Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Deepak Ahuja

2026-05-07T10:13:57Z

MerryGrubb79668: made a post.

{{short description|Indian-American executive (born 1963)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Deepak Ahuja
| image = 2012-06-01-deepak-ahuja-tesla.jpg
| caption = Deepak Ahuja in 2012
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1963|1}}<ref>{{cite report|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/gWO8kwUomgg4Ztt5skwCPiWwR_0/appointments|title=Deepak Ahuja|work=Personal appointments|publisher=[[Companies House]]|quote=Date of birth: January 1963|accessdate=18 September 2018}}</ref>
| birth_name =
| occupation = [[Chief Financial Officer]]
| known_for = CFO of [[Tesla, Inc.]]
| alma mater = [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi|IIT BHU]] [[Northwestern University]] [[Carnegie Mellon University]]

}}
'''Deepak Prabhu Ahuja''' (born on January 1963) is an [[Indian-American]] [[Senior management|executive]] working in the life sciences industry who previously worked in the automotive manufacturing industry. He is best known for serving as the [[chief financial officer]] of [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] for eleven years.

==Early life and education==
Deepak Ahuja was born in the month of January in 1963 in [[Mumbai]], India. He holds a bachelor's degree in [[ceramic engineering]] from the [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi|IIT BHU]] and a master's degree from the [[Northwestern University]].<ref name="star-20111111">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/magazine/fall-2011/PDF/alumni-profile-deepak-ahuja.pdf|title=Alumni profile: Deepak Ahuja|magazine=McCormick Magazine|issue=Fall 2011|page=42|date=11 November 2011|accessdate=18 September 2018|first=Leanne|last=Star|archive-date=2 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902230003/http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/magazine//fall-2011/PDF/alumni-profile-deepak-ahuja.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahuja enrolled at [[Northwestern University]] in 1985, with his first class being taught by [[Morris E. Fine]].<ref name="star-20111111"/>
He then also obtained an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] from [[Carnegie Mellon University]].<ref name="star-20111111"/>

==Career==
Initially Ahuja spent six years working for [[Kennametal]] near [[Pittsburgh]]. After completing his MBA in 1993 Ahuja moved to [[Woodhaven, Michigan]], to accept a job with the [[Ford Motor Company]].<ref name="star-20111111"/> He became chief financial officer (CFO) of the [[AutoAlliance International]] joint-venture between Ford and [[Mazda]].<ref name="star-20111111"/> Ahuja then moved to become CFO of Ford in [[Southern Africa]].<ref name="star-20111111"/> He then returned to Michigan to act as controller of Ford's fuel-efficient small cars product development programme.<ref name="star-20111111"/>

On 13 June 2008 Ahuja was offered the position of chief financial officer at Tesla Motors, reporting to CEO and president [[Ze'ev Drori]].<ref name="harding-20080613">{{cite report|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000119312510017054/dex1010.htm|title=Offer of Employment with Tesla Motors|date=13 June 2008|accessdate=18 September 2018|first1=Craig W.|last1=Harding|first2=Ze'ev|last2=Drori|authorlink2=Ze'ev Drori|author3=Tesla Motors|via=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref> In 2015 Ahuja retired from Tesla, and then returned as chief financial officer again in February 2017 to replace Jason Wheeler.<ref name="rosenbaum-20180502">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/02/tesla-cfo-managed-a-cash-crisis-in-2008-and-plans-to-do-it-again.html|title=This is the man Elon Musk trusts to rein in the Tesla cash crisis|work=CNBC|date=2 May 2018|accessdate=18 September 2018|first=Eric|last=Rosenbaum|quote=in 2015 Ahuja retired somewhat of a hero. … retaken the CFO post in February 2017}}</ref> His retirement from Tesla after 11 years was announced on the Q4 2018 Tesla earnings call on January 30, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/news/26280/tesla-cfo-deepak-ahuja-leaves-company-following-automakers-ambitious-promises|title=Tesla CFO Deepak Ahuja Leaves Company Following Automaker's Ambitious Promises|last=Margaritoff|first=Marco|website=The Drive|date=February 2019 |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>

In January 2020, Ahuja joined [[Verily]] as its chief financial officer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/09/alphabets-verily-hires-former-tesla-cfo-deepak-ahuja.html|title=Alphabet health group Verily scoops up Tesla's former CFO, among other key hires | publisher=CNBC | first=Christina | last=Farr | date=9 January 2020 | accessdate=17 December 2020}}</ref> In September 2022, it was announced that Ahuja would leave Verily and join [[Zipline (drone delivery company)|Zipline]] as its first chief business and financial officer from September 30.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-09-09 |last=Korosec |first=Kirsten |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/09/zipline-lands-departing-verily-cfo-tesla-veteran-deepak-ahuja/ |title=Zipline lands departing Verily CFO, Tesla veteran Deepak Ahuja |work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite video|url=https://vimeo.com/214862813|title=Tesla CFO Deepak Ahuja discusses Elon Musk and the auto industry|via=Vimeo|first=Deepak|last=Ahuja}}
* {{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixVvw2Oioeo&t=1m21s|title=Deepak Ahuja: 2016 Northwestern Engineering Master's Recognition Ceremony Address|first=Deepak|last=Ahuja|date=16 June 2016|publisher=Northwestern University|via=Youtube}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Deepak Ahuja}}

{{Tesla Motors}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahuja, Deepak}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tesla, Inc. people]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Tepper School of Business alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in technology]]
[[Category:American chief financial officers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the automotive industry]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the health care industry]]
[[Category:Ford people]]
[[Category:Verily]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]

{{automobile-bio-stub}}

Mr. 420 (2012 film)

2026-05-06T18:51:30Z

MerryGrubb79668: added a details

{{Short description|2012 Indian Kannada-language romantic comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mr. 420
| image = Mr. 420 poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Pradeep Raj
| producer = Sandesh Nagraj
| writer = B. A. Madhu
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] [[Pranitha Subhash|Pranitha]] [[Rangayana Raghu]]
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = R. Giri
| editing = Kumar
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2012|10|19}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Mr. 420''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film starring [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Pranitha Subhash]]. This film was directed by [[Prakash Raj]] and produced by Sandesh Nagaraj under Sandesh films banner. [[V. Harikrishna]] is the music composer and R. Giri is the cinematographer. The film made its theatrical release on 19 October 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kvsr-postponed-mr-420-awaited/articleshow/16848330.cms|title=KVSR postponed; Mr. 420 awaited|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 October 2012}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Krishna lives in his village with his grandmother who dies. He leaves for [[Bangalore]] with his uncle Ranganna to eke out a living. Ranganna’s family engages in [[Pickpocketing]] and theft. Krishna and leaves for his village but circumstances force him to accept the situation. Krishna falls in love with Rukmini, who leaves his activities when Rukku learns of this. Krishna and Ranganna seek jobs at an [[Consumer electronics store|electronic showroom]], but to no avail.

They work as [[bagger]]s in the bus station and find a suitcase, thinking it is a bag of money. They are caught by the by police Inspector Sadhu who opens the suitcase to reveal a severed head in it. They find that the severed head is an [[crime syndicate|underworld gangster]] Karadi Seena. Circumstances force Krishna and Ranganna to tell that they killed Seena to Seena's rival gang and they treat them with respect and lead a luxurious life.

The twist in the tail arises when the duo learn that Seena is Rukmini's brother and decide to prove their innocence. Rukmini mistakes Krishna to be Seena's killer and leaves him, Krishna follows Rukmini to prove his innocence. Meanwhile, The gang finds out that their gang member Paagal actually killed Seena and chases Ranganna, who escapes and proves Krishna's innocence. They are chased by the gang along with Sadhu and officers.

A climax ensues where Sadhu accidentally shoots at [[Honey bees|sting bees]] and the bees attack them. Krishna-Ranganna and Rukmini jump from a terrace to a [[swimming pool]] and are saved. Thus, Krishna and Ranganna are proved innocent and leave for their village and become farmers and start farming at their grandmother's land.

==Cast==
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Krishna
* [[Pranitha Subhash]] as Rukmini
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Ranganna
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Chikkanna]]
* [[Kuri Prathap]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mr.420
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|9}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
[[V. Harikrishna]] composed 5 songs to the lyrics of [[Jayanth Kaikini]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mio.to/Kannada|title=Kannada Music|website=Mio.to|access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| lyrics_credits =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ella Lolalotte
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Tamate Soundu
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Kailash Kher]], [[Malathy Lakshman]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Shampoo Haakalva
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Nee Eshtu Muddu
| extra4 = [[Anuradha Bhat]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| lyrics4 =
| length4 =
| title5 = Thale Kedisa Beda
| extra5 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Naveen Madhav
| lyrics5 =
| length5 =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "While Ganesh has done justice to the role, Rangayana Raghu impresses only in some sequences. Pranitha is okay. Music by V Harikrishna fails to register".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mr-420/movie-review/16879324.cms?from=mdr|title=MR 420 MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016}}</ref> A critic from [[News18 India]] wrote "V Harikrishna is also monotonous in his tunes. Nothing is catchy from his five songs. R Giri cinematography is OK but nothing appealing in shots. Editing also deserved to be better. The main trump card that was supposed to be dialogues for Ganesh is also substandard".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mr-420-review-not-a-good-option-for-entertainment-517650.html|title='Mr 420' Review: Not a good option for entertainment|work=[[News18 India]]|date=20 October 2012}}</ref> Shruti I L from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "As for Ganesh, his fans may also be left asking for more.  It would do the actor good to be more choosy about his roles and not stereotype himself. Our final verdict: Don’t let this Mr 420  burn a hole in your pocket, watch out!".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-mr-420-disappoints-beginning-to-the-end-1754427/amp|title=Review: 'Mr 420' disappoints beginning to the end|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 October 2012}}</ref> A Sharadhaa [[The New Indian Express]] wrote " V Harikrishna's music with Kaviraj, Nagendra Prasad and Yograj Bhat's lyrics does not give out the best tracks for the film and there is nothing really to boast about R Giri's cinematography either. Verdict: 'Mr 420' did not give a festive buzz".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/Oct/29/mr-420-kannada-419856.html|title='Mr 420' (Kannada)|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=29 October 2012}}</ref> Srikanth Srinivasa from [[Rediff.com]] scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "Sadhu Kokila as an inspector gets the most laughs. Rangayana Raghu acts well in the first half but tends to overact in the second half. Ganesh has performed well but is overshadowed by the others. Pranitha is good. Director Pradeep Raj appears as a villain in the movie. The music is just average, as is the camerawork".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-mr-420-is-mildly-entertaining/20121019.htm|title=Review: Mr 420 is mildly entertaining|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=19 October 2012}}</ref> B S Srivani from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "And what goes on as comedy is too loud and garbled to be made much sense of. Stories like this one are predictable at best. But Mr 420 teaches a devoted movie buff not to have any expectation at all. Pity the waste of money here".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/286647/a-cruel-trick-viewers.html|title=A cruel trick on viewers|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 October 2012}}</ref> A critic from [[Bangalore Mirror]] wrote  "At one point of the film when an item song is imminent Raghu says, “I need a Bombay girl. Those girls are white.” This is the kind of instincts that the film caters to. This is the stuff that B-grade comedies with B-grade heroes are made of. Not at all worthy of Ganesh".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mr-420-stooping-to-please/articleshow/21292638.cms|title=Mr 420: Stooping to please|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=20 October 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=3174052}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mister 420}}
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pradeep Raj]]

R. Sarathkumar filmography

2026-05-01T10:45:46Z

MerryGrubb79668: new initial bio w/ infobox.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. Sarathkumar
| image = Journalist Swamy with Sarathkumar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sarathkumar participating in the American Tamil Sangam Parade
| film =
| television_series =
| web_series =
| television_show =
| radio_show =
| documentary =
| hosting =
| music_videos =
| narrating =
| theatre =
| advertising =
| others =
}}
[[R. Sarathkumar]] is an Indian actor and politician who works mainly in [[Tamil films]]. He has also worked in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films.

