over what happened on the train.

Eventually, he reforms Ajgar’s henchmen, Sunny and Mangal, turning them into approvers. However, they are slaughtered. Undeterred, Briju continues to accumulate evidence against Ajgar.

Meanwhile, Sudha learns of what happened on the train and, outraged, seeks to kill Birju, but is stopped by the man in the veil.

He is revealed to be Avinash, who apparently survived the fall from the train. The brothers then join hands in exacting revenge on those who wronged them.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Jeetendra]] as Inspector Avinash Chandar
* [[Jaya Prada]] as Sudha Chandar
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Brijesh Chandar "Birju"
* [[Madhuri Dixit]] as Chanda
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as Thakur Ajgar Singh
* [[Goga Kapoor]] as Lawrence
* [[Tej Sapru]] as Peter
* [[Mahesh Anand]] as Mangal
* [[Satish Shah]] as Rangeele
* [[Kunika]] as Munni
* [[Suresh Chatwal]] as Jailor Anand
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Sunny
* [[Harish Patel]] as Constable Bechare
* [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] as Constable Dukhiram
* [[Viju Khote]] as Constable Khushiram
* [[Dalip Tahil]] as Inspector Jagdish Chandar (Special Appearance)
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Mrs. Chandar (Special Appearance)
*[[Vikas Anand]] as Vishnu
*[[Mahavir Shah]] as Peter and Lawrence Henchman Arvind Kumar (Special Appearance)
*[[Gavin Packard]] as Saudagar (Special Appearance)
* [[Subbiraj]] as Police Commissioner Prithvi
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "[[Tamma Tamma Loge]]"
| [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Aur Bhala kya Mangu Main rab se"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Pankaj Udhas]]
|-
| "Jab Se Hui Hai"
| [[Amit Kumar]]
|-
| "Pehli Pehli Baar"
| [[Alka Yagnik]], Amit Kumar
|-
| "Jeena Hai To" - 1
| [[Asha Bhosle]], Amit Kumar
|-
| "Jeena Hai To" - 2
| Asha Bhosle, Amit Kumar
|-
| "Jeena Hai To" - 3
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Zulmi Saiyan"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Kamaal Ho Gaya"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

==Reception==
The film scored well at the box office grossing {{INR}}10.25 crore.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1990 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA== |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=7 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304031728/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA== |archive-date=4 March 2009 }}</ref> It was also the [[Bollywood films of 1990#Highest grossing|fourth highest-grossing film of the year 1990]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}
* {{Youtube|9j3FzKlAv-4|''Thanedaar''}}

[[Category:1990 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990 action films]]
[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj N. Sippy]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Swetha Naagu

2026-03-03T21:48:09Z

MochenKitche: formatting fix

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{short description|2004 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Swetha Naagu
| image =
| director = Sanjeevi
| producer = CV Reddy
| writer =
| starring = [[Soundarya]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cinematography = Diwakar
| editing = Lanka Bhaskar
| studio = CV Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2004|02|18|df=yes|ref1=<ref name="Indiancine.ma">{{cite web |last1=Ashish |first1=Rajadhyaksha |title=Swetha Nagu (2004) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ATOB/info |website=Indiancine.ma |access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 145 minutes (Telugu) 123 minutes (Kannada)
| country = India
| language = Telugu Kannada
| budget =
}}
'''''Swetha Naagu''''' is a 2004 Indian [[devotional film|devotional]] [[horror film]] directed by Sanjeevi starring [[Soundarya]] with [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] and [[Sarath Babu]] playing supporting roles. The film was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Kannada with the latter version titled''''' Shwetha Naagara'''''. Both versions had a slightly different supporting cast. The Telugu version was partially reshot and dubbed in Tamil as ''Madhumathi''. It is the last film for Soundarya before her death on 17 April 2004.

== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cast (Telugu)
!Cast (Kannada)
!Role (Telugu)
!Role (Kannada)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Soundarya]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Madhumathi
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Praveen
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Sarath Babu]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Shankar Reddy
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] || style="text-align:center;"| Sarpararanya Dhora || style="text-align:center;"| Sarpa Kaadu Dhorey
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Abhinayashree]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Naagini
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Dwarakish]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Ashok Kumar
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Kunigal Nagabhushan]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Madhumathi's guardian
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] || style="text-align:center;"|Sridevi || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Madhumathi's mother
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Raghunatha Reddy]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Bank Janardhan]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Praveen's father
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Brahmanandam]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Sanketh Kashi]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| chief guest
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Karunas]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[Karibasavaiah]] || style="text-align:center;"| "Black" Baba || style="text-align:center;"| "Conductor" Kariyappa
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Babloo Prithviraj]] || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|shapeshifting snake dancer (cameo)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Anand (actor)|Anand]] || colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"| tribal man
|-
! colspan="2" | Cast (Telugu)
! colspan="2" | Role (Telugu)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Pattabhi Ram
| colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| tribal man
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Kallu Chidambaram]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Cast (Kannada)
! colspan="2" | Role (Kannada)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Meena
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Praveen's mother
|}

== Production ==
The film was originally planned to be made simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil.<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wonderful-white-snake/article28443382.ece|title=Wonderful white snake|date=22 July 2003|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230926141924/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wonderful-white-snake/article28443382.ece|archive-date=26 September 2023}}</ref> Many resources state that this was Soundarya's 100th milestone film and also her last proper film while still alive; she died two months later during a helicopter crash. She had two posthumous releases in the later part of the year.<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-swethanaagu.html#:~:text=Telugu+cinema+Review+-+Swetha+Naagu,,+Abbas+-+Sanjeevi+-+CV+Reddy&text=Madhumati+(Soundarya)+is+a+research,is+a+study+on+snakes.&text=The+rest+of+the+film,Devata+(Goddess+of+Snakes)|title=Telugu cinema Review — Swetha Naagu — Soundarya, Abbas — Sanjeevi — CV Reddy|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> A white snake from [[Meghalaya]] was used in the film.<ref name="H" /> Abbas who garnered acclaim with his debut in the Tamil film, ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' was signed to play one of the leads in the film.<ref name="T">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/Abbas-receives-mafia-threat/articleshow/58616.cms|title=Abbas receives mafia threat | undefined News — Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 July 2003 }}</ref> The film began production in mid-2003.<ref name="T" /> The film was shot in Bangalore, Savanadurga alongside Yaana and Sirsi in Uttara Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec21/ent5.asp|title=Soundarya, Abbas star in Shwetha Naga|first=Srikanth|last=Srinivas|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=21 December 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040106214557/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec21/ent5.asp|archive-date=6 January 2004}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Idlebrain]]'' gave the film a rating of two-and-three-quarters out of five and wrote that "''Swetha Nagu'' is an average devotional film. And the USP (Unique Selling Point) is Soundarya".<ref name="I"/> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' noted that "The first half of the film is interesting, but the film peters out in the second half. However the plus point of the film is Soundarya".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/swetha-naagu-review-telugu-pclv06aahhafh.html|title=Review|website=[[Sify]]|first=|last=|access-date=|date=24 February 2004|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013041629/http://www.sify.com/movies/swetha-naagu-review-telugu-pclv06aahhafh.html|archive-date=13 October 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt0940779}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films about snakes]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:2004 horror films]]
[[Category:2004 multilingual films]]

Sangharshana

2026-03-03T20:16:40Z

MochenKitche: brief updated citations for consistency and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sangharshana
| image = Sangarshana.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Poster
| story = V. C. Guhanathan
| writer = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] (''Dialogues'')
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Vijayashanti]] [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
| director = [[K. Murali Mohana Rao]]
| producer = [[D. Ramanaidu]]
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]]
| distributor = [[Suresh Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1983|12|29}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Sangharshana''''' ({{translation|"Conflict"}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[K. Murali Mohana Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/k-murali-mohan-rao.html|title=All you want to know about #KMuraliMohanRao|website=FilmiBeat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/may/1137032.htm | title=Indra Kumar?s Daddy Cool and Girish Dhamija?s untitled next are both inspired by Death at a Funeral | date=19 May 2008 | accessdate=29 August 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Chiranjeevi]],[[Vijayashanti]] and [[Nalini]] with [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]], [[Rao Gopala Rao]] and [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] in other vital roles. It is the only Chiranjeevi film financed by [[D. Rama Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/megastar-chiranjeevi-lesser-known-facts/photostory/48585785.cms|title=Megastar Chiranjeevi: Lesser known facts|website=The Times of India|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408173742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/megastar-chiranjeevi-lesser-known-facts/photostory/48585785.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]] scored the film's soundtrack. The film was a ''Superhit'' at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=1070&role=25|title=K. Murali Mohana Rao Filmography|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/tatineniramaraointerview.php |title=Stars : Star Interviews |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515121820/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/tatineniramaraointerview.php |archive-date=15 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Dilip ([[Chiranjeevi]]) is educated in the United States and returns to India after a long time. His father Janardhan rao runs a factory and wants his son to take over his business. Meanwhile, Dilip meets Rekha and they both fall in love with each other. One day, Dilip realizes that his father is a smuggler, who runs his dark business under the mask of his factory. He senses the danger and refuses to take over his father's position and joins the same factory as a labour. He rises to union leader's position and revolts against his father.

== Cast ==
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Dilip
* [[Vijayashanti]] as Radha
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Sathyaraj
* [[Prabhakar Reddy]] as Dilip's father
* [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Krishnamurthy
* [[Rao Gopala Rao]] as Site Manager
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Varahamurthy
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Rekha
* Sivakrishna as Shivam
* [[Annapurna (actress)|Annapurna]]
* [[Nirmalamma]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0246213|title=Sangharshana}}
* [https://cinemasonly.com/sangharshana Sangharshana OTT]

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]

{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Azes I

2026-02-25T06:37:01Z

MochenKitche: cleanup information after review per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Azes I
| title = [[Indo-Scythian]] king
| image = Coin of Azes I.jpg
| caption = Coin of Azes I. '''Obv:''' Azes I in military dress, on a horse, with couched spear. Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΖΟΥ "of the Great King of Kings Azes". [[British Museum]].
| reign = ''c''. 48/47 – 25 BCE
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Spalirises]]
| successor = [[Azilises]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
}}

'''Azes I''' ([[Greek alphabet|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|[[wiktionary:Ἄζης|Ἄζης]]}} {{transliteration|grc|Azēs}}, epigraphically {{lang|grc|ΑΖΟΥ}} {{transliteration|grc|Azou}}; [[Kharosthi]]: '''{{lang|pgd|[[wiktionary:𐨀𐨩|𐨀𐨩]]}}''' {{transliteration|pgd|A-ya}}, {{transliteration|pgd|Aya}}<ref name="Gardner">{{cite book |last=Gardner |first=Percy |author-link=Percy Gardner |date=1929 |title=The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022932382 |location=London |publisher=Gilbert & Rivington Ltd. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924022932382/page/n151/mode/2up 73]-[https://archive.org/details/cu31924022932382/page/n171/mode/2up 92] |isbn=978-0-900-83452-3 }}</ref>) was an [[Indo-Scythian]] ruler who ruled around c. 48/47 BCE – 25 BCE<ref>Falk and Bennett (2009), pp. 197–215.</ref> with a dynastic empire based in the [[Punjab]] and [[Indus River|Indus Valley]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mac Dowell |first=D. W. |date=30 December 2012 |title=D. W. Mac Dowell, "AZES," Encyclopaedia Iranica, III/3, p. 257 |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azes |website=iranicaonline.com}}</ref> completed the domination of the Scythians in the northwestern [[Indian subcontinent]].

==Name==
Azes's name is attested on his coins in the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] form {{transliteration|grc|Azēs}} ({{lang|grc|[[wiktionary:Ἄζης|Ἄζης]]}}) and the [[Kharosthi]] form {{transliteration|pgd|Aya}} ({{lang|pgd|[[wiktionary:𐨀𐨩|𐨀𐨩]]}}),<ref name="Gardner"/> which are both derived from the [[Saka language|Saka]] name {{lang|xsc|*Aza}}, meaning "leader".<ref>{{cite book |last=Harmatta |first=János |author-link=János Harmatta |editor-last1=Harmatta |editor-first1=János |editor-link1=János Harmatta |editor-last2=Puri |editor-first2=B. N. |editor-link2=Baij Nath Puri |editor-last3=Etemadi |editor-first3=G. F. |date=1999 |chapter=Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms |title=History of civilizations of Central Asia |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass|Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House]] |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9U6RlVVjpakC&pg=PA409 409] |isbn=978-8-120-81408-0}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Whitehead Coins of the Punjab Museum Plate XI Azes Demeter and Hermes.jpg|thumb|Coin of Azes with Demeter and Hermes.]] [[Maues]] and his successors had conquered the areas of [[Gandhara]], as well as the area of [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] from 85 BCE forming the [[Northern Satraps]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=}}

==The Azes Era==
Azes's most lasting legacy was the foundation of the [[Azes era]]. It was widely believed that the era was begun by Azes's successors by simply continuing the counting of his regnal years. However, Prof. Harry Falk has recently presented an inscription at several conferences which dates to Azes's reign, and suggests that the era may have been begun by Azes himself. Most popular historians date the start of the Azes era to 58 BC and believe it is the same as the later era known as the [[Malwa]] or Vikrama era.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Salomon|title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ |year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509984-3|pages=182–183, 194–195}}</ref>

However, a recently discovered inscription, the [[Bajaur reliquary inscription]], dated in both the Azes and the Greek era suggests that actually this is not the case. The inscription gives the relationship Azes = Greek + 128. It is believed that the [[Yavana era|Greek era]] may have begun in 173 BCE, exactly 300 years before the first year of the Era of [[Kanishka]]. If that is the case then the Azes era would begin in about 45 BC.<ref>For discussions refer to Bracey, R. (2005) 'The Azes Era' (http://www.kushan.org/essays/chronology/azesvikrama.htm), Cribb, J (2005) 'The Greek Kingdom of Bactria, its coinage and collapse' in ''Afghanistan, Ancien Carrefour entre l'est et l'ouest'' (ed. Bopearachichi O & Boussac, M-F), Turnhout: 207–225, Falk, H. & C. J. Bennett 'Macedonian Intercalary Months and the Era of Azes' ''Acta Orientalia'' 70 (2009) 197–216</ref>

==Azes I and Azes II identical?==
According to Senior, Azes I may have been identical with [[Azes II]], due to the discovery of an overstrike of the former over the latter.<ref>[http://coinindia.com/galleries-azes1.html Coin India]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Yuezhi]]
*[[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]
*[[Indo-Greek Kingdom]]
*[[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]]
*[[Kushan Empire]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite journal| author=Harry Falk and Chris Bennett |year=2009 |title=Macedonian Intercalary Months and the Era of Azes|url=https://www.academia.edu/349875 |journal=Acta Orientalia |issue=70 |pages=197–215 |issn=0001-6438 |access-date=11 April 2014}}
* {{cite book|title=The Shape of Ancient Thought. Comparative studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies |author=McEvilley, Thomas |author-link=Thomas McEvilley |publisher=Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts |date=2002| isbn=978-1-58115-203-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTfm8KHn900C |access-date=11 April 2014}}
* {{cite book| title=The Greeks in Bactria and India | author=W.W. Tarn |publisher=Cambridge University Press |author-link=William Woodthorpe Tarn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-108-00941-6| access-date=11 April 2014}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608082305/http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/indo_scythians/azes_I/t.html Coins of Azes I] (archived)
* [http://www.kushan.org/essays/chronology/azesvikrama.htm Discussion of the Azes and Greek Era]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Spalirises]] ([[Indo-Scythian]] king)}}
{{s-ttl|rows=3|title=[[Indo-Scythian|Indo-Scythian Ruler]]|years=57 – 35 BCE}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Azilises]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[King Telephos|Telephos]] ([[Indo-Greek]] king in [[Arachosia]] and [[Gandhara]])}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hippostratos]] ([[Indo-Greek]] king in [[Punjab region|Western Punjab]])}}
{{s-end}}

{{Indo-Scythians}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azes 01}}
[[Category:Indo-Scythian kings]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Iranian monarchs]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Iranian people]]

Oussudu Bird Sanctuary

2026-02-24T02:47:04Z

MochenKitche: New A Details

{{Short description|Protected area in Puducherry, India}}{{Infobox protected area
| name = Oussudu Bird Sanctuary ''Sanctuaire d'Oiseaux d'Ousteri''
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 (48918379341).jpg
| image_caption = Great egret in the Sanctuary
| map = India Puducherry#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = Puducherry, India
| area = 3.9
| established = 2008
}}

