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Surya Kiran (director)

2026-05-03T23:57:53Z

MichalKohn: Creating new info more to come

{{Short description|Indian director (1974–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{infobox person
| name = Surya Kiran
| birth_name = Suresh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1974|09|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| other_names = Master Suresh
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|03|11|1974|09|06|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = Film director, actor
| spouse = [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] (divorced)
| yearsactive = 1978{{Dash}}2020
| relatives = [[Sujitha]] (sister)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/child-actor-in-my-dear-kuttichathan-passes-away-1.9397354|title='My Dear Kuttichathan' child artist Surya Kiran dies|publisher=Mathrubhumi }}</ref>
}}

'''Surya Kiran''' (6 September 1974 – 11 March 2024) was an Indian director and actor who worked in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil-language films]]. He was known for directing ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]''. He died on 11 March 2024 due to [[jaundice]] and other complications.<ref name="thehansindia.com">{{Cite web |date=13 September 2020 |title=Bigg Boss fame Suryakiran: Unknown facts about the director |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-fame-suryakiran-unknown-facts-about-the-director-645318 |website=thehansindia.com |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822064112/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-fame-suryakiran-unknown-facts-about-the-director-645318 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=Director Surya Kiran eliminated from 'Bigg Boss' Telugu |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-surya-kiran-eliminated-bigg-boss-telugu-132989 |website=The News Minute |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822063904/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-surya-kiran-eliminated-bigg-boss-telugu-132989 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Kiran worked as a child actor in 200 films under the stage name Master Suresh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 Sep 2020 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 contestant Surya Kiran: From 'Master Suresh' to 'Satyam' Surya Kiran, everything you need to know about the director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-contestant-surya-kiran-from-master-suresh-to-satyam-surya-kiran-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-director/articleshow/77933511.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822063902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-contestant-surya-kiran-from-master-suresh-to-satyam-surya-kiran-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-director/articleshow/77933511.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Surya Kiran made his directorial debut with the successful ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]'' (2003) and went on to direct other Telugu-language films.<ref name="D">{{Cite web |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranita |date=3 April 2017 |title=Satyam director set for comeback |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/030417/satyam-director-set-for-comeback.html |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823050822/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/030417/satyam-director-set-for-comeback.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In a review of ''Satyam'', one critic praised his direction and called it a highlight of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyam |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/satyam-review-telugu-pclvyrgfhcjge.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519060854/http://www.sify.com/movies/satyam-review-telugu-pclvyrgfhcjge.html |archive-date=19 May 2015 |website=Sify |access-date=16 September 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie review - Sathyam |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-satyam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314001244/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-satyam.html |archive-date=2019-03-14 |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> He participated in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] reality show [[Bigg Boss Telugu|''Bigg Boss 4'']] and was the first contestant to get eliminated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4's first evicted contestant Surya Kiran: I couldn't survive because the rest were doing anything to grab footage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4s-first-evicted-contestant-surya-kiran-i-couldnt-survive-because-the-rest-were-doing-anything-to-grab-footage/photostory/78111076.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926033948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4s-first-evicted-contestant-surya-kiran-i-couldnt-survive-because-the-rest-were-doing-anything-to-grab-footage/photostory/78111076.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2020 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 teaser: Surya Kiran and Amma Rajasekhar pull Karate Kalyani's leg; say 'she shooed away rats in the house with her catwalk' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-teaser-surya-kiran-and-amma-rajasekhar-pull-karate-kalyanis-leg-say-she-shooed-away-rats-in-the-house-with-her-catwalk/articleshow/77978287.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101170059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-teaser-surya-kiran-and-amma-rajasekhar-pull-karate-kalyanis-leg-say-she-shooed-away-rats-in-the-house-with-her-catwalk/articleshow/77978287.cms |archive-date=1 January 2021 |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> He planned to make a comeback as a director in 2017, but the film was stuck in development limbo.<ref name="D" />

== Personal life ==
Surya Kiran was born to father T. S. Mani and mother Radha at [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. His family is from [[Trivandrum]], Kerala. His younger sister [[Sujitha]] Dhanush is also an actress.
Kiran was briefly married to [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] before they divorced.<ref name="thehansindia.com" />

==Death==
He died from [[jaundice]] at a hospital in Chennai, on 11 March 2024 at 9:30am, at the age of 49.<ref name="Telugu film director Surya Kiran dies at 48 due to ill-health">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Telugu film director Surya Kiran dies at 48 due to ill-health |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/telugu-film-director-surya-kiran-dies-due-to-jaundice-2513357-2024-03-11 |access-date=11 March 2024 |date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311164914/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/telugu-film-director-surya-kiran-dies-due-to-jaundice-2513357-2024-03-11 |archive-date=11 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Surya Kiran: ‘సత్యం’ దర్శకుడు సూర్యకిరణ్‌ కన్నుమూత |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/satyam-movie-director-surya-kiran-passed-away/0210/124048551 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==
; As an actor
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Snehikkan Oru Pennu]]'' (1978) (Malayalam)
*''[[Kallukkul Eeram]]'' (1980) (Tamil)
*''[[Savithiri (1980 film)|Savithiri]]'' (1980) (Tamil)
*''[[Thee (1981 film)|Thee]]'' (1981) (Tamil) (uncredited)
*''[[Mouna Geethangal]]'' (1981) (Tamil)
*''Sathyabhama'' (1981) (Telugu)
*''[[Kadal Meengal]]'' (1981) (Tamil) (uncredited)
*''[[Ranga (1982 film)|Ranga]]'' (1982) (Tamil)
*''[[Nandri Meendum Varuga]]'' (1982) (Tamil)
*''[[Darling, Darling, Darling]]'' (1982) (Tamil)
*''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]'' (1983) (Tamil)
*''[[My Dear Kuttichathan]]'' (1984) (Malayalam)
*''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' (1984) (Tamil)
*''[[Deivapiravi (1985 film)|Deivapiravi]]'' (1985) (Tamil)
*''[[Geraftaar]]'' (1985) (Hindi)
*''[[Neethiyin Marupakkam]]'' (1985) (Tamil)
*''[[Mangamma Sabadham (1985 film)|Mangamma Sabadham]]'' (1985) (Tamil)
*''[[Babu (1985 film)|Babu]]'' (1985) (Hindi)
*''[[Padikkadavan (1985 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' (1985) (Tamil)
*''[[Dosti Dushmani]]'' (1986) (Hindi)
*''[[Rakshasudu (1986 film)|Rakshasudu]]'' (1986) (Telugu)
*''[[Manithan (1987 film)|Manithan]]'' (1987) (Tamil)
*''[[Donga Mogudu]]'' (1987) (Telugu)
*''[[Swayam Krushi]]'' (1987) (Telugu)
*''[[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]]'' (1987) (Tamil)
*''[[Sankeertana]]'' (1987) (Telugu)
*''[[Khaidi No. 786]]'' (1988) (Telugu)
*''Veguchukka Pagatichukka'' (1988) (Telugu)
*''[[Mappillai Sir]]'' (1988) (Tamil)
*''[[Sonthakkaran]]'' (1989) (Tamil)
*''[[Kondaveeti Donga]]'' (1990) (Telugu)
{{Colend}}

; As a director
*''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]'' (2003) (Telugu)
*''[[Dhana 51]]'' (2005) (Telugu)
*''[[Brahmastram]]'' (2006) (Telugu)
*''[[Raju Bhai]]'' (2007) (Telugu)
*''Chapter 6'' (2010) (Telugu)

; Television
*''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)]]'' (2020)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kiran, Surya}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver disease]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]

Force (film series)

2026-05-02T08:32:19Z

MichalKohn: stub!

{{For|other films of the same name|Force (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Force
| director = {{Ubl
| [[Nishikant Kamat]]
| [[Abhinay Deo]]
| Bhav Dhulia
}}
| producer = {{Ubl
| [[Vipul Shah]]
| [[John Abraham]]
}}
| writer = {{Ubl
| Ritesh Shah
| Parveez Shaikh
| Jasmeet K. Reen
| Abhinay Deo
| Simaab Hashmi
}}
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[John Abraham]]
| [[Genelia D'Souza]]
| [[Vidyut Jamwal]]
| [[Raj Babbar]]
| [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
| [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]
| [[Harshvardhan Rane]]
| [[Tanya Maniktala]]
}}
| music = {{Ubl
| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| Gourov-Roshin
| [[Amaal Mallik]]
| [[Ravi Basrur]]
}}
| cinematography = {{Ubl
| [[Ayananka Bose]]
| Imre Juhasz
| Mohana Krishna
}}
| editing = {{Ubl
| Aarif Shaikh
| [[Amitabh Shukla]]
| Sanjay Sharma
| Sumeet Kotian
}}
| studio = {{Ubl
| Sunshine Pictures
| [[J.A. Entertainment]]
}}
| distributor = {{Ubl
| [[Fox Star Studios]]
| [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
}}
| released = {{Film date|2011|09|30|''[[Force (2011 film)|1]]''|2016|11|18|''[[Force 2|2]]''}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Force''''' is an Indian [[Action film|action-thriller]] [[film series]] produced by [[Vipul Shah]]. It stars [[John Abraham]] in the lead role. The first instalment ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'', directed by [[Nishikant Kamath]], released on 30 September 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2011-09-30 |title=Force Movie: Review {{!}} Release Date (2011) {{!}} Songs {{!}} Music {{!}} Images {{!}} Official Trailers {{!}} Videos {{!}} Photos {{!}} News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/force/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> The second instalment ''[[Force 2]]'', directed by [[Abhinay Deo]], released on 18 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/548824|title=Force 2 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=17 July 2015 |archive-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721135539/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/548824|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Overview==
===''Force'' (2011)===
{{main|Force (2011 film)}}

[[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Yashvardhan "Yash" Singh ([[John Abraham]]) Yash, is in the hospital, recalling the accident that changed his life forever. Yash is a dutiful, responsible and stone-hearted police officer in the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] whose only passion in life is crime-fighting. He has no family or loved ones and has been alone in life since he can remember. Everything changes when Yash meets Maya ([[Genelia D'Souza]]), an independent and lovely woman. Though the two get off to a rocky start, Maya warms up to him once she realises he is a police officer, and apologises for the misunderstandings they had. When Maya gets hit by a car in front of Yash, he rushes her to the hospital. The two bond and start to meet and go out regularly. Maya confesses her love to Yash, but Yash refutes her advances, as he does not want her to become his weakness in his professional life. However, Swati ([[Sandhya Mridul]]), the wife of Yash's coworker and good friend, convinces Yash that he is in love with Maya as well and Yash decides to marry her.

In the big drug case the unit is investigating, Yash, along with officers from the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]], DSP Mahesh Pande (Ameet M Gaur) who is transferred on special duty from the New Delhi Income Tax Department, [[Inspector]] Atul Kalsekar ([[Mohnish Bahl]]) and Inspector Kamlesh, kills Reddy ([[Mukesh Rishi]]) while he is peddling drugs. Yash, Mahesh and Kamlesh are suspended for killing Reddy instead of arresting him. Reddy's heartless and aggressive brother Vishnu Shetty ([[Vidyut Jamwal]]) vows to avenge his brother's death by killing all of the officers. Yash and the other officers prepare themselves for Vishnu, but Vishnu successfully breaks into Mahesh's home and brutally murders him after raping his wife Rachana ([[Anaitha Nair]]). The event leaves Yash and the other officers shaken but Yash and Maya's marriage take place. Meanwhile, Vishnu decides to attack each of the officers' weaknesses; he kidnaps Swati, Atul's wife, and Atul is forced to tell him where Yash will be that night. Yash and Maya consummate their marriage; however, this proves to be their first and last night together.

Yash is shot and Maya is kidnapped in the attack. Yash miraculously survives the attack. Vishnu tells Atul that he will release Swati if Atul kills Yash. However, Atul cannot bring himself to kill his friend and instead joins forces with Yash to execute a plan against Vishnu and save Maya and Swati. Yash, Atul and Kamlesh all go to the place where Vishnu has been keeping Maya and Swati hostage and find, in horror, that Swati has been murdered. In despair and heartbreak, Atul kills himself after seeing Swati's body. Yash and Kamlesh go together and face Vishnu in a final confrontation. Kamlesh is shot but survives. Vishnu shoots Maya in front of Yash and drops her from the second floor. Yash catches her but is unable to save her. Maya assures Yash that she has gotten her wish of being with him and dies in Yash's arms. Anger and sorrow build up in Yash and he brutally finishes off Vishnu, exacting his revenge.

Yash is shown living alone again, having returned to his professional life. Kamlesh calls Yash and tells him that he has found a new informer. Yash turns to Maya's photo before leaving and says that he will be coming home late.

===''Force 2'' (2016)===
{{main|Force 2}}

ACP Yashvardhan "Yash" Singh (John Abraham) is a no-nonsense police officer who has maintained his passion for crime fighting despite losing his wife, Maya (Genelia D'Souza) five years ago and suffering from hallucinations about her. He soon receives news of a murder of three [[Research and Analysis Wing|R.A.W.]] agents, one of whom was his best friend Harish.

Yash suddenly receives a clue that Harish left before dying; the clue indicates that a spy is working in the Budapest embassy and is planning to destroy the [[Research and Analysis Wing|R.A.W.]] team. Yash sends the information to the Intelligence Bureau director and R.A.W. head Anjan. Anjan suggests to Yash that he should team up with the Eastern European junior in-charge [[Sub Inspector]] Kamaljeet "KK" Kaur ([[Sonakshi Sinha]]) and go to [[Budapest]]. Yash and KK reach the safe house in Budapest but suddenly are struck by a blast. After escaping the attack, Yash tells her about the clue that someone from the Budapest embassy is leaking information and the location of R.A.W. agents.

Yash and KK shift to the hotel to find out more about embassy employees. She finds three suspects from database while he investigates alone with five employees who were included in database and they have party in club. Yash gets fourth suspect in whom he believes to be real culprit, as KK does not believe. The fourth suspect is revealed to be Shiv Sharma ([[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]), a mastermind terrorist who has a mission to destroy R.A.W. by providing locations and informations of R.A.W. agents to his Chinese spies. Yash and KK decides to lure anyone in glass art museum by giving fake mail for Chinese spy recruitment. Shiv decodes the location and reaches with first suspect. After some investigation KK realizes that Yash was right, Yash goes to Shiv's home to track him down but Shiv later runs away, KK tries to catch Shiv but gets knocked by him. They arrest Shiv after a chase and decides to bring him to India at any cost. In every attempt they have to fight Shiv's men. They have failed to save another R.A.W. agent in train station underground. In final attempt Shiv gets shot and gets rushed to the hospital. Yash later learns that Shiv is alive then gets taunted and hinted by him. Yash checks KK's watch and realizes that tracking chip was placed in it when she was knocked.

Yash and KK take help from club dancer Martinez, who is used to help her. He suspects Martinez that she might not help him but in order to get Shiv's location he accepts offer for having one night stand with her. After having location Yash and KK finds Shiv's hideout but in chase they have failed to catch Shiv. Shiv then shifts another location and kills two more R.A.W. agents. Yash's suspicion turns true when Martinez is revealed to be working for Shiv.

After having another location Yash goes to another Hideout to collect a clue, indicating the real birth date of Shiv. He learns from his colleague living in Mumbai that Shiv was dead ten years ago and realizes that it was his fake identity. Yash sends whole intelligence bureau team to orphanage at where Shiv was raised and learns that Shiv's real name is Rudra Pratap Singh, a son of former R.A.W. agent Karan Pratap Singh who has been working for R.A.W. from 30 years, he was disowned by Cabinet minister Brijesh Yadav and was killed, Rudra's mother has also committed suicide in this shock, at this process Yash realizes that Rudra wanted revenge not from R.A.W. but from Brijesh. Yash declines to go to Berlin when his suspicion is proven right and instead goes to the Indo-Hungarian summit meeting to hunt down Rudra.

In summit, KK is now able to shoot Brijesh but leaves him alive, Yash then defeats all Rudra's men. Rudra kills all men guarding Brijesh but gets stopped by KK before shooting Brijesh dead, Rudra tells his real identity to Brijesh and his plan to kill total 17 R.A.W. agents in Hong Kong. Yash confronts and shoots Rudra, Yash then forces Brijesh in the process to remove negative label from all R.A.W. agents and Rudra dies. Brijesh completes the work and gets interviewed. Maya's vision tells Yash that KK is his better love then her. This film ends with Yash and KK reunited together happily and watching Brijesh in news. This message shows unsung heroes or R.A.W. agents who died to save India.

=== ''Force 3'' (2027) ===
The third instalment in the series ''Force 3'' will be directed by Bhav Dhulia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-02 |title=EXCLUSIVE: John Abraham reboots Force; Teams up with Bhav Dhulia for Force 3 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-john-abraham-reboots-force-teams-up-with-bhav-dhulia-for-force-3-1396355 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[John Abraham]], [[Harshvardhan Rane]], and [[Tanya Maniktala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-11-05 |title=Harshvardhan Rane signs Force 3 for Rs 15 crore fee: Reports : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/harshvardhan-rane-signs-force-3-rs-15-crore-fee-reports/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-09-27 |title=John Abraham teams up with Meenakshi Chaudhary in Force 3: Report : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/john-abraham-teams-meenakshi-chaudhary-force-3-report/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast and characters==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Character
! colspan="2" | Film
|-
! width:20%;"| ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011)
! width:20%;"| ''[[Force 2]]'' (2016)
|-
! Yashvardhan "Yash" Singh
| colspan="2" | [[John Abraham]]
|-
! Maya Singh
| [[Genelia D'Souza]]
| Genelia D'Souza {{small|(Cameo appearance)}}
|-
! Zonal Director Manish Singh Rajput
| [[Raj Babbar]]
| Raj Babbar {{small|(Cameo appearance)}}
|-
! Atul Kalsekar
| [[Mohnish Bahl]]
| {{N/A|Photo only}}
|-
! Kamaljit Kaur/ K.K
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
|-
! Vishnu Reddy
| [[Vidyut Jamwal]]
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
|-
! Rudra Pratap Singh
| style="background:#d3d3d3;"|
| [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]
|}

== Crew ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="3" | Film
|-
! style="width:25%;"| ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011)
! style="width:25%;"| ''[[Force 2 ]]'' (2016)
! style="width:25%;"| ''Force 3'' (2027)
|-
!Director
|[[Nishikant Kamat]]
|[[Abhinay Deo]]
|Bhav Dhulia
|-
!Writer(s)
|[[Ritesh Shah]] [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] (story)
|Parveez Sheikh Jasmeet K. Reen
|Simaab Hashmi
|-
!Producer(s)
|[[Vipul Shah]]
|Vipul Shah John Abraham
|Sheel Kumar Shahbaz Alam John Abraham Sandeep Leyzell Minnakshi Das
|-
!Cinematography
|[[Ayananka Bose]]
|Imre Juhasz Mohana Krishna
|Ayananka Bose
|-
!Editor(s)
|Aarif Sheikh
|[[Amitabh Shukla]] Sanjay Sharma
|Sumeet Kotian
|-
!Composer(s)
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|Gourov Roshin [[Amaal Mallik]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ravi Basrur]]
|-
!Background Score
|[[Sameer Phaterpekar]]
|Prasad Sathe
|-
!Production Company
|Sunshine Pictures
|Sunshina Pictures JA Entertainment
|JA Entertainment Karolina Corporation
|-
!Running Time
|138 minutes
|127 minutes
|
|-
!Release Date
|30 September 2011
|18 November 2016
|
|}

==Release and revenue==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Film
! style="text-align:center;"| Release date
! style="text-align:center;"| Budget
! style="text-align:center;"| Box office revenue
|-
| ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' || 30 September 2011 || {{INRConvert|28|c|year=2011|mode=historical}} || {{INRConvert|40|c|year=2011|mode=historical}}<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3551&nCat=|title=Force Falls Heavily in Second Weekend|publisher=BoxofficeIndia.com|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013115144/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3551&nCat=|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Force 2]]'' || 18 November 2016 || {{INRConvert|41|c|year=2016|mode=historical}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/force-2-box-office-collection-day-2-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-352918-2016-11-20|title=Force 2 box office collection Day 2: John-Sonakshi's action forces demonetisation to bow down|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811031840/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/force-2-box-office-collection-day-2-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-352918-2016-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{INRConvert|58.8|c|year=2016|mode=historical}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-force-2/|title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Force 2|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=19 November 2016|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223074305/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-force-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Total
! style="text-align:center;"| {{INRConvert|69|c}}
! style="text-align:center;"| {{INRConvert|98.8|c}}
|}

==Game==
An official game based on ''[[Force 2]]'' (2016) was launched after the release of the film by [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama Digital Media]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/official-game-of-force-2-starring-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-launched-4388283/|title=Official game of Force 2, starring John Abraham, Sonakshi Sinha launched|date=21 November 2016|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=14 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714111200/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/official-game-of-force-2-starring-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-launched-4388283/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kaakha Kaakha|''Kaakha Kaakha'']], a 2003 Tamil film, on which ''Force'' is based on.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1992138|title=Force}}
* {{IMDb title|5156746|title=Force 2}}
* {{IMDb title|38524912|title=Force 3}}

[[Category:2011 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Action film series]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Viacom18 Studios films]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]

List of politicians from Kerala

2026-05-01T14:24:30Z

MichalKohn: new page...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{incomplete list|date=May 2012}}

The following is a '''list of politicians from [[Kerala]]''', a state in [[India]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Image !! Political parties associated !! Constituency !! Offices held
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>A</big>'''
|-
| [[V.S. Achuthanandan]] || [[File:V. S. Achuthanandan 2008.jpg|100px]] || [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|30px]] [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || [[Malampuzha]] ||
|-
| [[E. Ahamed]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-G. Devarajan All India Forward Bloc
| [[K. R. Gouri Amma]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[A.K. Antony]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>B</big>'''
|-
| [[E. Balanandan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-c k chandrappan
| [[E. K. Imbichi Bava]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[E. T. Muhammed Basheer]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Veliyam Bhargavan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>C</big>'''
|-
| [[P. T. Chacko]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Oommen Chandy]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/kerala-chief-minister-Ummen-chandy-gives-up-vigilance-portfolio-after-probe-order/articleshow/9540035.cms | title=Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy gives up vigilance portfolio after probe order | newspaper= The Economic Times | date=9 August 2011 | accessdate=4 May 2012}}</ref> || [[File:Oommen Chandy, Chief Minister of Kerala.jpg|100px]] || [[Indian National Congress]] || Puthuppally || (31 August 2004 – 18 May 2006)
|-
| [[Ramesh Chennithala]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>G</big>'''
|-
| [[A. K. Gopalan]]/AKG (1904 - 1977) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[K.P.R. Gopalan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Susheela Gopalan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Chadayan Govindan]] (late) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>H</big>'''
|-
| [[T.K. Hamza]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[M. M. Hassan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
|| [[M. M. Hassan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>I</big>'''
|-
| [[Thomas Isaac]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>J</big>'''
|-
| M. T. Jacob || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Sindhu Joy]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[T.S. John]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[P.J. Joseph]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>K</big>'''
|-
| [[K. Karunakaran]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-was-k-karunakaran-442836 | title=Who was K Karunakaran? | publisher=NDTV | agency=Press Trust of India | date=23 December 2010 | accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref> |||| || ||
|-
| [[C. Kesavan]] (1891 - 1969) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[C.H. Mohammed Koya]] (1927 - 1983) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>M</big>'''
|-
| [[Vakkom Majeed]] (1909 - 2000) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[K.M. Mani]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Mathai Manjooran]] (1912 - 1970) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[C. Achutha Menon]] (1913 - 1991) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[V. K. Krishna Menon]] (1897 - 1974) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Aryadan Muhammed]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[K. Muraleedharan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Joseph Mundassery]] (1903 - 1977) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[M. K. Muneer]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>N</big>'''
|-
| [[P.K. Vasudevan Nair]] (1926 - 2005) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]] (1909 - 1998) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[E.K. Nayanar]] (1919 - 2004) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>P</big>'''
|-
| [[C.V. Padmarajan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[P. Govinda Pillai]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[P. Krishna Pillai]] (1906 - 1948) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]] (1885 - 1970) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Vakkom Purushothaman]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Vakkom B Purusothaman new governor of Mizoram |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/vakkom-b-purusothaman-new-governor-of-mizoram/articleshow/9839329.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2 September 2011|accessdate=2011-09-08}}</ref> || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[V. N. Purushothaman]] (late) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>R</big>'''
|-
| [[Azhikodan Raghavan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[M.V. Raghavan]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[P. Rajendran]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Vayalar Ravi]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>S</big>'''
|-
| [[M. P. Abdussamad Samadani]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[R. Sankar]] (1909 - 1972) || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Nalakath Soopy]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[V.M. Sudheeran]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[M. Swaraj]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>T</big>'''
|-
| [[T. V. Thomas]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>V</big>'''
|-
| [[T. M. Varghese]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
| [[Pinarai Vijayan]] || {{dash}} || ||[[Chief Minister of Kerala]] (present) ||
|-
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''<big>W</big>'''
|-
| [[P.V. Abdul Wahab]] || {{dash}} || || ||
|-
|}

==See also==
{{portal|India|Politics}}
* [[List of political leaders from Kerala]]
* [[List of politicians from Bihar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politicians of Kerala, List of}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Kerala]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kerala| ]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala politics-related lists|Politicians]]

Income Tax Service (Group B)

2026-04-29T05:19:03Z

MichalKohn: put up a details initial version.

{| class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; width: 27em"
|+'''Income Tax Service, Group 'B' '''
|-
! cellpadding="1" colspan="12" style="background:#4682B4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"|Service Overview
|-
| '''Formed'''
| 1953
|-
|'''Headquarters'''
|[[North Block|Cabinet Secretariat]] [[Raisina Hill]], [[New Delhi]]
|-
| '''Country'''
| {{Flag|India}}
|-
| '''Training Grounds'''
| 1. [[National Academy of Direct Taxes]] ([[Nagpur]])
|-
| '''Controlling Authority'''
| [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
|-
| '''Legal Personality'''
| Governmental Federal law enforcement
|-
| '''General Nature'''
| Taxation Revenue Administration
|-
| '''Cadre Size'''
| 3904 (Income Tax)
|-
! cellpadding="1" colspan="15" style="background:#4682B4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"|Service Chief
|-
| '''[[CBDT Chairman]]'''
| Ravi Agarwal, [[Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)|IRS]]
|-
! cellpadding="1" colspan="12" style="background:purple; color:#fff; text-align:center;"|Head of the Civil Services
|-
|
|'''[[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary]]''' Current: Shri [[T. V. Somanathan|T.V. Somnathan]] IAS
|}

The '''Income Tax Service, Group 'B'''' ([[Hindi]]: आयकर सेवा, ग्रुप 'बी') is the [[revenue service]] of the [[Government of India]]. It is the feeder service of the premier and elite [[Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)|Indian Revenue Service]]. The service functions under the Department of Revenue in the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Union Ministry of Finance]] and is concerned with the collection and administration of the various [[Direct tax|direct]] accruing to the [[Government of India|Union Government]].

All officers of and up to the rank of Income Tax Officer belong to Group B (Income Tax officer (ITO) is gazetted while those below the rank of Income Tax Officer are non-gazetted). On reaching the rank of Assistant Commissioner they are accorded IRS (Group A) by the [[President of India]].<ref>http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/ Official Website of Income Tax Department of India</ref><ref>http://www.irsofficersonline.gov.in/ Official Website of Indian Revenue Service</ref>
<ref>http://www.irctc.co.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/ |date=2007-03-03 }} official</ref>

==Ranks of the ITS==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
!
! scope="col" | Position / Pay Grade in the Government of India
! scope="col" | Level and Rank
! scope="col" | [[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence]] (As per Presidential order)
! scope="col" |Equivalent Position or Designation in the State Government(s)

|-
! scope="row" | 1
|47600 (6th pay Grade Pay-4800) and Senior Scale of Grade Pay of 5400 after 04 years in Pay Band-II
|'''Income Tax Officer/[[Special Agent]] of Income Tax CID /Additional Assistant Director'''
|
|Deputy Superintendent of Police/Assistant Commissioner of Police
|-

! scope="row" | 2
|44900 (6th pay Grade Pay-4600) in Pay Band-II
|'''Inspector of Income Tax / [[Special agent|Agent]] of Income Tax CID / Entry Level'''
|
|Inspector of Police
|-

! scope="row" | 3
|Basic 35400 (6th pay Grade Pay-4200) in Pay Band-II
|'''Office Superintendent'''
|
|Sub Inspector of Police
|-

! scope="row" | 4
|25500 (6th pay Grade Pay-2400) in Pay Band-I
|'''Tax Assistant''' / Entry-level
|
|Assistant Sub Inspector of Police
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of Income Tax Department officer ranks]]
* [[Civil Services of India]]
* [[All India Services]]
* [[Corruption in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/ Official Website of Income Tax Department of India]
* [http://www.irsofficersonline.gov.in/ Official Website of Indian Revenue Service]
* [http://www.nadt.gov.in/ Training Academy for Members of Indian Revenue Service - Income Tax]
* [http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Income Tax Service, Group 'B'}}
[[Category:Central Civil Services (India)]]
[[Category:Income Tax Department of India]]

East Bengal FC in international football

2026-04-26T14:54:10Z

MichalKohn: post!

{{Short description|none}}
{{main|East Bengal FC}}
{{about|East Bengal men's team in international football|their records and statistics|List of East Bengal FC records and statistics|the East Bengal women's team in international football|East Bengal FC (women)#Performance in Asian competitions}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox continental football
| continent = AFC
| title = East Bengal in International Football
| image = [[File:22 September 1953 - Jugantor - East Bengal vs Torpedo Moscow.png|350px]]
| image_size =
| caption = East Bengal vs Dynamo Torpedo, at the Central Dynamo Stadium in Moscow (21 August 1953).
| club = {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| most capped player =
'''AFC Cup''' [[Mehtab Hossain]] (34)
| top scorer =
*'''All Competitions''' [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (11)
*'''Asian Club Championship''' [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]] (8)
*'''Asian Cup Winners' Cup''' [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (8)
*'''AFC Cup''' [[Cristiano Junior]] and [[Chidi Edeh]] (6)
| first entry = [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985–86]]
| last entry = [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]]
| asean cup = {{Collapsible list
|title=1
|1=[[2003 ASEAN Club Championship|2003]]}}
| afc cup =
}}
[[East Bengal Football Club]] is an Indian [[association football]] club based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], which competes in the top tier of Indian football. The club was formed when the vice-president of Jorabagan, Suresh Chandra Chaudhuri, resigned when Jorabagan sent out their starting eleven but with the notable exclusion of defender Sailesh Bose who was dropped from the squad for reasons not disclosed when they were about to face [[Mohun Bagan]] in the Coochbehar Cup Semi-Final on 28 July 1920. He along with Raja Manmatha Nath Chaudhuri, Ramesh Chandra Sen, and Aurobinda Ghosh, formed East Bengal, in Jorabagan home of Suresh Chandra on 1 August 1920; 99 years ago.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal">{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|title=THE RISE OF EAST BENGAL CLUB|work=East Bengal Football Club|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818124203/http://eastbengalfootballclub.com/legacy.php|archive-date=18 August 2012|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref> East Bengal started playing in the [[Calcutta Football League]] 2nd division from 1921 and in 1925 they qualified for the first division for the first time and since then they have won numerous titles in Indian Football.<ref name="RiseofEastBengal"/>

East Bengal joined the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] since its inception in 1996<ref name="NFL9697">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india97.html|title=India 1996/97|work=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611104712/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india97.html#nfl1|archive-date=11 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the only club to play all seasons till date, even after its name change to [[I-League]] in 2007.<ref name="stats">{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/nfl-ileague-stat.html|title=East Bengal's performance in NFL / I League|work=East Bengal Club|accessdate=2 November 2019|archive-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107193232/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/nfl-ileague-stat.html|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal have won the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] thrice: 2000–01, 2002–03 and 2003–04 and became runners up 7 times, the most number of times by any Indian football club. Among other trophies, East Bengal have won the [[Calcutta Football League]] 39 times, [[IFA Shield]] 28 times, [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] 8 times and the [[Durand Cup]] 16 times.<ref name=trophylist>{{Cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/trophyroom.html|title=East Bengal Club - Trophy Room|website=eastbengalclub.co.in|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114010717/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/trophyroom.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Apart from domestic success, East Bengal club has been extremely successful among Indian football clubs in the international arena, having won four trophies on foreign soil including the famous [[ASEAN Club Championship]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=30 September 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/10-things-about-east-bengal-isl-clubs-must-know/chfah8z3ndrh10hnu8caln1md#94svgfsrrko1hr3gk4ehwk1b|title=10 things about East Bengal which every ISL club must know|work=Goal|accessdate=6 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701133820/https://www.goal.com/en-in/lists/10-things-about-east-bengal-isl-clubs-must-know/chfah8z3ndrh10hnu8caln1md#94svgfsrrko1hr3gk4ehwk1b|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cocacolacup>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=29 May 2020|url=https://www.badgeb.com/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-became-the-champions-of-central-asia/|title=THROWBACK: When East Bengal FC became the Champions of Central Asia!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055529/https://www.badgeb.com/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-became-the-champions-of-central-asia/|archive-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>

==Major appearances==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Competition
!No. of appearances
!Seasons
!Best result
|-
|'''[[AFC Champions League|Asian Club Championship]]'''{{efn|name=fn1}}
|2
|[[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985–86]], [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship|1998–99]]
| align="center" | Group stages ([[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|1985–86]])
|-
|'''[[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]'''
|5
|[[1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1991–92]], [[1993-94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1993–94]], [[1994-95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1994–95]], [[1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1995]], [[1997-98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1997–98]]
| align="center" | Quarter-finals ([[1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|1991–92]])
|-
|'''[[AFC Champions League Two]]'''{{efn|name=fn2|Was known as [[AFC Cup]] from 2004 till 2024 and is now known as the AFC Champions League Two since 2024.}}
|9
|[[2004 AFC Cup|2004]], [[2005 AFC Cup|2005]], [[2008 AFC Cup|2008]], [[2010 AFC Cup|2010]], [[2011 AFC Cup|2011]], [[2012 AFC Cup|2012]], [[2013 AFC Cup|2013]], [[2015 AFC Cup|2015]], [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Two|2024–25]]
| align="center" |'''Semi-finals''' ([[2013 AFC Cup|2013]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-clubs-in-asia-the-historic-runs-that-inspired-us-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023012035/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-clubs-in-asia-the-historic-runs-that-inspired-us-all|title=The Last Goal – Remembering Cristiano Junior|first=Soumo|last=Ghosh|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=22 September 2021|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=23 October 2021|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[AFC Challenge League]]'''
|1
|[[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]]
| align="center" |Quarter-finals ([[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|2024–25]])
|}
{{Notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=fn1|Was known as [[AFC Champions League]] from 2002 till 2024 and is now known as the AFC Champions League Elite since 2024.}}
{{efn|name=fn2|Was known as [[AFC Cup]] from 2004 till 2024 and is now known as the AFC Champions League Two since 2024.}}
}}

==Participation record==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+ [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] Tournaments<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/afccompetitions-stat.html|title=East Bengal - Performance in AFC Tournaments|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522213551/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/afccompetitions-stat.html|archive-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>
! Season
! Competition
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"|1985–86
| [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship#Central Asia (Coca-Cola Cup)|Central Asia Champions' Cup]]
| style="background:gold" |Champions
| <ref name=cocacolacup/>
|-
| [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship|Asian Club Championship]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=acc85>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup86.html|title=Champions' Cup 1985/86|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=7 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007003106/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup86.html#cc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1991–92
| [[1991–92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| style="background:skyblue" | Quarter Finals
| <ref name=acw91>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup92.html|title=Cup Winners' Cup 1991/92|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233851/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup92.html#cwc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1993–94
| [[1993–94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| Second Round
| <ref name=acw93>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup94.html|title=Cup Winners' Cup 1993/94|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530201112/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup94.html#cwc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1994–95
| [[1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| First Round
| <ref name=acw94>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup95.html|title=Cup Winners' Cup 1994/95|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706182054/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup95.html#cwc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1995–96
| [[1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| Second Round
| <ref name=acw95>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup96.html|title=Cup Winners' Cup 1995/96|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711033610/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup96.html#cwc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1997–98
| [[1997–98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| Second Round
| <ref name=acw97>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup98.html|title=Cup Winners' Cup 1997/98|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212553/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup98.html#cwc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1998–99
| [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship|Asian Club Championship]]
| First Round
| <ref name=acc98>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup99.html|title=Champions' Cup 1998/99|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=8 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208154739/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup99.html#cc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2003–04
| [[2004 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| style="background:skyblue" | Quarter Finals
| <ref name=afc04>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup04.html|title=AFC Cup 2004|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=25 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225122521/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup04.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2004–05
| [[2005 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc05>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup05.html|title=AFC Cup 2005|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926162025/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup05.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2007–08
| [[2008 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc08>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup08.html|title=AFC Cup 2008|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523192041/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup08.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2009–10
| [[2010 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc10>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2010.html|title=AFC Cup 2010|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321080755/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup2010.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2010–11
| [[2011 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc11>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2011.html|title=AFC Cup 2011|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811013743/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup2011.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2011–12
| [[2012 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc12>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2012.html|title=AFC Cup 2012|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306060926/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup2012.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2012–13
| [[2013 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| style="background:#c96" | Semi Finals
| <ref name=afc13>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2013.html|title=AFC Cup 2013|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222152154/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/ascup2013.html#afc|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–15
| [[2015 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| Group stage
| <ref name=afc15>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2015.html|title=AFC Cup 2015|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821094647/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup2015.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024–25
| [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Two|AFC Champions League Two]]
| Preliminary stage
|<ref name=EBAltynAsyr>{{cite web|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|date=14 August 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-loses-2-3-to-altyn-asyr-afc-champions-league-2-prelims-ebfc-vs-altyn-goals-highlights/article68525928.ece|title=East Bengal loses 2-3 to Altyn Asyr in AFC Champions League 2 prelims, will play in Challenge League|work=Sportstar|accessdate=15 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League|AFC Challenge League]]
| style="background:skyblue" |Quarter finals
|
|-
|}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Invitational Tournaments<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/international-stat.html|title=East Bengal - Performance in International Tournaments|work=East Bengal Club|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523175412/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/international-stat.html|archive-date=23 May 2019}}</ref>
! Season
! Country
! Competition
! Result
|-
| 1953–54
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania
| 1953 [[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|World Youth Festival]]
| Fourth Place
|-
| 1991–92
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh
| [[1991 BTC Club Cup]]
| style="background:#c96" | Semi Finals
|-
| 1993–94
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
| 1993 Wai Wai Cup
| style="background:gold" |Champions
|-
| 1996–97
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
| 1996 [[ANFA Cup|Coca-Cola Cup]]
| style="background:#c96" | Semi Finals
|-
| 1996–97
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh
| 1996 [[Bangabandhu Cup]]<ref name="BC97">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bangabandhu97.html|title=Bangabandhu Cup 1996/97|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221161704/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bangabandhu97.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Group stage
|-
| 2003–04
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia
| [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]]
| style="background:gold | Champions
|-
| 2004–05
| align="left"| {{flagicon|England}} England
| 2004 Pepsi Max Challenge Cup
| Fourth Place
|-
| 2004–05
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal
| 2004 San Miguel International Cup
| style="background:gold" |Champions
|-
| 2011–12
| align="left"| {{flagicon|Vietnam}} Vietnam
| [[BTV Cup|2011 BTV Becamex IDC Cup]]
| Group stage
|-
| 2015–16
| align="left"| {{flagicon|BGD}} Bangladesh
| [[2015 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup]]
| style="background:silver" | Runner's Up
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

==Statistics==
{{further|List of East Bengal FC matches against foreign opponents}}

===Overall Record in Continental Competitions===
:''Includes records from qualifier and preliminary stage matches as well.''
{{Fb overview
|c=3
|c1=[[Asian Club Championship]] |fm1=2 August 1985 |lm1=3 October 1998
|w1=5|l1=3|d1=1|f1=21|a1=10
|c2=[[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] |fm2=1 September 1991 |lm2=8 November 1997
|w2=7|l2=10|d2=1|f2=31|a2=33
|c3=[[AFC Cup]]/[[AFC Champions League Two]]|fm3=10 February 2004 |lm3=14 August 2024
|w3=15|l3=29|d3=12|f3=73|a3=107
|c4=[[AFC Challenge League]] |fm4=26 October 2024 |lm4=12 March 2025
|w4=2|l4=2|d4=1|f4=10|a4=7
|u=12 March 2025
}}

===Top scorers===

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; width:65%;"
|-
! width="5%"| Rank
! width="5%"| Pos.
! width="5%"| Nat.
! width="15%"| Name
! width="8%"|[[Asian Club Championship|Asian CC]]
! width="8%"|[[Asian Cup Winners' Cup|Asian CWC]]
! width="8%"|[[AFC Cup]]/[[AFC Champions League Two|AFC CL Two]]
! width="8%"|[[AFC Challenge League|AFC CGL]]
! width="8%"|Total
|-
! 1
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| {{sort dash}} || 8 || 3 || {{sort dash}}
! 11
|-
! 2
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left| [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]]
| 8 || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}}
! 8
|-
! rowspan="2"|3
| FW
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left| [[Cristiano Júnior]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 6 || {{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
| FW
| {{flagicon|NGR}}
|align=left| [[Chidi Edeh]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 6 || {{sort dash}}
! 6
|-
! rowspan="3"|5
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left| [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]]
| 5 || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left| [[Carlton Chapman]]
| {{sort dash}} || 5 || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
| FW
| {{flagicon|AUS}}
|align=left| [[Tolgay Özbey]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 5 || {{sort dash}}
! 5
|-
! rowspan="6"|8
| FW
| {{flagicon|NGR}}
|align=left| [[Mike Okoro]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4 || {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| FW
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left| [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4 || {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left| [[Lalrindika Ralte]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4 || {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| MF
| {{flagicon|NGR}}
|align=left| [[Penn Orji]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4 || {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| FW
| {{flagicon|NGR}}
|align=left| [[Ranti Martins]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4 || {{sort dash}}
! 4
|-
| FW
| {{flagicon|GRE}}
|align=left| [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]]
| {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || {{sort dash}} || 4
! 4
|-
|}
{{notelist-ua}}

===Hat tricks===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
! Date
! Name
! Opponent
! Competition
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2 August 1985
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]]4
| {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[New Road Team]]
| [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship]]
| 7–0
| <ref name=cocacolacup/>
|-
| 10 August 1985
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]]
| {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Club Valencia]]
| [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship]]
| 9–0
| <ref name=cocacolacup/>
|-
| 1 October 1993
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Carlton Chapman]]
| {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Al-Zawra'a SC]]
| [[1993-94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]]
| 6–2
| <ref>{{cite web|first=Dhiman|last=Sarkar|date=12 Oct 2020|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|title=East Bengal 'Chap' whose hattrick stunned Al Zawra'a and hand-held Bhutia, dead|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618022136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 16 July 2003
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]5
| {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippine Army FC]]
| [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]]
| 6–0
| <ref name=aseanscroll>{{cite web|first=Nicolai|last=Nayak|date=26 Jul 2020|url=https://scroll.in/field/968097/making-a-mark-in-asia-east-bengals-2003-asean-cup-win-a-defining-moment-for-indian-club-football|title=Making a mark in Asia: East Bengal's 2003 Asean Cup win – a defining moment for Indian club football|work=Scroll|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304005929/https://scroll.in/field/968097/making-a-mark-in-asia-east-bengals-2003-asean-cup-win-a-defining-moment-for-indian-club-football|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 25 May 2005
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma|Ernest Jeremiah]]
| {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Nebitçi Balkanabat]]
| [[2005 AFC Cup]]
| 3–2
| <ref name=jeremiahhattrick>{{cite web|author=Staff Reporter|date=26 May 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-come-back-in-a-blitz-afc-cup-heat-and-humidity-lay-turkmenistani-visitors-low/cid/1053707|title=East Bengal come back in a blitz - AFC CUP - Heat and humidity lay Turkmenistani visitors low|work=The Telegraph|access-date=5 Jul 2021|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704214632/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-come-back-in-a-blitz-afc-cup-heat-and-humidity-lay-turkmenistani-visitors-low/cid/1053707|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 15 May 2013
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Chidi Edeh]]
| {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]]
| [[2013 AFC Cup]]
| 5–1
| <ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=15 May 2013|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/edeh-chidi-hat-trick-takes-eb-to-afc-cup-quarterfinal/articleshow/20071566.cms|title=Edeh Chidi hat-trick takes EB to AFC Cup quarterfinal|work=The Times of India|accessdate=6 Jul 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711080858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/edeh-chidi-hat-trick-takes-eb-to-afc-cup-quarterfinal/articleshow/20071566.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}
4 Scored 4 Goals 
6 Scored 6 Goals

==Asian Club Championship==
{{Main|AFC Champions League}}

The [[AFC Champions League]] is an annual continental club football competition organised by the [[Asian Football Confederation]]. Introduced in 1967 as the Asian Club Championship, the competition rebranded and took on its current name in 2002 as a result of the merger between the Asian Club Championship, the Asian Cup Winners' Cup and the Asian Super Cup. East Bengal took part in the competition twice (1985–86 and 1998–99), failing to go past the group stage/first round both times.<ref name=afcresults/>

===1985–86 Asian Club Championship===
{{Main|1985–86 Asian Club Championship|Central Asia Champions' Cup}}

====1985 Central Asia Champions' Cup====
{{:1985–86 Asian Club Championship|transcludesection=Central Asia|showteam=EAB}}
*{{flag|Afghanistan|1980}} and {{flag|Iran}} champions withdrew.

[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] qualified for the [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship]] after winning the 1985 [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} The Red and Gold brigade became the first Indian "club" to qualify for the [[Asian Club Championship]].<ref name=afcresults>{{cite web|first=Soham|last=Mukherjee|date=1 April 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz|title=How have Indian clubs fared in AFC Champions League and AFC Cup?|work=Goal|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415045019/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-clubs-in-afc-champions-league-afc-cup/3dj1qowtkdxc1pzji71c49vnz|url-status=live}}</ref> The format of the tournament was different with different zonal tournaments that were held and the winners of these zonal tournaments would progress into the main finals to be held in [[Jedah]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=cocacolacup/> East Bengal was part of the Central Asia Zone, and the tournament was named '''Coca-Cola Cup'''.<ref name=cocacolacup/> They were to face the champions of [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]] and [[Maldives]] however, the two teams from Iran and Afghanistan withdrew their names.<ref name=cocacolacup/> The team traveled to [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] where the tournament was hosted and in the first game defeated the champions of Nepal, [[New Road Team]] by 7–0 to start their campaign, with forward [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] scoring four goals in the game.<ref name=cocacolacup/> In the second match against the favourites [[Abahani Krira Chakra]] from Bangladesh, East Bengal managed a 1–0 victory courtesy of a solitary strike from forward [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]].<ref name=cocacolacup/> The next three games, East Bengal won with ease, including a 9–0 victory over Maldivian champions [[Club Valencia]], with Debasish Roy scoring a hattrick, and thus recording the biggest margin of victory by an Indian team over any foreign opponents till date.<ref name=afcresults/> East Bengal became the champion of the tournament winning all the games, without conceding a single goal.<ref name=cocacolacup/> Defender [[Tarun Dey]] was awarded the Man of the Tournament award while forward Debasish Roy ended as the second top scorer with 7 goals.<ref name=cocacolacup/>

=====Matches=====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 7–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|NEP}} [[New Road Team]]
|goals1 = [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}}{{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} Birbhadra Pradhan {{goal|}}{{own goal}}
|goals2 =
|date = 2 August 1985
|location = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|round = 1
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Abahani Krira Chakra]]
|goals1 = [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]] {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|date = 5 August 1985
|location = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|round = 2
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 2–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|PAK}} [[PIA FC|PIA]]
|goals1 = [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] {{goal|}} [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]] {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|date = 7 August 1985
|location = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|round = 3
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 9–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|MDV}} [[Club Valencia]]
|goals1 = [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debasish Roy]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Jamshid Nassiri]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} Monojit Das{{goal|}}{{goal|}} Debasish Mishra {{goal|}} Samar Choudhury {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|date = 10 August 1985
|location = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|round = 4
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Saunders SC|Saunders]]
|goals1 = [[Jamshid Nassiri]] {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|date = 14 August 1985
|location = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|round = 5
|result = W
}}

====1985–86 Asian Club Championship====
East Bengal qualified for the main round of the [[1985–86 Asian Club Championship]] by winning the Coca-Cola Cup in Sri Lanka<ref name=cocacolacup/> and was allotted into the Group A, along with [[Al-Ahli (Jeddah)|Al-Ahli]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian]] of [[Indonesia]]. Assistant coach [[Shyam Thapa]] took charge of the team after [[P. K. Banerjee]] had resigned from his position after the Coca-Cola Cup victory as he took over the India national team.<ref name=cocacolacup/> In the opening match, on 19 January 1986, East Bengal faced the Saudi and West Asia champions Al-Ahli and even managed to score first with Debasish Roy scoring in the 33rd minute but the Saudi team came back strong with two goals from Khaled Abu Rass as they lost 2–1.<ref name=cocacolacup/><ref name=acc85/> In the second game on 21 January 1986, East Bengal faced another defeat against Indonesian and ASEAN champions Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian as they went down 2–0 and were eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=cocacolacup/><ref name=acc85/>

====Group stage====
{{main|1985–86 Asian Club Championship#Group A}}
[[East Bengal FC]] was drawn in Group A along with [[Al-Ahli (Jeddah)|Al-Ahli]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian]] of [[Indonesia]].
{{:1985–86 Asian Club Championship|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EAB}}

=====Matches=====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 1
|team1 = [[Al-Ahli Saudi FC|Al-Ahli]] {{flagicon|KSA}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1 = Khaled Abu Rass {{goal|38||88}}
|goals2 = [[Debashish Roy (footballer)|Debashish Roy]] {{goal|33}}
|date = {{Start date|1986|1|19|df=y}}
|location = [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
|stadium = [[Prince Abdullah Al Faisal Stadium|Prince Abdullah Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 2
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Bambang Nurdiansyah {{goal|65}} Saud Lumban Tobing {{goal|74}}
|date = {{Start date|1986|1|21|df=y}}
|location = [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
|stadium = [[Prince Abdullah Al Faisal Stadium|Prince Abdullah Stadium]]
|result = L
}}

 
----

===1998–99 Asian Club Championship===
{{Main|1998–99 Asian Club Championship}}

[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] took part in the [[1998–99 Asian Club Championship]] after finishing runners-up of the [[1997-98 National Football League (India)|1997–98 National Football League]] and was drawn against Chinese giants [[Dalian Shide F.C.|Dalian Wanda FC]] in the first round.<ref name=acc98/> On 19 September 1998, East Bengal travelled to [[Dalian]], [[China]] for the first leg of the tie and suffered a 6–0 loss, their heaviest defeat in continental competitions to this date.<ref name=afcresults/> China national team forward [[Wang Tao (footballer, born 1970)|Wang Tao]] scored a hat-trick for the Chinese side.<ref name=acc98/> In the return leg on 3 October 1998, East Bengal managed to hold on to a 0–0 draw at the [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]] in [[Siliguri]] and were eliminated from the competition.<ref name=acc98/><ref name=afcresults/>

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = [[Dalian Shide F.C.|Dalian Wanda]] {{flagicon|CHN}}
|score = 6–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1 = [[Wang Tao (footballer, born 1970)|Wang Tao]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Hans Eklund]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Hao Haidong]] {{goal|}}
|date = {{Start date|1998|9|19|df=y}}
|location= [[Dalian]], [[China]]
|stadium = [[Jinzhou Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 0–0
|aggregatescore = 0–6
|team2 = {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Dalian Shide F.C.|Dalian Wanda]]
|date = {{Start date|1998|10|3|df=y}}
|location = [[Siliguri]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|result = D
}}

==Asian Cup Winners' Cup==
{{Main|Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

The Asian Cup Winners' Cup was a football competition run by the [[Asian Football Confederation]]. The competition was started in 1991 as a tournament for all the domestic cup winners from countries affiliated to the AFC. In India, the winners of the [[Durand Cup]] used to participate in the tournament. East Bengal took part in the [[Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] five times, reaching the quarter-finals in their maiden appearance in 1991–92.<ref name=afcresults/>

=== 1991–92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup ===
{{Main|1991-92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[1991–92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] by winning the 1991 [[Durand Cup]]. The 1991 season also saw East Bengal, under the coaching of [[Syed Nayeemuddin]], win the [[Calcutta Football League]] without even conceding a single goal throughout the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/local/csd1991.html|title=IFA-Calcutta Super Division 1991|work=Indian Football|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=14 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070414160335/http://www.indianfootball.de/local/csd1991.html|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal was drawn against [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abhani Krira Chakra]] of [[Bangladesh]] in the first round of the tournament. In the first-leg, away at the Bangabandhu Stadium, East Bengal drew goalless against a resolute Abahani side. In the return leg at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]], East Bengal managed to grab a 1–0 victory with [[Bikash Panji]] scoring the solitary winner for the Red and Gold brigade as they reached the Quarter-finals where they faced [[Yokohama F. Marinos|Nissan FC]] of [[Japan]], who would eventually go on to become the Champions of the tournament. In the first-leg, playing home at the Salt Lake Stadium, East Bengal was beaten 1–3 by the [[1991 Emperor's Cup]] champions and in the return leg, East Bengal lost 4–0 and was eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=acw91/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abhani Krira Chakra]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score = 0–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 3 November 1991
|location= [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium = [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–0
|aggregatescore = 1–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abhani Krira Chakra]]
|goals1 = [[Bikash Panji]] {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|date = 8 November 1991
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Quarter-Final
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–3
|team2 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yokohama F. Marinos|Nissan]]
|date = 5 December 1991
|goals1 = Peter Maguire {{goal|}}
|goals2 = [[Rikizo Matsuhashi|Matsuhashi]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Keiichi Zaizen|Zaizen]] {{goal|}}
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Quarter-Final
|team1 = [[Yokohama F. Marinos|Nissan]] {{flagicon|JPN}}
|score = 4–0
|aggregatescore = 7–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 11 December 1991
|goals1 = [[Rikizo Matsuhashi|Matsuhashi]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} [[Takuya Jinno|Jinno]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]]
|stadium = [[NHK Spring Mitsuzawa Football Stadium|Mitsuzawa Football Stadium]]
|result = L
}}

 
----

=== 1993–94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup ===
{{Main|1993-94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[1993–94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] by winning the 1993 [[Durand Cup]]. East Bengal was drawn with [[Al-Zawra'a SC|Al-Zawra]] of [[Iraq]], the [[1992–93 Iraq FA Cup]] champions in the first round of the tournament. Due to the ongoing war situation in Iraq, both the legs were held in India, the first leg at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] while the second leg was held at the [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]] in [[Siliguri]], which was a home game for the Iraq side.<ref name=alzawra>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=20 Jun 2020|url=http://www.badgebfansclub.in/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-thumped-six-past-the-iraqi-champions/|title=THROWBACK: When East Bengal FC thumped SIX past the Iraqi champions!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=24 Sep 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924102646/http://www.badgebfansclub.in/throwback-when-east-bengal-fc-thumped-six-past-the-iraqi-champions/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the first leg, East Bengal shocked the Iraqi champions and defeated them 6–2 with [[Carlton Chapman]] scoring a hat-trick and Sisir Ghosh, Aqueel Ansari and Kumaresh Bhawal scoring one each for East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dhiman|last=Sarkar|date=12 Oct 2020|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|title=East Bengal 'Chap' whose hattrick stunned Al Zawra'a and hand-held Bhutia, dead|work=The Hindustan Times|accessdate=24 Sep 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618022136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/east-bengal-chap-whose-hattrick-stunned-al-zawra-a-and-hand-held-bhutia-dead/story-jvfot8bUaQdvQogToLJuTP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mudhir Khalef Muhsim and Sahib Abbas Hassan scored two for the Iraqi champions. In the return leg, however, Al-Zawra came back strong with a 2–0 win at Siliguri with goals from Sahib Abbas Hassan and Ziad Tariq Aziz, but East Bengal progressed into the second round with a 6–4 aggregate score.<ref name=alzawra/> In the second round, East Bengal faced [[South China AA|South China]] of [[Hong Kong]]. East Bengal lost the first leg at home 1–0 and suffered a 4–1 defeat away in Hong Kong as they were eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=acw93/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 6–2
|team2 = {{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Al-Zawra'a SC|Al-Zawra]]
|date = 6 October 1993
|goals1 = [[Carlton Chapman|Chapman]] {{goal|?||?||?}} [[Sisir Ghosh|Ghosh]] {{goal|?}} [[Aqueel Ansari|Ansari]] {{goal|?}} [[Kumaresh Bhawal|Bhawal]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2 = [[Mudhir Khalaf Muhsim|Khalaf]] {{goal|?}} [[Sahib Abbas|Abbas]] {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = [[Al-Zawra'a SC|Al-Zawra]] {{flagicon|IRQ}}
|score = 2–0
|aggregatescore = 4–6
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 8 October 1993
|goals1 = [[Sahib Abbas|Abbas]] {{goal|?}} [[Ziyad Tariq|Tariq]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Siliguri]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|HKG}} [[South China AA|South China]]
|date = 1 November 1993
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Wai Chi Loh {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = [[South China AA|South China]] {{flagicon|HKG}}
|score = 4–1
|aggregatescore = 5–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 7 November 1993
|goals1 = Aau {{goal|?||?}} Marco {{goal|?}} Chungman {{goal|?}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia|Bhutia]] {{goal|?}}
|location = [[Causeway Bay]], [[Hong Kong]]
|stadium = [[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|result = L
}}

 
----

===1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup===
{{Main|1994-95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] after being runner-up of the 1994 [[Durand Cup]], as [[Mohun Bagan]] who were the champions, also won the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] and qualified for the [[1994–95 Asian Club Championship]].<ref name=acw94/> In the preliminary round for the East Asia zone held in [[Colombo]] [[Sri Lanka]], East Bengal was drawn with [[Renown SC|Renown]] of Sri Lanka and [[Club Lagoons]] of [[Maldives]]. East Bengal won 4–0 in the opening game against Club Lagoons but lost 2–1 against the hosts Renown in their second match to finish second in the group.<ref name=acw94/> East Bengal qualified for the main tournament as the group runners and faced [[TOT S.C.|TOT]] of [[Thailand]]. In the first leg game away in [[Bangkok]], East Bengal lost 4–1 to the 1993 [[Thai FA Cup]] champions. In the return leg, however, East Bengal withdrew from the tournament as the match was not held due to a plague scare in Kolkata and no dates could be confirmed. Telecom Club advanced to the quarterfinal on the basis of their first-leg triumph.<ref name=afcresults/><ref name=acw94/>

====Preliminary round (East Asia)====
[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] was drawn with [[Renown SC]] of [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Club Lagoons]] of [[Maldives]] in the preliminary round of the tournament.
{{:1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup|transcludesection=East Asia|showteam=EAB}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = Preliminary
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 4–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Club Lagoons]]
|date = 4 August 1994
|goals1 = [[Carlton Chapman]] {{goal|}}{{goal|}} Shishir Ghosh {{goal|}} Sanjay Majhi {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|location= [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Preliminary
|team1 = [[Renown SC|Renown]] {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 6 August 1994
|goals1 = Debanath {{goal|?||?}}
|goals2 = Kiron Khongsai {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|stadium = [[Sugathadasa Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = [[TOT S.C.|TOT]] {{flagicon|Thailand}}
|score = 4–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 3 September 1994
|goals1 = Ampan {{goal|?||?}} Lunpet {{goal|?}} Aistukaida {{goal|?|pen}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|}}
|location= [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
|stadium = [[TOT Stadium Chaeng Watthana|TOT Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = [[walkover|(w/o)]]
|aggregatescore = 1–7
|team2 = {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[TOT S.C.|TOT]]
|date = 16 September 1994
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = L
}}