== Film ==
{{pending films key}}
=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class=unsortable|Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Kan Simittum Neram]]'' || Inspector Sarath || Also producer
|
|-
| 1989 || ''Sattathin Marupakkam'' || Kumar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="15"| 1990 || ''[[Pulan Visaranai]]'' || R. K. Mahendran ||
|
|-
| ''Mr. Karthik'' ||Rajendran ||
|
|-
| ''[[Salem Vishnu]]'' || Shiva ||
|
|-
| ''[[Jagathalaprathapan (1990 film)|Jagathalaprathapan]]'' || Dileep ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pudhu Padagan]]'' || Aadhikesavan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Seetha (1990 film)|Seetha]]'' || Rathnaraj ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sandhana Kaatru]]'' || Ramu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mounam Sammadham]]'' || Balu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Velai Kidaichuduchu]]'' || Purushothaman ||
|
|-
| ''[[Puriyaadha Pudhir]]'' || Sarath ||
|
|-
| ''[[Engitta Mothathay]]'' || "Military" Kandan || Guest Appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Palaivana Paravaigal]]'' || Mamu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sirayil Sila Raagangal]]'' || Antony ||
|
|-
| ''[[Urudhi Mozhi]]'' || Legal Loganathan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Raja Kaiya Vacha]]'' || Vaidyaraj ||
|
|-
| rowspan="12"| 1991 || ''[[Thangamana Thangachi]]'' || Vijay ||
|
|-
| ''Namma Ooru Mariamma'' || Rajadurai ||
|
|-
| ''[[Chithirai Pookkal]]'' || Johnson David ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vetri Padigal]]'' || Guruji ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pudhu Manithan]]'' || Sundar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Captain Prabhakaran]]'' || Rajaraman IFS ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kaaval Nilayam]]'' || Inspector Vijay ||
|
|-
| ''[[Idhaya Vaasal]]'' || Ganesh ||
|
|-
| ''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]'' || Rajapaandi Gounder ||
|
|-
| ''[[Archana IAS]]'' || Santhosh Kumar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vaidehi Kalyanam]]'' || Rajamanickam ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vasanthakala Paravai]]'' || Rajesh ||
|
|-
| rowspan="11"| 1992 || ''[[Ilavarasan]]'' || Vijay ||
|
|-
| ''[[Periya Gounder Ponnu]]'' || Thangamuthu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sivantha Malar]]'' || Vijay ||
|
|-
| ''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]'' || Rathnavelu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Idhuthanda Sattam]]'' || SP Selvaraj IPS ||
|
|-
| ''[[Suriyan]]'' || Suriyan IPS ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ellaichami]]'' || Ellaichami ||
|
|-
| ''[[Samundi]]'' || Samundi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thai Mozhi]]'' || Rajasimham ||
|
|-
| ''[[Natchathira Nayagan]]'' || Vijay ||
|
|-
| ''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]'' || Police officer || Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="8"| 1993 || ''[[Aadhityan]]'' || Aadhityan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dasarathan]]'' || ACP Dasarathan IPS ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vedan]]'' || Vijay IPS (Ranjith Kumar) ||
|
|-
| ''[[Munarivippu]]'' || Gopi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Band Master]]'' || Ravi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Moondravadhu Kann]]'' || Inspector Sarath ||
|
|-
| ''[[I Love India]]'' || Brigadier Diwakar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kattabomman (film)|Kattabomman]]'' || Kattabomman ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7"| 1994 ||''[[Aranmanai Kaavalan]]'' || Sakthi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Indhu]]'' || Kaasi || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Namma Annachi]]'' || Ayya, Annachi & Prabhakaran ||
|
|-
| ''[[Killadi Mappillai]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Raja Pandi]]'' || Raja Pandi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nattamai]]'' || Shanmugam (Nattamai) & Pasupathi ||
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Revisiting Nattamai: 25 facts you probably didn't know about Sarath Kumar's landmark rural drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Oct/27/revisiting-nattamai-25-factsyou-probablydidnt-know-about-sarath-kumars-landmark-rural-drama-738.html |work=Cinema Express |date=27 October 2019 |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Magudikkaran]]'' || Raja's father || Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1995 ||''[[Veluchami]]'' || Veluchami ||
|
|-
| ''[[Coolie (1995 film)|Coolie]]'' || Karna ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nadodi Mannan (1995 film)|Nadodi Mannan]]'' || Ramu (Ram Sundar) ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ragasiya Police]]'' || ACP Suriya IPS ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1996 || ''[[Mahaprabhu (film)|Mahaprabhu]]'' || Daamodaran ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nethaji]]'' || Nethaji ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1997 || ''[[Aravindhan]]'' || Aravindhan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Suryavamsam (1997 film)|Surya Vamsam]]'' || Sakthivel Gounder & Chinnarasu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Janakiraman]]'' || Janakiraman ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1998 || ''[[Moovendhar]]'' || Manimaran ||
|
|-
| ''[[Natpukaaga]]'' || Chinnaiya / Muthaiya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Simmarasi]]'' || Manickavasagam ||
|
|-
| ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1999 || ''[[Chinna Durai (1999 film)|Chinna Durai]]'' || Chinna Durai ||
|
|-
| ''[[Rajasthan (film)|Rajasthan]]'' || Hariharan || Partially reshot in Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Oruvan (1999 film)|Oruvan]]'' || Surya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pattali]]'' || Shanmugam ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2000 || ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'' || Balaraman || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Maayi]]'' || Maayaandi (Maayi) ||
|
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2001 || ''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthey]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Rishi (2001 film)|Rishi]]'' || Rishi, Velu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vinnukkum Mannukkum]]'' || Sakthivel Gounder ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dosth (2001 Tamil film)|Dosth]]'' || Vishwanath || Also dubbed for [[Prakash Raj]] in one scene
|
|-
| ''[[Samuthiram]]'' || Selvarasu||
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2002 || ''[[Thenkasi Pattanam]]'' || Kannan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Samasthanam]]'' || Thiru ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2003 || ''[[Arasu (Tamil film)|Arasu]]'' || Thirunavukkarasu (Arasu), Periyavar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Paarai (film)|Paarai]]'' || Mabbu Marthandam ||
|
|-
| ''[[Diwan (film)|Diwan]]'' || Raghavan, Duraisingham ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2004 || ''[[Gambeeram]]'' || [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Muthusamy ||
|
|-
| ''[[Manasthan]]'' || Deivarasu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Chatrapathy (2004 film)|Chatrapathy]]'' || Major Chatrapathy (Saravanan) ||
|
|-
| ''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]'' || Velu ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2005 || ''[[Ayya (2005 Tamil film)|Ayya]]'' || Ayyadurai, Chelladurai ||
|
|-
| ''[[Jithan]]''|| Tamizharasu IPS || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Chanakya (2005 film)|Chanakya]]'' || Ganesan ||
|
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Thalaimagan]]'' || Dheeran || 100th Film; also director
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jagannathan |first1=Venkatachari |date=23 October 2006 |title=Thalaimagan tells a stale story |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/23thal.htm |work=Redif |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2007 || ''[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]'' || Venkatesh ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mayakannadi]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Nam Naadu (2007 film)|Nam Naadu]]'' || Muthazhagu ||
|
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Vaitheeswaran]]'' || Saravanan, Bala ||
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[1977 (film)|1977]]'' || Rajashekar, Vetrivel ||
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2010 || ''[[Jaggubhai]]'' || Jagannathan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]'' || Karan Muthaiah ||Guest appearance
|
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' || Kanchana (Karthik) ||
|
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]'' || Sundara Pandian ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014 || ''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]'' || Saravana || Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' || Sengodagan ||
|
|-
| ''[[Asha Black|Nee Naan Nizhal]]'' || Anwar Ali ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suganth |first1=M |date=16 May 2016 |title=Nee Naan Nizhal Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nee-naan-nizhal/movie-review/44785600.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015 || ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Sandamarutham]]'' || Sarveshvaran / Surya || 125th Film; also screenwriter
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017 || ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2]]'' || Sundara Pandian ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajendran |first1=Gopinath |date=23 October 2017 |title='Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2' review: Happens in Coimbatore |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/Oct/19/chennaiyil-oru-naal-2-review-happens-in-coimbatore-1677857.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Adangathey'' || {{TBA}} || Unreleased ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gv-prakashs-long-delayed-film-adangathey-finally-locks-a-release-date-8-year-old-film-aims-this-festival-weekend/articleshow/122947546.cms|title = GV Prakash's long-delayed film 'Adangathey' finally locks a release date; 8 year old film aims THIS festival weekend | work=The Times of India | date=28 July 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|2020|| ''[[Vaanam Kottatum]]'' || Bose ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rangan |first1=Bharadwaj |date=7 February 2020 |title=Sarathkumar makes a smashing comeback-in a solid well-acted drama |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/vaanam-kottattum-movie-review-sarath-kumar-makes-a-smashing-comeback-in-a-solid-well-acted-drama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523165644/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/vaanam-kottattum-movie-review-sarath-kumar-makes-a-smashing-comeback-in-a-solid-well-acted-drama |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=23 May 2024 |work=Film Companion}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' || Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2023|| ''[[Varisu]]'' || Rajendran Palanisamy ||
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Vijay-Rashmika Mandanna's Thalapathy 66 begins shoot. See photos |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-rashmika-mandanna-thalapathy-66-shoot-begins-see-photos-7855895/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406091155/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-rashmika-mandanna-thalapathy-66-shoot-begins-see-photos-7855895/ |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rudhran]]''
|Bhoominathan (Bhoomi)
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sarathkumar-turns-villain-for-raghava-lawrence-in-rudhran/articleshow/80768203.cms |title =Sarathkumar turns villain for Raghava Lawrence in 'Rudhran' |work=The Times of India |date=9 February 2021 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' || Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar ||
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=Ponniyin Selvan 2 release date announced; Cast to storyline, here's what you can expect from the sequel |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/ponniyin-selvan-2-release-date-announced-cast-to-storyline-heres-what-you-can-expect-from-the-sequel-1204991 |access-date=18 April 2023 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Custody (2023 film)|Custody]]''
|Nataraj
|Bilingual film; Also shot in Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/naga-chaitanya-next-film-custody-to-hit-cinemas-on-may-12-2023-2022-12-29-834900 |title=Naga Chaitanya's next film 'Custody' to hit cinemas on May 12, 2023 |date=29 December 2022 |website=India TV News |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Por Thozhil]]''
|Lokanathan
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Por Thozhil teaser: Sarath Kumar and Ashok Selvan are on the hunt for a serial killer in this suspense thriller |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/por-thozhil-teaser-sarath-kumar-and-ashok-selvan-are-on-the-hunt-for-a-serial-killer-8625107/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=31 May 2023 |language=en |date=23 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paramporul (film)|Paramporul]]''
|R. Maithreyan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2023 |title=Amitash Pradhan & Sarath Kumar's 'Paramporul' to release on September 1 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/amitash-pradhan-sarath-kumars-paramporul-to-release-on-september-1/articleshow/102710727.cms |access-date=14 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024 || ''[[Hit List (2024 film)|Hit List]]'' || ACP K. Yazhvendhan || ||
|-
| ''[[Mazhai Pidikkatha Manithan]]'' || Commander Chief || ||
|-
|''[[Nirangal Moondru]]'' || Inspector K. Selvam || ||
|-
|''[[The Smile Man]]'' || Chidambaram Nedumaaran || 150th Film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-12-13 |title=Sarathkumar's The Smile Man gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/13/sarathkumars-the-smile-man-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2025 || ''[[Nesippaya]]'' || Adhinarayanan || ||
|-
| ''[[Nilavuku En Mel Ennadi Kobam]]'' || Karunakaran || ||
|-
| ''[[3BHK]]'' || Vasudevan || ||
|-
|''[[Dude (2025 film)|Dude]]'' || Athiyamaan Azhagappan || ||
|-
|''[[Kombuseevi]]'' || Rokkapuli || || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-12-11 |title=Kombuseevi trailer: Sarath Kumar and Shanmuga Pandian fight to secure their homes |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/11/kombuseevi-trailer-sarath-kumar-and-shanmuga-pandian-fight-to-secure-their-homes |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2026 || ''[[Aazhi (2026 film)|Aazhi]]'' || Moorthy || ||
|-




|}

=== Telugu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| 1986 || ''Samajamlo Sthree'' || Surendar Babu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|1990 || ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'' || SP Raju ||
|-
| ''Vishnu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Balachandrudu]]'' || Minor Babu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1991 || ''[[Stuartpuram Police Station]]'' || Veera Das ||
|-
| ''[[Gang Leader]]'' || Raghava ||
|-
| ''[[Surya IPS]]'' || Pruthvi Raj IPS ||
|-
| 1992 || ''Agreement'' || Ram / Sathyaa Moorthy || Dual role
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Captain (1994 film)|Captain]]'' || Captain Shiva || Partially reshot in Tamil
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Bunny (2005 film)|Bunny]]'' || Ranga Rao / Bhupathi Raja || Guest appearance
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Genius (2012 film)|Genius]]'' || Sarath Chandra ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Chandee]]'' || Chandrasekhar Azad ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Janda Pai Kapiraju]]'' || Sarath Chandra || Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Nenorakam]]'' || Sarath ||
|-
| ''[[Jaya Janaki Nayaka]]'' || Chakravarthy ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018|| ''[[Bharat Ane Nenu]]'' || Raghava Rao ||
|-
| ''[[Naa Peru Surya]]'' || Challa ||
|-
|''[[Saakshyam]]''|| Raju Garu || Cameo appearance
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023 || ''[[Custody (2023 film)|Custody]]'' || Nataraj ||
|-
|''[[Rangabali (film)|Rangabali]]'' || Ranga Reddy ||Special appearance<ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2023 |title=Rangabali movie review: An entertaining film that could have been more |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/rangabali-movie-review-an-entertaining-film-that-could-have-been-more-8805974/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]]'' || Srikanth||Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025 ||''[[Arjun Son Of Vyjayanthi]]'' || Sarath Chandra ||
|-
|''[[Kannappa (film)|Kannappa]]'' || Nanthanathudu ||
|}