'''Oussudu''' or '''Ousteri Bird Sanctuary''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Réserve Ornithologique d'Oussudu'') is the first and the only [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] in the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2008-12-09 |title=Puducherry gets its first bird sanctuary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/puducherry-gets-its-first-bird-sanctuary/articleshow/3810608.cms |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was created in 2008.<ref name=":0" /> It spans over 390 acres around the [[Ousteri Lake|Ousteri lake]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-23 |title=Oussudu lake, a fully protected wetland now |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/oussudu-lake-a-fully-protected-wetland-now/article7136253.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
[[File:Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817) (48917851913).jpg|thumb|[[Little cormorant]] in the sanctuary]]

The lake is home to around 200 species of birds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Rajesh B. |date=2022-12-11 |title=Lack of amenities keep visitors at bay from scenic Ousteri lake |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/lack-of-amenities-keep-visitors-at-bay-from-scenic-ousteri-lake/article66238971.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> About 40 species of migratory birds visit the sanctuary after November everyear including [[Eurasian golden oriole|golden oriole]], [[openbill stork]], [[Tailorbird|tailor bird]], [[painted stork]], [[white ibis]], [[White-breasted waterhen|white-breasted water-hen]] and [[Spotted owlet|spotted owlets]].<ref name=":0" /> The vegetation ranges from small herbs to trees, which supports migratory avifauna as well as native birds during summer and winter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/AWC_statewise_count/Pondicherry.pdf |access-date=2023-05-25 |lang=en |title=Pondicherry |website=www.bnhs.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706032620/http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/AWC_statewise_count/Pondicherry.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2010 }}</ref>

However, bird poaching poses a significant threat to the sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perier |first=Bagalavan |date=2022-02-11 |title=Bird census finds illegal poaching at Puducherry's Ousteri lake |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/Feb/14/bird-census-finds-illegal-poaching-at-puducherrys-ousteri-lake-2419252.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, the Wildlife Department in Puducherry (''Direction des Forêts et de la Faune de Pondichéry'') seized 57 bird carcasses, which had been poisoned and killed by poachers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=S. |date=2024-03-10 |title=57 carcasses of birds seized in Puducherry; poachers flee |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/57-carcasses-of-birds-seized-in-puducherry-poachers-flee/article67935074.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Eastern Ghats}}
{{Ramsar sites in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:Coromandel Coast]]
[[Category:Eastern Ghats]]
[[Category:South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]

Mohan Prasad

2026-02-19T11:11:26Z

MochenKitche:

{{short description|Thakur of Maihar (1850 – 1852)}}
{{infobox royalty
| title =  [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]
| succession =  [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Maihar State|Maihar]]
| reign = {{circa|1850}} – {{circa|1852}}
| predecessor =  [[Bishan Singh of Maihar|Bishan Singh]]
| successor =  [[Raghubir Singh of Maihar|Raghubir Singh]]
| death_date = {{circa|1852}}
| issue = [[Raghubir Singh of Maihar|Raghubir Singh]]
| house = {{flagicon image|Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Maihar_State.png}} [[Maihar State|Maihar]]
| father = [[Bishan Singh of Maihar|Bishan Singh]]
}}
'''Mohan Prasad''' was the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Maihar State|Maihar]] from 1850 until his death in 1852.

== Biography ==
Upon his father Bishan Singh's death in 1850, he succeeded him as the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Maihar State|Maihar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Central_Indian_Agency/icwkAQAAIAAJ |title=Central Indian Agency |date=1909 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |pages=226–227 |language=en}}</ref> However, his reign was short-lived, as he died in 1852, and his son, [[Raghubir Singh of Maihar|Raghubir Singh]], inherited his title, rank, and dignity as a minor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Purushotam Vishram Mawjee |url=https://archive.org/details/DurbarAlbum1/ |title=(1911) Imperial durbar album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars, Vol. I. |date=1911 |pages=135}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1852 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Maihar State]]

Rooplo Kolhi

2026-02-16T04:45:51Z

MochenKitche: cleaned up article additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Freedom fighter}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Girasia]] of Chandangarh
| name = Rooplo Shamtoji Kolhi
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Statue of Rooplo Kolhi.jpg
| caption = Statue of Amar Shaheed Rooplo Kolhi in [[Nagarparkar]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]].
| birth_name = Rupaji Gohil
| birth_date = 1818<ref name="Khaskheli">{{Cite web |last=Khaskheli |first=Muhammad Abbas |date=2021-11-02 |title=Rooplo Kolhi: The Warrior Who Defied The British Empire In The Karoonjhar Mountains |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2021/11/03/rooplo-kolhi-the-warrior-who-defied-the-british-empire-in-the-karoonjhar-mountains/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The Friday Times - Naya Daur |language=en-US}}</ref>
| birth_place = Konbhari village, Nagarparkar, [[Sindh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 22 August 1858
| death_place = Gardharo River near [[Nagarparkar]] and [[Karoonjhar Mountains]]
| death_cause = Hanged By [[British Government]]
| monuments = [[Nagarparkar]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = [[Girasia]] of Chandangarh
| era = [[British Raj|British era]]
| other_names = * ''Ruplo Kolhi''
* ''Rupaji Gohil''
* ''Roopajee Gohel''
| movement =
| criminal_charges = * [[Murder]]
* Looting & plundering
| spouse = Meenawati Rooplo Kolhi
| children = * [[Krishna Kohli]] (grand daughter)
* Veerji Kolhi (grandson)
| mother = Kesarbai Kolhi
}}

'''Rooplo Shamtoji Kolhi'''<ref name="Khaskheli">{{Cite web |last=Khaskheli |first=Muhammad Abbas |date=2021-11-02 |title=Rooplo Kolhi: The Warrior Who Defied The British Empire In The Karoonjhar Mountains |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2021/11/03/rooplo-kolhi-the-warrior-who-defied-the-british-empire-in-the-karoonjhar-mountains/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The Friday Times - Naya Daur |language=en-US}}</ref> fought against the [[British Raj|British Rulers]] in [[Karoonjhar Mountains]] at [[Nagarparkar Tehsil|Nagarparkar]] of [[List of districts in Sindh|District]] [[Tharparkar]], [[Sindh]]. His birth name was '''Rupaji Gohil'''. The British hanged him on 22 August 1858 with his companions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=Hindu Woman Elected To Pakistan's Senate In Historic First |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/in-a-first-hindu-dalit-woman-elected-to-paks-senate/309060 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.outlookindia.com/ |language=en}}</ref> His anniversary is celebrated on August 22 every year by a faction of [[Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz]].<ref name=jung>{{cite news|title=Prisoner from the granite hills|url=http://jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2009-weekly/nos-06-09-2009/kol.htm#5|accessdate=12 June 2013|newspaper=Jung : The News on Sunday|date=1 Sep 2009}}</ref> He was the last commander of rebels hanged by the British officials.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shah|first=Zulfiqar|title=Roots of Nationalism in Sindh| url=http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/encounter/20080329/encounter4.htm|accessdate=12 June 2013|newspaper=Dawn|date=29 March 2008}}</ref>

==History==
Rooplo Kolhi was a commander of [[Koli people|Koli]] forces and he, along with two other commanders were rebelling under [[Rana (title)#As a title|Rana]] Karan Singh Sodha of [[Nagarparkar]].<ref name=jung/> Under Kolhi's leadership, more than 8,000 fighters belonging to Kolhi tribe rebelled.<ref name=jung/> The rebel army under the leadership of Rooplo had already defeated the army of Col George Tyrwhitt thrice in Karoonjhar Mountains by then. After each encounter, Tyrwhitt returned to his army base camp situated in Mirpurkhas with a worn-out cavalry. When he attacked the Parkar region of Sindh the second time, the Kolhi killed many of his British soldiers using [[Guerrilla warfare|guerilla]] war tactics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The fearless Rooplo Kolhi {{!}} Political Economy {{!}} thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/904516-the-fearless-rooplo-kolhi |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> Other commanders were killed and later Rooplo Kolhi was arrested near Pag Wool well, where his troops were fetching water.<ref name=jung/> Rooplo Kolhi was brought before [[Colonel]] [[Tyrwhitt]], who offered him a large sum of wealth with a condition that Kolhi should seek an apology and become a [[vassal]] and inform the hideout of Karan Singh and his companions, to which Kolhi opposed.<ref name=jung/> His fingers were wrapped in [[cotton]] and soaked in oil was burnt in front of locals. He sustained all the tortures bravely. He was hanged on the banks of Gardharo stream, near [[Nagarparkar Tehsil|Nagarparkar]] and [[Karoonjhar Mountains|Karunjher]] Mountains on 22 August 1858.<ref name=jung/>

== Descendants ==
After the death of Kolhi, his mother Kesrbai, wife Meenawati and others migrated to [[Kunri Tehsil|Kunri]], which is a part of today's [[Umerkot district|Umerkot]] district and his later descendants settled at the place.<ref name=jung/>

== Tribute ==
* In 2017, a resort under his name Rooplo Kolhi [[Resort]] was opened in [[Nagarparkar]], [[Sindh]] by the [[Sindh Tourism Development Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mansoor |first=Hasan |date=2017-08-21 |title=Tourist resort in Nagarparkar opens |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1352849 |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* In October 2022, a book was published by [[Chief Minister of Sindh]] about Rooplo Kolhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dharani |first=Imtiaz |date=2022-10-26 |title=Book on freedom fighter Rooplo Kolhi launched |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1716869 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* In schools of [[Sindh]], the history of '''Rooplo Kolhi''' is studied in Higher Education syllabus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-17 |title=Schools to open next week |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2316132/schools-to-open-next-week |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
* The civil society organisations of Pakistan demanded that [[Karoonjhar Mountains]] be declared a world heritage site because the mountain is the identity of Shaheed Rooplo Kolhi who fought the British army and was hanged there.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-14 |title=SHC stays excavation of stone in Karoonjhar hills |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1516510 |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Koli people]]
* [[List of Koli states and clans]]
* [[Jhalkari Bai]]
* [[Tanaji Malusare]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sindhi nationalism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolhi, Rooplo}}
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Sind Division]]
[[Category:1859 deaths]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus]]

Raisen tehsil

2026-02-06T13:57:51Z

MochenKitche: New Post

{{more citations needed|date=July 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raisen tehsil
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
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|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|23.33|N|77.8|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[raisen district]]
|government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]
|governing_body = [[Council]]

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| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
|postal_code = 464551
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| blank_name_sec1 =
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|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
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'''Raisen tehsil''' is a tehsil in Raisen district,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2022-07-10|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh. Assembly constituency is Raisen.

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=November 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Raisen district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

The Imperial Gazetteer of India

2026-01-29T03:33:06Z

MochenKitche: updated page

{{Short description|Gazetteer of the British Raj in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Imperial Gazetteer of India
| image = The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908-1931, Book cover.jpg
| caption = Cover of the 1931 edition, published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford.
| media_type = [[gazetteer]]
| first =
| pub_date = {{start date and age|1881}}|wikisource=The Imperial Gazetteer of India
}}
[[Image:Imperial gazetteer india1908.jpg|thumb|upright|The 1908 edition, in 26 volumes, including the first four encyclopaedic volumes entitled ''Indian Empire: Descriptive, Historical, Economic and Administrative'', and the last volume (26), ''Atlas''.|alt=]]

'''''The Imperial Gazetteer of India''''' was a [[gazetteer]] of the [[British Indian Empire]], and is now a historical reference work. It was first published in 1881. [[William Wilson Hunter|Sir William Wilson Hunter]] made the original plans of the book, starting in 1869.<ref>[http://dutchinkerala.com/imperialgazetteer.php?id=07 The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Volumes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829175121/http://dutchinkerala.com/imperialgazetteer.php?id=07 |date=29 August 2021 }}. ''dutchinkerala.com''. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</ref>

The 1908, 1909 and 1931 "New Editions" have four encyclopedic volumes covering the geography, history, economics, and administration of India; 20 volumes of the alphabetically arranged gazetteer, listing places' names and providing statistics and summary information; and one volume each comprising the index and atlas. The New Editions were all published by the [[Oxford University Press]], Oxford, UK.

==Editions==
The first edition of ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' was published in nine volumes in 1881. A second edition, augmented to fourteen volumes, was issued in the years 1885–87. After the death of [[William Wilson Hunter|Sir William Wilson Hunter]] in 1900, [[Herbert Hope Risley|Sir Herbert Hope Risley]], [[William Stevenson Meyer]], [[Richard Burn (Indologist)|Sir Richard Burn]] and [[James Sutherland Cotton]] compiled the twenty-six volume ''Imperial Gazetteer of India''.<ref name="Scholberg1970">{{cite book|author=Henry Scholberg|author-link=Henry Scholberg|title=The District Gazetteers of British India: A Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYsZAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Zug, Switzerland: Inter Documentation Company|isbn=9780800212650}}</ref>

A revised form of the article on India, greatly enlarged and with statistics brought up to date, appeared as an independent volume in 1893, under the title of ''The Indian Empire: Its Peoples, History, and Products.''

All of these were edited by Hunter, who formed the original plan of the work in 1869. A parallel series of publications known as the ''Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series'' were prepared.

== Volumes ==
{{refbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* {{cite book|publisher=Trübner & Co.|location=London|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166953|author=William Wilson Hunter|edition=1st|date=1881}}
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166953/page/n1 v. 1]: A–B
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39059/page/n5 v. 2]: B-C
** v. 3: C-G
** v. 4: G-J
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43138/page/n3 v. 5]: J-K
** v. 6: K-N
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.38098/page/n5 v. 7]: N-R
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette23huntgoog/page/n6/mode/2up v. 8]: R-T
** [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.7340/page/n7/mode/2up v. 9]: T-Z
{{refend}}
{{refbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* {{cite book|publisher=Trübner|location=London|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee11hunt_0|author=William Wilson Hunter|edition=2nd|date=1885}}
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette01huntuoft/page/n5 v. 1]: A–B
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette02huntuoft/page/n7 v. 2]: B
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee03huntuoft/page/n7 v. 3]: B–C
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee04huntuoft/page/n7 v. 4]: C–G
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee05huntuoft/page/n5 v. 5]: G–I
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee06huntuoft/page/n7 v. 6]: I
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee07huntuoft/page/n5 v. 7]: I–K
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette08huntuoft/page/n5 v. 8]: K–M
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee09huntuoft/page/n7 v. 9]: M
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette10huntuoft/page/n7 v. 10]: M–P
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee11huntuoft/page/n5 v. 11]: P–R
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette12huntuoft/page/n5 v. 12]: R–S
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee13huntuoft/page/n5 v. 13]: S–Z
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee14huntuoft/page/n7 v. 14]: Index
{{refend}}
{{refbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* {{cite book|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115598|date=1908–1909|edition=New}}
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette01hunt/page/n5 v. 1]: Descriptive
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette02hunt/page/n5 v. 2]: Historical
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette03hunt/page/n5 v. 3]: Economic
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee04grea#page/n3 v. 4]: Administrative
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette05hunt/page/n3 v. 5]: A
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee06grea#page/n5 v. 6]: A–B
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee07grea#page/n7 v. 7]: B
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee08grea#page/n7 v. 8]: B
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee09grea#page/n5 v. 9]: B–C
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee10greauoft/page/n5 v. 10]: C
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazette11hunt/page/n7 v. 11]: C–E
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee12grea#page/n3 v. 12]: E–G
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee13grea#page/n5 v. 13]: G–J
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee14greauoft/page/n5 v. 14]: J–K
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee15greauoft/page/n5 v. 15]: K
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee16greauoft/page/n5 v. 16]: K–M
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee17greauoft/page/n5 v. 17]: M
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee18greauoft/page/n5 v. 18]: M–N
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee19hunt/page/n5 v. 19]: N–P
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee20greauoft/page/n5 v. 20]: P
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee21greauoft/page/n1 v. 21]: P–S
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee22greauoft/page/n5 v. 22]: S
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee23greauoft/page/n3 v. 23]: S–T
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee24greauoft/page/n5 v. 24]: T–Z
** [https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee25grea#page/n7 v. 25]: Index
** [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.74946/page/n3 v. 26]: Atlas
{{refend}}

== See also ==

* [[The Gazette of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:The Imperial Gazetteer of India | b=no | n=no | q=yes | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q2617720}}

* {{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Digital South Asia Library, [[University of Chicago]]}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imperial Gazetteer Of India}}
[[Category:1881 books]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Books about British India]]
[[Category:Gazetteers of India]]
[[Category:Historiography of India]]
[[Category:Historiography of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Reference works in the public domain]]