 
----

===1995–96 Asian Cup Winners' Cup===
{{Main|1995–96 Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[1995–96 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] by winning the 1995 [[Durand Cup]]. In the first round, East Bengal received a bye and progressed into the second round of the tournament where they were drawn against [[New Radiant]] of [[Maldives]].<ref name=acw95/> In the first leg, away at [[Malé]], East Bengal suffered a 3–0 defeat which became too big of a margin to overcome in the second leg, even after winning 2–0 at home, as they were eliminated from the tournament with a 2–3 aggregate score in favour of New Radiant. Biswanath Mondal and [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] had scored in the home win for East Bengal.<ref name=afcresults/><ref name=acw95/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = [[New Radiant]] {{flagicon|Maldives}}
|score = 3–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 8 October 1995
|goals1 = ''no Information''
|goals2 =
|location= [[Malé]], [[Maldives]]
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|Rasmee Dhandu Stadium]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 2–0
|aggregatescore = 2–3
|team2 = {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[New Radiant]]
|date = 22 October 1995
|goals1 = Biswanath Mondal {{goal|}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = W
}}

 
----

===1997–98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup===
{{Main|1997-98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[1997–98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup]] after winning the [[1996 Indian Federation Cup]]. [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] were supposed to get the slot for being the runners-up of the [[1996–97 National Football League (India)|1996–97 National Football League]] but since [[JCT F.C.|JCT]], the champions, did not participate in the [[1997–98 Asian Club Championship]], Churchill Brothers got the spot and East Bengal qualified for the Asian Cup Winners' Cup.<ref name=afcresults/> In the first round, East Bengal was drawn against [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]] of [[Nepal]] and in the first leg at home, East Bengal recorded an 8–0 win over the side from Nepal, their second biggest win in continental football.<ref name=afcresults/> In the away game, East Bengal snatched up a 3–0 victory as they progressed into the second round with an 11–0 aggregate score. In the second round, East Bengal faced the [[1996 Emperor's Cup]] champions [[Tokyo Verdy|Verdy Kawasaki]] of [[Japan]]. In the first leg, away at [[Naraha, Fukushima]], East Bengal suffered a 5–2 defeat against the [[J League]] side, however, in the return leg, at Kolkata, East Bengal surprised the Japanese team with a famous 1–0 win courtesy of a solitary strike from Kenyan defender [[Sammy Omollo]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Saibal|last=Bose|date=9 Nov 1997|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/east-bengal-stun-japanese/lite/|title=East Bengal stun Japanese|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=24 Sep 2021|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927210642/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/east-bengal-stun-japanese/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Naushad Moosa]] also missed a penalty for East Bengal and they were eliminated with a 5–3 aggregate score for Verdy Kawasaki.<ref name=acw97/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 8–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]]
|date = 15 August 1997
|goals1 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|?||?|}} Somatai Shaiza {{goal|?}} [[Naushad Moosa]] {{goal|?}} Marcelo Garcia {{goal|?}} Nazimul Haq {{goal|?}} Falguni Dutta {{goal|?}} A Sarvanan {{goal|?}}
|goals2 =
|location= [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = First Round
|team1 = [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score = 0–3
|aggregatescore = 0–11
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 15 September 1997
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|?}} Marcelo Garcia {{goal|?}} [[Sammy Omollo]] {{goal|?}}
|location = [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium = [[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = [[Tokyo Verdy|Verdy Kawasaki]] {{flagicon|JPN}}
|score = 5–2
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|date = 15 October 1997
|goals1 = [[Tomo Sugawara|Sugawara]] {{goal|?|}} [[Alcindo Sartori|Alcindo]] {{goal|?||?||?|}} [[Yasutoshi Miura|Y. Miura]] {{goal|?|}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|?||?|}}
|location = [[Naraha, Fukushima]], [[Japan]]
|stadium = [[J-Village Stadium]]
|attendance = 2,136
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Second Round
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 1–0
|report = https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/east-bengal-stun-japanese/lite/
|aggregatescore = 3–5
|team2 = {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tokyo Verdy|Verdy Kawasaki]]
|date = 8 November 1997
|goals1 = [[Naushad Moosa]] {{penmiss}} {{small|41'}} [[Sammy Omollo]] {{goal|61}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance = 30,000
|result = W
}}

==AFC Cup==
{{Main|AFC Cup}}

The [[AFC Cup]] is an annual continental club football competition organised by the [[Asian Football Confederation]], started in 2004. The competition is played primarily between clubs from nations that did not receive direct qualifying slots in the top-tier [[AFC Champions League]], based on the [[AFC Club Competitions Ranking]]. In India, the winners of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] and the [[I-League]] received direct entries into the tournament. Since the Federation Cup was abolished in 2017, the slot was given to the play-off winners of the [[Indian Super League]]. East Bengal has participated eight times in the tournament, reaching the knockout stages twice including a semi-final appearance in [[2013 AFC Cup|2013]].<ref name=afcresults/>

===2004 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2004 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2004 AFC Cup]] after winning the [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03 National Football League]] and was placed in Group E alongside [[Geylang United FC|Geylang United]] of Singapore, [[Negeri Sembilan FA|Negeri Sembilan]] of Malaysia and [[VB Sports Club|Island]] of Maldives. East Bengal began their campaign on a terrific note as they won all of their first four matches in the group stages and confirmed their place in the quarter-finals. They set a record of winning eight consecutive matches against foreign opposition, the most by any Indian team, bettering their own record of five wins, back in the [[1985-86 Asian Club Championship|Coca-Cola Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/feb/25eb1.htm|title=East Bengal sets new record|work=Rediff.com|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116215725/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/feb/25eb1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal also thus became the first Indian team to qualify for [[AFC Cup]] knockout stages,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-in-quarterfinals/articleshow/661158.cms|title=East Bengal in quarterfinals|work=The Times of India|date=6 May 2004 |access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104121040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/East-Bengal-in-quarterfinals/articleshow/661158.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> where they faced the eventual finalist [[Al-Jaish (Syria)|Al-Jaish]] of Syria. In the first leg at home, East Bengal held the Syrian champions to a goalless draw,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/sep/15foot1.htm|title=East Bengal, Al Jaish draw goalless|work=Rediff.com|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027135922/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/sep/15foot1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> however, the Syrian team won 3–0 at home and East Bengal were eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=afc04/>

====Group stage====
{{main|2004 AFC Cup#Group E}}
{{:2004 AFC Cup|transcludesection=Group E|showteam=EAB}}

=====Matches=====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = 10 February 2004
| team1 = [[Geylang United FC|Geylang United]] {{flagicon|Singapore}}
| score = 2–3
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929182916/http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http%3A//www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php%3FGameID%3D1823 (Report)]
| goals1 = Mohd Hafiz Rahim {{goal|40}} Jeykanth Jeyapal {{goal|90}}
| goals2 = [[Cristiano Junior]] {{goal|45||76}} Bijen Singh {{goal|83}}
| location = [[Kowloon]], [[Hong Kong]]
| stadium = [[Mong Kok Stadium]]
| attendance = 369
| referee = K Matsumura
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = 25 February 2004
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 4–2
| team2 = {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Negeri Sembilan FA|Negeri Sembilan]]
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930134614/http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http%3A//www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php%3FGameID%3D1826 (Report)]
| goals1 = [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|9}} [[Cristiano Junior]] {{goal|34|pen|70}} [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|77}}
| goals2 = [[Rajan Koran|K. Rajan]] {{goal|45}} Shahrin Abdul Majid {{goal|64}}
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee = C Win
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = 7 April 2004
| team1 = [[VB Sports Club|Island]] {{flagicon|Maldives}}
| score = 1–2
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930145059/http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http%3A//www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php%3FGameID%3D1827 (Report)]
| goals1 = [[Ahmed Sunain]] {{goal|72|pen}}
| goals2 = [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|36}} [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|90}}
|location = [[Malé]], [[Maldives]]
| stadium = [[Rasmee Dhandu Stadium|National Stadium]]
| attendance = 6,000
| referee = S Mujghef
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 21 April 2004
| round = Group stage
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 3–0
| team2 = {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[VB Sports Club|Island]]
| report = [http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=1829 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
| goals1 = [[Douglas Silva (footballer, born 1974)|Douglas]] {{goal|9}} [[Cristiano Junior]] {{goal|36}} [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|85}}
| goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee = A Albadwawi
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = 5 May 2004
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 1–1
| team2 = {{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Geylang United FC|Geylang United]]
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001182343/http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http%3A//www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php%3FGameID%3D1831 (Report)]
| goals1 = [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|76}}
| goals2 = [[Daniel Hill (footballer)|Daniel Hill]] {{goal|33}}
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee = B Williams
| result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = 18 May 2004
| team1 = [[Negeri Sembilan FA|Negeri Sembilan]] {{flagicon|Malaysia}}
| score = 2–1
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125745/http://www.afc-link.com/cgi-perl/topdf.pl?filename=http%3A//www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php%3FGameID%3D1833 (Report)]
| goals1 = [[Suharmin Yusof]] {{goal|23|49}}
| goals2 = [[Cristiano Junior]] {{goal|24}}
| location = [[Kowloon]], [[Hong Kong]]
| stadium = [[Mong Kok Stadium]]
| attendance = 208
| referee = S Tongkhan
| result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Quarter-Final
| date = 14 September 2004
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 0–0
| team2 = {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} [[Al-Jaish (Syria)|Al-Jaish]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance = 40,000
| referee = Lusullin Naii
| result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Quarter-Final
| date = 21 September 2004
| team1 = [[Al-Jaish (Syria)|Al-Jaish]] {{flagicon|Syria|1980}}
| score = 3–0
| aggregatescore = 3-0
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report =
| goals1 = [[Adel Abdullah]] 16' [[Mohamed Al Zeno]] 50' [[Feras Esmaeel]] 87'
| goals2 =
| location = [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]
| stadium = [[King Abdullah Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}

 
----

===2005 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2005 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2005 AFC Cup]] after winning the [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04 National Football League]] and was placed in Group B alongside [[Al-Faisaly (Amman)|Al-Faisaly]] of Jordan, [[Nebitçi Balkanabat]] of Turkmenistan and [[Muktijoddha Sangsad KS|Muktijoddha Sangsad]] of Bangladesh. In the opening game, at home, East Bengal drew goalless with Muktijoddha Sangsad of Bangladesh. East Bengal lost the next three matches to Nebitçi Balkanabat away and Al-Faisaly twice both home and away. They managed to win the last two matches, first a 1–0 win against Muktijoddha Sangsad away in Dhaka and then a 3–2 win at home against Nebitçi Balkanabat, courtesy of a hat-trick scored by [[Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma|Earnest Jeremiah]].<ref name=jeremiahhattrick/> However, with two wins and one draw, East Bengal finished third in the group with seven points and was eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=afc05/>

====Group stage====
{{main|2005 AFC Cup#Group A}}
{{:2005 AFC Cup|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EB }}

=====Matches=====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = D
| date = 9 March 2005
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 0–0
| team2 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Muktijoddha Sangsad KS|Muktijoddha Sangsad]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = L
| date = 16 March 2005
| team1 = [[Nebitçi Balkanabat]] {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}}
| score = 3–2
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report =
| goals1 = [[Vitaliy Alikperov]] {{goal|1}} [[Rowshen Meredov]] {{goal|60}} [[Hojaahmet Arazov]] {{goal|83}}
| goals2 = [[Marcos Secco]] {{goal|52}} [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|90+2}}
| location = [[Balkanabat]], [[Turkmenistan]]
| stadium = [[Balkanabat Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = L
| date = 6 April 2005
| team1 = [[Al-Faisaly (Amman)|Al-Faisaly]] {{flagicon|Jordan}}
| score = 5–0
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report =
| goals1 = [[Mo'ayyad Salim]] {{goal|13||43||73}} [[Saman Halasa]] {{goal|50||69}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]
| stadium = [[Amman International Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = L
| date = 20 April 2005
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 0–1
| team2 = {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Al-Faisaly (Amman)|Al-Faisaly]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Hatem Aqel]] {{goal|31|pen}}
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = W
| date = 11 May 2005
| team1 = [[Muktijoddha Sangsad KS|Muktijoddha Sangsad]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
| score = 0–1
| team2 = {{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Bijen Singh]] {{goal|75}}
| location = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
| stadium = [[Bangabandhu Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| result = W
| date = 25 May 2005
| team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
| score = 3–2
| team2 = {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Nebitçi Balkanabat]]
| report =
| goals1 = [[Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma|Earnest Jeremiah]] {{goal|28||57||63}}
| goals2 = [[Farhat Bazarov]] {{goal|53}} [[Hojaahmet Arazov]] {{goal|88}}
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

 
----

===2008 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2008 AFC Cup}}

[[East Bengal FC]] qualified for the [[2008 AFC Cup]] after winning the 2007 [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] in [[Ludhiana]] and were placed in Group B alongside [[Safa Sporting Club|Safa SC]] of Lebanon, [[Al-Wahdat]] of Jordan and [[Al-Ahli Club Sanaa|Al-Ahli San‘a’]] of Yemen. The Red and Gold brigade lost the first match to [[Safa Sporting Club|Safa SC]] away at the [[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium|Sports City Stadium]], [[Beirut]] by a solitary goal but won back to back matches, first against [[Al-Ahli Club Sanaa|Al-Ahli San‘a’]] at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] courtesy of a brilliant strike by [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] and then against [[Al-Wahdat]] away at the [[Prince Mohammad International Stadium|Prince Mohammad Stadium]], [[Zarqa]] by 2–0 with strikes from [[Alvito D'Cunha]] and Ikechukwu Gift Ibe, thus becoming the first Indian club to win at away against a West Asian team. East Bengal FC however, could not win any more matches in the group stage as they finished third with 2 wins and a draw and were eliminated on [[goal difference]].

====Group stage====
{{main|2008 AFC Cup#Group B}}
{{:2008 AFC Cup|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=EB}}

{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=11 March 2008
|time=18:00 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Safa Sporting Club|Safa]] {{flagicon|Lebanon}}
|score=1–0
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106045238/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1320.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2658 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Bernard Mbassi]] {{goal|17}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium|Sports City Stadium]], [[Beirut]]
|attendance=700
|referee={{flagicon|OMA}} [[Mahmood Mohd Juma Al Ghatrifi]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date=18 March 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score=1–0
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106042141/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1318.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2660 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Al-Ahli (San'a')|Al-Ahli San‘a’]]
|goals1=[[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|31}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=6,000
|referee={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Minoru Tōjō]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date=3 April 2008
|time=15:30 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Al-Wahdat]] {{flagicon|Jordan}}
|score=0–2
|report=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024432/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1317.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2661 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|58}} [[Ikechukwu Gift Ibe]] {{goal|69}}
|stadium=[[Prince Mohammad International Stadium|Prince Mohammad Stadium]], [[Zarqa]]
|attendance=4,000
|referee={{flagicon|MYS}} [[Rosdi Shaharul]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=16 April 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score= 2–4
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106000224/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1315.pdf (Report)] [http://www.afc-link.com/UI/MatchSummary/index2.php?GameID=2663 (Report)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|team2={{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Al-Wahdat]]
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|12}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|28}}
|goals2= [[Ra'fat Ali]] {{goal|6}} {{goal|24}} [[Hassan Abdel Fattah]] {{goal|31}} {{goal|34}}
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance= 10,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vo Minh Tri]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date=30 April 2008
|time=15:00 [[UTC+5:30]]
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|India}}
|score= 0–0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105222854/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1312.pdf (Report)]
|team2={{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Safa Sporting Club|Safa]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]], India
|attendance= 10,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Valentin Kovalenko]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=14 May 2008
|time=16:15 [[UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Al-Ahli (San'a')|Al-Ahli San‘a’]] {{flagicon|Yemen}}
|score=1 –0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106061423/http://images.the-afc.com/Documents/competitions/fixtures/228-1311.pdf (Report)]
|team2={{flagicon|India}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Ali Al Nono]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Ali Mohsen Al-Muraisi Stadium]], [[Sana'a]]
|attendance= 1,000
|referee= {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Dilovarshokh Orzuev]]
}}

 
----

===2010 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2010 AFC Cup}}

[[East Bengal FC]] qualified for the [[2010 AFC Cup]] after winning the [[2009–10 Indian Federation Cup|2009–10 Federation Cup]] in [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The resurrection of East Bengal |url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/tss3303/stories/20100121502802600.htm |website=sportstarlive.com |publisher=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=11 April 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927210649/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/the-resurrection-of-east-bengal/article29707283.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> They were placed in Group D alongside [[Al-Ittihad (Aleppo)|Al-Ittihad]] of Syria, [[Al-Nejmeh SC|Al-Nejmeh]] of Lebanon and [[Al Qadsia Kuwait|Al-Qadsia]] of Kuwait. [[East Bengal FC]] however, could not win any of the matches in the group stage as they finished last without any points and were eliminated.

====Group stage====
{{main|2010 AFC Cup group stage#Group D}}
{{:2010 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=EB}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=10 March 2010
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–4
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2808 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|SYR|1980}} [[Al-Ittihad (Aleppo)|Al-Ittihad]]
|goals1=[[Yusif Yakubu|Yakubu]] {{goal|56|pen.}}
|goals2=[[Otobong Ene Edet|Otobong]] {{goal|8}} [[Abdul Fattah Al Agha|Al Agha]] {{goal|29||89}} [[Obaid Al Salal|Al Salal]] {{goal|90+1}}
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=2,800
|referee=[[Võ Minh Trí]] ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=17 March 2010
|time=18:00 ([[UTC+2]])
|team1=[[Al-Nejmeh SC|Al-Nejmeh]] {{flagicon|LIB}}
|score=3–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2805 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Makethe Diop|Diop]] {{goal|19}} [[Abbas Ahmed Atwi|Atwi]] {{goal|23}} [[Bilal Najjarin|Najjarin]] {{goal|48|pen.}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium|Camille Chamoun Stadium]], [[Beirut]]
|attendance=3,000
|referee=Mohd Nafeez Bin Abdul Wahab ([[Football Association of Malaysia|Malaysia]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=24 March 2010
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=2–3
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2803 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|KUW}} [[Al Qadsia Kuwait|Al-Qadsia]]
|goals1=[[Singam Subhash Singh|Singh]] {{goal|27}} [[Yusif Yakubu|Yakubu]] {{goal|68}}
|goals2=[[Bader Al-Mutwa|Al-Mutwa]] {{goal|2||85}} [[Jehad Al-Hussain|Al-Hussain]] {{goal|20}}
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=1,000
|referee=Saleem Ali ([[Football Association of Maldives|Maldives]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=6 April 2010
|time=18:30 ([[UTC+3]])
|team1=[[Al Qadsia Kuwait|Al-Qadsia]] {{flagicon|KUW}}
|score=4–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2801 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Sauod Al-Magmed|Al-Magmed]] {{goal|30}} [[Aziz Mashaan|Mashaan]] {{goal|36}} [[Ahmad Ajab|Ajab]] {{goal|37}} [[Bader Al-Mutwa|Al-Mutwa]] {{goal|85}}
|goals2=[[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]] {{goal|59}}
|stadium=[[Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium|Al-Hamad Stadium]], [[Hawally]]
|attendance=2,000
|referee=[[Fan Qi (referee)|Fan Qi]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China PR]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=20 April 2010
|time=16:00 ([[UTC+3]])
|team1=[[Al-Ittihad (Aleppo)|Al-Ittihad]] {{flagicon|SYR|1980}}
|score=2–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2800 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Ahmad Kalasi|Kalasi]] {{goal|14}} [[Tamer Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|58}}
|goals2=[[Bengaicho Beokhokhei|Beokhokhei]] {{goal|78}}
|stadium=[[Aleppo International Stadium]], [[Aleppo]]
|attendance=3,000
|referee=[[Yadollah Jahanbazi]] ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date=27 April 2010
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–4
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2798 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|LIB}} [[Al-Nejmeh SC|Al-Nejmeh]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Abbas Ahmed Atwi|Atwi]] {{goal|3||41}} [[Papa Cisse|Cisse]] {{goal|36}} [[Bilal Najarin|Najarin]] {{goal|68}}
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=1,500
|referee=Pandian Palaniyandi ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
}}

 
----

===2011 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2011 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2011 AFC Cup]] after winning the [[2010 Indian Federation Cup|2010 Federation Cup]].<ref name=afc11/> They were placed in Group H alongside [[Chonburi F.C.|Chonburi]] of Thailand, [[Persipura Jayapura]] of Indonesia and [[South China AA|South China]] of Hong Kong. In the opening match of the group, East Bengal faced Chonburi at home and in a thriller contest managed to secure a 4–4 draw after [[Tolgay Ozbey]] scored twice early to put East Bengal ahead only to concede four goals in succession and finally made a comeback with goals from [[Baljit Sahni]] and [[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]] to equalise the match and share points. East Bengal lost the second match 4–1 to Persipura Jayapura away at [[Jakarta]]. Tolgay scored the only goal for the team. East Bengal lost again in the third match 1–0 against South China away at [[Hong Kong]]. In the fourth match, East Bengal managed a 3–3 draw against South China at the [[Barabati Stadium]], courtesy of a last-minute equaliser from Tolgay to share points from the game. East Bengal lost 4–0 against Chonburi in the penultimate game of the group stage away at [[Chonburi (city)|Chonburi]]. In the last match of the group stage, East Bengal drew 1–1 against Persipura Jayapura at home to end their campaign with three home draws and three away defeats as they finished at the bottom of the group with three points.<ref name=afc11/>

====Group stage====
{{main|2011 AFC Cup group stage#Group H}}
{{:2011 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group H|showteam=KEB}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date= 2 March 2011
|time= 17:00 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 4–4
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725214323/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3512 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|THA}} [[Chonburi F.C.|Chonburi]]
|goals1= [[Tolgay Ozbey|Ozbey]] {{goal|8||22}} [[Baljit Sahni|Sahni]] {{goal|74}} [[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|R. Singh]] {{goal|82|pen.}}
|goals2= [[Pipob On-Mo|Pipob]] {{goal|29||47}} [[Adul Lahso|Adul]] {{goal|43}} [[Ekaphan Inthasen|Ekaphan]] {{goal|53}}
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance= 2,000
|referee= [[Hettikamkanamge Perera]] ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date= 16 March 2011
|time= 16:00 [[UTC+07:00]]
|team1= [[Persipura Jayapura]] {{flagicon|IDN}}
|score= 4–1
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183815/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3511 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Titus Bonai|Bonai]] {{goal|16}} [[Boaz Solossa|B. Solossa]] {{goal|19}} [[Stevie Bonsapia|Bonsapia]] {{goal|62}} [[Lukas Mandowen|Mandowen]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2= [[Tolgay Ozbey|Ozbey]] {{goal|22}}
|stadium= [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]], [[Jakarta]]
|attendance= 700
|referee= [[Vo Minh Tri]] ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date= 13 April 2011
|time= 20:00 [[UTC+08:00]]
|team1= [[South China AA|South China]] {{flagicon|HKG}}
|score= 1–0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183805/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3508 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Mateja Kežman|Kežman]] {{goal|69}}
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Hong Kong Stadium]], Hong Kong
|attendance= 7,366
|referee= [[Sgt. Win Cho]] ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date= 26 April 2011
|time= 15:00 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 3–3
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183854/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3506 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|HKG}} [[South China AA|South China]]
|goals1= [[Tolgay Ozbey|Ozbey]] {{goal|20||90+4|pen.}} [[Baljit Sahni|Sahni]] {{goal|69}}
|goals2= [[Kwok Kin Pong]] {{goal|58}} [[Cheng Lai Hin]] {{goal|87}} [[Li Haiqiang]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium= [[Barabati Stadium]], [[Cuttack]][[#note8|8]]
|attendance= 3,000
|referee= [[Kadhum Auda]] ([[Iraq Football Association|Iraq]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date= 3 May 2011
|time= 19:00 [[UTC+07:00]]
|team1= [[Chonburi F.C.|Chonburi]] {{flagicon|THA}}
|score= 4–0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725214333/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3504 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Ney Fabiano]] {{goal|45+1}} [[Therdsak Chaiman|Therdsak]] {{goal|49}} [[Pipob On-Mo|Pipob]] {{goal|51||69}}
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Institute of Physical Education Chonburi Campus Stadium|IPE Chonburi Stadium]], [[Chonburi (city)|Chonburi]]
|attendance= 6,897
|referee= [[Fan Qi (referee)|Fan Qi]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China P.R.]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date= 10 May 2011
|time= 17:00 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 1–1
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183922/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=412&matchId=3502 Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Persipura Jayapura]]
|goals1= [[Baljit Sahni|Sahni]] {{goal|46}}
|goals2= [[Titus Bonai|Bonai]] {{goal|3}}
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance= 400
|referee= [[Ali Shaban]] ([[Kuwait Football Association|Kuwait]])
}}

 
----

===2012 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2012 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2012 AFC Cup]] after finishing runner-up of the [[2010–11 I-League]], as [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] had won both the [[I-League]] and [[2011 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]].<ref name=afc12/> This was their sixth and third successive qualification into the [[AFC Cup]]. East Bengal was placed in Group B alongside [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] of Yemen, [[Kazma SC|Kazma]] of Kuwait and [[Arbil SC|Arbil]] of Iraq. East Bengal suffered a disastrous campaign as they lost all six of their group stage matches against the strong West–Asian opponents and was thus eliminated from the tournament after finishing bottom of the group without any points.<ref name=afc12/>

====Group stage====
{{main|2012 AFC Cup group stage#Group B}}
{{:2012 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=KEB}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=6 March 2012
|time=15:00 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6016&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|YEM}} [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Fatai Adisa Alao|Alao]] {{goal|45+1|pen.}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=10,000
|referee=[[Tayeb Hasan Shamsuzzaman]] ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=20 March 2012
|time=18:30 [[UTC+03:00]]
|team1=[[Kazma SC|Kazma]] {{flagicon|KUW}}
|score=3–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6019&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Yousef Nasser|Nasser]] {{goal|38}} [[Nasser Al Wuhaib|Al Wuhaib]] {{goal|44}} [[Abdou Jammeh|Jammeh]] {{goal|58}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kuwait City]], [[Kuwait]]
|stadium=[[Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium|Al-Sadaqua Stadium]]
|attendance=1,000
|referee=[[Marai Al Awaji]] ([[Saudi Arabia Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=4 April 2012
|time=15:15 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6021&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Arbil SC|Arbil]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Amjad Radhi|Radhi]] {{goal|76}} [[Abdelrazaq Al Hussain|Al Hussain]] {{goal|90+4}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=10,000
|referee=[[Leow Thiam Hoe]] ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=10 April 2012
|time=18:00 [[UTC+03:00]]
|team1=[[Arbil SC|Arbil]] {{flagicon|IRQ}}
|score=2–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6023&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Abdelrazaq Al Hussain|Al Hussain]] {{goal|45+1|pen.|47|pen.}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Erbil]], [[Iraq]]
|stadium=[[Franso Hariri Stadium]]
|attendance=5,000
|referee=[[Ali Sabbagh]] ([[Federation Libanaise de Football|Lebanon]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=25 April 2012
|time=16:00 [[UTC+03:00]]
|team1=[[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] {{flagicon|YEM}}
|score=4–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6024&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Paul Effiong Duke|Duke]] {{goal|6||34}} [[Abdulelah Sharyan|Sharyan]] {{goal|59}} [[Yaser Ali Al-Gabr|Al-Gabr]] {{goal|71}}
|goals2=[[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] {{goal|78}}
|location=[[Zarqa]], [[Jordan]]
|stadium=[[Prince Mohammed Stadium]]
|attendance=600
|referee=[[Khurram Shahzad (referee)|Khurram Shahzad]] ([[Pakistan Football Federation|Pakistan]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=9 May 2012
|time=15:30 [[UTC+05:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-cup-2012-schedule-results?fixtureid=6026&stageid=229&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kazma SC|Kazma]]
|goals1=[[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] {{goal|18}}
|goals2=[[Ismail Sulaiman Al Ajmi|Al Ajmi]] {{goal|8}} [[Mishari Al Azmi|Al Azmi]] {{goal|90+1}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=1,000
|referee=[[Kim Sang-Woo (referee)|Kim Sang-Woo]] ([[Korea Football Association|Korea Republic]])
}}
 
----

===2013 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2013 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2013 AFC Cup]] after winning the [[2012 Indian Federation Cup|2012 Federation Cup]]. This was their seventh appearance in the [[AFC Cup]] and fourth in succession since 2009–10. East Bengal was grouped with [[Selangor FA|Selangor]] of Malaysia, [[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]] of Singapore and [[Xuân Thành Sài Gòn F.C.|Sai Gon Xuan Thanh]] of Vietnam in Group H. In the opening game, East Bengal defeated Selangor 1–0 at home courtesy of a solitary strike from [[Lalrindika Ralte]] in the first half. East Bengal played Sai Gon Xuan Thanh in the next match away in [[Ho Chi Minh City]] and drew 0–0. In the third match, East Bengal defeated Tampines Rovers 4–2 away from home with Australian forward [[Andrew Barisić]] scoring twice while [[Chidi Edeh]] scored one and the other came as an own-goal. East Bengal won against Rovers again in the next match at home by 2–1 with goals from Chidi Edeh and Lalrindika Ralte. East Bengal drew 2–2 against Selangor in the fifth match away in [[Shah Alam]]. [[Penn Orji]] and Lalrindika Ralte scored for the team. In the last match of the group stage, East Bengal defeated Sai Gon Xuan Thanh 4–1 with Penn Orji netting a brace, Chidi and Barisić netting one each. East Bengal topped the group with four wins and two draws without any defeats and confirmed a pre-quarterfinal fixture at home against [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]]. On 15 May, East Bengal defeated Yangon United 5–1 at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] with Chidi Edeh scoring a hattrick for the team while Penn Orji and [[Mehtab Hossain]] scored one each as East Bengal reached the quarter-finals. East Bengal coach [[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor Morgan]] resigned and Brazilian coach [[Marcos Falopa]] took charge. East Bengal was drawn against [[Semen Padang F.C.|Semen Padang]] of [[Indonesia]] in the quarter-finals. In the first leg at home, on 17 September, East Bengal won 1–0 courtesy of a second-half goal from Japanese forward [[Ryuji Sueoka]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} In the return leg, on 24 September, East Bengal made history as they drew 1–1 against Semen Padang with [[James Moga]] equalising for the team in the second half and secured a place in the AFC Cup semi-final, the second Indian team to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/east-bengal-enter-afc-cup-semi-final-after-1-1-draw-with-semen-padang-640980.html|title=East Bengal enter AFC Cup semi-final after 1-1 draw with Semen Padang|work=News 18|date=24 September 2013 |access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109193751/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/east-bengal-enter-afc-cup-semi-final-after-1-1-draw-with-semen-padang-640980.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2013/09/24/east-bengal-reach-semi-final-afc-cup-create-history/|title=East bengal creates history as they reach the Semi Final of AFC Cup|work=Indian Football Network|date=24 September 2013 |access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127145913/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2013/09/24/east-bengal-reach-semi-final-afc-cup-create-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal managed to remain undefeated in the tournament until the semi-finals, where they were drawn against the defending champions [[Kuwait SC|Al-Kuwait]]. On 1 October, East Bengal played the first leg in [[Kuwait City]] and lost 4–2. [[Uga Okpara]] and Lalrindika Ralte scored for the team.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} On 22 October, East Bengal faced Kuwait for the return leg at the Salt Lake Stadium in front of a record 50,000 crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/62-198-spectators-set-record-for-highest-afc-cup-attendance|title=62198 Spectators set record for highest AFC Cup attendance|work=The AFC|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110000051/http://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/62-198-spectators-set-record-for-highest-afc-cup-attendance|url-status=live}}</ref> However, East Bengal was defeated 3–0 by the eventual champions and thus ended their journey in the tournament.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

====Group stage====
{{main|2013 AFC Cup group stage#Group H}}
{{:2013 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group H|showteam=KEB}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date=27 February 2013
|time=15:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7124&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Selangor FA|Selangor]]
|goals1=[[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=3,000
|referee=[[Tayeb Shamsuzzaman]] ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date=13 March 2013
|time=18:30 [[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]]
|team1=[[Xuân Thành Sài Gòn F.C.|Sai Gon Xuan Thanh]] {{flagicon|VIE}}
|score=0–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7125&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Vietnam]]
|stadium=[[Thống Nhất Stadium]]
|attendance=5,000
|referee=[[Ko Hyung-Jin]] ([[Korea Football Association|Korea Republic]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date=3 April 2013
|time=19:45 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]
|team1=[[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]] {{flagicon|SIN}}
|score=2–4
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7128&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Sead Hadžibulić|Hadžibulić]] {{goal|28}} [[Khairul Amri|Amri]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2=[[Anaz Hadee|Hadee]] {{goal|19|o.g.}} [[Andrew Barisić|Barisić]] {{goal|62||87}} [[Chidi Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|64}}
|location=[[Jalan Besar]], [[Singapore]]
|stadium=[[Jalan Besar Stadium]]
|attendance=1,082
|referee=[[Chaiya Mahapab]] ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date=9 April 2013
|time=15:15 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=2–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7130&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|SIN}} [[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]]
|goals1=[[Chidi Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|22}} [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2=[[Shaiful Esah|Esah]] {{goal|68}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=7,000
|referee=[[Nivon Robesh Gamini]] ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date=23 April 2013
|time=20:45 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]
|team1=[[Selangor FA|Selangor]] {{flagicon|MAS}}
|score=2–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7132&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Abdul Shukur Jusoh|Shukur]] {{goal|79}} Adib {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2=[[Penn Orji|Orji]] {{goal|23}} [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|54}}
|location=[[Shah Alam]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=[[Shah Alam Stadium]]
|attendance=1,000
|referee=[[Ng Kai Lam]] ([[Hong Kong Football Association|Hong Kong]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date=30 April 2013
|time=16:30 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=4–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7134&stageid=279&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|VIE}} [[Xuân Thành Sài Gòn F.C.|Sai Gon Xuan Thanh]]
|goals1=[[Chidi Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|8|pen.}} [[Andrew Barisić|Barisić]] {{goal|45}} [[Penn Orji|Orji]] {{goal|53||59}}
|goals2=[[Christian Nsi Amougou|Amougou]] {{goal|61}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=2,500
|referee=[[Fahad Al-Mirdasi]] ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Round of 16
|result = W
|date=15 May 2013
|time=18:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=5–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7469&stageid=292&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|MYA}} [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]]
|goals1=[[Penn Orji|Orji]] {{goal|2}} [[Chidi Edeh|Edeh]] {{goal|25||72||77}} [[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]] {{goal|48}}
|goals2=[[César Augusto Hermenegildo|César]] {{goal|79}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=8,000
|referee=[[Minoru Tōjō]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Quarter-Final
|result = W
|date=17 September 2013
|time=16:30 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7662&stageid=292&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IDN}} [[Semen Padang F.C.|Semen Padang]]
|goals1=[[Ryuji Sueoka|Sueoka]] {{goal|70}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=30,000
|referee=[[Jumpei Iida]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Quarter-Final
|result = D
|date=24 September 2013
|time=15:00 [[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]]
|team1=[[Semen Padang F.C.|Semen Padang]] {{flagicon|IDN}}
|score=1–1
|aggregatescore = 1–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7666&stageid=292&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Edward Junior Wilson|Wilson]] {{goal|23}}
|goals2=[[James Moga|Moga]] {{goal|78}}
|location=[[Padang]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Haji Agus Salim Stadium]]
|attendance=11,350
|referee=[[Marai Al Awaji]] ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = L
|date=1 October 2013
|time=19:30 [[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]]
|team1=[[Kuwait SC|Al-Kuwait]] {{flagicon|KUW}}
|score=4–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7669&stageid=292&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Issam Jemâa|Jemâa]] {{goal|17||33}} [[Waleed Ali|Ali]] {{goal|32}} [[Chadi Hammami|Hammami]] {{goal|48}}
|goals2=[[Uga Okpara|Okpara]] {{goal|65}} [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|87}}
|location=[[Kuwait City]], [[Kuwait]]
|stadium=[[Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium|Al Kuwait Stadium]]
|attendance=1,000
|referee=[[Tan Hai (referee)|Tan Hai]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China PR]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = L
|date=22 October 2013
|time=16:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–3
|aggregatescore = 2–7
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/afcasfeeds/?fixtureid=7671&stageid=292&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|KUW}} [[Kuwait SC|Al-Kuwait]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Rogério de Assis Silva Coutinho|Rogerinho]] {{goal|43}} [[Abdulhadi Khamis|Khamis]] {{goal|44}} [[Abhishek Das (footballer)|Das]] {{goal|87|o.g.}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=50,000
|referee=[[Strebre Delovski]] ([[Football Federation Australia|Australia]])
}}

 
----

===2015 AFC Cup===
{{Main|2015 AFC Cup}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2015 AFC Cup]] after finishing runner-up in the [[2013–14 I-League]].{{efn|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] entered the AFC Cup instead of [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]], the [[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup]] winners.<ref>{{cite web|title=East Bengal Get Berth in AFC Cup East Zone|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/234137-east-bengal-get-berth-in-afc-cup-east-zone|publisher=NDTV|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210083514/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/234137-east-bengal-get-berth-in-afc-cup-east-zone|archive-date=10 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} This was their eighth qualification into the [[AFC Cup]]. They were placed in Group F alongside [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] of Malaysia, [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] of Hong Kong and [[Balestier Khalsa FC|Balestier Khalsa]] of Singapore. In the opening game, East Bengal lost 4–1 against Johor Darul Ta'zim away at [[Johor Bahru]]. [[Ranti Martins]] scored the only goal for the team.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} In the second game, East Bengal drew 1–1 against Kitchee, the champions of [[2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League]]. Ranti Martins scored again for the team.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=10 Mar 2015|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/east-bengal-hold-kitchee-sc-1-1-in-afc-cup_1559468.html|title=East Bengal hold Kitchee SC 1-1 in AFC Cup|work=Zee News|accessdate=5 October 2021|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005172044/https://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/east-bengal-hold-kitchee-sc-1-1-in-afc-cup_1559468.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the third match, East Bengal lost 2–1 against Balestier Khalsa away in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|date=18 March 2015|url=https://www.espn.in/football/league-name/story/2354236/headline|title=Balestier Khalsa beat East Bengal in AFC Cup, JDT and Warriors lose|work=ESPN|accessdate=5 October 2021|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005170543/https://www.espn.in/football/league-name/story/2354236/headline|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal however, came back strong in the fourth match when they faced Balestier Khalsa again at home and won 3–0 with goals from [[Baldeep Singh (footballer, born 1987)|Baldeep Singh]], Ranti martins and an own-goal from Khalsa defender [[Nurullah Hussein]]. In the fifth match, East Bengal lost 1–0 at home to Johor Darul Ta'zim and in the last match of the group stage, East Bengal drew 2–2 against Kitchee away at Hong Kong with goals from Ranti Martins and [[Cavin Lobo]] as East Bengal finished third in the group with five points and were eliminated from the tournament.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

{{notelist}}

====Group stage====
{{main|2015 AFC Cup group stage#Group F}}
{{:2015 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group F|teamwidth=180|show_matches=no|showteam=EBG}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=24 February 2015
|time=20:45 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]
|team1=[[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] {{flagicon|MAS}}
|score=4–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9069&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Nazrin Nawi|Nazrin]] {{goal|9}} [[Mohd Safiq Rahim|Safiq]] {{goal|38|pen.}} [[Suppiah Chanturu|Suppiah]] {{goal|47}} [[Safee Sali|Safee]] {{goal|53}}
|goals2=[[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|35}}
|location=[[Johor Bahru]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=[[Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium|Larkin Stadium]]
|attendance=12,212
|referee=[[Sivakorn Pu-Udom]] ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date=10 March 2015
|time=18:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9071&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|HKG}} [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]]
|goals1=[[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|74}}
|goals2=[[Juan Belencoso|Belencoso]] {{goal|30}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=3,501
|referee=[[Hiroyuki Kimura (referee)|Hiroyuki Kimura]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=17 March 2015
|time=20:00 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]
|team1=[[Balestier Khalsa FC|Balestier Khalsa]] {{flagicon|SIN}}
|score=2–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9072&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Jonathan Xu]] {{goal|6}} [[Miroslav Krištić|Krištić]] {{goal|19}}
|goals2=[[Dudu Omagbemi|Omagbemi]] {{goal|82}}
|location=[[Jalan Besar]], [[Singapore]]
|stadium=[[Jalan Besar Stadium]]
|attendance=1,215
|referee=[[Kao Jung-fang]] ([[Chinese Taipei Football Association|Chinese Taipei]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date=14 April 2015
|time=18:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=3–0
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9074&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|SIN}} [[Balestier Khalsa FC|Balestier Khalsa]]
|goals1=[[Baldeep Singh (footballer, born 1987)|B. Singh]] {{goal|22}} [[Nurullah Hussein|Hussein]] {{goal|71|o.g.}} [[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|75}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=1,500
|referee=[[Kim Dae-yong]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date=28 April 2015
|time=18:00 [[UTC+05:30|UTC+5:30]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–1
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9077&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Raju Gaikwad|Gaikwad]] {{goal|6|o.g.}}
|location=[[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=100
|referee=[[Nivon Robesh Gamini]] ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date=12 May 2015
|time=20:35 [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]
|team1=[[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] {{flagicon|HKG}}
|score=2–2
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=9078&stageid=353&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Lam Ka Wai]] {{goal|15}} [[Xu Deshuai]] {{goal|59}}
|goals2=[[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|80}} [[Cavin Lobo|Lobo]] {{goal|89}}
|location=[[Kowloon]], [[Hong Kong]]
|stadium=[[Mong Kok Stadium]]
|attendance=1,372
|referee=[[Yousef Al-Marzouq]] ([[Kuwait Football Association|Kuwait]])
}}

==AFC Champions League Two==
{{Main|AFC Champions League Two}}

The [[AFC Champions League Two]] is an annual continental club [[association football|football]] competition organised by the [[Asian Football Confederation]]. It is the second-tier competition of Asian club football, ranked below the [[AFC Champions League Elite]] and above the [[AFC Challenge League]]. The tournament was founded in 2004 as the [[AFC Cup]], which was played primarily among clubs from nations that did not receive direct qualifying slots to the top-tier AFC Champions League. In 2024, the AFC introduced a revamped second-tier club competition under the name AFC Champions League Two, with the records and statistics of the AFC Cup transferring to the new competition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=AFC Executive Committee approves biggest prize purse in Asian club football history from 2024/25; announces AFC Women's Champions League |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/about_afc/committees/executive_committee/news/afc_executive_committee_approves_biggest_prize_purse_in_asian_club_football_history_from_202425_announces_afc_women%E2%80%99s_champions_league.html |website=AFC|access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AFC Club Competitions 2024/25 Slot Allocation |url=https://www.fas.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Encl-3-AFC-Club-Competitions-2024-25-Slot-Allocation.pdf|website=Football Association of Singapore|access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref>

===2024–25 AFC Champions League Two===
{{Main|2024–25 AFC Champions League Two}}

East Bengal qualified for the [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Two]] qualifying rounds after becoming champions of the [[2024 Super Cup (India)|2024 Super Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Sadhu|date=29 January 2024|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/football/east-bengal-back-in-asia-how-ebfc-turned-the-tables-over-mohun-bagan-before-kolkata-derby-2024-article-107234124|title=East Bengal Back In Asia: How EBFC Have Finally Turned The Tables Over Mohun Bagan Before Kolkata Derby|work=Times Now|accessdate=1 June 2024}}</ref> East Bengal is set to face [[FC Altyn Asyr|Altyn Asyr]] of Turkmenistan in the preliminary round match on 14 August 2024 as the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in a single-legged playoff match, with the winners progressing into the AFC Champions League Two group stages while the losers would progress to the [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League]] group stage.<ref>{{cite web|first=Uttiyo|last=Sarkar|date=14 June 2024|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-east-bengal-set-face-altyn-asyr-afc-asian-champions-league-two-qualifier-202406|title=East Bengal set to face Altyn Asyr in AFC Asian Champions League Two qualifier|work=Khel Now|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> East Bengal lost 2–3 in the play-off match and got a spot in the AFC Challenge League Group Stages.<ref name=EBAltynAsyr/>

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvFCAA
|date=14 August 2024
|round=Preliminary round
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|score= 2–3
|aet=
|report=https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20242025/2455048
|team2= {{flagicon|TKM}} [[FC Altyn Asyr|Altyn Asyr]]
|goals1=* [[David Lalhlansanga|David]] {{goal|7}}
* [[Saúl Crespo|Crespo]] {{goal|59}}
|goals2=* [[Myrat Annaýew|Myrat]] {{goal|18}}
* Selim Nurmuradow {{goal|28}}
* [[Mihail Titow|Mihail]] {{goal|52}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|referee={{flagicon|AUS}} Alexander King
|motm=
|attendance=27,892
|result=L
}}

==AFC Challenge League==
{{main|AFC Challenge League}}
The [[AFC Challenge League]] is an annual [[continent]]al club [[association football|football]] competition organised by the [[Asian Football Confederation]]. The competition is played among clubs from nations that did not receive direct qualifying slots to the top-tier [[AFC Champions League Elite]] or the second-tier [[AFC Champions League Two]], based on the [[AFC club competitions ranking]].

===2024–25 AFC Challenge League===
{{Main|2024–25 AFC Challenge League}}

East Bengal lost against [[FC Altyn Asyr|Altyn Asyr]] in the preliminary round play-off match 3–2 at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] on 14 August 2024 and got a direct entry into the group stage of the [[2024–25 AFC Challenge League]].<ref name=EBAltynAsyr/> On 22 August, the group stage draw was held at [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] and East Bengal was grouped in Group A along with hosts [[Paro FC|Paro]] from Bhutan, [[Bashundhara Kings]] from Bangladesh and [[Nejmeh SC|Nejmeh]] from Lebanon with all matches of the group stage being played at the [[Changlimithang Stadium]] in [[Thimphu]], Bhutan.<ref name=EBAFCGL>{{cite web|date=22 August 2024|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-east-bengals-opponent-revealed-for-afc-challenge-league-group-stage-202408|title=East Bengal's opponent revealed for AFC Challenge League Group Stage 2024-25|work=Khel Now|accessdate=22 August 2024}}</ref> On 26 October, East Bengal opened their campaign with a 2–2 draw against host Paro with [[Madih Talal]] and [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]] scoring for East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 October 2024|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_challenge_league.html/news/group-a-md1-east-bengal-ind-x-x-paro-fc-bhu-1|title=Group A - MD1: East Bengal (IND) 2-2 Paro FC (BHU)|work=the-afc.com|accessdate=26 October 2024}}</ref><ref name=EBvsParo>{{cite web|date=26 October 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/paro-vs-east-bengal-afc-challenge-league-2024-25-pfc-v-ebfc-result-score-news-goals-highlights/article68800147.ece|title=AFC Challenge League 2024-25: Diamantakos’ equaliser gives East Bengal point against Paro FC in opener|work=Sportstar|accessdate=26 October 2024}}</ref> On 29 October, East Bengal faced Basundhara Kings and won 4–0 with goals from Dimitrios Diamantakos, [[Souvik Chakrabarti]], [[Nandhakumar Sekar]] and [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]].<ref>{{cite web|date=29 October 2024|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_challenge_league.html/news/group-a-md2-bashundhara-kings-ban-0-4-east-bengal-ind|title=Group A - MD2: Bashundhara Kings (BAN) 0-4 East Bengal (IND)|work=the-afc.com|accessdate=29 October 2024}}</ref><ref name=EBvsBasundhara>{{cite web|first=Utathya|last=Nag|date=29 October 2024|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/afc-challenge-league-2024-25-east-bengal-vs-bashundhara-kings-report|title=AFC Challenge League 2024-25: East Bengal beat Bashundhara Kings 4-0|work=Olympics|accessdate=29 October 2024}}</ref> On 1 November, East Bengal faced the Lebanon champions Nejmeh in a must win tie and won 3–2 with [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]] scoring a brace apart from an own goal from [[Baba Abdulai Musah]] as East Bengal finished top of the table to qualify for the quarter-finals of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 November 2024|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_challenge_league.html/news/group-a-east-bengal-edge-nejmeh-to-finish-top|title=Group A: East Bengal edge Nejmeh to finish top|work=the-afc.com|accessdate=1 November 2024}}</ref><ref name=EBvsNejmeh>{{cite web|date=1 November 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-nejmeh-sc-result-score-highlights-afc-challenge-league-quarterfinals-knockouts-qualification/article68819359.ece|title=East Bengal beats Nejmeh SC 3-2 in AFC Challenge League, qualifies for knockout stage in Asia after 11 years|work=Sportstar|accessdate=1 November 2024}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{2024–25 AFC Challenge League group tables|Group A|show_matches=yes|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules|teamwidth=240}}

====Knockout stage====
{{#section:2024–25 AFC Challenge League knockout stage|Bracket}}

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvPAFC
|date=26 October 2024
|round=Group stage
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1= East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 2–2
|report=https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-challenge-league/20242025/2483306
|team2= {{flagicon|BHU}} [[Paro FC|Paro]]
|goals1=* [[Madih Talal|Talal]] {{goal|5}}
* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|69}}
|goals2=* [[William Opoku|Opoku]] {{goal|9|pen}}
* Evans Asante {{goal|45+4}}
|location= [[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]]
|stadium= [[Changlimithang Stadium]]
|referee={{flagicon|JOR}} Md. Mofeed Ghabayen
|motm=
|attendance=3,800
|result=D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=BKFCvEAB
|date=29 October 2024
|round=Group stage
|time=20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1= [[Bashundhara Kings]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|score= 0–4
|report=https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-challenge-league/20242025/2483310
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|1}}
* [[Souvik Chakrabarti|Chakrabarti]] {{goal|20}}
* [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|26}}
* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Ali]] {{goal|33}}
|location= [[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]]
|stadium= [[Changlimithang Stadium]]
|referee={{flagicon|BHR}} Mohamed Khaled Tarrar Deham
|motm=
|attendance= 200
|result=W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvNJFC
|date=1 November 2024
|round=Group stage
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1= East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 3–2
|report=https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-challenge-league/20242025/2483311
|team2= {{flagicon|LBN}} [[Nejmeh SC|Nejmeh]]
|goals1=* [[Baba Abdulai Musah|Musah]] {{goal|8|o.g.}}
* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|15||77|pen}}
|goals2=* Collins Opare {{goal|18}}
* Hussain Monther {{goal|43}}
|location= [[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]]
|stadium= [[Changlimithang Stadium]]
|referee={{flagicon|THA}} Songkran Bunmeekiart
|attendance= 437
|result=W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = EABvARK
|date = {{Start date|2025|3|5|df=y}}
|round = Quarter-final
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = East Bengal {{fbaicon|IND}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{fbaicon|TKM}} [[FK Arkadag|Arkadag]]
|goals1 = * [[Raphaël Messi Bouli|Messi Bouli]] {{yel|41}}
* [[Héctor Yuste|Yuste]] {{yel|57}}
* [[Cleiton Silva|Cleiton]] {{yel|89}}
|goals2 =* Gurbanow {{goal|10}}
* Hojayev {{yel|44}}
* Ballakow {{yel|79}}
* Atayew {{yel|89}}
|stadium = [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|Salt Lake Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|attendance = 25,497
|referee = {{flagicon|QAT}} Mohammed Ahmed Al Shammari
|result = L
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-challenge-league/20242025/2489962
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = ARKvEAB
|date = {{Start date|2025|3|12|df=y}}
|round = Quarter-final
|time =16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[FK Arkadag|Arkadag]] {{fbaicon|TKM}}
|score =2–1
|team2 = {{fbaicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1 =*[[Didar Durdyýew|Durdyýew]] {{yel|41}}
*Rejebow {{yel|45}}
*[[Mekan Saparow|Saparow]] {{yel|55}}
*[[Altymyrat Annadurdyýew|Annadurdyýew]] {{goal|89|pen.|90+8}}
*[[Rasul Çaryýew|Çaryýew]] {{yel|90+3}}
*Beknazarow {{yel|90+5}}
|goals2 =*[[Raphaël Messi Bouli|Messi Bouli]] {{goal|1}} {{yel|57}}
*[[Lalchungnunga]] {{sent off|2|11|33}}
|stadium = [[Arkadag Stadium]]
|location = [[Arkadag]], [[Turkmenistan]]
|attendance =
|referee ={{flagicon|LBN}} Sheikh Ahmad Alaeddin
|result=L|report =https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-challenge-league/latest/2489966
}}

== Other International Tournaments ==

===1953 World Youth Congress, Bucharest===
{{Main|4th World Festival of Youth and Students}}

In 1953, after the [[Calcutta Football League]] was abandoned midway due to riots in Kolkata,<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=27 July 1953 |title=Calcutta Soccer Suspended Again |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5446%2C1782665 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213350/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5446%2C1782665 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=29 July 1953 |title=CALCUTTA LEAGUE SOCCER SCRAPPED |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EQJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2962%2C1899151 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213335/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EQJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2962%2C1899151 |url-status=live }}</ref> East Bengal club received an invitation to participate in the [[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|World Youth Congress]] held in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]].<ref name=timeline1>{{cite web|first=Team|last=Sportstar|date=1 August 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline|work=Sportstar|accessdate=1 July 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629224925/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/east-bengal-100-years-indian-football-ifa-shield-cfl-calcutta-football-league-mohun-bagan-kolkata-derby/article32241569.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The East Bengal team was recommended as the official representative of India by then-president [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]],<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=22 July 1953 |title=A.I.F.F. Permits E. Bengal Club |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CgJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6561%2C1445926 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213336/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CgJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6561%2C1445926 |url-status=live }}</ref> as the best football club of India,<ref>{{cite web|author=Deb|date=31 July 2010|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/an-eventful-journey-through-red-gold-trails-%E2%80%93-the-east-bengal-story-part-2/|title=AN EVENTFUL JOURNEY THROUGH RED & GOLD TRAILS – THE EAST BENGAL STORY (PART 2)|work=The Hard Tackle|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323193511/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/an-eventful-journey-through-red-gold-trails-%E2%80%93-the-east-bengal-story-part-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> as East Bengal had won the prestigious [[IFA Shield]] thrice in a row between 1949–51 and were the holders of the [[Durand Cup]], winning it twice in 1951 and 1952.<ref>{{cite web|first=Deeparnab|last=Rakshit|date=12 November 2020|url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengals-contribution-for-indian-football-at-abroad-in-1940s-1950s/|title=East Bengal's Contribution For Indian Football At Abroad In 1940s & 1950s|work=East Bengal the Real Power|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=5 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705192315/https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/east-bengals-contribution-for-indian-football-at-abroad-in-1940s-1950s/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/football/indian-football/end-of-an-era-ahmed-khan-passes-away/article19570748.ece|title=End of an era, Ahmed Khan passes away|work=Sportstar|date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827193656/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/end-of-an-era-ahmed-khan-passes-away/article19570748.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The East Bengal team led by captain [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]] and football secretary J.C. Guha, thus became the first Indian team to tour Europe.<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=27 July 1953 |title=E. Bengal Soccer Team Leaves Today For Bucharest |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6911%2C1782618 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213336/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6911%2C1782618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=pandavas/> The club also roped in centre forward M. Thangaraj on loan from Wimco & State team for the tour.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 July 1953 |title=Thangaraj To Go With E. Bengal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AQJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4987%2C866179 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213337/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AQJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4987%2C866179 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first match at the World Youth Congress, East Bengal faced [[Grazer AK]] of [[Austria]] and won 2–0.<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=9 August 1953 |title=EAST BENGAL CLUB BEAT AUSTRIA |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1827%2C2622909 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213339/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1827%2C2622909 |url-status=live }}</ref> M. Thangaraj scored both the goals for East Bengal.<ref name=pandavas/> In the second match, East Bengal defeated [[Lebanon national football team|Lebanon XI]] 6–1.<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=14 August 1953 |title=EAST BENGAL WIN AGAIN |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3627%2C2993887 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213337/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3627%2C2993887 |url-status=live }}</ref> M. Thangaraj scored a hattrick, Ahmed Khan, [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]] and [[Masood Fakhri]] scored one each for East Bengal as they entered the semi-finals where they faced the hosts [[Romania national football team|Romania]].<ref name=pandavas/> East Bengal lost 4–0 in the semi-final and met [[Germany national football team|Germany]] in the third-place play-off match. They lost 5–2, with Fakhri and Thangaraj, scoring for the team as East Bengal finished fourth in the tournament.<ref name=pandavas/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|result= W
|round=First Round
|date= 6 August 1953
|time=
|team1=[[Grazer AK]] {{flagicon|Austria}}
|score=0–2
|report=[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1827%2C2622909 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= M Thangaraj {{goal|?||?}}
|location=[[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
|stadium=[[Stadionul Național (1953)|Stadionul August 23]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= W
|round=Second Round
|date= 9 August 1953
|time=
|team1=[[Lebanon national football team|Lebanon XI]] {{flagicon|Lebanon}}
|score=1–6
|report=[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3627%2C2993887 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2= M Thangaraj {{goal|?||?||?}} [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Khan]] {{goal|?}} [[Pansanttom Venkatesh|Venkatesh]] {{goal|?}} [[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
|stadium=[[Stadionul Național (1953)|Stadionul August 23]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=Semi-Final
|date= 12 August 1953
|time=
|team1=Romania {{flagicon|Romania}}
|score=4–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2=
|location=[[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
|stadium=[[Stadionul Național (1953)|Stadionul August 23]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=Third-Place Play-off
|date= 15 August 1953
|time=
|team1=Germany{{flagicon|GER}}
|score=5–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2= [[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal|?}} M Thangaraj {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
|stadium=[[Stadionul Național (1953)|Stadionul August 23]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

 
----

===1991 BTC Club Cup, Bangladesh===

The [[1991 BTC Club Cup|BTC Club Cup]] was organised by the [[Bangladesh Football Federation]] in aid of cyclone and flood victims in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]. Six teams, three each from [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]] participated in the tournament: [[Brothers Union]], [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]] and [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani Limited]] from Bangladesh, East Bengal, [[Mohun Bagan]] and [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] from India.<ref name=btc91>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/dhakaclubcup91.html|title=Dhaka Club Cup 91|work=rsssf|date=20 Feb 2003|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723051230/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesd/dhakaclubcup91.html|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal was grouped alongside Brothers Union and Dhaka Mohammedan in Group A. In the opening match, East Bengal won 1–0 against Brothers Union with [[Bikash Panji]] scoring the solitary goal for the team. In the second match, East Bengal drew 1–1 against Dhaka Mohammedan. [[Imtiaz Ahmed Nakib]] scored for the home side while [[Prasanta Banerjee]] equalised for East Bengal as they progressed into the Semi-finals where they faced Abahani Limited. [[Sheikh Mohammad Aslam]] and [[Rizvi Karim Rumi]] scored the two goals for Abahani as East Bengal lost 2–1 and were eliminated from the tournament. [[Krishanu Dey]] scored a late consolation for East Bengal in the match.<ref name=btc91/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.theindependentbd.com//post/245870|title=Aslam reminisces glory days of football|website=The Independent Bangladesh|date=7 May 2020|access-date=23 February 2022|archive-date=23 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223160716/https://m.theindependentbd.com//post/245870|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=Group A

|update=complete
|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/dhakaclubcup91.html Dhaka Club Cup]

|team1=DMS |team2=EBC |team3=BUC
|result1=KO |result2=KO

|win_EBC=1 |draw_EBC=1 |loss_EBC=0 |gf_EBC=2 |ga_EBC=1
|win_DMS=1 |draw_DMS=1 |loss_DMS=0 |gf_DMS=5 |ga_DMS=2
|win_BUC=0 |draw_BUC=0 |loss_BUC=2 |gf_BUC=1 |ga_BUC=5

|name_EBC={{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|name_DMS={{flagicon|BGD}} [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]]
|name_BUC={{flagicon|BGD}} [[Brothers Union]]


|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=#ccffcc |text_KO=Advance to [[#Semi-Finals|Semi-finals]]
}}

====Bracket====
{{Round4
|3rdplace=no
|widescore=yes
|RD1 = Semi-Finals
|RD2 = Final


| 4 June 1991 | {{flagicon|BAN}} '''[[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani Limited]]''' | '''2''' | {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | 1
| 5 June 1991 | {{flagicon|BAN}} '''[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]]''' | '''1''' | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan]] | 0

| 8 June 1991 | {{flagicon|BAN}} '''[[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani Limited]]''' | '''1''' | {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]] | 0
}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date= 31 May 1991
|time=
|team1=[[Brothers Union]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score=0–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Bikash Panji|Panji]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Bangabandhu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date= 2 June 1991
|time=
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score=1–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Imtiaz Ahmed Nakib|Nakib]] {{goal|2}}
|goals2= [[Prasanta Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal|42}}
|location=[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Bangabandhu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = L
|date= 4 June 1991
|time=
|team1=[[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani Limited]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score=2–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Sheikh Mohammad Aslam|Aslam]] {{goal|22}} [[Rizvi Karim Rumi|Rumi]] {{goal|104}}
|goals2= [[Krishanu Dey|Dey]] {{goal|25}}
|location=[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Bangabandhu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

 
----

===1993 Wai Wai Cup, Nepal===

East Bengal participated in the 1993 Wai Wai Cup held in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] led by coach Shyamal Ghosh and captain Ilyas Pasha. East Bengal was grouped alongside [[Ranipokhari Corner Team|RCT]], [[Nepal national under-20 football team|Nepal Youth]] and Janakpur in the group stages. In the opening match on 5 June, East Bengal defeated RCT 3–0 to start their campaign. Sisir Ghosh scored a brace while Kiron Khongsai scored the third for East Bengal. In the second match, East Bengal drew 1–1 against the Nepal Youth team. Kiron Khongsai scored again for the team while Rajesh Nepali scored for Nepal Youth. In the third match, East Bengal drew again, this time 2–2 against Janakpur with Sisir Ghosh and Sanjay Majhi scoring for the team as they entered the knockout stage. In the semi-final, East Bengal faced Malaysian top division club [[Terengganu F.C. I|Terengganu]] and won 1–0 with a solitary goal from Kiron Khongsai, who scored his third goal in the tournament. In the final, East Bengal faced RCT once again and won 1–0 courtesy of an own-goal by RCT defender Suman Enjon as East Bengal became champions of the tournament, their second title on foreign soil after 1985 Coca-Cola Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/asia/past/1993waiwai.html|title=Wai Wai Cup 1993, Kathmandu (Nepal)|work=IndianFootball.de|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810175416/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/asia/past/1993waiwai.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date= 5 June 1993
|time=
|team1=[[Ranipokhari Corner Team|RCT]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=0–3
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Sisir Ghosh|Ghosh]] {{goal|?||?}} [[Kiran Khongsai|Khongsai]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date= 7 June 1993
|time=
|team1=[[Nepal national under-20 football team|Nepal Youth]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=1–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Rajesh Nepali|Nepali]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= [[Kiran Khongsai|Khongsai]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = D
|date= 9 June 1993
|time=
|team1= Janakpur {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=2–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Maharajan (footballer)|Maharajan]] {{goal|?}} [[Tarun Dey|Dey]] {{goal|?}} {{own goal}}
|goals2= [[Sanjay Majhi|Majhi]] {{goal|?}} [[Sisir Ghosh|Ghosh]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = W
|date= 12 June 1993
|time=
|team1=[[Terengganu F.C. I|Terengganu]] {{flagicon|Malaysia}}
|score=0–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Kiran Khongsai|Khongsai]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Final
|result = W
|date= 15 June 1993
|time=
|team1=[[Ranipokhari Corner Team|RCT]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=0–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Suman Enjon|Enjon]] {{goal|?}} {{own goal}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

 
----

===1996 Coca-Cola International Cup, Nepal===

East Bengal received an invitation and participated in the 1996 [[ANFA Cup|Coca-Cola International Cup]] held in Nepal as a part of their pre-season preparation for the [[1996-97 National Football League (India)|1996–97 National Football League]]. East Bengal was grouped alongside [[Sankata Boys S.C.|Sankata Boys]] and [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]] in the group stages. In the first game, East Bengal lost 2–1 against Sankata Boys but came back strong in the next match against Tribhuvan Club to win 2–1 with Tausif Jamal and Latvian attacker Sergei Kutov scoring for the team and securing a place in the Semi-finals. In the Semi-final, however, East Bengal lost 2–0 against [[Manang Marshyangdi Club|Manang Marshyangdi]] and was eliminated from the tournament.