=== Malayalam ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Pazhassi Raja]]'' || [[Edachena Kunkan]] ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Oridathoru Postman]]'' || Yasin Mubarak ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011 || ''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]'' || C. I Jacob Alexander, Alexander || Dual role
|-
| ''[[Christian Brothers (film)|Christian Brothers]]'' || Andrews (Karim lala) || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Veeraputhran]]'' || Vimal Menon ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Achante Aanmakkal]]'' || Narasimham IPS ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Asha Black]]'' || Anwar Ali ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2023 || ''[[Christopher (film)|Christopher]]'' || Vetrivel IPS || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Bandra (film)|Bandra]]''|| Veera Raghavan IPS ||
|-

|}

=== Kannada ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
|2012 || ''[[Saarathi]]''|| Suryanarayana ||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Myna (film)|Myna]]''|| [[B. B. Ashok Kumar]] ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Santheyalli Nintha Kabira]]'' || [[Sikandar Lodi]] ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Raajakumara]]'' || Ashok ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Seetharama Kalyana]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[James (2022 film)|James]]'' || Joseph Antony || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-peek-into-sarath-kumars-role-in-puneeth-rajkumars-james/articleshow/85062393.cms |title=A peek into Sarath Kumar's role in Puneeth Rajkumar's James |date=5 August 2021|access-date=31 October 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raymo]]'' || Sri Deshpande || <ref>{{cite news |title=Is team Raymo looking at a Pongal release? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/30/is-team-raymo-looking-at-a-pongal-release-28112.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=30 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Sarfira]]'' || Nedumaran ||
|}

== As producer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Notes
|-
|1988
|''[[Kan Simittum Neram]]''
|
|-
|1990
|''Mr Karthik''
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Jithan]]''
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Thalaimagan]]''
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Kannamoochi Yenada]]''
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Jaggubhai]]''
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]''
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Pulivaal]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''[[Sandamarutham]]''
|
|-
|''[[Maari (film)|Maari]]''
|
|-
|''[[Idhu Enna Maayam]]''
|
|}

== As writer and director ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Writer
!Director
|-
|2006
|''[[Thalaimagan]]''
|
| {{Yes C}}
|-
|2015
|''[[Sandamarutham]]''
| {{Yes C}}
|
|}

== As singer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" class="wikitable"
! Year
! Song
! Film
! Composer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2004 || "Orunnu Onnu" || ''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]'' || rowspan="3" | [[Srikanth Deva]] ||<ref>{{cite web|work=Cinesouth|access-date=5 September 2023|title=Sarath- Parthiban stretch their vocal cords|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/08032004-5.shtml|date=8 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040308143346/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/08032004-5.shtml|archive-date=8 March 2004}}</ref>
|-
|2005 || "Tharuveeya Tharamattiya" || ''[[Chanakya (2005 film)|Chanakya]]'' ||
|-
|2006 || "Nooru Nooru" || ''[[Thalaimagan]]'' ||
|-
|2014 || "Mugam Parthen", "Muthamidhave Ennai" || ''Ilakkanam Illa Kaadhal'' || Williams-Naga ||
|-
|2014 || "Unnai Mattum" || ''[[Sandamarutham]]'' || [[James Vasanthan]] ||
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Series
! Role
! Language
! Network
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
|2000
|''Kodeeswaran''
|Host
|rowspan="6"| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
|2014
|[[Ninaithale Inikkum (talk show)|''Ninaithale Inikkum'']]
|Guest
|[[Vendhar TV]]
|
|-
|2016
|[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (TV series)|''Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa'']]
|Producer
|[[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2020
|''[[Kodeeswari]]''
|Contestant
|[[Colors Tamil]]
|Along with [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar|Varalaxmi]] Winner
|-
|''Natchathira Jodi''
|Guest
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|Along with [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Natchathira Jodi - Full Show {{!}} Sarath Kumar {{!}} Radikaa Sarathkumar {{!}} Pongal Special Program | date=23 January 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bzWV5NeyhI |publisher=[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] |access-date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Madras Maamis''
|Host
|Radaan Mediaworks
|
|-
|2021–present
|[[Parampara (2021 TV series)|''Parampara'']]
|Nagendra Naidu
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2022
|[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)|''Big Boss'']]
|Special Host
|rowspan="5"| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|[[Irai (web series)|''Irai'']]
|Robert Vasudevan
|[[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]
|
|-
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|Guest
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Cheran's Journey]]''
|Ashok
|[[SonyLIV]]
|
|-
|''[[Nayanthara: Beyond the Fairytale]]'' || Himself || [[Netflix]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0764877}}
*[http://aismkparty.com/ Akila India Samathuva Makhal Katchi]

{{FilmfareTamilBestActor}}
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestActor}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian filmographies|Sarathkumar, R.]]

Dileswar Tanti

2026-04-24T23:51:04Z

MerryGrubb79668: made new post.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Minister for Labour
| 1blankname = [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Hiteswar Saikia]]
| term_start = 30 June 1991
| term_end = 22 April 1996
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1978-2006)
| other_party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (2006)
| office2 = Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]]
| term2 = 21 March 1978 - 19 May 2006
| predecessor2 = Molia Tanti
| successor2 = Durga Bhumji
| spouse = {{marriage|Kamala Sawachi|1971|end=died}}
| children = 3
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1944|02|2|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|08|03|1944|02|2|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Gauhati University]]
| parents = Tilak Tanti (father) Sonamoni Tanti (mother)
}}

'''Dileswar Tanti''' (2 February 1944 – 3 August 2022)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2022-08-04 |title=Former minister Dileswar Tanti passes away at GMCH - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/former-minister-dileswar-tanti-passes-away-at-gmch-605823 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref> was an Indian politician from the state of [[Assam]]. He was elected to the [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]] constituency 6 times and was a labour minister in the [[Hiteswar Saikia]] cabinet.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Doom Dooma Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/doomdooma-assam-assembly-constituency#2006 |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tanti ministership |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf |publisher=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ |accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Tanti was born to Tilak Tani and Someswari Tanti on 2 February 1944. He had his early education in Diboi. After he received his MA in Economics at Gauhati University, he served as a lecturer at Sonari college from 1970 to 1971. He then served as Assistant Secretary of [[Assam Chah Mazdoor Sangha]] (ACMS), Doom Dooma Branch from 1971 to 1978.<ref name=":2" />

== Political career ==
Tanti was the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]] in the [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]. He received 13023 votes, 39.2% of the total vote and defeated his nearest opponent by 4209 votes.<ref name=":1" />

He sought reelection in the [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]. He received 8531 votes, 72.19% of the total vote and was reelected.<ref name=":1" />

He was again the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]] in the [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]. He received 22755 votes, 51.24% of the total vote and he defeated his nearest opponent by 11797 votes.<ref name=":1" />

He was again the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate In the [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]. He received 36679 votes, 68.95% of the total vote and he defeated his nearest opponent by 29687 votes. He was made labour minister in the [[Hiteswar Saikia]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgzaAAAAMAAJ |title=My Name is Today: Children in News |date=1995 |publisher=Butterflies. |language=en}}</ref>

He was again the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]] in 1996. He received 40505 votes, 67.17% of the total vote, defeating his nearest opponent by 29960 votes.<ref name=":1" />

Tanti was again the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate for [[Doom Dooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doom Dooma]] in 2001. He received 52846 votes, 77.93% of the total vote. He defeated his nearest opponent by 37878 votes.<ref name=":1" />

Tanti did not receive the congress nomination in the [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] and instead was the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] candidate. He received 17299 votes, coming third to Congress candidate [[Durga Bhumij]], after serving as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for 28 years.

== Personal life and death ==
Tanti married Kamala Tanti (née) in 1971 and they had 3 children. His wife predeceased him.<ref name=":2" />

Tanti published 3 books during his lifetime.<ref name=":2" />

On 13 July 2022, Tanti was admitted to the Gauhati Medical College and Hospital after being seriously ill for the days prior due a blood haemorrhage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2022-07-13 |title=Former Labour Minister Dileswar Tanti seriously ill, admitted to GMC - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/former-labour-minister-dileswar-tanti-seriously-ill-admitted-to-gmc-602250 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref> On 3 August 2022, Tanti died at the Gauhati Medical College and Hospital at the age of 78. He was survived by two daughters and a son. Several politicians paid tribute to him, including MLA [[Rupesh Gowala]] and former Union Minister [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]].<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tanti, Dileswar}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1985–1991]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Tinsukia district]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Assam]]

Keshava of Nandigrama

2026-04-14T00:58:44Z

MerryGrubb79668: done.

{{Short description|16th-century Indian mathematician, astrologer and astronomer}}
'''Keshava''' ([[IAST]]: Keśava, fl. 1496–1507) was an [[astrology and astronomy|astrologer and astronomer]] (''[[jyotisha|jyotishi]]'' or ''daivajña'') from [[Nandigrama]] in present-day western India.

== Biography ==

Keshava flourished around 1496–1507.<ref name="CESS2">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=2 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |pages=65–66 }}</ref> He lived at [[Nandigrama]] in western India. He was a son of Kamala-kara of [[Kaushika]] [[gotra]] (clan), and a pupil of Vaijanatha (or Vaidyanatha).<ref name="CESS2"/> His wife's name was Lakshmi.<ref>{{cite book |author=K. Ramakalyani |chapter=Gaṇeśa Daivajña's upapattis for some rules in the Līlāvatī |editor1=K. Ramasubramanian |editor2=[[Takao Hayashi]] |editor3=[[Clemency Montelle]] |title=Bhāskara-prabhā: Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences |series=Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences |publisher=Springer |year=2019 |isbn=9789811360343 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-6034-3_5 |page=102 }}</ref>

He had three sons, who were famous jyotishis:<ref name="CESS2"/>

* Ananta (fl. 1534): wrote ''Kalanirnayavabodha'' and a commentary (1534 CE) on [[Varahamihira|Varaha-mihira]]'s ''Laghu-jataka''<ref>{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=1 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |page=40 }}</ref>
* [[Ganesha Daivajna|Ganesha]] (born 1507): wrote a number of works during 1522–1554; his great-grandson - also called Ganesha - wrote ''Shiromani-prakasha'' {{sfn|David Pingree|1981|p=126}}
* Rama (fl. 1525/1550): his son Nrsimha (born 1548) wrote ''Graha-kaumudi'', ''Kheta-muktavali'', ''Graha-dasha-phala'', ''Graha-dipika'', ''Varsha-phala-dipika'', ''Harsa-kaumudi'' (a commentary on Ganesha's Graha-laghava''), and ''Hillaja-dipika<ref>{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=3 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |page=202 }}</ref>

== Works and commentaries ==

''Muhurtadipika'' by his son Ganesha lists several works written by Keshava. Sometimes, Ganesha's works are also attributed to Keshava. Works written by Keshava include:<ref name="CESS2"/>

* ''Graha-kautuka'' (1496 CE)
* a commentary on ''Graha-kautuka''
* ''Graha-siddhi''
* ''Tithi-siddhi''
* ''Graha-chalana''
* ''Ganita-dipika''
* ''Jataka-paddhati'', also known as ''Keshava-paddhati''; ''Brhat-keshavi'' is an enlarged version of this text
** Apparently a condensed version of Shripati's JKP: it is an extremely concise text containing only 42 verses, and was very popular as a handbook on mathematical calculations essential for ''jataka''.{{sfn|David Pingree|1981|p=92}}
* A commentary on ''Jataka-paddhati''
* ''Tajika-paddhati'', also known as ''Varsha-phala-paddhati'' or ''Tajika-keshavi''
** A work on [[Tajika Jyotish|Tajika]] (Arabic-Persian astrology), it contains 26 verses{{sfn|David Pingree|1981|p=98}}
* ''Siddhanta-vasana''
* ''Kayasthachara-paddhati''
* ''Kundastaka-lakshana''

The following works of Keshava survive in form of manuscripts, several of which are incomplete:<ref name="CESS2"/>

* ''Graha-kautuka'' (over 10 manuscripts), and possibly the commentary on it; over 10 manuscripts survive
* ''Jataka-paddhati'' and ''Brhat-keshavi'' (over 200 manuscripts), and the commentary on it (over 25 manuscripts)
* ''Tajika-paddhati'' (around 50 manuscripts)
* ''Muhurtatattva'', containing two parts - ''[[Muhurta]]-khanda'' and ''Samhita-khanda'' (around 100 manuscripts)
* ''Sudhiranjani'' (2 manuscripts), a ''karana'' (concise exposition of astronomy) and apparently an appendix to ''Varsha-paddhati''

=== Commentaries ===

Besides Keshava himself, several later authors have written commentaries (''tika'') on his works:<ref name="CESS2"/>{{sfn|David Pingree|1981|p=93}}

* ''Jataka-paddhti''
** Keshava himself
** Vishva-natha (1618) at [[Varanasi|Kashi]]
** ''Praudha-manorama'' by Diva-kara (1626) at Kashi
** ''Vasana-bhashya'' by Dharmeshvara (c. 1600–1650) in [[Malwa|Malava]]
** ''Jataka-kaustubha'' by Narayana (1678) at Kashi
** Guru-dasa (1824) at [[Jalandhar]]a
** several modern editors
* ''Tajika-paddhati''
** Mallari (fl. 1612)
** Vishva-natha (fl. 1612/1630)
* ''Muhurta-tattva''
** ''Muhurta-dipika'' by Keshava's son Ganesha (born 1507)
** Vishva-natha (fl. 1612/1630)

Ganesha's ''Graha-laghava'' or ''Siddhanta-rahasya'' was apparently based on his father's ''Graha-kautuka''.{{sfn|David Pingree|1981|p=36}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=David Pingree |title=Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature |series=A History of Indian Literature |year=1981 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |isbn=3-447-02165-9 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0UIAQAAIAAJ }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:15th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]

Rayavaram (Markapur mandal)

2026-04-12T02:15:15Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rayavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|43|N|79|19|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Markapuram district|Markapuram]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Markapur mandal|Markapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - prakasam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=10 February 2016|page=16,436|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.75
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2633
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 521162
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Rayavaram''' is a small village in [[Markapur mandal]] in the [[Markapuram district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].