Noney

2026-01-19T06:38:11Z

MochenKitche: New A Pg

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Noney
|native_name = Longmai
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 =[[Manipur]]
|subdivision_type2 = District
|settlement_type = town
|subdivision_name2 = [[Noney district]]
|coordinates = {{coord|24.7842|93.6035|display=title,inline}}
|pushpin_map= India Manipur#India
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (officially called [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]){{efn|[[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]) is the official language of [[Manipur]]. Other regional languages of different places in Manipur may either be predominantly spoken or not in their respective places but "Meitei" is always officially used.}}<ref name=langoff>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=78 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Rongmei language|Rongmei]]
|timezone1 = IST
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|elevation_m = 41
|postal_code = 795159
}}
[[File:Noney Market - panoramio.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Noney during the rainy season]]
'''Noney''' ([[Meitei language|Meitei pronunciation]]: /nō-né/{{efn|[[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]) is the official language of [[Manipur]]. Other regional languages of different places in Manipur may either be predominantly spoken or not in their respective places but "Meitei" is always officially used.}}<ref name=langoff>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=78 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 }}</ref>), also known as '''Longmai''', is a town located in the western part of [[Manipur]], India. It is {{convert|63|km}} west of [[Imphal]], the capital of the state of Manipur. Its population is almost entirely made up of [[Rongmei Naga people|Rongmei Naga]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=CANARA BANK Bank Branch NONEY BAZAR BRANCH details |url=https://ifsc.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=CNRB0007296 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ifsc.c12.in |language=en}}</ref> Previously known as a village, recently has been declared as one of the new district headquarters of [[Manipur]] and is separated from the existing [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong District]] and now comprises [[Huochong|Haochong]], Khoupum, [[Nungba]] and the Longmai subdivision.<ref name=":1" />

Though the area is often known by the name "Noney" leaders of the land preferred the name "Longmai". Which mean, Luang-range and mai-widow (the widow ranges) derive from its geographical features. Despite the vast land they have, their great, great-grandfathers started their life in a place called Napthiat Lauboot (located inside Longmai) usually known by the name "Number 1" or old Longmai village. A place situated on top of the mountain, approximately 2.3 km away from Noney bazaar. People don't live there anymore, but it is remembered and preserved till today in respect of their elders who had lived there. Elders would tell stories of being there and how people slowly, bit by bit move downward, toward the river Aga Duithuak (Aga river), until finally they completely vacate the old place. They all moved out of the old place, but all of them didn't settle in one area. Some moved further downward, some closer to the old place. Due to this settlement, the village got divided into 6 parts. The parts are usually known by numbers. The number assigned to the parts and their names are as follows:

Longmai 1: PLZ/Gangbangbut

Longmai 2: Longmai 2

Longmai 3: Longmai 3,

Longmai 4: Peaceland.

Longmai 5: Namthan,

Longmai Bazaar,

Spring valley,

Happy colony

The old Longmai village is known as Number 1 but when the last group of people living in the old village moved downward below Number 2, the new place is also known by the name "Number 1". In the list above the Number 1 is the new place below number 2. The lowest or the settlement nearest to the river Aga is the present bazaar area. People from all over Longmai and from nearby villages such as Khumji, Nungtek, Makhuam would come down to this place to sell their agricultural goods. For the last few years, many people from nearby villages come here, not only for commercial purposes but also for education and medical purposes.<ref name=":1" />

== Demographics ==

=== Population ===
Noney town is inhabited mostly by [[Rongmei Naga people|Rongmei]] tribe with a total of 635 households. According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the village has a population of 3,854 people of which 2,141 are males and 1,714 are females. The average sex ratio is 801 females to 1000 males, which is lower than the [[Manipur]] state average. In the village, children 6 years of age or younger account for 11.83% of the total population. Child sex ratio for Noney, as per the 2011 census, is 861 females to 1000 males, which is lower than the state average.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Noney Village Population - Nungba - Tamenglong, Manipur |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/269254-noney-manipur.html |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

=== Literacy ===
Noney has a higher literacy rate than [[Manipur]] as a whole. In 2011, the literacy rate of Noney was 86.90% compared to 76.94% for [[Manipur]]. Male literacy was 93.40%, while female literacy rate was 78.71%.<ref name=":0" />

=== Tribe ===
In Noney, most of the population belongs to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]]. These constitute 60.69%, while [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] account for 0.13% of the total population.<ref name=":0" />

=== Work ===
Out of the total population of 3,854 people, 1,873 are engaged in work activities. 62.15% of workers describe their work as "main work" (employment or earnings for more than six months) while 37.85% are involved in marginal activities (providing a livelihood for less than 6 months). Out of the 1,873 workers engaged in "main work", 425 are cultivators (as owners or co-owners), while 5 are agricultural workers.<ref name=":0" />

== Administration ==
As per the [[Constitution of India]] and the [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchyati Raj Act]], Noney is administrated by the ''[[Sarpanch]]'' ("Village head") who is the elected representative of the village.<ref name=":0" /> Even though Noney is often described as a village, it has recently grown into a town due to the immigration of people from different parts of [[Tamenglong|the district.]] Noney is also declared as one of the new Districts in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur government creates 7 new districts |url=https://morungexpress.com/manipur-government-creates-7-new-districts-0 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref> Its temperature is slightly higher compared to other places in [[Manipur]] because of the clearing of hills for the development of a railway track and sub-station.

== Politics ==
The [[Nationalist Congress Party]], the [[Indian National Congress]], the [[Naga People's Front]], the [[Manipur State Congress Party]], and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] are the major political parties in this area.<ref>{{cite web|title=e-Pao – Manipur News|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/category/e-pao/|website=www.manipur.org}}</ref>

== Connectivity ==
The construction of the world's tallest railway bridge, measured by height of its pillars, began on 28 July 2014 near Noney. The tallest pillar will be {{convert|141|m|ft}}, with others ranging between 50-90m. This will surpass the existing tallest bridge, being the [[Mala Rijeka Viaduct]] on the [[Belgrade–Bar railway]] line in Europe, where the height of the pillars is {{convert|139|m|ft}}. The bridge will lie on the Jiribam – Tupul – Imphal line.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/construction-work-of-worlds-tallest-railway-bridge-began-at-noney-in-manipur-1407415761-1|title=Construction Work of World's tallest Railway Bridge began at Noney in Manipur|date=2014-01-07|newspaper=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2016-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Worlds-tallest-railway-bridge-coming-up-in-Manipur/articleshow/39349365.cms|title=World's 'tallest' railway bridge coming up in Manipur|work=The Times of India|access-date=2016-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimian |first=Rob |date=2023-04-13 |title=World’s tallest pier railway bridge nears completion in India |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/worlds-tallest-pier-railway-bridge-nears-completion-in-india-13-04-2023/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=New Civil Engineer |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Noney district]]

Ernest Rebello

2026-01-13T21:10:53Z

MochenKitche: made a info

{{Short description|Goan playwright and director (1905–1945)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ernest Rebello
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{circa|1905}}
| birth_place = [[Ponolem]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| death_date = {{death year and age|1945|1905}}
| death_place = [[Aldona]], Goa, Portuguese India, Portuguese Empire
| years_active = 1920–1945
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|director|composer|comedian}}
| known_for = Staging first ''[[tiatr]]'' at Princess Theatre Bhangwadi, [[Bombay]]
}}

'''Ernest Rebello''' ({{circa|1905}} – {{circa|1945}}) was an early 20th-century [[Goan]] playwright, [[theatre director]], composer, former singer, and comedian who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].

==Career==
From a young age, Rebello displayed a natural talent for theater and had a particular knack for creating [[Comedy music|humorous song]]s. His ability quickly gained him acceptance among the public. Seeking job opportunities, Rebello relocated to [[Bombay]], where After securing a job, he pursued his passion for singing and acting. Despite his [[Lean body mass|lean physique]], Rebello possessed a captivating range of facial expressions that captivated audiences, establishing him as a prominent comedian. Popular directors of the era began offering him roles, and his comic songs became sought-after, often receiving applause. Expanding his artistic horizons, Rebello ventured into scriptwriting and directing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gracias |first=Michael |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=15, 26–27, 46, 96}}</ref> His [[Short stature|diminutive stature]] further enhanced his comedic presence on stage, providing him with an advantage in delivering his songs. Directors readily cast Rebello in comedic roles due to his effortless ability to elicit laughter from audiences with his gestures. Additionally, Rebello authored several ''[[tiatr]]s'', with popular works including ''Hanv Patki'' (I Confess), ''Bomboinchi Istil'' (1940), and ''Avoicho Ghutt'' (Mother's Secret), which gained popularity and established him as a leading playwright. Rebello recognized the significance of publishing his ''tiatr'' scripts, setting him apart as one of the few playwrights of his time to do so.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=81–82, 96 |language=en |access-date=2024-03-15 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rebello achieved a milestone with the publication of his play ''Bomboinchi Istil'' in book format. ''Tiatr'', a form of [[musical theater]], had its initial staging at The New Alfred Theatre in Bombay on 17 April 1892, and subsequently found its way to several theaters. However, among these, the Princess Theatre Bhangwadi holds a distinct reputation as the premier destination for [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'', often referred to as its [[Mecca]]. Rebello played a pivotal role in establishing the prominence of the Princess Theatre Bhangwadi for Konkani ''tiatr''. He became the first playwright to showcase a ''tiatr'' production at this venue in Bombay. Prior to Rebello's breakthrough, the Bhangwadi Theatre primarily hosted [[Gujarati theatre|Gujarati]] and [[Marathi theatre|Marathi]] dramas (''nattaks''), different theatrical forms.<ref name=":0" /> However, Rebello's introduction of ''tiatr'' marked a turning point, transforming the Princess Theatre into a coveted platform for Konkani ''[[tiatrist]]s''. Rebello's contribution extended beyond his efforts as a playwright. He provided a significant opportunity to [[Kid Boxer]], a singer, by granting him his first professional stage performance in the commercial ''tiatr Bomboinchi Istil'' in 1940.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=N. T. |date=2017-07-30 |title=Remembering veteran tiatr artiste: Kid Boxer – The Navhind Times |work=The Navhind Times | Goa News |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2017/07/30/magazines/buzz/remembering-veteran-tiatr-artiste-kid-boxer/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125124424/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2017/07/30/magazines/buzz/remembering-veteran-tiatr-artiste-kid-boxer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Furthermore, it was Rebello who bestowed upon him the distinctive [[stage name]] "Kid Boxer." Boxer's debut in the ''tiatr'' genre propelled his career forward, leading to several offers from other directors.<ref name=":1" /> Rebello's prominence as a ''tiatrist'' flourished during the golden era of ''tiatr'', spanning from the 1930s to the 1970s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=136–138 |language=en |access-date=2024-03-15 |archive-date=2023-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045216/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rebello possessed a discerning talent for identifying promising newcomers and nurturing their potential through casting then in his ''[[tiatr]]s'', a form of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater. Among those who benefited from Rebello's [[patronage]] was [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], a Konkani actor who received an early career opportunity to showcase his skills in Rebello's productions on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].<ref name=":2" /> Another beneficiary of Rebello's support was [[Jacinto Vaz]], a Konkani comedian. Vaz secured his breakthrough in the industry when Rebello provided him with his first commercial break in the ''tiatr'' titled ''Hanv Patki''. Vaz's performance, both in acting and singing, received praise and admiration from the audience, establishing him as an [[entertainer]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cardozo |first=Tomazinho |date=2013-08-17 |title=Jacint Vaz Ek 'natural comedian' |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/17_amcho_avaz_ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=gom |archive-date=2024-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212180355/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/17_amcho_avaz_ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rebello also played a pivotal role in introducing [[Seby Coutinho]], an aspiring actor, to the Konkani ''tiatr'' stage. Coutinho made his debut at the Princess Theatre Bhangwadi in [[Bombay]] through Rebello's ''tiatr'' titled ''Avoicho Ghutt''. Additionally, Rebello discovered and introduced Konkani singer [[Romeo Mendes]] to the commercial stage in his ''tiatr Bomboichi Istil''. Mendes captivated the audience with his rendition of the song "Maim Putak Axeta," earning applause and [[encore]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Furthermore, Rebello played a significant role in launching the career of [[Master Vaz]], a young talent who made his debut as a [[child artist]] in Rebello's ''tiatr Bomboichi Istil''. Master Vaz's abilities endeared him to the audience, marking the beginning of his journey in the Konkani theater scene.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-14 |title=A boy named Master Vaz who became a tiatr legend |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-boy-named-master-vaz-who-became-a-tiatr-legend/articleshow/72555849.cms |access-date=2024-03-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115113612/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/a-boy-named-master-vaz-who-became-a-tiatr-legend/articleshow/72555849.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> During this period, Vaz adopted the stage name "Master Vaz," while Rebello composed songs specifically tailored for Vaz's performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A masterful career |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-masterful-career/89975 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ernest Rebello was born in 1905 in [[Ponolem]], [[Goa]], which was a territory of [[Portuguese India]] under the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now located in India). At a young age, his skill in ''[[tiatr]]'' performance was recognized, and his knack for creating songs, even while still in school, earned him admiration and respect from those in his village. Rebello took pride in his role as a ''[[tiatrist]]'', demonstrating proficiency in both singing and acting within the theatrical tradition. The village [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|ward]] concerts provided an ideal opportunity for him and his friends to showcase their talents, leading to invitations to perform in concerts held in other wards as well. Over the course of time, Rebello established himself as one of the popular ''tiatrists'' in the village. Throughout his relatively brief life, Rebello devoted twenty-five years to ''tiatr''. He died at his home in [[Aldona]] in 1945.<ref name=":0" />

==Selected stage works==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1940
|''Bomboichi Istil''
|Writer/director
|
|<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Hanv Patki''
|Writer/director
|
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Avoicho Ghutt''
|Writer/director
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rebello, Ernest}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]

Viswanatha chikitsa

2026-01-05T13:46:26Z

MochenKitche: Started new data

{{short description|1921 text on Ayurveda by Viswanatha Sen from West Bengal, India}}
'''''Viswanatha chikitsa''''' is a text written by physician Viswanatha Sen from [[West Bengal]] in [[India]] in 1921. This work reflects the popular [[Ayurvedic]] formulations of the author's practice. The text was originally published from Narendrapur of West Bengal in India. Until 2013, only few copies were available, published by Chaukhambha Orientalia.<ref>Mahesh Kumar C.S., Viswanatha Chikitsa (Introduction). Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi. 2013. </ref> ''Viswanatha Chikitsa'' is among the list of books provided in the First Schedule of Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 in India.

== Authorship ==
Several physicians named Viswanatha Sen are present in the history of [[ayurveda]].

The identity of the author becomes controversial since CCRAS (Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha) published a text ''Chikitsarnava'' in two parts by a different author also named Viswantha Sen, according to Mahesh Kumar C.S., the latest editor of ''Viswanatha Chikitsa''. The author of ''Chikitsarnava'' lived in West Bengal while the author of ''Viswanatha Chikitsa'' first lived in West Bengal and moved to Orissa to work as King Prataparudra Gajapathi's court physician. In 1990 CCRAS published an article that mentions ''Chikitsarnava'' and ''Viswanatha Chikitsa'' as distinct.<ref>Prem Kishore, M.M. Padhi, G.C. Nanda[Central Research Institute (Ayurved), Unit I, Bhubaneshwar – 751 009, India]; AYURVEDIC LITERATURE IN ORISSA – AN OVERVIEW. Ancient Science of Life, Vol No. X No. 2 October 1990, Pages 132 - 136</ref>

Sen is believed to be the author of another book, ''Pathyapathyavinischaya''.

Sen claimed that his father was Mahendranath and his teacher was Prabhakara. Mahendranath must be a follower of either [[Gananath Sen]] (1877–1945) or Gananath Sen's father, Viswanath Sen.

Vaidya Prabhakara was mentioned by Acharya Priyavrata Sharma.<ref>Ayurved Ka Vaijnanik Itihas page 447</ref> Prabhakara is believed to be the father of Vaidya Ramachandra, who authored the work ''Indrakosha'' (a lexicon on medicinal plants). Probably, he is Sen's teacher.