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date= 22 September 1996
|time=
|team1=[[Sankata Boys S.C.|Sankata Boys]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=2–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= Bijaya {{goal|?}} [[Sunil Tulhadar|Tulhadar]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= [[Sunil Tulhadar|Tulhadar]] {{goal|?}} {{own goal}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date= 24 September 1996
|time=
|team1=[[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Club]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=1–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Saila Maharjan|Maharjan]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= [[Tausif Jamal|Jamal]] {{goal|?}} [[Sergei Kutov|Kutov]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = L
|date= 27 September 1996
|time=
|team1=[[Manang Marshyangdi Club|Manang Marshyangdi]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=2–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Arjun Lama|Lama]] {{goal|?}} [[Chet Narayan|Narayan]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===1996–97 Bangabandhu Cup, Bangladesh===
{{Main|Bangabandhu Cup}}

In 1996–97, before the start of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]], East Bengal and [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] from India were invited to participate in the inaugural Bangabandhu Cup held in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]. A total of twelve teams from different nations participated in the tournament which included hosts [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]], [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Abahani Krira Chakra]], [[Muktijoddha Sangsad KC|Muktijoddha Sangsad]] from Bangladesh, East Bengal and Mohammedan Sporting from India, [[PSM Makassar|Makassar]] from Indonesia, [[Bargh Shiraz F.C.|Bargh Shiraz]] from Iran, [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia Red]] and [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia Blue]], [[FC Kosmos Saint Petersburg|Kosmos]] from Russia, [[Friends Club|Friends]] from Nepal and [[Thai League All-Star Football|Eastern All-Star]] from Thailand.<ref name="BC97"/> East Bengal was grouped alongside Dhaka Mohammedan and Friends Club from Nepal in group B. East Bengal lost both the matches in the group stage, 1–0 to Friends Club and 3–1 to hosts Dhaka Mohammedan and was eliminated from the tournament without a single point.<ref name="BC97"/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date= 1 January 1997
|time=
|team1=[[Friends Club|Friends]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=1–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Sunil Tulhadharan|Tulhadharan]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date= 6 January 1997
|time=
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score=3–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= Sakan {{goal|?}} [[Alfaz Ahmed|Alfaz]] {{goal|?}} [[Mohammed Jewel Rana|Jewel Rana]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= [[Raman Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===2003 ASEAN Club Championship, Indonesia===
<onlyinclude>
{{Main|2003 ASEAN Club Championship}}

The [[ASEAN Club Championship]] is an international club football competition between domestic champion clubs sides run by the [[ASEAN Football Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/asean-club-championship-to-launch-after-getting-afc-and-fifa-backing/|title=Asean Club Championship to launch after getting AFC and Fifa backing|date=6 November 2019|website=SportBusiness|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924172018/https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/asean-club-championship-to-launch-after-getting-afc-and-fifa-backing/|url-status=live}}</ref> Formerly known as the LG Cup, sponsored by [[LG Electronics]]. LG described the competition as a "social marketing experiment". Qualification to the competition was for champions clubs from [[ASEAN Football Federation|AFF]]-affiliated countries only, plus the champions from [[India]] in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/media/afc-statement-on-the-asean-club-championship|title=AFC Statement on the Asean Club Championship | Football News ||website=the-AFC|access-date=2021-09-24|archive-date=2021-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924172018/https://www.the-afc.com/media/afc-statement-on-the-asean-club-championship|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1195231/aff-to-launch-asean-club-championship-in-2020-featuring-top-clubs-from-southeast-asia/ |title=AFF to launch ASEAN Club Championship in 2020 featuring top clubs from Southeast Asia | FOX Sports Asia |access-date=2021-09-24 |archive-date=2019-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106133107/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1195231/aff-to-launch-asean-club-championship-in-2020-featuring-top-clubs-from-southeast-asia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> After winning the [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03 National Football League]], East Bengal was invited to the inaugural [[2003 ASEAN Club Championship]] held at [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} Top clubs from South-East Asia participated in the tournament which included the favourites [[BEC Tero Sasana F.C.|BEC Tero Sasana]] from [[Thailand]] who already reached the [[2002–03 AFC Champions League]] Finals. The star-studded team consisted of Golden Ball winner of [[2002–03 AFC Champions League]]: [[Therdsak Chaiman]]. Other top teams like [[Malaysia Super League|2002 Malaysia Super League]] Champions [[Perak TBG F.C.|Perak FC]] and [[2002 Liga Indonesia Premier Division|Liga Indonesia 2002]] Champions [[Persegres Gresik United|Petrokimia Putra]] participated in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/india/story/2986201/remembering-east-bengals-2003-asean-championship-win|title=Before BFC in 2016, there was East Bengal's ASEAN win in 2003|work=ESPN|date=November 2016 |access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105617/https://www.espn.in/football/india/story/2986201/remembering-east-bengals-2003-asean-championship-win|url-status=live}}</ref>

East Bengal was grouped alongside [[BEC Tero Sasana F.C.|BEC Tero Sasana]] and [[Philippine Army F.C.|Philippine Army]] in Group D. They lost the first match against the favourites BEC Tero Sasana 1–0, courtesy of a solitary goal from [[Therdsak Chaiman]]. The Red and Gold brigade bounced back in style as they defeated the Philippine Army 6–0, with [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] scoring all 6 goals, becoming the only Indian player to score a double hattrick in an International game to date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportslibro.com/football/news/15-facts-and-untold-story-of-bhaichung-bhutia/2476|title=15 Facts and Untold stories of Bhaichung Bhutia|work=Sports Libro|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030193503/https://sportslibro.com/football/news/15-facts-and-untold-story-of-bhaichung-bhutia/2476|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Quarter Finals, East Bengal faced [[Persita Tangerang]] of [[Indonesia]]. Goals from Bhaichung and [[Bijen Singh]] ensured a 2–1 win for the Kolkata side. Bhaichung was again on the scoresheet when East Bengal faced [[Persegres Gresik United|Petrokimia Putra]] in the Semi-Final. The score was 1–1 after 120 minutes and the Red and Golds won 7–6 in the shootout. On 26 July 2003, East Bengal made history as they defeated the favourites BEC Tero Sasana 3–1 with goals from [[Mike Okoro]], Bhaichung and [[Alvito D'Cunha]], hence becoming the first Indian club to win a top-level officially recognised tournament in foreign soil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2003/07/27/stories/2003072705971700.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=East Bengal makes History|date=2003-07-27|access-date=12 April 2020}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> [[Bhaichung Bhutia|Bhaichung]] became the top scorer of the tournament with nine goals. [[Sandip Nandy]] was adjudged as the Best Goalkeeper of the Tournament.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

====Group stage====
{{main|2003 ASEAN Club Championship#Group D}}
{{:2003 ASEAN Club Championship|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=KEB}}

=====Matches=====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|date=14 July 2003
|time=
|team1=[[BEC Tero Sasana F.C.|BEC Tero Sasana]] {{flagicon|Thailand}}
|score=1–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Therdsak Chaiman]] {{goal|85}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|date=16 July 2003
|time=
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
|score=6–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippine Army FC|Philippine Army]]
|goals1=[[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|20|pen|50||53||70||75||88}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Quarter-final
|date=21 July 2003
|time=
|team1=[[Persita Tangerang]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}
|score=1–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Ilham Jayakesuma]] {{goal|62}}
|goals2=[[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|53}} [[Bijen Singh]] {{goal|76}}
|location=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-final
|date=24 July 2003
|time=
|team1=[[Petrokimia Putra]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}
|score=1–1
|aet=yes
|report=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2003/jul/24foot1.htm
|team2={{flagicon|India}} East Bengal
|goals1=[[Jaenal Ichwan]] {{goal|23}}
|goals2=[[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|58}}
|penaltyscore=6–7
|penalties1=
*[[Jaenal Ichwan]] {{pengoal}}
*Indraju {{pengoal}}
*Pdudu Putra {{pengoal}}
*Daniel Fernando {{pengoal}}
*Sasi Kirono {{penmiss}}
*Chan Jhe {{pengoal}}
*Ekwe {{pengoal}}
*Loko {{penmiss}}
|penalties2=
*{{pengoal}} [[Baichung Bhutia]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Bijen Singh]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Suley Musah]]
*{{penmiss}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]]
*{{pengoal}} Chandan Das
*{{pengoal}} [[Douglas Silva (footballer, born 1974)|Douglas da Silva]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Surkumar Singh]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Muttah Suresh]]
|location=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Final
|date = 26 July 2003
|team1 = East Bengal {{flagicon|India}}
|score = 3–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[BEC Tero Sasana]]
|location=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
|stadium=[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]
|goals1 = [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|20}} [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal|46}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|69}}
|goals2 = Panai Kongprapun {{goal|58}}
|referee = [[Jimmy Napitupulu]] ([[Football Association of Indonesia|Indonesia]])
|result = W
}}
</onlyinclude>

 
----

===2004 Pepsi Max Challenge Cup, England===

After winning [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] titles in [[2002-03 National Football League (India)|2002–03]] and [[2003-04 National Football League (India)|2003–04]], East Bengal club tied up with a partnership with [[Premier League]] giants [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] in 2004.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} To commemorate the partnership, East Bengal Club was invited to participate in the 120th anniversary quadrangular tournament of Leicester City in [[England]] along with [[RCD Mallorca|Real Mallorca]] of [[Spain]] and [[C.S. Marítimo|Marítimo]] of [[Portugal]], known as the Pepsi Max Challenge Cup.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=15 July 2004|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/jul/15ebengal.htm|title=East Bengal to play in England|work=Rediff|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=12 January 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112070845/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/jul/15ebengal.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 July, East Bengal faced Leicester City at the [[King Power Stadium|Walkers Stadium]], the home of Leicester, and lost 1–0 courtesy of a penalty goal in the sixty-ninth minute by [[Trevor Benjamin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/eb-a-hit-in-leicester/cid/1047872|title=EB a hit in Leicester|work=The Telegraph|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=9 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609114501/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sport/eb-a-hit-in-leicester/cid/1047872|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal faced [[Primeira Liga|Portuguese Primeira Liga]] side Marítimo in the third-place play-off match the next day and lost 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 August 2004|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/maritimo/detalhe/maritimo-east-bengal-3-0-madeirenses-em-ritmo-de-treino|title=Marítimo-East Bengal, 3-0: Madeirenses em ritmo de treino|trans-title=Marítimo-East Bengal, 3-0: Madeirans on training pace|language=pt|work=Record|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213340/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/maritimo/detalhe/maritimo-east-bengal-3-0-madeirenses-em-ritmo-de-treino|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal lost both the matches in the tournament but the good-will tour ended on a high note as East Bengal club was felicitated at the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]] by the deputy Prime Minister [[John Prescott]].<ref>{{cite web|date=30 July 2004|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-feted-at-house-of-commons/cid/1047453|title=East Bengal feted at House of Commons|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911153259/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-feted-at-house-of-commons/cid/1047453|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Chakraborty|date=23 December 2019|url=http://www.badgebfansclub.in/throwback-east-bengals-partnership-with-leicester-city/|title=Throwback: East Bengal's partnership with Leicester City!|work=BADGEB|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213340/http://www.badgebfansclub.in/throwback-east-bengals-partnership-with-leicester-city/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bracket====
{{Round4
|3rdplace=yes
|widescore=yes
|RD1 = Semi-Finals
|RD2 = Final


| 31 July 2004 | {{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]''' | '''1''' | {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | 0
| 31 July 2004 | {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[RCD Mallorca|Real Mallorca]]''' | '''1 (4)'''| {{flagicon|POR}} [[C.S. Marítimo|Marítimo]] | 1 (3)

| 1 August 2004 | {{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]''' | '''4''' | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[RCD Mallorca|Real Mallorca]] | 2

|1 August 2004 | {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | 0 | {{flagicon|POR}} '''[[C.S. Marítimo|Marítimo]]''' | '''3'''
}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=Semi Final
|date= 31 July 2004
|time=
|team1=[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] {{flagicon|ENG}}
|score=1–0
|report= [http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200407.html Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Trevor Benjamin|Benjamin]] {{goal|69|pen}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Leicester]], [[United Kingdom]]
|stadium=[[King Power Stadium|Walkers Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=3rd Place Play-off
|date= 1 August 2004
|time=
|team1=[[C.S. Marítimo|Marítimo]] {{flagicon|POR}}
|score=3–0
|report= [http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200408.html Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Eusébio Malho de Sousa|Eusébio]] {{goal|12}} [[Selwyn Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|32}} {{own goal}} [[Gustavo Manduca|Manduca]] {{goal|69}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Leicester]], [[United Kingdom]]
|stadium=[[King Power Stadium|Walkers Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===2004 San Miguel International Cup, Nepal===

After winning the 2004–05 [[Calcutta Football League]] title, East Bengal decided to participate in the invitational San Miguel International Cup held in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] as a part of their pre-season preparation for the [[2004-05 National Football League (India)|2004–05 National League]] campaign. The tournament featured six teams which included East Bengal and [[Tollygunge Agragami]] from India, [[Farashganj SC|Farashganj]] from Bangladesh, [[Hannam University]] from South Korea and two teams from hosts Nepal namely [[Nepal national football team|Nepal Red]] and [[Nepal national football team|Nepal Blue]].<ref name=smicup04>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/asia/past/2004sanmiguel.html|title=San Miguel International Cup 2004|work=IndianFootball.de|access-date=24 July 2019|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723191314/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/asia/past/2004sanmiguel.html|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal was grouped with Nepal Red and Farashgunj in Group A. In the opening game on 25 December, East Bengal lost 1–0 to hosts Nepal Red team. Basanta Thapa scored the only goal in the 78th minute of the game.<ref name=smicup04/> East Bengal came back strong in the second match as they defeated Farashgunj 2–1 to reach the semi-finals. Chandan Das and [[Alvito D'Cunha]] scored for the team.<ref name=smicup04/> In the semi-final, East Bengal faced Nepal Blue on 31 December and won 1–0 courtesy of a solitary strike from Brazilian forward [[Paulo Zaltron|Paolo Roberto da Silva]].<ref name=smicup04/> In the final, East Bengal faced the South Korean Hannam University team and after 120 minutes, the score remained 0–0 and East Bengal won 4–2 via penalty shoot-out and lifted their fourth trophy on international soil.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 February 2005|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/east-bengal-beat-hannam-win-san-miguel-cup|title=East Bengal beat Hannam, win San Miguel Cup|work=The Himalayan Times|accessdate=1 October 2005|archive-date=13 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313111836/http://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/east-bengal-beat-hannam-win-san-miguel-cup/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Deeparnab|last=Rakshit|date=12 November 2020|url=https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/2004-san-miguel-cup-champion-at-nepal/|title=2004 San Miguel Cup Champion At Nepal|work=East Bengal the Real Power|accessdate=1 October 2021|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001080315/https://eastbengaltherealpower.com/2004-san-miguel-cup-champion-at-nepal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_positions=n
|section=Group A

|team1=NRD|name_NRD={{flagicon|NEP}} [[Nepal national football team|Nepal Red]]{{efn|name=Nepal|Selection of Nepalese players. Effectively a full national team.}}
|team2=EBG|name_EBG={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|team3=FGJ|name_FGJ={{flagicon|BAN}} [[Farashganj SC|Farashganj]]

|win_NRD=1|draw_NRD=1|loss_NRD=0|gf_NRD=1|ga_NRD=0
|win_EBG=1|draw_EBG=0|loss_EBG=1|gf_EBG=2|ga_EBG=2
|win_FGJ=0|draw_FGJ=1|loss_FGJ=1|gf_FGJ=1|ga_FGJ=2

|col_A=#ccffcc|text_A=
|result1=A
|result2=A
|showteam=EBG
|update=complete|source=[http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/asia/past/2004sanmiguel.html San Miguel International Cup 2004]
}}

====Bracket====
{{Round4
|3rdplace=no
|widescore=yes
|RD1 = Semi-Finals
|RD2 = Final


| 30 December 2004 | {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Nepal national football team|Nepal Red]]{{efn|name=Nepal}} | 0 | {{flagicon|KOR}} '''[[Hannam University]]'''| '''2'''
| 31 December 2004 | {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Nepal national football team|Nepal Blue]]{{efn|name=Nepal}} | 0 | {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]''' | '''1'''

| 1 January 2005 | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Hannam University]] | 0 (2) | {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]''' | '''0 (4)'''
}}

{{notelist}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = L
|date= 25 December 2004
|time=
|team1=[[Nepal national football team|Nepal Red]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=1–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Basanta Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal|78}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result = W
|date= 27 December 2004
|time=
|team1=[[Farashganj SC|Farashganj]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
|score=1–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Masud Khan (footballer)|Khan]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2= [[Chandan Das (footballer)|Das]] {{goal|59}} [[Alvito D'Cunha|D'Cunha]] {{goal|71}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result = W
|date= 31 December 2004
|time=
|team1=[[Nepal national football team|Nepal Blue]] {{flagicon|Nepal}}
|score=0–1
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Paulo Zaltron|Paolo]] {{goal|71}}
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Final
|result = W
|date= 1 January 2005
|time=
|team1=[[Hannam University]] {{flagicon|South Korea}}
|score=0–0
|goals1=
|goals2=
|report=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/east-bengal-beat-hannam-win-san-miguel-cup
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|aet= yes
|penaltyscore= 2−4
|penalties1=
*Je-hun {{pengoal}}
*[[Kim Hae-won|Hae-won]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Mo Sung Wook|Wook]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Kim Jun-tae (footballer)|Tae]] {{penmiss}}
|penalties2=
*{{pengoal}} [[Chandan Das (footballer)|Das]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Paulo Zaltron|Paolo]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Douglas Silva (footballer, born 1974)|Douglas]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Climax Lawrence|Lawrence]]
|location=[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]
|stadium=[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium|Dasarath Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

 
----

===2011 BTV Becamex IDC Cup, Vietnam===
{{Main|BTV Cup}}

After winning the [[2010 Indian Federation Cup|2010 Federation Cup]] and becoming runner-up in the [[2010-11 I-League|2010–11 I-League]], East Bengal club received an invitation to participate in the [[BTV Cup|BTV Becamex IDC Cup]] in [[Vietnam]] and the club accepted the invitation to travel to [[Thu Dau Mot]] as a part of the pre-season campaign for the [[2011-12 I-League|2011–12 I-League]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/East-Bengal-to-tour-Vietnam-skip-Durand-Cup/articleshow/9787412.cms|title=East Bengal to tour Vietnam, skip Durand Cup|work=Times of India|date=29 August 2011 |access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831193301/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/East-Bengal-to-tour-Vietnam-skip-Durand-Cup/articleshow/9787412.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal was grouped alongside [[SHB Đà Nẵng F.C.|SHB Da Nang]] and [[Xuân Thành Sài Gòn F.C.|Sai Gon Xuan Thanh]] from Vietnam and [[Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara|Matsubara]] from Brazil in group B. In the opening match, on 7 October, East Bengal drew 2–2 against SHB Da Nang. East Bengal took the lead twice through [[Khanthang Paite]] and [[Reisangmei Vashum]] but squandered the lead both times as the game ended in a draw.<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|date=7 October 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengals-hopes-for-making-the-semifinal-stage-suffered-a-blow-on-sunday-when-they-conceded-a-late-goal-and-went-down-to-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-fc-0-1-in-the-international-club-football-tournament-being-held-in-vietnam-east-bengal-had-drawn-their-first-match-against-another-vietnamese-side-shb-da-nang-2-2-/articleshow/10289806.cms|title=East Bengal's hopes for making the semifinal stage suffered a blow on Sunday when they conceded a late goal and went down to Vietnam league champions Sai Gon Xuan Thanh FC 0-1 in the international club football tournament being held in Vietnam. East Bengal had drawn their first match against another Vietnamese side SHB Da Nang 2-2.|work=The Times of India|accessdate=30 September 2021|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930162554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengals-hopes-for-making-the-semifinal-stage-suffered-a-blow-on-sunday-when-they-conceded-a-late-goal-and-went-down-to-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-fc-0-1-in-the-international-club-football-tournament-being-held-in-vietnam-east-bengal-had-drawn-their-first-match-against-another-vietnamese-side-shb-da-nang-2-2-/articleshow/10289806.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal suffered another blow as [[Tolgay Ozbey]] was shown a red card in the 89th minute of the game. In the second match, East Bengal lost 1–0 to Sai Gon Xuan Thanh as they conceded in the 89th minute.<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|date=9 October 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-have-conceded-a-late-goal-against-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-during-their-international-btv-cup-match-in-vietnam-on-sunday-/articleshow/10289722.cms|title=East Bengal have conceded a late goal against Vietnam league ..|work=The Times of India|accessdate=30 September 2021|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930113215/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-have-conceded-a-late-goal-against-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-during-their-international-btv-cup-match-in-vietnam-on-sunday-/articleshow/10289722.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the last game of the group stage, on 11 October, East Bengal lost once again to Matsubara by 1–0 and ended their campaign with just 1 point from three matches, without any victories.<ref>{{cite web|first=Archiman|last=Bhaduri|date=11 October 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-were-knocked-out-of-the-eight-team-international-club-tournament-for-the-btv-cup-in-vietnam-by-going-down-to-brazilian-side-matsubara-0-1-in-their-last-group-match-on-tuesday/articleshow/10315016.cms|title=East Bengal were knocked out of the eight-team international ..|work=The Times of India|accessdate=30 September 2021|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930113231/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-were-knocked-out-of-the-eight-team-international-club-tournament-for-the-btv-cup-in-vietnam-by-going-down-to-brazilian-side-matsubara-0-1-in-their-last-group-match-on-tuesday/articleshow/10315016.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result= D
|date= 7 October 2011
|time=
|team1=[[SHB Đà Nẵng F.C.|SHB Da Nang]] {{flagicon|Vietnam}}
|score=2–2
|report=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengals-hopes-for-making-the-semifinal-stage-suffered-a-blow-on-sunday-when-they-conceded-a-late-goal-and-went-down-to-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-fc-0-1-in-the-international-club-football-tournament-being-held-in-vietnam-east-bengal-had-drawn-their-first-match-against-another-vietnamese-side-shb-da-nang-2-2-/articleshow/10289806.cms
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Huỳnh Quốc Anh|Quoc Anh]] {{goal|40}} [[Gastón Merlo|Merlo]] {{goal|88}}
|goals2= [[Khanthang Paite|Paite]] {{goal|22}} [[Reisangmei Vashum|Vashum]] {{goal|52}} [[Tolgay Ozbey|Ozbey]] {{sent off|0|89}}
|location=[[Thu Dau Mot]], [[Vietnam]]
|stadium=[[Gò Đậu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result= L
|date= 9 October 2011
|time=
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–1
|report=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-have-conceded-a-late-goal-against-vietnam-league-champions-sai-gon-xuan-thanh-during-their-international-btv-cup-match-in-vietnam-on-sunday-/articleshow/10289722.cms
|team2={{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Xuân Thành Sài Gòn F.C.|Sai Gon Xuan Thanh]]
|goals1= [[Robin Singh (footballer)|R. Singh]] {{yel|}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Chettri]] {{yel|}} [[Uga Okpara|Okpara]] {{yel|}}
|goals2= Kim {{goal|89}}
|location=[[Thu Dau Mot]], [[Vietnam]]
|stadium=[[Gò Đậu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result=L
|date= 11 October 2011
|time=
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=0–1
|report=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/east-bengal-were-knocked-out-of-the-eight-team-international-club-tournament-for-the-btv-cup-in-vietnam-by-going-down-to-brazilian-side-matsubara-0-1-in-their-last-group-match-on-tuesday/articleshow/10315016.cms
|team2={{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara|Matsubara]]
|goals1= [[Robert Lalthlamuana|Lalthlamuana]] {{yel|7}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Chettri]] {{yel|18}} [[Reisangmei Vashum|Vashum]] {{yel|44}}
|goals2= Oliviera {{goal|22}}
|location=[[Thu Dau Mot]], [[Vietnam]]
|stadium=[[Gò Đậu Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===2015 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup, Bangladesh===
{{main|2015 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup}}

After winning the 2015–16 Calcutta Football League, East Bengal, along with [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] received an invitation to participate in the inaugural [[Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup]] to be held in [[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]. East Bengal accepted the invitation and travelled to Bangladesh as a part of their pre-season campaign for the [[2015–16 I-League]]. East Bengal was grouped along with [[Abahani Limited (Chittagong)|Chittagong Abahani]], [[K-Electric F.C.|K-Electric]] and [[Abahani Limited (Dhaka)|Dhaka Abahani]] in Group B. In the opening match, on 20 October, East Bengal defeated the hosts Chittagong Abahani 2–1. [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]] and Prohlad Roy scored for East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|date=20 October 2015|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/20/tr8a0-fe03-a2/|title=East Bengal makes winning start in Sk. Kamal Club Cup; beat Chittagong Abahani 2-1|work=IndiaFooty|accessdate=29 September 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173410/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/20/tr8a0-fe03-a2/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the second match, East Bengal won 3–1 against [[2014–15 Pakistan Premier League]] champions K-Electric with [[Orok Essien]], Mohammed Rafique and [[Ranti Martins]] scoring the team.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 October 2015|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/85337/Sk-Kamal-Football:-Kolkata-East-Bengal-beat-Karachi-Electric-31|title=Sk Kamal Football: Kolkata East Bengal beat Karachi Electric 3-1|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=29 September 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173404/https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/85337/Sk-Kamal-Football:-Kolkata-East-Bengal-beat-Karachi-Electric-31|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2015|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-make-semis/cid/1476763|title=East Bengal make semis|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=29 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173404/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-make-semis/cid/1476763|url-status=live}}</ref> In the last game of the group, East Bengal drew 0–0 with Dhaka Abahani to top the group and reach the semi-finals,<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|date=24 October 2015|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/24/east-bengal-chittagong-abahani-makes-to-the-sk-kamal-intl-club-cup-semifinals/|title=East Bengal, Chittagong Abahani makes to the Sk. Kamal Int'l Club Cup semifinals|work=IndiaFooty|accessdate=29 September 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173410/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/24/east-bengal-chittagong-abahani-makes-to-the-sk-kamal-intl-club-cup-semifinals/|url-status=live}}</ref> where they faced [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]]. On 28 October, East Bengal defeated Dhaka Mohammedan 3–0 to reach the final of the tournament. Ranti Martins scored twice while Mohammed Rafique scored the other.<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|date=28 October 2015|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/28/east-bengal-beat-dhaka-mohammedan-to-march-into-the-sk-kamal-intl-club-cup-final/|title=East Bengal beat Dhaka Mohammedan to march into the Sk. Kamal Int'l Club Cup final|work=IndiaFooty|accessdate=29 September 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929173416/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/10/28/east-bengal-beat-dhaka-mohammedan-to-march-into-the-sk-kamal-intl-club-cup-final/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the final, on 30 October, East Bengal once again faced the hosts Chittagong Abahani, whom they had defeated in the first game. East Bengal took the lead early after the ball deflected off [[Rezaul Karim (footballer)|Rezaul Karim]] into the net as an [[own goal]] from a powerful shot by Avinabo Bag in the eleventh minute. However, the hosts rallied from behind to score thrice, with [[Eleta Kingsley]] netting a brace and [[Hemanta Vincent Biswas]] scoring the third as East Bengal lost the final 3–1 and finished runner-up.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/10/30/chittagong-abahani-wins-sheikh-kamal-international-club-cup-trophy|title=Chittagong Abahani wins Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup trophy|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=30 October 2015 |access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810161331/https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/10/30/chittagong-abahani-wins-sheikh-kamal-international-club-cup-trophy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastbengaltherealpower.com/news/a-review-of-east-bengals-performance-in-sheikh-kamal-international-club-championship-2015|title=A Review of East Bengal's Performance in Sheikh Kamal International Club Championship 2015|work=East Bengal the Real Power|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810161333/http://eastbengaltherealpower.com/news/a-review-of-east-bengals-performance-in-sheikh-kamal-international-club-championship-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2015 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=KEB}}

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result= W
|date= 20 October 2015
|time= 19:30 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
|team1=[[Abahani Limited (Chittagong)|Chittagong Abahani]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|score=1–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Bello Razaq|Razaq]] {{goal|78}} ([[Own goal|o.g.]])
|goals2= [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Rafique]] {{goal|32}} [[Prohlad Roy|Roy]] {{goal|72}}
|location=[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]]
|attendance=12,000
|referee=Harun Gazi
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result= W
|date= 22 October 2015
|time= 16:30 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=3–1
|report=[https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/85337/Sk-Kamal-Football:-Kolkata-East-Bengal-beat-Karachi-Electric-31 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|PAK}} [[K-Electric F.C.|K-Electric]]
|goals1= [[Orok Essien|Essien]] {{goal|15}} [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Rafique]] {{goal|25}} [[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|49}}
|goals2= [[Muhammad Rasool|Rasool]] {{goal|84}}
|location=[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]]
|attendance=4,000
|referee= Khalek Sheikh
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Group stage
|result= D
|date= 24 October 2015
|time= 19:30 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
|team1=[[Abahani Limited (Dhaka)|Dhaka Abahani]] {{flagicon|BGD}}
|score=0–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]]
|attendance=18,000
|referee= Monir Khan
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Semi-Final
|result= W
|date= 28 October 2015
|time= 19:30 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
|team1=East Bengal {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=3–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|BGD}} [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Dhaka Mohammedan]]
|goals1= [[Ranti Martins|Martins]] {{goal|8||59}} [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Rafique]] {{goal|48}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]]
|attendance=18,000
|referee= Farukh Islam
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round=Final
|result= L
|date= 30 October 2015
|time= 19:30 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
|team1=[[Abahani Limited (Chittagong)|Chittagong Abahani]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|score=3–1
|report=[http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/250980-east-bengal-go-down-1-3-to-chittagong-abahani-in-sheikh-kamal-cup-final Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Eleta Kingsley|Kingsley]] {{goal|45+1||54}} [[Hemanta Vincent Biswas|Biswas]] {{goal|57}}
|goals2= [[Rezaul Karim (footballer)|Karim]] {{goal|11}} ([[Own goal|o.g.]])
|location=[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]]
|attendance=30,000
|referee= Jakir Talukdar
}}

==East Bengal International Tours==

===East Bengal Tour of Burma, 1937===

Pre-Independence, although they had toured [[Myanmar|Burma]] earlier back in 1932, however, then Burma used to be part of the [[British Raj|British India]], hence this can be traced back as the very first International tour East Bengal club made.<ref name=rcgoswami>{{cite book |last=Goswami |first=Ramesh Chandra |title=East Bengal Cluber Itihas |language=bn |publisher=Book Garden |year=1963 }}</ref><ref name=itihaseeb>{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=Itihase East Bengal|year=2000|publisher=Deep|location=Kolkata|language=bn}}</ref> Led by captain Dulal Banerjee in the absence of Paresh Majumdar, the East Bengal team along with their manager J. N. Mukherjee traveled to [[Yangon|Rangoon]] in October 1937. At first, they were supposed to play 3 friendly exhibition matches, however, later, on the demands of the crowd, the East Bengal team played five matches in their maiden international tour. East Bengal won two, lost two, and drew the other among the five matches they played in the tour.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=hariprasad/>

On 13 October 1937, East Bengal played their first game against the Burmese XI at the [[BAA Ground]] and suffered a heavy defeat by 6–0 to the home side. However, East Bengal came back strong in the second match on 15 October against Burmese XI (Reserves) and won by 2–1 with a brace from N. Majumdar. Fred Pugsley scored the only goal for the home team. In the third match on 18 October, East Bengal avenged their defeat from the first match against the Burmese Xi as they won 4–2. Right-out Samad opened the scoring for East Bengal and then Murgesh scored a brace. The Burmese XI had reduced the margin through a penalty just before halftime from a penalty kick by Wellin, but East Bengal scored once again after the break, through Left-inside forward Joseph to restore the three-goal lead. Ba Thaung scored a late consolation for the home team. East Bengal played two more exhibition games at the request of the Burmese crowd, out of which they lost 1–0 in one game and the other finished goalless as they concluded their tour and returned to Calcutta.<ref name=rcgoswami/><ref name=itihaseeb/><ref name=hariprasad>{{cite book |last=Chattopadhyay |first=Hariprasad |title=Mohun Bagan-East Bengal |publisher=Parul Prakashan |year= 2017 |chapter=East Bengal |language=bn }}</ref>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=1
|date= 13 October 1937
|time=
|team1=[[Myanmar national football team|Burma XI]] {{flagicon|MYA|1937}}
|score=6–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|British India}} East Bengal
|goals1= Ba Thaung {{goal|?||?||?}} Wellin {{goal|?||?}} Kannuat {{goal|?}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[Myanmar|Burma]]
|stadium= [[BAA Ground]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= W
|round=2
|date= 15 October 1937
|time=
|team1=[[Myanmar national football team|Burma XI (Reserves)]] {{flagicon|MYA|1937}}
|score=1–2
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|British India}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Fred Pugsley]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= N. Majumdar {{goal|?||?}}
|location= [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[Myanmar|Burma]]
|stadium= [[BAA Ground]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= W
|round=3
|date= 18 October 1937
|time=
|team1=[[Myanmar national football team|Burma XI]] {{flagicon|MYA|1937}}
|score=2–4
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|British India}} East Bengal
|goals1= Wellin {{goal|?|pen}} Ba Thaung {{goal|?}}
|goals2= Samad {{goal|?}} Murgesh {{goal|?||?}} Joseph {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[Myanmar|Burma]]
|stadium= [[BAA Ground]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=4
|date= 20 October 1937
|time=
|team1=[[Myanmar national football team|Burma XI]] {{flagicon|MYA|1937}}
|score=1–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|British India}} East Bengal
|goals1= ? {{goal|?}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[Myanmar|Burma]]
|stadium= [[BAA Ground]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= D
|round=5
|date= 22 October 1937
|time=
|team1=[[Myanmar national football team|Burma XI]] {{flagicon|MYA|1937}}
|score=0–0
|report=
|team2={{flagicon|British India}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[Myanmar|Burma]]
|stadium= [[BAA Ground]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

 
----

===East Bengal Tour of USSR, 1953===
[[File:23 September 1953 - Jugantor - East Bengal vs Dynamo Tbilisi.png|thumb|upright|[[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]], captain of East Bengal and [[Avtandil Gogoberidze]], the captain of [[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dynamo Tbilisi]] before the match.]]

After the great performance at the [[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|1953 World Youth Festival]] in [[Bucharest]], East Bengal was invited to play a series of games by the [[Football Federation of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=18 August 1953 |title=East Bengal Team Accept Invitation By Soviet Union |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6913%2C3282813 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213339/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IwJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6913%2C3282813 |url-status=live }}</ref> The team travelled directly from Bucharest to [[Moscow]] on 19 August and on 21 August, they faced [[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] at the [[Central Dynamo Stadium]] in Moscow in front of a fully packed stadium. Evgeniy Malov scored in the very first minute for the [[1952 Soviet Cup]] champions and Nikolay Senyukov made it 2–0 in the tenth minute for the hosts. East Bengal team regained their confidence as M. Thangaraj pulled one back in the eighteenth minute and [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]] equalised with a brilliantly taken freekick in the twenty-eighth minute. The Torpedo team went ahead again just after the break in the forty-sixth minute courtesy of a goal from [[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1934)|Valentin Ivanov]] but East Bengal managed to equalise once again as Venkatesh found the back of the net in the sixty-fifth minute and East Bengal managed to draw against the Soviet Cup champions 3–3, with half of the team playing barefooted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530821000|title=Ист-Бенгал клаб (Калькутта, Индия) – 3:3. (Е. Малов, Н. Сенюков, В. Иванов). 21.08.53. Москва.|trans-title=East Bengal Club (Calcutta, India) - 3: 3. (E. Malov, N. Senyukov, V. Ivanov). 08.21.53. Moscow.|language=ru|website=fc-dynamo.ru|accessdate=27 Sep 2021|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927210644/https://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530821000|url-status=live}}</ref> For the next match, East Bengal travelled to [[Tbilisi]], where they faced the runner-up of the [[1953 Soviet Top League]], [[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dynamo Tbilisi]]. On 25 August, East Bengal played Dynamo Tbilisi at the [[Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena|Lenin Dinamo Stadium]] in front of a 40,000 packed crowd and suffered a 9–1 defeat. [[Zaur Kaloev]] scored four goals while [[Giorgi Antadze]], Revaz Makharadze, Aleksandre Kotrikadze, Konstantin Gagnidze and Yuri Vardimiadi scored one each. M. Thangaraj scored the only goal for East Bengal in the twenty-fifth minute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530825000|title="Динамо" (Тбилиси) – "Ист Бенгал Клаб" (Калькутта, Индия) 9:1 (5:1)|trans-title=Dynamo (Tbilisi) - East Bengal Club (Calcutta, India) 9: 1 (5: 1)|language=ru|website=fc-dynamo.ru|accessdate=27 Sep 2021|archive-date=1 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601092847/http://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530825000|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal team travelled back to Moscow for their next game on 1 September against [[1953 Soviet Cup]] champions [[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] and lost 6–0. The legendary goalkeeper [[Lev Yashin]] played in the game against East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 September 2010|url=https://fcdm.ru/news/nedelya-v-istorii-31-avgusta-6-sentyabrya-1225|title=НЕДЕЛЯ В ИСТОРИИ (31 АВГУСТА – 6 СЕНТЯБРЯ)|trans-title=WEEK IN HISTORY (AUGUST 31 - SEPTEMBER 6)|language=ru|work=Dynamo Moscow|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928064426/https://fcdm.ru/news/nedelya-v-istorii-31-avgusta-6-sentyabrya-1225|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sergei Korshunov]] and [[Konstantin Beskov]] scored twice, [[Vladimir Ilyin (footballer, born 1928)|Vladimir Ilyin]] and [[Vladimir Ryzhkin]] scored one each for the Russian champions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fc-dynamo.ru/igry/prot.php?id=19530901|title=Динамо (Москва) - Ист-бенгал клаб (Калькутта, Индия) 6:0|trans-title=Dynamo (Moscow) - East Bengal Club (Kolkata, India) 6: 0|language=ru|website=fc-dynamo.ru|accessdate=28 Sep 2021|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120104428/https://fc-dynamo.ru/igry/prot.php?id=19530901|url-status=live}}</ref> The team travelled once again to [[Kyiv]] for their last match of the tour where they faced [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]], the runner-up of the [[1952 Soviet Top League]]. On 6 September, East Bengal played Dynamo Kyiv at the [[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex|Republican Stadium]] in front of a 70,000 packed crowd and suffered a 13–1 defeat, the biggest defeat for the club to date. [[Mykhaylo Koman]] scored four goals for the Ukrainian giants, [[Andrei Zazroyev]], [[Pavlo Vinkovatov]] and Aleksandr Ryzhikov scored a brace each while [[Mykhaylo Mykhalyna]], [[Viktor Fomin]] and Volodymyr Bogdanovich scored one each. 20 year old [[J. Krishnaswamy|Krishna Kittu]] scored the only goal for East Bengal in the second half.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530906000|title=Динамо (Киев) - Ист-Бенгал-Клаб (Калькутта, Индия) 13:1 Киев|trans-title=Dynamo (Kiev) - East Bengal Club (Kolkata, India) 13: 1 Kiev|language=ru|website=fc-dynamo.ru|accessdate=28 Sep 2021|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818065736/http://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530906000|url-status=live}}</ref> The East Bengal players could not cope up with the extreme climate of Soviet Russia and the fatigue of the tour took a toll on the players as they lost last three games before returning to India.<ref name=pandavas>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=27 Mar 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|title=Who were the 'Pancha Pandavas' of East Bengal and what impact did they have in Indian football?|work=Goal|accessdate=28 Sep 2021|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410151927/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/pancha-pandavas-east-bengal-impact-indian-football/v3dy3f4xowaw1borvbizchdqv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/masood-fakhri-pakistan-s-football-wizard-who-captivated-kolkata-maidan-1479643|title=Masood Fakhri: Pakistan's Football Wizard Who Captivated Kolkata Maidan|work=NDTV|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=9 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234600/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/masood-fakhri-pakistan-s-football-wizard-who-captivated-kolkata-maidan-1479643|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|result= D
|round=1
|date= 21 August 1953
|time= 17:00 ([[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]])
|team1=[[FC Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] {{flagicon|USSR}}
|score=3–3
|report=[https://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530821000 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Evgeniy Malov|Malov]] {{goal|1}} [[Nikolay Senyukov|Senyukov]] {{goal|10}} [[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1934)|Ivanov]] {{goal|46}}
|goals2= M. Thangaraj {{goal|18}} [[Pansanttom Venkatesh|Venkatesh]] {{goal|28||65}}
|location= [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
|stadium=[[Central Dynamo Stadium]]
|attendance= 30,000
|referee= {{flagicon|USSR}} P. Belov (USSR)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=2
|date= 25 August 1953
|time= 18:00 ([[UTC+04:00|UTC+4]])
|team1=[[FC Dinamo Tbilisi|Dynamo Tbilisi]] {{flagicon|USSR}}
|score=9–1
|report=[http://www.dinamo-tbilisi.ru/statistika/mezhdunarodnye-tovarishheskie/dinamo-tbilisi-ist-bengal-klab-kalkutta-indiya-91-51/ Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Giorgi Antadze|Antadze]] {{goal|2}} [[Zaur Kaloev|Kaloev]] {{goal|3||22||50||82}} [[Revaz Makharadze|Makharadze]] {{goal|8}} [[Aleksandre Kotrikadze|Kotrikadze]] {{goal|12}} [[Yuri Vardimiadi|Vardimiadi]] {{goal|80}} [[Konstantin Gagnidze|Gagnidze]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2= M. Thangaraj {{goal|25}}
|location= [[Tbilisi]], [[Soviet Union]]
|stadium=[[Central Stadium (Tbilisi)|Beria Dinamo Stadium]]
|attendance= 40,000
|referee= {{flagicon|USSR}} N. Chkhatarashvili (USSR)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=3
|date= 1 September 1953
|time= 17:00 ([[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]])
|team1=[[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] {{flagicon|USSR}}
|score=6–0
|report=[https://fc-dynamo.ru/igry/prot.php?id=19530901 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Sergei Korshunov|Korshunov]] {{goal|30||31}} [[Konstantin Beskov|Beskov]] {{goal|41||57}} [[Vladimir Ilyin (footballer, born 1928)|Ilyin]] {{goal|55}} [[Vladimir Ryzhkin|Ryzhkin]] {{goal|72}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
|stadium=[[Central Dynamo Stadium]]
|attendance= 30,000
|referee= {{flagicon|HUN}} D. Danko (Hungary)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result= L
|round=4
|date= 6 September 1953
|time= 17:00 ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]])
|team1=[[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]] {{flagicon|USSR}}
|score=13–1
|report=[https://fc-dynamo.ru/other/prot.php?id=19530906000 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Andrei Zazroyev|Zazroyev]] {{goal|10||?}} [[Mykhaylo Koman|Koman]] {{goal|?||?||?||?}} [[Pavlo Vinkovatov|Vinkovatov]] {{goal|?||?}} [[Aleksandr Ryzhikov|Ryzhikov]]{{goal|?||?}} [[Mykhaylo Mykhalyna|Mykhalyna]] {{goal|?}} [[Viktor Fomin|Fomin]] {{goal|?}} [[Volodymyr Bogdanovich|Bogdanovich]] {{goal|?}}
|goals2= [[J. Krishnaswamy|Kittu]] {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Kyiv]], [[Soviet Union]]
|stadium=[[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex|Republican Stadium]]
|attendance= 70,000
|referee= {{flagicon|USSR}} N. Balakin (USSR)
}}

 
----

===East Bengal Tour of Myanmar, 2009===

In 2009, under coach [[Subhash Bhowmick]], East Bengal toured [[Myanmar]] in August for a set of friendlies as a part of their pre-season campaign after a heavy training camp in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} East Bengal travelled to [[Mandalay]] to face [[Yadanarbon F.C.|Yadanarbon]] on 16 August and suffered a 2–1 defeat in their opening game of the tour. [[Harmanjot Khabra]] scored the only goal for East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|first=Subhankar |last=Mondal |date=18 August 2021|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/18/1446422/east-bengal-lose-in-myanmar|title=East Bengal Lose In Myanmar|work=Goal|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821120751/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/18/1446422/east-bengal-lose-in-myanmar|archive-date=21 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> East Bengal however, won the next match 3–1 against [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]] on 19 August in [[Yangon]]. Khabra scored once again while [[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] scored a brace for East Bengal. On 21 August, East Bengal played their third match of the tour against [[Okktha United FC|Okktha United]] and won 1–0 courtesy of a solitary strike from newly signed Argentine forward [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Subhankar |last=Mondal |date=18 August 2021|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/08/22/1454083/myanmar-trip-has-been-very-productive-so-far-east-bengals-nirmal-|title=Myanmar Trip Has Been Very Productive So Far - East Bengal's Nirmal Chettri|work=Goal|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824215743/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2009/08/22/1454083/myanmar-trip-has-been-very-productive-so-far-east-bengals-nirmal-|archive-date=24 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 August, East Bengal played their last match of the tour against [[Magwe F.C.|Magwe]] and held onto a 2–2 draw with Monesterolo and [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] scoring the team.<ref name=magwe>{{cite web|first=Amoy |last=Ghoshal|date=24 August 2009|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/24/1457890/east-bengal-end-myanmar-tour-with-a-draw|title=East Bengal end Myanmar tour with draw|work=Goal.com|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026182802/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/24/1457890/east-bengal-end-myanmar-tour-with-a-draw|url-status=dead}}</ref> East Bengal returned to India with two wins, a draw and defeat apiece from four matches in the tour.<ref name=magwe/>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|date= 16 August 2009
|round=Friendly
|time=
|team1= [[Yadanarbon F.C.|Yadanarbon]] {{flagicon|MMR}}
|score= 2–1
|report = [https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/18/1446422/east-bengal-lose-in-myanmar Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2= [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{goal|?}}
|location=[[Mandalay]], [[Myanmar]]
|stadium= [[Bahtoo Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 19 August 2009
|round=Friendly
|time=
|team1= [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]] {{flagicon|MMR}}
|score= 1–3
|report =
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2= [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{goal|?}} [[Edmilson Marques Pardal|Edmilson]] {{goal|?||?}}
|location= [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]
|stadium= [[Bogyoke Aung San Stadium|Aung San Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 21 August 2009
|round=Friendly
|time=
|team1= [[Okktha United FC|Okktha United]] {{flagicon|MMR}}
|score= 0–1
|report =
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo|Monesterolo]] {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]
|stadium= [[Bogyoke Aung San Stadium|Aung San Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date= 23 August 2009
|round=Friendly
|time=
|team1= [[Magwe F.C.|Magwe]] {{flagicon|MMR}}
|score= 2–2
|report = [https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/24/1457890/east-bengal-end-myanmar-tour-with-a-draw Report]
|team2= {{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= ''no information''
|goals2= [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo|Monesterolo]] {{goal|?}} [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho|Beingaichho]] {{goal|?}}
|location= [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]
|stadium= [[Thuwunna Stadium]]
|result= D
|motm=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===East Bengal Tour of Malaysia, 2018===

In 2018, under coach [[Alejandro Menendez]], East Bengal toured to [[Malaysia]] in October for their pre-season campaign before the start of the [[2018-19 I-League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2018-19-east-bengal-pre-season-malaysia/1mqmqqnv7n6yd1qaowsp3phz11|title=I-League 2018/19: East Bengal to train in Kuala Lumpur's MSN Sports Complex|work=Goal.com|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027084536/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-2018-19-east-bengal-pre-season-malaysia/1mqmqqnv7n6yd1qaowsp3phz11|url-status=live}}</ref> In a span of 3 weeks, East Bengal trained at the MSN Sports Complex in [[Kuala Lumpur]] and played a set of four friendly matches against [[Malaysia Premier League]] and [[Malaysia Super League]] teams. On 7 October, East Bengal faced [[UiTM F.C.|UiTM]] in [[Shah Alam]] and won 4–1. Yami Longvah, [[Enrique Esqueda]], [[Mahmoud Amnah]] and [[Jobi Justin]] scored for East Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=7 October 2018|url=http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-win-4-1-against-uitm-fc-in-pre-season-friendly-in-malaysia/|title=East Bengal win 4-1 against UiTM FC in pre-season friendly in Malaysia!|work=ArunFoot|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811074117/http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-win-4-1-against-uitm-fc-in-pre-season-friendly-in-malaysia/|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal was supposed to face [[UKM F.C.|UKM]] on 10 October for their next match but due to heavy rainfall and poor ground conditions the match was cancelled.<ref name=ps2018>{{cite web|date=19 October 2018|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/i-league-2018-19-east-bengal-results-preseason/q21qrrdbpboq1hjf4r3gx1nul|title=I-League 2018-19: East Bengal results in preseason|work=Goal|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213340/https://www.goal.com/en/news/i-league-2018-19-east-bengal-results-preseason/q21qrrdbpboq1hjf4r3gx1nul|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal faced Malaysian Super Division side [[Terengganu F.C. I|Terengganu]] in their next match on 13 October in [[Nilai]] and the match ended 0–0.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 201|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/east-bengal-has-drawn-their-practice-match-against-terengganu-f-c-1.881438|title=হ্যাটট্রিক ড্যারেনের, আমনাদের ম্যাচ ড্র|trans-title=Darren's hattrick, Amna and co. drew match|language=bn|work=Anandabazar Patrika|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928213340/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/east-bengal-has-drawn-their-practice-match-against-terengganu-f-c-1.881438|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal played [[PDRM FA|PDRM]] in their next match on 17 October and won 6–2. Enrique netted a brace, [[Surabuddin Mollick]], [[Bidyashagar Singh]] and [[Jobby Justin]] scored one each while the other was an own goal.<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=17 October 2018|url=http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-pdrm-fa-6-2-in-malaysia-friendly/|title=East Bengal beat PDRM FA 6-2 in Malaysia friendly!|work=ArunFoot|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811074112/http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-pdrm-fa-6-2-in-malaysia-friendly/|url-status=live}}</ref> In their last match on 19 October, East Bengal played [[UiTM F.C.|UiTM Reserves]] and won 1–0 courtesy of a goal from Enrique, who scored his fourth goal of the tour.<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=19 October 2018|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-uitm-fc-reserves-1-0-in-final-malaysia-friendly/|title=East Bengal beat UiTM FC Reserves 1-0 in final Malaysia friendly!|work=ArunFoot|accessdate=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928100456/https://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-uitm-fc-reserves-1-0-in-final-malaysia-friendly/|url-status=live}}</ref> East Bengal finished the tour with three wins and a draw from four matches, while one match was abandoned due to bad weather.<ref name=ps2018/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.90min.in/posts/6202750-east-bengal-looking-solid-for-new-i-league-season-after-successful-pre-season-tour-in-malaysia|title=East Bengal Looking Solid for New I-League Season After Successful Pre-Season Tour in Malaysia|work=90Min.in|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027084539/https://www.90min.in/posts/6202750-east-bengal-looking-solid-for-new-i-league-season-after-successful-pre-season-tour-in-malaysia|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|date=7 October 2018
|round=Friendly
|time= 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[UiTM F.C.|UiTM]] {{flagicon|MYS}}
|score= 1–4
|report = [http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-win-4-1-against-uitm-fc-in-pre-season-friendly-in-malaysia/ Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= {{goal|28}}
|goals2= Yami Longvah {{goal|39}} [[Enrique Esqueda]] {{goal|45|pen}} [[Borja Gomez Perez]] {{yel|60}} [[Mahmoud Amnah]] {{goal|80|pen}} [[Jobi Justin]] {{goal|82}}
|location=[[Shah Alam]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=[[UiTM Stadium]]
|attendance= 200
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=10 October 2018
|round=Friendly
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[UKM F.C.|UKM]] {{flagicon|MYS}}
|score= ({{color|green|ABD}})
|report = '''Abandoned due to bad playing conditions'''
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Nilai]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=USIM Mini Stadium
|attendance=
|result=
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=13 October 2018
|round=Friendly
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Terengganu F.C. I|Terengganu]] {{flagicon|MYS}}
|score= 0–0
|report = [https://www.anandabazar.com/sport/east-bengal-has-drawn-their-practice-match-against-terengganu-f-c-1.881438 Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Nilai]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=USIM Mini Stadium
|attendance=
|result= D
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=17 October 2018
|round=Friendly
|time= 07:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[PDRM FA|PDRM]] {{flagicon|MYS}}
|score= 2–6
|report = [http://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-pdrm-fa-6-2-in-malaysia-friendly/ Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1= [[Petrișor Voinea]] {{goal|49||53}}
|goals2= [[Surabuddin Mollick]] {{goal|30}} [[Enrique Esqueda]] {{goal|43||63}} ?? {{own goal}} [[Bidyashagar Singh]] {{goal|70}} [[Jobi Justin]] {{goal|73||89}}
|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=MSN Ground
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date=19 October 2018
|round=Friendly
|time= 14:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[UiTM F.C.|UiTM Reserves]] {{flagicon|MYS}}
|score= 0–1
|report =[https://www.arunfoot.com/east-bengal-beat-uitm-fc-reserves-1-0-in-final-malaysia-friendly/ Report]
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} East Bengal
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Enrique Esqueda]] {{goal|30}}
|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
|stadium=Sime Darby Field
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}

==Bibliography==
; Books
{{refbegin}}




*{{cite book|last=Goswami|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=East Bengal Cluber Itihas|year=1963|publisher=Book Garden|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Santipriya|title=Cluber Naam East Bengal|year=1979|publisher=New Bengal Press|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Hariprasad|title=Mohun Bagan-East Bengal|year=2017|publisher=Parul Prakashan|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali }}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=Itihase East Bengal|year=2000|publisher=Deep|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali}}
*{{cite book|last=Saha|first=Rupak|title=East Bengal - Prothom Eksho Bochor|year=2020|publisher=The Cafe Table|location=Kolkata|language=Bengali|isbn=978-93-89873-21-4}}
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.the-afc.com/competition/afc-champions-league AFC Champions League], the-AFC.com
*[http://www.the-afc.com/competition/afc-cup AFC Cup], the-AFC.com
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/as2.html RSSSF – Asian Cup Winners Cup]

{{East Bengal FC}}

[[Category:East Bengal FC]]
[[Category:Indian football clubs in international competitions|East Bengal]]

Christian seminaries and theological institutions in India

2026-04-21T11:26:38Z

MichalKohn: done

{{Short description|none}}
The following is a list of major '''Christian seminaries and theological colleges in India'''.

==Overview==
There are three kinds of seminaries in India:
* '''Roman Catholic seminaries''' for churches that are in full communion with the [[Catholic Church]] and are affiliated with the [[Pontifical Universities in Rome]]. The [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] is the only [[Pontifical University|Pontifical University/Athenaeum]] in India.
* '''Evangelical seminaries''' for churches that are part of [[World Evangelical Alliance]] and are affiliated with the [[Asia Theological Association]].
* '''Ecumenical seminaries''' for churches that are part of [[World Council of Churches]] and are affiliated with the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]].
Various bodies coordinate theological education in India (see Theological associations in India).

The majority of the seminary degrees awarded in India are not recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]. The Roman Catholic seminaries are often affiliated with [[Pontifical Universities in Rome]] or [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram|DVK]]. The degrees and doctorates awarded by [[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Senate of Serampore]] and [[Asia Theological Association|Asia Theological Association (ATA)]] are not legally recognized under Section 22 of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]]. The [[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Senate of Serampore]] derives its power to grant degree from the [[University charter|Royal Charter]] granted by King [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]] of [[Denmark]]. Senate of Serampore is also the first institution to grant degrees in India.<ref>Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Higher Education, "Other Universities", Chapter XVI, Calcutta University, ''Three Missionaries, Carey, Marshman and Ward started the first Mission college at Serampore in 1818, and 9 years later it received a charter from the King of Denmark empowering it to grant degree.''{{cite web |url=http://www.education.nic.in/cd50years/n/75/7Y/757Y0H01.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-11-15 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205002724/http://education.nic.in/cd50years/n/75/7Y/757Y0H01.htm |archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref>

The degree titles such as
* [[Bachelor of Theology|Bachelor of Theology (B.Th., Th.B., or B.Theol.)]],
* [[Bachelor of Sacred Theology|Bachelor of Sacred Theology (B.Th. or S.T.B.)]],
* [[Bachelor of Divinity|Bachelor of Divinity (B.D. or B.Div.)]],
* [[Master of Divinity|Master of Divinity (M.Div.)]],
* [[Master of Theology|Master of Theology (M.Th., Th.M. or M.Theol.)]],
* [[Master of Sacred Theology| Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M)]]
* [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology|Licentiate of Theology (L.Th. or S.T.L.)]]
* [[Licentiate of Canon Law |Licentiate of Canon Law (J.C.L.)]]
* [[Licentiate (Pontifical Degree)| Licentiate in Biblical Studies (L.S.S.)]]
* [[Doctor of Ministry|Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.)]],
* [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.Th.D.)]],
* [[Doctor of Theology|Doctor of Theology (D.Th., Th.D. or D.Theol.)]]
* [[Doctor of Canon Law| Doctor of Canon Law (J.C.D.)]] and
* [[Doctor of Divinity|Doctor of Divinity (D.D. or D.Div.)]]
are not listed under [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]] for the purpose of the Section 22 of the Act and hence can be awarded by seminaries without the approval of [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]].<ref>The UGC Commission noted that the Theological degrees granted by Serampore College had not been included among the degrees to be notified by the Commission under Section 22 (3) of the U.G.C. Act and that therefore there would be no bar to the College continuing to award these degrees. https://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/pages/index/ugc-and-serampore-college</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/ugc_act.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=14 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914084309/https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/ugc_act.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/page/ugc-act-1956.aspx|title=University Grants commission ::UGC ACT 1956|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}</ref>

The degree titles such as
* [[Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)]],
* [[Master of Arts|Master of Arts (M.A.)]],
* [[Master of Philosophy|Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)]],
* [[Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. or D.Phil.)]],
* [[Doctor of Letters|Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) or (Litt.D.)]]
are listed under the purposes of Section 22 of [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/1061840_specification-of-degrees-july-2014.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228222027/https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/1061840_specification-of-degrees-july-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and hence only those institutions with university status as approved by parliament within the meaning of Section 2(f) of the UGC Act can confer such titles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/recog_college.aspx|title=Welcome to UGC, New Delhi, India|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}</ref> According to Section 22(2) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]] it is illegal in India for institutions other than those with university status as approved by parliament within the meaning of Section 2(f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]] to confer research, professional or honorary doctorates, academic titles or degree certificate that are listed for the purposes of Section 22 of
the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/page/UGC-ACT-1956.aspx|title=University Grants commission :: UGC ACT 1956|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/page/Fake-Universities.aspx|title = University Grants commission :: Fake Universities}}</ref> Therefore, most seminaries do not award these titles unless affiliated with a university.