== Demographics ==

Rayavaram village has a population of 2950 of which Males are 1490 and Females are 1460. Total Households in Rayavaram are 783.<ref>{{cite web| title =Rayavaram, Andhra Pradesh, National Habitation Survey 2003| publisher =Ministry of Rural Development, NIC-Dept. of Drinking Water Supply| url =http://ddws.gov.in/habquery/villresult.asp?search=exact&stcode=02&key=Rayavaram| accessdate =2007-12-19| url-status =dead| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155736/http://ddws.gov.in/habquery/villresult.asp?search=exact&stcode=02&key=Rayavaram| archivedate =2011-07-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Markapuram district]]

{{Markapuram-geo-stub}}

K. Rani (singer)

2026-04-08T12:06:51Z

MerryGrubb79668: details.

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = K. Rani
| image = K Rani (singer).jpeg
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Kisan Rani
| alias =
| birth_date = 4 September 1942
| death_date = 14 July 2018 (aged 75)
| instrument = Vocalist
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active = 1951–1963
}}

'''K. Rani''' (4 September 1942 – 14 July 2018)<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/veteran-female-singer-k-rani-passes-away/articleshow/64986121.cms |title=Veteran female singer K Rani passes away|date=14 July 2018 |work=Times of India |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> was an Indian [[playback singer]] who has sung songs in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]. Rani was the first female singer from India to sing in [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] and Uzbek, and sang the national anthem of Sri Lanka (the "[[Sri Lanka Matha]]").<ref name=MB1>{{cite web|url=http://rajamusicbank.com/profile.php?n=13|title=Raja Music Bank|date= 2011}}</ref>

She performed before [[President of India]] [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], and [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[K. Kamaraj]] called her ''"Innisai Rani"''. Rani was invited to perform at the [[M. Visvesvaraya|Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya]] centennial, travelling in an aeroplane chartered by the [[government of Karnataka]].<ref name=MB1 />
[[Raj Kapoor]] provided the rhythms when she sang Hindi songs, including ''"O Maine Pyar Kia, Mai Kya Karu Ram Mujhe Budda Mil Gaya"'', at a stage show.<ref name=MB1 />

==Early life==
Her family migrated from [[Kanpur]] to South India. Her father, Kishan Singh was a ''Railway Station Master'' and was transferred frequently from station to station. This gave Rani an opportunity to become conversant with different languages. At the age of 5 or 6 she got a chance to sing in a stage. She sang on stages where [[Vyjayanthimala|Vyjayanthimala's]] dance programs were taking place. She sang songs during the dress change-over interludes. One day, during such a program at [[Raja Annamalai Chettiar Hall|Raja Annamalai Mandram]], music composer [[C. R. Subburaman]] was present. He noticed the little girl's talent and introduced her as a [[playback singer]] in films.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Thiraiyisai Alaigal – Part 4|last=Narasimhan|first=Vamanan|author-link=Vamanan|publisher=Manivasagar Publishers 044 25361039|edition=1st|location=Chennai|page=237|language=ta|url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/53411/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%98%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E2%80%99-%E2%80%93-137|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180804013007/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/53411/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%98%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E2%80%99-%E2%80%93-137|archive-date=4 August 2018|access-date=4 August 2018|url-status=usurped}} Thus began her career as a playback singer.</ref>

=={{anchor|Career life}}Life and career==
Rani's first films, in 1951 at age eight, were the Telugu ''[[Roopavathi]]'' and Tamil ''Mohana Sundaram'' and ''Singari''. A year later, she was singing for lead characters in films like ''[[Kalyani (1952 film)|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu|Kalyanam Panni Paar]]'', ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]'', ''Dharma Devadhai'' and ''Dharma Devadha''. Rani's ''"Antha Bhranthi Yenaa"'' (Telugu) and ''"Ellaam Maayai Thaanaa"'' (Tamil), from 1953's ''[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadasu]]'', were popular.

She first performed in Sri Lankan cinema for ''[[Sujatha (1953 film)|Sujatha]]'' in 1953 under the direction of composer [[Ananda Samarakoon]], and contributed to ''[[Seda Sulang]]'' in 1955 and ''[[Sirimali]]'' in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2005/10/15/fea07.htm |title=Feature |publisher=Dailynews.lk |access-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010202648/http://www.dailynews.lk/2005/10/15/fea07.htm |archive-date=10 October 2012 }}</ref> Much sought after during the 1950s, Rani had few songs in the early 1960s. She sang Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) songs and recorded Tamil Islamic songs with [[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaana.com/artist/k-rani|title=Gaana.Com}}</ref>

===Music composers she sang for===
{{columns-list |colwidth=15em|
* [[C. R. Subburaman]]
* [[Ogirala Ramachandra Rao]]
* [[S. Dakshinamurthi]]
* [[S. V. Venkatraman]]
* T. R. Ramanathan
* T. A. Kalyanam
* [[G. Ramanathan]]
* [[T. G. Lingappa]]
* G. Aswathama
* [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
* [[C. N. Pandurangan]]
* [[V. Nagayya]]
* M. S. Gnanamani
* [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
* [[Pendyala Nageshwara Rao]]
* [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
* [[Master Venu]]
* [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
* [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
* [[T. V. Raju]]
* [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
* M. K. Athmanathan
* A. V. Natarajan
* [[T. G. Lingappa]]
* [[Ananda Samarakoon]]
* [[L. Malleswara Rao]]
* [[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]]
* [[M. Ranga Rao]]
* Arun & Raghavan
* [[S. Hanumantha Rao]]
* Vimal Kumar
* M. Subrahmanyam Raju
* [[R. Parthasarathy]]
* [[Ramesh Naidu]]
* [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
* S. L. Merchant & M. S. Sriram
* [[A. M. Rajah]]
* [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
* [[B. Gopalam]]
* Pamarthi
* V. Krishnamurthi
* [[P. Suri Babu]]
* Jeevan
* Mallik
* [[S. P. Kodandapani]]
* H. R. Padmanabha Sasthri
* [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
* [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
* B. Shankara Rao
* Ghantasala Vijayakumar
}}

==={{anchor|Playback singers she sang with}}Fellow playback singers===
Rani sang duets mostly with [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]. Also with [[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[S. C. Krishnan]], [[V. N. Sundaram]], K. H. Reddy, [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Talat Mahmood]], K. Appa Rao, D. B. Ramachandra, K. Prasad Rao, B. N. Rao, T. R. Jayadev, [[B. Gopalam]], [[T. G. Lingappa]], [[K. V. Mahadevan]], [[C. R. Subburaman]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]], [[A. L. Raghavan]], K. R. Chellamuthu, S. V. Ponnusamy, Maadhavan, T. K. Ramachandran, Subramanyam, [[K. P. Udayabhanu]], [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Rajan–Nagendra|Nagendra]], [[Ananda Samarakoon]], [[Dharmadasa Walpola]], [[Mohideen Baig]], Sunil Premadasa and [[Christy Leonard Perera]].

She sang duets with female singers, most notably [[Jikki]] but also with [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]]. [[A. P. Komala]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]], [[Radha Jayalakshmi]], [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]], [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]], [[N. L. Ganasaraswathi]], [[M. S. Rajeswari]], [[S. Janaki]], Kalyani, Ramola, Sundaramma, T. S. Bagavathi, Swarnalata, N. Lalitha, P. S. Vaideghi, Udutha Sarojini, M. S. Padma, G. Kasthoori and [[L. R. Eswari]].