Viswanatha Vaidya (1623–76), son of Narayana is probably the author of ''Kosakalpataru''.<ref>Sharma P.V., Ayurved ja Vaijnanik Itihas (page 447). Published by Chakhambha Prathishthan, Varanasi. 1880.</ref>

== Structure ==
It is a small text consisting of seven chapters in total, each chapter containing ten formulations:

* Swarasa Prakarana (freshly extracted juices)
* Kashaya prakarana (decoctions)
* Churna prakarana (powders)
* Asava-Arishta prakarana (fermented products)
* Avaleha prakarana (linctus)
* Ghrita-taila prakarana (medicated ghee & oils)
* Gutika prakarana (tablets & pills)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ayurvedic texts]]
[[Category:1921 documents]]

Manmohan Bhadana

2026-01-05T13:22:33Z

MochenKitche: Started Some Info Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Samalkha Assembly constituency|Samalkha]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Dharam Singh Chhoker]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| parents = [[Kartar Singh Bhadana]](Father)
}}
'''Manmohan Bhadana''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Samalkha Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Samalkha, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Manmohan Bhadana with 81293 defeats INC's Dharam Singh Chhoker |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/samalkha-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612806-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Samalkha FINAL Election Result 2024: Manmohan Bhadana of BJP Wins by... |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/samalkha-final-election-result-2024-9079464.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhadana, Manmohan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mantri Square Sampige Road metro station

2025-12-24T16:32:29Z

MochenKitche: Started A Info Basic Info

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Mantri Square Sampige Road
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Green}}
| other_name = Sampige Road, Sampige Raste, Mantri Mall, Mantri Square Mall
| style = Namma Metro
| image = File:Mantri Square Sampige Road Metro-Platform View1.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Station platform
| address = Sampige Road, [[Malleswaram]], Bangalore [[Karnataka]] 560003
| coordinates = {{coord|12.990508|77.570729|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Available
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2014|March|1|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Staffed
| code = SPGD
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| architect = Mantri Developers
| architectural_style =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Green |left=Srirampura |right=Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic|to-left=Madavara}}
| route_map = {{BMR Green Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Mantri Square Sampige Road''' (formerly known as '''Sampige Road''') is an important elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] serving the [[Malleswaram]] area of [[Bengaluru]], India. It was opened to the public on 1 March 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Peenya-Sampige-Road-Metro-Service-From-March-1/2014/02/25/article2076639.ece#.UzQN-aPDDIU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204120/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Peenya-Sampige-Road-Metro-Service-From-March-1/2014/02/25/article2076639.ece#.UzQN-aPDDIU |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 March 2014 |title=Peenya-Sampige Road Metro Service From March 1 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=2014-02-25 |accessdate=2014-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/this-one-feels-like-namma-metro-as-its-closer-home/article5740935.ece |title='This one feels like Namma Metro as it's closer home' |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2014-03-01 |accessdate=2014-03-27}}</ref> The station was constructed by Mantri Developers and consists of two basements, one ground and one upper floor. The station was named Mantri Square Sampige Road due to a PPP agreement between the [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL) and Mantri.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news|author=Special Correspondent |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/malleswarams-own-twin-towers/article5106024.ece |title=Malleswaram's own twin towers |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2013-09-08 |accessdate=2014-03-29}}</ref> [[Mantri Square]] is a [[shopping mall]] located near the station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mantrisquare.com/location-map.php |title=Location Map |publisher=Mantri Square |accessdate=2014-03-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116015910/http://mantrisquare.com/location-map.php |archivedate=16 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The station area covers around 80,000 sq feet. A bridge connecting the station to the first floor of the mall was inaugurated on 20 August 2014. This was the first bridge in India directly linking a metro station with a mall.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mantri Square Creates an{{sic |nolink=yes}} Unique Shopping Experience station|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/mantri-square-creates-an-unique-shopping-experience/|accessdate=5 September 2014|work=This Week Bangalore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831173228/http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/mantri-square-creates-an-unique-shopping-experience/ |archive-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-03-15/news/27608943_1_largest-mall-metro-connectivity-mantri-developers |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710051939/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-03-15/news/27608943_1_largest-mall-metro-connectivity-mantri-developers |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2012 |title=Largest mall, Mantri Square to have metro connectivity |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=2010-03-15 |accessdate=2014-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bangalores-largest-mall-mantri-square-to-have-metro-connectivity/article245598.ece |title=Bangalore's largest mall, Mantri Square to have metro connectivity |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2010-03-15 |accessdate=2014-03-29}}</ref>

==History==
The BMRCL acquired 5.03 acres of land from Mantri Developers for the station in 2007. The former then entered into an agreement with Mantri for joint development of the land. As per the agreement, Mantri would construct the station at a cost of {{INR}}30 crore and also develop the surrounding land by building about 800,000 square feet of commercial space under a 99-year lease.<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/scrap-pact-with-mantri-for-metro-station-mla/article968878.ece |title=Scrap pact with Mantri for metro station: MLA |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2010-12-22 |accessdate=2014-03-29}}</ref> The [[Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] (BBMP) approved plans to construct a 32-storey residential complex and a 27-storey commercial complex adjacent to the [[Mantri Square]] mall and the Sampige Road station. The towers will be 112.9 metres and 100.85 metres tall respectively. The residential tower will have three basements, one ground and 32 floors, while the commercial/office tower will have three basements, one ground and 27 upper floors. The station and the two towers will occupy 1,77,885.10 square metres of land. The project is a joint venture of the BMRCL and Mantri Infrastructure Private Limited.<ref name="deccanherald1">{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/355821/mantri-square-metro-station-gets.html |title=Mantri Square Metro station gets nod |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date=2013-09-06 |accessdate=2014-03-29}}</ref><ref name="thehindu1"/>

Mantri handed over 12,286 square metres in the acquired area for the construction of a 24-metre four-lane road for commuters.<ref name="deccanherald1"/><ref name="thehindu1"/> The presence of the Mantri Square mall in the area has created traffic gridlock on Sampige Road. However, traffic experts believe that the construction of the two towers will not affect the traffic flow in the area. Traffic engineering expert M.N. Sreehari stated that the 24 metre-wide road would be able to handle the traffic emanating from the towers.<ref name="thehindu1"/> The project was opposed by then Gandhinagar MLA Dinesh Gundu Rao, who felt that it would benefit neither the metro nor the general public. He instead wanted the BMRCL to scrap the agreement, and construct the station on its own.<ref name="thehindu2"/>

The BBMP had initially denied approval to the project when its internal probe showed that the builder had allegedly encroached on two acres and 11 ''guntas'' of government land comprising railway land, a part of Jakkarayana Kere and a mud road.<ref name="deccanherald1"/> The BBMP argued that the builder could receive transferable development rights (TDR) in exchange for handing over the encroached mud road to them for the construction of a road. The Survey and Settlement Department affirmed that Mantri had encroached on government land. Then BBMP commissioner Siddaiah opposed approving the plans to Mantri and the BMRCL for the construction of Swastik metro station, which was later renamed as the Mantri Square Sampige Road station. The Indian Railways had removed the encroachment from its land, following the disclosure. It is unclear whether the project was built on the encroached railway land. However, a single judge bench of the High Court, on a writ petition by Mantri, directed the BBMP to approve the plan on 15 April 2013. The BBMP's appeal against this order was disposed of by a division bench on 18 June. The court stated that Mantri could be compelled to surrender the TDR if the court [in a separate pending case] found that it had actually encroached government land. Then BBMP Commissioner M. Lakshminarayana ordered the plan be approved on 26 July, and the Joint Director (Town Planning) approved the same on 22 August 2013.<ref name="deccanherald1"/><ref name="thehindu1"/>

== Station layout ==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Mantri Square Sampige Road track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Srirampura}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{BSsplit|[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda]]|[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Station, Majestic]]}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}} '''Next Station:''' [[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Stn., Majestic]] '''''Change at the next station for {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}}'''''
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Srirampura}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==Entry/Exits==
There are 3 Entry/Exit points – A, B and C. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel.

* Entry/Exit point A: Towards PNR Nagar side
* Entry/Exit point B: Towards PNR Nagar side with wheelchair accessibility
* Entry/Exit point C: Towards Mantri Square Mall side
[[File:Mantrisquarefront.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Mantri Square]] mall.]]
==See also==
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sampige Road metro station}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bengaluru}}
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M25gsnuLqlY Video of the inauguration of the bridge between the station and the mall]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Namma Metro|green line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bengaluru]]

List of songs recorded by Zubeen Garg

2025-12-18T08:50:51Z

MochenKitche: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Zubeen Garg discography]]
{{Rcat shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Chapekar brothers

2025-11-20T15:53:01Z

MochenKitche: fix content per standard format

{{Short description|Indian revolutionaries who assassinated a British official in Pune (1897)}}
{{for|the film|Chapekar Brothers (film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
[[File:Revolutionary,_Damodar_Hari_Chapekar.jpg|thumb|Damodar Hari Chapekar]] [[File:Revolutionary, Balkrishna Chapekar.jpg|thumb|Balkrishna Chapekar]] [[File:Revolutionary, Vasudeo Chapekar.jpg|thumb|Vasudeo Chapekar]]
[[File:Chaphekar Brother's.jpg|thumb|Statue of the Chapekar brothers at, Pune]]The '''Chapekar Brothers''', '''Damodar Hari Chapekar''' (25 June 1869 – 18 April 1898), '''Balkrishna Hari Chapekar''' (1873 – 12 May 1899, also called Bapurao) and '''Vasudeo Hari Chapekar''' (1880 – 8 May 1899), also spelt Wasudeva or Wasudev, were Indian revolutionaries involved in assassinating W. C. Rand, the British Plague Commissioner of [[Pune|Poona]], after the public of Poona were frustrated with the actions of officers and soldiers appointed by him. Mahadev Vinayak Ranade was also an accomplice in the assassination.
[[File:Revolutionary Mahadev Ranade.jpg|thumb|Mahadev Ranade]] 1897
The Chapekar brothers came from [[Chinchwad| Chapa]], a small [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] in the city of Poona, [[British India]]. When the [[Third plague pandemic|bubonic plague]] hit India in 1896–97, the government had set up a Special Plague Committee for managing the pandemic, with [[Walter Charles Rand]], an [[Indian Civil Services]] officer, as its Commissioner. Over 800 soldiers were brought in to deal with the emergency. Despite orders from the government to pay heed to religious sentiments, the measures employed included entry into private houses, stripping and examination of occupants (including women) by British officers in public, evacuation to hospitals and segregation camps and preventing movement from the city. Some of these officers also vandalised properties and religious symbols. These measures were considered oppressive by the populace of Poona but their complaints were ignored by Rand. Thus, the Chapekar brothers shot Rand and his military escort, Lieutenant Ayerst, on 22 June 1897, the [[Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria]], as the British officials were returning from the celebrations at [[Government House]]. Ayerst died on the spot and Rand of his wounds on 3 July.<ref name="Plaqueport"/>

The Chapekar brothers and two accomplices ('''Mahadev Vinayak Ranade''' and '''Khando Vishnu Sathe''' [First-name not known]) were charged with the murders in various roles, as well as the shooting of two informants and an attempt to shoot a police officer. All three brothers were found guilty and hanged, an accomplice was dealt with similarly, and another, then a schoolboy, was sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment.<ref name = "Plagueport">{{cite book
| last =Echenberg
| first =Myron J.
| title =Plague Ports: The Global Urban Impact of Bubonic Plague, 1894–1901
| publisher =New York University Press
| year =2007
| location =New York
| pages =66–68
| isbn =978-0-8147-2232-9}}</ref>

==The 1897 Bubonic plague in Pune==
{{further | Third plague pandemic#Political impact in Colonial India}}
Pune, was a very important military base with a large [[cantonment]] during the British colonial rule. The cantonment had a significant European population of soldiers, officers, and their families. A number of public health initiatives were undertaken during this period ostensibly to protect the Indian population, but mainly to keep Europeans safe from the periodic epidemics of diseases like [[Cholera]], [[bubonic plague]], [[small pox]], etc. The action took form in vaccinating the population and better sanitary arrangements.<ref name="Pune">{{cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=David|title=Science, technology and medicine in Colonial India|date=2002|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge [u.a.]|isbn=9780521563192|pages=142–146|edition=Repr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bAxnPwOMd8C&q=Science,+Technology+and+Medicine+in+Colonial+India+By+David+Arnold&pg=PR6}}</ref> Given the vast cultural differences, and at times the arrogance of colonial officers, these health measures often led to public anger. However, the heavy handedness particularly bad in 1897, during the bubonic plague epidemic in the city. By the end of February 1897, the epidemic was raging with a mortality rate twice the norm (657 deaths or 0.6% of the city population), and half the city's population had fled. A Special Plague Committee was formed under the chairmanship of W.C. Rand, an [[Indian Civil Services]] officer. He brought European troops to deal with the emergency. The heavy handed measures he employed included forcibly entering peoples' homes, at times in the middle of the night and removing infected people and digging up floors, where it was believed in those days, the plague [[Yersinia pestis|bacillus bacteria]] resided. It was also required of the principal occupant of a house or a building to report all deaths and all illnesses suspected to be plague. Funerals were declared unlawful until the deaths were registered. The committee had the right to mark special grounds for giving funeral to corpses suspected to have succumbed from plague, and prohibit use of any other place for the purpose. Disobedience of the orders would subject the offender to criminal prosecution. The work of the committee began on 13 March and ended on 19 May. The total estimated plague mortality was 2091.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Arnold|editor-first1=David|title=Imperial medicine and indigenous societies|date=1988|publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester|isbn=978-0719024955|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Xi7AAAAIAAJ&q=poona+%22indigenous+civil+society+colonial+&pg=PR6}}</ref> These measures were deeply unpopular. Nationalist leader [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] fulminated against the measures in his newspapers, [[Kesari (Marathi newspaper)|Kesari]] and Maratha.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ramanna|first1=Mridula|title=Health care in Bombay Presidency, 1896–1930|date=2012|publisher=Primus Books|location=Delhi|isbn=9789380607245|pages=19–21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm14U_6JVwoC&q=mridula+ramanna&pg=PR7}}</ref> The resentment culminated in Rand and his military escort being shot dead by the Chapekar brothers on 22 June 1897.The assassination led to a re-evaluation of public health policies.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harrison|first1=Mark|title=Public health in British India: Anglo-Indian preventive medicine 1859–1914|date=1994|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge [u.a.]|isbn=978-0521441278|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PShpbwti_3EC&q=poona+sanitation+colonial+british&pg=PR8}}</ref> This led even Tilak to support the vaccination efforts later in 1906.