Seminary students having degrees that are not listed under [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC Act]] are not eligible to sit for public service examinations, or avail public employment or government research grant, etc. based on their degrees. Since there are no government or UGC approved theological institutions in India that provide degrees in biblical languages and Christian theology, the degrees awarded by these seminaries are accepted and recognised by universities and seminaries outside of India peninsular, especially in Europe and North America, for further studies and research.

==Major seminaries and theological institutions in India==
Some of the prominent Christian seminaries and theological institutions are shown below along with their year of establishment and academic affiliations and accreditation:
* [[Rachol Seminary]] 1609
* [[St. Joseph's Seminary (Mangalore)]] 1763, and re-established on 1879 affiliated to the [[Pontifical Urban University]] in Rome
* [https://www.mangalapuzha.org/ St Joseph Pontifical Seminary] 1764
* [[St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary|St Peters Pontifical Institute]] 1778, Pontifical Institute
* [[Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam]] 1815, member of [https://ffrrc.org/about-us/ Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture (FFRRC)] and affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Mar Thoma Syrian Theological Seminary, Kottayam]] 1926, member of [https://ffrrc.org/about-us/ Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture (FFRRC)] and affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[CMS College Kottayam]] 1815, affiliated to [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]] (Theology faculty is currently defunct)
* [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] 1818
* [[Serampore College]] 1818, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) and [[University of Calcutta]]
* [[Bishop's College, Calcutta]] 1820, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] 1833, [[Pontifical University|Pontifical University/Athenaeum]]
* [[Madras Christian College]], Institute for Advanced Christian Studies 1837, affiliated to [[University of Madras]]
* [[Karnataka Theological College]] 1847, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Vidyajyoti College of Theology]] 1879, Jesuit
* [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]] 1882, formerly affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Jnana Deepa, Institute of Philosophy and Theology]] 1893, Pontifical Institute
* [[Papal Seminary]] 1893, affiliated to Jnana Deepa, Institute of Philosophy and Theology
* [[Aizawl Theological College]] 1907, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[United Theological College, Bangalore]] 1910, Autonomous (B.D.) and affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Mennonite Brethren Centenary Bible College]] 1920, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Thrikkunnathu Seminary]] 1930–31, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
*[https://www.bbcpunalur.org/ Bethel Bible College] 1927, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Indian Pentecostal Church of God|IPC]] [http://www.ibc.ac.in/ India Bible College & Seminary] 1930, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) and accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [[Kerala United Theological Seminary]] 1943, member of [https://ffrrc.org/about-us/ Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture (FFRRC)] and affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Southern Asia Bible College]] 1951, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA) and [[Bengaluru North University]]
* [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]] 1953, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [https://santhom.org/ St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor], 1962, affiliated to Paurastya Vidyapitham, Kottayam.
* [[St. John's Regional Seminary]] 1965, affiliated to [[Roman Curia]]
* [https://www.ptsindia.com/ Presbyterian Theological Seminary] 1969, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [[Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary]] 1969, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) and Madurai Kamaraj University
* [[Faith Theological Seminary, Manakala]] 1970, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) (G.Th, C.Th, B.A in theology, B.Miss, B.D, M.Th, D.Th)
* [https://ctcnagaland.org.in/ Clark Theological College] 1972, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) (B.D, M.Th, D.Th, Diploma in Church Music - DCMM)
* [https://www.ets-india.org/ Evangelical Theological Seminary] of ACA 1973, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [https://nibskerala.org/ New India Bible Seminary] 1975, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Theological Seminary]] 1975, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[New Life College at Bangalore|New Life College, Bangalore]] 1978, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [[North India Institute of Post Graduate Theological Studies]] 1980, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [https://fbcudaipur.com/ Filadelfia Bible College] 1981, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [https://pvpkottayam.in/ Paurastya Vidyapitham, Pontifical Oriental Institute of Oriental Sciences, Kottayam], 1982.
* [[South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies]] 1982, affliated to the [[University of Mysore]] and accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [[Luther W. New Jr. Theological College ]] 1989, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) and accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA).
* [[South Asia Theological Research Institute]] 1989, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
* [[Oriental Theological Seminary]] 1991, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA) and [[Asia Graduate School of Theology]]
* [[Faith Baptist Bible College and Seminary]] 1997, accredited by Association of Baptist Bible Colleges & Seminaries in India
* [http://www.pia.edu.in/ Pontifical Institute of Philosophy and Theology, Alwaye] 1997
* [[Mary Matha Major Seminary]] 1997, affiliated to the [[Université catholique de Louvain]], Belgium
* [[IPC Theological Seminary, Kottayam]] 2001, accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
* [https://www.calebinstitute.org/ Caleb Institute] 2016, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University) and accredited by Asia Theological Association (ATA)
*[[Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture]] 2016, affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)

==Seminaries and Bible colleges==
*[[Academy of Integrated Christian Studies]]
*[[Aizawl Theological College]]
*[[Andhra Christian Theological College]]
* [https://apcbiblecollege.org/ APC Bible College, Bangalore]
* Asian Board For Christian Theology-ABCT Chennai
* Bangalore Bible Institute & College
* [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]]
* Agape Theological seminary,Ernamulam
* Bethel Bible College, Punalur
* [[Bethel Bible College, Guntur]]
* Bible Presbyterian Council College<ref>[https://gethsemanebibleinstitute.in Bible Presbyterian Council College]</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place//data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x3a3943908335a327:0x700bc3256fa3486?source=g.page.m.rc._/ 1]</ref><ref>[http://Instagram.com/gethsemanebibleinstitute 2]</ref>
* [[Central India Theological Seminary]]
* [[Andrew Wommack|Charis Bible College, Mumbai]]
* [[Charlotte Swenson Memorial Bible Training School]]
* [[C.O.T.R Theological Seminary]]
* [[Ebenezer Bible College]]
* [[Ecumenical Christian Centre]]
* Emmanuel Theological Seminary, Kota, Rajasthan
* [[Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women]]
* Evangelical Theological Seminary
* [[Faith Baptist Bible College and Seminary]]
* [[Faith Theological Seminary|Faith Theological Seminary, Jotsoma]]
* [[Gossner Theological College]]
* [[Grace Bible College (India)]]
* Grace Institute For Theological Studies (GIFTS)
* [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]]
* Harvest Mission College (HMC)
* India Bible College & Seminary, Kumbanad
* [[Indian Theological Seminary]]
* IPC Theological Seminary
* International Institute of Biblical Studies
* [[Japfü Christian College, Nagaland|Japfü Christian College]]
* [[Jnana-Deepa Vidyapeeth]]
* [[Karnataka Theological College]]
* Koinonia College of Theology, Pune
* Living Waters Institute of Theology
* [[Luther W. New Jr. Theological College]]
* [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Seminary]]
* Maranatha Theological Seminary, Hyderabad
* [[Maranatha Biblical Seminary]], Vijayawada
* [[Mary Matha Major Seminary]]
* [[Master's College of Theology]]
* Mount Zion Bible College, Mulakuzha
* [[Nagpur St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary]]
* [[North India Institute of Post Graduate Theological Studies]]
* [[Oriental Theological Seminary]], [[Chümoukedima]]
* [[Rachol Seminary]]
* [[Real Colégio de Educação de Chorão]]
* Ruhalaya Major Seminary, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh
*[[SeekersQuest Academy, Bangalore]]
* [[Shalom Bible Seminary, Kohima|Shalom Bible Seminary, Zubza]]
* [[St. Aloysius Seminary, Trivandrum]]
* [[St. John's Regional Seminary]]
* [[St. John's Regional Seminary (Philosophate)]]
* [[St. Joseph's Seminary (Mangalore)]]
* [[St. Mary's Malankara Major Seminary ]]
* [[South Asia Theological Research Institute]]
* South India Faith Baptist College & Seminary, Bangalore
* [[Southern Asia Bible College]], Bangalore
* Southwestern India Bible College, Junnar
* [[Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary]]
* [[Trinity Theological College, Dimapur]]
* [[Union Biblical Seminary]]
* [[Vidyajyoti College of Theology]]
* [[Global Ordination Disciples Diocese Theology Seminary]]<ref>[https://goddiocese.org/ GODDTS website]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Christian colleges and universities in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Christian seminaries and theological colleges in India| ]]
[[Category:Christian organisations based in India]]

Naba Charan Majhi

2026-04-20T05:24:59Z

MichalKohn: new new entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency|Mayurbhanj]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Bishweswar Tudu]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1961|4|18}}
| birth_place = Mahuldiha, [[Rairangpur]], [[Mayurbhanj District]], [[Odisha]]
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Rairangpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rairangpur]]
| term_start1 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor1 = Saiba Sushil Kumar Hansdah
| term_end1 = 4 June 2024
| successor1 = Jalen Naik
| other_party =
| spouse =
| father = Duma Majhi<ref name="AssemblyProfile">{{cite web|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1431 |title=Shri Naba Charan Majhi |website=odishaassembly.nic.in|publisher=Odisha Assembly | accessdate=1 August 2024}}</ref>
| occupation =
| children =
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] (History)
| alma_mater = Rairangpur College, (under [[Utkal University]])
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5672?from=members,https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1431 Odisha Assembly Members Profile
}}

'''Naba Charan Majhi''' is an [[Indian politician]] and [[Lok Sabha]] member from [[Rairangpur]], Odisha. He was elected as a Member of Parliament from [[Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency]]. He is associated with [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha|Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Mayurbhanj, Odisha Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Naba Charan Majhi Wins by a Margin of 219334 Votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/mayurbhanj-odisha-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2547868-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Odisha Lok Sabha Election Result 2024: BJP Won on 20 Seats of Odisha Chunav. Check Stats at results.eci.gov.in |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/odisha-lok-sabha-election-result-2024-check-odisha-chunav-results-at-results-eci-gov-in-latest-updates-here-1717492141-1 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Mayurbhanj, Odisha Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP उम्मीदवार Naba Charan Majhi बने Mayurbhanj लोकसभा सीट के विजेता |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/story/mayurbhanj-odisha-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-chunav-parinam-news-in-hindi-1957682-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{18th LS members from Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahji, Naba Charan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Agar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:40:43Z

MichalKohn: started some data first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Agar
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 166
| map_image = 166-Agar.svg
| district = [[Agar Malwa district|Agar Malwa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dewas Lok Sabha constituency|Dewas]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Madhav Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Vipin Wankhede
}}
'''Agar''' is one of the 230 assembly constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] a central Indian state. Agar is a segment of [[Dewas Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/agar.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Agar (SC) Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref><ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2017-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Sobhagmal Bapulal
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/indore-3.html|website=elections.in|access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan="2"| Madanlal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Bhurelal Firozia
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Madhukar Marmat
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Satyanarayan Jatiya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Bhurelal Firozia
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Shakuntala Bai Chouhan
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Narain Singh Keshari]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Gopal Parmar]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Ramlal Malviya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Rekha Ratnakar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Laljiram Malviya]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Manohar Untwal]]
|-
| 2014^{{ref|bye-election}}
| [[Gopal Parmar]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Manohar Untwal]]
|-
| [[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2020]]^{{ref|bye-election}}
| Vipin Wankhede
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Madhav Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
{{note|by-election}} Bypoll

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Agar<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Madhav Singh]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:102176}}
|percentage = 51.46
|change = +3.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vipin Wankhede
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:89174}}
|percentage = 44.91
|change = -3.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1491}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change = +0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13002}}
|percentage = 6.55
|change = +5.45
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:198573}}
|percentage = 85.03
|change = +1.09
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2020 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Agar<ref name="results.eci.gov.in">{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ACBYETRENDS2020/ConstituencywiseS12166.htm?ac=166 |title=Election Commission of India |newspaper=results.eci.gov.in |access-date= November 11, 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Vipin Wankhede
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:88716}}
|percentage = 48.63
|change = +2.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manoj Manohar Utwal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:86718}}
|percentage = 47.53
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manoj Jharbade
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = {{formatnum:1762}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1279}}
|percentage = 0.7
|change = -0.55
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1998}}
|percentage = 1.10
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:182449}}
|percentage = 83.94
|change = +0.97
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Agar<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Manohar Untwal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:82146}}
|percentage = 47.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vipin Wankhede
|votes = {{formatnum:79656}}
|percentage = 46.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Babulal Malviya
|votes = {{formatnum:2039}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Govind Suryavanshi
|votes = {{formatnum:1978}}
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Sangharsh Dal
|candidate = Sunil Tulseeram Astay
|votes = {{formatnum:1699}}
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2160}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2490}}
|percentage = 1.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:172255}}
|percentage = 82.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Agar Malwa district]]
* [[Agar]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.72|76.01|display=title}}

[[Category:Agar Malwa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Manisha Chauhan

2026-04-13T03:42:18Z

MichalKohn: new a article

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Manisha Chauhan
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|03|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| height =
| weight =
| position = Midfielder
| currentclub = Manipur Hockey
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Uttarakhand
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = Madhya Pradesh Hockey
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = Manipur Hockey
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 =
| clubs4 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| years5 =
| clubs5 = [[Delhi SG Pipers]]
| caps5 =
| goals5 =
| nationalyears1 = 2024–
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 27
| nationalgoals1 = 3
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Rajgir]]|}}
}}
'''Manisha Chauhan''' (born 6 March 1999) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a midfielder for the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian national team]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/manisha-chauhan-makes-her-dream-come-true-for-india/articleshow/115341643.cms |title=Manisha Chauhan makes her 'dream come true' for India |publisher=The Times of India |date=16 November 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/india-debut-was-a-dream-moment-says-young-midfielder-manisha-chauhan |title=India debut was a ‘dream moment’, says young midfielder Manisha Chauhan |publisher=Hockey India |date=13 June 2024 }}</ref>

She made her senior debut for India against Argentina during the European leg of the [[2023–24 Women's FIH Pro League]]. She was part of the Indian squad at the [[2024 Women's Asian Champions Trophy]] which won the gold medal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/cricket-mat-jugaad-drag-flick-how-manisha-announced-her-arrival-101731680693142.html |title=Cricket mat ‘jugaad’ & drag-flick: How Manisha announced her arrival |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 November 2024 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://hockeyindia.org/players/manisha-chauhan-profile-1563 Manisha Chauhan] at [[Hockey India]]

[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey midfielders]]

{{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party

2026-04-02T04:16:42Z

MichalKohn: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party#National Executive]]

Aditya Dhar

2026-03-29T06:12:28Z

MichalKohn: added layout after review

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (born 1983)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Fan POV|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aditya Dhar
| image = Aditya_Dhar_at_IFFI_2019_(cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Dhar in 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age text|12 March 1983}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India.
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| years_active = 2006–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Yami Gautam]]|4 June 2021}}
| children = 1
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|film producer|lyricist}}
| notable_works = *''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
* ''[[Dhurandhar]]''
* ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
}}

'''Aditya Dhar''' (born 12 March 1983) is an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, producer and lyricist who works in [[Hindi cinema]]. Previously worked as screenwriter and lyricist, Dhar made his directorial debut with the 2019 war film ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'', a commercially successful, which earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Direction]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2019 |title='Uri' box office collection Day 53: The Vicky Kaushal starrer military drama is now the tenth highest grosser film ever |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/uri-box-office-collection-day-53-the-vicky-kaushal-starrer-military-drama-is-now-the-tenth-highest-grosser-film-ever/articleshow/68267802.cms |access-date=17 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He followed up with the spy action thrillers ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025) and its sequel ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]'' (2026), which both grossed over [[Indian rupee|₹]][[1000 Crore Club|1,000 crore]] at the box office, making Dhar only the second director to have two films surpass that milestone.<ref>*{{Cite news |date=17 December 2025 |title='Dhurandhar' box office collection day 12: The Ranveer Singh, Akshaye Khanna, R Madhavan starrer continues its winning streak by collecting Rs 30 crore on second Tuesday, crosses Rs 410 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/dhurandhar-box-office-collection-day-12-live-the-ranveer-singh-akshaye-khanna-r-madhavan-starrer-is-unstopptable-on-its-way-to-touch-rs-400-crore-in-india-on-tuesday/articleshow/125999334.cms |access-date=17 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}
*{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar Movie Review: Ranveer Singh's subdued yet scorching screen presence fuels this power-packed Karachi mafia thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dhurandhar/movie-review/125786542.cms |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>*{{Cite web |date=16 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar box office collection day 12: Ranveer Singh film crosses ₹400 crore with 0 dip, beats Dangal, Salaar lifetime |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-box-office-collection-day-12-ranveer-singh-film-hits-400-crore-with-no-dip-beats-dangal-salaar-lifetime-101765882658362.html |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}
*{{Cite web |date=16 December 2025 |title=Top 2nd Mondays of all time at Hindi Box Office: Dhurandhar reigns supreme, Pushpa 2 follows |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-2nd-mondays-of-all-time-at-hindi-box-office-dhurandhar-reigns-supreme-pushpa-2-follows-1399184 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
Dhar was born on 12 March 1983 in [[New Delhi]] into a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aditya Dhar profile on Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Aditya-Dhar |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sinha |first=Seema |date=15 January 2019 |title=Uri director Aditya Dhar on telling the story of surgical strikes and why it's an army film, not propaganda |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/uri-director-aditya-dhar-on-telling-the-story-of-surgical-strikes-and-why-its-an-army-film-not-propaganda-5895771.html |work=Firstpost |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref> His mother Sunita Dhar was a former dean at [[Delhi University]], where he also graduated before spending nearly two decades in music theatre, which helped shape his screenwriting career.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Juhi |date=12 March 2021 |title=Uri director Aditya Dhar's birthday wish: We are really frustrated; I want to have a normal life again |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/uri-director-aditya-dhar-s-birthday-wish-we-are-really-frustrated-i-want-to-have-a-normal-life-again-101615531838338.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aditya Dhar Biography |url=https://celebrityborns.com/index.php/biography/aditya-dhar/17981 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=celebrityborns.com}}</ref> His elder brother, Lokesh Dhar, has served as a leading studio executive at [[UTV Motion Pictures]] and later [[Star Studio18|Fox Star Studios]]. In 2021, he and Lokesh co-founded the production company [[B62 Studios]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aditya Dhar Upcoming Film Dhurandhar Biography - Rapture Muse |url=https://rapturemuse.com/persons/aditya-dhar/ |access-date=18 December 2025 |website=rapturemuse.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 4 June 2021, Dhar married Indian actress [[Yami Gautam]] in a traditional Hindu ceremony in [[Mandi district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Yami Gautam ties the knot with Aditya Dhar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/yami-gautam-ties-the-knot-with-aditya-dhar-7344330/ |work=The Indian Express |date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Revisiting Yami Gautam's heirloom wedding sari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/celeb-style/revisiting-yami-gautams-heirloom-wedding-sari/photostory/110059745.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=21 May 2024 |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 June 2021 |title=Yami Gautam marries Uri director Aditya Dhar in intimate wedding |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/yami-gautam-marries-uri-director-aditya-dhar-in-intimate-wedding-see-first-pic-1810952-2021-06-04 |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref> Their first child, Vedavid, was born on 10 May 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yami Gautam, Aditya Dhar welcome baby boy, name him Vedavid |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/yami-gautam-aditya-dhar-welcome-baby-boy-name-him-vedavid/article68195869.ece |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |issn=0971-751X |date=20 May 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2024 |title=Yami Gautam Dhar opens up on son Vedavid: 'I still don't believe sometimes that I am a mother' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/yami-gautam-dhar-opens-up-on-son-vedavid-i-still-dont-believe-sometimes-that-i-am-a-mother-9668830/ |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Early career (2006—2018) ===
In 2006, Dhar moved to Mumbai and began his career as an assistant director. He contributed lyrics for songs composed by [[Raghav Sachar]] in the films ''[[Kabul Express]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=NIjhari |first1=Apoorva |date=29 February 2020 |title=Meet Aditya Dhar, The Man Behind Vicky Kaushal's Meteoric Success With 'Uri: The Surgical Strike' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/73439-aditya-dhar-interview-vicky-kaushal-starrer-uri-directors-life-journey.html |work=MensXP |access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>''[[Haal-e-Dil]]'' and ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Hindi film)|Daddy Cool]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='It would look stupid if we showed Ajay in college |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/18anil.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304074234/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/18anil.htm |archive-date=4 March 2010 |access-date=18 December 2025 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> He joined as an assistant director to [[Priyadarshan]] and served as the dialogue writer for the director's films, ''[[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]]'' and ''[[Tezz]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2010 |title=Aakrosh, Knock-out hit theatres today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aakrosh-knock-out-hit-theatres-today/story-S6eG6aJulD4iFmDBLoTvjI.html |access-date=18 December 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Directorial breakthrough (2019—2025) ===
[[File:Aditya Dhar National Award for Uri.jpg|thumb|{{small|Dhar receiving the [[National Film Award for Best Director|Best Director Award]] for ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' at [[66th National Film Awards]]}}]]

In 2019, Dhar made his directorial debut with ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'', a war action film starring [[Vicky Kaushal]], [[Yami Gautam]] and [[Paresh Rawal]]; it was produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]] under the [[RSVP Movies]] banner and was filmed in [[Serbia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/raazi-for-any-role/cid/1429393|title=Raazi for any role|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]|quote=Uri will change that. It is an out and out action film.}}</ref> It was based on real-life [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|retaliation operations]] following the [[2016 Uri attack]] and received widespread acclaim for direction, cinematography, superbly executed single shot combat scenes and for thrilling and gripping narrative style.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masand |first1=Rajeev |date=9 August 2019 |title=Uri The Surgical Strike Movie Review: There's a Lot to Admire in This Vicky Kaushal Film |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/uri-the-surgical-strike-movie-review-theres-a-lot-to-admire-in-this-vicky-kaushal-film-2000035.html |work=News18 |access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Raja |date=11 January 2019 |title=Uri review: Vicky Kaushal leads an efficient but unimpressive attack |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/uri-movie-review-vicky-kaushal-leads-an-efficient-but-unimpressive-attack/story-GLB87YbBPnBRqBk4erAoQP.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2018 |title=Vicky Kaushal: 'Uri' was physically the most challenging film for me |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-uri-was-the-most-physically-challenging-film-for-me/articleshow/65992703.cms |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>{{POV statement|date=January 2026}} The film became a commercial success, grossing over {{INRConvert|3.5|b}} worldwide, becoming [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films#Domestic net figures|tenth highest-grossing Indian film domestically]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies on 2019 - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174446/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2019 |title=Uri Box Office Collection: Vicky Kaushal's movie nearing Rs 250 crore in India; first blockbuster of 2019 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/uri-box-office-collection-vicky-kaushals-movie-nearing-rs-250-crore-in-india-first-blockbuster-of-2019-174408-2019-03-07 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> For this film, he received the [[National Film Award for Best Direction|National Film Award for Best Director]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director]]. The slogan "How's the Josh" used in the film went viral in Indian social media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-on-uri-the-surgical-strike-dialogue-hows-the-josh-going-viral/articleshow/67805459.cms|title=Vicky Kaushal on 'Uri: The Surgical Strike' dialogue 'How's the Josh' going viral|newspaper=Times of India|date=2 February 2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202194049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-on-uri-the-surgical-strike-dialogue-hows-the-josh-going-viral/articleshow/67805459.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai|first=Kaveree|date=22 October 2021|url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/vicky-kaushal-taking-the-lead/|title=Vicky Kaushal: Taking the Lead|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=7 March 2022|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307211752/https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/vicky-kaushal-taking-the-lead/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/here-is-how-uri-s-popular-how-s-the-josh-line-came-to-life/story-v7BXkqjJEyI7K4VRNwsIGL.html|title=Here is how Uri's popular 'How's the Josh' line came to life|date=6 February 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|agency=PTI|access-date=7 February 2020|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006223849/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/here-is-how-uri-s-popular-how-s-the-josh-line-came-to-life/story-v7BXkqjJEyI7K4VRNwsIGL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This question is asked to the cadets in military academies in India to test their enthusiasm.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}} The slogan was also used by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] while inaugurating the National Museum of Indian Cinema of [[Films Division of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hows-the-josh-asks-prime-minister-narendra-modi/articleshow/67611298.cms|newspaper=Times of India|title=How's the josh asks prime minister Narendra Modi|date=21 January 2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121103444/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hows-the-josh-asks-prime-minister-narendra-modi/articleshow/67611298.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/watch-indian-cricket-team-with-unique-celebration-after-new-zealand-series-win-5567160/|publisher=Indian Express|title=Watch: Indian cricket team celebrates New Zealand series win with 'How's the Josh' chant|date=4 February 2019|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=8 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208100026/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/watch-indian-cricket-team-with-unique-celebration-after-new-zealand-series-win-5567160/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/vicky-kaushal-uri-the-surgical-strike-hows-the-josh-mumbai-police-tweet-5551841/|title=Mumbai Police uses Uri's 'How's the josh' to raise awareness about cybersecurity|publisher=Indian Express|date=23 January 2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204140236/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/vicky-kaushal-uri-the-surgical-strike-hows-the-josh-mumbai-police-tweet-5551841/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhar was scheduled to collaborate with Vicky Kaushal again for the mythological superhero film ''The Immortal Ashwatthama.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 2021|title=New Year special Vicky Kaushal: I wish for the world to get rid of coronavirus in 2021|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/new-year-special-vicky-kaushal-i-wish-for-the-world-to-get-rid-of-coronavirus-in-2021/story-MayeIfx1pNB833Jo4zIJSJ.html|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> In 2021, the film was planned as a trilogy and was expected to begin filming;<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Look: Vicky Kaushal reunites with 'Uri' director for 'The Immortal Ashwatthama'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/first-look-vicky-kaushal-reunites-with-uri-director-for-the-immortal-ashwatthama|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref> however, it was shelved due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] and budgetary constraints.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 February 2024 |title=Aditya Dhar reveals why The Immortal Ashwatthama was shelved; says budget was 'too big' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/aditya-dhar-reveals-why-the-immortal-ashwatthama-was-shelved-says-the-budget-was-too-big-101707405443532.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uri director Aditya Dhar turns producer; to revive his debut film Raat Baki with Yami Gautam and Pratik Gandhi|url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/59835/PeepingMoon-Exclusive-Uri-director-Aditya-Dhar-turns-producer-to-revive-his-debut-film-Raat-Baki-with-Yami-Gautam-and-Pratik-Gandhi.html|access-date=11 March 2022|website=|date=11 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Dhar subsequently produced the films under his [[B62 Studios]] banner which includes the critically acclaimed political film ''[[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]]'' (2024) and the horror thriller ''[[Baramulla (film)|Baramulla]]'' (2025); in which he also served a co-writer of the films.<ref>*{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=11 March 2024 |title='Article 370' Producer B62 Reveals Slate, Plans for East Asian Collaborations (Exclusive) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/article-370-b62-slate-1235937516/ |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}*{{Cite web |title=Baramulla Movie Review: An atmospheric, thrilling mystery that keeps you hooked |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/baramulla/ottmoviereview/125167815.cms |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Widespread recognition with ''Dhurandhar'' (2025—present) ===
On 5 December 2025, Dhar's second directorial, ''[[Dhurandhar]]'', a spy thriller, was released, featuring [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Sanjay Dutt]] and [[Arjun Rampal]], produced by his [[B62 Studios]] and [[Jio Studios]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2024 |title=Confirmed! Ranveer Singh teams up with Aditya Dhar for his next backed by Jio Studios and B62 Studio; exciting details out! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-ranveer-singh-teams-aditya-dhar-next-backed-jio-studios-b62-studio-exciting-details/ |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> His filmmaking was well received, critics praising the ensemble cast performance, direction, cinematography, action sequences, soundtrack, world building and production values, while criticism was directed for mixing fact and fiction.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar Movie Review: Ranveer Singh's subdued yet scorching screen presence fuels this power-packed Karachi mafia thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dhurandhar/movie-review/125786542.cms |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>{{POV statement|date=January 2026}} ''Dhurandhar'' emerged as a major commercial success at the box office, becoming the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films#Highest-grossing film|4th Hindi film]] to cross [[1000 Crore Club|₹1,000 crore]] worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar storms into the Rs. 1,000 crore worldwide club; Ranveer Singh scores his first 1,000 cr. grosser |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/dhurandhar-storms-rs-1000-crore-worldwide-club-ranveer-singh-scores-first-1000-cr-grosser/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> It grossed over ₹1350 crore worldwide and ranks [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|4th highest grossing Indian films of all time]],<ref>*{{Cite news |title='Dhurandhar' box office collections Day 14 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/dhurandhar-box-office-collections-day-14-ranveer-singhakshaye-khanna-starrer-ends-historic-week-2-with-lowest-daily-earnings-amid-avatar-fire-and-ash-release-worldwide-collections-cross-rs-700-crore/articleshow/126067129.cms |access-date=19 December 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}
*{{Cite web |date=5 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar Movie Review: Don't let runtime fool you, Aditya Dhar fires up a crackling Ranveer-Akshaye showdown |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/dhurandhar-movie-review-dont-let-runtime-fool-you-aditya-dhar-fires-up-a-crackling-ranveer-akshaye-showdown-1398944 |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref> [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films#Highest-grossing films|2nd highest grossing Hindi film]], the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films#Highest-grossing Hindi films in India|highest grossing Hindi films in India]] and the highest grossing [[Central Board of Film Certification#A certificate|Adult-certified]] Indian film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |date=27 December 2025 |title=Ranveer Singh's Dhurandhar is now highest grossing Bollywood film in India; beat Jawan, Chhaava, Animal. See full list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-dhurandhar-is-now-highest-grossing-bollywood-film-in-india-beat-jawan-chhaava-animal-see-full-list-101766816599495.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 December 2025}}</ref> On 7 January 2026, the film surpassed ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' and became the [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films|highest-grossing film in Hindi domestic net collections]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 January 2026 |title=Ranveer Singh's 'Dhurandhar' BEATS Allu Arjun's 'Pushpa 2 The Rule' to become No 1 film in Hindi cinema; YRF congratulates Aditya Dhar and team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singhs-dhurandhar-beats-allu-arjuns-pushpa-2-the-rule-to-become-no-1-film-in-hindi-cinema-yrf-congratulates-aditya-dhar-and-team/articleshow/126389360.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Thus, it became the highest grosser in Hindi language alone and also the most successful Bollywood film post-[[COVID]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 January 2026 |title=Dhurandhar becomes highest grossing film in Hindi, beats Pushpa 2 with historic ₹831 crore haul |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-becomes-highest-grossing-film-in-hindi-beats-pushpa-2-with-831-crore-haul-ranveer-singh-aditya-dhar-101767773372917.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Originally ''Dhurandhar'' conceived as a single film, Dhar later opted for a two-part release because of the film's length, the sequel being named ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 November 2025 |title=The Real Reason why Aditya Dhar is releasing Ranveer Singh's Dhurandhar in two parts |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/inside-scoop-real-reason-aditya-dhar-releasing-ranveer-singhs-dhurandhar-two-parts/ |access-date=5 December 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

''Dhurandhar: The Revenge'' was released on 19 March 2026, only after 3 and half months of first installment release.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=5 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar hits theatres: Second part of Ranveer's film to release on this date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhurandhar-part-two-film-release-date-ranveer-singh-aditya-dhar-sanjay-dutt-arjun-rampal-akshaye-khanna-r-madhavan-rakesh-bedi-2831185-2025-12-05 |access-date=5 December 2025 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sata |first=Fenil |date=5 December 2025 |title=Breaking: Dhurandhar ends with the promise of a sequel; to release on Eid, on March 19, 2026; clash with Toxic, Dhamaal 4 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-dhurandhar-ends-promise-sequel-release-eid-march-19-2026-clash-toxic-dhamaal-4/ |access-date=5 December 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Like it's predecessor, it received praise for cast performance, technical aspects, [[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|musical score]], Dhar's direction and world building, but criticism for mixing fact and fiction and its nationalist propaganda.{{POV statement|date=March 2026}} Nevertheless, the film achieved significant commercial success, exceeding the ₹1000 crore mark within a week and becoming the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films|5th Hindi film]] to do so. Dhar became only the second Indian director after [[S. S. Rajamouli]] to direct two ₹1000 crore films.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dhurandhar 2 joins the 1000-crore club at box office; surpasses Ranbir Kapoor's Animal |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2026/Mar/26/dhurandhar-2-joins-the-1000-crore-club-at-box-office-surpasses-ranbir-kapoors-animal |work=Cinema Express |date=26 March 2026 |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref>

== Filmmaking and reception==
[[File:Aditya_Dhar_at_the_65th_Filmfare_Awards_2020.jpg|thumb|Dhar at [[65th Filmfare Awards]] in 2020]]
Observers have noted Dhar's [[cinematic techniques]] and [[storytelling]] ambition, noting that his film's scale, [[Scenic design|set design]], realistic action sequences and structural [[narrative]] style in [[Chapter (books)|chapter]]s often leads the film.<ref>{{cite news |title= Who is Aditya Dhar, the director of Dhurandhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/who-is-aditya-dhar-the-dhurandhar-director-who-gave-bollywood-one-of-its-biggest-blockbusters/articleshow/126637698.cms |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> His films embody restrained patriotism, celebrates national pride without making [[jingoism|jingoistic]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Aditya Dhar's genius': How a tiny gun detail turned Dhurandhar into Internet's favourite 'over-analysis' meme |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aditya-dhars-genius-how-a-tiny-gun-detail-turned-dhurandhar-into-the-internets-favourite-meme-10514008/ |work=The Indian Express |date=5 February 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref> Dhar's directorial debut, ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' (2019) received acclaim for realistic war sequences and emotional quotients.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Joshi |first1=Tushar |date=16 February 2024 |title=Aditya Dhar on casting Vicky Kaushal in 'Uri': 'Everyone called it a mistake' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/aditya-dhar-on-casting-vicky-kaushal-in-uri-everyone-called-it-a-mistake-exclusive-article-370-yami-gautam-2503082-2024-02-16 |magazine=India Today |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref> [[The Guardian]] reported that the film was described as "patriotic by some and propaganda by others".<ref>{{cite news |title='A narrative is being built': Bollywood's battle for Indian hearts and minds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/apr/29/a-narrative-is-being-built-bollywoods-battle-for-indian-hearts-and-minds |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 April 2019}}</ref> Although Dhar has rejected propagandic criticism in interviews, arguing that such labels often reflect critics preconceptions more than the film itself.<ref>{{cite news| title= Aditya Dhar reacts on Uri propaganda claims |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aditya-dhar-reacts-to-uri-the-surgical-strike-being-called-an-agenda-driven-film-says-the-intent-of-making-article-370-is-pure-9172830/?|work = The Indian Express}}</ref> He has said repeatedly that he doesn't pay attention to [[political ideology|ideologically]] framed criticism, he added that ''Uri'' was conceived as an [[war film|army film]] with operational reality, dedicated to the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Uri director denies propoganda claims | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/uri-director-denies-claims-of-propaganda/articleshow/72214787.cms | work= Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Q&A: Aditya Dhar on 'Uri: The Surgical Strike' |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/qa-aditya-dhar-on-uri-the-surgical-strike-idUSKCN1P50HF/ |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

His second directorial, an [[Spy film|spy]] thriller ''[[Dhurandhar]]'' (2025) received mixed to positive response from the critics. It garnered widespread acclaim for the technical aspects, narratives style, use of [[Dhurandhar (soundtrack)|music]] and performances of ensemble cast, and criticism for mixing facts and fiction, while some commentators called it politically [[propaganda|propagandic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dhurandhar review: Aditya Dhar's lengthy yet loaded spy drama is anchored by Ranveer Singh, Akshaye Khanna's brilliance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-review-aditya-dhar-lengthy-loaded-spy-drama-anchored-by-ranveer-singh-akshaye-khanna-r-madhavan-sanjay-dutt-101764926015126.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> While several other commentators and industry figures such as [[Ram Gopal Varma]] and [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]] have praised Dhar's ability to craft high-voltage sequences and layered character portrayals that feel both immersive and emotionally charged, suggesting that Dhar combines a commercial sensibility with attention to detail and thematic coherence.<ref>{{cite news| title= Ram Gopal Varma calls Dhurandhar a warning to Indian film industries| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ram-gopal-varma-reviews-dhurandhar-calls-it-a-warning-for-film-industry-ranveer-singh-aditya-dhar-akshaye-khanna-101766119455659.html |work = [[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title= Animal director called Dhurandhar a built like a man| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/dhurandhar-is-built-like-a-man-animal-director-sandeep-reddy-vanga-reviews-ranveer-singh-akshaye-khanna-aditya-dhar-film-101766215002122.html |work= [[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[Anurag Kashyap]] applauded Dhar's filmmaking and execution<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-aditya-dhar-courage-patience-dhurandhar-backlash-against-critics-coordinated-attack-10529913/</ref> and called ''Dhurandhar'' a "courageous mainstream film",<ref>{{cite news| title= Anurag Kashyap lauds Aditya Dhar for Dhurandhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anurag-kashyap-slams-the-social-media-backlash-against-critics-after-dhurandhar-says-it-was-all-co-ordinated-lauds-aditya-dhar/articleshow/128313752.cms | work=Times of India}}</ref> comparing it to other spy thrillers such as ''[[The Hurt Locker]]'' and ''[[Zero Dark Thirty]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anurag Kashyap applauds Aditya Dhar's 'courage, patience' for making Dhurandhar, says backlash against critics a 'coordinated attack' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-aditya-dhar-courage-patience-dhurandhar-backlash-against-critics-coordinated-attack-10529913/ |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> He found some dialogues to be propagandistic but called it Dhar's politics. <ref>https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/anurag-kashyap-calls-dhurandhar-brilliant-in-execution-despite-propaganda-dialogues-its-aditya-dhars-politics-10281087</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===Film credits===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Director
! Writer
! Producer
! Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2009 || ''Boond'' || {{partial|Associate director}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || Short film ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]]'' || {{no}} || {{partial|Dialogues}} || {{no}} ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2010 |title=Aakrosh, Knock-out hit theatres today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aakrosh-knock-out-hit-theatres-today/story-S6eG6aJulD4iFmDBLoTvjI.html |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Tezz]]'' || {{no}} || {{partial|Dialogues}} || {{no}} ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2012 |title=Ajay Devgn's Tezz gets mixed reviews |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ajay-devgn-s-tezz-gets-mixed-reviews/story-SKi4cUgLOJYYniC0DFhX4J.html |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || Directorial debut
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2019 |title=Uri: The Surgical Strike box office collection — Vicky Kaushal's action film crosses Rs 100 cr mark-Entertainment News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/uri-the-surgical-strike-box-office-collection-vicky-kaushals-action-film-crosses-rs-100-cr-mark-5933421.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006223804/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/uri-the-surgical-strike-box-office-collection-vicky-kaushals-action-film-crosses-rs-100-cr-mark-5933421.html |archive-date=6 October 2023 |access-date=19 December 2025 |work=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2024 |title=Article 370 Box Office Collection Day 1: Good Start To Yami Gautam-Priyamani's Political Drama |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/article-370-box-office-collection-day-1-decent-start-to-yami-gautam-priyamani-political-drama-budget-stoyline-10135696 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224080459/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/article-370-box-office-collection-day-1-decent-start-to-yami-gautam-priyamani-political-drama-budget-stoyline-10135696 |archive-date=24 February 2024 |access-date=19 December 2025 |work=English Jagran |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2025
|''[[Dhoom Dhaam (2025 film)|Dhoom Dhaam]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || rowspan=2| Released on [[Netflix]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhoom Dhaam teaser: Yami Gautam, Pratik Gandhi on a rollercoaster of action-comedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhoom-dhaam-teaser-yami-gautam-pratik-gandhi-netflix-2667201-2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122153011/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhoom-dhaam-teaser-yami-gautam-pratik-gandhi-netflix-2667201-2025-01-20 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=19 December 2025 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Baramulla (film)|Baramulla]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Netflix's 'Baramulla', Manav Kaul is a cop investigating child disappearances in Kashmir |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/10/30/in-netflix-s-baramulla-manav-kaul-is-a-cop-investigating-child-disappearances-in-kashmir.html |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dhurandhar]]'' || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Sanjana |date=19 November 2025 |title=Dhurandhar release date, cast, characters, true story and everything else you need to know |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/dhurandhar-release-date-cast-characters-true-story-and-everything-else-you-need-to-know |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
|''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||{{yes}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar hits theatres: Second part of Ranveer's film to release on this date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhurandhar-part-two-film-release-date-ranveer-singh-aditya-dhar-sanjay-dutt-arjun-rampal-akshaye-khanna-r-madhavan-rakesh-bedi-2831185-2025-12-05 |access-date=19 December 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Discography==
=== As lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders " style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Title
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=4| 2006
| rowspan=4| ''[[Kabul Express]]''
| "Kabul Fiza"
| rowspan=4|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabul Express - Haunting, lilting and enchanting |url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2016/05/27/kabul-express-haunting-lilting-and-enchanting |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250804190528/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2016/05/27/kabul-express-haunting-lilting-and-enchanting |archive-date=4 August 2025 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=www.yashrajfilms.com}}</ref>
|-
| "Banjar"
|-
| "Keh Raha Mera Dil"
|-
| "Yeh Main Aaya Kahaan Hoon"
|-
|2007
| ''Play it Loud'' {{small|(Album)}}
| All songs
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2008
| rowspan=2|''[[Haal-e-Dil]]''
| "Rang"
| rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajay, Kajol to do 'train song' |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-bollwood/ajay-kajol-to-do-train-song/article1-316713.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217120230/http://www.hindustantimes.com/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-bollwood/ajay-kajol-to-do-train-song/article1-316713.aspx |archive-date=17 February 2015 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=hindustantimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| "Khwahish"
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Hindi film)|Daddy Cool]]''
| All songs
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daddy Cool Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Daddy Cool by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/daddy-cool/movie-review/4946149.cms |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Phhir]]''
| 4 songs
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phhir (2011) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director {{!}} Cinestaan |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/phhir-11113/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720082034/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/phhir-11113/cast-crew |archive-date=20 July 2023 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|rowspan=4|2019
|[[66th National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Director]]
|rowspan=10|''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/national-film-awards-vicky-kaushal-and-ayushmann-khurrana-share-best-actor-2082846|title=National Film Awards: Vicky Kaushal And Ayushmann Khurrana Share Best Actor|website=NDTV|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jagran Film Festival]]
|Best Debut Director
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/10th-jagran-film-festival-inaugurated-delhi-07201970998.html|title=10th Jagran Film Festival was inaugurated|work=currentaffairs.gktoday.in|access-date=25 January 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720151001/https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/10th-jagran-film-festival-inaugurated-delhi-07201970998.html}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[26th Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kerner |first1=Lou |title=Star Screen Awards 2019 Winners List – Who won Star Screen Awards this year?|url=https://thenewscrunch.com/star-screen-awards-2019-winners-list-who-won-star-screen-awards-this-year/11899/|access-date=23 December 2019 |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=9 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
|Most Promising Debut Director
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan=4| 2020
|rowspan=2|[[65th Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2020-winners-list-gully-boy-makes-history-wins-13-awards-including-best-film-actor-and-actress-8044551.html|title=Filmfare Awards 2020 winners list: Gully Boy makes history, wins 13 awards including Best Film, Actor and Actress|access-date=16 February 2020|work=Firstpost|date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Most Promising Director|Most Promising Director]]
|{{won}}
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2021
|rowspan=2|[[21st IIFA Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2020 – Popular Award Winners |url=https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=[[IIFA Awards]] |date=25 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126055921/https://iifa.com/blog/blog-details/iifa-awards-2020---popular-award-winners |archive-date=26 November 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Twitter}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Aditya Dhar}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestDirection}}
{{IIFAAwardBestDirector}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhar, Aditya}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Action film directors]]

M. Chandra Prabha

2026-03-28T20:43:11Z

MichalKohn:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. Chandra Prabha
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 16 May 2016
| term_end = 12 May 2021
| constituency = [[Srivilliputhur Assembly constituency|Srivilliputhur]]
| predecessor = [[V. Ponnupandi]]
| successor = [[E. M. Manraj]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
}}
'''M. Chandra Prabha''' is an Indian politician who served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Srivilliputhur Assembly constituency]] as an [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Chandra Prabha M, Srivilliputhur Assembly Elections |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/2016/srivilliputhur/chandra-prabha-m/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=LatestLY |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002155128/https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/2016/srivilliputhur/chandra-prabha-m/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabha, M. Chandra}}

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Uthman

2026-03-28T14:16:59Z

MichalKohn: corrected lead based on references and added references for consistency

{{Short description|3rd Rashidun caliph from 644 to 656}}
{{For|other people with the name|Uthman (name)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Uthman {{lang|ar|عُثْمَان}}
| title = {{ubl|{{transliteration|ar|[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]}}|{{transliteration|ar|[[List of caliphs|Khalifat Allah]]}}|{{Transliteration|ar|[[List of caliphs|Amin Allah]]}}|{{transliteration|ar|[[Islamic honorifics#Muhammad's companions|Raḍiya Ilāhu ʿAnhū]]}}}}
| image = Ayasofya 13 (cropped).JPG
| image_size = 280
| caption = Calligraphic seal featuring Uthman's name, on display in the [[Hagia Sophia]], Istanbul
| succession = 3rd [[Caliph]] of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
| reign = 6 November 644 – 17 June 656
| predecessor = [[Umar]]
| successor = [[Ali]]
| birth_date = {{circa|573/576}}
| birth_place = [[Hejaz]], [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|Arabia]]
| death_date = 17 June 656 (aged 80/83) (12<ref>''[[Ma’rifah Al-Sahabah]]'', vol. 1, p. 264-271, [https://archive.org/stream/waq110421/13_110433#page/n388/mode/2up no. 38727], status of naration: ''[[Sahih]]''.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0xBaDwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7+%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A&pg=PT144 |title=سيرة ومناقب عثمان بن عفان |first=Muhammad Hamid |last=Muhammad |date=7 May 2018 |publisher=Dar al-Taqwa |isbn=9789776603585 |quote=استشهد في أوسط أيام التشريق (12 ذي الحجة) لصحة نقله عن أبي عثمان النهدي، المعاصر للحادثة. وما سواه من أقوال لم يصح إسناد شيء منها، وكل ما جاء به من أسانيد فهي ضعيفة، وبعض منها صدر ممن لم يعاصر الحادثة. [He was martyred in the middle of the days of Tashreeq, because it was reported by Abu Uthman Al-Nahdi, a contemporary of the incident. As for other sayings, none of them are authentic, and all the chain of narrators that scholars brought are [[Da'if|weak]], and some of them were issued by those who did not contemporary with the incident.]}}{{Dead link |date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] 35{{nbsp}}AH)<ref>[R.{{nbsp}}Stephen Humphreys (transl.), [https://archive.org/stream/TabariEnglish/Tabari_Volume_15#page/n273 ''The History of al-Tabari: Volume XV. The Crisis of the Early Caliphate''], (New York, [[SUNY Press|State University of New York Press]], 1990), pp.{{nbsp}}250–251.]</ref><ref>Wilferd Madelung, ''The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate'' (Cambridge, [[Cambridge University Press]], 1997), p.{{nbsp}}135.</ref>
| death_place = [[Medina]], Hejaz, [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
| burial_place = [[Jannat al-Baqi]], Medina
| father = [[Affan ibn Abi al-As]]
| mother = [[Arwa bint Kurayz]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* [[Ruqayya bint Muhammad]]
* [[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad]]
* Fakhita bint Ghazwan
* Asma bint Abi Jahl
* Umm al-Banin Mulayka bint Uyayna
* Fatima bint al-Walid
* Bint Khalid ibn Asid
* Umm 'Amr Umm Najm bint Jundab
* Ramla bint Shayba
* Bunana
* [[Na'ila bint al-Furafisa]]}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Amr ibn Uthman|Amr]]
* [[Aban ibn Uthman|Aban]]
* [[Sa'id ibn Uthman|Sa'id]]
* [[Abd Allah ibn Uthman|Abd Allah]]
}}
| issue-link = Family tree of Uthman#Children and Descendants
| issue-pipe = (among others)
| house = [[Quraysh]] ([[Banu Umayya]])
| house-type = Tribe
}}
{{Uthman}}
{{Sunni Islam|Rightly-Guided Caliphs}}

'''Uthman ibn Affan''' ({{langx|ar|عُثْمَان بْن عَفَّان|translit=ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān}}; {{circa|573 or 576}}{{snd}}17 June 656) was the third [[Caliphate|caliph]] of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]], ruling from 644 until [[Assassination of Uthman|his assassination]] in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior [[Companions of the Prophet|companion]] of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]], played a major role in [[History of Islam|early Islamic history]]. During his reign as caliph, he was known for ordering the official compilation of the standardized version of the [[Quran]], known as the [[Uthmanic codex]], which is still used today.

Before his predecessor, Caliph [[Umar]] ({{Reign|634|644}}) died in office, he appointed a committee of trustees to elect a successor. Uthman, who was then aged 68–71 years, was elected to succeed him and became the oldest person to hold such a high position. During his reign, the Caliphate expanded further into [[Iran|Persia]] and reached as far as the provinces of [[Khorasan|Khurasan]] and [[Transoxiana]] in the East as well as [[Ifriqiya]] and the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the West. Uthman instituted [[Centralized government|centralized reforms]] in order to create a more cohesive administrative structure and fostered rapid [[economic growth]].

However, the last years of his reign were marked by discontent that eventually evolved into an [[Uprisings against Uthman (654–656)|armed revolt]], leading to a siege upon his residence and ultimately culminating in his assassination. [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]] tradition considers him the third [[Rashidun|rightly-guided caliph]].

== Family and early life ==
{{Main|Family tree of Uthman}}

Uthman was born in the [[Hejaz]]. The exact date is disputed; both 573 and 576 are indicated.<ref name="Saad3">Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume 3'', translated by Bewley, A.; (2013), ''The Companions of Badr'', London, TaHa Publishers.</ref> He was born to an affluent family of the powerful and wealthy [[Umayyad dynasty|Banu Umayya]] clan, itself a part of the larger [[Banu Abd-Shams|Banu Abd Shams]]. His father, [[Affan ibn Abi al-As]] was of the Banu Umayya, and his mother, [[Arwa bint Kurayz]] was of the Banu Abd Shams. Uthman had one sister, Amina.

Uthman is related to Muhammad through his mother, who was the first cousin of Muhammad and made Uthman his first cousin's son. His father died at a young age while on a [[Caravan (travellers)|caravan travel]], leaving Uthman with a large inheritance. He invested the wealth in trade and became a highly successful merchant, making him one the wealthiest people of the [[Quraysh]].<ref name="Nectar">{{Citation |last=Al-Mubarakphuri |first=Safi-ur-Rahman |title=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |trans-title=The Sealed Nectar |place=[[Riyadh]] |publisher=[[Darussalam Publishers]] |date=1996}}.</ref>

== Companionship of Muhammad ==
=== Conversion to Islam ===
On returning from a business trip to [[Syria (region)|Syria]] in 611, Uthman learned of Muhammad's declared mission. After a discussion with [[Abu Bakr]], Uthman decided to convert to Islam, and Abu Bakr brought him to Muhammad to declare his faith. Uthman thus became [[Early Muslims|one of the earliest converts to Islam]], following [[Ali]], [[Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi|Zayd ibn Haritha]], Abu Bakr and a few others. His conversion to Islam angered his uncle, [[Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As|Hakam ibn Abi Al-As]], who strongly opposed Muhammad's teachings.<ref name="Basit">{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Abdul Basil |url=https://archive.org/details/uthman-bin-affan_202401/mode/1up |title=Uthman Bin Affan |page=19 |language=en}}</ref> He is listed as one of the twenty two Meccans at the dawn of Islam who knew how to write.<ref>Ahmed ibn Jabir al-Baladhuri. ''Kitab Futuh al-Buldan'', translated by Murgotten, F. C.; (1924), ''The Origins of the Islamic State Part 2'', p. 271, New York, Longmans, Green & Co., and London, P. S. King & Son, Ltd.</ref>

=== Migration to Abyssinia ===
Uthman and his wife, [[Ruqayya bint Muhammad|Ruqayya]], migrated to [[Abyssinia]] (modern Ethiopia) in April 615, along with ten Muslim men and three women. Scores of Muslims joined them later.<ref name="Ishaq">Muhammad ibn Ishaq, ''Sirat Rasul Allah'', translated by Guillaume, A.; (1955), ''The Life of Muhammad'', pp. 146–148, Oxford, [[Oxford University Press]].</ref><ref name="Saad1">Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', translated by Haq, S. M. (1967), ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, Volume I, Parts I & II'', Delhi, Kitab Bhavan.</ref>{{rp|235–236}} As Uthman already had some business contacts in Abyssinia, he continued to practice his profession as a trader and he continued to flourish.<ref name="ReferenceC">''Hazrat Usman'' – by Rafi Ahmad Fidai, publisher: Islamic Book Service, page: 32</ref>

After four years, the news spread among the Muslims in Abyssinia that the Quraysh of Mecca had accepted Islam, and this acceptance persuaded Uthman, Ruqayya and 39 Muslims to return. However, when they reached Mecca, they found that the news about the Quraysh's acceptance of Islam was false. Nevertheless, Uthman and Ruqayya re-settled in Mecca.<ref name="Ishaq"/>{{rp|167–169}}<ref name="Saad1"/>{{rp|238}} Uthman had to start his business afresh, but the contacts that he had already established in Abyssinia worked in his favour and his business prospered once again.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

=== Migration to Medina ===
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2026}}
In 622, Uthman and his wife, Ruqayya, were among the third group of Muslims to migrate to [[Medina]]. Upon arrival, Uthman stayed with Abu Talha ibn Thabit before moving into the house he purchased a short time later. Uthman was one of the richest merchants of Mecca, with no need of financial help from his [[Ansar (Islam)|Ansari]] brothers, as he had brought the considerable fortune he had amassed with him to Medina. Most Muslims of Medina were farmers with little interest in trade, which was thus primarily conducted by [[Jews]] in the town. Recognizing a commercial opportunity to promote trade among Muslims, Uthman quickly established himself as a merchant, and eventually became one of the richest men in Medina. Two of Uthman's wives were elder daughters of Muhammad and [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]], which earned him the honorific title ''Dhū al-Nurayn'' ("The Possessor of Two Lights").<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |date=2009 |title=Uthmān ibn Affān |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1089 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919043355/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1089 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2019 |last=Asma Afsaruddin |first=Oliver |editor=John L. Esposito |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 June 2023 |title=Uthman ibn Affan - Biography, Achievements & Assassination |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Uthman-ibn-Affan}}</ref>

Across the Muslim world, Uthman is known by his honorific title "Ghani" that translates to "exceedingly generous" which was bestowed upon him for his remarkable donations towards helping those in need and for the cause of Islam. When [[Ali]] married [[Fatima]], Uthman bought Ali's shield for five hundred [[dirhams]]. Four hundred was set aside as ''[[mahr]]'' ([[dower]]) for Fatima's marriage, leaving a hundred for all other expenses. Later, Uthman presented the armour back to Ali as a wedding present.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Heirs Of The Prophet Muhammad - And The Roots Of The Sunni–Shia Schism |first=Barnaby |last=Rogerson |author-link=Barnaby Rogerson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExbdVf5fFmUC&pg=PT26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918212902/https://books.google.com/books?id=ExbdVf5fFmUC&pg=PT26 |archive-date=18 September 2015 |isbn=9780748124701 |date=4 November 2010 |publisher=Little, Brown Book}}</ref><ref>''A Chronology Of Islamic History 570–1000 CE'', by H.U. Rahman, 1999, pp. 48, 52–53</ref>

=== Battles ===
{{Main|List of expeditions of Muhammad}}

Uthman participated in all major battles which took place in the early period of Islam except for the [[Battle of Badr]], which he did not participate in after Muhammad commanded him to stay back and tend Ruqayya (Uthman's wife and the daughter of Muhammad), who was very sick and later died from illness.<ref>Nisa' Ahl al-Bayt by Ahmad Khaleel Jumu'ah, pp. 491-504</ref> Regarding this, there is a hadith which states, "You (Uthman) will have the reward and the share of booty of a man who was present at Badr".<ref>“Sahih al-Bukhari 3130” [https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3130 (Link)] and “Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3706” [https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3706 (Link)]. ''Sunnah.com''. Retrieved 21 February 2026.</ref>

Furthermore, during the campaigns of Ghatafan and Dhat al-Riqa Muhammad left Uthman in charge of Madinah when the Muslim army ventured out of the city.<ref>al-Rawd al-Anf, 3/137; al-Tabaqit by Ibn Sa'd, 2/34, 35</ref>

In 630, Uthman played a vital role in the [[Expedition of Tabuk]] by providing the largest individual financial contribution for the army of 30,000 men and 10,000 cavalry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lings |first=Martin |title=Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources |date=2006 |publisher=Inner Traditions |isbn=978-1-59477-153-8 |location=Rochester, Vt |pages=309}}</ref> [[Ibn Hisham]] records that Uthman personally equipped one third of the army and donated 1,000 gold dinars to ensure the campaign's success.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibn Ishaq |first=Translated by A. Guillaume |url=https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume |title=Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah - The Life of Muhammad Translated by A. Guillaume |date=2002 |pages=186}}</ref>

=== Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the Pledge ===
{{Main|Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Pledge of the Tree}}
In 628, when [[Muhammad]] and the Muslims headed toward [[Mecca]] to perform [[Umrah]], they were stopped at [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Hudaybiyya]] by the [[Quraysh]]. Muhammad dispatched Uthman as his [[Diplomacy|envoy]] to negotiate with the Meccan leaders and inform them that the Muslims intended a peaceful [[pilgrimage]] rather than battle. During the negotiations, Uthman was detained by the Quraysh, and a false rumor spread back to the Muslim camp that he had been [[assassination|assassinated]].

In response, Muhammad gathered his [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]] and took an oath, known as the [[Pledge of the Tree]] (Bay'ah al-Ridwan), to avenge Uthman's reported death. During this ceremony, Muhammad placed his own right hand over his left, declaring it to be Uthman's hand, and took the [[Bay'ah|pledge]] on Uthman's behalf.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jami' at-Tirmidhi, Book 49, Hadith 3706 |url=https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3706 |website=Sunnah.com |access-date=21 February 2026 |quote=The Prophet (s.a.w) held out his hand and said: 'This is the hand of 'Uthman.' He then struck it against his other hand and said: 'This is for 'Uthman.'}}</ref> This event demonstrated the high level of trust and esteem Muhammad held for him. Uthman was eventually released, and the negotiations culminated in the signing of the treaty.