The singing actors she sang with were [[J. P. Chandrababu]] and [[P. Bhanumathi]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Song !! Music director !! Co-singer
|-
| rowspan=4|1950 || rowspan=4|[[Paramanandayya Sishyulu]] || rowspan=4|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Polika Radha || rowspan=4|[[Ogirala Ramachandra Rao]] & [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| Chuchitava Janaka ||
|-
| Edira Lakshmana || [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| O Raaja ||
|-
| 1950 || [[Swapna Sundari (film)|Swapna Sundari]] || Telugu || Ohoho Maaraajaa || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| 1951 || Aakasa Raju || Telugu || || P. L. Roy ||
|-
| 1951 || [[Mayalamari]] || Telugu || Miyaam Miyaam He Huva Huva || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1951 || rowspan=2|[[Roopavathi]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || || rowspan="2" | ||
|-
| Vayaari Raajaa Jilibi Valapula Raniroy || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1951 || rowspan=2|[[Singari]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Oru Jaan Vayire Illaattaal || rowspan=2|[[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. R. Ramanathan & T. A. Kalyanam || K. H. Reddy
|-
| Konaadha Maratthinile || K. H. Reddy
|-
| rowspan=4|1952 || rowspan=4|[[Kalyani (1952 film)|Athinti Kapuram]] || rowspan=4|Telugu || Naa Jeevitha Saudhamu Nava || rowspan=4|[[G. Ramanathan]] & [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| Takku Takku Takku ||
|-
| || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| Mana Hrdhaya Viṇa Mrog ||
|-
| 1952 || [[Chinna Durai (1952 film)|Chinna Durai]] || Tamil || O Raagini Vaa Raagini || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[T. G. Lingappa]]
|-
| 1952 || Chinna Kodalu || Telugu || Ee Chaduvintekatha || G. Aswathama ||
|-
| rowspan=4|1952 || rowspan=4|[[Dharma Devatha]] || rowspan=4|Telugu || Ye Voore Chinnadaana || rowspan=4|[[C. R. Subburaman]] || K. Prasad Rao
|-
| Lambaadi Lambaadi.... O Thagidi Baava ||
|-
| Pataku Pallavi Kaavaaloy ||
|-
| Chindu Veyavoi Chinni Krishnaiyaa || B. N. Rao
|-
| rowspan=4|1952 || rowspan=4|[[Dharma Devatha|Dharma Dhevadhai]] || rowspan=4|Tamil || Joraana Minnal Polave || rowspan=4|[[C. R. Subburaman]] || D. B. Ramachandra
|-
| Lambaadi Lambaadi.... Thalukku Kaatti Kulukki ||
|-
| Paaduven Paarungo Thillaanaa ||
|-
| Vaaraamale Irundhiduvaano || [[C. R. Subburaman]]
|-
| rowspan=6|1952 || rowspan=6|[[Pelli Chesi Choodu|Kalyanam Panni Paar]] || rowspan=6|Tamil || Brammave Ye Brammave || rowspan=6|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[P. Leela]] & Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Kalyanam Seidhu Kattiduvom || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Evan Vandhalum Vida Maatten || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| Engu Sendrayo Piriya || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] & [[P. Leela]]
|-
| Emaali Endha Ooro || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Ammaa Novudhe Ammammaa Novudhe || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| rowspan=4|1952 || rowspan=4|[[Kalyani (1952 film)|Kalyani]] || rowspan=4|Tamil || Ini Pirivillaamale Vaazhvom Naam Ulaginile || rowspan=4|[[G. Ramanathan]] & [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| Takku Takku Takku ||
|-
| Endha Kaariyamaayinum .. Ulagamidhuve Ulagamappaa || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| En Vaazhvil Anbenum ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1952 || rowspan=2|[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Brahmayya O Brahmayya || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[P. Leela]] & Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Amma Noppule Ammamma Noppule || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| rowspan=2|1952 || rowspan=2|[[Singari]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Aavo Maharaj..Oka Jan || rowspan=2|[[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. R. Ramanathan & T. A. Kalyanam || K. H. Reddy
|-
| Kotaru Manipaine Goodu || K. H. Reddy
|-
| rowspan=2|1952 || rowspan=2|[[Valayapathi (film)|Valaiyapathi]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Alli Alli Alli || rowspan=2|[[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| Ennam Pole Vaazhve ||
|-
| 1953 || [[Amarakavi]] || Telugu || || [[G. Ramanathan]] & T. K. Kumara Swamy ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1953 || rowspan=2|[[Chandirani]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Vaaraamale Vandha Naalidhe || rowspan=2|[[C. R. Subburaman]] ||
|-
| Meow Meow Meow || Udutha Sarojini & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1953 || rowspan=3|[[Chandirani]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Ravo Varaala Elika Konavoyi Kanukaa || rowspan=3|[[C. R. Subburaman]] ||
|-
| Meow Meow Meow || Udutha Sarojini & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| Nalla Pilla Mee Malli Malli || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| 1953 || [[Chandirani]] || [[Hindi language|Hindi]] || Mera Billa Gora Hai Aur Teri Billi Kaali || [[C. R. Subburaman]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1953 || rowspan=2|[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadas]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Ellaam Maayai Thaanaa || rowspan=2|[[C. R. Subburaman]] ||
|-
| Uravum Illai Pagaiyum Illai || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1953 || rowspan=2|[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadasu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Antha Bhranthi Yenaa Jeevitana Velugintena || rowspan=2|[[C. R. Subburaman]] ||
|-
| Cheliya Ledhu Chelimi Ledhu || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| 1953 || [[Gumastha (1953 film)|Gumastha]] || Tamil || Sopalaangi Maappillaikku || [[C. N. Pandurangan]], [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[V. Nagayya]] || G. Kasthoori
|-
| 1953 || [[Jenova (film)|Jenova]] || Tamil || Sollaamale Kanne Pinne Varaadhe || [[T. A. Kalyanam]], [[M. S. Gnanamani]] & [[M. S. Viswanathan]]||
|-
| 1953 || [[Kangal (film)|Kangal]] || Tamil || Pongi Malarudhe Mangaiyin || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[G. Ramanathan]] || G. Kasthoori
|-
| 1953 || [[Kanna Talli]] || Telugu || Ide Ide Saaradu || [[Pendyala Nageshwara Rao]] || [[A. M. Rajah]]
|-
| 1953 || [[Mamiyar]] || Tamil || || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] ||
|-
| 1953 || Manjari || Telugu || Meere Cheppandayyaa Nyaayamu || [[H. R. Padmanaba Sastry]]||
|-
| rowspan=2|1953 || rowspan=2|[[Kanna Talli|Petra Thai]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Nilavile Oyyaaram || rowspan=2|[[Pendyala Nageshwara Rao]] || [[A. M. Rajah]]
|-
| Maamayilpol Aadi ||
|-
| 1953 || [[Pichi Pullayya]] || Telugu || Rarara.... O Pantulugaru Vinavemayya || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| 1953 || [[Prathignya]]|| Telugu || || [[T. A. Kalyanam]]||
|-
| 1953 || Puttilu || Telugu || Oh Ho Beauty || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan=5|1953 || rowspan=5|[[Sujatha (1953 film)|Sujatha]] || rowspan=5|[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] || Sumadhura Wey || rowspan=5|[[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]] ||
|-
| Ayyo Baa Baa || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]] & Sunil Premadasa
|-
| Pem Rella Nage || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]]
|-
| Manaranjana Darshaniya Lanka ||
|-
| Prema Gange || [[Mohideen Baig]]
|-
| 1953 || [[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|Thirumbi Paar]] || Tamil || Ponndutthu Padaitthaano || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] & T. S. Bagavathi
|-
| 1953 || [[Vanjam]] || Tamil || || [[T. A. Kalyanam]]||
|-
| 1954 || [[Anta Manavalle]]|| Telugu || Aapevarevaru Nijaanni || [[Master Venu]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1954 || rowspan=2|[[Chandraharam]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Alaigal Sayanamae || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1954 || rowspan=2|[[Chandraharam]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Evare Evare Challani Vennela || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| Angikam Bhuvanam.... Jayajaya || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & M. S. Padma
|-
| 1954 || Jyothi || Telugu || Ole Ole Ole Ole Yinnawa || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Manohar & Jogabai
|-
| 1954 || [[Koondukkili]] || Tamil || Vaanga Ellorume Ondraagave || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[V. N. Sundaram]] & [[Radha Jayalakshmi]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1954 || rowspan=2| [[Parivartana (1954 film)|Latchathipathi]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Aaandhame Peraanandhame || rowspan=2|[[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Sariyaanadha Veenaanadha ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1954 || rowspan=2|[[Maa Gopi]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Maa Vadina Maa Vadina || rowspan=2|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| Yuvathi Yuvakulu Manamantaa || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] & T. Satyavathi
|-
| 1954 || [[Naalvar]] || Tamil || Lovekku Lovekku Love || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
| 1954 || [[Nallakalam]] || Tamil || Kaandham Pol Paayum || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| 1954 || [[Nirupedalu]] || Telugu || Sir Polish || [[T. V. Raju]] ||
|-
| 1954 || [[Panam Paduthum Padu]] || Tamil || Alai Modhum Seidhi || [[T. A. Kalyanam]]||
|-
| 1954 || [[Parivartana (1954 film)|Parivartana]] || Telugu || Kaadantaraa Meeru Kaadantaaraa || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1954 || rowspan=2|[[Sorgavasal|Praja Rajyam]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Rave Rave O Cheli || rowspan=2|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Vimala Premaye Jeevanaleela || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| 1954 || [[Raju Peda]] || Telugu || Marindi Marindi Mana Rajakeeyame || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] ||
|-
| 1954 || [[Ratha Paasam (1954 film)|Ratha Paasam]] || Tamil || Aanandha Vaibogam || [[M. K. Athmanathan]] & A. V. Natarajan || [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1954 || [[Sugam Enge]] || Tamil || || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Aada Bidda]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || Rangulu Maarche Rangeli || rowspan=2|[[T. V. Raju]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Sri Janakidevi || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|Anthe Kavali || rowspan=2|Telugu || Okati Rendu Moodu || rowspan=2|[[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Raghunath Panigrahi]]
|-
| Ravoyi Itu Ravoyi ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Asai Anna Arumai Thambi]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Menagaiyum Naanuvaal || rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| Kaanaadha Kaatchigalai Paaru || [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Cherapakura Chedevu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Prema Prema Prema || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| Naatakam Aadudam || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1955 || rowspan=4|[[Guna Sundari]] || rowspan=4|Tamil || Therindhu Kolluveer Therindhu Kolluveer || rowspan=4|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| Thoodhu Sellum Kogilam || [[Jikki]]
|-
| Thaaragai Solaiyile Vennilaave || [[Jikki]]
|-
| Vaadaa Ennaasai Kannaalane Arugil Vaadaa Kolluveer ||
|-
| 1955 || [[Jayasimha (1955 film)|Jayasimha]] || Telugu || Kondameeda Kokkirayi Kaalujari Koolipoye || [[T. V. Raju]] ||
|-
| 1955 || [[Jayasimha (1955 film)|Jayasimman]] || Tamil || || [[T. V. Raju]] ||
|-
| 1955 || Mathalan || Sinhala || Handa Raahu Mukayehi || [[R. Muttusamy]] ||
|-
| 1955 || [[Kalvanin Kadhali (1955 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]] || Tamil || Alli Malar Solai || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] & [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[P. Bhanumathi]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Kathanayaki]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Ammammaa Aagaadhu Aavesam Koodadhu || rowspan=2|[[G. Ramanathan]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| Pasi Pasi Pasi Parama Yezhaigalin || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Mudhal Thethi]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Engum Inbame Pongum || rowspan=2|[[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Chinna Chinna Bommai Venum || [[T. V. Rathnam]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1955 || rowspan=2|[[Porter Kandan]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Kondattam Kondattam || rowspan=2|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Tiruchi Loganathan]], [[S. C. Krishnan]], K. R. Chellamuthu & Maadhavan
|-
| Vidumurai Vidumurai Vidumurai || Baby Rajakumari, Krishnaveni & Baby Jaya
|-
| 1955 || [[Santosham (1955 film)|Santosham]] || Telugu || Roopaayi Kaasulone Unnadi || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=7|1955 || rowspan=7|[[Seda Sulang]] || rowspan=7|Sinhala || Prem Prem Somibara Pemrali || rowspan=7|[[Ananda Samarakoon]] || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]]
|-
| Kellani Numbala || [[Ananda Samarakoon]]
|-
| Oo Enna ||
|-
| Amu Pitisarayeki Me || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]] & Sunil Premadasa
|-
| Kavi Kada Kasi Soyala || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]]
|-
| Oya Thamayi || Sunil Premadasa
|-
| Jeevana Mea Gamana Sansare || [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| 1955 || Vadina Gari Gajulu || Telugu || Varunaki Thagina || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| rowspan=3|1956 || rowspan=3|Balasanyasamma Katha || rowspan=3|Telugu || Attha Varintikee || rowspan=3|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[P. Leela]] & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Kala Kalalade Satikipatiki || P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Oho Oho Nimmapandu || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Chiranjeevulu (1956 film)|Amara Geetham]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || En Kanne En Kanne || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| Raamanaam Ennum Mittaai || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| 1956 || [[Bhagyodaya]] || [[Kannada]] || Anandha Gokula || [[L. Malleswara Rao]]|| [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]] & Subramanyam
|-
| 1956 || [[Bhale Ramudu]] || Telugu || Endunnavo Madhavaa || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Charana Daasi]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Nede Kadaa || rowspan=2|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| Yekkadunnadi || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Chiranjeevulu (1956 film)|Chiranjeevulu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Enchakka Enchakka || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| Raamanamanu Mitaayi || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-

| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Cherapakura Chedevu|Illarame Inbam]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Nadagamellam Aadalam || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| Prema Prema Prema || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|Kaalam Mari Pochu]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Punnagai Thanai Veesu || rowspan=2|[[Master Venu]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| Maariye Kelamma || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Marma Veeran]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Pavazha Naattu Ellaiyile Mullai Aadudhu || rowspan=2|[[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| O Aiyaa O Ammaa || [[J. P. Chandrababu]], [[S. C. Krishnan]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1956 || [[Marumalarchi (1956 film)|Marumalarchi]] || Tamil || Therinjadhukkellaam || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] ||
|-
| 1956 || [[Hatim Tai (1956 film)|Maya Mohini]] || Tamil || Unnai Kanda Pothile || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] ||
|-
| 1956 || [[Melukolupu]]|| Telugu || ThelisindandI Thelisindi || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] ||
|-
| 1956 || [[Nannambikkai]] || Tamil || Vaaraamal Irundhiduvaano || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[S. V. Venkatraman]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Ondre Kulam]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Mangkilai Maele Poonguyil Kooviyadhu || rowspan=2|[[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[M. Ranga Rao]] || [[N. L. Ganasaraswathi]], [[M. S. Rajeswari]] & Kalyani
|-
| Sirippu Varaadho ||
|-
| 1956 || [[Paasavalai]] || Tamil || Aiyaiya Neenga Ambalaiyaanga || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1956 || rowspan=2|[[Paditha Penn]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Vaadaadha Solai Malar Pootha Verlai || rowspan=2|Arun & Raghavan || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
| Gunamum Kula Dharma Gnaanamum || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
| 1956 || [[Prema Pasam]] || Tamil || || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1956 || [[Santosham (1955 film)|Santhosham]] || Telugu || Rupaai Kaasulone || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] ||
|-
| 1957 || [[Allauddin Adhbhuta Deepam]] || Telugu || Sogasari Dananayya Rangeli Singari || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1957 || [[Allauddin Adhbhuta Deepam|Allavudeenum Arputha Vilakkum]] || Tamil || Samayam Vachchuthaiyaa || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[K. R. Chellamuthu]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Achanum Makanum]] || rowspan=2|[[Malayalam]] || Aamalarkkaavil || rowspan=2|Vimal Kumar || [[A. M. Rajah]]
|-
| Njanoru Mulla ||
|-
| 1957 || Dhampatyam || Telugu || Ee Naati Amaayilu || [[Ramesh Naidu]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1957 || rowspan=3|[[Dongallo Dora]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Vanne Choodu Raajaa || rowspan=3|M. Subrahmanyam Raju ||
|-
| Aadukundam Raave Jantaga || Swarnalatha
|-
| Hoyalu Golupu ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Engal Veettu Mahalakshmi]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Kaatthaadi Kaatthaadi || rowspan=2|[[Master Venu]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Pollaadha Payalai Serthida Maattom || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Magathala Nattu Mary]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Jaya Jaya Jayame Peruvadhu Nijame || rowspan=2|R. Parthasarathi || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| Kannum Kannum || S. V. Ponnusamy
|-
| 1957 || [[Mayabazar|Maya Bajaar]] || Tamil || Dhayai Seiveerey || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[S. C. Krishnan]] & G. Kasthoori
|-
| 1957 || [[Mayabazar]] || Telugu || Dayacheyandi || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] & [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=5|1957 || rowspan=5|[[Rathnagiri Rahasya]] || rowspan=5|Kannada || O Raja O Maharaja || rowspan=5|[[T. G. Lingappa]] || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Yavvanave Ee Yavvanave || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Kaattu Raajaa Aiyaa Kaattu Raajaa || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| Baa Baa Baa Odi Baa || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| Aanandhaa Mahadhaanandhaa || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Rathnagiri Rahasya]]m || rowspan=2|Telugu || Yavvanave Ee Yavvanave || rowspan=2|[[T. G. Lingappa]] & M. Subramanya Raju || Ramola
|-
| Naattu Raajaa Aiyyaa Ittu Raa || Ramola
|-
| 1957 || [[Sati Anasuya (1957 film)|Sati Anasuya]] || Telugu || Enthentha Dooram || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1957 || [[Sati Savitri (1957 film)|Sati Savitri]] || Telugu || Jo Jo Bangarubomma || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|Swayamprabha || rowspan=2|Telugu || Ore Gunna Emo Anukunnaa || rowspan=2|[[Ramesh Naidu]] ||
|-
| Ole Soode Seli Itu Soodave || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan=6|1957 || rowspan=6|[[Thangamalai Ragasiyam]] || rowspan=6|Tamil || Varavenum Varavenum || rowspan=6|[[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[A. G. Rathnamala]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Yauvvaname En Yauvvaname || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Kaattu Raajaa Aiyaa Kaattu Raajaa || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| Vaa Vaa Vaa Odi Vaa || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| Aanandham Pudhu Aanandham || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| Thandhanatthaan Dhamukkaditthaan.... Veeradhi Veeran Sooraadhi Sooran || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Thodi Kodallu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Gaalipatam Gaalipatam || rowspan=2|[[Master Venu]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Ententha Dhooram Kosedu Dhooram || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Vadhante Pelli]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || Ravo Ravo Priyathama || rowspan=2|[[Rajan–Nagendra]] ||
|-
| Moraalinchavamma Niraasa Cheyakamma ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|[[Vinayaka Chaviti]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Vesenu Naa Madi Chindulu|| rowspan=2| [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| Chinni Krishnamma Chesina || [[P. Leela]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]], [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], Udutha Sarojini, P. S. Vaideghi & T. Sathyavathi
|-
| 1958 || [[Anna Thammudu (1958 film)|Anna Thammudu]] || Telugu || Chinnari Chethula Chirugaali Mrothalaa || G. Aswatthama || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[Mantra Dandam|Arasaala Pirandhavan]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Kaadhal Nilaave Ivvelai || rowspan=2|Nallam Nageswara Rao || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| Azhagulla Pachai Kili Paar ||
|-
| rowspan=3|1958 || rowspan=3|[[Boologa Rambai]] || rowspan=3|Tamil || Vanna Mayil Vel Murugan || rowspan=3|[[C. N. Pandurangan]] || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| Kodagu Malai Koottamungga || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] & [[S. V. Ponnusamy]]
|-
| Aalai Paaru Solakollai Bommai || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] & [[S. V. Ponnusamy]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1958 || rowspan=4|Booloka Rambha || rowspan=4|Telugu || Loyalalo Mayakuni Koyakulam || rowspan=4|[[C. N. Pandurangan]] || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| O Babu O Amma, Erragiri Vaasulam || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Yelello Memu Eruka Cheppi || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Dandakaavani Seethayu || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| 1958 || [[School Master (1958 film)|Engal Kudumbam Perisu]] || Tamil || Somasekara Loga Paalane || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[Kathavarayan (1958 film)|Kaathavarayan]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Vetriye Arulamma || rowspan=2|[[G. Ramanathan]]|| [[A. P. Komala]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & Sundaramma
|-
| Kumkara Kuppanna || [[S. C. Krishnan]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & Sundaramma
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[Karthavarayuni Katha]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Konda Meeda Chandamama || rowspan=2|[[G. Ramanathan]] & G. Aswathama ||
|-
| Poosey Malli Remma || [[A. P. Komala]], Sundaramma & [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[Neelamalai Thirudan|Kondaveeti Donga]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Thamalapaku Sunnamu || rowspan=2|S. L. Merchant & M. S. Sriram || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| Iddariki Iddarayaa || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1958 || [[Maalaiyitta Mangai]] || Tamil || Akkarai Cheemaikku Pona Macchaan || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| 1958 || [[Paanai Pidithaval Bhaagyasaali]] || Tamil || Ushaaru Ushaaru || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || G. Kasthoori
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Ellorum Kondaadum Raamaraajyame || rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. P. Komala]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]] & Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Mannellaam Ponnaagum Raaman Varavaaley || [[A. P. Komala]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]], [[S. C. Krishnan]], Udutha Sarojini & M. S. Padma
|-
| 1958 || [[Sarangadhara (1958 film)|Sarangadhara]] || Tamil || Kannaal Nalla Paaru || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[P. Bhanumathi]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1958 || rowspan=2|[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]] || rowspan=2|Kannada || Swami Devane Loka Paalane || rowspan=2|[[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| Bannirai Bannirai || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1958 || rowspan=3|[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Ee Nela Reyi || rowspan=3|[[A. M. Rajah]] ||
|-
| Oho Ee Sandhya Vela ||
|-
| Yavvanamantha Navanavalade || [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1958 || Sri Krishna Garadi || Telugu || Enni Chinnelunnavadu || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] ||
|-
| 1958 || [[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|Veera Khadgam]] || Telugu || Maimarapinche Chodhyamu || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Jikki]] & [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Arumai Magal Abirami]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Joraana Kattalagu Ponne || rowspan=2|[[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| Paaru Paaru Paaru Sirippaaru || [[A. G. Rathnamala]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Azhagarmalai Kalvan]] || Tamil || Mai Ezhudhi Pottumittu || [[B. Gopalam]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]] || Tamil || Thaalo Thaalo Oonjale || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]] || Telugu || Yentho Yentho Vinthale || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1959 || rowspan=4|[[Daiva Balam]] || rowspan=4|Telugu || Dum Dum Dummak || rowspan=4|[[G. Aswathama]]||
|-
| Jeevithame Endtho Haayi || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Bangkamatti Naagaa Patinam Vaagaa ||
|-
| Leneledha Raneradha || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| rowspan=3|1959 || rowspan=3|[[Deiva Balam]] || rowspan=3|Tamil || Kulla Nari Koottam Pole || rowspan=3|[[G. Aswathama]]||
|-
| Varave Varaadha Magizhve Tharaadaha || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Vaa Vaa Kaali Vaaraai Maakaali ||
|-
| 1959 || Gandhari Garvabangam || Telugu || Talagajala Naa Tanayula Baasi || Pamarthi & Sudhir Phadke ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|Jaya Vijaya || rowspan=2|Tamilelugu || Aadaali Peddaali Pillaa Ninnu || rowspan=2|[[Rajan–Nagendra]] || [[Rajan–Nagendra|Nagendra]]
|-
| Giligintalu Chkkiligiligintala || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] & [[Rajan–Nagendra|Nagendra]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Koothuru Kaapuram]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || Yedi Monagaadedi || rowspan=2|[[Ramesh Naidu]] ||
|-
| Ohoho Naa Vayyari Mamayya ||
|-
| 1959 || Mannan Magal || Tamil || Kannaala Unnai Korinen Naane || [[B. Gopalam]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|Manorama || rowspan=2|Telugu || Gathi Leni Vanni Guddi Vanni || rowspan=2|[[Ramesh Naidu]] || [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| Ohoho Kaanthamma || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Nala Damayanthi (1959 film)|Nala Damayanthi]] || Tamil || Thappi Pottu Thappu || [[B. Gopalam]] || [[B. Gopalam]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Pandithevan]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Kannum Karuthum || rowspan=2|[[C. N. Pandurangan]] & Meenakshi Subramanyam || [[Radha Jayalakshmi]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Sekku Poal Asaignchaadum ||
|-
| 1959 || [[Anbu Enge|Pedda Kodalu]] || Telugu || Antha Levandi Enno Cheyandi || [[M. Ranga Rao]] ||
|-
| 1959 || [[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|Pelli Sandadi]] || Telugu || Nallani Vade || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[P. Leela]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Pudhumai Penn (1959 film)|Pudumai Penn]] || Tamil || Aambalai Koottam Aadura Aattam || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Sabhash Ramudu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Jabili Velungulo || rowspan=2|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| Jabilli Velungulo Kaalindhichentha ||
|-
| 1959 || [[Sati Tulasi (1936 film)|Sati Tulasi]] || Telugu || Nanne Pendlada Vale Naa Sami || Pamarthi || P. Leela & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| rowspan=3|1959 || rowspan=3|[[Sipayi Koothuru]]|| rowspan="3" |Telugu || Mokkajonna Thotalo || rowspan=3|M. Subramanya Raju || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| O Lagajigi Lambadi || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| O Chilaka Gootilone || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1959 || [[Sirimali]]|| Sinhala || Prema Gange || [[V. Krishnamurthi]] || [[Christy Leonard Perera]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Sumangali (1959 film)|Sumangali]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Erindhaan Madhan Endru.... Pirakka Mukthi Irakka Mukthi || rowspan=2|[[M. Ranga Rao]] || T. K. Ramachandran
|-
| Vegamaagave Poravale.... Manasum Manasum Onnu Serndhu || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Aalukkoru Veedu]] || Tamil || Pennille Nee Pennille || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Bhakta Raghunath]] || Telugu || Narahari Bhojana || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Chavukkadi Chandrakantha]] || Tamil || Mannaa Mayangaadhe Nee || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Ellorum Innaattu Mannar]] || Tamil || Vetri Petra Maamanukku || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Engal Selvi|Kanna Koothuru]] || Telugu || Emi Peru Pettudaam || [[M. Ranga Rao]] || [[A. P. Komala]]
|-
| 1960 || Jagannatakam || Telugu || Antha Inthera || G. Aswathama || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1960 || rowspan=2|[[Pandithevan|Kotha Dari]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Kotha Daari Kotha Daari || rowspan=2|[[C. N. Pandurangan]] & [[S. V. Ramanan]] || [[Radha Jayalakshmi]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Ratamalle Thirigadu ||
|-
| 1960 || [[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu]] || Tamil || Unnai Kandu Roja Chendu || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Mahakavi Kalidasu]] || Telugu || Nanu Choodu Naa || [[Pendyala Nageshwara Rao]] & [[P. Suri Babu]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Abba Aa Hudugi|Mangaikku Maangalyame Pradhaanam]] || Tamil || Kaadhalil Inbathil Moozhgi || Jeevan || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1960 || [[Vijayapuri Veeran|Mugguru Veerulu]] || Telugu || Ahaa Orachoopu Choosaavaame || [[T. R. Pappa]] || K. H. Reddy
|-
| 1960 || [[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu|Pillalu Thechchina Rajyam]] || Telugu || Ninu Choochi Choochi Veedichipoduna || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1959 || rowspan=2|[[Koothuru Kaapuram|Ponnana Kudumbam]]|| rowspan="2" |Tamil || Nillu Nillu Maadhe || rowspan=2|P. Srinivasan ||
|-
| Ohoho Inge vaanga Mappille ||
|-
| 1960 || [[Samajam]]|| Telugu || Ninne Ninne Aye Aye || G. Aswathama || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| 1961 || [[Batasari]] || Telugu || || [[Master Venu]] ||
|-
| 1961 || Kanna Koduku || Telugu || Ide Ide Hai Ide Tolirei || [[S. P. Kodandapani]] || [[A. M. Rajah]]
|-
| 1961 || [[Chavukkadi Chandrakantha|Korada Veerudu]] || Telugu || Madhanaa Manasaayera || [[G. Ramanathan]] & J. Purushottam || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & Swarnalatha
|-
| 1961 || Madana Manjari || Telugu || Thelisene Ranga Rangeli || Pamarti & Mallik || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1961 || [[Naaga Nandhini|Papala Bhairavudu]] || Telugu || Kannu Kannu Okataye || Pamarthi || K. Appa Rao
|-
| 1961 || [[Indrajeet (Sati Sulochana)|Sati Sulochana]] || Telugu || Aadave Vayaari || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1961 || rowspan=2|Seetha || rowspan=2|Telugu || Naduvammayi Taka Taka || rowspan=2|[[M. Ranga Rao]] || K. Appa Rao
|-
| Prajalevaro Rajunu Nenaithe || [[Jikki]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & K. Appa Rao
|-
| rowspan=2|1961 || rowspan=2|[[Usha Parinayam (1961 film)|Usha Parinayam]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Ottesuko Ottesuko || rowspan=2|[[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Andhaalu Chindeti Ee Vanaseemalo || [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1961 || rowspan=3|[[Sivagangai Seemai|Yodhana Yodhulu]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Kanthivole Kalakalaga || rowspan=3|G. Aswathama || P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Tikku Tekkula Chitti Tekku ||
|-
| Dolu Melamu Kottandaha ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1962 || rowspan=2|[[Mannathi Mannan|Ekaika Veerudu]] || rowspan=2|Telugu || Evaro Evaro Iruvurilo || rowspan=2|[[S. P. Kodandapani]] || [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| Andaala Raani Maa Yuvaraani || [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Gaali Gopura]] || Kannada || Neene Kiladi Hennu || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Gaali Medalu]] || Telugu || Tea Shopuloni Pilla || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Indira En Selvam]] || Tamil || Inbam Kondaadum Maalai || H. R. Padmanabha Sasthri & [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Kalimilemulu]] || Telugu || Kommmalameeda || G. Aswathama || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Marutha Nattu Veeran|Khaḍgaveerudu]] || Telugu || Theeranidoka Sandeham || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || K. Appa Rao
|-
| 1962 || Mohini Rukmangada || Telugu || Srilola Dinavana Mammele || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & Udutha Sarojini
|-
| 1962 || [[Nagarjuna (film)|Nagarjuna]] || Telugu || Uyyaalalooge Naamad || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1962 || rowspan=3|[[Aval Yaar|Pathi Gowravame Sathikanandam]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Muripinchu Priyarani Mrudhuvaina Manjuvani || rowspan=3|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] ||
|-
| Vadharakumoyi Oye Vadharakumoyi || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| Sukham Sukham ||
|-
| 1962 || [[Rathna Manjari]] || Kannada || Yaaru Yaaru Nee Yaaru || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || [[Rajan–Nagendra|Nagendra]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Siri Sampadalu]] || Telugu || Varaniki Okkate Sunday || [[Master Venu]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Shri Shaila Mahathme|Srisaila Mahatmyam]] || Telugu || Le Malle Rekhala || Pamarthi ||
|-
| 1962 || [[Punar Janmam|Sthree Jeevitham]] || Telugu || Nelenante Natyamedhi || Pamarthi || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1962 || [[Veluthambi Dalawa (film)|Veluthambi Dalawa]] || Malayalam || Innu Nalla Laakkaa || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[K. P. Udayabhanu]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Anubandhalu]]|| Telugu || Chinna Chinna Pillalamu || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] || [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Kalayum Kaminiyum]] || Malayalam || Kaalathee Poomarachottil || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] || [[K. J. Yesudas]] & [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Lakshadhikari]] || Telugu || Achammaku Nityamu Seemantamayene || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || Swarnalata & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| rowspan=4|1963 || rowspan=4|[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]] || rowspan=4|Kannada || Ashvamedha Yagaaikkeega Jayamu Jayamu Jayamu || rowspan=4|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Jeya Jeya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa || [[J. V. Raghavulu]], [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]] & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Raamaiya Raamanu Kodhanda Raamanu || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Vallenolli Maavaa Neena Magalani || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1963 || rowspan=4|[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]] || rowspan=4|Telugu || Ashvamedha Yagaaniki Jayamu Jayamu Jayamu || rowspan=4|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Jeya Jeya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa || [[J. V. Raghavulu]], [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]] & P. S. Vaideghi
|-
| Ramaiya Ramudu Kodanda Ramudu || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1963 || rowspan=3|[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]] || rowspan=3|Tamil || Vetri Murasu Olikka Seiyyum Asvamedha Yaagaam || rowspan=3|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| Jeya Jeya Raam.... Sree Raamaa Parandhaamaa || [[J. V. Raghavulu]], [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]] & [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| Raamane Raamane Kodhanda Raamane || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Ellam Unakkaga|Mamakaram]] || Telugu || Otu Veyandi... Kaakaalupattalemu || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[J. V. Raghavulu]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Rathinapuri Ilavarasi|Naraanthakudu]] || Telugu || Neni Divinelu Raanine || Pamarthi || Swarnalatha & Sunanda
|-
| 1963 || [[Savati Koduku]] || Telugu || Emi Sogasu || [[Satyam (composer)|C. Satyam]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Somavara Vrata Mahatyam]]|| Telugu || Chinnari Papayi Vardhilavamma || [[Master Venu]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| 1963 || [[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]] || Telugu || Po Pora Mamayah || Pamarthi || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1963 || rowspan=2|[[Thalli Biddalu]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || Aadinchare Jola Ladinchare || rowspan=2|B. Shankara Rao ||
|-
| O Chinnadana || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| 1964 || [[Kannadi Maaligai|Addala Meda]] || Telugu || Cheliya Mukham || [[M. Ranga Rao]] ||
|-
| 1964 || [[Vaarasatwam]] || Telugu || Neemeeda Manasayara || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2|1964 || rowspan=2|[[Vazhi Piranthadu]] || rowspan=2|Tamil || Muththip Pochu Idhukku || rowspan=2|[[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| Vazhi Piranthadu, Nalla Vazhi Piranthadu ||
|-
| 1964 || [[Veluthambi Dalawa (film)|Veera Senapati]] || Telugu || Ahaha Aagu Intha Tekka || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] & Parthasarathy || [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| 1965 || [[Vishala Hrudayalu]] || Telugu || Okka Maata || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|-
| rowspan=3|1967 || rowspan=3|[[Ponnu Vilayum Bhoomi|Dhanyame Dhanalakshmi]] || rowspan=3|Telugu || Aangla Naagarika Ritulu || rowspan=3|[[M. Ranga Rao]] || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| Aanandaseema Andaala Bhaama ||
|-
| Hrdhayaalu Maarche Maikamu ||
|-
| 1968 || [[Harichandra (1968 film)|Harichandra]] || Tamil || Aadum Mayile Venumaa || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| rowspan=2|1968 || rowspan=2|[[Sati Arundhati]]|| rowspan="2" |Telugu || Poyirave Thalli || rowspan=2|G. Aswathama ||
|-
| Agni Sakshiga Pendliyadina || [[T. R. Jayadev]]
|-
| 1977 || Vasthade Maa Bava || Telugu || Thinabothoo Ruchi Adagaku || Ghantasala Vijayakumar || [[Jikki]]
|-
| Unreleased || Santhippu || Tamil || Netru Andhi Neratthile || ||
|}