===Diverging opinions of the British measures===

In his report on the administration of the Puna plague, Rand wrote, "It is a matter of great satisfaction to the members of the Plague Committee that no credible complaint that the modesty of a woman had been intentionally insulted was made either to themselves or to the officers under whom the troops worked". He also writes that closest watch was kept on the troops employed on plague duty and utmost consideration was shown for the customs and traditions of the people.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Couchman
| first =M. E.
| title =Account of plague administration in the Bombay Presidency from September 1896 till May 1897.
| publisher =Government Central Press, Mumbai (then Bombay)
| year =1897
| location =Part II., Chapter I.: The five Plague Committees
| pages =89 – p.100
| url =http://www.nls.uk/indiapapers/find/vol/index.cfm?vbid=3726845&seq_no=101
| access-date =5 July 2009
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070913075546/http://www.nls.uk/indiapapers/find/vol/index.cfm?vbid=3726845
| archive-date =13 September 2007
| url-status =dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Rand
| first =W. C.
| author2 =Lamb R. A.
| title =Supplement to the account of plague administration in the Bombay Presidency from September 1896 till May 1897.
| publisher =Government Central Press, Mumbai (then Bombay)
| year =1897
| pages =1 – p.153
| url =http://www.nls.uk/indiapapers/find/vol/index.cfm?vbid=3732212&seq_no=7
| access-date =3 September 2009
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070913190300/http://www.nls.uk/indiapapers/find/vol/index.cfm?vbid=3732212
| archive-date =13 September 2007
| url-status =dead
}}</ref> A missionary, Rev. Robert P. Wilder, quoted in a contemporary ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article,<ref>The New York Times, 22 June 1897</ref> asserted that the cause of plague was native practices such as going bare-foot, the distrust of the natives about the government segregation camps; further, that houses have been shut up with corpses inside, and search parties have been going around to unearth them. The same article included reported rumours that the plague has been caused by grain hoarded for twenty years by the [[Vanika|bania]]s or grocers being sold in the market, while others felt it was [[Queen Victoria]]'s curse for the daubing of her statue with tar.<ref>{{cite news
| title =INDIA'S PLAGUE AND FAMINE; Their Horrors Described by the Rev. Robert P. Wilder, Missionary at Poona. GOVERNMENT AID CAME LATE Two Kinds of the Disease, and Both Deadly – Natives Dying by Hundreds of Hunger – Overseers Stealing the Supplies.
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| date =22 June 1897
| publication-date=22 June 1897
| url =https://www.nytimes.com/1897/06/22/archives/indias-plague-and-famine-their-horrors-described-by-the-rev-robert.html
| access-date =7 May 2009}}</ref>

In contrast to the above accounts, accounts based on local sources quote, among others, [[Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar]] as stating that the appointment of military officers introduced an element of severity and coercion in the house searches, the highhandedness of the government provoked the people of Puna, and some soldiers were beaten in the Rasta Peth locality.<ref>{{cite web
| last =Savarkar.org team
| title =Associates in Hindutva Movement: Narsimha Chintaman or Tatyasaheb Kelkar
| url =http://www.savarkar.org/en/lifesketch/veer-savarkars-associates/associates-hindutva-movement
| access-date =11 July 2009 }}</ref> Kelkar alleged that the soldiers involved in the house searches "either, through ignorance or impudence, would mock, indulge in monkey tricks, talk foolishly, intimidate, touch innocent people, shove them, enter any place without justification, pocket valuable items, etc".<ref>{{cite book
| last =Joglekar
| first =Jayawant D.
| title =Veer Savarkar Father of Hindu Nationalism
| publisher =Lulu.com
| year =2006
| pages =27
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=1J3uk3x_k6sC&dq=chapekar+dravid&pg=PA27
| isbn =1-84728-380-2}}</ref> His close associate, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], wrote: "Her Majesty the Queen, the Secretary of State and his Council, should not have issued the orders for practising tyranny upon the people of India without any special advantage to be gained... the government should not have entrusted the execution of this order to a suspicious, sullen and tyrannical officer like Rand."<ref name="Plagueport"/>

[[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] alleged in an interview with the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'', while on a visit to Britain, that soldiers "ignorant of the language and contemptuous of the customs, the sentiments and the religious susceptibilities of the [Indian] people" had been "let loose" upon the city of [[Pune|Poona]], and had "wantonly destroyed property, appropriated jewellery, burnt furniture, entered kitchens and places of worship, contaminated food, spat upon idols or broke them by throwing them on the ground, and dragged women into the streets for inspection before removal to hospitals" during house searches. Gokhale further alleged during the interview that his associated reported to him that two women were sexually assaulted by soldiers, one of whom subsequently committed suicide. Gokhale subsequently came under a storm of criticism for his claims, and eventually offered an "unqualified apology" for them, for which he came under further criticism from Indian nationalists.<ref> {{Cite book |last=Nanda |first=Bal Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&dq=gokhale+whose+word+I+can+trust+absolutely&pg=PA110 |title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj |date=2015-03-08 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-7049-3 |language=en}} </ref>

==The shooting of Rand==
On 22 June 1897, the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria was celebrated in Poona. In his autobiography, Damodar Hari writes that he believed the jubilee celebrations would cause Europeans of all ranks to go to the Government House, and give them the opportunity to kill Rand. The brothers Damodar Hari and Balkrishna Hari selected a spot of Ganeshkhind road, by side of a yellow bungalow to shoot at Rand. Each armed with a sword and a pistol. Balkrishna in addition carried a hatchet. They reached Ganeshkhind, they saw what looked like Rand's carriage pass by, but they let it go, not being sure, deciding to attack him on his way back. They reached Government House at 7.00 – 7.30 in the evening, the sun had set and darkness began to set in. A large number of people had gathered to witness the spectacle at the Government House. There were bonfires on the hills. The swords and the hatchets they carried made movement without raising suspicion difficult, so they cached them at a stone [[culvert]] near the bungalow. As planned, Damodar Hari waited at the gate of the Government House, and as Rand's carriage emerged, ran 10 – 15 paces behind it. As the carriage reached the yellow bungalow, Damodar made up the distance, and called out "Gondya ala re"(“Gondya has come,” or “here is Gondya”), a predetermined signal for Balkrishna to take action. Damodar Hari undid the flap of the carriage, raised it and fired from a distance of about a span. It was originally planned that both would shoot at Rand, so as to ensure that Rand would not live, however Balkrishna Hari lagged behind and Rand's carriage rolled on, Balkrishna Hari meanwhile on the suspicion that the occupants of the following carriage were whispering to each other, fired at the head of one of them from behind.<ref name = "Autobiography">{{cite book
| last =Chapekar
| first =Damodar
| title =Autobiography of Damodar Hari Chapekar
| publisher =From Bombay Police Abstracts of 1910
| pages=50–107
| url =https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-II/autobiography.pdf}}</ref> Lieutenant Ayerst, Rand's military escort<ref name = "Plagueport"/> who was riding in the following carriage died on the spot, Rand was taken to [[Sassoon Hospital]] where he succumbed to his injuries on 3 July 1897.

Damodar Hari was arrested in connection with the above, on the basis of information given by the Dravid brothers. In his statement, recorded on 8 October 1897, Damodar Hari, said that atrocities like the pollution of sacred places and the breaking of idols were committed by European soldiers at the time of house searches in Poona, during the plague. Chapekar tells that they wanted to "take revenge" of this. His statement was treated as a confession and he was charged under section 302 of the [[Indian Penal Code]], tried and hanged, on 18 April 1898. Balkrishna Hari absconded, and was found in January 1899, betrayed by a friend. The Dravid brothers were eliminated by Vasudeo Hari, Mahadev Vinayak Ranade and Khando Vishnu Sathe, who were arrested in their attempt to shoot police chief constable Rama Pandu later the same evening, of 9 February 1899.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

All were subsequently apprehended and tried; Balkrishna Hari pleaded not guilty and his defense lawyers included [[S. S. Setlur]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Jubilee Murders: Yesterday's Proceedings |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/19341 |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=51559 |date=March 8, 1899 |page=5}}</ref> The Chapekar brothers Balkrishna Hari and Vasudeo Hari, along with Ranade, were convicted on March 8, 1899 and sentenced to death by hanging.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Jubilee Murders. The Verdict. The Three Accused Found Guilty |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/19342 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Bombay Gazette |issue=51560 |date=March 9, 1899 |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Poona Murders. Close of the Trial. Verdict. |url=https://www.granthsanjeevani.com/jspui/handle/123456789/104662 |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=Times of India |issue=58 |date=March 9, 1899 |page=5}}</ref> Vasudev Hari was hanged on 8 May 1899, Mahadeva Vinayak Ranade on 10 May, and Balkrishna Hari on 12 May. Sathe, though a juvenile, was sentenced to 10 years' Rigorous Imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite web
| publisher = [Maharashtra Government Publication]
| title =THE REVOLUTIONARIES: CHAPEKAR BROTHERS
| url =http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-II/REVOLUTIONARY_I.pdf
| access-date =29 June 2009}}</ref>

==Coverage of the incident by international press==
An article, published in ''[[The New York Times]]'', dated 4 October 1897, reports the arrest of Damodar Chapekar Deccani, and 28 others, Ayerst's and Rand's slayers. This article states that Deccani is Damodar's last name and refers to him as such. It also terms him an advocate.<ref>{{cite news
| title =Ayerst's and Rand's slayers: Damodar Chapekar Deccani, a Brahmin Advocate and 28 Others Arrested in India
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| date = 4 October 1897
| publication-date=5 October 1897
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1897/10/05/archives/ayersts-and-rands-slayers-damodar-chapekar-deccani-a-brahmin.html
| access-date =25 June 2009}}</ref> Another dated 4 November 1897, reports the incident and the subsequent trial, it calls Damodar Chapekar a Brahmin lawyer.<ref>{{cite news
| title =Damodar Chapekar on trial
| work = [[The New York Times]]
| date =3 November 1897
| publication-date=4 November 1987
| url =https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/11/04/102099167.pdf
| access-date =25 June 2009
}}</ref> The former article says that Damodar became embittered with Europeans as he was refused enlistment in the army, by the authorities in Shimla. Both articles also mention Damodar's admission of an earlier incident of tarring of Queen Victoria's statue. On 2 February 1898, ''The New York Times'' reported the death sentence passed on Damodar.<ref>{{cite news
| title =Chapekar sentenced to die: Brahmin lawyer who killed Lieut. Ayerst and commissioner Rand.
| work = [[The New York Times]]
| date =3 February 1898
| publication-date =4 February 1898 | url =https://www.nytimes.com/1898/02/04/archives/chapekar-sentenced-to-die-brahmin-lawyer-who-killed-lieut-ayerst.html
| access-date =25 June 2009 }}</ref> ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', dated 13 February 1899, reports that a brother of Damodar Hari, who was sentenced to death for the killing of Rand and Ayerst, fired upon a [[Australian native police|native police]] officer. A connection between the shooting of the Dravid brothers on the streets of Poona is also mentioned with the shooting. It further states that Chapekar{{clarify|reason=which one|date=May 2025}} boasted of murder the Dravids and also named an accomplice, Ranade. It also reports the arrest of Chapekar and Ranade.<ref>{{cite news
| title =India: Shooting of witnesses – Native officer fired upon.
| work = The Sydney Morning Herald
| date =13 February 1899
| url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=18990213&id=B9IQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wpEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4261,1857749
| access-date =29 June 2009 }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The 1979 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language film, ''[[22 June 1897]]'', covers events prior to the assassination, the act and its aftermath.<ref>{{Cite web| last1 =Kailashnath| first1 =Dr. Koppikar| last2 =Chheda| first2 =Subhash| title =22 June 1897, Celebrating 25 years.| url =http://www.rudraa.com/main/Marathi_22_June_1897.htm| access-date =22 June 2009}}</ref> The [[Hindi]] film ''[[Chapekar Brothers (film)|Chapekar Brothers]]'' was released in 2016 and covered the same events.

An Indian [[web television series]] about the brothers in Marathi, ''Gondya Ala Re'', was released in 2019 on [[Zee5]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Gondya Ala Re'- a war cry that inspired Inquilab Zindabad! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/gondya-ala-re-a-war-cry-that-inspired-inquilab-zindabad-2228510.html |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en |date=20 August 2019}}</ref>

In 2023, the story of the Chapekar brothers was shown in episode 43 of [[DD National]]'s TV series [[Swaraj (TV series)|''Swaraj'']].

== Notes ==
{{Commons category|Chapekar brothers}}
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:brothers, Chapekar}}
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:People from Pimpri-Chinchwad]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]

Nurul Islam Jihadi

2025-10-30T05:06:29Z

MochenKitche: small changes

{{Short description|Bangladeshi Islamic scholar (1948–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{infobox religious biography
| honorific prefix = [[Allama]]
| name = Nurul Islam Jihadi
| honorific suffix =
| image = Nurul Islam Jihadi.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1948}}
| birth_place = [[Fatikchhari Upazila]], [[Chittagong District]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| father = Abdur Rashid
| mother =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| office1 = Secretary General, [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]]
| term_start1 = 26 December 2020
| term_end1 = 29 November 2021
| predecessor1 = [[Nur Hossain Kasemi]]
| successor1 = [[Sajidur Rahman]]
| office2 = Chancellor, Al Jamiatul Islamia Makhjanul Uloom
| term_start2 = 10 July 1984
| term_end2 = ????
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 = Secretary General, [[International Majlis-e Tahaffuz-e-Khatm-e Nobuwat Bangladesh]]
| term_start3 = 1990
| term_end3 = ????
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| notable_works = * Al Jamiatul Islamia Makhjanul Uloom
* [[International Majlis-e Tahaffuz-e-Khatm-e Nobuwat Bangladesh]] (1990)
* Jamia Khatamunnabiyyin, United Kingdom
* Islamic Movement Council (1978)
* ''Tajkera-e Khatib-e Azam''
| signature = Nurul Islam Jihadi's signature.png
| background = #98FB98
| era = Modern
| relatives =
| children =
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| alma_mater = * [[Darul Uloom Hathazari]]
* [[Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam]]
| main_interests = [[Hadith]], [[Fiqh]], Writing, [[Tasawwuf]], Islamic history, Islamic Movement, [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin]]
| influences = [[Muhammad Faizullah]], [[Shah Ahmad Shafi]]
| influenced = [[Mamunul Haque]]
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| death_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|29|1948|df=y}}
| resting_place =
| native_name = নুরুল ইসলাম জিহাদী
| native_name_lang = bn
| module =
}}
{{Deobandi}}
'''Nurul Islam Jihadi''' ({{langx|bn|নুরুল ইসলাম জিহাদী}}; 1948 – 29 November 2021) was a Bangladeshi [[Deobandi]] Islamic scholar, educator and spiritual figure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=29 November 2021 |title=Hefajat secretary General Nurul Islam Jihadi dies |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/hefajat-secretary-general-nurul-islam-jihadi-dies-2905521 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> He was the Secretary General of [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]] and [[International Majlis-e Tahaffuz-e-Khatm-e Nobuwat Bangladesh]], Chancellor and Shaykh al-Hadith of Al Jamiatul Islamia Makhjanul Uloom. He was also a member of the Majlis-e-Shura of [[Darul Uloom Hathazari]] and [[Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh]], founder and patron of many mosques and madrasas, including Jamia Khatamunnabiyyin in the United Kingdom.

==Name and lineage==
Jihadi was born in 1948 in [[Fatikchhari]], [[Chittagong District]].<ref name=":0" /> His father's name was Abdur Rashid.<ref name=":1" />

==Life and career==
After completing his education, he started his career as a teacher at Kaigram Madrasa in [[Patiya Upazila]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Noor |first=Abdullah |date=1 December 2021 |title=A Final Tribute to a Tireless Scholar |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/islamic-life/2021/12/01/1097109 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]]}}</ref> After teaching in Kaigram madrasa for one year, he was called to [[Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar|Babunagar madrasa]] and became a teacher there. After teaching at Babunagar Madrasa for a few years, he taught at Ashraful Ulum Bara Katara Madrasa in [[Dhaka District|Dhaka]] till 1982. At this time, after the death of his father, he went to his home and rejoined [[Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar|Babunagar Madrasa]]. On 10 July 1984, he founded Al Jamiatul Islamia Makhjanul Uloom in [[Khilgaon Thana|Khilgaon]], Dhaka district. He was the Chancellor and Shaykh al-Hadith of this seminary. He served as an important member of Majlis-e-Shura of [[Darul Uloom Hathazari]] and [[Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1966, he founded a non-political organization called "Islamic Movement Council" to resist Islamophobes. He was in the companionship of [[:bn:ছিদ্দিক আহমদ|Siddique Ahmad]] for a long time. He was the Secretary General of International Majlis-e Tahaffuj-e Khatme Nabuwat Bangladesh, established in 1990 with the aim of accelerating the anti-[[Ahmadiyya]] movement and the [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin|Khatme Nabuyat]] movement. On 26 December 2020, he was elected Secretary General of [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]] following the death of Nur Hossain Kasemi in December 2020. He remained in this post until his death.<ref name=":2" />

Jihadi died on 29 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/hefazat-secretary-general-nurul-islam-jihadi-passes-away-336211 | title=Hefazat Secretary General Nurul Islam Jihadi passes away | work=The Business Standard | date=29 November 2021 | accessdate=2 January 2023 }}</ref>

==Publications==
His books include:<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=29 November 2021 |title=মাওলানা নুরুল ইসলাম জিহাদীর সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবনী |url=https://fateh24.com/%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%93%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae-%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be/ |work=Fateh}}</ref>
*''Akhlak-e Rasul (Saw.)''
*''Bright stars''
*''The Qadiani fitna and the position of the Muslim nation''
*''Rules of Qurbani''
*''Gulshan-e Nur''
*''Asmane ilm ki chand darakhsande sitare'' (Urdu)
*''Tazkera-e Khatib-e Azam''
*''[[Saadi Shirazi|Sheikh Sadi's]] Advice''
*''Nukushe Zindegi and Pandey Namaye Nasir''
*''Qawmi Madrasa, objective method results'' etc.