=== Muhammad's last years ===
{{Main|The event of Ghadir Khumm}}

According to [[Shia Islam|Shia]] sources, Uthman was present at the [[Ghadir Khumm|event of Ghadir Khumm]]. Sunni sources either deny that this event even took place or interpret it as Muhammad merely honoring Ali, whereas Shia sources consider it a declaration of Ali’s leadership, with Uthman among those who pledged allegiance.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Shi'ite Encyclopedia |url=https://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team |website=al-islam.org |date=12 November 2013 |publisher=Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal |volume=4 |page=281}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=al-Razi |first1=Fakhr |title=Tafsir al-Kabir, Volume 12 |pages=49–50}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=al-Tabrizi |first1=al-Khatib |title=Mishkat al-Masabih |page=557}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khand |first1=Mir |title=Habib al-Siyar |volume=1, part 3 |page=144}}</ref>

== Role during Abu Bakr's caliphate (632–634) ==
Uthman had a very close relationship with Abu Bakr, as it was due to him that Uthman had converted to Islam. When Abu Bakr was selected as the caliph, Uthman was the first person after [[Umar]] to offer his allegiance. During the [[Ridda Wars]] (Wars of Apostasy), Uthman remained in Medina, acting as Abu Bakr's adviser. On his deathbed, Abu Bakr dictated his will to Uthman and [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf|Ibn Awf]], saying that his successor was to be Umar.<ref name="Donner">''The Early Islamic Conquests'', [[Fred Donner]], Princeton, 1981.</ref>

== Election of Uthman ==
{{Main|Election of Uthman}}


Umar, on his deathbed, formed a committee of six people, all from the [[Muhajirun]] (early [[Mecca|Meccan]] converts), to choose the next caliph from amongst themselves.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jafri |first=S.H.M |url=https://archive.org/details/OriginsAndEarlyDevelopmentOfShiaIslamBySyedHusainMohammadJafri/mode/2up |title=Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam |date=1979 |language=en}}</ref> This committee was:
* [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
* Uthman ibn Affan
* [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]]
* [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]]
* [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]]
* [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah]]

According to [[Tarikh al-Yaqubi|''History of al-Yaʿqūbī'']], Umar appointed [[Abu Talha al-Ansari]] to this task and said: If four people gave an opinion and two disagreed, behead those two, and if three agreed and three disagreed, the three people whom Abd al-Rahman is not among them, behead them, and if three days passed and they didn't reach an agreement on anyone, behead them all".<ref>Yaqubi history, vol. 2, p. 160.</ref><ref>Translation of Tarikh Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 50</ref><ref>look at al-Tanbīh wa-al-ishrāf by al-Masudi page 267</ref>

Al-Yaqoubi further adds that many negotiations took place in these three days and the result was hesitant between Ali and Uthman. Abd al-Rahman asked Ali: If we pledge allegiance to you, would you be willing to follow the Book of God (Quran) and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and behave in the manner of the two previous caliphs (Umar and Abu Bakr)? Ali's answer to Abd al-Rahman was: I will only follow the Book of God and the Sunnah of the Messenger of God. Abd al-Rahman asked the same question to Uthman and Uthman answered positively and accepted all the conditions and therefore he became the caliph.<ref>Translation of Tarikh Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 53</ref>

== Caliphate ==
In about 650, Uthman began noticing slight differences in recitations of the [[Quran]] as Islam expanded beyond the [[Arabian Peninsula]] into [[Iran|Persia]], the [[Bilad al-Sham|Levant]], and [[North Africa]]. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by [[Zayd ibn Thabit]] to use caliph [[Abu Bakr]]'s copy and prepare a standardised version of the Quran.<ref name="tabatabai5">{{cite book |last=Tabatabai |first=Sayyid M. H. |title=The Qur'an in Islam - its impact and influence on the life of Muslims |date=1987 |publisher=Zahra Publ. |isbn=978-0710302663 |url=https://archive.org/details/quraninislamitsi0000taba |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="sbukhari1">{{cite web |last=al-Bukhari |first=Muhammad |title=Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510 |website=sahih-bukhari.com |url=http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_6_61.php |date=810–870 |access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, with the other versions ordered to be burnt by Uthman.<ref name="tabatabai5"/><ref name="rippin">{{cite book |title=The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an |last=Rippin, Andrew |publisher=Blackwell |date=2006 |isbn=978140511752-4 |edition=[2a reimpr.] |display-authors=etal |url=https://archive.org/details/blackwellcompani00ripp_0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mohamad K. |last=Yusuff |title=Zayd ibn Thabit and the Glorious Qur'an |url=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/zayd_ibn_thabit_and_the_glorious.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Koran - A Very Short Introduction |first=Michael |last=Cook |date=2000 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=117–124 |isbn=0-19-285344-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/koranveryshorti00cook/page/117}}</ref>

While the Shī'ah use the same [[Qur'an]] as Sunni Muslims, they do not believe that it was first compiled by Uthman.<ref name="Shirazi04">{{cite book |last=Shirazi |first=Muhammad |title=The Qur'an made simple |date=2004 |publisher=Fountain Books |location=London |volume=10 |pages=xxiv}}</ref> Rather, the Shī'ah believe that the Qur'an was gathered and compiled by [[Muhammad]] during his lifetime.<ref name="Shirazi01">{{cite book |last=Shirazi |first=Muhammad |title=The Qur'an – When was it compiled? |date=2001 |publisher=Fountain Books |location=London |pages=5, 7}}</ref><ref name="Shirazi02">{{cite book |last=Shirazi |first=Muhammad |title=The Qur'an made simple |date=2004 |publisher=Fountain Books |location=London |volume=10 |pages=xxi, xxiv, xxv}}</ref><ref name="Shirazi03">{{cite book |last=Shirazi |first=Muhammad |title=The Shi'a and their Beliefs |date=2008 |publisher=Fountain Books |location=London |page=29}}</ref>

=== Economic and social administration ===
[[File:First Islamic coins by caliph Uthman-mohammad adil rais.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Sasanian Empire|Sassanid style]] coins in circulation during the reign of Uthman, ([[Pahlavi scripts]], [[Star and crescent|crescent-star]], [[Fire temple|fire altar]], depictions of [[Khosrow II]], Arabic ''[[Basmala|bismillāh]]'' in margin).<ref>As the Arabs of the Ḥejāz had used the drahms of the Sasanian-style, the only silver coinage in the world at that time, it was natural for them to leave many of the Sasanian mints in operation, striking coins like those of the emperors in every detail except for the addition of brief Arabic inscriptions like besmellāh in the margins.https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coins-and-coinage-</ref>]]

Uthman was a businessman and a successful trader from his youth, which contributed greatly to the Rashidun Caliphate. Umar had established a public [[allowance (money)|allowance]] and, on assuming office, Uthman increased it by about 25%. Umar had placed a ban on the sale of lands and the purchase of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] lands in conquered territories.<ref name="Al-Islam">''A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims'' on [http://al-islam.org/restatement/57.htm Al-Islam.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004125034/http://al-islam.org/restatement/57.htm |date=4 October 2006}} referencing ''[[Al-Fitna Al-Kubra]]'' (''The Great Upheaval''), published by Dar-ul-Ma'arif, Cairo, 1959, p. 47</ref> Uthman withdrew these restrictions, as the trade could not flourish. Uthman also permitted people to draw loans from the public treasury. Under Umar, it had been laid down as a policy that the lands in conquered territories were not to be distributed among the combatants but were to remain the property of the previous owners. The army felt dissatisfied at this decision, but Umar suppressed the opposition with a strong hand. Uthman followed the policy devised by Umar and there were more conquests, and the revenues from land increased considerably.<ref name="Donner" />

Umar had been strict in the use of money from the public treasury—indeed, apart from the meagre allowance that had been sanctioned in his favour, Umar took no money from the treasury, did not receive any gifts, and forbade his family members from accepting gifts from any quarter. Under Uthman, these restrictions were partially relaxed{{emdash}}unlike Umar, Uthman accepted gifts from certain quarters (and allowed his family members to do likewise), but, being a wealthy man already, Uthman continued Umar's policy of neither drawing a personal allowance from the treasury nor receiving a [[salary]]. <ref name="Nectar" /> In general, Uthman asserted that he had the right to us the public funds as best he judged fit.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} His economic reforms had far-reaching effects, and his reign is considered to have marked a period of prosperity for the Rashidun Caliphate.

=== Military expansion ===
{{Campaignbox Early Muslim Expansions}}
{{Campaignbox Arab–Byzantine Wars}}
{{Campaignbox Muslim Conquest Persia}}
{{Main|Military campaigns under Caliph Uthman}}

[[File:Mohammad adil rais-rashidun empire-at-its peak.PNG|thumb|Rashidun Caliphate at its peak under Uthman (654)]]

During his rule, Uthman's military-style was more autonomical in nature as he delegated much military authority to his trusted kinsmen – e.g., [[Abd Allah ibn Amir]], [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan]] and [[Abd Allah ibn Sa'd]] – unlike [[Umar]]'s more centralized policy. Consequently, this more independent policy allowed more expansion until [[Sindh]], in modern Pakistan, which had not been touched during the tenure of Umar.<ref name="Tabri">''History of the Prophets and Kings'', (''Tarikh al-Tabari''), vol. 4, ''The Ancient Kingdoms'', p. 183.</ref> The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s.<ref name="middle east">{{cite book |last1=Ochsenweld |first1=William |title=The Middle East - A History |last2=Fisher |first2=Sydney Nettleton |publisher=[[McGraw Hill Education|McGraw Hill]] |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-07-244233-5 |edition=6th |location=New York |author-link2=Sydney Nettleton Fisher}}</ref>

[[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya]] had been appointed the governor of Syria by [[Umar]] in 639 to stop Byzantine harassment from the sea during the [[Arab-Byzantine Wars]]. He succeeded his elder brother [[Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan]], who died in a plague, along with [[Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah]], the governor before him, and 25,000 other people. Now under Uthman's rule in 649, Mu'awiya was allowed to set up a navy, manned by [[Monophysitism|Monophysitic Christians]], [[Copts]], and [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite Syrian Christian]] sailors and Muslim troops, which defeated the Byzantine navy at the [[Battle of the Masts]] in 655, opening up the Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzIRDbARyWIC&q=Muawiyah%20set%20up%20navy&pg=PA24 |title=European Naval and Maritime History, 300–1500 |first1=Archibald Ross |last1=Lewis |first2=Timothy J. |last2=Runyan |date=1990 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9780253205735}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAPc3mYwZpIC&q=Muawiyah%20Battle%20of%20the%20Masts&pg=PA123 |title=History of the Jihad - Islam Versus Civilisation |first=Leonard Michael |last=Kroll |date=16 March 2005 |publisher=[[AuthorHouse]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9781463457303}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KIFJiOCSYc8C&q=Muawiyah%20Battle%20of%20the%20Masts&pg=PA183 |title=A History of Byzantium |first=Timothy E. |last=Gregory |date=26 August 2011 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9781444359978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEFsVYLko4C&q=Muawiyah%20Battle%20of%20the%20Masts&pg=PA61 |title=Prophets and Princes - Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present |first=Mark |last=Weston |date=28 July 2008 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9780470182574}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKFRvUiLEQYC&q=Muawiyah%20Battle%20of%20the%20Masts&pg=PA11|title=The Medieval Siege|first=Jim |last=Bradbury |date=1992 |publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9780851153575}}</ref>

In [[Hijri year]] 15 ({{circa|647}}), Uthman sent [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] and [[Abd Allah ibn Sa'd]] to [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb#First invasion|reconquer the Maghreb]], where he met the army of [[Gregory the Patrician]], [[Exarch of Africa]] and relative of [[Heraclius]], which is recorded to have numbered between 120,000 and 200,000 soldiers,<ref name="Google474iHr4bQJUC">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=474iHr4bQJUC&q=abdullah+ibn+aamir+khurasan&pg=PA64 |date=1990 |title=Kisah Hidup Utsman ibn Affan citing Tarikh at Thabari and al Bidayah wal Nihayah (71/158) |page=64 |isbn=978-9790241374 |last1=Murrad |first1=Mustafa |publisher=Serambi Ilmu Semesta}}</ref> The opposing forces clashed at Sabuthilag (or [[Battle of Sufetula (647)|Sufetula]]), which became the name of this battle. Records from [[Al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya|al-Bidayah wal Nihayah]] state that Ibn Sa'd's troops were completely surrounded by Gregory's army. However, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr spotted Gregory in his chariot and asked Abd Allah ibn Sa'd to lead a small detachment to intercept him. The interception was successful, and Gregory was slain by Ibn al-Zubayr's ambush party. Consequently, the morale of Byzantine army started crumbling and soon they were routed.<ref name="Google474iHr4bQJUC" />

([[Al-Tabari]]<ref>See: ''[[History of the Prophets and Kings]]'' (''Tarikh al-Tabari)''</ref>) claimed that after the conquest of northern Africa was completed, Abd Allah ibn Sa'd continued to Spain. Other prominent Muslim historians, like [[Ibn Kathir]],<ref>See: ''[[Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah]]'' (''Tarikh ibn Kathir'')</ref> have quoted the same narration. In the description of this campaign, two of Abd Allah ibn Sa 'd's generals, Abdullah ibn Nafiah ibn Husain and Abdullah ibn Nafi ibn Abdul Qais, were ordered to invade the coastal areas of Spain by sea, aided by a Berber force. They allegedly succeeded in conquering the coastal areas of [[Al-Andalus]]. It is not known where the Muslim force landed, what resistance they met, and what parts of Spain they actually conquered. However, it is clear that the Muslims did conquer some portion of Spain during the caliphate of Uthman, presumably establishing colonies on its coast. On this occasion, Uthman is reported to have addressed a letter to the invading force:

{{cquote|[[Constantinople]] will be conquered from the side of Al-Andalus. Thus, if you conquer it, you will have the honor of taking the first step towards the conquest of Constantinople. You will have your reward in this behalf both in this world and the next.}}

Although raids by Berbers and Muslims were conducted against the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] in Spain during the late 7th century, there is no evidence that Spain was invaded nor that parts of it were conquered or settled by Muslims prior to the 711 campaign by [[Tariq ibn Ziyad|Tariq]].

Abd Allah ibn Sa'd also achieved success in the Caliphate's first decisive naval battle against the [[Byzantine Empire]], the [[Battle of the Masts]].<ref>''Ridpath's Universal History'', Merrill & Baker, Vol. 12, New York, p. 483.</ref>

To the east, [[Al-Ahnaf|Ahnaf ibn Qais]], chief of [[Banu Tamim]] and a veteran commander who conquered [[Shushtar]] earlier, launched a series of further military expansions by [[Battle of Oxus River|further mauling Yazdegerd III]] near [[Oxus River]] in [[Turkmenistan]]<ref name="ReferenceB">''The Muslim Conquest of Persia'' by A.I. Akram, Chapter 17 {{ISBN|0-19-597713-0}},</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Shadows in the Desert - Ancient Persia at War, by Kaveh Farrokh, published by [[Osprey Publishing]], 2007 {{ISBN|1-84603-108-7}}</ref> and later crushing a military coalition of [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanid]] loyalists and [[Hephthalites]] in the [[Siege of Herat (652)|Siege of Herat]].<ref name="ReferenceB" /> Later, the governor of [[Basra]], [[Abd Allah ibn Amir]] also led a number of successful campaigns, ranging from the suppression of revolts in [[Fars province|Fars]], [[Kerman]], [[Sistan]], and [[Khorasan province|Khorasan]], to the opening of new fronts for conquest in [[Transoxiana]] and Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.at/books/about/Iraq_After_the_Muslim_Conquest.html?id=u4g9nQAACAAJ |title=Iraq After the Muslim Conquest |first=Michael G. |last=Morony |date=2005 |publisher=[[Gorgias Press]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9781593333157}}</ref>

In the next year, in 652, [[Futuh al-Buldan]] of Baladhuri writes that [[Balochistan]] was re-conquered during the campaign against the revolt in Kermān, under the command of Majasha ibn Mas'ud. It was the first time that western Balochistan had come directly under the laws of the Caliphate and it paid an agricultural tribute.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16yHq5v3QZAC&q=kirman+mas%27ud&pg=PA117 |last=Boyle |first=John Andrew |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=5 |page=117 |date=1968 |isbn=9780521069366}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VINCAAAAYAAJ&q=Majasha+ibn+Masood |last=Daryaee |first=Touraj |title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History |publisher=[[Bookland]] |page=117 |date=1977}}</ref> The military campaigns under Uthman's rule were generally successful, except for a few in [[Nubia]], on the lower Nile.

=== Public opposition to Uthman's policies ===
==== Reasons for the opposition ====
Noting an increase in anti-government tension around the Caliphate, Uthman's administration decided to determine its origins, extent, and aims. Some time around 654, Uthman called all twelve provincial governors to Medina to discuss the problem. During this Council of Governors, Uthman ordered that all resolutions of the council be adopted according to local circumstances. Later, in the Majlis al Shurah (council of ministers), it was suggested to Uthman that reliable agents be sent to various provinces to attempt to determine the source of the discontent. Uthman accordingly sent [[Muhammad ibn Maslamah]] to [[Kufa]], [[Usama ibn Zayd]] to [[Basra]], [[Ammar ibn Yasir]] to Egypt, and [[Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab|Abd Allah ibn Umar]] to Syria. The agents sent to Kufa, Basra and Syria reported that all was well – the people were generally satisfied with the administration, although some individuals had minor personal grievances. Ammar ibn Yasir, the emissary to Egypt, however, did not return to Medina. Rebels there had been issuing propaganda in favour of making Ali caliph. Ammar ibn Yasir, who had been affiliated with Ali, abandoned Uthman for the Egyptian opposition. Abd Allah ibn Sa'd, the governor of Egypt, reported about the opposition's activities instead. He wanted to take action against [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]] (Ali's foster son), [[Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa]] (Uthman's adopted son), and Ammar ibn Yasir.<ref name="CHI">''The Cambridge History of Islam'', ed. P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, and [[Bernard Lewis]], Cambridge, 1970</ref>

==== Uthman's attempts to appease the dissidents ====
In 655, Uthman directed those with any grievance against the administration, as well as the governors and "Amils" throughout the caliphate, to assemble at Mecca for the Hajj, promising that all legitimate grievances would be redressed. Accordingly, large delegations from various cities came to present their grievances before the gathering.<ref name="Aadil">''Sirat-i-Hazrat Usman-i-Ghani'', by Mohammad Alias Aadil, publishers: Mushtaq Ahmed Lahore</ref>

The rebels realised that the people in Mecca supported Uthman and were not inclined to listen to them.<ref name="Basit" /> This represented a great psychological victory for Uthman. It is said, according to Sunni Muslim accounts, that before returning to Syria, the governor [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan]], Uthman's cousin, suggested that Uthman should come with him to Syria as the atmosphere there was peaceful. Uthman rejected his offer, saying that he did not want to leave the city of Muhammad (''viz.'', Medina). Mu'awiya then suggested that he be allowed to send a strong force from Syria to Medina to guard Uthman against any possible attempt by rebels to harm him. Uthman rejected it as well, stating that the presence of Syrian forces in Medina would be an incitement to [[civil war]], and he could not be party to such a move.<ref name="CHI" />

== Revolt against Uthman ==
{{Main article|Uprisings against Uthman (654–656)}}

[[File:Rebellions against Uthman & the Kharijite Origins.png|right|350px|thumb|Rebellions against Uthman and Kharijite origins]]
The politics of Egypt played the major role in the propaganda war against the caliphate, so Uthman summoned Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt, to Medina to consult with him as to the course of action that should be adopted. Abd Allah ibn Sa'd came to Medina, leaving the affairs of Egypt to his deputy, and in his absence, [[Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa]] staged a [[coup d'état]] and took power. On hearing of the revolt in Egypt, Abd Allah hastened back, but Uthman was not in a position to offer him any military assistance, and so Abd Allah was unable to suppress the revolt.<ref>Abu Nu'aym, Hilya al-Awliya' 1:92–100 #3; al-Dhahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' 1/2: 566–614 #4.</ref>

=== Rebels in Medina ===
From [[Egypt]], [[Kufa]], and [[Basra]], contingents of about 1,000 people apiece were sent to [[Medina]], each with instructions to assassinate Uthman and overthrow the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph3.htm |title=Uthman ibn Affan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091309/http://sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph3.htm |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> Representatives of the Egyptian contingent waited on [[Ali]] and offered him the [[Caliphate]], but he turned them down. Representatives of the contingent from Kufa waited on [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam|Al-Zubayr]], and those from Basra waited on [[Talha ibn Ubayd Allah|Talha]], each offering them their allegiance as the next Caliph, but both were similarly turned down. By proposing alternatives to Uthman as Caliph, the rebels swayed public opinion in Medina to the point where Uthman's faction could no longer offer a united front. Uthman had the active support of the [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyads]] and a few other people in Medina.<ref name="Gabrieli">''Muhammad and the Conquests of Islam'', Francesco Gabrieli, London, 1968</ref>

=== Siege of Uthman ===
The early stage of the siege of Uthman's house was not severe, but, as the days passed, the rebels intensified the pressure against Uthman.<ref name="Hinds">"The Murder of the Caliph Uthman," M. Hinds, in ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', 1972</ref> With the departure of the pilgrims from Medina to Mecca, the rebel position was strengthened further, and as a consequence the crisis deepened. The rebels understood that, after the [[Hajj]], the Muslims, gathered at Mecca from all parts of the Caliphate, might march to Medina to relieve Uthman. They therefore decided to take action against Uthman before the pilgrimage was over. During the siege, Uthman was asked by his supporters, who outnumbered the rebels, to let them fight, but Uthman refused in an effort to avoid bloodshed among Muslims. Unfortunately for Uthman, violence still occurred. The gates of the house of Uthman were shut and guarded by the warrior [[Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr]],<ref name="Hinds" /> along with Ali's sons, [[Hasan ibn Ali]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali]].<ref>''Prophets and Princes - Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present'', p. 63, by Mark Weston</ref><ref>Al Nahaya, Volume 5, page 80; Qamus, page 500; "lughut Nathal" by Firozabadi; Lisan al Arab, Volume 11 Chapter "Lughuth Nathal" page 670; Sharh Nahjul Balagha Ibn al Hadeed Volume 2 page 122; Sheikh al-Mudhira, by Mahmoud Abu Raya, p. 170 (foot note); Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa, Volume 1 page 52; Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Duwal, by Ibn Al-Ebrei, vol. 1, p. 55; Al-Mahsol, by al-Razi, v. 4 p. 343; Ansab al-Ashraf, Volume 6 pages 192–193, Tarikh e Tibri by Tibri, v. 8 p. 343.</ref>

=== Causes of anti-Uthman revolt ===
{{Main|Abd Allah ibn Saba'}}

The actual reason for the anti-Uthman movement is disputed among the Shia and Sunni Muslims.<ref name="Gabrieli" /> Under Uthman, the people became more prosperous and on the [[Politics|political]] plane, they came to enjoy a larger degree of freedom. No institutions were devised to channel political activity, and, in their absence, the [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|pre-Islamic]] tribal jealousies and rivalries, which had been suppressed under earlier caliphs, erupted once again. The people took advantage of Uthman's leniency, which became a headache for the state, culminating in Uthman's assassination.<ref name="Aadil" />

According to [[Wilferd Madelung]], during Uthman's reign, "grievances against his arbitrary acts were substantial by standards of his time. Historical sources mention a lengthy account of the wrongdoings he was accused of... It was only his violent death that came to absolve him in Sunni ideology from any ''ahdath'' and make him a martyr and the third Rightly Guided Caliph".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilfred |title=The Succession to Muhammad |title-link=The Succession to Muhammad |page=78}}</ref> According to Heather Keaney, Uthman, as a caliph, relied solely on his own volition in picking his cabinet, which led to decisions that bred resistance within the Muslim community. Indeed, his style of governance made Uthman one of the most controversial figures in Islamic history.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keaney |first1=Heather |date=2011 |title=Confronting the Caliph - Uthmân b. Affân in Three Abbasid Chronicles |journal=[[Studia Islamica]] |volume=106 |issue=1 |doi=10.1163/19585705-12341251 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The resistance against Uthman arose because he favoured family members when choosing governors, reasoning that he would be able to exert more influence on their governance and, consequently, strengthen the feudal system he was working to establish. His instinct proved misguided, however, as his appointees ultimately exercised more control over how he conducted business than he had anticipated,<ref name="EI2">{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2012 |title=Ut̲h̲mān b. Affān |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |editor=P. Bearman |edition=2nd |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1315 |author2=R.G. Khoury |author1=G. Levi Della Vida |editor2=Th. Bianquis |editor3=C.E. Bosworth |editor4=E. van Donzel |editor5=W.P. Heinrichs}}</ref> and were even able to govern their provinces autocratically. Indeed, many anonymous letters were written to the leading companions of Muhammad, complaining about the alleged tyranny of Uthman's appointed governors. Moreover, letters were sent to the leaders of public opinion{{Clarify|date=March 2026|reason=What is a "leader of public opinion?"}} in different provinces concerning the reported abuse of power by Uthman's family. This contributed to unrest in the empire and finally Uthman had to investigate the matter in an attempt to ascertain the authenticity of the rumours.<ref>''A Chronology of Islamic History, 570–1000 CE'' by Habibur U. Rahman. {{ISBN|978-0-8161-9067-6}}</ref> [[Wilferd Madelung]] discredits the alleged role of [[Abd Allah ibn Saba'|Abd Allah ibn Saba]] in the rebellion against Uthman and observes that "few if any modern historians would accept Sayf's legend of Ibn Saba".<ref>''The Succession to Muhammad'', p. 2</ref>

[[Bernard Lewis]], a 20th-century scholar, says of Uthman:

{{blockquote|''Uthman'', like [[Mu'awiya I]], was a member of the leading [[Mecca]]n [[Umayyad dynasty|family of Umayya]] and was indeed the sole representative of the Meccan patricians among the [[Companions of the Prophet|early companions]] of the Prophet with sufficient prestige to rank as a candidate. His election was at once their victory and their opportunity. That opportunity was not neglected. Uthman soon fell under the influence of the dominant Meccan families and one after another, the high posts of the Empire went to members of those families. The weakness and nepotism of Uthman brought to a head the resentment which had for some time been stirring obscurely among the Arab warriors. The Muslim tradition attribute the breakdown which occurred during his reign to the personal defects of Uthman. But, the causes lie far deeper and the guilt of Uthman lay in his failure to recognize, control or remedy them.<ref>''[[The Arabs in History]]'', p. 59, [[Oxford University Press]], 2002</ref>}}

== Assassination ==
{{Main|Assassination of Uthman}}

On 17 June 656, after finding the gates of Uthman's house guarded, a group of rebels scaled the walls from a neighboring house and entered his room. Among them was [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]], the son of the first caliph, who reportedly seized Uthman by his beard. According to many accounts, after Uthman reminded him of his father’s friendship, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr felt remorse and withdrew from the scene; however, other rebels then moved in and fatally stabbed the Caliph while he was reciting the Quran.{{sfn|Madelung|1997|p=139}}{{sfn|Humphreys|1990|p=190}}

According to a narration regarded as likely to be a legend by Madelung,{{sfn|Madelung|1997|p=139 n.}} Uthman's wives threw themselves on his body to shield him. [[Na'ila bint al-Furafisa]], one of his wives, extended her hand to block a blade. Her fingers were severed, and she was shoved aside. The following strike killed Uthman. A few of Uthman's slaves retaliated, and one of them succeeded in killing one of the assassins before being murdered by the rebels.{{sfn|Humphreys|1990|p=216, 248}}

=== Funeral ===
[[File:Baqi Othman.jpg|thumb|Uthman's tomb after [[Demolition of al-Baqi|demolition by Saudi Arabia]]]]

After the body of Uthman had been in the house for three days{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}, Na'ila approached some of his supporters to assist in his burial, but only about a dozen people responded, including [[Marwan I|Marwan]], [[Zayd ibn Thabit]], Huwatib bin Alfarah, [[Jubayr ibn Muṭʽim|Jubayr ibn Mut'im]], Abu Jahm bin Hudaifa, Hakim bin Hazam and Niyar bin Mukarram.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islamicgoodsdirect.co.uk/product_info.php/products_id/1427 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928200549/http://www.islamicgoodsdirect.co.uk/product_info.php/products_id/1427 |url-status=dead |title=Hazrat Usman |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> The body was lifted at dusk, and because of the blockade, no coffin could be procured. The body was not washed. Thus, Uthman was carried to the graveyard in the clothes that he was wearing at the time of his assassination.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.writerinislam.blogspot.com/2005/11/uthman-ibn-affan-man-with-two-lights.html |title=Uthman ibn Affan - The Man With Two Lights (Part Two) |first=Amatullah |last=A. |date=29 November 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109144132/http://www.writerinislam.blogspot.com/2005/11/uthman-ibn-affan-man-with-two-lights.html |archive-date=9 November 2007}}</ref>

Na'ila followed the funeral with a lamp, but, in order to maintain secrecy, the lamp had to be extinguished. Na'ila was accompanied by some women, including Uthman's daughter.<ref name="Tabari15">Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rasul wa'l-Muluk'', translated by Humphreys, R. S. (1990), ''Volume 15 - The Crisis of the Early Caliphate'', Albany, [[SUNY Press|State University of New York Press]].</ref>{{rp|247, 248}}

=== Burial ===
The body was carried to [[Al-Baqi Cemetery|Jannat al-Baqi]] for burial.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Apparently, some people gathered there and resisted Uthman's burial in the Muslim cemetery. Accordingly, Uthman's supporters later buried him in the Jewish graveyard behind Al-Baqi Cemetery. Some decades later, the Umayyad rulers demolished the wall separating the two cemeteries and merged the Jewish cemetery into the Muslim one to ensure that his tomb was now inside a Muslim cemetery.<ref>''Textual Sources for the Study of Islam'' by Knappert, Jan, Andrew Rippin</ref>{{failed verification|date=July 2018|reason=Uthman's burial, Jannat al-Baqi nor any cemetery is mentioned in this ref}}

The funeral prayers were led by [[Jubayr ibn Muṭʽim|Jubayr ibn Mut'im]], and the dead body was lowered into the grave with little ceremony. After burial, Na'ila and A'isha wanted to speak but were discouraged from doing so due to possible danger from the rioters.<ref>''The Encyclopaedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged'' by Peter N. Stearns, William Leonard Langer</ref><ref name="Tabari15" />{{rp|247}}

== Appearance and character ==

The historian [[al-Tabari]] notes that Uthman was of medium height, strong-boned and broad-shouldered and walked in a bowlegged manner.<ref name="TabariHumphreysP252-53">{{cite book |last1=Al-Tabari |first1=Muhammad ibn Jarir |last2=Humphreys |first2=R. Stephen |author-link1=Al-Tabari |author-link2=R. Stephen Humphreys |title=The History of al-Tabari, Volume XV - The Crisis of the Early Caliphate |date=1990 |pages=252–253 |url=https://archive.org/stream/LEKJHFNM/15%20The%20Reign%20Of%20Uthman%20Bin%20Affan%20A.H.%2024-35%20Vol.15#page/n275/mode/2up}}</ref> He is said to have had large limbs, with fleshy shins and long, hairy forearms.<ref name="JubouriP145">{{cite book |last=Al-Jubouri |first=I.M.N. |title=History of Islamic Philosophy - With View of Greek Philosophy and Early History of Islam |date=2004 |page=145 |publisher=Authors On Line |isbn=9780755210114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xJjNG5CNdwC&pg=PA145}}</ref> Though commonly described as having been very handsome with a fair complexion,<ref name="TabariHumphreysP252-53" /> when viewed up close, light scars from a childhood bout of [[smallpox]] were said to have been evident on his face.<ref name=BarnabyP236>{{cite book |last=Rogerson |first=Barnaby |author-link=Barnaby Rogerson |title=The Heirs Of The Prophet Muhammad - And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism |date=2006 |page=236}}</ref> He had a full reddish-brown beard to which he applied [[saffron]]<ref name="TabariHumphreysP252-53" /> and thick curly hair which grew past his ears, though receded at the front.<ref name="BarnabyP236" /> His teeth were bound with gold wire,<ref name="BarnabyP236" /> with the front ones being noted as being particularly fine.<ref name="JubouriP145" />

Unlike his predecessor Umar, Uthman was not a skilled orator, having grown tongue-tied during his first address as caliph. He remained somewhat apart from the other close [[Companions of the Prophet|Sahaba]], having been an elegant, educated and cultured merchant-prince standing out among his poorer compatriots. This was a trait which had been acknowledged by Muhammad. One story relates that Aisha, having noted that Muhammad reclined comfortably and spoke casually with Abu Bakr and Umar, asked him why when he addressed Uthman, he chose to gather his clothing neatly and assume a formal manner. Muhammad replied that "Uthman is modest and shy and if l had been informal with him, he would not have said what he had come here to say".<ref name="BarnabyP236" />

Uthman was a family man<ref name="EI2" /> who led a simple life even after becoming the caliph, despite the fact that his flourishing family business had made him rich. Prior caliphs had been paid for their services from the bayt al-mal, the public treasury, but the independently wealthy Uthman never took a salary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Abdul Basil |url=https://archive.org/details/uthman-bin-affan_202401/mode/1up |title=Uthman Bin Affan |page=42}}</ref> As a way of taking care of Muhammad's wives, he doubled their allowances. Uthman was not completely plain and simple, however, he built a palace for himself in Medina, known as Al-Zawar, with a notable feature being doors of precious wood. Although Uthman paid for the palace with his own money, Shia Muslims considered it his first step towards ruling like a king.<ref name="Nectar" />

According to [[Al-Nuwayri]], who lived in the 13th century, it was asked of Uthman why he did not drink wine during the Age of Ignorance, when there was no objection to this practice (before the revelation of Islam). He replied: "I saw that it made the intellect flee in its entirety, and I've never known of something to do this and then return in its entirety."<ref>{{Cite book |title=The ultimate ambition in the arts of erudition - a compendium of knowledge from the classical Islamic world |last=Nuwayrī, Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Wahhāb |editor=Muhanna, Elias |translator=Muhanna |date=2016 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=9780143107484 |pages=85 |oclc=995783596}}</ref>

== Assessment and legacy ==
Uthman is said to have been the first caliph to adopt the title {{Transliteration|ar|Khalifat Allah}} ("deputy of God") as well as {{Transliteration|ar|Amin Allah}} ("trustee of God").{{Sfn|Crone|Hinds|1986|pp=5–6}}{{Sfn|Crone|Hinds|1986|pp=21}} The general opinions of the Sunni Muslim community and Sunni historians regarding Uthman's rule are positive, particularly regarding his leniency; in their view, the kinsmen he appointed{{emdash}}such as [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan]] and [[Abd Allah ibn Amir]]{{emdash}}proved effective in both military and political management. By contrast, historians like Muhammad Zaki accused Uthman of corruption, particularly in the case of [[Al-Walid ibn Uqba]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-YanAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA234&dq=uthman+rule+expansion#q=uthman%20rule%20expansion ''History of Muslim Rule – The Prophet and The Early Rulers''] by Dr. Muhammad Zaki, Google Books.</ref>

Perhaps the most significant act of Uthman was allowing [[Mu'awiya I|Mu'awiya]] and [[Abd Allah ibn Sa'd]], governors of Syria and Northern Africa (respectively), to form the first integrated Muslim navy in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], rivalling the maritime dominance of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name="autogenerated6">''A Chronology Of Islamic History 570–1000 CE'', by H.U. Rahman 1999, pages 48–49</ref><ref name="Hugh Kennedy page 326">''The Great Arab Conquests By Hugh Kennedy'', page 326</ref> Ibn Sa'd's conquest of the southeast coast of Spain, his stunning victory at the [[Battle of the Masts]] in [[Lycia]], and expansion to other coasts of the Mediterranean Sea are generally overlooked. These achievements gave birth to the first Muslim standing navy, thus enabling the first Muslim maritime conquest of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="autogenerated6" /><ref name="Hugh Kennedy page 326" /> and [[Rhodes]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Treadgold |first=Warren |author-link=Warren Treadgold |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC |location=Stanford, California |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6 |page=313}}</ref><ref name="WT">Warren Treadgold, ''A history of the Byzantine State and Society'', [[Stanford University Press]], 1997, p. 314 {{ISBN|0-8047-2630-2}}</ref> This subsequently paved the way for the establishment of several Muslim states in the Mediterranean Sea during the later [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] eras,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA639 |last1=Khadra Jayyusi |first1=Salma |last2=Marín |first2=Manuela |date=1992 |title=The Legacy of Muslim Spain |page=649 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-9004095991}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJZTAAAAcAAJ&q=uthman+nafi+spain+abdullah+sa%27d&pg=PA383 |author=Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Maqqarī |date=1848 |title=History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain Oriental translation Fund |page=383}}</ref> which came in the form of the [[Muslim Sicily|Emirate of Sicily]]<ref name="stan">{{cite news |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/mountpolizzo/HandbookTOC.htm |publisher=Archaeology.Stanford.edu |title=Brief history of Sicily |date=24 November 2008 |format=PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508130031/http://www.stanford.edu/group/mountpolizzo/HandbookTOC.htm |archive-date=8 May 2009}}</ref> and its minor vassal the [[Emirate of Bari]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kreutz |first=Barbara M. |title=Before the Normans - Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries |location=Philadelphia |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=0-8122-1587-7}}</ref><ref name="kreutz1">Kreutz citation of Baladhuri, 38.</ref> as well as the [[Emirate of Crete]]<ref name="Makrypoulias 2000, pp. 347–348">Makrypoulias (2000), pp. 347–348</ref> and the [[Aghlabid dynasty]].<ref name="gold79">{{cite book |last=Goldschmidt |first=Arthur |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |date=2002 |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |location=Boulder, Colorado |isbn=978-0-8133-3885-9 |page=79 |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00gold/page/79}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yyXYAAAAMAAJ&q=khalifah+usman+bizantium |author=Muhammad |publisher=Salemba Empat |orig-date=2002 |date=2009 |title=Kebijakan fiskal dan moneter dalam ekonomi Islami |isbn=9789796911189}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&q=uthman+affan+navy&pg=PA558 |title=Navy |editor-last=Meri |editor-first=Josef |editor2-last=Bacharach |editor2-first=Jere L. |first=Hassan |last=Khalileh |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |date=2006 |page=558 |isbn=978-0-415-96692-4 |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization - An Encyclopedia (Volume 2)}}</ref>

From an expansionist perspective, Uthman is regarded as skilled in conflict management, as is evident from how he dealt with the heated and troubled early Muslim conquered territories, such as Kufa and Basra, by directing the hot-headed Arab settlers to new military campaigns and expansions.<ref>Shaban, M. A.; (1979), ''The Abbāsid Revolution'', p. 17–18.</ref> This not only resulted in settling the internal conflicts in those settlements but also further expanded Rashidun territory to as far west as southern Iberia<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oALIyvjV0fEC&pg=PA22 |last=Stephen Humphreys |first=R. |date=1990 |title=translation The History of al-Tabari, Vol. 15 |page=22 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=9780791401545}}</ref> and as far east as [[Sindh]], Pakistan.<ref>Tabri vol. 4, page 180–181</ref>

=== Religious impact ===
Uthman is credited with bringing unity to the current version of the Quran.<ref name="tabatabai5" /> Prior to Uthman's reign, the Qur'an did not formally exist as a fixed text but was largely written in fragmentary form and as a spoken, recited work.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/the-quran#:~:text=During%20the%20rule%20of%20one,centres%20of%20the%20Islamic%20Empire |title=British Library |access-date=6 June 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001165421/https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/the-quran#:~:text=During%20the%20rule%20of%20one,centres%20of%20the%20Islamic%20Empire |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results - palmed stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by heart (page 1) - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/search?q=palmed+stalks,+thin+white+stones+and+also+from+the+men+who+knew+it+by+heart |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Uthman observed this brought with it some challenges. For example, even men of the same tribe would at times disagree over how the Quran would be recited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results - jump over him during his prayer, but I controlled my temper (page 1) - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/search?q=jump+over+him+during+his+prayer,+but+I+controlled+my+temper |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Although some of the companions of Mohammed had attempted to bring together collections of the Quran, it had not yet been standardized.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results - Therefore I (Umar) suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected (page 1) - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/search?q=Therefore+I+(Umar)+suggest,+you+(Abu+Bakr)+order+that+the+Qur%27an+be+collected |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> [[Anas ibn Malik|Anas bin Malik]] reported "Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Syria and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to Uthman, "O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book ... So Uthman sent a message to [[Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa]] saying, "Send us the manuscripts of the Qur'an so that we may compile the Qur'anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you". Hafsa sent it to Uthman. Uthman then ordered [[Zayd ibn Thabit]], [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]], [[Sa'id ibn al-As]] and Abd al-Rahman ibn Harith to rewrite the manuscripts..."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih al-Bukhari 4987 - Virtues of the Qur'an - كتاب فضائل القرآن - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4987 |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> This order from Uthman gave the final form of the Quran we have today, and although a few small variants do exist in some areas, most of the variant readings and recitations have been lost or destroyed.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://topicsfromquran.com/2021/03/01/the-preservation-of-al-quran-hafs-vs-warsh-other-recitations/#:~:text=They%20have%20minor%20differences%20with%20each%20other |title=The Preservation of Al-Quran (Hafs vs Warsh/Other recitations) |date=March 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |author=[[Barnaby Rogerson]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExbdVf5fFmUC |title=The Heirs Of The Prophet Muhammad - And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism |date=4 November 2010 |publisher=Little, Brown Book Group |isbn=978-0-7481-2470-1}}
* {{citation |author=Barnaby Rogerson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzyBPwAACAAJ |title=The Heirs of Muhammad - Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni-Shia Split |date=2008 |publisher=Overlook |isbn=978-1-59020-022-3}}
* {{The History of al-Tabari |volume=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oALIyvjV0fEC}}
* {{cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |title=The Succession to Muhammad - A Study of the Early Caliphate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=1997 |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-64696-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Crone |first1=Patricia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ow-mV50c2TUC&pg=PA7 |title=God's Caliph - Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam |last2=Hinds |first2=Martin |date=1986 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-32185-9 |location=Cambridge}}

== Further reading ==
* [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Uthman-ibn-Affan Uthmān ibn 'Affān Muslim caliph], in ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', by Asma Afsaruddin, Gita Liesangthem, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch and The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{wikiquote}}
Views of various Islamic historians on Uthman:
* [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/60_uthman_bin_ghani.htm Uthman in History]
* [http://quilliampress.com/the-khilafa-of-uthman/ Quilliam Press: Uthman ibn Affan] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025115604/http://quilliampress.com/the-khilafa-of-uthman/ |date=25 October 2012}}
Views of the Arab Media on Uthman:
* [http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP70404 Ever Since the Murder of Uthman]
Shia view of Uthman:
* [http://al-islam.org/restatement/58.htm Uthman's election]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050411185921/http://www.holynajaf.net/eng/html/nahjulbalaga/030.htm The assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan]
* [http://www.basma.us/site/true_islam/quran/article.quran.graces_of_waki'aah.php Uthman and Abdullah bin Massood]

{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Umayyad|Banu Umayya]]||{{circa|579}} |20 June|656|[[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraysh]]}}
{{s-rel|su}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Umar ibn al-Khattab]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Caliphate|Caliph of Islam]] [[Rashidun Caliph]]|years=6 November 644 – 17 June 656}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ali ibn Abi-Talib]]}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yazdgerd III]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Persia|Ruler of Persia]]|years=651 – 656}}
{{s-non|reason=Merged into [[Caliphate]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Rashidun Caliphs|state=expanded}}
{{Ten companions of Muhammad|state=expanded}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uthman Ibn Affan}}
[[Category:Uthman| ]]
[[Category:579 births]]
[[Category:656 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:7th-century caliphs]]
[[Category:Assassinated caliphs]]
[[Category:Banu Umayya]]
[[Category:Deaths by beating]]
[[Category:Rashidun caliphs]]
[[Category:Sahabah martyrs]]
[[Category:Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]
[[Category:Arab Muslims]]

CareEdge Group

2026-03-28T01:56:19Z

MichalKohn: stub!

{{Short description|Indian financial services company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CareEdge Group
| former_name = CARE Ratings
| logo = Logo CAREEdge subsidiaries.png
| type = [[Public company]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|534804}} {{NSE|CARERATING}}
| industry = [[Financial services]]
| founded = {{Start date and age |1993 }}
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| key_people = Mehul Pandya (MD & [[Group Chief executive officer|Group CEO]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=CARE Ratings Limited Announces Re-Designation of Mehul Pandya from CEO to Group CEO
|url=https://in.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/CARE-RATINGS-LIMITED-13255729/news/CARE-Ratings-Limited-Announces-Re-Designation-of-Mehul-Pandya-from-CEO-to-Group-CEO-46322864/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=market screener}}</ref> Sachin Gupta ([[Executive Director|ED]]) Revati Kasture ([[Executive Director|ED]])
| services = Credit Ratings, Analytics, Consulting, Research, ESG
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|251|c}} (December 2023)<ref name="year results dec23">{{cite web|url=https://www.careratings.com/Uploads/newsfiles/FinancialReports/1688449173_Annual%20Report%20FY2023.pdf|title=December 2023 results|publisher=Care Ratings Limited|access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref>
| website = {{URL |https://www.careratings.com/ }}
}}

'''CareEdge Group''', formerly known as '''CARE Ratings''', is an Indian [[credit rating agency]] that also offers research, analytics, risk management, and advisory services.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=K Ram |title=Non-rating businesses' contribution to overall revenues to double to 20% in 2-3 yrs: CareEdge Ratings |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/non-rating-businesses-contribution-to-overall-revenues-to-double-to-20-in-2-3-yrs-careedge-ratings/article69145451.ece |access-date=22 March 2025 |work=The Hindu BusinessLine |publisher=The Hindu |date=27 January 2025}}</ref> It provides credit ratings services in sectors like manufacturing, infrastructure, financial services, and [[structured finance]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=CARE Ratings Ltd |url=https://stocksandsecurities.adityabirlacapital.com/markets/company-background/13090 |website=Aditya Birla Capital |publisher=Aditya Birla Money Limited |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CareEdge Group Company Profile {{!}} Management and Employees List |url=https://www.datanyze.com/companies/careedge-group/1312872735 |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Datanyze |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
CareEdge Group was established in 1993 as Credit Analysis and Research Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=CARE Ratings Ltd. Company History and Annual Growth Details |url=https://www.goodreturns.in/company/care-ratings/history.html |website=Goodreturns |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref> It had its [[Initial Public Offering]] in December 2012.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Credit Analysis & Research Ltd IPO (CARE IPO) Detail |url=https://www.chittorgarh.com/ipo/care_ipo/358/ |website=Chittorgarh |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref> The company established international subsidiaries in Mauritius in 2015,<ref>{{cite web |title=CARE Ratings Ltd Company Summary |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/company/care-ratings-ltd/summary |website=IIFL |access-date=30 March 2025}}</ref> Nepal in 2017,<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.careratingsnepal.com/about-us |website=CareEdge Ratings Nepal |publisher=CareEdge Ratings |access-date=30 March 2025}}</ref> and South Africa in 2023,<ref>{{cite web |title=Incorporation of step-down subsidiary of the Company |url=https://nsearchives.nseindia.com/corporate/CARERATING_26102023190627_CARE.pdf |publisher=The National Stock Exchange of India |access-date=30 March 2025}}</ref> to offer ratings and advisory services in those regions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shayan |last2=John |first2=Satish |title=How a domestic rating agency wants to take on the big guns |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/how-a-domestic-rating-agency-wants-to-take-on-the-big-guns-11712143176821.html |website=Mint |date=3 April 2024 |access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref>

==Sovereign Ratings==
In 2024, CareEdge published its sovereign rating methodology to assess the creditworthiness of sovereign debt issuers globally.<ref>{{cite news |title=CareEdge Ratings to assess credit profile of sovereign debt issuers |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/careedge-ratings-to-assess-credit-profile-of-sovereign-debt-issuers/article67792297.ece |agency=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref> In 2024 the [[African Peer Review Mechanism]] and Care Ratings (Africa) signed a [[Memorandum of understanding|Memorandum of Understanding]] to collaborate in developing credit rating standards for Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=The APRM and CARE Ratings (Africa) Signed a Memorandum of Understanding for Credit Rating Collaboration |url=https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2024-05-03/aprm-and-care-ratings-africa-signed-memorandum-understanding |website=African Peer Review Mechanism |date=9 March 2024 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref>

In 2023, [[V. Anantha Nageswaran]], Chief Economic Advisor to the [[Government of India]], published a paper suggesting reforms to the methodologies used by global credit rating agencies, indicating potential bias against developing countries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=India's chief economic advisor questions Fitch, S&P and Moody's rating metrics - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-chief-economic-advisor-questions-fitch-sp-and-moodys-rating-metrics-18627971.htm |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> In the paper, Nageswaran, along with his co-author, Rajiv Mishra stated that, the global ratings agencies risked "sowing suspicion about discriminatory intent".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=India's economic adviser calls for review of sovereign ratings methods |url=https://theprint.in/economy/indias-economic-adviser-calls-for-review-of-sovereign-ratings-methods/1896718/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The paper went on to say that "developing countries have seen over 95% of all downgrades despite experiencing milder economic contractions than their advanced economy counterparts."<ref>{{cite news |title=India's economic adviser calls for review of sovereign ratings methods |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-economic-adviser-calls-review-sovereign-ratings-methods-2023-12-22/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |work=Reuters |date=22 December 2023}}</ref>

== Company structure ==
'''CARE Ratings Limited''' is the parent company of the CareEdge Group. It commenced operations in April 1993 and became publicly listed on 26 December 2012 on both the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE) and the [[National Stock Exchange of India]] (NSE).<ref name="IPO">{{cite web |title=CARE Ratings IPO |url=https://www.bseindia.com/markets/ipo/ipo_details.aspx?scrip_cd=534804 |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=BSE India}}</ref>

As of June 2024, CARE Ratings Limited operates several wholly owned subsidiaries focused on analytics, ESG assessments, and international credit rating services.<ref name="Subsidiaries2024">{{cite news |date=2024-10-24 |title=CARE Ratings Q2 Results: Consolidated PAT Rises 22% to Rs 36 Crore |url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market/care-ratings-consolidated-pat-rises-22-to-rs-36-crore-in-q2-fy25-124102400413_1.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>

* '''CARE Analytics & Advisory Private Ltd''', formerly known as CARE Risk Solutions Pvt Ltd, which provides analytics and advisory services.<ref name="Subsidiaries2024"/><ref name="CAAPLDirectors">{{cite web |title=Directors' Report: CARE Ratings Limited |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/care-ratings-ltd/directorsreport/companyid-61537.cms |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref>
* '''CARE ESG Ratings Ltd''', previously known as CARE Advisory Research and Training Ltd, focused on ESG assessments.<ref name="ESGRatings">{{cite news |date=2024-05-01 |title=CARE Ratings Rebrands ESG Arm |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/care-ratings-rebrands-esg-arm-124050100123_1.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>
* '''CareEdge Global IFSC Ltd''', based in the International Financial Services Centre in [[GIFT City]], offering global financial services.<ref name="GlobalIFSC">{{cite news |date=2024-10-07 |title=CareEdge Group Launches Global IFSC Arm |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/careedge-group-launches-global-ifsc-arm/114087230 |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref name="HTGlobal">{{cite news |date=2024-10-07 |title=CareEdge Expands to GIFT City |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/careedge-expands-to-gift-city-101727947523695.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* International subsidiaries include:
* '''CARE Ratings (Africa) Private Limited''', licensed by the Financial Services Commission (Mauritius) in May 2015 and recognized as an External Credit Assessment Institution (ECAI) by the [[Bank of Mauritius]] in May 2016.<ref name="AfricaMoU">{{cite web |date=2024-05-03 |title=APRM and Care Ratings Africa Sign MoU |url=https://www.aprm-au.org/publications/aprm-care-ratings-africa/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=African Peer Review Mechanism}}</ref><ref name="PlatformAfrica">{{cite web |date=2024-05-01 |title=Care Ratings Africa Signs MoU with APRM |url=https://platformafrica.com/2024/05/01/care-ratings-africa-signs-mou-with-aprm/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Platform Africa}}</ref>
* '''CARE Ratings South Africa (Pty) Ltd''', operating in South Africa.<ref name="ReutersProfile">{{cite web |title=CARE Ratings Ltd Company Profile |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/CARR.NS |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
* '''CARE Ratings Nepal Limited''', incorporated in Kathmandu and licensed by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON) on 16 November 2017 as the second credit rating agency in Nepal.<ref name="NepalBS">{{cite news |date=2017-11-16 |title=CARE Ratings Nepal Commences Operations |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/care-ratings-nepal-commences-operations-117111600123_1.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref><ref name="NepalET">{{cite news |date=2017-11-16 |title=CARE Ratings Nepal Gets SEBON License |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/care-ratings-nepal-gets-sebon-license/61537230 |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Involvement in the Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Crisis ==
CareEdge Group, along with other credit rating agencies such as [[ICRA Limited]], assigned credit ratings to [[Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services]] (IL&FS) and its subsidiaries. During the period of IL&FS's financial difficulties, CareEdge and other agencies maintained high ratings for IL&FS entities, with downgrades occurring after defaults began.<ref name="GrantThornton">{{cite news |date=2019-08-16 |title=IL&FS Audit Report Highlights Management's Role in Misleading Rating Agencies |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/il-fs-audit-report-highlights-management-s-role-in-misleading-rating-agencies-119081600123_1.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>

An audit conducted by [[Grant Thornton]] found that IL&FS management provided incomplete or inaccurate information, which affected the rating processes of CareEdge and other agencies.<ref name="GrantThornton" /> This contributed to challenges in reflecting IL&FS's financial condition in the ratings on time.<ref name="SEBIPenalties">{{cite web |date=2020-06-25 |title=Order in the Matter of IL&FS |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/enforcement/orders/jun-2020/order-in-the-matter-of-il-fs_47030.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Securities and Exchange Board of India}}</ref>

The [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) reviewed the rating processes and imposed penalties on CareEdge and ICRA for procedural lapses identified in connection with the IL&FS matter.<ref name="SEBIPenalties" /> The issuer-pays model, used by CareEdge and other rating agencies, has been noted by analysts as a potential source of conflicts of interest in the credit rating industry.<ref name="IssuerPays">{{cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=How IL&FS Crisis Led to Panic in the Indian Domestic Market |url=https://groww.in/p/ilfs-crisis |access-date=2025-07-23 |publisher=Groww}}</ref>

An independent inquiry into the leadership of Rajesh Mokashi, who served as CEO of CareEdge during the IL&FS events, found no evidence of wrongdoing on his part.<ref name="MokashiInquiry">{{cite news |date=2020-03-15 |title=Independent Inquiry Clears Former CareEdge CEO |url= |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref> Following these events, CareEdge appointed Ajay Mahanjan as CEO, and in 2022, Mehul Pandya was promoted internally to lead the group.<ref name="CEOLeadership">{{cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=CareEdge Group Leadership Changes |url= |publisher=CareEdge Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SEBON |url=https://www.sebon.gov.np/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.sebon.gov.np}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Care Rating Nepal gets Sebon's nod |url=https://kathmandupost.com/money/2017/11/23/care-rating-nepal-gets-sebons-nod |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2017 |title=Care Ratings Nepal receives Operating License from SEBON |url=http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/6931 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.newbusinessage.com |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626061829/http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/6931 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.careratings.com/ CareEdge Group]

[[Category:Finance]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Credit rating agencies in India]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Koch (caste)

2026-03-17T23:14:37Z

MichalKohn: enhance section further and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|Caste in India}}
{{distinguish|Koch people|Rajbanshi people}}
{{infobox ethnic group
| group = Koch
| image =
| caption =
| regions = [[Upper Assam]]
| region1 = {{spaces|14}}[[India]]
| langs = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| rels =
| native_name = Koch
| native_name_lang = [[Koch]]
| related_groups = [[Bodo people|Bodos]], [[Tiwa people (India)|Tiwas]], [[Karbi people|Karbis]], [[Hajong people|Hajongs]], [[Ahom people|Ahoms]], [[Naga people|Nagas]], [[Chutia people|Chutias]]
}}

'''Koch''' is a [[social group]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]]. The members of the caste are converts from different ethnic groups such as the [[Boro people|Bodo]]s, [[Garo people|Garo]]s, [[Tiwa (Lalung)|Tiwa]]s, [[Karbi people|Karbi]]s, [[Hajong people|Hajongs]], [[Chutia people|Chutias]] etc.<ref name='a'>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2014|p=17}}:"In Upper Assam, “Koch” only applies to groups reputed to have converted to Assamese Hinduism and which no longer recognize themselves as Tiwa, Karbi or Bodo."</ref><ref>"In Assam proper, however, the term 'Koch' implies the name of a caste (rather a Hinduised tribe) "into which all converts from different tribes, Kachari, Garo, Hajong, Lalung, Mikir etc. are admitted on conversion"{{harvcol|Nath|1989|p=7}}</ref> The Koch is one of many categories in the [[Assamese people#Tribe-Caste continuum|tribe-caste continuum]] in [[Assamese people|Assamese society]].{{sfn|Sharma|2009|p=358}} In some instances, the identity of the Koch overlaps the identity of the Kachari.<ref>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2014|p=17}}:"The Boch category does not, however, encompass all the intermediary statuses between caste and tribe. For instance, in the same region of Upper Assam, the Koch category conceptually overlaps the Kachari, the second term being more common on the northern bank and the far east"</ref> Any member of any ethnic group can become a Koch by employing a Brahmin and giving up habits such as the consumption of liquor, [[pork]], [[beef]] etc. and giving up their original [[First language|mother tongue]] which are considered to be [[Aśuddhatā|impure]] in [[Hinduism]]. The caste is mostly found to be concentrated in [[Upper Assam]] section of the [[Brahmaputra Valley]].{{sfn|Ramirez|2014|p=17}}

==See also==
*[[Boro people]]
*[[Garo people]]
*[[Tiwa (Lalung)]]
*[[Karbi people]]
*[[Assamese people]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
===Printed sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book|last=Ramirez|first=Philippe|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446144/document|title=People of the Margins - Across Ethnic Boundaries in North-East India|date=2014|language=en}}
*{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECxUOSudNGYC|last=Nath |first=D. |title=History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615 |publisher=Mittal Publications|year= 1989|isbn=8170991099}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Chandan Kumar |chapter=Tribe Caste Continuum and the Formation of Assamese Identity |year=2009 |title=Tribes of North-East India: Issues and Challenges |editor-last=Medhi |editor-first=B.K |pages=354–366 |location=Delhi|publisher =Omsons Publications}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Social groups of Assam]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Kamtapur]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Economy of Thrissur

2026-03-11T19:33:14Z

MichalKohn: stub

{{Short description|Economy of a region in Kerala state, India}}
{{Infobox economy
| country = Thrissur
| image = Thrissur skyline from Nehru Park.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption =
| year = 1 April – 31 March
| currency = [[Indian Rupee]] (INR, ₹)
| group =
| population =
| gdp = $13.48 billion
| gdp rank = 24th
| growth =
| per capita =
| components =
| poverty =
| gini =
| inflation =
| bankrate =
| hdi =
| labor =
| occupations =
| unemployment =
| average gross salary =
| gross median =
| average net salary =
| net median =
| industries = Banking Gold and rolled gold manufacturing Retail Ayurvedic drug manufacturing
| exports =
| imports =
| import-goods =
| import-partners =
| FDI =
| current account =
| gross external debt =
| NIIP =
| debt =
| aid =
| credit =
| spelling = Oxford
| presentUS$asdefault = no
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
The economy of [[Thrissur]] is centered on the City of [[Thrissur]] and extends across the larger Thrissur [[metropolitan area]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. [[Thrissur]] ranks 24th among [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India| most-populous urban agglomeration]] areas by [[gross domestic product (GDP)]], with a total GDP of ₹1,059.57 billion (US$13.48 billion) and an adjusted GDP (PPP) of US$51.31 billion. The city plays a significant role in [[Kerala]]’s economy, contributing 10.35% to the state’s GDP and 0.39% to [[India]]’s national GDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title= District wise Gross Value Added in 2022-2|url=https://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/publication-list?sort=newest&tab=charts&category=3060&jurisdiction=&search=&scheme=3053&from=&to=&published_from=&published_to= |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=ecostat.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>

[[File:Pulimoottil Silks Thrissur.jpg|thumb|right| Showroom of Pulimoottil Silks in [[Thrissur]]]]

The city of [[Thrissur]], the ''cultural capital of [[Kerala]]'', is also a major commercial and business hub of [[South India]]. It is said to be the heartland of Kerala's business acumen and home to most every leading ''[[Malayali]]'' entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Banking-Finance-/Banking/South-Indian-Bank-sees-sunshine-in-slowdown/articleshow/4222496.cms
|title=South Indian Bank sees sunshine in slowdown
|newspaper=The Economic Times
|access-date=2010-07-13
|date=2009-03-04}}</ref> The city which is famous for ''Bullion, Banking and its Business'' acumen, is the darling of investors in [[Kerala]]. Thrissur is also referred as the ''Golden city of [[India]]''. It manufactures 70% of plain gold jewellery in Kerala per day. According to a survey, [[Thrissur]] city has been placed on 7th among the ten cities in [[India]] to reside.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/ET_Cetera/Cities_best_to_earn_a_living_are_not_the_best_to_live_Survey/rssarticleshow/2572349.cms
|title=Cities best to earn a living are not the best to live
|newspaper=The Economic Times
|access-date=2009-07-27
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008030908/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/ET_Cetera/Cities_best_to_earn_a_living_are_not_the_best_to_live_Survey/rssarticleshow/2572349.cms
|archive-date=8 October 2012
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

[[Thrissur]] is also one of the wealthiest cities in the [[Kerala]] state. With a strong economic backbone built on gold trade, banking, finance, real estate, and retail, the city is home to some of Kerala’s richest individuals and business groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/12/20/thrissur-rich-people-pooram-cultural-capital.html |title=Rs 40,000 crore — the combined wealth of the rich in Thrissur ... |newspaper=Manorama.com |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref>

==Economic indices==
[[Thrissur]] is generally regarded as having a good quality of life, often outperforming several major Indian metropolitan cities in livability rankings.