=={{anchor|Tamil Islamic}}Tamil Islamic songs==
Tamil Islamic songs with Nagore E. M. Hanifa:
# ''"Odhuvom Vaarungal"''
# ''"Dheenore Niyayama"''
# ''"Vaazha Vaazha Nalla Vazhigal Undu"''
# ''"Arul Mevum Aandavare"''

=={{anchor|DMK Songs}}DMK songs==
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) songs with Hanifa:
# ''"Azhaikkindraar Azhaikkindraar Annaa"''
# ''"Vaazhga Dhraavida Naadu"''
# ''"Annaa Vaazhgave ... Annai Mozhi Kaatthu Nirkkum"''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://en.msidb.org/songs.php?singers=K%20Rani&singtype=solo&tag=Search&limit=1 List of Malayalam Songs by Singers K Rani]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rani, K}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]

Hot Spot (2024 film)

2026-04-04T15:10:25Z

MerryGrubb79668: new.

{{Short description|2024 anthology film by Vignesh Karthick}}
{{More plot|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Hot Spot (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vignesh Karthick]]
| writer = Vignesh Karthick
| producer = K. J. Balamanimarbhan Suresh Kumar Gokul Benoy
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Kalaiyarasan]]
* Sofia
* [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]]
* [[Ammu Abhirami]]
* [[Janani (actress)|Janani]]
* [[Gouri G. Kishan]]
* Subash
* Adithya Bhaskar
}}
| cinematography = Gokul Benoy
| editing = Muthayan U.
| music = Satish Raghunathan Vaan
| studio = KJB Talkies Seven Warrior Films 
Sixer Entertainment Veyilon Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|3|29}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Hot Spot''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[anthology film]] directed by [[Vignesh Karthick]] and starring [[Kalaiyarasan]], Sofia, [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]], [[Ammu Abhirami]], [[Janani (actress)|Janani]], [[Gouri G. Kishan]], Subash and Adithya Bhaskar. The film was released on 29 March 2024 to positive reviews from critics but performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2024 |title=I am ready to take a slipper shot if you don't like 'Hot Spot', says director Vignesh Karthick |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-ready-to-take-a-slipper-shot-if-you-dont-like-hot-spot-says-director-vignesh-karthick/articleshow/108996376.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409124452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-ready-to-take-a-slipper-shot-if-you-dont-like-hot-spot-says-director-vignesh-karthick/articleshow/108996376.cms |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{Expand section|August 2025|date=August 2025}}
The story revolves around four characters struggling to win their love.

== Cast ==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! style="background:#FF6EC7; width:25%" | ''Happy Married Life''
! style="background:#8A2BE2; width:25%" | ''Golden Rules''
! style="background:#AA0090; width:25%" | ''Thakkali Chutney''
! style="background:#FFA500; width:25%" | ''Fame Game''
|-
| valign="top" |
*[[Gouri G. Kishan]] as Dhanya
*Adithya Bhaskar as Vijay
| valign="top" |
*[[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]] as Siddharth
*[[Ammu Abhirami]] as Deepti
| valign="top" |
*[[Janani (actress)|Janani]] as Anitha
*Subash as Vetri
| valign="top" |
*[[Kalaiyarasan]] as Ezhumalai
*Sofia as Lakshmi
|}
* K. J. Balamanimarbhan as himself, a fictional film producer
*[[Vignesh Karthick]] as Mohammad Sherief, a fictional filmmaker<ref name="C" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Satish Raghunathan and Vaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Here's the full album of Hot Spot |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Mar/28/heres-the-full-album-of-hot-spot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408173907/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Mar/28/heres-the-full-album-of-hot-spot |archive-date=8 April 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hot Spot |url=https://gaana.com/album/hot-spot-tamil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417130013/https://gaana.com/album/hot-spot-tamil |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aiyayayo
| music1 = Vaan
| lyrics1 = Vignesh Ramakrishna
| extra1 = Kaber Vasuki
| length1 = 2:27
| title2 = What is Kalaacharam
| music2 = Satish Raghunathan
| lyrics2 = Maatheevan
| extra2 = [[Malathy Lakshman]]
| length2 = 3:23
| title3 = What is Kalaacharam Reprise
| music3 = Satish Raghunathan
| lyrics3 = Maatheevan
| extra3 = Malathy Lakshman
| length3 = 2:52
| total_length = 8:42
}}

== Critical reception ==
Roopa Radhakrishnan from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "All in all, ''Hot Spot'' features three stories that are humorously evocative and a fourth one [''Fame Game''] that's deeply disturbing".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=27 March 2024 |title=Hot Spot Movie Review: A Fascinating Film With Plenty Of Humorously Evocative Moments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/hot-spot/movie-review/108817821.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410060017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/hot-spot/movie-review/108817821.cms |archive-date=10 April 2024 |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Jayabhuvaneshwari B from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that "The overall film experience, however, is a mixed bag. We're left with plenty to think about, but the flaws are undeniable and linger on long after the credits roll".<ref name="C">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=28 March 2024 |title=Hot Spot Movie Review: Addresses taboos adeptly but falters in execution |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/29/hot-spot-movie-review-addresses-taboos-adeptly-but-falters-in-execution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408174208/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Mar/29/hot-spot-movie-review-addresses-taboos-adeptly-but-falters-in-execution |archive-date=8 April 2024 |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Manigandan KR from ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that "In all, ''Hot Spot'' is a feminist film that raises more questions than it provides answers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=KR |first=Manigandan |date=27 March 2024 |title=Hot Spot Review: A Feminist Film That Raises More Questions Than It Provides Answers |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/hot-spot-review-a-feminist-film-that-raises-more-questions-than-it-provides-answers-review-108800341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404053651/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/hot-spot-review-a-feminist-film-that-raises-more-questions-than-it-provides-answers-review-108800341 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
{{Vignesh Karthick}}
[[Category:2020s feminist films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vignesh Karthick]]
[[Category:Indian anthology films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Singnapur Assembly constituency