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jihadi, Nurul Islam}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:People from Fatikchhari]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi male writers]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Hathazari alumni]]
[[Category:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh politicians]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh secretaries general]]
[[Category:Disciples of Shah Ahmad Shafi]]
[[Category:Al Jamiatul Arabia Nasirul Islam alumni]]

Andhra Pradesh Department of Archeology and Museums

2025-10-19T07:28:48Z

MochenKitche: enhanced content further and added references

{{short description|Department of the government of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Andhra Pradesh Department of Archeology and Museums
| logo =
| motto =
| type = Government department
| formed =
| headquarters = [[Vijaywada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| chief1_name = Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao
| chief1_position = Director
| jurisdiction =[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| agency_type = [[Tourism]]
| parent_department = Department of Tourism, [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| website = {{URL|http://aparchmuseums.nic.in}}
}}

The '''Andhra Pradesh State Department of Archaeology and Museums''' is a department of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] which oversees archaeological exploration and maintenance of [[heritage sites]] and [[museums]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was established in the year 1914 under the stewardship of [[Ghulam Yazdani|Dr. Ghulam Yazdani]]. As a result of formation of A. P. State in 1956, the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Hyderabad was expanded and it became known as Andhra Pradesh Department of Archaeology and Museums in the year 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aparchmuseums.nic.in/about.html|title=About Archaeology Department of Andhra Pradesh|date=2015|website=Andhra Pradesh Department of Archeology & Museums|accessdate=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819111821/http://aparchmuseums.nic.in/about.html|archive-date=19 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the state of [[Telangana]] was formed in 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/apr/02/vontimitta-temple-to-get-permanent-structures-in-andhra-pradesh-1795849.html|title=Vontimitta temple to get permanent structures in Andhra Pradesh|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-11-16}}</ref> the department was separated into two; leading to disputes between the two newly formed departments over historical artifacts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140822/nation-current-affairs/article/tussle-over-historic-artefacts-telangana-and-andhra-pradesh |title=Tussle over historic artefacts in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh |last= |first= |date=22 August 2014 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |publisher= |access-date=10 October 2017 |quote=}}</ref>

== Museums ==
Andhra Pradesh Department of Archaeology and Museums has 13 museums across the state.<ref name="arch-museums"/>

{{Maplink|frame=yes|zoom=5|frame-align=right|text=Museums owned by "Department of Archaeology and Museums" in Andhra Pradesh <ref name="arch-museums">{{Cite web|url=http://aparchmuseums.nic.in/?page_id=890|title=Museums – Department of Archaeology and Museums Andhra pradesh|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>|frame-lat=16.5 |frame-long=80.5
|type=point|id=Q200016|marker=museum |marker-size=medium |title=Visakhapatnam Coastal Archaeological Govt. Museum, [[Visakhapatnam]]
|type2=point|id2=Q59018|marker2=museum |marker-size2=medium |title2= Andhra Sahitya Parishad Govt. Museum and Research Institute, [[Kakinada]]
|type3=point|id3=Q1639492|marker3=museum |marker-size3=medium |title3=Sri Rallabandi Subbarao Archaeological Govt. Museum, [[Rajahmundry]]
|type4=point|id4=Q200017|marker4=museum |marker-size4=medium |title4=[[Bapu Museum, Vijayawada|Bapu Museum]], [[Vijayawada]]
|type5=point|id5=Q3120966|marker5=museum |marker-size5=medium |title5=Baudhasree Archaeological Museum, [[Guntur]]
|type6=point|id6=Q2087762|marker6=museum |marker-size6=medium |title6= [[Archaeological Museum, Amaravati|Kalachakra Museum]], [[Amaravati]]
|type7=point|coord7={{Coord|15.904|79.429}}|marker7=museum |marker-size7=small |title7=District Archaeological Site Museum, [[Chandavaram]], [[Prakasam District]]
|type8=point|coord8={{Coord|15.59|80.215}}|marker8=museum |marker-size8=small |title8=Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu Memorial Government Site Museum, Kanaparthi, [[Prakasam District]]
|type9=point|id9=Q61434|marker9=museum |marker-size9=medium |title9= District Archaeological Museum, [[Nellore]]
|type10=point|id10=Q30651|marker10=museum |marker-size10=medium |title10=[[Bhagwan Mahavir Government Museum]], [[Kadapa]]
|type11=point|id11=Q15260512|marker11=museum |marker-size11=small |title11=Dam Site Museum, Mylavaram, [[Kadapa district]]
|type12=point|id12=Q3635276|marker12=museum |marker-size12=medium |title12=District Archaeological Museum, [[Kurnool]]
|type13=point|id13=Q760144|marker13=museum |marker-size13=medium |title13=Padmasree Kalluri Subba Rao Archaeological Museum, [[Ananthapuram]]
}}

* Visakhapatnam Coastal Archaeological Govt. Museum, [[Visakhapatnam]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/archaeology-museum-opens-at-last/article8213846.ece|title=Archaeology museum opens, at last|last=Sarma|first=G. v Prasada|date=2016-02-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Andhra Sahitya Parishad Govt. Museum and Research Institute, [[Kakinada]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5GvCwAAQBAJ&q=Andhra+Sahitya+Parishad+Govt.+Museum+and+Research+Institute&pg=PA489|title=The Directory of Museums & Living Displays|last1=Hudson|first1=Kenneth|last2=Nicholls|first2=Ann|date=1985-06-18|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-07014-5|language=en}}</ref>
* Sri Rallabandi Subbarao Archaeological Govt. Museum, [[Rajahmundry]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej90QwAACAAJ|title=Sri Rallabandi Subba Rao Govt. Archaeological Museum, Rajahmundry|last1=Subrahmanyam|first1=Bandaru|last2=Reddy|first2=Emani Siva Nagi|date=2003|publisher=Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bapu Museum, Vijayawada|Bapu Museum]], [[Vijayawada]]
* Baudhasree Archaeological Museum, [[Guntur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/guntur-students-thronged-intach-poster-making-competition/articleshow/62825797.cms|title=Guntur: Students thronge INTACH poster making competition - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>
* [[Archaeological Museum, Amaravati|Kalachakra Museum]], [[Amaravati]]
* District Archaeological Site Museum, [[Chandavaram]], [[Prakasam District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20010730-series-of-robberies-at-remote-buddhist-sites-in-andhra-pradesh-exposes-neglect-of-excavated-treasures-773893-2001-07-30|title=Series of robberies at remote Buddhist sites in Andhra Pradesh exposes neglect of excavated treasures|first=Amarnath K.|last=Menon|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01|date=July 30, 2001 }}</ref>
* Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu Memorial Government Site Museum, Kanaparthi, [[Prakasam District]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/memorial-for-prakasam-pantulu-long-overdue/article29237483.ece|title=Memorial for Prakasam Pantulu long overdue|date=2019-08-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* District Archaeological Museum, [[Nellore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/States-museums-may-be-history-soon/articleshow/12407932.cms|title=State's museums may be history soon|last1=Sengupta|first1=Sudipta|date=March 26, 2012|first2=Nikhila|last2=Henry|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>
* [[Bhagwan Mahavir Government Museum]], [[Kadapa]]
* Dam Site Museum, Mylavaram, [[Kadapa district]].
* District Archaeological Museum, [[Kurnool]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/archaeological-museum-to-be-opened-on-aug-15/article7313868.ece|title=Archaeological museum to be opened on Aug. 15|date=2015-06-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Padmasree Kalluri Subba Rao Archaeological Museum, [[Ananthapuram]]

== See also ==
* {{tl|Map of museums in Andhra Pradesh}}
* [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
* [[Amaravathi Mahachaitya]]
* [[Culture of Hyderabad]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1914 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Archaeological organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Government departments of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government ministries established in 1914]]
[[Category:Subnational antiquities ministries|Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-stub}}

Mirajul Haq Deobandi

2025-10-03T01:12:03Z

MochenKitche: Started The Stub Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1910–1991)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mirajul Haq Deobandi
| native_name = معراج الحق دیوبندی
| honorific_prefix = Mawlana
| office1 = 9th Principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term_start1 = 1981
| term_end1 = 1991
| predecessor1 = [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]]
| successor1 = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
| office2 = Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband
| term_start2 = 1966
| term_end2 = 1976
| predecessor2 = Bashir Ahmad Khan
| successor2 = [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography |embed = yes
| religion = Islam
| birth_date = 1910
| birth_place = Mohalla Kotla, [[Deoband]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1991|08|18|1910}}
| death_place = Deoband, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| resting_place = [[Qasmi Cemetery]], Deoband
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], [[Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur]]
| influences = {{bulleted list|[[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]|[[Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi]]|[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]|Wasiullah Fatehpuri}}
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| disciple_of = [[Wasiullah Fatehpuri]]
| occupation = [[Islamic scholar]], teacher, administrator
| known_for = Teaching ''al-Hidayah'', ''Tafsir al-Baydawi'', and classical Arabic poetry
| notable_works =
}}
}}

'''Mirajul Haq Deobandi''' ({{lang|ur|معراج الحق دیوبندی}}; 1910 – 18 August 1991), also transliterated as '''Merajul Haq Deobandi''' or '''Mairajul Haq Deobandi''', was an Indian Islamic scholar associated with the [[Deobandi movement]]. He served at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for nearly five decades, including as principal and deputy vice-chancellor.

== Early life and education ==
Mirajul Haq Deobandi was born in 1910 (1328 AH) in the Kotla neighborhood of [[Deoband]], India. His father, Munshi Nurul Haq, was a devout and pious individual who worked in Punjab at the time of his son's early education.<ref name="wafiyyat">{{cite journal |editor-last1=Azami |editor-first1=Habibur Rahman Qasmi |editor1-link=Habibur Rahman Azami (scholar, born 1941) |title=Dhahaba Alladhina Yu'ashu fi Aknafihim, Waqa'at al-Waqi'ah |trans-title=Gone are those in whose presence life was lived; the inevitable has occurred |journal=Monthly Darul Uloom (Wafiyyat Number) |publisher=Darul Uloom Deoband |date=April–July 1996 |volume=81 |issue=7 |pages=135–143 |language=ur |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/darul-uloom-deoband-shumaara-number-007-habeebur-rahman-qasmi-magazines }}</ref>

He received his primary education in [[Barnala]], Punjab, where his father was posted. He later continued his middle-level education in Deoband and joined the Diniyat section of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], initially studying under scholars including Muhammad Yasin Deobandi. In 1345 AH, due to his father's transfer to Saharanpur, he enrolled in [[Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur]], where he studied a wide array of subjects for approximately five years, including logic, grammar, jurisprudence, and Arabic literature.<ref name="wafiyyat"/>

In Rabi' al-Thani 1339 AH, he returned to Darul Uloom Deoband and resumed his studies. He completed the [[Dars-e-Nizami]] curriculum in stages and graduated in 1352 AH (1933/34 CE), having studied texts such as ''al-Hidayah'', ''Tafsir al-Baydawi'', ''Diwan al-Mutanabbi'', and various works in hadith, philosophy, and rhetoric.<ref name="wafiyyat"/>

At Deoband, he studied under prominent scholars including [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], and [[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]]. He was especially influenced by his teacher Azaz Ali Amrohi, and was regarded among his selected students.<ref name="wafiyyat"/>

After graduating, he passed the ''Molvi Fazil'' examination from [[Punjab University]]{{dn|date=July 2025}} with high distinction (First Division).{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=138}}

== Career ==
After completing his studies, Deobandi began his teaching career in 1934 (1353 AH) at Madrasa Hashimiyya, located in Zakaria Street, [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]), where he served until 1939 (1358 AH). This initial experience established his reputation as a capable teacher.{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=138}}

He later moved to southern India to serve at Madrasa Diniyah in [[Gulbarga]], then part of Hyderabad Deccan (now in [[Karnataka]]), where he held dual responsibilities as head teacher and administrator. His success in both educational and administrative roles earned him the appreciation of his teachers and contemporaries.{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=138}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=647}}

In 1943 (1362 AH), he was invited to join the faculty of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he remained affiliated until his death in 1991. He dedicated nearly five decades of his life to teaching and academic administration at the seminary.<ref name=:"Khalili">{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date= October 2020|page=647|location=India |language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>

He was particularly known for his expertise in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh''), especially his teaching of the final volumes of ''[[al-Hidayah]]'', which gained widespread recognition among students. He also taught classical Arabic literature, including texts such as ''[[Kitab al-Hamasah|Dīwan al-Hamasah]]'' and the ''Dīwan'' of [[al-Mutanabbi]], offering detailed commentary on grammar, rhetoric, and pre-Islamic Arab culture. In the final years of his life, he also taught books of hadith, including ''[[Jami' at-Tirmidhi]]'' and ''[[Sunan Ibn Majah]]''.<ref name="Khurshid">{{cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Khurshid Hasan |title=Darul Uloom Aur Deoband Ki Tarikhi Shakhsiyat |trans-title=Historical Figures of Darul Uloom and Deoband |publisher=Maktaba Tafsir al-Qur'an |location=Deoband |pages=73–74 |edition=1st |year=2003 |language=ur |url=https://archive.org/details/BESTUBOOKSDDTS/page/n72/mode/1up }}</ref>{{Sfn|Azami|1996|pp=139–140}}

In addition to his teaching duties, he was appointed Deputy Vice-Chancellor (''Naib Mohtamim'') of Darul Uloom Deoband in 1966 (1386 AH), a position he held until 1976 (1396 AH). In 1981 (1401 AH), following the death of [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]], he was appointed Principal of the Faculty, the highest academic position at the seminary, and served in that capacity until his death.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=648, 749–750}}{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=139}}

His administrative capabilities were widely recognized, and he was known for resolving students’ issues with diligence and care.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=647}}{{Sfn|Azami|1996|pp=139–140}}

== Legacy ==
Over the course of nearly five decades, Deobandi taught a wide array of Islamic sciences including fiqh, Arabic literature, and hadith. Thousands of students benefited from his instruction, many of whom went on to become scholars and educators across the world.{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=139}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2003|p=73}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=647–648}}

Despite his administrative and academic responsibilities, he lived a simple and ascetic life. He remained unmarried and resided in a modest room within the Darul Uloom Deoband campus, dedicating himself wholly to teaching, institutional service, and student welfare. He considered the seminary not only his place of work, but also his home and spiritual center.{{Sfn|Adrawi|1994|p=245}}{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=139}}

Deobandi was also a spiritual disciple of [[Wasiullah Fatehpuri]], a senior [[Khalifa]] of [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]. He was known for his discipline, punctuality, and commitment to regular spiritual practices, particularly during the last portion of the night.{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=141}}

In recognition of his lifelong dedication, one of the main entrances of Darul Uloom Deoband was named the ''Miraj Gate'' in his honor.<ref name="Adrawi">{{cite book |last=Adrawi |first=Asir |author-link=Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|title=Tazkirah Mashaheer-e-Hind: Karwan-e-Rafta |trans-title=Biographies of Indian Luminaries: The Departed Caravan |publisher=Darul Muallifeen |location=Deoband |edition=1st |date=1994 |page=245 |language=ur |url=https://archive.org/details/Tazkira-Mashaheer-i-Hind-Karwan-i-Rafta/page/n246/mode/1up?view=theater }}</ref>

== Death ==
Deobandi died on 18 August 1991 (7 Safar 1412 AH) at the age of 83. He had been in declining health for several months prior to his death. He died peacefully at Darul Uloom Deoband, the institution to which he had dedicated his entire adult life. His funeral was attended by numerous students, colleagues, and admirers, and he was buried in the [[Qasmi cemetery]] within the seminary grounds.{{Sfn|Azami|1996|p=135}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2003|p=74}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=648}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Arif Jameel |author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri |title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband |trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars |date=2021 |edition=1st |publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy |location=Deoband |pages=464–465 |language=ar}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Principals of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]

Karma Yoga (Bhagavad Gita)

2025-10-02T13:23:54Z

MochenKitche:

{{Short description|Third chapter of the Bhagavad Gita}}
{{For|school of philosophy in Hinduism|Karma yoga|}}
{{Neutrality|date=September 2023}}
{{AI-generated|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox religious text
|image=
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=Painting of Krishna narrating the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna
|religion=[[Hinduism]]
|verses=43
|author=Traditionally attributed to [[Vyasa]]
|language=[[Sanskrit]]
|date=
|chapters=
|name=Karma Yoga
|previouslink=Samkhya Yoga (Bhagavad Gita)
|next=Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga
|nextlink=Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga
|previous=Samkhya Yoga}}
The '''{{translit|sa|Karma Yoga}}''' ({{Langx|sa|कर्मयोग|translit=Karmayoga}}) is the third of the eighteen chapters of the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''.<ref name=":0" /> This chapter comprises a total of 43 shlokas. It is also the 25th chapter of [[Bhishma Parva|''Bhishma Parva'']], the sixth book of the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |translator-last=Cherniak |translator-first=Alex |title=Mahabharata Book Six |volume=1: Bhishma (Bhīṣmaparvan) |chapter=13–24 Shocking News: Bhishma fallen |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1bmzmj1.9 |pages=105–170 |publisher=NYU Press |date=2008|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1bmzmj1.9 }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The term ''Karma Yoga'' is derived from two Sanskrit words: ''karma'' and ''yoga''.

In Sanskrit, {{translit|sa|[[karma]]}} means "action" or "deed" and refers to the actions performed by an individual, including thoughts, words, and physical activities.