===Quality of Life===

In 2023, [[Thrissur]] was ranked 550th globally in the Oxford Economics Global Cities Index, placing it among the top 10 Indian cities out of the 1,000 cities evaluated worldwide. Notably, [[Thrissur]] stood out in the Quality of Life sub-index, where it ranked 757th globally, outperforming major Indian metros such as [[Delhi]] (838), [[Bengaluru]] (847), [[Hyderabad]] (882), and [[Mumbai]] (915).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://compass.rauias.com/current-affairs/global-cities-index-2024-released-oxford-economics/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
|title=Global Cities Index 2024 released by Oxford Economics
|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}

In 2024, [[Thrissur]] maintained its global position at 550th, once again emerging as [[Kerala]]’s second-best ranked city, just behind [[Kochi]] (521st). It continued to hold the 9th spot among Indian cities.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/global-cities-index-delhi-ranks-best-in-india-kochi-thrissur-better-in-quality-of-life-724418
|title=Global Cities Index: Delhi ranks best in India; Kochi, Thrissur better in ‘quality of life’
|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/quality-of-life-better-in-kochi-thrissur-as-compared-to-major-indian-cities-like-delhi-mumbai-bengaluru-and-hyderabad-oxford-index/articleshow/110304891.cms?from=mdr
|title=Quality of life better in Kochi, Thrissur as compared to major Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad: Oxford Index
|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/city/kochi/kochi-thrissur-has-better-quality-of-life-than-bengaluru-mumbai-delhi-oxford-global-cities-index-2024-article-110325580
|title=Kochi Has Better 'Quality of Life' Than Bengaluru, Mumbai, Delhi: Oxford Global Cities Index 2024
|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1311774&u=quality-of-life-and-cities-in-kerala-seven-cities-featured-in-oxford-economics-global-studies-index-1311774
|title=Quality of life and cities in Kerala; seven cities featured in Oxford Economics Global Studies Index
|access-date=July 18, 2025}}</ref> By 2025, [[Thrissur]] made a significant leap forward, climbing 121 spots to rank 429th globally. It retained its 9th place among Indian cities.

==History==
Historians say that the King of [[Cochin]], [[Sakthan Thampuran]], invited 52 [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] families from the neighbouring areas, established them at temple dining hall or mass feeding centres and encouraged them to do business in textiles.<ref name="The architect of Thrissur">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2004/09/11/stories/2004091101060300.htm
|title=The architect of Thrissur
|access-date=2010-07-15
|location=Chennai, India
|date=2004-09-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805002946/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2004/09/11/stories/2004091101060300.htm
|archive-date=5 August 2011
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The industries of [[Thrissur]] contribute largely to the district's and city's economy. The presence of leading industrial houses in [[Thrissur]] has boosted the industrial scenario of the area. Though the city has numerous types of industries in [[Thrissur]].<ref name="The architect of Thrissur"/>

==Dominant industries==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Sobha City Mall 5.jpg
| width1 = 220
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Entrance of [[Sobha City Mall]] at [[Thrissur]] City
| image2 = Pulimoottil Silks Thrissur.jpg
| width2 = 220
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Showroom of Pulimoottil Silks at Palace Road, [[Thrissur]] City
| image3 = SIB from entrance gate.JPG
| width3 = 220
| alt3 =
| caption3 = [[South Indian Bank]] headquarters at [[Thrissur]] City
| image4 =
| width4 = 220
| alt4 =
| caption4 = City Centre shopping mall is the first shopping mall in [[Kerala]] and [[Thrissur]]
| image5 = Registered & Corporate office of ESAF Small Finance Bank.jpg
| width5 = 220
| alt5 =
| caption5 = Headquarters of [[ESAF Small Finance Bank]] at [[Thrissur]] City
}}

===Manufacturing===
[[Thrissur]] houses several major industrial estates developed by [[Small Industries Development Corporation]] (SIDCO), including those at [[Ollur]], [[Kallettumkara]], Arimbur, [[Mala, Kerala]], and Kattoor. These estates support a wide range of small and medium-scale industries, contributing significantly to the [[Thrissur]]'s economy. In addition to the major estates, [[Thrissur]] also features multiple mini industrial estates located at Ayyanthole, Chavakkad, Choondal, Athani, Koorkkenchery, [[Ollur]], Pappinivattam, and Vallachira. These mini estates are aimed at encouraging micro and small enterprises in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://industry.kerala.gov.in/index.php/infrastructure-tsr
|title=Directorate of Industries and Commerce
|access-date=April 27, 2025}}</ref>

The city is home to several large-scale industries and public sector undertakings. Notable units include Nitta Gelatine India at Kadukutty, [[Kerala]] Solvent Extraction Ltd at Irinjalakuda and Koratty, and the [[Thrissur]] Co-operative Spinning Mill at [[Wadakkancherry, Thrissur]]. Other significant industries include Kerala Feeds at Kallettumkara, Kerala Lakshmi Mills at Pullazhy, and Alagappa Textiles at [[Alagappa Nagar]].

[[Steel Industries Kerala Limited]] and Steel Industrials Kerala Limited, both at Athani, are important players in the engineering and steel sectors. Private industrial companies like [[Apollo Tyres]] at Perambra and [[Carborundum Universal]] at [[Koratty]] also have a strong presence. The [[Oushadhi]] operates from [[Kuttanellur]], focusing on ayurvedic medicine production, while [[Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills]] at [[Punkunnam]] continues to be a legacy name in the textile sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msmedithrissur.gov.in/assets/uploads/downloadfile/Thrissur%202018-19.pdf
|title=Large Scale Industries/Public Sector Undertakings
|access-date=April 27, 2025}}</ref>
There are two KINFRA Industrial Parks at Koratty and Puzhakkal.

NewMalayalam Steel is headquartered in [[Mala, Kerala]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]. Established in 2017, NewMalayalam Steel specialises in manufacturing galvanised pipes, tubes, and sheets under the brand name "Demac Steel." The company operates an electric resistance welding (ERW) tube mill with an installed capacity of 3,500 metric tonne at its manufacturing unit in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://manufacturing.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/newmalayalam-steel-secures-rs-18-cr-worth-fresh-order/117268229
|title=Newmalayalam Steel secures Rs 18 crore worth of fresh order
|access-date=May 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/newmalayalam-steel-ipo-listing-today-check-gmp-ahead-of-debut/articleshow/116697822.cms?from=mdr
|title=Newmalayalam Steel makes muted D-Street debut, lists at Rs 90
|access-date=May 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/ipo/newmalayalam-steel-ipo-opens-today-check-price-band-subscription-status-gmp-more-11734589483919.html
|title=Newmalayalam Steel IPO Day 3: Check price band, subscription status, GMP & more
|access-date=May 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/newmalayalam-steel-shares-list-flat-ipo-price-on-nse-sme-misses-gmp-estimates-12898671.html
|title=Newmalayalam Steel shares list flat IPO price on NSE SME; misses GMP estimates
|access-date=May 19, 2025}}</ref>

The economy of [[Thrissur]] is largely dependent on industries, retailing and financing. Thrissur is one of the most important industrial centers of the state of Kerala. Industries like [[textile]], [[timber]], [[coir]], [[fishery]] industries, [[agriculture]]-based industries, tiles industries are present in Thrissur. However, the above-mentioned industries are not the only sources of revenue for Thrissur. The tourism industry plays an important role in Thrissur's economy.

According to the Registrar of Companies, the period from 1 January to 31 March 2010, 87 companies were registered in Thrissur and stood second in Kerala after [[Cochin]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/496-new-companies-registered-in-Kerala/articleshow/6197003.cms
|title=496 new companies registered in Kerala
|newspaper=The Economic Times
|access-date=2010-07-21
|date=2010-07-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726190224/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/496-new-companies-registered-in-Kerala/articleshow/6197003.cms
|archive-date=26 July 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref> Thrissur's traditional strength lies in best entrepreneurial and financial capabilities.

===Gold and Jewellery===
{{See also|Gold business in Thrissur}}
[[Thrissur]] city can also be referred as the ''Gold Capital of [[India]]'', since there is around Rs 700 crore business of gold every day in the city.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4923934.cms
|title=Cheaper homes do the trick
|newspaper=The Economic Times
|access-date=2010-12-13
|date=2009-08-23}}</ref> All major jewelleries in Kerala have branches in city. It is one of the main manufacturing centers of plain gold jewellery in the [[South India]]. 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in this city. Gold jewellery in Thrissur is well known for its world class craftsmanship and exquisite dexterity.

===Retailing===
[[File:Joy Alukkas store in Thrissur city.jpg|thumb|A Joy Alukkas store in Thrissur city]]

As [[Kerala]] is known more as a consumer state rather than a producer state, [[Thrissur]] also carries the same tag, as retailing is a big business and revenue earner for the City. Jewellery and textile retailing occupies a major part of the retailing business in [[Thrissur]]. [[Thrissur]] city is advanced in real estate sector. The City is considered as hub of jewellery and textile business in [[South India]]. [[Kalyan Group]], [[Kalyan Silks]], [[Kalyan Jewellers]], Pulimoottil Silks, Chakola Silkhouse, Elite Fabrics, Elite Sareee House, Manshire, Fashion Fabrics, [[Jos Alukka & Sons]], [[Joyalukkas]], Josco Group, Chemmanur Group are the few to name.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&programId=1079897624&contentId=8267335&district=Thrissur&BV_ID=@@@
|title=Thrissur, the new textile capital
|publisher=Manorama Online.com
|access-date=2010-11-25
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729142012/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&programId=1079897624&contentId=8267335&district=Thrissur&BV_ID=@@@
|archive-date=29 July 2013
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

===Information technology===
{{See also|Information technology in India}}
[[Infopark, Thrissur]], located in [[Koratty]] near [[National Highway 544 (India)]], was established in 2009. The campus comprises nine villas, which are non-SEZ buildings, and one IT complex within the Special Economic Zone (SEZ), named ‘Indeevaram’.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infopark.in/infrastructure/thrissur
|title=Infopark Thrissur
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref> It offers a mix of plug-and-play and bare-shell office spaces. The campus is currently home to 58 companies, employing over 2,900 professionals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Nov/26/kochi-infoparks-growth-trajectory-goes-up-up-and-away
|title=Kochi Infopark's growth trajectory goes up, up and away
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/business/2024/09/04/infopark-clocks-crore-it-exports-growth.html
|title=Infopark clocks Rs 11,417 cr from IT exports at 24.28% growth
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/infopark-thrissur-readies-more-office-spaces/article67145144.ece
|title=Infopark Thrissur readies more office spaces
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref>

The first multi-storeyed IT building on the campus is called ‘Indeevaram’, which translates to ‘Blue Lotus’. Situated on six acres within the SEZ area, the building has a total built-up area of 3.3 lakh square feet. It comprises a basement, six floors, and a terrace floor designated for food courts and other amenities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/infopark-thrissur-to-get-new-plug-and-play-facility/articleshow/102296192.cms
|title=Infopark Thrissur to get new plug and play facility
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/construction/infopark-thrissur-to-launch-second-phase-offers-3-3-lakh-sq-ft-of-business-space/articleshow/50563059.cms?from=mdr
|title=Infopark Thrissur to launch second phase; offers 3.3 lakh sq ft of business space
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref>

===Tile industry===
One of the significant industries of the area, the tile industry of [[Thrissur]], employs numerous labourers from the state and outside. The [[Thrissur]] tile industry is more than a hundred years old. Over the years, the tile industry in [[Thrissur]] has witnessed many rises and falls, but it has managed to withstand the bad times. Today, Thrissur can boast of 160 tile factories, making it one of the biggest hubs of southern India. The tile industry of Thrissur is aided by the presence of clay suitable for making tiles. The main centers of the tile industry in [[Thrissur]] are in [[Karuvannoor]], [[Puthukkad]], [[Ollur]] and Amballur. The tile industry has acquired Italian technology to improve the quality and production of tiles. The tile industry provides many jobs to the local people of the city.

===Banking and Finance===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:75%; text-align:center; margin:1em;"
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#9BDDFF;"|'''Top publicly traded companies in Thrissur for 2020'''
|-
!Thrissur !! Corporation !! Ref.
|-
| 1 || style="background:#afa;"|[[South Indian Bank Ltd]] ||<ref name="South Indian Bank"/>
|-
| 2|| style="background:#afa;"|[[Dhanalakshmi Bank]]||<ref name="Dhanlaxmi Bank"/>
|-
| 3|| style="background:#afa;" |Kerala Solvent Extractions Ltd||<ref name="KSE Ltd"/>
|-
| 4|| style="background:#afa;"|[[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd]]||<ref name="bseindia.com.manappuram" />
|-
| 5|| style="background:#afa;"|[[Catholic Syrian Bank]]||<ref name="CSB Bank"/>
|-
| 6|| style="background:#afa;"|[[Kalyan Jewellers]]||<ref name= "BSE India"> {{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/kalyan-jewellers-india-ltd/KALYANKJIL/543278/|title=Kalyan Jewellers India Ltd1|publisher=BSE|access-date=2025-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| 7|| style="background:#afa;"|[[ESAF Small Finance Bank]]||<ref name= "ESAF Small Finance Bank">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/esaf-small-finance-bank-ltd/105esfbl24/957360/disclosures-insider-trading-1992/
|title=ESAF Small Finance Bank Ltd|publisher=BSE|access-date=2025-04-27}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=3|Sources:<ref name="CSB Bank">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/csb-bank-ltd/csbbank/542867/ |title=CSB Bank|publisher=BSE|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref><ref name="bseindia.com.manappuram">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/manappuram-finance-ltd/manappuram/531213/|title=Manappuram General Finance and Leasing|publisher=BSE|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref><ref name="KSE Ltd">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/kse-ltd/kse/519421/ |title=KSE Ltd|publisher=BSE|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref><ref name="Dhanlaxmi Bank">{{cite web
|url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/dhanlaxmi-bank-limited/dhanbank/532180/|title=Dhanlaxmi Bank|publisher=BSE
|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref><ref name="South Indian Bank">{{cite web|url= https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/south-indian-bank-ltd/southbank/532218/|title=South Indian Bank|publisher=BSE|access-date=2023-11-17}}</ref>
|}

The main strength of [[Thrissur]]'s economy is its financial capabilities. The banking system in [[Thrissur]] has been accredited for the effective disbursement of credit to the various sectors of [[Kerala]] society. It had played a big role in [[Kerala]]'s economy from the early part of the 1800s. It was started by Christian traders in the form of [[Chit fund]]. Gradually, Chit fund contributed much to the development of the banking industry in [[Thrissur]].
<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4980817.cms
|title= Chit fund companies on the rise in Kerala
|newspaper= The Economic Times
|access-date=2010-11-03
|date=2009-09-07}}</ref><ref name="Chit fund companies on the rise">{{cite web
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_chit-fund-companies-on-the-rise_1288173
|title=Chit fund companies on the rise
|publisher=DNA
|access-date=2010-11-03
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230162726/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_chit-fund-companies-on-the-rise_1288173
|archive-date=30 December 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

In the early 20th century, [[Thrissur]] emerged as a prominent banking hub, with numerous banks established by various communities. Notably, the Malayali Bank, founded in 1919 by the Namboodiris, and the [[CSB Bank]], established in 1921 by C.R. Iyyunni, a lawyer and social activist, are among the earliest. Other community-driven banks included the Chaldean Syrian Bank and the [[Dhanlaxmi Bank]], founded in 1927 by Tamil Brahmins. Unlike these, the [[South Indian Bank]], established in 1929 by 42 businessmen, was unique in its secular approach.

The proliferation of banks in [[Thrissur]] was influenced by strategic decisions made by [[Sakthan Thampuran]], the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] from 1751 to 1805. He shifted the capital from [[Mattancherry]] to [[Thrissur]] to avoid colonial conflicts and to leverage its central location for better governance.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/gnCCiFlgIJBsDtXcOr1BcN/The-forgotten-history-of-banking-in-Thrissur.html
|title=The forgotten history of banking in Thrissur
|access-date=May 12, 2025}}</ref>

Now, [[Thrissur]] boast the headquarters of four scheduled banks in [[Kerala]], [[South Indian Bank Ltd]], [[Catholic Syrian Bank]], [[Dhanalakshmi Bank]] and [[ESAF Small Finance Bank]]. The city is also the headquarters of [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd]] and [[Kerala State Financial Enterprise]]. According to the All Kerala Kuri Foreman's Association, Kerala has around 5,000 chit companies, with Thrissur accounting for the maximum of 3,000. These chit companies provide employment to about 35,000 persons directly and an equal number indirectly.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2004/09/11/stories/2004091101060300.htm
|title=The architect of Thrissur
|access-date=2011-01-23
|location=Chennai, India
|date=2004-09-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805002946/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2004/09/11/stories/2004091101060300.htm
|archive-date=5 August 2011
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_chit-fund-companies-on-the-rise_1288173
|title=Chit fund companies on the rise
|publisher=DNA
|access-date=2011-01-23
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230162726/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_chit-fund-companies-on-the-rise_1288173
|archive-date=30 December 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/chit-fund-cos-on-the-rise-in-kerala/513907/
|title=Chit fund cos on the rise in Kerala
|date=7 September 2009
|publisher=The Indian Express
|access-date=2010-02-15}}</ref>

Following is the list of banks based in [[Thrissur]].
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Bank Name !! Established !! Headquarter !! Branches !! [[Revenue]]s !! [[Asset|Total Assets]] !! Ref/Notes
|-
| [[South Indian Bank]] || 1929 || [[Thrissur]] || 875 || {{INRConvert|6562.64|c}} || {{INRConvert|74312.15|c}} ||
|-
| [[Dhanlaxmi Bank]] || 1927 || [[Thrissur]] || 280 || {{INRConvert|1116|c}} || {{INRConvert|12286|c}} ||
|-
| [[CSB Bank Limited]] || 1920 || [[Thrissur]] || 426 || {{INRConvert|1617.49|c}} || {{INRConvert|16223.24|c}} ||
|-
| [[ESAF Small Finance Bank]] || 2017 || [[Thrissur]] || 400 || {{INRConvert|1546.44|c}} || {{INRConvert|4050|c}} ||
|-
|}

===Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry===

[[File:KP Namboodiris.jpg|thumb|[[KP Namboodiris]] toothpaste, an iconic brand from Thrissur.]]

[[Thrissur]] is the hub of the ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry in [[South India]]. [[Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster]], another initiative by a group of ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in [[Koratty]] in [[Thrissur District]]. The cluster is meant for the comprehensive development of [[Kerala]]'s brand of ayurvedic products and to train the manufacturers of ayurveda products. The cluster has facilities for testing and analysis, process product validation, safety study and manufacturing. The cluster is approved by the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy ([[AYUSH]]).<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/centre-to-partfund-ayurveda-testing-facility-in-thrissur/264507/
|title=Centre to part-fund Ayurveda testing facility in Thrissur
|publisher=The Financial Express
|access-date=2010-01-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126132746/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Centre-to-partfund-Ayurveda-testing-facility-in-Thrissur/264507/
|archive-date=26 January 2008
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003711700.htm
|title=Centre sanctions Rs 29 cr for ayurveda cluster in Thrissur
|publisher=Business Line
|access-date=2010-01-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323102726/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003711700.htm
|archive-date=23 March 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=26402&sectionid=50
|title=Thrissur - The nerve-centre of Ayurveda
|publisher=Pharmabiz.com
|access-date=2010-01-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108040511/http://pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=26402&sectionid=50
|archive-date=8 January 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20T%20Balakrishnan.pdf
|title=Ayurvedic Industry - Challenges And Oppurtunities [sic]
|publisher=CII
|access-date=2010-01-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721153816/http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20T%20Balakrishnan.pdf
|archive-date=21 July 2011
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20A%20K%20Krishnakumar.pdf
|title=Ayurveda Sector in India: Challenges, Potential & Way Forward
|publisher=Global Ayurveda Summit 2010
|access-date=2010-01-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721154044/http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20A%20K%20Krishnakumar.pdf
|archive-date=21 July 2011
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

===Textile industry===
The prosperous [[textile mill]]s have made the textile industry of [[Thrissur]] a leading industry in South India. At present, there are six such mills in [[Thrissur]]. The textile mills in Thrissur are [[Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills]]; Alagappa Textiles, Alagappa Nagar; Kerala [[Lakshmi Mills]], Pullazhi; Cotton Mills, Nattika; Rajgopal Textiles, Athani; Kunnath Textiles and Vanaja Textiles in [[Kuriachira]]. Mainly hosiery products are manufactured in most of these mills. [[Thrissur]] is one of the leading producers of hosiery end products in Kerala. Popular as sewing threads, Vaiga is sold in every corner of the country. The first mill in Thrissur was the [[Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills]]. It was established in 1909 but was devastated by fire in 1953. However, it was soon reorganised and today it is one of the main textile plants of the area.

===Diamond industry===
Thrissur is known as the hub of diamond and gold jewellery production in [[South India]]. The majority of the units are located in Kapiparambu, Tholur, Adat, Choondal and Avanur in the [[Thrissur Metropolitan Area]]. There are around 75 units employing around 5,000 people. The diamond polishing work was brought to Kerala by P K Sankunni in 1964 from [[Mumbai]]. Because of higher wages and less encouragement from [[Kerala]] government, most of the traders are relocating to [[Surat]] in [[Gujarat]]. At the height of the business, there were 310 units and around 25,000 workers were involved in this business.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/11/18/stories/2004111801201700.htm
|title=Diamond units in Thrissur losing sheen
|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/thrissur-diamond-consortium-to-check-exodus-to-surat/130138/0
|title=Thrissur diamond consortium to check exodus to Surat
|publisher=The Financial Express
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref>

===Thrissur Pooram===
[[File:ThrissurPooram-Kuda.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Elephants in Kerala culture|formation]] of [[gold]]-caparisoned [[Asian elephant|elephant]]s at the Thrissur Pooram. [[Pooram]]s are [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Temple]]-centered festivals popular among both Keralites and tourists.]] According to estimates, around a million people around the world witness the annual [[Thrissur Pooram]]. The two main participants of the 36-hour festival, [[Thiruvambadi]] and [[Paramekkavu]] temples, spend about Rs 1.2 crore on the festival.<ref name="LiveMint.com">{{cite web
|url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/04/14014816/Festival-brings-business-to-Th.html
|title=Festival brings business to Thrissur's hotels, bars
|publisher=LiveMint.com
|access-date=2010-07-15}}</ref> Hotels and flats in the city give rooms and terraces for people to witness the festival on rent, charging Rs 750-1,000 per person. Liquor sales, too, see an increase during the festival. Sales through the various liquor shops and bars in the Thrissur city were worth around Rs 72 lakh on the [[Pooram]] day alone in 2008, according to officials of [[Kerala State Beverages (M&M) Corporation Ltd|Kerala State Beverages Corporation]], the government-owned liquor retailer in the state.<ref name="LiveMint.com"/>

===Real Estate and Construction===
{{See also|Housing in India}}
Real estate is one of the sunshine sectors of city of [[Thrissur]]'s economy. Land availability, image of a clean and green city, good law and order situation, presence of reputed educational institutions and tremendous scope for promoting the tourism industry are the pillars of Thrissur's real estate hopes. With [[Kochi]] becoming more and more congested day-by-day, in due course of time, the city of [[Thrissur]] is expected to see a spurt in the number of property buyers.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2007/05/14/stories/2007051401731900.htm
|title=First integrated township launched at Thrissur
|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/article1508159.ece
|title=Poised for further growth and success
|newspaper=The Hindu
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/article1504894.ece
|title=Changing skyline of Thrissur
|newspaper=The Hindu
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref>

Leading Kerala property developers like Asset Homes, Kalyan Developers, Hi-Life Builders, Southern Investments, Thrissur Builders, Cheloor Group, Vishraam, Elite Developers, Sowparnika Projects, Penta Homes, TBPL,
Sreeramajayam Builders, Jos Alukkas Group & Developers, Sanroyal Builders, Maya Realtors, Skyline Builders and [[Sobha Developers Ltd]] are the major players.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2128538.cms?prtpage=1
|title=Homing in-Property
|newspaper= The Economic Times
|access-date=2010-07-13
|date=2007-06-17}}</ref> According to the Kerala Real Estate Regulatory Authority, [[Thrissur]] recorded the third-highest number of new projects in 2023 and 2024, following [[Ernakulam]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]].
<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/k-rera-registrations-kerala-plot-projects-1.10018077
|title=Kerala witnesses rise in RERA registrations amid increasing construction activities ......
|newspaper=Mathrubhumi
|access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jan/19/realty-sector-thrives-in-kerala-ernakulam-leads-the-pack-2539129.html
|title=Realty sector thrives in Kerala, Ernakulam leads the pack
|newspaper=New Indian Express
|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref>

===Kuries===
[[Thrissur]] is also known for its Kuries or Chit companies. Around 2,000 such companies are located in Thrissur city, both government and private. These Kuri companies have played a major role in developing [[Thrissur]] city into an economic hub in [[South India]].

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Thrissur topics}}

[[Category:Economy of Thrissur| ]]

1987 Bihar flood

2026-03-10T21:42:49Z

MichalKohn: further expand layout after review and added references

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}

{{Infobox flood
|image location =
|image name =
|name = 1987 Bihar flood
|duration =
|total damages = 67,881.00 (crop) and 680.86 (public property) [[Lakh]] [[Indian rupee|INR]]
|total fatalities = 1,399 human and 5302 animals
|areas affected = [[Bihar]]
}}

The '''1987 Bihar flood''', caused by high levels of annual flooding of the [[Kosi River]] (nicknamed "the sorrow of Bihar"<ref>{{cite web
| last = Om Prakash Yadav
| title = Bihar's flood of furry: End of Kosi civilisation?
| publisher = iGovernment
| date = 29 August 2008
| url = http://www.igovernment.in/site/Bihars-flood-of-furry-End-of-Kosi-civilisation/
| accessdate = 12 December 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>), was one of the worst floods in [[Bihar]], India, in a decade caused by a landslide that blocked the main route of Bhote Kosi River. This resulted from chunks of earth falling into the river; thus, building a dam approximately 1 km in length. An enormous lake formed behind the dam causing the tragic flood that held between 28 and 32 lakh cusecs of water.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sharma|first1=Avinash|title=Kosi has been Bihar's sorrow: State's history proves it|url=http://www.oneindia.com/feature/kosi-has-been-bihar-s-sorrow-state-s-history-proves-it-1495721.html|website=oneindia|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref> 1399 people and 5302 animals lost their lives and nearly 29 million people were affected in 30 [[districts of Bihar|districts]], 382 [[Block (administrative division)|blocks]], 6,112 [[Panchayati Raj|panchayat]], and 24,518 villages. Government figures list damage to crops at an estimated 68 billion [[Indian rupee]]s and damage to public property at 68 million rupees.<ref>{{cite web
| title = History of Floods and Damages
| work = Flood Management Information System
| publisher = Government of Bihar, Disaster Management Department
| url = http://disastermgmt.bih.nic.in/Statitics/Statistics.htm
| accessdate = 12 December 2008
| archive-date = 19 October 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081019015932/http://disastermgmt.bih.nic.in/Statitics/Statistics.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
This particular flood is one of many floods that happen in Bihar, India. In fact, the state of Bihar has the most severe flooding as compared to other areas of the India.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sinha|first1=C. P.|title=Management of Flood in Bihar|journal=Economic & Political Weekly|date=Nov 15–21, 2008|volume=43|issue=46 |pages=40–42|jstor=40278179}}</ref> The Kosi River is to blame for this as it has a problematic history of flooding and changing its direction. Furthermore, this river is located at the northern part of the Bihar plains in eastern India and is an important tributary of the Ganga river system.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sinha |last2=Bapula |last3=Singh |last4=Rath |first1=R |first2=G.V. |first3=L.K. |first4=B |title=Flood Risk Analysis in the Kosi River Basin, North Bihar using Multi-Parametric Approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) |journal=Photonirvachak |date=December 2008 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=335–349 |doi=10.1007/s12524-008-0034-y |bibcode=2008JISRS..36..335S |s2cid=55366823 |url=http://www.gripweb.org/gripweb/sites/default/files/Flood%20Risk%20Analysis%20in%20the%20Kosi%20River%20Basin,%20North%20Bihar.pdf |accessdate=5 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006100022/http://www.gripweb.org/gripweb/sites/default/files/Flood%20Risk%20Analysis%20in%20the%20Kosi%20River%20Basin,%20North%20Bihar.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Floods in Bihar]]

==References and footnotes==
please find the link. The previous link is dead. The new link is here.
https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163023/http://www.igovernment.in/site/Bihars-flood-of-fury-End-of-Kosi-civilisation/
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Floods in Bihar]]
[[Category:1980s in Bihar]]
[[Category:1987 in India]]
[[Category:1987 floods]]

{{Flood-stub}}

Dipjol

2026-03-08T23:39:09Z

MichalKohn: refine layout for accuracy and improved wording

{{short description|Bangladeshi actor (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dipjol
| native_name = ডিপজল
| native_name_lang = bn
| other_names = Bishu
| image = Dipjol in 2024.png
| caption = Dipjol in 2024
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|04|06}}<ref name="birth">{{cite news |url=https://www.rtvonline.com/entertainment/172875/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2-(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93) |script-title=bn:মধ্যরাতে জন্মদিন পালন, আবেগাপ্লুত ডিপজল |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703044518/https://www.rtvonline.com/entertainment/172875/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2-(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93) |archive-date=3 July 2024 |work=[[RTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)|RTV]] |language=bn}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], [[Dhaka]], [[East Pakistan]]
| birth_name = Monowar Hossain Dipjol
| years_active = 1993–present
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (1991–2007) [[Bangladesh Awami League]] (2009–2024)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/awami-league/754606/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118001809/https://www.jugantor.com/politics/awami-league/754606/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |script-title=bn:নৌকার প্রচারণায় ডিপজল |work=[[Jugantor]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/i-want-run-election-want-help-fellow-countrymen-dipjol-3346831 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615043254/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/i-want-run-election-want-help-fellow-countrymen-dipjol-3346831 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |title=I want to run for election, want to help fellow countrymen: Dipjol |date=15 June 2023 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>
| spouse = Rumana Monowar
}}
'''Monowar Hossain Dipjol''' ({{langx|bn|মনোয়ার হোসেন ডিপজল}}; born 6 April 1962)<ref name="birth"/> known by his stage name as '''Dipjol''', is a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, producer, and activist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/news/the-bangladeshi-hero-political-compass-3116796 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |title=The Bangladeshi Hero Political Compass |date=11 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/dipjol-entertain-fans-kolkata-3202356 |title=Dipjol to entertain fans in Kolkata |date=22 December 2022 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> businessman,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/522271/bangla |title=Actor Dipjol hospitalised in Dubai |date=December 2020 |work=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-66777 |title=Dipjol held after 2yrs in hiding |date=12 December 2008 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> and politician.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/dipjol-begin-duties-bfaa-general-secretary-3620211 |title=Dipjol to begin duties as BFAA general secretary |date=27 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/nowadays-whoever-invests-money-ends-director-dipjol-650298 |title=Nowadays, whoever invests money ends up as director: Dipjol |date=15 June 2023 |work=[[The Business Standard]]}}</ref> He is the current general secretary of the [[Bangladesh Film Artistes Association]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/750326 |title=Dipjol gets back GS post |date=28 May 2024 |work=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/misha-new-president-dipjol-secretary-of-bangladesh-artistes-association-135860 |title=Misha new president, Dipjol secretary of Bangladesh Artistes' Association |work=Bangladesh Post |date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

Widely regarded as one of the greatest villains in [[Cinema of Bangladesh|Dhallywood]], he first started his career as a hero but was unsuccessful. Later, in the mid 1990's, he reemerged as a leading negative character in the film industry. His notable films as a negative character include ''Teji'', ''Dhar'', ''[[Ammajan (1999 film)|Ammajan]]'', ''[[Koshto (film)|Koshto]]'', ''[[Kukkhato Khuni]]'', ''Bortoman'', ''[[Dhakaiya Mastan]]'', ''Kothin Shimar'', ''Bhaier Shotru Bhai'', ''Major Shaheb, Swami Strir Juddho, Ali Baba, [[Bostir Rani Suriya]], [[Itihas (2002 film)|Itihas]]'', ''Bipodjonok, Mogher Mullok, Bhoyonker Bishu, Khepa Basu'' and ''Dhawa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/dipjol-advocates-discontinuing-government-funding-films-3592701 |title=Dipjol advocates for discontinuing government funding for films
|date=22 April 2024 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>''

== Career ==
Dipjol is a [[Dhallywood]] film actor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/popular-actor-protests-pathaans-bangladesh-release-claims-hindi-films-have-too-much-vulgar-scenes-and-songs/articleshow/98169886.cms |title=Popular actor protests 'Pathaan's Bangladesh release, claims 'Hindi films have too much vulgar scenes and songs' |newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 November 2010 |title=Dipjol surrenders |newspaper=[[bdnews24.com]] |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/dipjol-surrenders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029201800/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/dipjol-surrenders |archive-date=29 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 August 2013 |title=NIPUN Kolkata calling |newspaper=The Daily Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/nipun-kolkata-calling-2 |access-date=11 September 2016 |quote=[Nipun:] in 2006. Dipjol asked me to do a film with him.}}</ref> In the mid 2000's, he resurged his career as a lead hero with blockbuster high grossing films such as ''[[Koti Takar Kabin]]'', ''Chachchu'', ''Mayer Hate Behester, Chabi'' and ''[[Dadima]].''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/everybody-knows-nipun-because-me-dipjol-3611516 |title=Everybody knows Nipun because of me: Dipjol |date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> He also owns Dipjol Food Industries Limited.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 September 2007 |title=Saifur's son Naser gets 9yrs for extortion |newspaper=The Daily Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-4587 |access-date=11 September 2016 |quote=Dipjol, proprietor of Dipjol Food Industries Limited.}}</ref> He is best known for his style of dialogue and action. He was also [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] politician and ward [[councillor]] of [[Dhaka City Corporation]] ward No.9 in 1994 to 2007.<ref name="ds27Jul20072">{{cite news |date=27 July 2007 |title=Fugitive Dipjol gets 17 yrs in arms case |newspaper=The Daily Star |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/07/27/d7072701086.htm |access-date=11 September 2016 |quote=sentenced Dhaka City Corporation's pro-BNP ward commissioner and film actor Monwar Hossain Dipjol to 17 years' rigorous imprisonment for possessing illegal firearms and ammunition.}}</ref><ref name="dawn" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/others/429646/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613175317/https://www.jugantor.com/politics/others/429646/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |script-title=bn:নৌকার মনোনয়ন ফরম কিনতে গিয়ে খালি হাতে ফিরলেন ডিপজল |work=Jugantor |language=bn}}</ref>

He was sentenced to jail in 2007 on an arms charge.<ref name="ds27Jul20072" /><ref name="dawn" /> He was later convicted of numerous charges, including amassing and concealing illegal wealth, and was given a 41-year term.<ref name="ds6Feb2009">{{cite news |date=6 February 2009 |title=DIG-Prisons violated code, abused power |newspaper=The Daily Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-74774 |access-date=11 September 2016 |quote=Dipjol is sentenced for 41 years in connection with a plethora of crimes including possession of illegal arms, and amassment and concealment of illegal wealth.}}</ref> According to an investigation by a team of the Jail Directorate led by Commander M Zakaria Khan, Deputy Inspector General of Prisons [[Shamsul Haider Siddique]] was found guilty of violating 15 codes of the jail in February 2009.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Kailash |date=2009-02-07 |title=DIG-Prisons violated code, abused power |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-74774 |access-date=2023-02-06 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was found favoring convict [[Monowar Hossain Dipjol]] in prison and giving him special privileges, such as allowing 200 visitors for Dipjol in 52 days.<ref name=":0" /> He was released after securing his bail from the [[Bangladesh High Court]] on 1 June 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2009 |title=Actor Dipjol freed on bail |work=The Daily Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-90908 |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref>

In September 2017, he fell ill and, after being taken to hospital, was diagnosed as having had a heart attack and suffering from [[Pulmonary edema|water on the lungs]]. He underwent heart surgery at Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2017/09/24/dipjols-heart-surgery-monday/ |title=Dipjol's heart surgery on Monday |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/dipjol-flies-singapore-medical-checkup-3280326 |title=Dipjol flies to Singapore for medical checkup |date=25 March 2023}}</ref>

Along with his acting career, he was also successful in producing high budget films, many of which became blockbusters and high grossing films. This established him as a successful producer and engaged him in various organizations, businesses, wards, and other enterprises. He is also known for his involvement in various humanitarian work such as gifting buses for largest religious congestion in the country Bishwa Ijtema or giving huge sums of money during floods.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/bangladesh-cholochitro-shilpi-samiti-stands-beside-struggling-artistes-ramadan-1897264|title=Bangladesh Cholochitro Shilpi Samiti stands beside struggling artistes this Ramadan |date=27 April 2020 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>

On 28 January 2022, Dipjol became a vice-president of the [[Bangladesh Film Artistes Association]] after bagging 219 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-29 |title=Ilias Kanchan elected President, Zayed Khan General Secretary. |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/ilias-kanchan-elected-president-zayed-khan-general-secretary-2949676 |access-date=2022-01-29 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> In April 2024, Dipjol was elected General secretary of this association.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/744312 |title=Misha elected president, Dipjol secretary of Artistes' Association |date=April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/misha-sawdagar-elected-new-president-dipjol-general-secretary-artistes-association-3591126 |title=Misha Sawdagar elected new president, Dipjol general secretary of Artistes' Association |date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Year !! Film !! Role
!Notes
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1987 || ''Soti Komola'' ||
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1993 || ''Takar Pahar'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |1995 ||''Kata Rifle'' ||Jummon
|Also producer
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |1998 ||''Teji'' || Bishu
|Also story writer
|
|-
|rowspan="5" |1999 ||''Moger Mulluk'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Ammajan (1999 film)|Ammajan]]'' ||Kalam
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Bhoyonkor Bishu]]'' ||Bishu
|Also producer
|
|-
|''[[Ke Amar Baba]]'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
|''[[Dhor]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|rowspan="15" |2000 |||''[[Kukkhato Khuni]]'' ||Torofdar
|
|
|-
|''[[Golam (film)|Golam]]'' || Tiger
|
|
|-
|''[[Koshto (film)|Koshto]]'' ||Sonamia
|
|
|-
|''[[Hira Chuni Panna]]''||Moharani / Dragon Aslam
|
|
|-
|''[[Ajker Kedar]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Dhawa (film)|Dhawa]]'' || Pagla Matin
|
|
|-
|''[[Bortoman]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Dushmon Dorodi]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Janer Jaan]]'' ||
|
|
|-
| ''[[Gunda Number One]]'' || Police Officer Mokarram
|
|
|-
|''[[Tero Panda Ek Gunda]]'' ||
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Jinda Dafon]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Sabdhan]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Tumi Je Amar (2000 film)|Tumi Je Amar]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Londo Vondo]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|rowspan="10" |2001 ||''[[Shikari (2001 film)|Shikari]]'' ||Dayaban
|
|
|-
|''[[Kothin Bastob]]'' || Bokkor
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhoyonkor Sontrashi]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Thekao Mastan]]'' ||Dipu Sardar
|
|
|-
|''[[Chairman (2001 film)|Chairman]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Kata Lash]]'' ||
|
|
|-Male Antagonist
|''[[Kothin Shasti]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Panja (film)|Panja]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Gono Dushmon]]'' ||
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Kodom Ali Mastan]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|rowspan="9" |2002 |||''[[Boma Hamla]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Nayok (2002 film)|Nayok]]'' ||
|
|
|-Male Antagonist
|''[[Khepa Basu]]'' ||Basu
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhoyonkor Porinam]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Dhakaiya Mastan]]'' ||Billal Mishouri
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Bipodjonok]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Major Shaheb (2002 film)|Major Shaheb]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Itihas (2002 film)|Itihas]]'' ||Sobhan
|
|
|-
|''[[Dolopoti]]'' ||
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2003 ||''[[Mon (2003 film)|Mon]]'' || Doyal Dada
|
|
|-
|''[[Kothin Shimar]]'' ||Akram
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''Nater Guru'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Bouer Somman]]'' ||Dhakaiya Mamun
|
|
|-
|''[[Chai Khomota]]'' ||
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004 ||''[[Boro Malik]]'' ||
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Bostir Rani Suriya]]''
|
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Bhaier Shotru Bhai (2004 film)|Bhaier Shotru Bhai]]'' ||Bitla Bishu / Bishal Chowdhury
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005 ||''[[Kala Manik]]'' ||Kala Manik
|
|
|-
| ''[[Badha (2005 film)|Badha]]'' ||Abbas
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2006 || |''[[Vondo Ojha]]'' ||Dengue Ojha
|
|
|-
|''[[Koti Takar Kabin]]'' ||Sultan Talukder
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''Pitar Ason'' ||
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Chachchu]]'' || Raja Mia / Chachchu
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Dadima]]'' || Sultan Khan
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009 ||''[[Lattu Koshai]]''||
|
|
|-
|''[[Mayer Hate Behester Chabi]]'' || Lakhpoti
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Kajer Manush]]'' || Kaju / Kajer Manush
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2010 ||''[[Mayer Chokh]]'' || Jibon
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Amar Swapno Amar Songshar]]'' || Sultan
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''Zamidar''||Murad
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Rickshawalar Chele]]'' || Rustom
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Ek Joban]]'' || Sultan
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2011 ||''[[Chotto Songsar]]'' ||Sultan
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Goriber Bhai]]'' ||
|
|
|-
|''[[Amar Prithibi Tumi]]'' ||Sultan
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ongko]]'' ||Sultan
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2012 ||''[[Swami Bhaggo]]'' || Sultan
|
|
|-
|''[[Manik Ratan Dui Bhai]]'' ||Manik
|Also story writer and producer
|
|-
|''[[Bazarer Coolie]]'' ||
|Also story writer
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |2016 ||''[[Onek Dame Kena]]'' ||Imrose Mirza
|
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |2017 ||''[[Dulavai Zindabad|Dulabhai Zindabad]]'' ||Sultan / Dulabhai
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2021 ||''[[Souvaggo]]'' ||Souvaggo
|Also producer
|
|-
||''[[E Desh Tomar Amar]]'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
||''[[Banglar Hercules]]'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
||''[[Jemon Jamai Temon Bou]]'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
||''[[Ghar Bhanga Songshar]]'' ||Sultan
|Also producer
|
|-
|''[[Aakrosh (2022 film)|Aakrosh]]'' ||
|Also producer
|
|-
|2023
|[[Something Like an Autobiography (film)|''Something Like an Autobiography'']]
|Himself
|Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title='Something Like an Autobiography': Chorki's 'Ministry of Love' premieres with Farooki's acting debut |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/723952 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024||''Omanush Holo Manush'' ||Abul
|Also producer
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title='Amanush Holo Manush' on 23 August |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/762467 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Jimmi'' ||
|Also producer and director
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=jagonews24.com |title=নিজ বাড়িতে 'জিম্মি' দিয়ে বছর শুরু করলেন ডিপজল |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/entertainment/news/728252 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102075251/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/entertainment/news/728252 |archive-date=2022-01-02 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=jagonews24.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=এবার ডিপজল আনছেন 'জিম্মি' |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2024/09/22/1427633 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.kalerkantho.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=প্রচারণা ছাড়াই মুক্তি পেল 'জিম্মি' |url=https://www.ajkerpatrika.com/epaper/ajpg8tckvaero |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.ajkerpatrika.com |language=bn}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!OTT
!Character
!Director
!Notes
|-
|2023
|''Kabadi''
|Bioscope
|Mathakata Roton
|Rubayet Mahmud
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/dipjol-set-make-ott-debut-bioscopes-kabadi-565098 |title=Dipjol set to make OTT debut with Bioscope's Kabadi |work=The Business Standard |date=9 January 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Personal life ==
Dipjol is married to Rumana Monowar.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |date=19 October 2007 |title=200 BD politicians, others jailed on corruption charges |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/271809/200-bd-politicians-others-jailed-on-corruption-charges |newspaper=Dawn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041611/http://www.dawn.com/news/271809/200-bd-politicians-others-jailed-on-corruption-charges |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |quote=Dhaka city ward commissioner and BNP leader Monawar Hossain Dipjol, also an actor, was jailed for 17 years.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dipjol, wife get 7yrs in arms case |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-915 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=20 August 2007 |access-date=11 September 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5042539}}
* {{Facebook|dipjol1962}}
* [http://www.bmdb.com.bd/person/612/ Dipjol] on Bangla Movie Database

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male film actors]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi film producers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi businesspeople]]
[[Category:Politicians from Dhaka]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Dhaka]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi male actors]]

Uma (2018 film)

2026-03-04T00:36:37Z

MichalKohn: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Uma
| image = Official Theatrical Release Poster of 2018 film Uma.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] [[Mahendra Soni]]
| writer = [[Srijit Mukherjee]]
| starring = {{ubl|
| [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
| Sara Sengupta
| [[Anjan Dutt]]
| [[Srabanti Chatterjee]]
| [[Sayantika Banerjee]]
| [[Rudranil Ghosh]]
| [[Babul Supriyo]]
| [[Anirban Bhattacharya]]}}
| music = [[Anupam Roy]]
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Pronoy Dasgupta]]
| production_companies = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|6|1|df=y|India}}
| runtime =
| screenplay = [[Srijit Mukherjee]]
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget = ₹1.8 crore{{Cn|date=February 2026}}
| gross = ₹3.6 crore{{Cn|date=February 2026}}
}}

'''''Uma''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]],<ref name="true story">{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/uma-is-based-on-a-true-story-srijit-mukherji/articleshow/62759143.cms| title=Uma is based on a true story: Srijit Mukherji |first=Shreyanka|last=Mazumdar|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 February 2018|date=3 February 2018}}</ref> under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF Entertainment Pvt Ltd]], starring [[Sara Sengupta]] in the title role, and [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Anjan Dutt]], and [[Anirban Bhattacharya]].<ref name = "Tolly films">{{cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=1 January 2018 |title=Tolly films to look out for this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tolly-films-to-look-out-for-this-year/articleshow/62325473.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 February 2018}}</ref> in lead roles. The movie was released on 1 June 2018.<ref name="ET00063261">{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/uma/ET00063261?fbrefresh=1|title=Uma Movie (2018) | Reviews, Cast & Release Date in|website=BookMyShow}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{Long plot|section|date=October 2023}}
In the film, a young girl, Uma living in [[Zürich|Zurich]], [[Switzerland]], is fighting for her life due to a [[terminal disease]]. While she went on to visit a doctor, he reveals that she has hardly two months to live. Himadri is shattered after hearing this and She wants to see [[Durga Puja]] of [[Kolkata]], the biggest celebrated festival in Bengali culture. Himadri had earlier promised Uma that he will take her to Kolkata but failed because of his busy work schedule. Himadri takes her to Kolkata to fulfil her dream by planning to set up a fake Durga Puja with the help of some movie makers Gobindo find a director called Brahmananda Chakraborty. The failed director sees this as his opportunity to create a masterpiece, by helping a dying girl. The director at first did not agree to the proposal of the father. Later after remembering his past and how he could not make his son's life a beautiful one, in the past it shows he was not a successful director as many of his movies failed to make a mark following which his wife and son separated from him, the director goes to the residency of Himadri and gives a proposal to creating the Durga Puja after a brief talk. [[Jisshu Sengupta]] agrees with the proposal and the director goes on to create a false set of Durga Puja. During this, they face many problems to make Uma's dream true. Mohitosh Sur resident of that society call it a mockery of the festival but the society members rebuff him, meanwhile the crew is facing problem that with whom Uma will live, Brahmananda tells that Uma will live with her mother, it is seen in flashback because of Himadri busy schedule Menoka was having [[Affair|extra-marital affair]] with a man named Indra a Govt Officer, after Himadri found out he divorced Menoka forcing her to leave everything including Uma who was then two years old, because as per Himadri, she cannot take the child back because of having affair after marriage as per the law, after learning about it, they finally audition for girls who will play for Uma's mother, after much failed attempts they finally find a suitable women named Marium. Meanwhile, Mohitosh tries all attempts to stop the fake festival by reaching the police but fails, he even threatens file a case in court but Gobindo bribes the lawyer brought by Mohitosh turning the tables, meanwhile Himadri bring Uma from Zürich after landing in [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], he find that electricity department has denied permission and the officer personally wants to meet Himadri, the officer is none other Indra, after a small argument Himadri leaves not long punching him in the nose, just he did when Menoka left with him, as he leaves with Uma for the pandal the decoration lights are switched on, Himadri receives a message from Indra learning about his side of story, it turned out Indra did not knew that Menoka was already married, and he had no intention to destroy anyone married life, as they reach Uma receives a grand welcome from everyone. Uma finally meets her mother (who is in reality an actress) after a long time. Meanwhile, Mohitosh after failed legal attempts, threatens Himadri with illegal way by calling a local Bihari goon, who points gun on Himadri to shoot him, but suddenly Uma come near that Bihari goon begging to leaving him, seeing Uma, the Bihari goon remembers his past, it turned out his father was killed in same way in front of his eyes when he was a kid, feeling mercy he lets go Himadri, instead he threantens Mohitosh to stay away from them. Days pass and puja celebration goes swiftly, on one night Indra comes to visit Himadri, where he tells someone is waiting for him in the car, the person is none other than Menoka who looks like is now married to Indra, on asking about Uma, he points her towards Maruim, and says even being her fake mom she is doing what a real mother need to do, eventually he leaves her, as Himadri leaves for Uma and Marium, Menoka cant do nothing but cry realizing her mistakes done in the past, Meanwhile, Mohitosh also learns about the reason behind the fake durga puja, and he decides he will do whatever he takes to fulfill Uma last wish.

As the day of [[Dashami]] (last day of Durga Puja) arrives the crew find out that there are no junior artists, everyone including Mohitosh try their best, he even pay visit to that Bihari goon house requesting help, as the crew slowly losses hope, but not shortly the Bihari goon arrives with the required crowd needed for Durga Visarjan. Uma also arrives and celebrate, but for surprise for Brahmananda his wife and son come there to celebrate with him, as they all dance and celebrate Uma suddenly faints, in later scene we see everyone including Mahitosh, the Bihari goon and Brahmananada family bid farewell to Uma as everyone is feeling emotional as it might be the last time they will be seeing Uma. As they proceed towards airport, Himadri shows an old photograph of his and Uma actual mother, it turned out Uma in real already knew that Maaium is not her actual mother, she eventually apologizes. Himadri does nothing but cry. Few days later Marium is now living with Uma and Himadri, as doctor has approved for carrying out operation on Uma, she mails to Himadri family members about each and every experience she witnessed till now and also pray for Uma speedy recovery.

The plot is based on true events surrounding the life and death of Evan Leversage, who lived in [[County of Brant|St George]] in [[Ontario]], Canada.<ref name="true story"/><ref>{{cite news |author=Liam Casey |title=Evan Leversage's mom heading to India for movie inspired by his last Christmas |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/article/evan-leversages-mom-heading-to-india-for-movie-inspired-by-his-last-christmas/ |newspaper=[[CTV News]] |location=[[Canada]] |date=9 April 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 }}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* Sara Sengupta<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Uma<ref name="daughter">{{cite news|author=|date=7 May 2018|title=Jisshu Sengupta's younger daughter Zara plays little Uma in Srijit Mukherji's next|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jisshu-senguptas-younger-daughter-zara-plays-little-uma-in-srijit-mukherjis-next/articleshow/64060935.cms|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Jisshu Sengupta]]<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Himadri Sen
* [[Anjan Dutt]]<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Brahmananda
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]]<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Mariyam (Acting as Menoka, the mother of Uma)
* [[Sayantika Banerjee]]<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Menoka (Real mother of Uma)
* [[Rudranil Ghosh]]<ref name = "Tolly films"/> as Gobindo
* [[Anirban Bhattacharya]]<ref>{{cite news |author= |title= Mahesh Bhatt is all praise for 'Uma'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/mahesh-bhatt-is-all-praise-for-uma/articleshow/64025845.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 }}</ref> as Mohitosh Sur
* [[Babul Supriyo]] as Mahesh <ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Uma's poster will be revealed tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/umas-poster-will-be-revealed-tomorrow/articleshow/63580003.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 April 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] as Medha
* [[Sujan Mukhopadhyay]] as Barun
* Nibedita Mukherjee as Meera
* [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]]
* Sayantani Guhathakurta
* Beas Dhar
* [[Srijit Mukherjee]] as Indra <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/i-am-completely-in-love-with-jaya-ahsan-sayantani-guhathakurta/articleshow/64476852.cms|title=I am completely in love with Jaya Ahsan: Sayantani Guhathakurta |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-04-13}}</ref>
}}

===Special appearance===
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]
* [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]]
* [[Nusrat Jahan]]
* [[Mimi Chakraborty]]
* [[Mir Afsar Ali]]
* [[Arindam Sil]]
* [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]]
* [[Raj Chakraborty]]
* [[Manoj Mitra]]
}}

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Uma
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anupam Roy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 21 May 2018
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 27:18
| language = Bengali
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| producer =
| chronology = Anupam Roy
| prev_title = [[Drishtikone]]
| prev_year = 2018
| year = 2018
| next_title = [[Shah Jahan Regency]]
| next_year = 2019
}}

The music and lyrics of the film are composed by [[Anupam Roy]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Shreyanka Mazumdar |title=Aaloshyo from Uma is an unforgettable emotional song |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aaloshyo-from-uma-is-an-unforgettable-emotional-song/articleshow/64156175.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 May 2018 |access-date=16 May 2018 }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=27|s=18}}

| title1 = Hariye Jawar Gaan<ref name="Neel">{{cite news |author= |title='Uma' first song: Anupam Roy will melt your heart with 'Hariye Jawar Gaan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/uma-first-song-anupam-roy-will-melt-your-heart-with-hariye-jawar-gaan/articleshow/64027081.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 }}</ref>
| extra1 = Anupam Roy
| length1 = 03:49 <ref>{{YouTube|id=9s7_dnARi6o}}</ref>

| title2 = Aaloshyo
| extra2 = [[Surangana Bandyopadhyay]]
| length2 = 05:17 <ref>{{YouTube|id=tgECLCCGT_M}}</ref>

| title3 = Jaago Uma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/srijits-film-uma-hits-the-right-notes-with-the-song-jaago-uma/articleshow/63881088.cms|title=Srijit's film Uma hits the right notes with the song 'Jaago Uma' |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| extra3 = [[Rupankar Bagchi]]
| length3 = 05:17 <ref>{{YouTube|id=OWhOsOHQjY0}}</ref>

| title4 = Ure Jaak
| extra4 = Anupam Roy
| length4 = 04:28

| title5 = Esho Bondhu (Male)
| extra5 = Sidhu (Siddhartha Ray) & Pota (Abhijit Barman)<ref>{{cite news |author= |title='Uma' new song: Latest track 'Esho Bondhu' reunites two old friends Sidhu and Pota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/uma-new-song-latest-track-esho-bondhu-reunites-two-old-friends-sidhu-and-pota/articleshow/64171523.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 May 2018 |access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref>
| length5 = 04:10 <ref name="YouTube|id=zAImcTCkhTU">{{YouTube|id=zAImcTCkhTU}}</ref>

| title6 = Esho Bondhu (Female)
| extra6 = [[Ujjaini Mukherjee]] [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]]
| length6 = 04:12 <ref name="YouTube|id=zAImcTCkhTU"/>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|8033428}}

{{Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uma 2018 Film}}
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2018 drama films]]
[[Category:Durga Puja in popular culture]]

Udgharsha

2026-03-03T21:36:10Z

MichalKohn: fixes

{{Short description|2019 film directed by Sunil Kumar Desai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Udgharsha
| image = Udgharsha.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Sunil Kumar Desai]]
| producer = Devaraj D.
| writer = Sunil Kumar Desai
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] [[Sai Dhanshika|Dhansika]] [[Tanya Hope]] [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] [[Shraddha Das]] [[Harshika Poonacha]]
| editing = B S Kemparaju
| music = [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]]
| studio = D Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|03|22}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| gross =
}}

'''''Udgharsha''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Kannada]]- language [[action thriller film]], written and directed by [[Sunil Kumar Desai]]. The film is produced by Devaraj under the banner D Creations and is touted to be a suspense thriller.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/i-am-back-sunil-kumar-desai/articleshow/65520407.cms|title=I am back: Sunil Kumar Desai|publisher=}}</ref> The film stars [[Thakur Anoop Singh]], [[Sai Dhanshika]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhansika-looking-forward-sandalwood-debut-udgharsha-director-sunil-kumar-desai-64048|title=Dhansika looking forward to Sandalwood debut with 'Udgharsha' by director Sunil Kumar Desai|date=22 June 2017|publisher=|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828102414/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhansika-looking-forward-sandalwood-debut-udgharsha-director-sunil-kumar-desai-64048|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]],
[[Tanya Hope]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/feb/06/tanya-hope-on-board-for-darshans-51st-film-4374.html|title=Tanya Hope bags Darshan's 51st film|website=[[Cinema Express]]|publisher=|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829072105/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/feb/06/tanya-hope-on-board-for-darshans-51st-film-4374.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kabir Duhan Singh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100417/kabir-duhan-singhs-next-a-bilingual.html|title=Kabir Duhan Singh's next, a bilingual|date=10 April 2017|publisher=|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828072746/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100417/kabir-duhan-singhs-next-a-bilingual.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/udgharsha-poster-is-designed-to-grab-eyeballs-says-director-sunil-kumar-desai/323156.html|title=ಕುತೂಹಲ ಮೂಡಿಸಿದೆ ಸುನೀಲ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ದೇಸಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನದ 'ಉದ್ಘರ್ಷ' ಚಿತ್ರದ ಪೋಸ್ಟರ್!|publisher=The New Indian Express|language=kn|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829115844/http://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/udgharsha-poster-is-designed-to-grab-eyeballs-says-director-sunil-kumar-desai/323156.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Shraddha Das]] and [[Harshika Poonacha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090517/baddie-turns-hero.html|title=Baddie turns hero|date=9 May 2017|publisher=|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828074758/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/090517/baddie-turns-hero.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was also dubbed in Telugu and Malayalam with the same title and in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] language as ''Uchakattam''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sunil-kumar-desai-aims-to-evoke-intrigue-with-first-look-of-udgharsha/articleshow/65541503.cms |title=Sunil Kumar Desai aims to evoke intrigue with first look of Udgharsha |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher= |last1=Joy |first1=Prathibha |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915114717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sunil-kumar-desai-aims-to-evoke-intrigue-with-first-look-of-udgharsha/articleshow/65541503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
Rashmi pays the price for capturing an incident on her mobile phone at a resort, where she had gone along with her boyfriend, Aditya. A gang leader, Dharmendra, tries to kill her and destroy the evidence. Rashmi hides herself in a car, which then happens to travel to Madikeri. Aditya, in order to follow her, has no option but to take the help of a passerby, Karishma, who ends up in the woods, and a cat-and-mouse game begins.

In parallel, Vijay Menon and his secretary Krithika went on vacation. Dharmendra assigns Krithika to kill Vijay. What happens to Rashmi, Aditya and Karishma and the reality behind the murder assigned to Krithika forms the crux of Udgharsha.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as Adhitya
* [[Sai Dhanshika|Dhansika]] as Rashmi
* [[Tanya Hope]] as Karishma
* [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as Dharmendra
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Vijay Menon
* [[Shraddha Das]] as Krithika
* [[Harshika Poonacha]]
* [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]]
* Sravan Raghavendra
* [[Vamsi Krishna]]
* Manjunath D.
* Gym Ravi
* Manjunath Jambe
}}

== Production ==
In an interview with [[New Indian Express]], the director said that Udgharsha is unique as it "has only 20 minutes of dialogue, the rest of the film will contain shots, music and effects".<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/aug/28/udgharsha-poster-is-designed-to-grab-eyeballs-says-director-sunil-kumar-desai-1863606.html|title=Udgharsha poster is designed to grab eyeballs, says director Sunil Kumar Desai|website=New India Times|publisher=}}</ref> Bollywood music director [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]] who is considered to be a specialist in background music has scored the music for the film.<ref name="newindianexpress.com" /> The first look of the film was released on social media and has generated a lot of interest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gossip/udgarsha-first-look/articleshow/65549680.cms|title=ರಕ್ತಸಿಕ್ತ ಕಾಲುಗಳ ಉದ್ಘರ್ಷ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಲುಕ್; ಯಾರದು ಆ ಕಾಲುಗಳು? - Vijaykarnataka|date=27 August 2018|publisher=Indiatimes.com|language=kn|last=Karnataka|first=Vijaya|website=Vijaya Karnataka|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071354/https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gossip/udgarsha-first-look/articleshow/65549680.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The majority of the film has been shot in Kodagu.<ref name="indiatimes.com" </>

== Critical reception ==
Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated the film 4/5 and wrote, "With his brilliant way of narrating a murder mystery, Desai keeps the audience highly engaged for all 130 minutes of the movie."<ref>{{cite news |title=The master of suspense is back |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-master-of-suspense-is-back-724571.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=22 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S. of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave it 3/5 stars and wrote, "If you are adult enough to stomach some violence and game for something unusual, ''Udgharsha'' is the film for you."<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. |first1=Shyam Prasad |title=Udgharsha movie review: Sunil Kumar Desai's flim is a suspense thriller with an overdose of action |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/udgharsha-movie-review-sunil-kumar-desais-flim-is-a-suspense-thriller-with-an-overdose-of-action/articleshow/68525776.cms |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=22 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "There is action galore in ''Udgharsha'', but it would seem that it is a tad too much. The narrative also lags at times and could have been maintained tight to keep audiences intrigued. The sheer number of antagonists in the film make for an interesting watch, though."<ref>{{cite news |title=Udgharsha Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/udgharsha/movie-review/68520640.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 March 2019 |archive-date=29 April 2019 |access-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429103019/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/udgharsha/movie-review/68520640.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave it 3/5 stars and wrote, "With competent performances from almost all the actors, ''Udgharsha'' is an engrossing whodunnit that surely qualifies for a one-time watch."<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Udgharsha Review: An engrossing whodunnit |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/Mar/22/udgharsha-review-an-engrossing-whodunnit-10678.html |work=Cinema Express |date=22 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Aravind Shwetha of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "The script translates effectively to the big screen - and although there are a few forgivable glitches, the style of storytelling is riveting, thanks to the non-linear narrative."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shwetha |first1=Aravind |title='Udgharsha' review: Anoop Singh-Sai Dhansika are great in this riveting thriller |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/udgharsha-review-anoop-singh-sai-dhansika-are-great-riveting-thriller-98780 |work=The News Minute |date=22 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2024 |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301035813/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/udgharsha-review-anoop-singh-sai-dhansika-are-great-riveting-thriller-98780 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "Unlike Sunil Kumar Desai's previous venture, this one fails on the crucial factor, which is the suspense. [...] Watch this if you are in bad mood as it may help you ‘beat’ the frustrations."<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. M. |first1=Shashiprasad |title=Udgarsha movie review: -'Gymâ€™ bodiesâ€™ fight club |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230319/udgarsha-movie-review-gym-bodies-fight-club.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520101311/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230319/udgarsha-movie-review-gym-bodies-fight-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14773358}}

{{Sunil Kumar Desai}}

[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sunil Kumar Desai]]

Agni Varsha

2026-03-03T05:24:37Z

MichalKohn: updated structure based on references and corrected details

{{short description|2002 film directed by Arjun Sajnani}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Agnivarsha: The Fire and the Rain
| image = Agni_Varsha.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Arjun Sajnani
| producer = Kashish Bhatnagar
| writer = [[Girish Karnad]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist |
* [[Anil Mehta]]
* Arjun Sajnani
* [[Jayshree T.]]
}}
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|''The Fire and the Rain''|Girish Karnad}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{Plainlist |
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
* [[Jackie Shroff]]
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
* [[Raveena Tandon]]
* [[Milind Soman]]
* [[Prabhu Deva]]
}}
| music = {{Plainlist |
* [[Sandesh Shandilya]]
* [[Taufiq Qureshi]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Anil Mehta]]
| editing = Jabeen Merchant
| studio = iDream Production
| distributor = [[Sony Pictures Networks|SPE Films India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood gears up for mission India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2002|access-date=14 January 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hollywood-gears-up-for-mission-india/articleshow/14700289.cms}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2002|8|30}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Agni Varsha''''' is a 2002 Indian [[period drama film]] produced by Kashish Bhatnagar under the iDream Production banner and directed by Arjun Sajnani. It stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Raveena Tandon]], [[Milind Soman]], and [[Prabhu Deva]], with music composed by [[Sandesh Shandilya]] and [[Taufiq Qureshi]]. The film is a silver screen adaptation of [[Girish Karnad]]'s ''[[Mahabharat]]'' play ''The Fire and The Rain''. The film's art direction was handled by [[Shashidhar Adapa]] and Choreography was handled by [[Prabhu Deva]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308200740/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/11553/index.html Review] ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.learnreligions.com/agnivarsha-the-fire-and-the-rain-4015998|title=Agnivarsha: A Tale from the Age of the Mahabharata|author=Subhamoy Das Subhamoy |website=Learn Religions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/348-indiaarchiverest/64239.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022335/http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/348-indiaarchiverest/64239.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2011|title=Panned at home~ Agnivarsha gets rave reviews in US – India|date=17 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/movies/Agni-Varsha/summary-9165.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923131812/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/movies/Agni-Varsha/summary-9165.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2010|title=Agni Varsha – Movie Review, Trailers, Photos, Agni Varsha Videos – Yahoo! India Movies|date=23 September 2010}}</ref>

==Plot==
In a kingdom stricken with drought for many years, Aravasu, a young Brahman, falls in love with Nittilai, a tribal girl, who seeks approval from her father and the village's elders before marrying him. Aravasu's brother, Paravasu, has been conducting a major fire sacrifice, the "yajna" ceremony, for seven years to appease the god of rain, Devraj Indra. Aravasu and Paravasu's father, Raibhya, dislike both his sons and suspect Vishaka, who is Paravasu's wife, of having an affair with Yavakri. Raibhya bases this on the fact that Yavakri and Vishaka loved each other before Yavakri left the village for 10 years to worship Devraj Indra in the jungle so that he could attain Brahma Jnana (supreme divine powers). After his return, Yavakri again tries pursuing Vishakha regularly on her way to and from the water well. She, at first, refuses him as she is married, but ultimately gives in, and they start having forbidden sex in the caves and the woods. One day, Nittilai and Aravasu see a full-water vessel, which Aravasu recognizes as being Vishaka's. Nittilai then sees both Vishaka and Yavakri making love in a cave. Nittilai first tries to run and take Aravasu with her, but she then frankly mentions it to Aravasu when he sees the naked Vishaka. This frankness is detested and angers Yavakri, who in turn angrily tells Nittilai that she is cursed and will die within a month. This scares Nittilai but angers Aravasu.

Upon reaching home, on being accused of adultery by Raibhya, Vishakha enraged tells him that she was with Yavakri. An enraged Raibhya summons a dark force, Brahma Rakshas to kill Yavakri.
He also declares that Yavakri can save himself if he enters the ashram of his father, this shall declare him as a coward. Yavakri, wanting to prove his strength waits for the demon to arrive. Vishakha warns him and tells him to flee to his father's ashram, which would allow both him and Raibhya to live; otherwise, if Yavakri defeats the Brahma Rakshas, Raibhya would have to immolate himself. But Yavakri refuses to be defensive and a dispute of distrust erupts between Yavakri and Vishakha, leading to an act of defiance by Vishakha. The demon slays Yavakri as he now runs to seek refuge in his father's ashram. Vishakha pleads Aravasu to cremate him; this delays his appointment with Nittilai's father and her village elders, and, as a result, she is forced to marry a fellow tribesman.

Parvasu sneaks in the night to meet Vishakha. Vishakha confesses everything and begs him to kill her, but Paravasu raises the arrow and shoots at his father. On his way back to yajna site, he is met by the demon, who calls him brother and as a cursed soul seeks salvation at his hands, but Paravasu rudely ignores him. The next day when Aravasu comes to the yajna site after cremating his father Paravasu blames Aravasu for the slaying and has him badly beaten up. When Nittilai hears of this, she comes to the rescue of Aravasu and finds that she is being hunted by her husband and her brother, who will kill her on sight for dishonoring the tribe's customs.

Sutradhar arranges an act to entertain the Devas and chooses Aravasu an important role. During the act, under the influence of bhang, Aravasu goes berserk, destroying the ''havan'' and throwing the offerings to the starved locals. Nittilai, in an attempt to stop Aravasu, exposes herself and is killed by her husband; Paravasu admits failure, confessing to murdered his father and cremates himself in the yajna's pyre. Finally appeased, Devraj Indra appears, and Aravasu is allowed a wish of his choice. Brahma Rakshas comes and begs him to set his soul free while Aravasu himself wants Nittilai back to live. Indra tells him that to bring back Nittilai he will have to turn the time back and to set the demon's soul free he will have to turn the time wheel forward. Aravasu, with teary eyes, asks Indra to set the Demon's soul free, which is followed by rain.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as [[Indra|Devraj Indra]]
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Paravasu
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as Yavagiri
* [[Raveena Tandon]] as Vishakha
* [[Milind Soman]] as Arvasu
* [[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Nittilai
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Rakshasa
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as Raibhya
* Kumar Iyengar as Senior Courtier
* [[Raghuvir Yadav]] as Actor Manager (Sutradhar)
* Nikita Athena Rajwade (child actor)
* Amog (child actor)
* [[Deepti Bhatnagar]] as [[item number]] ''Anchal Ki Chhaya''
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Agni Varsha
| type = film
| artist = [[Sandesh Shandilya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2002
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 25:07
| label = [[Universal Music India]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]
| prev_year = 2001
| next_title = [[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]
| next_year = 2003
}}
The music is composed by [[Sandesh Shandilya]]. The lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]]. The music is released on [[Universal Music India]].
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:07
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =

| title1 = Anchal Ki Chhaya
| extra1 = [[Pamela Jain]]
| length1 = 5:34

| title2 = Chal Re Sajan
| extra2 = [[Jaspinder Narula]]
| length2 = 5:10

| title3 = Din Andhiyaare
| extra3 = [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Ustad Sultan Khan]]
| length3 = 4:12

| title4 = Man Mora Dole Re
| extra4 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[KK (singer)|KK]]
| length4 = 5:09

| title5 = Prem Ki Varsha
| extra5 = [[Alka Yagnik]]
| length5 = 5:02
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0326722|Agnivarsha: The Fire and the Rain}}
* {{mojo title |id=agnivarsha |title=Agnivarsha – The Fire and the Rain}}

{{Works based on the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films about religion]]
[[Category:2002 fantasy films]]

George Alexander Muthoot

2026-02-25T16:16:03Z

MichalKohn: add structure for clarity and improved wording

{{short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Indian patronymic|Alexander Muthoot|George}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = George Alexander Muthoot
| image = George Alexander Muthoot.png
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|09|16}}
| birth_place = [[Kozhencherry]], [[Travancore–Cochin|State of Travancore–Cochin]] (present day [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]], [[Kerala]]), India
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry]]|[[The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]}}
| education = [[Chartered Accountant]]
| occupation = Managing Director of [[Muthoot Group]]
| spouse = Anna Alexander
| children = 2
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|[[M. George Muthoot]]|Ammini George Muthoot}}
| relatives = {{Unbulleted_list|[[M. G. George Muthoot]] (Brother)|[[Muthoot Family]]}}
}}

'''George Alexander Muthoot''' (born 16 September 1955) is an Indian entrepreneur and businessman who is currently the managing director of the [[Muthoot Group]], a business conglomerate in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=George Muthoot Alexander|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/tags/george-muthoot-alexander.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

==Personal life==
G. Alexander Muthoot was born to [[M George Muthoot]] and Ammini George Muthoot on 16 September 1955 in [[Kozhencherry]], a small town in [[Kerala]]. [[M. George Muthoot]] managed the family business of [[Chit fund]]s in Kozhencherry. He did his Bachelors in Commerce from [[St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry]] ([[University of Kerala]]), and was awarded a gold medal for obtaining the first rank in the state for the degree. He is also a [[Chartered Accountant]] certified by the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India|ICAI]], and secured All India Rank 18 for his final examinations.

He leads the Muthoot M. George Foundation (MMGF), which disburses over Rs. 250 million annually primarily for the purpose of Education and Healthcare (with focus on Kidney related ailments).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/apr/30/a-golden-ticket-to-success-151377.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001012609/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/apr/30/a-golden-ticket-to-success-151377.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 October 2019 | title=A golden ticket to success | date=30 April 2010 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | accessdate=30 September 2019 }}</ref> Being an industry leader in the Gold Banking, in 2007 Alexander Muthoot was awarded his PhD in "Non-Traditional Banking with special reference to Gold" by the Open International University – Colombo, Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.muthootgroup.com/php/showAchievement.php?ach_id=9&linkid=22&partid=-1&archive=N |title=The Muthoot Group ~ A Muthoot M George Enterprise Since 1887 |access-date=9 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714140811/http://www.muthootgroup.com/php/showAchievement.php?ach_id=9&linkid=22&partid=-1&archive=N |archive-date=14 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He paid for an [[Institute of Technology|Engineering College]] in [[Kochi]], named Muthoot Institute of Science and Technology.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/muthoot-engineering-college/article23103938.ece | title=Muthoot engineering college | date=3 June 2013 | newspaper=The Hindu Business Line | accessdate=30 September 2019 }}</ref>

==Business career==
G. Alexander Muthoot was appointed as the managing director of the [[Muthoot Group]] in February 1993. The conglomerate has since grown exponentially, and is currently present in over 16 diversified industries in 4 different countries. Alexander Muthoot is also the managing director of [[Muthoot Finance]], a pioneer in Gold Banking. With over INR 263.87 bn in Assets Under Management, Muthoot Finance is India's Largest Gold Loan company (as of May 2013). The group has various interests in sectors such as [[financial services]], [[plantations]], media, [[Hospitality industry|hospitality]], healthcare, education, [[power generation]], infrastructure and [[Electronic funds transfer|money remittance]]. Alexander Muthoot is the President of the Association of Gold Loan Companies, an industry lobby formed by the Gold Loan companies in India,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Association of Gold Loan Companies|url=http://www.agloc.org/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.agloc.org}}</ref> and is also the Ex-Chairman of the Kerala Non-Banking Finance Companies Welfare Association.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Non Banking Finance Companies|url=http://knbfc.org/about.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=knbfc.org}}</ref> An industry leader in Gold Banking, Alexander Muthoot is often invited to forums such as [[Columbia Business School]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/students/organizations/saba/conferences/2012/speakers.html |title=Columbia Business School - India Business Conference 2011 |access-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604191302/http://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/students/organizations/saba/conferences/2012/speakers.html |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Indian Banking Conference (BANCON), he has also participated as a guest lecturer in IIM Kozhikode, Tricy and ISB Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iobbancon2011.com/uploads/cedocuments/bancon-2011_speakers_profile.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617112728/http://www.iobbancon2011.com/uploads/CEDocuments/BANCON-2011_SPEAKERS_PROFILE.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and frequently authors articles in Indian news-dailies such as [[The Economic Times]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business News Live, Share Market News - Read Latest Finance News, IPO, Mutual Funds News|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=The Economic Times}}</ref> and [[Hindu Business Line]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Muthoot|first=George Alexander|title=Gold loans: Where NBFCs score|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/Gold-loans-Where-NBFCs-score/article20590418.ece|access-date=2020-10-23|website=@businessline|date=14 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

''[[India Today]]'', a weekly magazine, ranked Alexander Muthoot as one of the most influential people in the State of [[Kerala]] in the year 2005. [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]], an Indian television channel, selected Alexander as one of the Millennium leaders in 2000. ''[[Dhanam (business magazine)|Dhanam]]'', a fortnightly magazine in India, ranked Muthoot as one of the most important business families in Kerala. In the year 2013 Dhanam Magazine also conferred upon Alexander Muthoot the prestigious Businessman of the year Award. He received the CA business Achiever Award 2013 under Financial Service sector from [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dhanamonline.com/ml/articles/details/41/1200 |title=Dhanam Business Summit 2012 |access-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615013957/http://www.dhanamonline.com/ml/articles/details/41/1200 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Muthoot Family]]
* [[Muthoot Group]]
* [[M George Muthoot]]
* [[M G George Muthoot]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muthoot, M. George}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:People from Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian accountants]]
[[Category:Muthoot Group]]

Idhu Varai

2026-02-25T00:45:38Z

MichalKohn: updated details

#REDIRECT [[Goa (soundtrack)]]

Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park

2026-02-24T06:47:25Z

MichalKohn: Creating some article w/ infobox

{{Short description|National park in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox Protected area
| name = Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park
| iucn_category = II
| image = Open wing basking of Dichorragia nesimachus (Doyère, -1840-) – Constable.jpg
| image_caption = [[Dichorragia nesimachus]] at Ultapani Division of Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park
| map =
| map_width =
| label =
| label_position =
| location = [[Chirang district|Chirang]] and [[Kokrajhar district]], [[Bodoland]], [[Assam]]
| nearest_city = [[Kokrajhar]]
| coords_ref = {{Coord|26|43|1.08|N|90|17|45.21|E|type:forest|display=title}}
| lat_d =
| lat_m =
| lat_s =
| lat_NS =
| long_d =
| long_m =
| long_s =
| long_EW =
| area = 316.29 sq. km
| established = 2025
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]] [[Government of Assam]]
| module =
| website =
}}
'''Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park''' is a national park located in the [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] of [[Assam]], India, encompassing parts of the [[Chirang district|Chirang]] and [[Kokrajhar district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indo-Bhutan conservation action plan soon to save golden langurs |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam/indo-bhutan-conservation-action-plan-soon-to-save-golden-langurs-3462163 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Covering an area of 316.29 square kilometres, it is part of the Manas Biosphere Reserve and serves as a crucial ecological corridor connecting four other protected areas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-03 |title=Elephant killers will be punished, says Assam tribal council chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/elephant-killers-will-be-punished-says-assam-tribal-council-chief/article69534632.ece |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The park is situated along the Indo–Bhutan border and supports a wide diversity of flora and fauna, including many rare and endangered species.<ref name=" AT">{{cite web | url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/sikhna-jwhwlao-to-be-states-8th-national-park-1568445 | title=Sikhna Jwhwlao to be State's 8th nation | publisher=The Assam Tribune | work=The Assam Tribune | date=17 February 2025 | accessdate=June 19, 2025}}</ref>

The [[Government of Assam]] formally approved the creation of the national park during a Cabinet meeting held on 16 February 2025.<ref name="NE Today">{{cite web | url=https://northeasttoday.in/2025/02/17/assam-govt-notifies-chirang-ripu-elephant-reserve-as-8th-national-park-to-be-named-sikhna-jwhwlao-national-park/ | title=Assam Govt Notifies Chirang-Ripu Elephant Reserve As 8th National Park, To Be Named Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park | publisher=Nort East Today | work=Nort East Today | date=17 February 2025 | accessdate=June 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-27 |title=Students paint walls to help conserve golden langurs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/students-paint-walls-to-help-conserve-golden-langurs/articleshow/118610314.cms |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was officially notified as a national park by the [[Governor of Assam]] on 5 March 2025, under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park is the third national park in [[Bodoland]] and the eighth in Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-02-19 |title=Sikhna Jwhwlao, A Haven For Golden Langurs, Declared Assam's Eighth National Park |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/sikhna-jwhwlao-declared-assams-eighth-national-park-a-haven-for-golden-langurs-enn25021902413 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

The park is home to more than 460 species of butterflies and serves as a habitat for several rare and protected species, including the [[Golden langur]], [[One-horned rhinoceros]], [[Royal Bengal tiger]], and [[Asian elephant]] etc.<ref name="The Sentinel">{{cite web | url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-chirang-reserve-forest-of-kokrajhar-declared-as-sikhna-jwhwlao-national-park | title=Assam: Chirang Reserve Forest of Kokrajhar Declared as Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park | publisher=The Sentinel | work=The Sentinel | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=June 19, 2025}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The park is named after Sikhna Jwhwlao, also known as ''Joulia Dewan'', a legendary Bodo warrior and leader who resisted British colonial forces during the Duar War between [[Bhutan]] and the [[British East India Company]] in 1864–1866.<ref name="Bodopedia">{{cite web | url=https://bodopedia.in/sikhna-jwhwlao-national-park/ | title=Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park - 3rd in BTR, 8th in Assam | publisher=Bodopedia | work=Bodopedia | date=February 17, 2025 | accessdate=June 19, 2025}}</ref> His capital, known as ''Sikhnajhar'' or ''Chiknajhar'', was located in the present-day Ultapani Reserve, which now falls within the boundaries of the national park. This location is regarded as sacred by the local Bodo community. Traditional religious festivals such as [[Bathou Puja]] and Kherai Puja are conducted annually at the site.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Protected areas of Assam}}
{{National Parks of India}}

[[Category:National parks in Assam]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar district]]
[[Category:Chirang district]]

Ujjain Municipal Corporation

2026-02-24T04:08:58Z

MichalKohn: Creating basic info more to come

{{Short description|Government of Ujjain, Madha Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Ujjain Municipal Corporation
| native_name = Ujjain Nagar Nigam
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| coa-pic =
| coa-res =
| house_type = Municipal corporation
| body =
| houses =
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Mukesh Tatwal
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/madhya-pradesh-municipal-election-result-2022-winners-list-indore-bhopal-jabalpur-satna-chhindwara-singrauli-gwalior-101658059075902.html|title=Madhya Pradesh municipal election result 2022: Check winners' list here|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=17 July 2022}}</ref>
| election1 =
| leader2_type = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| leader2 = Mr. Anshul Gupta
| election2 = 2021
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| structure1 = File:Ujjain Municipal Corporation 2022.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| seats = 54
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (37)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (37)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mplocalelection.gov.in/iems/report/resulturbanfinal_detailwise_website_july22.aspx|title=2022 Madhya Pradesh local election results|work=Madhya Pradesh SEC|accessdate=5 August 2023}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
'''Opposition (17)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (17)
| voting_system1 =
| last_election1 = [[2022 Madhya Pradesh municipal elections|6 July 2022]]
| next_election1 = 2027
| session_res =
| meeting_place = [[Ujjain]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| website = {{url|http://www.ujjain.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ujjain Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body of the city of [[Ujjain]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure and public services. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation.<ref name="ujjain">{{cite web |url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/ |title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India |publisher=ujjain.nic.in |access-date=2015-08-21 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-clean-sweeps-in-Madhya-Pradesh-civic-polls/articleshow/48501303.cms |title=BJP clean sweeps in Madhya Pradesh civic polls - The Times of India |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2015-08-21}}</ref> Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Ujjain Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]]. Ujjain Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal_corporation_(India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town.

==History==
Ujjain has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The UMC was established in the year 1886 as Nagar Palika but the Municipal Corporation of Ujjain was declared on par with [[Gwalior Municipal Corporation]]. The UMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms.<ref name="ujjain2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html|title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India|publisher=ujjain.nic.in|access-date=2015-08-21|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806164101/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ujjain3">{{cite web|url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html|title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India|publisher=ujjain.nic.in|access-date=2015-08-21|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706114354/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Revenue sources ==
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Uj11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Uj12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Uj13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{City of Ujjain}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government of Ujjain]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Mario Menezes

2026-02-09T07:05:24Z

MichalKohn: new details...

{{short description|Indian director and actor (1960–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mario Menezes
| image = Tragedy king Mario Menezes' tiatr Fattlean Poi (May 2010, Kala Academy, Goa).jpg
| birth_name = Mario Piedade Menezes
| caption = Menezes in 2010
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1960|05|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chinchinim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|06|25|1960|05|29|df=y}}
| burial_place = Our Lady of Hope Church cemetery, Chinchinim, Goa, India
| spouse = Epiphania Menezes
| children = 2
| death_place = [[Chiplun]], Maharashtra, India
| other_names = Tragedy King
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|theatre director|writer}}
| years_active = 1982–2022
}}

'''Mario Piedade Menezes''' (29 May 1960 – 25 June 2022), popularly known by his [[sobriquet]] '''Tragedy King''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/art-culture/scripting-the-goan-tiatr |title=Scripting the Goan tiatr|access-date=21 October 2022}}</ref> was an Indian theatre director, playwright, and actor who primarily worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]]. He was the vice president of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa|Tiatr Academy Goa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The legend will live on |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/The-legend-will-live-on/190979 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mario Menezes President of Tiatr Academy Goa passes away |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/News-Today/Mario-Menezes-President-of-Tiatr-Academy-Goa-passes-away-/190969 |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Mario Menezes {{!}} The Tragedy King {{!}} Mannkam Motieam |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/special-feature/remembering-mario-menezes-the-tragedy-king-mannkam-motieam-prudent/21886.html |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=www.prudentmedia.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa bids adeus to the King- Mario Menezes |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/News-Today/Goa-bids-adeus-to-the-King-Mario-Menezes/191128 |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The script still matters |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/The-script-still-matters/190826 |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Career==
Menezes made his debut as a professional [[tiatrist]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tragedy King - Mario Menezes |url=https://www.thegoan.net//tragedy-king-mario-menezes/1444.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> He was part of Rosario Rodrigues' troupe and was a long time member of [[Prince Jacob]]'s troupe before starting out as an independent director and forming his own troupe "Menezes Theatre" in 2001.<ref name=":0" /> Menezes has also acted in tiatrs by directors like [[Roseferns]], Comedian Agostinho, Jose Rod, Pascoal Rodrigues, [[Patrick Dourado]], Ligorio Fernandes and Menino De Bandar.<ref name="Herald" /> Menezes staged tiatrs in India as well as in other countries including the [[United Kingdom]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Noted tiatrist Mario Menezes no more |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/06/26/goanews/noted-tiatrist-mario-menezes-no-more/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=The Navhind Times |date=25 June 2022}}</ref> and Gulf nations like [[Kuwait]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mario Menezes & Troupe arrives Kuwait to stage Konkani Drama 'Xirlo' - Abroad Indians |url=http://www.abroadindians.com/news/mario-menezes-troupe-arrives-kuwait-to-stage-konkani-drama-xirlo/9753 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=www.abroadindians.com}}</ref> In 2018, he produced a tiatr with 25 children cast of leading tiatrists in Goa acting in it.<ref>{{cite news |title=A young generation of tiatrists |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/A-young-generation-of-tiatrists/131211 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=oHeraldo}}</ref> Menezes prior to his death had directed nearly 50 tiatrs and performed in about 10,000 shows during his career.<ref name=toi_death /><ref name="Herald" />

==Personal life==
Mario Piedade Menezes was born on 29 May 1960 in [[Chinchinim]], [[Goa]], which was then part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India), to Leopoldino and Esmeralda Menezes. He was married to Epiphania Menezes.Together, they had two daughters, Rioma and Riosha.<ref name="Herald" />

==Awards and honours==
Menezes won the 2014 [[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] Annual Dalgado Cultural Award for his contribution to the development of [[Romi Konkani|Konkani in the Roman script]].<ref name="Herald">{{cite news |title=A delightful time for the Tragedy King of Tiatr |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-delightful-time-for-the-Tragedy-King-of-Tiatr/86323 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=oHeraldo}}</ref> He has also been honoured as the Best Actor (1981), Best Director and Best Performance (1992), "''Goa Bandh''" and Best Duo with Lawry Travasso in 2002 at [[Kala Academy]] Tiatr Festival.<ref name="Herald" />

In 1985, Menezes was awarded the Gulab Best Actor for "''Amchem Ghor''", Best Director for "''He Chukik Bogsonem asa?''" in 2001, for "''Tiatr Somplo Cholat Ghara''" in 2003, for "''Tanchem Chintat Tevui Munxeam''" in 2005 and Best Writer for "''Sangat Ami Burguim Khonachim''" in 2004 and for "''Tanchem Chintat Tevui Munxean''" in 2005.<ref name="Herald" /> Menezes is also the recipient of the Dr Jack Sequeira Award for Best Director for "''Kal Aiz Ani Falleam'' in 2009, for ''Beiman Kir''" in 2010, for "''Hatachin Panch Bottam''" in 2011 and Best Tiatr for "''Maim Tuka Khoim Soddum''"<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mario Menezes' monsoon magic! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mario-menezes-monsoon-magic/articleshow/20944160.cms |access-date=2022-11-03 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> in 2012 Best Actor for "''Beiman Kir''" in 2010.<ref name="Herald" />

He was amongst the first three in all editions of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] Popular Tiatr Festival. In the first year, he won First Place for Best Actor and Best Director and second place for Script and Performance for "''Beiman Kir''". In the second year, he won awards for '''Futtleli Boxi''" and in the third year he won the first place for negative role in "''Xirlo''".

In the fourth Year of Tiatr Academy Popular Tiatr Festival, he won the first place for Writer, Director and Performance for "''Hi Vatt Khoim Veta''" and the following year he won the second place for Director, Script and Performance for "''Kollxear Udok''". In the sixth year of the awards, he won the second place for performance and third place for director for "''Eke Fottik Xembhor Fotti''".<ref name="Herald" /> The [[Goa Konkani Akademi]] also awarded him for Best Script for ''Tanchem Chintat Tivui Munxeam''.<ref name="Herald" />

== Death ==
Menezes died as a result of massive [[heart attack]] at [[Chiplun]], Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life journey of 'Tragedy King' ends abruptly |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/life-journey-of-tragedy-king-ends-abruptly/85734.html |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> while he was en route to [[Mumbai]]. He was on his way by train along with Menino de Bandar's troupe for a [[tiatr]] performance.<ref name=toi_death>{{Cite news |date=June 26, 2022 |first=Marcus |last=Mergulhao |title=The King of Tragedy takes his final bow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/the-king-of-tragedy-takes-his-final-bow/articleshow/92462887.cms |access-date=2022-07-27 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> His funeral was attended by hundreds of fans and dignitaries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tragedy King of Konkani stage Mario Menezes laid to rest|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Tragedy-King-of-Konkani-stage-Mario-Menezes-laid-to-rest/191145 |access-date=21 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=People from all walks of life bid tearful adieu to 'Tragedy King' Mario Menezes |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/people-from-all-walks-of-life-bid-tearful-adieu-to-tragedy-king-mario-menezes/85907.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Selected stage works==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref
|-
| 2022
| ''Thank You''
|
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Pires |first1=Mario |title=A tragedy to the world of 'tiatr' in Goa |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/a-tragedy-to-the-world-of-tiatr-in-goa |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''Bhurgem Tem Bhurgem''
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Mario Menezes' Bhurgem Tem Bhurgem is the new tiatr in town |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/goa/mario-menezes-bhurgem-tem-bhurgem-is-the-new-tiatr-in-town/articleshow/66390793.cms |access-date=21 October 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''Toh Porot Yetolo''
|
| <ref>{{cite news |first1=Gary |last1=Azavedo|title=Mario Menezes makes a splash with a thought-provoking drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/mario-menezes-makes-a-splash-with-a-thought-provoking-drama/articleshow/51953649.cms |access-date=21 October 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''Suknneachem Ghor Ghontter Nhoi''
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Mario Menezes Konkani drama - Suknneachem Ghor Ghontter Nhoi |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/chan/sponsoredDisplay.aspx?sID=5264 |website=www.daijiworld.com |access-date=21 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''Amkam Kiteak Poddla''
|
| <ref name="Herald" />
|-
| 2011
| ''Rogtacho Rong Tambdo''
|
| <ref name="Herald" />
|-
|2020
| ''Ho Uzo Palounk Zata''
| Writer & director
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Herald: "Ho Uzo Palounk Zata' bags first prize in popular tiatr competition |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Ho-Uzo-Palounk-Zata%E2%80%99-bags-first-prize-in-popular-tiatr-competition/162728 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Ghor Nhoi Ghorabo''
|Actor, writer & director
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=N. T. |title=TIATR REVIEW – JP PEREIRA – The Navhind Times |date=15 November 2017 |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2017/11/15/magazines/buzz/tiatr-review-jp-pereira-17/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|
|''Moronk Pasun Suseg Nam''
|Actor, producer, writer & director
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Joel |date=10 May 2020 |title=Moronk Passun Suseg Nam |url=http://tiatr.in/tiart/moronk-passun-suseg-na/ |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=tiatr.in}}</ref>
|-
|
|''Goem Konn Samballtolo''
|
|
|-
|
|''Sorry''
|
|
|-
|
|''Renver Bandlelem Ghor''
|
|
|-
|
|''Don Roste''
|
|
|-
|
|''Hi Vatt Khoim Veta''?
|
|
|-
|
|''Bendol''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Xirlo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Apurbaiechim Fulam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Aslelim Dukhi Naslelim Sukhi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Beiman Kir''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Bhurgem Tem Bhurgem''
|
|
|-
|
| ''College Life''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Dev Konn? Hindu, Kristanv Vo Musolman''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Dogui Bodmas''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Don Roste''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Duddu Anik Ginean''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Eke Fottik Xembhor Fotti''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Fattim Pavlem''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Fattlean Poi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Floriano Vaz – Poilo Martyr''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Futtleli Boxi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Ghor Nhoi Ghorabo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Ghorabeache Vantte''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Grandpa''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hatachim Panch Bottam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''He Roste Chukiche''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hevui Chukik Bhogsonnem Assa''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hevui Chukik Bhogsonnem Nam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hevui Chukik Bhogsonnem Assa – Part II''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hi Kudd Matiek Laitam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Hi Maim Konnachi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Ho Uzo Palounk Zata''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Kaide Konnak Keleat?''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Kal Aiz Ani Faleam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Kazari Put Konnacho?maicho Vo Bailecho?''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Love Story 2009''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Naginn''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Nhoim Mogache Pun Rogtache''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Omtea Kollxear Udok''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Osleo Suno''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Padri''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Padri Mogan Poddla...''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pai''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pangllo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Papi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Parvo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Passport''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Patkam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Peddo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pergaum''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pidda''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Piso''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pisuddlelim Fulam''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Podvi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Poixe Poixe''
|
|-
|
| ''Poltodd''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pontti''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Pordexi''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Posko''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Prachit''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Put''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Rag''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Randdponn''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Raza-rani''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Rogot''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Rogtacho Rong Tambddo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Rosto''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Rupia''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Somaz Osso Cholta''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Sonvsarant Konn Nhoim Konnacho''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Suicide''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Sukhachi Zalim Dukham''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Sukhnneachem Ghor Ghontter Nhoi''
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 25, 2015 |author=Gary Azavedo |title='Renver Bandlelem Ghor' set to make waves across the state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/renver-bandlelem-ghor-set-to-make-waves-across-the-state/articleshow/49522203.cms |access-date=2022-11-03 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|
| ''Tem Tuka Naka''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Tempa Pormonnem''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Tiatr Somplo Cholat Ghara''
|
|
|-
|
| ''To Porot Yetolo''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Tum Tujea Jivitacho Boroinnar''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Tumi Tumche Dolle Ugddat''
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menezes, Mario}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics]]
[[Category:Indian directors]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]
[[Category:Male actors from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]

Naznin Faruque

2026-02-02T07:38:03Z

MichalKohn: cleaned up citations and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician and social worker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Naznin Faruque
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1954|08|01|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|17 September 2020|1 August 1954}}
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| spouse = Abdur Rahman Faruque
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| residence = U.R. Road, Nagaon Town, Nagaon, Assam – 782001
| alma_mater = [[North Eastern Hill University]]
| profession = Social worker, Politician
| religion =
| website =
| footnotes =

| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2010
| term_end = 2 April 2016
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
| predecessor = [[Anwara Taimur]]
| successor = [[Ranee Narah]]

| office1 = Chairperson, [[Economy of Assam|Assam State Weaving Manufacturing Cooperative Limited]]
| term1 = 1994{{snd}}1996
| 1blankname1 = Chief Ministers
| 1namedata1 = [[Hiteswar Saikia]] [[Bhumidhar Barman]]
}}
'''Naznin Faruque''' (1 August 1954{{ndash}}17 September 2020) was an Indian social worker, politician and former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from [[Assam]], [[India]] belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref name="Farooque">{{Cite book|url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/ElectronicPublications/Member_Biographical_Book.pdf|chapter=FARUQUE, SHRIMATI NAZNIN|title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952-2019|author=Parliament of India|year=2019|page=150|publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Faruque was born on 1 August 1954, in [[Nagaon]] in the Indian state of Assam. She graduated with Bachelor's of Arts from Lady Kene College under the [[North Eastern Hill University]], Shillong, Meghalaya. She married Abdur Rahman Faruque on 10 January 1973.<ref name="Farooque"/>

==Career==
Faruque was Chairperson of the Assam State Weaving Manufacturing Cooperative Limited from 1994 to 1996.<ref name="Farooque"/> She was elected secretary of [[All India Mahila Congress|All India Mahila Congress Committee]] in 2009.<ref name="Farooque"/> In [[2010 Rajya Sabha elections]], Faruque was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from Assam as the first-ranked choice over fellow Congress leader, [[Silvius Condpan]], with 43 to 42 votes.<ref name="Hindustan-times">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/assam-rs-election-exposes-fragile-opposition/story-Ibj7oGqnZKrIQIzKNrknDM.html|title=Assam RS election exposes fragile Opposition|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=26 March 2010|first=Rahul|last=Karmakar|access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="rediff">{{Cite web|url=https://news.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/26/assam-cong-wins-two-rs-seats-with-bjp-votes.htm|title=Assam: Cong wins two RS seats with BJP votes|publisher=[[rediff.com]]|date=26 March 2010|first=K.|last=Anurag|access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref> She represented Assam in the Rajya Sabha until 2016. She served as a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers, Consultative Committee for the [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], Committee on Empowerment of Women, Committee on Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) and Court of the Assam Assembly.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

==Death==
Faruque died on 17 September 2020 at the age of 66. Her demise was condoled by Rajya Sabha Chairman [[Venkaiah Naidu]], Leader of the Opposition [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] and other members of the Rajya Sabha during its sitting on 19 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajya-sabha-mourns-death-of-former-member-naznin-faruque-889796.html|title=Rajya Sabha mourns death of former member Naznin Faruque|date=19 September 2020|website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

==Recognition==
*2009: "Bharat Jyoti Award".<ref name="Farooque"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faruque, Naznin}}
[[Category:Articles created or expanded during Women's History Month (India) - 2014]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Assam]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nagaon district]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:Women in Assam politics]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]

{{Assam-INC-politician-stub}}

Paravur Synagogue

2026-01-18T16:23:36Z

MichalKohn: adding some pg w/ refs...

{{short description|Former synagogue in North Paravur, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Paravur Synagogue
| native_name = {{ubl|{{langx|he|בית הכנסת פראבור}}|{{langx|ml|പറവൂർ ജൂതപള്ളി}}}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Judaism]] {{small|(former)}}
| image = Paravoor Jewish Synagogue - 9.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| caption = The former synagogue in 2019
| location = Jewish Street, [[Paravur Taluk]], [[Kerala]]
| geo = {{coord|10.1797|N|76.2097|E|region:IN_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| rite = [[Nusach Sefard]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the synagogue in [[Kerala]]
| consecration_year =
| status = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Synagogue]] {{small|(1616–1988)}}}}|[[Jewish museum]] {{small|(since 2014)}}}}
| functional_status = {{ubl|{{nowrap|'''Closed''' {{small|(as a synagogue)}};}}|Repurposed}}
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Synagogue architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|Cochin Jewish architecture|[[Portuguese colonial architecture]]}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1616
| construction_cost =
| facade_direction = South
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| materials =
}}

The '''Paravur Synagogue''' ({{langx|he|בית הכנסת פראבור}}; {{langx|ml|പറവൂർ ജൂതപള്ളി}}), also known as the '''Parur Synagogue''', is a former [[synagogue]], located on Jewish Street in [[North Paravur]] (Parur), in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The former synagogue is one of the largest and most complete among the [[List of Synagogues in Kerala|Jewish synagogues in Kerala]].<ref name="jpost_parur_syn">{{Cite news |url=https://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/A-revival-of-Jewish-heritage-on-the-Indian-tourism-trail |title=A revival of Jewish heritage on the Indian tourism trail |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |author=Weil, Shalva |date=2010-07-16 |access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref>

Built by the [[Cochin Jews|Malabar Jews]], it has undergone successive phases of destruction and reconstruction. The present synagogue complex dates from 1616 [[Common Era|CE]], but it was built on top of a much older building speculated to have been constructed as early as 750 CE or 1105 CE,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Synagogues of Kerala|url=http://cochinsyn.com/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=cochinsyn.com}}</ref> making it one of the oldest synagogues in India and the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. The former synagogue is closed for worship. It has been renovated by the Government of Kerala and, in 2014, was opened to the public as the Kerala Jews History Museum, a [[Jewish museum]].

== History ==
Jewish people had been arriving in Kerala since 1st millennia BC for trading, and their communities were mostly settled around today's [[Kodungallur]] region (which was then a trading port named [[Muziris]]) and [[Kollam]]. They received royal patronage and special rights from the local [[Chera kingdom|Chera kings]] such as [[Cheraman Perumal]] and established Synagogues at their respective settlements for public worship.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/on-display-the-history-of-malabar-jews/article5412785.ece|title=On display, the history of Malabar Jews|last1=Anandan|first1=S.|date=2013-12-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-14|last2=Anandan|first2=S.|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="newsminute_modi_gifts_2017">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/seeped-jewish-history-kerala-relics-modi-gifted-netanyahu-his-maiden-israel-visit-64712|title=Steeped in Jewish history: The Kerala relics Modi gifted to Netanyahu on his maiden Israel visit|date=2017-07-05|work=The News Minute|access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref> This was documented in the [[Jewish copper plate|copper plates]] dated 10th century AD issued by Bhaskara Ravi Varman to the Jewish community leader [[Joseph Rabban]].<ref name="newsminute_modi_gifts_2017"/><ref name="thehindu_paravur_restore_2010"/>

In the 14th century AD, after the [[Periyar Flood of 1341]] (that also caused a [[Tsunami]], according to some sources <ref name="jpost_parur_syn"/>), the community had to relocate to nearby towns such as [[North Paravur|Paravur]], [[Chendamangalam]] and [[Kochi]]. Memories of this incident were preserved by oral tradition through traditional songs in [[Jewish Malayalam]].<ref name="journal_alwaye_jews">{{Cite journal|last=Weil|first=Shalva|date=2009-11-01|title=The Place of Alwaye in Modern Cochin Jewish History|journal=Journal of Modern Jewish Studies|volume=8|issue=3|pages=319–335|doi=10.1080/14725880903263044|s2cid=143889867 |issn=1472-5886}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600500300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627231905/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600500300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-06-27|title=Jewish songs in Malayalam|first=P|last=Pradeep|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=2003-05-26|access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref><ref name="jewish_mal_songs_thesis_2009">{{Cite book|url=http://shemer.mslib.huji.ac.il/dissertations/W/JMS/001489509.pdf|title=PhD Thesis: Jewish Malayalam Women's Songs|last=Gamliel|first=Ophira|date=2009|publisher=Hebrew University|language=en|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326052302/http://shemer.mslib.huji.ac.il/dissertations/W/JMS/001489509.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Paravur Synagogue is among the oldest synagogues that still exist in Kerala and is also the largest Synagogue complex.<ref name="indianjews_org_parur"/> The current synagogue was built in 1615 AD at the Jewish Street of Paravur and very close to the Paravur Market where the Jewish community had settled and worked as traders.
However, traditional accounts hint at a much older heritage, indicating that it was built on top of the ruins of an older synagogue dated 1165 AD.<ref name="thehindu_paravur_restore_2010">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Paravur-synagogue-to-be-restored/article16002780.ece|title=Paravur synagogue to be restored|date=2010-03-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-14|last=Srivathsan|first=A|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin Jews ===
Although the community lived peacefully throughout their history among the locals, there were conflicts due to foreign invaders such as [[Mysore Kingdom]] (during the Malabar raids led by Hyder Ali and his son [[Second Anglo-Mysore War|Tipu Sultan]] during the 18th century) and European colonizers such as [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] and [[Dutch Malabar|Dutch]] during 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="indianjews_org_parur" /> According to a traditional Jewish Malayalam song, the synagogue was put to fire in 1662, most likely by the Portuguese, at around the same time when the [[Paradesi Synagogue]] near [[Fort Kochi]] was also burnt.<ref name="cochinsyn_parur" />

After the modern State of Israel was established in 1948, the Paravur Jews started to make ''[[aliyah]]''.<ref name="jpost_parur_syn"/> As of 1949, there were about three hundred Jews still living in Paravur, but most of them immigrated to Israel in large numbers by the mid 1950s.<ref name="indianjews_org_parur"/>
By 1970s, the public worship at the synagogue ceased as the [[minyan]] (the quorum or minimum number of 10 Jewish adults required to conduct worship) could not be met and the Synagogue largely remained unattended during later decades.<ref name="indianjews_org_parur"/> The last ever worship service was conducted in 1988.<ref name="thehindu_paravur_restore_2010"/>
[[File:Israel_Museum-_Transfered_and_Rebuilt_Synagogues_(5689324888).jpg|thumb|The [[Torah ark|ark]] and [[Bema|bima]] of the Parur Synagogue are now displayed in the [[Israel Museum]] in Jerusalem]]
According to a report by the International Survey of Jewish Monuments (ISJM), the original [[Bema|bimah]] and the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark]] (containing [[Sefer Torah|Torah scrolls]]) were moved to Israel in 1995 and preserved there.<ref name="thehindu_paravur_restore_2010" />

=== Kerala Jews Lifestyle Museum ===
In 1996, the synagogue was declared as a [[protected monument]], however it continued to remain mostly neglected until 2009 when it was handed over to the [[Kerala State Department of Archaeology]].<ref name="thehindu_paravur_restore_2010"/> Since 2010, the Government renovated the dilapidated structure as part of the ''[[Muziris Heritage Project]]'' and converted this into a museum to highlight the Jewish heritage of Kerala.<ref name="muzirisheritage_paravur">{{Cite web|url=http://www.muzirisheritage.org/kerala-jews-historical-museum.php|title=Kerala Jews Historical Museum at Paravur Synagogue: Museums|website=Muziris Heritage Project|access-date=2017-12-14|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505214209/http://www.muzirisheritage.org/kerala-jews-historical-museum.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> They were opened to public in 2014.<ref name="thehindu_musuems_open_2014">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/museums-opened-as-part-of-muziris-project/article5748649.ece |title=Museums opened as part of Muziris project |author= |date=2014-03-04 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2017-12-14 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="businessline_musuems_open_2014">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/keralas-3000yearold-history-gets-four-new-homes/article6640339.ece|title=Kerala's 3,000-year-old history gets four new homes|last=Jain|first=Mahima A|date=2014-11-27|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2017-12-14|language=en}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The Paravur Synagogue is built with a unique blend of traditional Jewish [[Synagogue architecture]] as well as [[Kerala Architecture|Kerala architectural]] styles. This is most evident in the use of [[Architecture of Kerala#Padippura|padippura]] (arched gateway) along the path that leads to the main building.<ref name="cochinsyn_parur">{{Cite web |url=http://cochinsyn.com/page-parur.html |title=The Synagogues of Kerala |website=cochinsyn.com |last=Waronker |first=Jay A. |access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref><ref name="muzirisheritage_paravur"/>

=== Structure ===

Similar to the [[List of Synagogues in Kerala#Architectural Similarities|architecture of other synagogues]] in Kerala, it has a balcony and a separate gallery for women to assemble, with direct access from outside through a staircase.

The exterior inner wall of the Synagogue compound also holds a plaque dated 1616, with Hebrew text engraved on a stone slab under the name of David Ya’acov Castiel Mudaliar, the fourth Mudaliyar (community leader) of the Kerala Jews, who was instrumental in the rebuilding of the Synagogue.<ref name="jpost_parur_syn"/><ref name="indianjews_org_parur">{{Cite web |url=http://indianjews.org/en/research/jewish-sites-in-india/110-parur-synagogue |title=Kerala - Parur Synagogue |last=Waronker |first=Jay A. |website=indianjews.org |language=en-gb |access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref>

== Paravur Jewish Cemetery ==

Paravur Jewish Cemetery is situated to next to Lakshmi College Paravoor.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Pillared corridor of Paravur Synagogue Museum during renovation in 2011.jpg|
Paravur Synagogue Museum during renovation in 2011.jpg|
Paravur Synagogue.jpg|
Interior of Paravur Synagogue.jpg|
Interior baclony of Paravur Synagogue Museum during renovation in 2011.jpg|
Interior pulpit of Paravur Synagogue Museum during renovation in 2011.jpg|
Wooden interior of Paravur Synagogue.jpg|
Kerala Jews Historical Museum at Paravur Jewish Synagogue - WikiSangamotsavam 2018, Kottappuram, Kodungalloor (42).jpg|
Jewish copper plates of Cochin replica, Kerala Jews Historical Museum at Paravur Jewish Synagogue, Kodungallur.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|Judaism|India}}}}
* [[History of the Jews in India]]
* [[List of synagogues in India]]
* [[List of synagogues in Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Paravur Synagogue}}

{{Synagogues in India}}

[[Category:17th-century religious buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:17th-century synagogues in Asia]]
[[Category:Cochin Jews]]
[[Category:Former synagogues in India]]
[[Category:Jewish museums in India]]
[[Category:Museums in India]]
[[Category:North Paravur]]
[[Category:Portuguese colonial architecture in India]]
[[Category:Sephardi synagogues in India]]
[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1616]]
[[Category:Synagogues in Kerala]]
[[Category:Synagogues preserved as museums]]

Jalna North Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:15:54Z

MichalKohn: put up first article basic info.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jalna North
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1967
| abolished = 1972<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title=Archive Delimitation Orders |access-date=25 December 2024|publisher=Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
| electors = 88,026
| mla = Chavan Bajirao Sheshrao
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Jalna North Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Gambhirrao Gadhe || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Chavan Bajirao Sheshrao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Bajirao Sheshrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 15,081 |percentage = 40.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gambhirrao Gadhe |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,262 |percentage = 38.10% |change={{decrease}}9.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandit Babulal Rajaram |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 4,509 |percentage = 12.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhengale Sampatrao Paraji |party=Independent politician |votes = 859 |percentage = 2.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raut Rambhau Deorao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 611 |percentage = 1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 819 |percentage = 2.19% |change= {{decrease}}19.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,432 |percentage = 40.13% |change= {{decrease}}1.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,026 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gambhirrao Gadhe |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,425 |percentage = 47.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=G. D. Chitnis |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 8,871 |percentage = 25.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. S. Mohite |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,519 |percentage = 16.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. P. Dhengle |party=Independent politician |votes = 445 |percentage = 1.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,554 |percentage = 22.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,241 |percentage = 40.02% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,106 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Suman Indori

2026-01-01T03:37:38Z

MichalKohn:

{{Short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Suman Indori.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy]]
| creator = [[Prateek Sharma]]
| based_on =
| director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ashnoor Kaur]]|[[Zain Imam]]|[[Anita Hassanandani]]}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 236
| list_episodes =
| creative_director = [[Avhiroop Mazzumdar]]
| composer =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Prateek Sharma
| location = [[Indore]]
| runtime = 20 minutes
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| company = Studio LSD Private Limited
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|9|3}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2025|4|27}}
}}
'''''Suman Indori''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language romantic drama television series that aired from 3 September 2024 to 27 April 2025 on [[Colors TV]]. It is produced by [[Prateek Sharma]] under Studio LSD Private Limited and it stars [[Ashnoor Kaur]], [[Zain Imam]], and [[Anita Hassanandani]]. It is the remake of [[Colors Kannada]]'s TV series ''[[Kendasampige (TV series)|Kendasampige]]''. The show took a four-year leap in January 2025.

==Plot==
{{expand section|date=July 2025}}
{{More plot|date=July 2025}}Suman runs a food truck in Indore, her brother, Rishi is involved with aspiring MLA Teerth Mittal and dies during a protest. To preserve his reputation, Teerth marries Suman. Suman strives to heal the Mittal family and uncover Devika's true colours.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Ashnoor Kaur]] as Suman Sharma Mittal: Hema's elder daughter; Rishi Sharma and Bhoomi's sister; Teerth's wife; Rishi Mittal's foster mother (2024–2025)
*[[Zain Imam]] as Teerth Mittal: Politician; Chandrakant and Geetanjali's second son; Gururaj, Akhil and Tanvi's brother; Suman's husband; Rishi Mittal's foster father (2024–2025)
*[[Anita Hassanandani]] as Devika Gupta Mittal: Gajinder's elder daughter; Kritika's sister; Gururaj's wife; Riva's mother; Rishi Sharma's murderer (2024–2025)

===Recurring===
*Sai Ballal as Chandrakant Mittal: Geetanjali's husband; Gururaj, Teerth, Akhil and Tanvi's father; Riva and Rishi Mittal's grandfather; Rishi Sharma's co-murderer (2024–2025)
*[[Nishigandha Wad]] as Geetanjali Mittal: Chandrakant's wife; Gururaj, Teerth, Akhil and Tanvi's mother; Riva and Rishi Mittal's grandmother (2024–2025)
*Aman Sharma as Gururaj Mittal: Chandrakant and Geetanjali's eldest son; Teerth, Akhil and Tanvi's brother; Devika's husband; Riva's father (2024–2025)
*Reeza Choudhary as Riva Mittal: Devika and Gururaj's daughter; Rishi Mittal's cousin (2025)
**Mayanshi Verma as Child Riva (2024–2025)
*Sachin Sharma as Akhil Mittal: Chandrakant and Geetanjali's youngest son; Gururaj, Teerth and Tanvi's brother Bhoomi's husband; Rishi Mittal's father (2024–2025)
*Mansi Bhanushali as Advocate Bhoomi Sharma Mittal: Hema's younger daughter; Suman and Rishi Sharma's sister; Akhil wife; Rishi Mittal's mother (2024–2025)
*Shaurya Vijayvargiya as Rishi Mittal: Bhoomi and Akhil's son; Suman and Teerth's foster son; Riva's cousin (2025)
*Aayushree Sangle / Tanvi Sawant as Purvi Mittal: Chandrakant and Geetanjali's daughter; Gururaj, Teerth and Akhil's sister (2024) / (2024–2025)
*Arunim Mishra as Rishi Sharma: Hema's son; Suman and Bhoomi's brother (2024; 2025)
**Advik Singh Rana as Child Rishi (2024)
*[[Shweta Gautam]] as Hema Sharma: Suman, Rishi Sharma and Bhoomi's mother; Rishi Mittal's grandmother (2024–2025)
*Manisha Purohit as Malini Sharma: Hema's sister-in-law; Suman, Rishi Sharma and Bhoomi's aunt (2024–2025)

*[[Angad Hasija]] as Vikram Chauhan: Suman's friend, ex-fiancé and obsessive one-sided lover (2025)
*Sambhabana Mohanty as Kritika Gupta: Gajinder's younger daughter; Devika's sister; Teerth's ex-fiancée and one-sided obsessive lover (2024–2025)
*Sandeep Kapoor as Gajinder Gupta: Devika and Kritika's father; Riva's grandfather (2024–2025)
*Ranveer Singh Malik as Gulshan: Purna's son (2024–2025)
*Uma Basu as Purna: Gulshan's mother (2024–2025)
*Gultesham Khan as Chitragupta: Teerth's best friend (2024)

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Ashnoor Kaur]] was cast as Suman Sharma and this series made the mark comeback of Kaur after three years hiatus on TV.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 September 2024|title=Exclusive - Ashnoor Kaur On Her Comeback With Suman Indori; Says 'I Took A Three-Year Break Because I Didn't Want To Do A Married Character During My Teenage Years'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-ashnoor-kaur-on-her-comeback-with-suman-indori-says-i-took-a-three-year-break-because-i-didnt-want-to-do-a-married-character-during-my-teenage-years/articleshow/113046615.cms|access-date=5 October 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Zain Imam]] and [[Anita Hassanandani]] was selected to play Teerth and Devika.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 June 2024|title=Anita Hassanandani and Zain Imam finalised for Prateek Sharma's next show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anita-hassanandani-and-zain-imam-finalised-for-prateek-sharmas-next-show/articleshow/110638181.cms|access-date=5 October 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Sandeep Kapoor was cast as Gajinder Gupta.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 September 2024|title=Sandeep Kapoor To Play Gajinder Gupta In Suman Indori, Says 'Audience Will See Me As A Powerful Politician And As An Amazing Father' -Exclusive
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sandeep-kapoor-to-play-gajinder-gupta-in-suman-indori-says-audience-will-see-me-as-a-powerful-politician-and-as-an-amazing-father-exclusive/articleshow/112955975.cms|access-date=5 October 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/suman-indori/4011339 ''Suman Indori''] at [[JioCinema]]
*{{IMDb title|33310442}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

M. K. Muneer

2025-12-24T11:46:56Z

MichalKohn: updated page

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Dr. M. K. Muneer
|image = MK_Muneer.jpg
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|08|26|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
|residence = [[Kozhikode]]
|nationality = {{Flag icon|India}} [[India]]n
|death_date =
|death_place =
|education = [[Government Medical College, Kozhikode]]
|office = [[Second Chandy ministry|Minister for Social Welfare and Panchayath Affairs]], [[Government of Kerala]]
|term_start = 23 May 2011
|term_end = 20 May 2016
|predecessor = [[Paloli Mohammed Kutty]]
|successor = [[K. T. Jaleel]]
|office2 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Deputy Leader of Opposition]] in [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start2 = 22 April 2017
|term_end2 = 7 May 2021
|leader2=[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|predecessor2 =[[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
|successor2 = [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
|office3=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start3=24 May 2021
|predecessor3 = [[Karat Razak]]
|constituency3=[[Koduvally (State Assembly constituency)|Koduvally]]
|term_start4=1 June 2011
|term_end4=3 May 2021
|predecessor4=''constituency created''
|successor4=[[Ahamed Devarkovil]]
|constituency4=[[Kozhikode South (State Assembly constituency)|Kozhikode South]]
|term_start5=1996
|term_end5=2006
|predecessor5= Younus Kunhu
|successor5=[[M. Ummer]]
|constituency5=[[Malappuram (State Assembly constituency)|Malappuram]]
|office6=[[Third Antony ministry|Minister For Public Works Department]], [[Government of Kerala]]
|term_start6= 26 May 2001
|term_end6 = 12 May 2006
|predecessor6=[[P. J. Joseph]]
|successor6= [[P. J. Joseph]]
|party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|spouse = Nafeesa Vineetha
|children = Two sons and one daughter
|website =
|footnotes =
|date =
|year =
|source = }}

'''M. K. Muneer''' is an Indian politician, [[physician]], social worker, singer, poet and author from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=564415&u=criticised-for-supporting-homosexuality-muneer-withdraws-post-congratulating-lgbt-community | title=Criticised for supporting homosexuality; Muneer withdraws post congratulating LGBT community }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mk-muneer-s-weird-argument-on-gender-neutrality-triggers-row-1.7795773 | title=MK Muneer's weird argument on gender neutrality triggers row }}</ref> He was the Minister for Social Welfare and [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]] in the last (May 2011 – May 2016) UDF Ministry, headed by [[Oommen Chandy]] and represented the Kozhikode South constituency in the legislative assembly. He was also the Minister for Public Works in [[A K Antony Ministry 3]].<ref name="keralatv">{{cite web|url=http://www.keralatv.in/2010/05/dr-m-k-muneer-to-host-amrita-tv%E2%80%99s-sangeetha-samagamam/ |title=Dr. M.K. Muneer To Host Amrita TV's Sangeetha Samagamam | Kerala Television |publisher=Keralatv.in |date=2010-08-01 |access-date=2011-07-01}}</ref> Muneer is a State secretary of the [[Indian Union Muslim League]] and<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/29/stories/2009032953940500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108033013/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/29/stories/2009032953940500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-08 |title=Kerala / Kannur News : 'CPI(M) pursuing dangerous politics' |date=2009-03-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-07-01}}</ref> was the Chairman of the Malayalam TV channel [[Indiavision]]. He has written [[ghazal]]s and books including ''Fascism and the Sangh Parivar''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Irfan |url=http://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2008/april08/cover4.html |title=CC April 2008 |publisher=Sabrang.com |date=2007-09-21 |access-date=2011-07-01}}</ref> He is a qualified medical doctor and patron of MCC-THAS-Haemophilia Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pedblood.org/whoiswho.html |title=| MCC-THAS-Hemophilia Society | |publisher=Pedblood.org |access-date=2011-07-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727170404/http://www.pedblood.org/whoiswho.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 }}</ref>

Muneer is the only son amongst the three children of [[C. H. Mohammed Koya]],<ref name="keralatv" /> veteran Muslim League politician and former [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] and Amina. In March 2017 he was elected as deputy opposition leader in Kerala Legislative Assembly. He did his MBBS in a private medical college in Karnataka.<ref name="deshabhimani.com">{{Cite web|title=മുഖം രക്ഷിയ്ക്കാന്‍ പുതിയ വാദവുമായി കെ എം ഷാജി: വെട്ടിലായത് കൂടെയിരുന്ന എം കെ മുനീര്‍|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/special/k-m-shaji-s-defense-lands-m-k-muneer-in-trouble/866253|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Deshabhimani|language=ml}}</ref> With a special order by the Government of Kerala post his father's death, he was allowed a transfer to [[Government Medical College, Kozhikode]] and eventually completed his course from there.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Web Desk|title=കള്ളം പറയലാണോ രാഷ്ട്രീയം? അതും ഈ മരണകാലത്ത്? എ.എ റഹിം|url=https://www.mediaonetv.in/kerala/2020/04/16/a-a-rahm-against-k-m-shaji-and-m-k-muneer|access-date=2020-06-12|website=MediaOne News {{!}} Latest Malayalam News from MediaOne Tv|language=ml}}</ref> This became a controversy after he questioned the state aid given to a leader from Nationalist Congress Party.<ref name="deshabhimani.com"/>

==Minister in different ministries==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Head of the Ministry !! Period !! Portfolio
|-
| 1 || [[A. K. Antony]] || 2001-04 || public work dept
|-
| 2 ||[[Oommen Chandy]] || 2004-06 || public work dept
|-
| 3 || Oommen Chandy || 2011-16|| panchyath, social welfare
|}

==Kerala Legislative Assembly election, 2021==
In the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, he contested from Koduvally. He defeated Karat Razack by a margin of 6344 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1131.htm?ac=31|title=2021 Koduvally Constituency Assembly Election Results|website=Election commission of India}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kozhikode South}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian Union Muslim League
|candidate = M. K. Muneer
|votes = 49,863
|percentage = 43.13%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National League
|candidate = A. P. Abdul Vahab
|votes = 43,536
|percentage = 37.66%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena
|candidate = Satheesh Kuttiyil
|votes = 19,146
|percentage = 16.56%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 788
|percentage = 0.68%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate = U. K. Deysi Balasubrahmanyan
|votes = 593
|percentage = 0.51%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamala Pavithran
|votes = 480
|percentage = 0.42%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = A. P. Abdul Vahab
|votes = 287
|percentage = 0.25%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = A. K. Sajan
|votes = 227
|percentage = 0.20%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abdul Sathar
|votes = 211
|percentage = 0.18%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Muneer Davari
|votes = 190
|percentage = 0.16%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Premanand T.
|votes = 166
|percentage = 0.14%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abdul Muneer
|votes = 130
|percentage = 0.11%
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 6,327
|percentage = 5.47%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,15,617
|percentage = 77.57%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian Union Muslim League
|loser = Indian National League
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Controversies==
Muneer put a pro-LGBTQ post in Facebook during the [[pride month]] in 2021, only to be withdrawn later following severe criticism from party members.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=564415&u=criticised-for-supporting-homosexuality-muneer-withdraws-post-congratulating-lgbt-community|title=Criticised for supporting homosexuality; M K Muneer withdraws post congratulating LGBT community|website=Kerala Kaumudi}}</ref> Once popular as the progressive face of IUML, Muneer later became a staunch supporter of patriarchal and conservative form of Islam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/editorials/2022/aug/06/iumls-new-voice-of-conservativism-2484655.html|title=IUML's new voice of conservatism|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> His strange argument that gender neutrality will make [[POCSO]] Act redundant stirred up a massive political controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/aug/19/gender-neutrality-will-render-pocso-act-redundant-mk-muneer-2488984.html|title=Gender neutrality will render POCSO Act redundant: M. K. Muneer|website=New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/mk-muneer-s-weird-argument-on-gender-neutrality-triggers-row-1.7795773|title=M K Muneer's weird argument on gender neutrality triggers row|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> More recently, he is known for delivering negative speeches against the LGBT+ community including a controversial article published in [[Suprabhatam]] daily where he accused homosexuals of being violent and demanding rights for child sex abuse.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/kerala/gender-neutrality-politics-mk-munir-said-that-he-will-stand-with-morality-188799|title=Gender neutrality: M. K. Muneer said that he will stand with morality|website=Media One}}</ref> Despite being a former Minister who implemented transgender policy in Kerala; for the first time in an Indian state, Muneer stirred controversy by questioning the gender of the first trans man in India who gave birth to a baby.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/kerala-becomes-first-state-to-introduce-policy-for-transgenders-1243420|title=Kerala becomes first state to introduce policy for transgenders|website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iuml-leder-s-transphbic-remark-and-political-campaign-against-lgbtqia-persons-173198|title=IUML leader MK Muneer makes hate comment on Kerala trans man who gave birth|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

He also described the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|7 October attacks]] by [[Hamas]] as "resistance" at an IUML rally after [[Shashi Tharoor]] called it "terrorist act".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/at-iuml-rally-tharoor-calls-hamas-action-terrorist-attack-later-mk-muneer-terms-it-resistance-1.9017946|title=At IUML rally, Shashi Tharoor calls Hamas action 'terrorist attack', MK Muneer terms it 'resistance'|website=Mathrubhumi English}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|M. K. Muneer}}

{{Oommen Chandy Cabinet 2011}}
{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muneer, M}}
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Ministers for Public Works of Kerala]]

Gautam (clan)

2025-12-23T05:05:28Z

MichalKohn: done!