{{translit|sa|[[Yoga]]}} means "union" or "connection" and signifies the process of uniting the individual self ([[Ātman (Hinduism)|''ātman'']]) with the universal consciousness or the divine (''[[Brahman]]'').

When combined, ''Karma Yoga'' is understood as the path of selfless action, where an individual performs their duties and responsibilities without attachment to the results, aiming for spiritual growth and union with the divine. It emphasises performing actions as a service or offering to the divine, without seeking personal gain or rewards.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nikhilananda |first=Swami |chapter=Spiritual Disciplines{{nbsp}}I{{nbsp}}(Karma-Yoga) |date=2021 |orig-date=First published 1958 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/hinduismitsmeani0000nikh_a6f2/page/94/mode/2up |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003226666-5 |title=Hinduism: Its Meaning for the Liberation of the Spirit |pages=94–104 |access-date=4 August 2023 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781003226666-5 |isbn=9781003226666 |s2cid=238833820 |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>

== Overview ==
'''Verses 1–3''': [[Arjuna]] expresses confusion about whether [[Krishna]] advocates renunciation of actions or active engagement in them. He seeks clarity on which path is superior.

'''Verses 4–9''': Krishna explains that both renunciation and action are essential, but selfless action is superior. He emphasises the importance of performing duties without attachment to the results.

'''Verses 10–16''': Krishna elaborates on the cosmic cycle of creation and the [[Nondualism|interconnectedness]] of all beings. He highlights that performing one's duty contributes to societal welfare and upholds the cosmic order.

'''Verses 17–24''': Krishna describes the cycle of nourishment between beings and the cosmos. He advises Arjuna to fulfil his prescribed duties and set an example for others.

'''Verses 25–30''': Krishna explains the threefold desires—[[Sattva|''sattvic'']], [[Rajas|''rajasic'']], and [[Tamas (philosophy)|''tamasic'']]—and how they influence human behaviour. He advises transcending these desires to act selflessly.{{cn|date=September 2023}}

'''Verses 31–35''': Krishna outlines the qualities necessary for success in ''Karma Yoga'', including determination, control of the mind and senses, and performing actions without attachment.

'''Verses 36–43''': Krishna urges Arjuna to act according to his inherent nature, even if he possesses knowledge. He explains that all actions should be dedicated to the divine and that disciplined action leads to liberation.

This chapter highlights the importance of performing duties selflessly and without attachment while explaining the interconnectedness of all beings within the cosmic order. It provides guidance on cultivating the right qualities for success in the path of ''Karma Yoga''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Easy to Understand Bhagavad Gita Chapter 3 by Sant Rampal Ji |url=https://bhagwadgita.jagatgururampalji.org/en/adhyay-3/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=bhagwadgita.jagatgururampalji.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Content ==
{{translit|sa|Karma Yoga}}, as elucidated in the [[Bhagavad Gita|''Bhagavad Gita'']], is a profound spiritual path that advocates selfless action and detachment from the fruits of one's deeds. It is both a philosophical approach to life and an art of righteous living, emphasising the performance of one's duties with dedication and devotion, without being influenced by the desire for personal gain or specific outcomes.

The essence of {{translit|sa|Karma Yoga}} lies in recognising that action is an inevitable part of life. Individuals are constantly engaged in various activities—physical, mental, and emotional. This path encourages performing these actions with mindfulness, sincerity, and a sense of duty while relinquishing attachment to their results.

[[Krishna]], in the ''Bhagavad Gita'', advises [[Arjuna]] to embrace his [[dharma|''dharma'']] (duty) as a warrior and fulfil it without hesitation. He emphasises that one must not be driven by desires, success, or failure but rather offer the results to the Divine. By doing so, individuals can free themselves from the bondage of [[karma|''karma'']] and attain liberation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carruth |first=Lauren |title=Love and Liberation: Humanitarian Work in Ethiopia's Somali Region |date=2021 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759475.003.0008 |chapter=From Crisis to Liberation |pages=162–170 |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, New York |doi=10.7591/cornell/9781501759475.003.0008 |isbn=9781501759482}}{{irrelevant citation|date=September 2023}}</ref>{{irrelevant citation|date=September 2023|reason=This book appears to be about humanitaianism in Ethiopia; if it is relevant here, please provide a quotation}}

The practice of {{translit|sa|Karma Yoga}} is not about inaction or [[renunciation]] but about performing actions as a means of self-purification and spiritual growth. It transforms mundane activities into acts of devotion and service to the Divine. This process enables individuals to let go of selfish desires and egocentric motives, leading to a state of [[equanimity]] and inner peace.

Through ''Karma Yoga'', individuals cultivate a sense of universal love and compassion. They understand the interconnectedness of all living beings and recognise that their actions affect the entire cosmos. By acting selflessly and benevolently, they contribute positively to the world, fostering harmony and goodness.

''Karma Yoga'' is a transformative path that elevates individuals from self-centredness to selfless service. By performing actions with dedication, detachment, and devotion, one can attain spiritual growth, liberation from ''karma'', and a deeper understanding of their true nature. This path offers a way to live a purposeful life, making every action an offering to the Divine and a step towards ultimate realisation.<ref name="yog garima">{{Cite journal |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/yogarima |title=Home page for the journal ''Yog-garima'' website|journal=Yog-garima |publisher=International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration|doi=10.52984/yogarima |id=[Journal information page]|url-access=subscription}}{{fcn|date=September 2023}}</ref>{{fcn|date=September 2023}}

== Themes ==
The practice of ''Karma Yoga'', as described in the ''Bhagavad Gita'', encompasses several essential themes that guide its philosophy and principles. The key themes of ''Karma Yoga'' include:
* '''Selfless Action''': The central theme of ''Karma Yoga'' is altruism or selfless action. It emphasises performing one's duties and responsibilities without any expectation of personal gain or reward. The focus is on acting for the greater good and offering the results of actions to the Divine.
* '''Detachment''': ''Karma Yoga'' teaches detachment from the fruits of one's actions. Practitioners are advised to remain unaffected by success or failure and to act with equanimity. This detachment helps individuals break free from the cycle of desires and karmic consequences.
* '''Duty and ''Dharma''''': Understanding and fulfilling one's duty ([[dharma|''dharma'']]) is another significant theme in ''Karma Yoga''. It encourages individuals to recognise their unique roles and responsibilities in life and to carry them out with dedication and sincerity.
* '''Surrender and Trust''': ''Karma Yoga'' advocates surrendering the ego and trusting in divine will. By accepting that outcomes are beyond one's control, practitioners learn to rely on a higher power and have faith in the cosmic order.
* '''Transcending Action''': Through ''Karma Yoga'', individuals can elevate ordinary actions to a spiritual level. Mundane tasks become acts of devotion when performed with the right attitude and motive, leading to spiritual growth and inner transformation.
* '''Universal Love and Compassion''': Practising ''Karma Yoga'' fosters universal love and compassion towards all beings. By recognising the interconnectedness of all life, practitioners treat others with empathy and kindness.
* '''Equanimity''': Maintaining mental equanimity in the face of success and failure is an important aspect of ''Karma Yoga''. It helps individuals remain calm and balanced, unaffected by external circumstances.
* '''Liberation and Freedom''': Ultimately, the goal of ''Karma Yoga'' is liberation (''moksha'') from the cycle of birth and death. By performing selfless actions and breaking free from the bondage of karma, individuals attain spiritual freedom and the realisation of their true nature.
* '''Holistic Living''': ''Karma Yoga'' promotes a holistic approach to life. It encourages individuals to integrate spiritual principles into all aspects of their daily activities, leading to a harmonious and purposeful existence.

The themes of ''Karma Yoga'' revolve around selfless action, detachment, duty, surrender, universal love, and liberation. By practising these principles, individuals can lead a life of purpose, spiritual growth, and inner peace.<ref name="yog garima"/>

== Three ''gunas'' ==
In ''Karma Yoga'', the three {{translit|sa|[[Guṇa|guna]]s}} (qualities or attributes) from Hindu philosophy play a significant role. These ''gunas'' are fundamental forces that influence human behaviour, thoughts, and actions. The three ''gunas'' are:
* {{translit|sa|Sattva}} (purity, harmony): {{translit|sa|[[Sattva]]}} represents the quality of purity, harmony, and balance. When one's actions are guided by ''Sattva'', they perform selfless actions with a sense of duty, devotion, and compassion. ''Sāttvic'' actions are characterised by wisdom, clarity, and a focus on the well-being of others. Practising ''Karma Yoga'' with a ''Sāttvic'' mindset leads to spiritual growth and liberation.{{cn|date=October 2023}}
* {{translit|sa|Rajas}} (activity, passion): {{translit|sa|[[Rajas]]}} embodies the quality of activity, passion, and restlessness. When ''Karma Yoga'' is influenced by ''Rajas'', individuals may perform actions with a strong desire for personal gain, recognition, or success. There might be attachment to results, leading to fluctuations in motivation and emotional instability.<ref>{{Citation |title=rajas, n. |date=2023-03-02 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/7886969241 |work=Oxford English Dictionary |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/oed/7886969241 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{translit|sa|Tamas}} (inertia, ignorance): {{translit|sa|[[Tamas (philosophy)|Tamas]]}} represents the quality of inertia, ignorance, and darkness. When ''Karma Yoga'' is influenced by ''Tamas'', individuals may neglect their duties, act lazily, or engage in actions that cause harm to others. ''Tamas'' can obstruct the path of selfless service and hinder spiritual progress.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sargeant |first=Winthrop |title=The Bhagavad Gītā |date=2009 |publisher=Excelsior ed |isbn=978-1-4384-2841-3 |edition= |location=Albany (N. Y.) |pages=331}}</ref>

In ''Karma Yoga'', the goal is to transcend the influence of the lower {{translit|sa|gunas}} ({{translit|sa|rajas}} and {{translit|sa|tamas}}) and cultivate {{translit|sa|sattva}}, the pure and harmonious quality. By performing actions with selflessness, dedication, and detachment, practitioners elevate their actions to a higher level, turning them into a means for spiritual growth and self-realisation.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Bhagavad-Gītā |date=1973 |publisher=Oxford Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-19-501666-6 |editor-last=Zaehner |editor-first=R. C. |location=London |pages=161–163}}</ref>

The teachings of the ''Bhagavad Gita'' encourage individuals to be aware of the {{translit|sa|gunas}} influencing their actions and strive to purify their thoughts and intentions. By doing so, they can align their ''Karma Yoga'' practice with ''Sattva'', leading to a more profound spiritual journey and ultimately attaining liberation.<ref name="jicpr">{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Amiya Bhushan |date=2018-01-09 |title=Aristotle, Plato and Bhagvad Gita on the 'Soul' |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40961-017-0127-5 |journal=Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=279–295 |doi=10.1007/s40961-017-0127-5 |issn=0970-7794 |s2cid=256469242|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Arjuna Vishada-yoga|Arjuna Vishada Yoga]]
* [[Sankhya Yoga (Bhagvad Gita)|Samkhya Yoga]]
* [[Gyana-Vigyana Yoga|Jnana-Vijana Yoga]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bhagavad Gita]]
[[Category:Karma in Hinduism]]

Jambukesvarar Temple, Nallichery

2025-08-16T03:30:48Z

MochenKitche: Done.

{{short description|Shiva temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Jambukesvarar Temple, Nallicheri
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Jambukeswarar Temple, Nallicheri, [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8736|N|79.1774|E|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| location = [[Thanjavur]]-[[Kumbakonam]] main road, Nallicheri
| elevation_m = 57.74
| deity = Jambukesvarar ([[Shiva]]), Akilandesvari ([[Parvathi]])
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Jambukesvarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Lord Siva]] located in Nallicheri of [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

== Location ==
This temple is situated at Nallicheri, at distance 13 km from Thanjavur in [[Thanjavur]]-[[Kumbakonam]] main road. A beautiful arch entrance having the stucco figures of Siva and Vishnu welcomes the devotees. This road leads to Nallichery which is one km from that place. This temple can be reached through Pasupatikovil, the fifth sacred place of the Chakkarappalli Saptastana.<ref name=ns/>

==Saptamagai sthalam==
This temple is one of the seven shrines associated with ''[[Saptamartrikas]]'' (seven female deities in [[Shiva|Siva]] temple).<ref name=dinamani>[https://www.dinamani.com/religion/religion-news/2018/jun/14/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF---1-2939517.html கடம்பூர் விஜயன், சப்தமங்கைத் தலங்கள், பகுதி 1, அரியமங்கை, தினமணி, 16 சூன் 2018]</ref><ref>[http://kungumam.co.in/APArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=2673&id1=94&id2=0&issue=20150601 சப்தமாதர்களும் சக்தியின் அம்சங்களே, ஆன்மிகம்]</ref> Matrikas are the different forms [[Adi Parashakti]]. Matrikas are the personified powers of different [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]. [[Brahmani (Matrika)|Brahmani]] emerged from [[Brahma]], [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] from [[Vishnu]], [[Maheshvari]] from [[Shiva]], [[Sachi|Indrani]] from [[Indra]], [[Kaumari]] from [[Kartikeya|Skanda]], [[Varahi]] from [[Varaha]] and [[Chamunda]] from [[Devi]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leeming |first1=David |last2=Fee |first2= Christopher|date=2016 |title=The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjO6CwAAQBAJ&dq=matrikas&pg=PT33 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=9781780235387 }}</ref> and additionals are [[Narasimhi]], [[Vinayaki]]. This is one of the Saptamangai sthalams, seven sacred places devoted to Devi.<ref name=dinakaran>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |title=சாதிக்க வைக்கும் சப்த மங்கை தலங்கள்!, தினகரன், 12 அக்டோபர் 2018 |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603052847/http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are also called as Saptastanam of Chakkarappalli.<ref name=ns> Ayyampet N.Selvaraj, Study on the Saptastanam (Seven Sacred Places) of Chakkarappalli in Thanjavur District, Nehru Trust for the Indian Collections at the Victoria & Albert Museum, New Delhi, May 2011 </ref> They are:
* [[Chakravageswarar Temple|Chakkarappalli]]
* [[Harimukteesvarar Temple, Ariyamangai|Ariyamangai]]
* [[Kiruthivakesvarar Temple, Sulamangalam|Sulamangalam]]
* Nallicheri
* [[Pasupatheesvarar Temple, Pasupathikovil|Pasupathikovil]]
* [[Chandramouleesvarar Temple, Thazhamangai|Thazhamangai]]
* [[Tirupullamangai|Pullamangai]]

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity in the [[garbhagriha]] is represented by the ''[[lingam]]'' known as Jambukesvarar. The Goddess is known as Akilandesvari. The presiding deity is facing east. The western [[gopura]] entrance which is found in the west of the shrine was set up during renovation. The entrance gate has a window, through which the graveyard of Nallichery could be seen. It is so set up that the ray of the fire which is lit during the burning of the corpses would reflect on linga. Shiva is worshipped by [[Sun]] during February/March for three days in the evening. At that time the rays of the Sun would fall on the presiding deity.
The shrine of the Goddess is found in the north of the [[mandapa]]. The Goddess is found in sitting posture. She is with four hands. While two hands hold mala and flower respectively other two hands are in abaya and varada postures.<ref name=ns/> Nandhi worshipped this place and a sculpture depicting it could be seen in this temple. As in [[Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval|Tiruvanaikka]], the names of Presiding deity and Goddess are found as Jambukesvarar and Akilandesvari.<ref name=dinakaran/>

==Temple structure==
The temple premises, in an area of 74 m x 50 m are found with a wall and one [[prakara]]. One has to enter the temple through the main entrance which is found in the southern wall. Through this entrance, the shrine of Goddess could be reached. After entering the southern entrance, a vault type [[mandapa]]. There are shrines of two [[Ganesha|Vinayaka]]s, [[Kartikeya|Subramania]] with his consorts [[Valli]], [[Nataraja]] and [[Gajalakshmi]] are found. In the east of the prakara, shrines of [[Bhairava]] and [[Navagraha]] are found. In the north of garbagriha [[Chandeshvara Nayanar|Chandikesvarar]] shrine is found. Temple tirtta, known as temple tank, is Uppukaichikkulam and in the south Sorudayan Vaikkal known as Gautama Madhi and Devagatha tirtta are found.<ref name=ns/> This place is also called as Nandhimangai. Vaishnavi one of the Saptamatas worshipped this deity. Anavidyanatha Sharma along with his wife came and worshipped here.<ref name=dinakaran/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Saptha Stana Temples}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]

Raju Bhatkal

2025-07-30T04:47:08Z

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{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}

{{Infobox cricketer
|name=Raju Bhatkal
|batting=Right-handed
|bowling=Right-arm medium
|role=All-rounder
|full_name=Raju Ravi Bhatkal
|birth_place=Belgaum, Karnataka
|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1985|09|01}}
|club1=[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|year1=2011–2013
|source=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/raju-bhatkal-27150 ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Raju Bhatkal''' (born 1 September 1985) is an Indian former first-class cricketer. He played as a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler for Karnataka in the Ranji Trophy, one day games and Inter-State T20 tournament. Other teams he played for included [[Malnad Gladiators]] and IPL Franchise [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]].