{{Short description|Clan in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox tribe |name=Gautam |local name=गौतम |type= |ethnicity=*[[Rajput]] |location=*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Bihar]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|parent_tribe=|branches=|language=*[[Hindi]]
*[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]|religion=[[Hinduism|Hindu]]}}

The '''Gautam''' is a [[Rajput]] clan found primarily in north region of Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Growse |first=F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHfjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Gautam+Brahmin&pg=RA1-PA113 |title=Mathura: A District Memoir |date=2023-11-16 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-368-84209-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Saiyad Hasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxDWbsztdVQC&dq=Gautam+Rajput&pg=PA110 |title=Evolution and Spatial Organization of Clan Settlements: A Case Study of Middle Ganga Valley |date=1986 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref> The erstwhile head of Gautam Rajputs had also claimed himself to be descendant of the [[Shakya|Shakyas]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anagarika H. |first=Dharmapala |title=Message from Raja Saheb of Aragal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70778/page/n559/mode/2up |journal=The Maha-Bodhi |date=1931 |volume=39 |pages=508}}</ref> thus possibly giving an alternate origin for this clan.

They are primarily found in the [[India]]n states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]], along with [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ram Bali |title=Rajput Clan-settlements in Varanasi District |date=1975 |publisher=National Geographical Society of India |page=61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ram Bali|title=Clan Settlements in the Saran Plain (Middle Ganga Valley): A Study in Cultural Geography|date=1977|publisher=National Geographical Society of India, Banaras Hindu University|pages=145}}</ref>

The clan name ''Gautam'' means "descendant of Gautam or one who has most light", "Gautama" meaning "one who has the most light,"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bopearachchi |first1=Osmund |title=GREEK HELIOS OR INDIAN SŪRYA? THE SPREAD OF THE SUN GOD IMAGERY FROM INDIA TO GANDHĀRA |journal=Connecting the Ancient West and East. Studies Presented to Prof. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, Edited by J. Boardman, J. Hargrave, A. Avram and A. Podossinov, Monographs in Antiquity |date=1 January 2021 |page=946 |url=https://www.academia.edu/50839613 |access-date=18 August 2022 |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913004936/https://www.academia.edu/50839613 |url-status=live }}</ref> and may indicate the possibility of [[Kshatriya]] clans adopting the [[Brahmin gotra|Brahminical gotra]] of their [[Purohita|purohit]].<ref name=":0">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2012|title=Ṛṣis|encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online|publisher=Brill|last=Witzel|first=Michael}}</ref>{{qn|date=October 2023}}

== Territory ==
The territory of key Gautam Rajput settlements included the following areas.

* [[Basti district|Basti]] (near modern [[Siddharthnagar district|Siddharthnagar]] district)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://basti.nic.in/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225191752/https://basti.nic.in/history/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2024-10-31}}</ref>
* [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]
* [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur]]<ref name=":2" />{{ref|noteNote1|Note1}}

== History ==
The Gautam Rajput clan was formerly very powerful near lower [[Doab]]. The Gautam Rajput family of Argal, fought several battles for [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] against [[Humayun]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolff |first=Dirk H. A. |title=Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780521523059 |pages=65}}</ref> The clan is divided into tribes: Raja, Rao (Birhampur), Rana [Chilli (Kanpur)], and Rawat (Bhaupur).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Henry M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Memoirs_on_the_History_Folk_Lore_and_Dis/p-lAAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=gautams+are+divided+into+rao+rana+and+rawat&pg=PA116&printsec=frontcover |title=Memoirs on the History, Folk-Lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India; being an amplified Edition of the original: Supplemental Glossary of India Terms By the late Henry M. Elliot. Edited, revised, and re-arranged by John Beames. In 2 Volumes. I |date=1869 |publisher=Trübner & Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dass |first=Arvind |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Caste_System_Caste_commentaries_and_docu/VAhuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=gautams+are+divided+into+rao+rana+and+rawat&dq=gautams+are+divided+into+rao+rana+and+rawat&printsec=frontcover.%20pg%20267 |title=Caste System: Caste commentaries and documentation |date=2002 |publisher=Dominant Publishers and Distributors |isbn=978-81-7888-029-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/National_Geographer/QYtKAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=rao+rana+rawat+national+geographer&dq=rao+rana+rawat+national+geographer&printsec=frontcover |title=National Geographer |date=1990 |publisher=Allahabad Geographical Society. |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable Gautam Rajputs ==

* [[:hi:जोधा_सिंह_अटैया|Jodha Singh Ataiya]]
* [[Kedarnath Singh]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kedarnath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnKPon0goOUC |title=Mere Saakshaatkar |date=June 2003 |pages=163|publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7016-536-1 }}</ref> {{ref|noteNote2|Note2}}
* [[Suryadeo Singh]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2024|reason=His son's surname is Gautam, possibly indicating his clan. However, there are no other sources that clarify his clan explicitly}}
* [[Balmukund Goutam|Balmukund Singh Gautam]]
* Janardan Singh Gautam

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajput, Gautam}}

==Notes==
:Note1.{{note|noteNote1}} The House of Aragal is in the Fatehpur district.
:Note2.{{note|noteNote2}} Kedarnath Singh calls himself a Gautam Rajput in his autobiography.
==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |first1=S. Hasan |last1=Ansari |first2=Mohd. |last2=Saleem |title=Spatial Diffusion of Gautam Rajput Clan Settlements in Ghazipur District |journal=Man in India |volume=60 |issue=3 |year=1980 |pages=278–281}}

[[Category:Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Bihar]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Madhya Pradesh]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Lakhüti

2025-11-28T01:17:22Z

MichalKohn: new a info...

{{onesource|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhüti
| native_name =
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| image =
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| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = left
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Lakhüti
| coordinates = {{coord|26.2954583|N|94.249358|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 =
[[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Wokha district|Wokha]]
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| elevation_m = 825
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| population_total = 7614 <ref name=demographics>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Wokha/Aitepyong/Lakhuti|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617200632/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Wokha/Aitepyong/Lakhuti|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 June 2014|title=Census2011, Lakhüti village Data}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
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| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_blank2_title = Dialect
| population_blank2 = [[Lotha language|Lotha]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797100
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#NL.E2.80.94Nagaland|NL]]-01
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 934 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Lakhüti''' is a [[Lotha Naga|Lotha]] [[Naga people|Naga]] village located 127 km north of [[Kohima]], the capital of [[Nagaland]]. Lakhüti is located in Aitepyong Circle of [[Wokha District]], Nagaland. The village is bounded by Akuk village to the North, Pangti and Okotso villages to the East, Sunglup village and Baghty valley to the South and Yimpang village to the West. The nearest highway from the village is Sanis town which is 18 km drive from the village. The village has one Govt. High School and one Private High School-Don Bosco School, Lakhuti. Aitepyong hill top is the highest point in the village which is located at 1,210 m elevation from the mean sea level. Climate ranges from tropical at Baghty valley to sub-tropical at the village area.

==Demographics==
Lakhuti has a total households of 1,077 with a population of 7,614 of which 3,937 are males and 3,677 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref name=demographics/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakhüti}}
[[Category:Villages in Wokha district]]

The National Medical Journal of India

2025-11-19T02:14:07Z

MichalKohn: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{Infobox journal
| title = The National Medical Journal of India
| cover =
| former_name =
| abbreviation = Natl. Med. J. India
| discipline = [[Medicine]]
| language =
| editor = Peush Sahni
| publisher = [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
| country = India
| history = 1988–present
| frequency = Bimonthly
| openaccess = Yes
| license =
| impact = 0.595
| impact-year = 2011
| ISSN = 0970-258X
| eISSN =
| CODEN =
| JSTOR =
| LCCN =
| OCLC = 609713856
| website = http://www.nmji.in
| link1 = http://www.nmji.in/archives/index.asp
| link1-name = Online access
| link2 = http://www.nmji.in/archives/archives/archives.htm
| link2-name = Online archive
}}
'''''The National Medical Journal of India''''' is a bimonthly [[peer-reviewed]] [[medical journal]] that was established in 1988. It is published by the [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]. It is abstracted and indexed in [[Index Medicus]] ([[MEDLINE|Medline]]), [[Current Contents]]/Clinical Medicine, [[Excerpta Medica]], [[BIOSIS Previews]], and the [[Science Citation Index]]. According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2011 [[impact factor]] of 0.595.<ref name=WoS>{{cite book |year=2012 |chapter=The National Medical Journal of India |title=2011 [[Journal Citation Reports]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |edition=Science |series=[[Web of Science]] |postscript=.}}</ref>

Article types include Editorials, Original Articles, Review Articles, Selected Summaries, Letters from Chennai, Mumbai, London, and Glasgow, Clinical Case Reports, Book Reviews, Clinico-pathological Conferences, Everyday Practice, [[Entertainment journalism|Masala]], and News from Here and There.

The founding [[editor-in-chief]] was Samiran Nundy (1988–1996). Later editors have been K.S. Reddy (1997–2003) and Peush Sahni (2004–present).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.nmji.in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Medical Journal of India, The}}
[[Category:General medical journals]]
[[Category:Bimonthly journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals established in 1988]]
[[Category:English-language journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals published in India]]
[[Category:Academic journals associated with universities and colleges]]

Bhageerath

2025-10-13T00:11:51Z

MichalKohn: started the article w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{for|the legendary king of the Ikshvaku dynasty|Bhagiratha}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = '''Dharmamahārājadhirāja'''
| image =
| caption =
| succession = King of the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba Kingdom]]
| reign = c. 385 - 410 CE
| predecessor = [[Kangavarma]]
| successor = [[Raghu (Kadamba king)|Raghu]]
| spouse =
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Raghu (Kadamba king)|Raghu]]
* [[Kakusthavarma]]
}}
| house = [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]]
}}
{{Banavasi Kadamba Kings Infobox}}
'''Bhageerath''' (reigned c. 385 – 410 CE{{sfn|Karashima|2014|p=369}}) was a king of the [[Kadamba dynasty]] in [[South India]]. He succeeded his father [[Kangavarma]] on the Kadamba throne.
==Life==
Bhageerath is praised as a "king loved by his kingdom just as a husband is held dear by his bride". In the royal pillar inscription at Talagunda, he is described as the "sole lord" of the [[national personification|lady that is the Kadamba country]]. According to historian [[George M. Moraes]], this phrase is meant to imply that Bhageerath had strengthened and consolidated his kingdom and established himself as the sole monarch of the Kadamba lands, perhaps after vanquishing his foes.{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=19}}

Several scholars identify Bhageerath with the unnamed "ruler of the [[Kuntala country]]" or ''Kuntaleshwara'' who received an embassy from the [[Gupta dynasty|Gupta]] emperor [[Chandragupta Vikramaditya]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|pp=19-21}}<ref name = "vga">{{cite book |author1=K.A. Nilakanta Sastri |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |editor2-last=Altekar |editor2-first=A.S. |title=The Vakataka-Gupta Age |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsi Dass |isbn=9788120800434 |page=220}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=R. Sathianathaier|editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R.C. |title=The Classical Age |date=1997 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=272 |edition=Fifth}}</ref> This embassy was led by the famous poet [[Kalidasa]], and was mentioned in the ''Sringaraprakasika'' of the poet Bhoja as well as in two other later works, the ''Kavyamimamsa'' of [[Rajashekhara (Sanskrit poet)|Rajashekhara]] and the ''Auchityavicharacharcha'' of [[Kshemendra]]. One of the primary purposes of this embassy seems to have been to negotiate a marriage alliance between the two royal houses.{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=22}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |date=1999 |publisher=New Age Publishers |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |page=468}}</ref> The establishment of such diplomatic relations with the leading figures of India at the time shows the high status and prestige that King Bhageerath and his country must have enjoyed.{{or?|date=June 2024}}

Bhageerath had at least two sons, named [[Raghu (Kadamba king)|Raghu]] and [[Kakusthavarma]]. Raghu, the eldest son, seems to have been greatly fond of war and relished personally partaking in battles, as his face is described as being "marked with the weapons of his enemies in combat with opposing warriors".{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=23}} Kakusthavarma, the younger son, is known to have entered into marital relations with the Guptas,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=K.A. Nilakanta |title=A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar |date=1961 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=111 |edition=Third}}</ref> perhaps as a result of the Gupta embassy sent to his father's court.{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=22}} Upon Bhageerath's death, Raghu ascended the Kadamba throne, while Kakusthavarma was appointed as ''Yuvaraja'' or [[Crown Prince]] and would eventually become king as well.<ref name = "vga"/>

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Karashima |first=Noboru |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpdVoAEACAAJ }}
* {{citation |last=Moraes |first=George M. |authorlink=George M. Moraes |year=1931 |title=The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22295 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=81-206-0595-0 }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:4th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:4th-century Hindus]]
[[Category:5th-century Hindus]]
[[Category:Kadamba kings]]

Bhojasar, Phalodi

2025-08-10T14:43:14Z

MichalKohn: started some stub from scratch

{{Other uses|Bhojasar (disambiguation){{!}}Bhojasar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhojasar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.228|N|72.804|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Phalodi district|Phalodi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 232
| population_total = 1612
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Phalodi district|Phalodi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Phalodi]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{convert|45|km|mi}} ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank3_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Jodhpur]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{convert|126|km|mi}} ([[National highways of India|land]])
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = 46-48 °C
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = 0-4 °C
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 342311
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-2925
| registration_plate = RJ-43
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhojasar''' is a village within the [[Phalodi]] [[tehsil|administrative region]] of [[Phalodi district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. The village lies {{Convert|45|km}} east of [[Phalodi district|Phalodi]]. It is situated in the [[Jodhpur division]] and {{Convert|126|km}} north from [[Jodhpur]]. Phalodi District was established on 7 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पोर्टल, राजस्थान सरकार |url=https://phalodi.rajasthan.gov.in/sm/jankalyan-category-and-entry-type/357930/1285/4/1 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=phalodi.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> Before that village used to be a part of Jodhpur district with Phalodi Tehsil.

The {{convert|490|hectare|km2}} village has an overall population of about 1612<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhojasar Village Population - Jodhpur, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/84260-bhojasar-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1072/download/3302/DH_2011_0815_PART_A_DCHB_JODHPUR.pdf |title=Census of India 2011: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS |year=2011 |pages=258 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It was 1362 in 2001 census.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43876/download/47567/DH_08_2001_JOD.pdf |title=CENSUS OF INDIA 2001: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK, Jodhpur District |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Rajasthan |year=2006 |pages=116 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Most of the villagers are dependent on farming and labour works.

==References==
<references/>
{{Phalodi district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Phalodi district]]

{{Rajasthan-geo-stub}}

Kanishk Seth (cricketer)

2025-07-31T20:23:37Z

MichalKohn: put up new entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Kanishk Seth
| image =
| country =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|11|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| club1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| year1 = 2015–2018
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| year2 = 2020/21–2023
| club3 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| year3 = 2024/25–present

| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 3
| runs1 = 82
| bat avg1 = 41.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 32[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 528
| wickets1 = 7
| bowl avg1 = 41.57
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/77
| catches/stumpings1 = 2/–

| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 17
| runs2 = 117
| bat avg2 = 10.63
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 32
| deliveries2 = 828
| wickets2 = 23
| bowl avg2 = 34.56
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/59
| catches/stumpings2 = 4/–

| column3 =[[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 =28
| runs3 = 53
| bat avg3 = 8.83
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 22[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 574
| wickets3 = 33
| bowl avg3 = 23.03
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/23
| catches/stumpings3 = 13/–
| date = 27 April 2025
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/849737.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Kanishk Seth''' (born 4 November 1997) is an Indian [[cricket]]er. He plays [[Twenty20 cricket]] for [[Railways cricket team|Railways]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/849737.html |title=Kanishk Seth |access-date=7 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Bengal in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 28 February 2017.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053767.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group C: Bengal v Goa at Chennai, Feb 28, 2017 |access-date=26 February 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for Bengal in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]] on 6 October 2017.<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1118623.html |title=Group D, Ranji Trophy at Delhi, Oct 6-9 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=849737}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seth, Kanishk}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kolkata]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1997-stub}}

Wangkhem Sandhyarani Devi

2025-07-31T01:41:33Z

MichalKohn: improve citations after review and added references

{{short description|Indian martial art athlete from Manipur|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sandhyarani Devi Wangkhem
| image = The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2011 to Ms. Wangkhem Sandhyarani Devi for Wushu, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2011.jpg
| caption = The President [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] presenting the [[Arjuna Award]] for the year-2011 to Wangkhem Sandhyarani Devi for Wushu.
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|1 February 1983}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| weight = 60 kg
| country = India
| sport = [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]
| event = [[Sanda (sport)|Sanda]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Sanda (sport)|Sanda]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[World Wushu Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze| [[2013 World Wushu Championships|2013 Kuala Lumpur]] | 60 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver| [[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]] |60 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Martial Arts Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver| [[2009 Asian Martial Arts Games|2009 Bangkok]] |56 kg}}
}}
'''Sandhyarani Devi Wangkhem''' (born 1 February 1983)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gz2010.cn/info/ENG_ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WU@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_number=219633.html |title=- Sandhyarani devi Profile |access-date=14 December 2010 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008015921/http://www.gz2010.cn/info/ENG_ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WU@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ENG_number=219633.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> is an Indian [[martial art]] athlete from [[Manipur]],<ref>[http://way2online.com/?p=103120 - Asian Games wushu: Sandhyarani settles for a silver ]</ref> who participates in Women's Sanshou ([[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]) 56 kg category.

Sandhyarani won a Silver medal at the [[2010 Asian Games]] in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]]. Fighting with a calf injury, she was defeated by Iranian [[Khadijeh Azadpour]], who was the defending champion in 60 kg category. She had sustained the injury in the semi-final win against [[Laos]]' Paloy Barckkam, due to this her kicking ability was severely hampered <ref>[http://tprone.com/tag/sandhyarani-devi-wangkhem/ - Sandhyarani Devi Wangkhem Wins Silver for India in Women’s Wushu Sanshou in the Asian Games 2010 : Guangzhou]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and she had to play defensively. Sandhyarani fought in 60 kg category as the 56 kg category was not included in the games schedule.

She has previously won a Bronze medal in 2008 Asian Championships in [[Macau]] and Silver medal at [[2009 Asian Martial Arts Games]] in Women's Sanshou 56 kg.

Sandhyarani is a [[Central Reserve Police Force]] constable and hails from eastern state of Manipur. She belongs to the Thoubal district where the freestyle form of Sanshou is popular.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/wushu-wondergirl/712854/0 - Wushu Wonder Girl - IndianExpress]</ref> Sandhyarani was a boxer but later shifted to Wushu since it was more all-round.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/specials/2010/nov/281110-wushu-asian-martial-arts-sandhyarani-devi-wangkhem.htm |title=Mumbai reports 1,011 new Covid-19 cases, 2 deaths; active tally at 5,852 |publisher=Mid-day.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-19}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Wangkhem Sandhyarani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in wushu]]
[[Category:Indian sanshou practitioners]]
[[Category:Wushu practitioners at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Wushu practitioners at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Martial artists from Manipur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]

{{India-martialart-bio-stub}}

Indian Telly Award for Best Child Artiste – Female

2025-05-28T00:20:01Z

MichalKohn: new

{{Short description|Indian awards for TV serials}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] for Best Child Artiste – Female
| awarded_for = Best performance by a female child actor in a comic role on television
| presenter = [http://www.indiantelevision.com IndianTelevision.com]
| country = [[India]]
| holder = Asmi Deol for [[Anupamaa]]
| year = 2003
| website = [http://www.indiantellyawards.com Indian Telly Awards]
}}

'''Indian Telly Award for Best Child Artiste – Female''' is an [[award]] given by [http://www.indiantelevision.com Indiantelevision.com] as part of its annual [[Indian Telly Awards]] for TV serials, to recognize a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance on television.

The award was first awarded in 2003 under the title '''TV Child Artiste of the Year''' for a performance by either sex. Next year, it was officially divided into two separate categories to acknowledge both male and female actors individually.

==Superlatives==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|- style="height:4.5em;"
! style="width:350px;"|[[wikt:superlative|Superlative]]
! colspan="2" style="width:600px;"|Best Child Artiste – Female
|- style="height:4.5em;"
| style="width:350px;"|Actress with most awards
| style="width:500px;"|[[Swini Khara]] [[Avika Gor]]
| style="width:100px;"|2
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|Actress with most nominations
| style="width:500px;"|Chinky Jaiswal
| style="width:100px;"|5
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|Actress with most nominations (without ever winning)
| style="width:500px;"|Tanvi Hegde
| style="width:100px;"|3
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|}

== List of winners ==

=== Child Artiste of the Year ===
*'''2001''' ''Not Awarded''
*'''2002''' ''Not Awarded''
*'''2003''' '''[[Hansika Motwani]]''' – '''''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''''' as '''Tina''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915081219/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115839/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Mausami – ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' as Saawari
**Swapnali Kulkarni – ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Kuki
**Tanvi Hegde – ''[[Sonpari]]'' as Frooty
**''Male nominees''

=== Child Artiste – Female ===

*'''2004''' '''[[Shriya Sharma]]''' – '''''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''''' as '''Sneha''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-date=2018-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175611/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Tanvi Hegde – ''[[Sonpari]]'' as Frooty
**[[Hansika Motwani]] – ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'' as Tina
**Akshita Garud – ''[[Kumkum (TV series)|Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]'' as Roshini
**Richa Bhadra – ''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]'' as Chakki
*'''2005''' '''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi|Chinky Jaiswal]]''' – '''''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''''' as '''Bhoomi''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175616/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025305/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Tanvi Hegde – ''[[Sonpari]]'' as Frooty
**[[Shriya Sharma]] – ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Sneha
**Chinky Jaiswal – ''[[Kkusum]]'' as Simi
*'''2006''' '''[[Swini Khara]]''' – '''''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''''' as '''Chaitali Thakkar''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards winners|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213148/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Chinky Jaiswal – ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'' as Vedika
**Chinky Jaiswal – ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' as Preetha
**Khushi Dubey – ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]'' as Sur
*'''2007''' '''[[Swini Khara]]''' – '''''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''''' as '''Chaitali Thakkar''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722173647/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|archive-date=2012-07-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-date=2018-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073650/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Rudrakshi – ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Kanishta
**Rudrakshi – ''[[Kayamath]]'' as Prachi
**Chinky Jaiswal – ''[[Durgesh Nandinii]]'' as Nikita
**Benazir Shaikh – ''[[Agadam Bagdam Tigdam]]'' as Sonia Malhotra
*'''2008''' '''[[Avika Gor]]''' – '''''[[Balika Vadhu]]''''' as '''Anandi''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911083458/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|archive-date=2018-09-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 video|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7w1xy_31-december-indian-telly-awards-200_shortfilms}}</ref>
**Khushi Dubey – ''[[Naaginn (2007 TV series)|Naaginn – Waadon Ki Agniparikshaa]]'' as Amrita
**[[Ishita Panchal]] – ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'' as Rani
**[[Ahsaas Channa]] – ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' as Ganga
**[[Swini Khara]] – ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]'' as Chaitali Thakkar
*'''2009''' '''[[Avika Gor]]''' – '''''[[Balika Vadhu]]''''' as '''Anandi'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211052223/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|archive-date=2012-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|archive-date=2016-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Ishita Panchal]] – ''[[Uttaran]]'' as Tapasya
**[[Sparsh Khanchandani]] – ''[[Uttaran]]'' as Ichchha
**[[Zaynah Vastani]] – ''[[Aapki Antara]]'' as Antara
**Akshita Rajput – ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'' as Mongi
*'''2010''' '''[[Ulka Gupta]]''' – '''''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''''' as '''Manu''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2010 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|access-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016040245/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Avika Gor]] – ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' as Anandi
**Prachi Deshmukh – ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' as Tani
**[[Reem Sheikh]] – ''[[Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi]]'' as Devi
**[[Saloni Daini]] – ''[[Comedy Circus|Comedy Circus – Maha Sangram]]'' as Saloni
*'''2011''' '''No Award'''
*'''2012''' '''[[Aanchal Munjal]]''' – '''''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''''' as ''' ''' aka '''Raave Ahuja'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2012 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702115232/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |archivedate=2 July 2012 }}</ref>
**[[Sparsh Khanchandani]] – ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]'' as Raashi Ahuja
**[[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat Zubair Rehmani]] – ''[[Phulwa]]'' as Phulwa
**Khusali Hirani – ''Haar Jeet'' as Mahika
**[[Palak Jain (actress, active since 2003)|Palak Jain]] – ''[[Veer Shivaji]]'' as Rani Saibai
*'''2013''' '''[[Amrita Mukherjee]]''' – '''''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''''' as '''Pihu Ram Kapoor ''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2013 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425010425/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php |archivedate=25 April 2015 }}</ref>
**Harishita Ojha – ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]'' as Veera Kaur Sampooran Singh
**[[Ahsaas Channa]] – ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' as Ashok Sundari
**[[Ashnoor Kaur]] – ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]'' as Navika Mohan Bhatnagar
**Palak Dey – ''[[Punar Vivah]]'' as Palak Yash Sindhia
* '''2014 [[Ruhanika Dhawan]]''' – '''''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''''' as '''Ruhi Raman Bhalla'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|title=Telly awards 2015 Nominees|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420095547/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|archivedate=2016-04-20}}</ref>
**[[Harshita Ojha]] – ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]'' as Veera
**[[Roshni Walia]] – ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' as Ajabde Punwar
**Drishti Hemdev – ''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]'' as Misthi
* '''2015 Ruhana Khanna – ''Gangaa'' as Gangaa''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|title=Telly Awards 2015 Popular Nominees and Winners|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420095547/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|archivedate=2016-04-20}}</ref>
**[[Ruhanika Dhawan]] – ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' as Ruhi Raman Bhalla
**[[Spandan Chaturvedi]] – [[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]] as Chakor
*'''2019 Aakriti Sharma – [[Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala|Kullfi Kumar Bajewala]] as Kulfi'''
*'''2023 Asmi Deol – [[Anupamaa]] as Anu Kapadia'''

== See also ==

* [[Indian Telly Award for Best Child Artiste – Male]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Telly Awards}}
{{Indian Telly Award Best Child Actor}}

[[Category:Indian Telly Awards]]
[[Category:Awards for actresses]]
[[Category:Awards for young actors]]

Sharada (Malayalam women's magazine)

2025-05-21T18:09:17Z

MichalKohn: Creating the article from scratch

{{short description|Second Malayalam women's magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
'''Sharada''', the second Malayalam women's magazines to be published in [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rekha |first=P. |title=Women and Journalism in Colonial Kerala |publisher=Department of History, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit |year=2016 |location=Kalady |pages=84–86}}</ref> was started in November 1904 from Thripunithura, Kochi.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Editorial |journal=Sharada |volume=1 |pages=3}}</ref> ''Sharada'' was edited by [[B. Kalyani Amma]], [[T. C. Kalyani Amma|T.C. Kalyani Amma]] and T. Ammukutty Amma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumari E.K. |first=Swarna |date=2001 |title=WOMENS' MAGAZINES IN KERALA AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44155817 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=62 |pages=705–708 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> It was the first women's magazine to be edited by women in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Awaya |first=Toshie |title=Gender and Modernity: Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific |publisher=Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press |year=2003 |pages=41–60 |chapter=Becoming a 'Female Citizen' in Colonial Kerala}}</ref> K. Narayana Menon was the owner of the magazine and it was printed at Bharathi Vilasam Press.

The printing of ''Sharada'' came to a stop in three years. It was restarted in the next year from Thiruvananthapuram. ''Sharada'' was in print till 1908 under the patronage of K. Ramakrishna Pillai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Priyadarsanan |first=G. |title=Masikapatanangal |publisher=Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. |year=2017 |location=Kottayam |pages=80 |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

After a break, the magazine was restarted in 1913 under the editorship of Kalyani Amma and other women writers and social activists. This time it went on till 1925. This magazine was published by T.K. Kalyanikutty Amma from Punalur.<ref name=":0" /> It was different from the original ''Sharada''. ''Sharada'' was quite popular for its time with a publication figure of 750 in the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Travancore Almanac & Directory 1921 |publisher=Government Press |year=1921 |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Madras Year Book 1923 with an Official, Commercial and General Directory of the Madras Presidency |publisher=Government Press |year=1923 |location=Madras}}</ref>

''Sharada'' carried articles on social issues and other topics. It was started with the aim to educate and bring about the development of Malayali women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-31 |title=Women's History: An Overview of Early Malayalam Periodicals for Women |url=https://samyuktajournal.in/journal/index.php/sgc/article/view/66 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=Samyukta: A Journal of Gender and Culture |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Malayalam journalism}}

[[Category:Magazines established in the 1900s]]
[[Category:Women's magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language magazines]]

Dihi Kalas

2025-05-20T00:25:39Z

MichalKohn: details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dihi Kalas
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2463|N|88.3425|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_type3 = CD block
| subdivision_name3 = [[Magrahat II]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.16
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| population_total = 11494
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 743609
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 3174
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-19 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-22, [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-95 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-99
| blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar (SC)]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Magrahat Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Magrahat Purba (SC)]]
| website = {{URL|www.s24pgs.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dihi Kalas''' is a [[census town]] and a [[gram panchayat]] within the jurisdiction of the [[Magrahat]] police station in the [[Magrahat II]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Diamond Harbour subdivision]] of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|9|0|N|88|21|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the eastern part of Diamond Harbour subdivision (including Magrahat I & II, Mandirbazar, Mathurapur I & II CD blocks) in South 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|19|40|N|88|16|17|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Ajodhyanagar| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ajodhyanagar]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|18|56|N|88|16|6|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Sirakol| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Sirakol]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|16|25|N|88|18|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Uttar Bishnupur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Uttar Bishnupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|14|15|N|88|17|14|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Ghola Noapara| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Ghola Noapara]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|14|50|N|88|16|20|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Usthi| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Usthi]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|12|55|N|88|17|21|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Barijpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Barijpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|13|30|N|88|18|4|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Uttar Kusum| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Uttar Kusum]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|12|50|N|88|20|10|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Kalikapota| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Kalikapota]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|12|0|N|88|20|31|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Bamna| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Bamna, Magrahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|15|40|N|88|17|36|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Baneswarpur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Baneswarpur]] (R)|shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|17|55|N|88|23|46|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Dhamua| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Dhamua]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|17|20|N|88|23|17|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Shyampur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Shyampur, Magrahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|17|15|N|88|21|0|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13=Nainan| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Nainan]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|16|35|N|88|21|40|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Uttar Kalas| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Uttar Kalas]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|15|40|N|88|20|33|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Dihi Kalas| numbered15=CT| mark-title15= Dihi Kalas (CT)|shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|14|10|N|88|21|16|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Swangrampur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Swangrampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|13|25|N|88|22|16|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Bilandapur| numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Bilandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|50|N|88|22|42|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Magrahat| numbered18=CT| mark-title18= [[Magrahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|9|44|N|88|21|36|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19=Chandpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19= [[Chandpur, Mandirbazar]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|10|20|N|88|24|35|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Bangsidharpur| numbered20=CT| mark-title20= [[Bangsidharpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|9|5|N|88|23|30|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=Purba Bishnupur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Purba Bishnupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|9|47|N|88|19|32|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Mandirbazar| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Mandirbazar]] (R)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|7|57|N|88|20|25|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Krishnapur| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Krishnapur, Mandirbazar]] (R)|shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|7|10|N|88|25|39|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24=Krishna Chandrapur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24= [[Krishna Chandrapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|7|13|N|88|23|39|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=Mathurapur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25= [[Mathurapur, South 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|8|40|N|88|26|0|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Purba Ranaghat| numbered26=CT| mark-title26= [[Purba Ranaghat]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|7|49|N|88|25|23|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27=Lalpur| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Lalpur, Mathurapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|0|4|N|88|26|7|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Raidighi| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Raidighi]] (R)|shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|2|12|N|88|26|43|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Baribhanga Abad| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Baribhanga Abad]] (R)|shape-color29=#C42222
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|6|30|N|88|19|15|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30= Lakshmikantapur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Lakshmikantapur]] (R)|shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|21|59|55|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos31=bottom|label31= Jatar Deul| numbered31=T| mark-title31= [[Jatar Deul]] (T)|shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|0|30|N|88|10|15|E}}| label32=Hooghly River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=-65| label-pos32=right| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32=none}}

===Area overview===
Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 [[census town]]s. The entire district is situated in the [[Ganges Delta]] and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South Twety-four Parganas|work= Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 13, Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, p 290-311 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 5 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Location===
Dihi Kalas is located at {{coord|22.2463|N|88.3425|E|display=inline}}

[[Uttar Kalas]], Dihi Kalas, [[Swangrampur]] and after a small gap [[Magrahat]] and [[Bilandapur]] form a cluster of census towns in the south-east corner of the Magrahat II CD block, as per the map of the Magrahat II CD block in the ''District Census Handbook'' for the South 24 Parganas. [[Dhamua]], [[Shyampur, Magrahat|Shyampur]] and [[Nainan]] form another cluster of census towns closeby in the Magrahat II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 419 - Map of Magrahat II CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 19 November 2019}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Dihi Kalas had a total population of 11,494 of which 5,906 (51%) were males and 5,588 (49%) were females. There were 1,779 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literates in Dihi Kalas was 7,131 (73.40% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 16 November 2019}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Dihi Kalash covered an area of 3.1646 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 13 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved overhead tank. It had 300 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 maternity and child welfare centre, a dispensary/ health centre 1.5 km away, a family welfare centre 1.5 km away, a nursing home 0.45 km away, a veterinary hospital 1.5 km away and 1 medicine shop in the town. Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, the nearest secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at [[Uttar Kalas]] 1 km away, the nearest general degree college at [[Magrahat]] 3 km away. Important commodities it produced were: feather duster and embroidery. It had the branch of a nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook South Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 999-1006 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 19 November 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[Magra Hat railway station]] is located nearby.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-diamond-harbour-local-34814/17067/325/8018#st | title = 34814 Sealdah-Diamond Harbour Local | work = Time Table | publisher = India Rail Info | access-date = 17 November 2019}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Magrahat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at [[Magrahat]], is the major government medical facility in the Magrahat II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 26 November 2019 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in South 24 Parganas district]]

Video Cam Scam

2025-05-02T18:53:57Z

MichalKohn:

{{Short description|2024 Indian Series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Video Cam Scam.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] [[Crime fiction|Crime]] [[Drama film|Drama]]
| creator = Pavan Malu
| screenplay = Pavan Malu Arpit Vageria '''Dialogues:''' Arpit Vageria
| director = Vaibhav Khisti
| starring = [[Rajneesh Duggal]] [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] [[Farnaz Shetty]] Kunj Anand Aradhana Sharma [[Rahul Singh (actor)|Rahul Singh]] Pritam Singh
| music = Geet Vani Reenam Jain
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| executive_producer = Swapnil Bhangale
| producer = Pavan Malu
| cinematography = Amey V. Chavan
| editor = Ramesh Naidu
| runtime = 26–31 minutes
| company = Blue Drop Films
| network = [[Epic On]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|01|12|df=y}}
}}
'''''Video Cam Scam''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime thriller]] streaming television series directed by Vaibhav Khisti for [[Epic On]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-17 |title='Exploring various avenues,' Rajniesh Duggall to headline 'VideoCam Scam' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/exploring-various-avenues-rajniesh-duggall-to-headline-videocam-scam/articleshow/101065486.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145356/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/exploring-various-avenues-rajniesh-duggall-to-headline-videocam-scam/articleshow/101065486.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Rajneesh Duggal]] and [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] in lead roles, along with [[Farnaz Shetty]], Kunj Anand and Aradhana Sharma in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepfake Video से परेशान हैं एक्ट्रेस Aradhana Sharma, बोलीं- मेंटली नुकसान पहुंचाते हैं ऐसे वीडियो |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/actress-aradhana-sharma-is-troubled-by-deepfake-video-said-such-videos-cause-mental-harm-6637593/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Pragya |date=2024-01-12 |title=Exclusive: Amruta Khanvilkar: "Why Do We Talk About Deepfakes ONLY When It Happens To An Actor?" |url=https://hauterrfly.com/entertainment/exclusive-amrita-khanvilkar-opinion-on-deepfakes-celebrities-cases-rashmika-mandanna-sunny-leone-common-people-video-cam-scam-epicon/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Hauterrfly |language=en-US}}</ref> The series is produced by Blue Drop Films and In10Media Pvt. Ltd.{{cn|date=February 2024|reason=Removed unreliable source}} The series is based on real-life events about [[cybercrime]] and [[sextortion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajniesh Duggall to star in VideoCam Scam web series |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/jun/17/rajniesh-duggall-to-star-in-videocam-scam-web-series-44707.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=17 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पुलिस अफसर को अश्लील वीडियो से पत्नी बचाएगी?, 'सेक्सटॉर्शन' की कहानी, रजनीश अमृता की जुबानी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/video-cam-scam-will-wife-save-police-officer-from-obscene-video-story-of-sextortion-in-rajneesh-amruta-words-2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106180040/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/video-cam-scam-will-wife-save-police-officer-from-obscene-video-story-of-sextortion-in-rajneesh-amruta-words-2024-01-06 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The series premiered on 12 January 2024, on Epic On.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MBDesk |date=2024-01-04 |title=EPIC ON to tackle Sextortion scams in upcoming web series 'Video Cam Scam' |url=https://mediabrief.com/epic-on-to-tackle-sextortion-scams-in-upcoming-web-series-video-cam-scam/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=MediaBrief |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The sextortion scam in which Vinay Kumar, an honest 35-year-old police sub-inspector, inadvertently falls prey to the video calling app by Sonu, Tittu, and Sweety, and how his life goes haywire in a snap of a finger. Concerning his wife and family's respect for him and his long-standing reputation, he worries about these things. Despite the challenging times the couple has gone through, his wife plays an important role in identifying the people behind these frauds.

== Cast ==

=== Main ===
* [[Rajneesh Duggal]] as Vinay Kumar
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Priya Kumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=अमृता खानविलकरकडून चाहत्यांना नववर्षाचं सरप्राईज! 'या' हिंदी सीरिजमध्ये साकारणार महत्त्वाची भूमिका, पाहा पहिली झलक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ott/amruta-khanvilkar-will-play-important-role-in-video-cam-scam-series-sva-00-4140625/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
* Kunj Anand as Tittu
* [[Farnaz Shetty]] as Sweety
* Aradhana Sharma as Sonu<ref>{{Cite web |title=I believe in spreading awareness about morphing, deep fake videos: Aradhana Sharma |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1155997 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106180040/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1155997 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Rahul Singh (actor)|Rahul Singh]] as Ajay Singh
* Pritam Singh as Gupta Ji
* [[Mehul Buch]] as Vinod Kumar
* [[Shubhangi Latkar]] as Poonam Kumar
* Hansika Jangid as Shreya Kumar

=== Recurring ===

* Jitendra Kumar as Babbulal
* Vignesh Pande as News anchor
* Sonali Jhariya as Sakina Khan
* Kapil Yashraj as Jeweller
* Khem Prasad as Nepali watchman
* Noor Mohammad Solanki as Old man
* Deepak Rawat as Smith
* Shyam Jethani as Massage parlour owner
* Vipul Verma as Joseph
* Amit Jat as Corporate employee
* Swapnil Srivastav as Monty
* Aadarash Chaurasiya as Kanpuriya boy

== Production ==
[[Principal photography]] took place from May until July 2023. The primary locations for the shooting of the series included [[Indore]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=Video Cam Scam : वेब सीरीज 'वीडियो कैम स्कैम' एपिकऑन पर रिली |url=https://www.betulupdate.com/video-cam-scam-web-series-video-cam-scam-re/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113073532/https://www.betulupdate.com/video-cam-scam-web-series-video-cam-scam-re/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Raaton ka Nasha
| length1 = 1:18
| lyrics1 = Geet Vani, Pavan Malu
| music1 = Geet Vani
| extra1 = Chetna Bhardwaj
| title2 = Money Waar
| length2 = 0:59
| lyrics2 = Geet Vani, Pavan Malu
| music2 = Geet Vani
| extra2 = Geet Vani, Mansi Bhardwaj
| total_length = 2:17
}}

== Release ==
In July 2023, Epic On announced the series officially. The trailer was released on 28 December 2023. The series released on 12 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Pragya |date=2024-01-10 |title=What To Watch This Week Of January 8 To 14: Merry Christmas, Killer Soup, Video Cam Scam, And More |url=https://hauterrfly.com/entertainment/what-to-watch-this-week-of-january-8-to-14-merry-christmas-killer-soup-video-cam-scam-movies-series-release-dates-ott/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Hauterrfly |language=en-US |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110154016/https://hauterrfly.com/entertainment/what-to-watch-this-week-of-january-8-to-14-merry-christmas-killer-soup-video-cam-scam-movies-series-release-dates-ott/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Within a month, the series surpassed 100 million streams.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=Video Cam Scam: Rajniesh Duggal and Amruta Khanvilkar's Thrilling Show on EPIC ON Surpasses 100 Million Streams {{!}} 📺 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/tv/video-cam-scam-rajniesh-duggal-and-amruta-khanvilkars-thrilling-show-on-epic-on-surpasses-100-million-streams-5729942.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=LatestLY |language=en |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201151646/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/tv/video-cam-scam-rajniesh-duggal-and-amruta-khanvilkars-thrilling-show-on-epic-on-surpasses-100-million-streams-5729942.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28114929}}
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]
[[Category:Courtroom dramas]]
[[Category:2020s crime drama television series]]
[[Category:Television shows filmed in India]]
[[Category:Television series about journalism]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]

Ajay Kalsi

2025-04-15T17:53:03Z

MichalKohn: corrected article for clarity

{{Short description|Indian billionaire businessman}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ajay Kalsi
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1960|10}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| citizenship = Indian
| education = [[Scindia School|The Scindia School, Gwalior]]
| alma_mater = [[London School of Economics]] ([[BSc]]) [[University of Cambridge]] ([[MPhil]])
| occupation = Businessman
| years_active =
| employer =
| known_for = Founder and CEO, [[Indus Gas]]
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| boards = Indus Gas
| spouse = Married
| partner =
| children = 2
| parents =
| website = {{URL|http://www.indusgas.com/}}
}}

'''Ajay Kalsi''' (born October 1960) is an Indian [[billionaire]] businessman, the owner of a range of companies in oil and gas, footwear, commodity trading, real estate and business process outsourcing.

==Early life==
Ajay Kalsi was born in October 1960,<ref name=CH>{{cite web|title=BARKER SHOES LIMITED|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00133893/officers|website=Companies House|accessdate=29 July 2015}}</ref> educated at the [[Scindia School]],{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} and received a bachelor's degree in economics from the [[London School of Economics]] followed by a master's degree in economics from [[Cambridge University]].<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Ajay Kalsi|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ajay-kalsi/|website=Forbes|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="forbesindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/richest-indians-11/ajay-kalsi-a-selfmade-man-unafraid-to-take-risks/30022/1|title=Ajay Kalsi: A Self-Made Man Unafraid to Take Risks - Forbes India|author=|date=|website=Forbes India|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref>

==Career==
Kalsi inherited a shoe business in Kanpur, India from his family.<ref name=Forbes />

Kalsi founded [[Indus Gas]], and is its CEO. He is the chairman of [[Focus Energy Limited]]. He has been a director of Indus Gas since April 2008 and is a director of Focus Energy Limited. Kalsi was a director of [[Phoenix International Ltd]] from April to December 2006. He is a member of the [[World Economic Forum]], where he has been designated a "[[Global Leader of Tomorrow]]".{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

As of November 2011, Kalsi and his wife owned 70% of Indus Gas, having sold 30% in January 2011, following a listing on London's [[Alternate Investment Market]].<ref name="forbesindia.com"/>

As of March 2015, Kalsi's net worth is estimated to be $1.2 billion, according to ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref name=Forbes/>

==Personal life==
Kalsi is married and lives in [[Delhi]], India.<ref name=Forbes /> In 2011, he was building a new wave pool for his daughter, the size of four Olympic swimming pools.<ref name="forbesindia.com"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalsi, Ajay}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]

Guru Gobind Singh Sports College

2025-03-21T19:35:32Z

MichalKohn: new

{{Short description|Sports college in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow
| native_name =
| image_name =
| image_size = 140px
| motto = क्रीड़ायाम् राष्ट्रस्य बलम्
| established = 1975
| type = [[Sports college]]
| city = [[Lucknow]]
| state = Uttar Pradesh
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|26.9331|80.9785|display=inline,title}}
| students = 345
| chairman =
| principal = Ajay Kumar Sethi<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-mudrika-became-the-principal-of-lucknow-sports-college-6513494.html | title=मुद्रिका बनीं लखनऊ स्पोर्ट्स कॉलेज की प्रधानाचार्य }}</ref>
| nickname =
| colors =
| affiliation = Uttar Pradesh Sports Colleges Society
| academic_affiliation = [[Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh|U.P. Board]]
| campus = [[Lucknow]]
| logo = Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow logo.jpg
| website = {{URL|sportscollegelko.in}}
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
}}

'''Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow''' is a residential [[sports college]] in [[Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | title=It's a lot about sports at kids' summer camps in Lucknow – Lucknow News | website=The Times of India | date=2019-06-10 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/its-a-lot-about-sports-at-kids-summer-camps-in-lucknow/articleshow/69725975.cms | access-date=2020-09-09}}</ref> It offers sports training in [[association football|football]], [[Field hockey|hockey]], [[wrestling]], athletics, [[badminton]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] and [[kabaddi]] in 6th to 12th standard and with the curriculum of [[Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh|U.P. Board]]. It is the first sports college established in [[Uttar Pradesh]] before [[Beer Bahadur Singh Sports College]] in [[Gorakhpur]] and [[Etawah district|Etawah]]'s [[Saifai Sports College]].

==Notable alumni==
*[[Jagbir Singh]], field hockey player<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://upsports.gov.in/pages/sportscollege-en/topmenubar/sportscollege-en-list-of-international-players |title=Official Website of Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Uttar Pradesh, India | List of International Players |access-date=17 April 2017 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920041725/http://upsports.gov.in/pages/sportscollege-en/topmenubar/sportscollege-en-list-of-international-players |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Mohinder Pal Singh]], field hockey player<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-7E_o8C-ps |title=हॉकी का एक सुनहरा अध्याय – मोहिंदर पाल सिंह की प्रेरक कहानी! {{!}} #LegendswithHarishSharma {{!}} #Hockey |date=2025-03-13 |last=Legends with Harish Sharma |access-date=2025-03-21 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
*[[Danish Mujtaba]], field hockey player<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Suresh Raina]], cricketer<ref name="auto"/>
*[[R. P. Singh]], cricketer<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Akash Mishra]], football player<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 15, 2020|first=Riddhiman|last=Dutta|title=Sky is not the limit for Akash Mishra|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/football/sky-is-not-the-limit-for-akash-mishra/articleshow/75164307.cms|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513062857/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/sport/football/sky-is-not-the-limit-for-akash-mishra/articleshow/75164307.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Dinesh Patel]], baseball pitcher<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Rinku Singh (wrestler)|Rinku Singh]], baseball pitcher<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Indrajeet Patel (runner)|Indrajeet Patel]], runner<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Narendra Hirwani]], cricketer<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Mritunjay Tripathi]], cricketer<ref name="auto"/>

==See also==
*[[Beer Bahadur Singh Sports College]]
*[[Major Dhyanchand Sports College]]
*[[Maharana Pratap Sports College]]
*[[Motilal Nehru School of Sports]]
*[[Lucknow Christian College]]

==External links==
*[http://sportscollegelko.in Official website]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sport schools in India]]
[[Category:Sport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Intermediate colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh Sports Colleges Society]]
[[Category:Sport in Lucknow]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1975]]

{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}
{{India-sports-venue-stub}}

Kotepally

2024-11-14T12:17:57Z

MichalKohn:

{{one source|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kotepally
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|23|3.5196|N|77|44|41.5392|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Kotepally
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 501106
| registration_plate = TG 34
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kotepally''' is a village in [[Vikarabad district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is located in Kotepally mandal of [[Vikarabad]] revenue division.<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Vikarabad district |url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130690987248.Vikarabad.pdf |website=New Districts Formation Portal |publisher=Government of Telangana |accessdate=23 March 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075154/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130690987248.Vikarabad.pdf |archivedate=12 October 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikarabad district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Vikarabad district]]

{{Vikarabad-geo-stub}}

Varatantu

2024-11-06T18:03:40Z

MichalKohn: Creating some details initial version

{{Short description|Sage in Hinduism}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| name = Varatantu
| affiliation = [[Rishi]]
| texts = [[Puranas]]
}}

'''Varatantu''' ({{Langx|sa|वरतन्तु|lit=boon-thread|translit=Varatantu}}) is a sage in [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-31 |title=Varatantu, Vara-tantu: 5 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/varatantu |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> He establishes a school of thought called Vāratantavīya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-05-09 |title=Varatantaviya, Vāratantavīya: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/varatantaviya |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Legend ==
Varatantu is featured in the [[Skanda Purana]], having a dialogue with [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] with other sages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-02-22 |title=Mārkaṇḍeya's Further Query [Chapter 3] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc370656.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

The disciple of Varatantu, Kautsa, seeks money from the [[Raghu]] in the [[Raghuvaṃśa|Raghuvamsha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maruvada |first=Surya N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krvTDwAAQBAJ&dq=varatantu+sage&pg=PT237 |title=Who is Who in Hindu Mythology - VOL 2: A Comprehensive Collection of Stories from the Pur??as |date=2020-03-02 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64805-686-4 |pages=237 |language=en}}</ref>

In regional tradition, he is believed to have had a large [[ashram]] in [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]] for the education of children in the kingdom of the second [[Ikshvaku dynasty|Raghu]], the grandfather of [[Rama]].

==See also==
*[[Bhrigu]]
*[[Markandeya]]
*[[Kapila]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Hindu mythology]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Varatantu}}

K. D. Deshmukh

2024-10-19T17:00:47Z

MichalKohn: minor fix layout additionally and added references as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
'''K. D. Deshmukh''' was the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruckus at Christian meet: 22 Bajrang men held, BJP men booked |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-16/india/28148317_1_bjp-workers-bjp-men-bajrang-men |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080950/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-16/india/28148317_1_bjp-workers-bjp-men-bajrang-men |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 April 2010 |accessdate=3 July 2010 }}</ref> Member of Parliament for [[Balaghat]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Your MPs don't care about Vidarbha |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-17/nagpur/28072515_1_marotrao-kowase-crucial-meeting-vilas-muttemwar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811081008/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-17/nagpur/28072515_1_marotrao-kowase-crucial-meeting-vilas-muttemwar |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 November 2009 |accessdate=3 July 2010 }}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, K. D.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from Balaghat]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

India at the 2003 World Indoor Championships in Athletics

2024-08-27T22:00:28Z

MichalKohn: put up some data added tags

{{one source|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox country at games
| IAAF = IND
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| games_link = 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships
| year = 2003
| games = World Indoor Championships in Athletics
| fedname = [[Athletics Federation of India]]
| website = https://indianathletics.in
| location = [[Birmingham]], [[UK]]
| date = 14–16 March 2003
| competitors = 1
| competitors_men = 0
| competitors_women = 1
| events = 1
| rank =
| gold = 0
| silver = 0
| bronze = 0
| appearances = auto
}}
'''India''' competed at the '''[[ 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships]]''' in [[Birmingham]], [[UK]] from 14th to 16th March 2003.<ref>{{cite web | title=Official Results of the World Indoor athletic championships 2003 | url=https://worldathletics.org/results/world-athletics-indoor-championships/2003/9th-iaaf-world-indoor-championships-6927294}}</ref>

==Results==

{{smalldiv|1=
;Key
*'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round
*'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
*'''NR''' = National record
*'''PB''' = Personal best
*'''SB''' = Season best
*'''NM''' = No Mark (Failed to register any distance)
*'''N/A''' = Round not applicable for the event}}

=== Women ===
'''Field events'''
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Position

|-style=text-align:center
|style=text-align:left|[[Anju Bobby George]]
| style="text-align:left"|[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's long jump|Long Jump]]
|6.40m
|7
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://worldathletics.org/results/world-athletics-indoor-championships/2003/9th-iaaf-world-indoor-championships-6927294]

{{India at the World Athletics Championships}}

[[Category:2003 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:India at the World Athletics Championships|2003]]
[[Category:2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships]]

List of awards received by Lata Mangeshkar

2024-05-31T15:16:52Z

MichalKohn: small changes

#REDIRECT [[List of awards and nominations received by Lata Mangeshkar]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Siyalag

2024-05-31T08:39:31Z

MichalKohn: Creating new stub v1

{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Siyalag
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|32.50|N|75.82|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kathua district|Kathua]]
| established_title = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,204
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 184201
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Siyalag''' is a village in [[Kathua district]] of the [[Union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maqbool |first=Umer |title=Ladakh to have headquarters both at Leh and Kargil |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/ladakh-to-have-headquarters-both-at-leh-and-kargil |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en}}</ref> As per [[2011 Census of India|Census 2011]] report, the location code or village code of Siyalag village is 001726. It is located 71 km away from [[Kathua]], which is the district headquarter & 28 km away from sub-district headquarter [[Basohli]] of Siyalag village. According to 2009 stats, Siyalag is the gram panchayat of Siyalag village.

The total geographical area in which this village is expanded is 820 hectares. Siyalag has a total population of 1,204 people. There are about 169 families residing in Siyalag village. [[Basohli]] is the nearest town to Siyalag village which is nearly 28 km away.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Siyalag Village Report|work=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|url= https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=2054 |access-date= 15 January 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Kathua district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kathua district]]