He made his Ranji debut in 2006–07 against Saurashta at Rajkot, scoring 42 runs batting at number nine and taking three wickets for 53 runs.
He made his debut with [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] on 29 September 2011, scoring 25 runs in 18 balls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.championsleaguecricket.in/2011/09/29/clt20-cricket-live-rcb-vs-kkr/ |title=The Leading Champion League Cricket Site on the Net |publisher=Championsleaguecricket.in |date= |accessdate=28 April 2013 |archive-date=31 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831125543/http://www.championsleaguecricket.in/2011/09/29/clt20-cricket-live-rcb-vs-kkr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatkal, Rajoo}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Karnataka cricketers]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:People from Belgaum]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Karnataka]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

Avudainathar Temple, Darasuram

2025-07-25T21:47:02Z

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{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
[[File:Darasuram avudayanathasamy temple1.jpg|thumb|Entrance]]
'''Avudainathar Temple''' is a [[Shiva]] Temple in [[Darasuram]], Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>[http://www.shivatempleintamilnadu.thirukalukundram.in/shiva%20temples/Thanjavur.html Lord Shiva Temple in Thanjavur District, Sl.Nl.71, அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ ஆவுடைநாதர் திருக்கோயில், தாராசுரம் ,தஞ்சாவூர்]</ref>

==Location==
The temple is located at Kammalar street in Darasuram in [[Kumbakonam]]-[[Thanjavur]] road.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==Kumbakonam Sapta Stana Temple==
This is one of the [[Saptha Stana Temples]] of Kumbakonam. During the [[2016 Mahamaham|Mahahaman of 2016]] the palanquin festival was held on 7 February 2016.<ref>கும்பகோணம் ஆதிகும்பேஸ்வரசுவாமி கோயிலில் சப்தஸ்தான பல்லக்கு வெள்ளோட்டம், தினமணி, 8 பிப்ரவரி 2016</ref> Following the tirttavari held at Mahamaham tank on 21 April 2016, the palanquin festival of the Sapta Stana Temples were held on 23 April 2016.<ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/edition_trichy/tanjore/2016/04/22/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE/article3393484.ece ஆதி கும்பேஸ்வரர் கோயிலில் ஏழூர் பல்லக்கு பெருவிழா, மகாமகக்குளத்தில் தீர்த்தவாரி, தினமணி, 22 ஏப்ரல் 2016]</ref> The festival which started from [[Adi Kumbeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Kumbesvara Temple]] at the 7.30 p.m. of 23 April 2016 completed on the morning of 25 April 2016 after going to the following temples.

* [[Adi Kumbeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam]]
* [[Amirthakadeswarar Temple, Sakkottai]]
* Avudainathar Temple, Darasuram
* [[Kabartheeswarar Temple]]
* [[Kottaiyur Kodeeswarar Temple]]
* [[Kailasanathar Temple, Melakaveri]]
* [[Swaminatha Swamy Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Saptha Stana Temples}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Station

2025-07-24T12:22:52Z

MochenKitche:

{{short description|Building in India}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Station
| name_official =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption= Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Station in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates = {{coord|22|22|16.3|N|82|44|17.9|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| country = India
| location = [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| status = Operational
| construction_began =
| commissioned = Unit 1: March 30, 2007 Unit 2: December 11, 2007
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner = [[Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company]]
| operator =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Coal]]
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| ps_units_operational= 2 X 250 MW
| ps_units_manu_model =
| th_cogeneration =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity= 500 [[Megawatt|MW]]
| ps_electrical_cap_fac=
| website =
| extra =
}}
The '''Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Station''' is a 500-megawatt (MW) [[coal-fired power station]] at Korba East in Chhattisgarh, India. The power station is owned and operated by [[Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company]], publicly owned generation utility formed in 2009 following the restructuring of the Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board.<ref>Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company, [http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/powerstations/Thermal%20Stations/Thermal%20Common%20Link.htm "Thermal power stations"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111164455/http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/powerstations/Thermal%20Stations/Thermal%20Common%20Link.htm |date=2013-11-11 }}, Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company website, accessed February 2012.</ref>

==Capacity==
The installed capacity of the power plant in 500 MW (2x250 MW).

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Unit Number !! Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Status !! Date of Commissioning
|-
| 1 || 250 || Running || 2007 March <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/powergen/installed_capacity.htm |title=About Us |accessdate=2013-08-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818231224/http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/powergen/installed_capacity.htm |archivedate=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 250 || Running || 2007 December
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Portal|Energy}}
{{Power stations of Chhattisgarh}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dr._Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_Thermal_Power_Station]

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Korba district]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2007]]

Shilahara

2025-07-20T09:03:48Z

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#REDIRECT [[Shilahara dynasty]]

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Satyendranath Bosu

2025-07-12T07:28:09Z

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#REDIRECT [[Satyendranath Basu]]

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Bharata (Mahabharata)

2025-07-05T10:31:23Z

MochenKitche: brief refine details for consistency further and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| name = Bharata
| texts = [[Mahabharata]]
| dynasty = [[Chandravamsha]]
| image = Raja Ravi Varma - Mahabharata - Bharata.jpg
| caption = Painting of Bharata, Raja Ravi Varma
| predecessor = [[Dushyanta]]
| successor = [[Bhumanyu]]
| children = [[Bhumanyu]], [[Bharadvaja]] {{small|(adopted)}}
| parents = [[Dushyanta]] (father), [[Shakuntala]] (mother)
| spouse = Sunanda<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&dq=sunanda+two+wives+bharata&pg=PT544 | isbn=9781465526373 | title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete) | publisher=Library of Alexandria }}</ref> Two unnamed wives<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISJxtfn8k-UC&dq=bharata+bharadvaja+son&pg=PA36 | isbn=9788177558784 | title=An Introduction to Epic Philosophy: Epic Period, History, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions and Mythology | year=2004 | publisher=Cosmo Publications }}</ref>
}}{{short description|King featured in the Mahabharata}}
{{about|legendary king Bharata of Mahabharata|the figure from Hindu Epic Ramayana|Bharata (Ramayana)|other uses|Bharat (disambiguation)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bharata (''Mahabharata'')}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}

'''Bharata''' ({{langx|sa|भरत|Bharata}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01075.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXXIV|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/mbs/mbs01069.htm|title=The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 69|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> is a legendary emperor featured in [[Hindu texts|Hindu literature]]. He is a member of the [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamsha]] dynasty, and becomes the [[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|Chakravarti]] (Chakra possessing emperor).<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=11 April 2009 |title=Bharata, Bhārata, Bharatā, Bharaṭa: 44 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/bharata#hinduism-general |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> He is regarded to be the ancestor of the [[Pandava]]s, the [[Kaurava]]s, [[Brihadratha]] and [[Jarasandha]].

The legend of Bharata is featured in the [[Adi Parva]] of the [[Mahabharata]], where he is mentioned as the son of [[Dushyanta]] and [[Shakuntala]].<ref name="Apte">{{cite book|last1=Apte|first1=Vaman Shivaram|title=Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary|year=1959|publisher=Prasad Prakashan|location=Poona|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:2619.apte|chapter=भरतः|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113234218/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:2619.apte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Buitenen">{{cite book|last1=Buitenen|first1=J. A. B. van|author-link1=J. A. B. van Buitenen|title=Mahabharata Book I: The book of beginnings|date=1973|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226846637|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oe5fY5_3UC|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> The story of his parents and his birth is related in [[Kalidasa]]'s famous play, ''[[Abhijñānashākuntala]]''. He is a descendant of [[rajarshi]] [[Vishvamitra]].

According to popular tradition, [[Names for India|Bhārata]],<ref>[[Julius Lipner]] (2010) "Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices.", p.23</ref> one of the traditional names of the [[Indian subcontinent]], is named after Bharata.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vyasa |first=Dwaipayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egw_EAAAQBAJ&dq=bharata+named+after+mahabharata&pg=PT2643 |title=The Mahabharata of Vyasa: (Complete 18 Volumes) |date=24 August 2021 |publisher=Enigma Edizioni |pages=2643 |language=en}}</ref>

Many depictions call him as [[Digvijaya (conquest)|Digvijaya]] [[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|Chakravartin]] [[Emperor|Samrāj]] Sarvadamana Bharata ({{Langx|sa|दिग्विजय-चक्रवर्तिन्-सम्राज्-सर्वदमन भरत|links=no|lit=The World-conquering Bharata, who is victorious wherever he goes, whose chariot wheels are always turning, who rules over Kings|translit=digvijaya-cakravartin-samrāj-sarvadamana bharata}}; {{IPA|sa|d̪ɪg.ʋɪ.dʑɐˈjɐ tɕɐk.ɾɐ.ʋɐɾˈt̪ɪn̪ s̪ɐmˈɾɑːdʑ s̪ɐɾ.ʋɐ.d̪ɐ.mɐˈn̪ɐ bʰɐ.ɾɐˈt̪ɐ}}).{{Citation required|date=January 2024}}

==Legend==
===Mahabharata ===
The [[Mahabharata]] states that King Dushyanta was once hunting in the forests, when he arrived at the [[Ashram|ashrama]] of Sage [[Kanva]]. In the sage's absence, his adoptive daughter, Shakuntala welcomed Dushyanta, who became smitten by her beauty. Shakuntala revealed the story of her birth- how she was raised by Sage Kanva after she was born from the union of the celestial nymph, Menaka, and Sage [[Vishvamitra]]. Dushyanta expressed his desire to marry Shakuntala, who consented on the condition that Dushyanta must crown the son born of their union the king. Dushyanta agreed and married Shakuntala according to the Gandharva marriage. Afterwards, Dushyanta left for his kingdom. Meanwhile, Sage Kanva learnt about Shakuntala's marriage to Dushyanta and revealed that she would give birth to an emperor. In due course, Shakuntala gave birth to Dushyanta's son and named him Sarvadamana, who had the sign of a Chakra on his right hand (indicating that he was destined to be an emperor). Sarvadamana was born with the strength of 10,000 elephants, and even as a child, he was capable of subduing and taming wild beasts. A few years later, Sage Kanva advised Shakuntala to take her son to Dushyanta. However, Shakuntala was taken aback when Dushyanta expressed unfamiliarity towards her and her son. However, a divine voice confirmed that Sarvadamana was indeed the son of Dushyanta and renamed the child as Bharata. Dushyanta admitted that he was aware of Bharata being his son, but did not acknowledge out of fear that people would doubt his paternity.

Eventually, Bharata became the king and conquered the world. The Drona Parva states that Bharata performed 1,800 Ashwamedha Yagnas, 100 Rajasuya Yagnas, and hundreds of Vajapeya Yagnas. Bharata's grandfather, Sage Kanva, officiated all his sacrificial rituals, and the emperor donated countless horses and 10 trillion gold coins to his grandfather. Bharata married three princesses of Vidarbha, though the sons born of these wives were so cruel that they were slain. Bharata propitiated the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] for a son, and they gave him a boy, whom he named Vitatha, also called Bharadvaja. According to another account, Bharadvaja blessed Bharata with a son named Bhumanyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=28 January 2019 |title=Story of Bharadvāja |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241462.html |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> Bharata ruled for twenty-seven thousand years, and therefore, the kingdom that he inherited and expanded came to be known as Bhārata, named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=28 January 2019 |title=Story of Bharata |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241463.html |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

===Abhijñānaśakuntalā===
[[File:Abhijñānaśākuntalam.jpg|thumb|Statue of Abhijñānaśākuntalam book at [[Kalidas Dih]] in the Uchchaith village of the Madhubani district in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of Bihar]]
According to a dramatised version of the events by the poet [[Kalidasa]], the king [[Dushyanta]] married [[Shakuntala]] on his hunting expeditions in forests. He was captivated by Shakuntala's beauty, courted her in royal style and married her. He then had to leave to take care of affairs in the capital.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kālidāsa. |title=Theater of memory : the plays of Kālidāsa |publisher=Columbia University Press |others=Miller, Barbara Stoler. |year=1984 |isbn=0231058381 |location=New York |pages=109, 122 |oclc=10299417}}</ref> She was given a ring by the king, to be presented to him when she was ready to appear in his court. Shakuntala gave birth to her child who was named ''Sarvadamana'' by the sage Kashyapa. Surrounded only by wild animals, Sarvadamana grew to be a strong child and made a sport of opening the mouths of tigers and lions and counting their teeth.{{sfn|Ganguly|2006|pp=130–132}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Macfie |first=J. M |title=Myths and Legends of India |publisher=Rupa & Co. |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7167-131-1 |location=New Delhi |page=323}}</ref>

=== Children ===
Bharata had a son named Bhúmanyu. The Adi Parva of ''Mahabharata'' tells two different stories about Bhúmanyu's birth. The first story says that Bharata married Sunanda, the daughter of Sarvasena, the King of the Kashi kingdom and begot upon her the son named [[Bhumanyu]].<ref name="sacred-texts1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116130453/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm |url-status=dead |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV|archive-date=16 January 2010|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> According to the second story, Bharata had three wives, and nine sons from them. But these sons were not as their father and incapable of being his successor. Seeing Bharata's dissatisfaction, his wives in wrath slew all of their sons. Then Bhúmanyu was born out of a great sacrifice that Bharata performed with the help of the sage [[Bharadvaja]].<ref name="mahabharata-resources">{{cite web |url=http://mahabharata-resources.org/bharata.html |title=Bharata's sons |website=mahabharata-resources.org}}</ref>

The [[Skanda Purana]] gives another account of the adopted son of Bharata. When [[Angiras|Angiras']] son, Utathya's wife Mamata was pregnant, Utathya's younger brother [[Brihaspati]] moved by desire sought Mamata. But the child in her womb obstructed the deposition of Brihaspati's semen. Instead the child was delivered by Mamata. Mamata and Brihaspati started to quarrel over the guardianship of the child. At last they left the infant boy abandoned. The [[Maruts|Maruta]] gods adopted the boy and named him Bharadvaja. When the wives of Bharata killed all their sons, the Marutas gave Bharadvaja to Bharata. Bharadvaja, also known as Vitatha, became the king.<ref>Bhagavata Bhagavata Purana Skandha IX Chapter 20</ref>

==See also==
* [[Raghu]]
* [[Ikshvaku]]
* [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{citation |last=Ganguly |first=KM |title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa
|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07065.htm |edition= Drona Parva Section LXVIII|year=2006 |orig-year=1883 |publisher=Sacred Texts }}
* {{citation |last= Mackenzie|first=Donald A|title=Indian Myth and Legend, CHAPTER IX: Prelude to the Great Bharata War|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/iml/iml14.htm |year=2004 |orig-year=1913 |publisher=Sacred Texts }}

{{Mahabharata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Kings in Indian mythology]]
[[Category:Lunar dynasty]]

Hari ke kalan

2025-06-24T08:30:20Z

MochenKitche: Entry.

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Issues|
{{onesource|date=August 2023}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hari ke kalan
| other_name = Bari hari
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.481152|N|74.704318|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muktsar district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| Editor =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Nagar panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| population_total = 8024
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 152025
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| area_total_ha = 2854
| leader_title = Political Leader
| leader_name = Gursant Singh Brar
}}

'''Hari Ke Kalan''' village is located in the [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]] district of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. It is situated 22 km away from Sri Muktsar Sahib, which is both [[district]] & sub-district headquarters of the village.<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Hari Ke Kalan Pin Code - 152025, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search muktsar Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/punjab/muktsar/hari-ke-kalan-pincode-152025.html |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is 2854 hectares. Hari Ke Kalan has a total population of 8,024 people, out of which the male population is 4,212 while the female population is 3,812. The [[literacy rate]] of Hari Ke Kalan village is 51.57% out of which 55.48% of males and 47.25% of females are literate.

Hari Ke Kalan village is administrated by a [[sarpanch]] who is the elected representative of the village by the [[Panchayati raj|local elections]]. As per 2019 stats, Hari ke Kalan village comes under [[Giddarbaha|Gidderbaha]] assembly constituency & [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]] parliamentary constituency. [[Bariwala]] is nearest town to Hari ke kalan village for all major economic activities.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sri Muktsar Sahib district]]