2026-04-02T01:40:42Z

MerryGrubb79668:

Kalmeshwar Assembly constituency
Singnapur Assembly constituency
{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Singnapur
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1978
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 176,125
| mla = Suresh Ambadasrao Warpudkar
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Singnapur Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Uttamrao Abaji Gawali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Raosaheb Bapusaheb Jamkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Balasaheb Rajaramji Game|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 elections in India#Maharashtra|1985 By-election]] || D. W. K. S. A. Rao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=2 | [[Suresh Warpudkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Manikrao Sopanrao Jadhav || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Suresh Warpudkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Ambadasrao Warpudkar |party=Independent politician |votes=45,561 |percentage=35.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ambegaonkar Manikrao Sopanrao (Jadhav) |party=Shiv Sena |votes=26,158 |percentage=20.52% |change={{decrease}}18.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jamkar Raosaheb Bapusaheb |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,488 |percentage=20.00% |change={{decrease}}9.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Phale Babasaheb Sheshrao |party=Independent politician |votes=17,848 |percentage=14.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rabadade Vitthal Jivanaji |party=Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes=4,540 |percentage=3.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Abdagire Aashroba Baburao |party=Independent politician |votes=3,343 |percentage=2.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salve Sudhakar Umaji |party=Independent politician |votes=1,663 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,403 |percentage=15.22% |change= {{increase}}5.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=127,448 |percentage=72.36% |change= {{increase}}3.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,125 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}3.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Manikrao Sopanrao |party=Shiv Sena |votes=41,656 |percentage=39.22% |change={{increase}}17.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Phale Babasaheb Sheshrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,101 |percentage=29.28% |change={{decrease}}13.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghatge Rambhau Nanasaheb |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=21,386 |percentage=20.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hake Suryakant Mukund |party=Independent politician |votes=3,008 |percentage=2.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Zafar Ahmedkhan Mahboobkhan |party=Independent politician |votes=805 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,555 |percentage=9.94% |change= {{decrease}}9.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=106,209 |percentage=64.46% |change= {{decrease}}9.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,556 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Shiv Sena |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Ambadasrao Warpudkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=49,540 |percentage=42.42% |change={{decrease}}16.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gawali Uttamrao Abaji |party=Independent politician |votes=26,415 |percentage=22.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Mangala Haribhau |party=Shiv Sena |votes=25,929 |percentage=22.20% |change={{decrease}}15.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shisodia Sushil Keshavrao |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes=5,170 |percentage=4.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Manikrao Rashoji |party=Independent politician |votes=3,597 |percentage=3.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. Gaus M. Yashin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,374 |percentage=1.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Wamanrao Ranganath |party=Independent politician |votes=883 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,125 |percentage=19.80% |change= {{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=116,776 |percentage=76.66% |change= {{increase}}10.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,016 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}16.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Ambadasrao Warpudkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,295 |percentage=58.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Renge Tukaram Ganpatrao |party=Shiv Sena |votes=37,882 |percentage=38.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Laxmanrao Tatyarao |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,246 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,413 |percentage=20.51% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,551 |percentage=67.74% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 144,570 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 elections in India#Maharashtra|1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=D. W. K. S. A. Rao |party=Independent politician |votes=24,331 |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gawali Uttamrao Abaji |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=24,019 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=312 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Game Balasaheb Rajaramji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,562 |percentage=53.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gawali Uttamrao Abaji |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=30,955 |percentage=44.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,607 |percentage=9.40% |change= {{decrease}}32.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,309 |percentage=59.78% |change= {{increase}}10.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,615 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Jamkar Raosaheb Bapusaheb |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=32,184 |percentage=59.45% |change={{increase}}39.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naik Babarao Sapanrao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes=9,306 |percentage=17.19% |change={{decrease}}4.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rasad Devidasrao Bajirao |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=8,274 |percentage=15.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thenge Kishanrao Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,454 |percentage=2.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kachawe Balasaheb Tulsiram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,199 |percentage=2.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,878 |percentage=42.26% |change= {{increase}}31.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,132 |percentage=49.70% |change= {{decrease}}8.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,745 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}26.97 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Singnapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gawali Uttamrao Abaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,860 |percentage=32.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Manikrao Kishanrao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes=12,881 |percentage=22.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Choudhari Narayanrao Trimbakrao |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=11,419 |percentage=19.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavane Ganpatrao Shankerrao |party=Janata Party |votes=8,448 |percentage=14.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mokashe Kalyanrao Rajeshwarrao |party=Independent politician |votes=2,673 |percentage=4.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kachve Mohanrao Tulsiram |party=Independent politician |votes=944 |percentage=1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kale Piraji Govindrao |party=Independent politician |votes=567 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,979 |percentage=10.30% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,062 |percentage=57.75% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,160 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

College of Applied Science Kozhikode (IHRD)

2026-03-28T00:13:15Z

MerryGrubb79668: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of educational institutions in Kozhikode district]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Tungjoy Rikhubumai

2026-03-25T07:31:37Z

MerryGrubb79668: creating first data added tags.

{{Short description|Village in Manipur, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup|reason=Not all statements are supported by sources|date=October 2025}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2025}}
{{excessive citations|date=October 2025}}
}}

[[File:Rikhubumai village.png|thumb|340x340px|A satellite image of Tungjoy Rikhubumai in August, 2025]]
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'''Tungjoy Rikhubumai''' is a [[Poumai people|Poumai]] village under the [[List of populated places in Senapati district|Paomata]] sub-division in the [[Senapati District]] of [[Manipur]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web | title=Tungjoy Rikhubumai village in Paomata taluka, Senapati, Manipur | url=https://vill.co.in/manipur/senapati/paomata-272018590/tungjoy-rikhubumai-018592685040/ }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web | title=TD Blocks | Senapati District, Government of Manipur | India | url=https://senapati.nic.in/td-blocks/ }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web | title=Tungjoy Rikhubumai Village Population - Paomata - Senapati, Manipur | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268504-tungjoy-rikhubumai-manipur.html }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web | title=Tungjoy Rikhubumai, Paomata, Senapati, Manipur, India - Geolysis Local | url=http://geolysis.com/p/in/mn/senapati/paomata/tungjoy-rikhubumai }}</ref> It is an extended village of the larger [[Tungjoy]] village and the Rikhubumai villagers consist of a large clan called the Veimai. Some of the members of the Veimai clan also remain in the Tungjoy village.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> With the growth of increased population, three sub-clans have emerged as Paopaomai, Thetsiimai and Thekhomai. Thetsiimai and Thekhomai are often grouped together with their collective name Riithriinya.

The villagers predominantly follow Christianity faith within the two popular denominations; Roman Catholics and Baptist Church. Rikhubumai village do not have separate independent Churches but share with the Tungjoy village and remain closely bonded.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Manipur}}

[[Category:Villages in Senapati district]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

T. M. Karthik

2026-03-24T13:55:46Z

MerryGrubb79668: quick adjusted article to improve readability and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| name = T. M. Karthik
| birth_place = [[Chennai]]
| birth_name = T. M. Karthik Srinivasan
| other names =
| occupation = Actor
| spouse =
| yearsactive = 2004–present
| website =
}}
'''T. M. Karthik''' is an Indian actor acted in stage plays and feature films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/speaks/31-karthik-t-m-theatre-speaks.asp|title=Karthik T M : Theatre Speaks : www.MumbaiTheatreGuide.com|website=www.mumbaitheatreguide.com|access-date=2018-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/%E2%80%98I-separate-god-from-spirituality%E2%80%99/2013/04/20/article1552575.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325174053/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/%E2%80%98I-separate-god-from-spirituality%E2%80%99/2013/04/20/article1552575.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2014|title='I separate god from spirituality'|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-10-15}}</ref> He made his acting debut in films with ''[[Kanavu Meippada Vendum]]'' (2004).

==Career==
Since 1994, Karthik has acted in over 60 productions and been on stage over 500 times to perform. Before becoming an actor, Karthik worked in the corporate world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/karthik-calling-karthik/article2919768.ece|title=Karthik calling Karthik|last=Kamath|first=Sudhish|date=2012-02-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> TM Karthik is a part of the Evam group founded by [[Karthik Kumar]]. some of his films include ''[[Madrasapattinam]]'', ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'', ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'', ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'' and he got his breakthrough as Ileana's price conscious fiancé in ''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=17153&id1=3&issue=20200823|title=பெயர் தெரியா நட்சத்திரங்கள்..! - Kungumam Tamil Weekly Magazine|website=www.kungumam.co.in}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!Year||Film||Role||Notes
|-
|2004 || ''[[Kanavu Meippada Vendum]]'' || Raju ||
|-
|2007||''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''|| Doctor || Hindi film; uncredited
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009||''[[Sarvam]]''|| Naren ||
|-
|''[[Thiru Thiru Thuru Thuru]]''|| Mute hospital worker ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010||''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]''|| Dilli ||
|-
|''[[Madrasapattinam]]''|| Painter || uncredited
|-
|2011||''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]''|| Krishna's friend ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012||''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]''|| Rakesh (Pricetag) ||
|-
|''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]''|| Pi Patel's science teacher ||English film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013||''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]''|| Booshan ||
|-
|''[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]''|| Sunny ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015 || ''[[Ivanuku Thannila Gandam]]'' || Kasinathan ||
|-
| ''[[Indru Netru Naalai]]'' || Giridhara Parthasarathy ||
|-
| ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
| ''[[Vellaiya Irukiravan Poi Solla Maatan]]'' || Sharma ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016 || ''[[Sawaari (2016 film)|Sawaari]]'' || Psycho ||
|-
| ''[[Ayynoorum Ayynthum]]'' || The Radical ||
|-
|''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]''|| Kajal's brother-in-law ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018 || ''[[Gulaebaghavali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Diya (film)|Diya]]'' || Police officer ||
|-
|''[[Bhaskar Oru Rascal]]''|| Parthasarathy ||
|-
| ''[[Chekka Chivantha Vaanam]]'' || Ranjith ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2019 || ''[[Viswasam]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
|''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]''|| Stand-up comedian ||
|-
|''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu 2]]''|| Dr. Karthik ||
|-
|''[[Gurkha (film)|Gurkha]]''|| QTV Owner ||
|-
|''[[Aadai]]''|| Senz ||
|-
|''[[Zombie (2019 film)|Zombie]]''|| MSD ||
|-
|''[[Bigil]]'' || J. K. Sharma's assistant ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Indha Nilai Maarum]]'' || General manager ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2021 || ''[[Kamali from Nadukkaveri]]'' || Professor ||
|-
|''[[Raajavamsam]]''|| Deepak ||
|-
|''[[Velan (film)|Velan]]''|| Madhivanan ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022 || ''[[Enna Solla Pogirai]]'' || Bank manager ||
|-
| ''[[Yugi (film)|Yugi]]'' || rowspan="2"| Barber shop customer ||
|-
|''[[Yugi (film)|Adrishyam]]'' || [[Malayalam]] film
|-
|''[[Naai Sekar Returns]]'' || Babloo ||
|-
|''[[DSP (film)|DSP]]''|| Constable Srikanth ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Ghosty (film)|Ghosty]]'' || Police officer ||
|-
| ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' || Manager ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024 || ''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
|''[[Bloody Beggar]]'' || Sunil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || ''[[Gangers (film)|Gangers]]'' || Charles ||
|-
| ''[[Red Flower]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2026 || |''Vengeance'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vengeance (2026) |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/palwal/vengeance-2026/ET00481782|access-date=2026-03-13 |work=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|}

;Television
*[[What If Batman Was From Chennai?|''Batman Returns... To Chennai | The Middle Ages'']] (2015) as [[Lucius Fox]] / Otteri Nari
*''[[Vella Raja]]'' (2018) as Kamesh
*''[[Rocket Boys]]'' (2022) as [[C. V. Raman]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://twitter.com/TeaeMKay T. M. Karthik] on Twitter
*{{IMDb name|3605032}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karthik, T. M.}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]

Kalambadi Muhammad Musliyar

2026-03-23T21:19:39Z

MerryGrubb79668: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalambadi Muhammed Musliyar
| image = Kalambadi Mohammed Musliyar.jpeg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1934
| birth_place = Kalambadi, [[Malappuram]] [[Kerala state]], [[India]].
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|10|02|1934|df=yes}}<ref name=daijiworld>{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=151544 |title=Mangalore: Noted Scholar Kalambadi Muhammed Musliyar No More |publisher=Daijiworld.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-07}}</ref>
| known_for = Former president of [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK faction)|Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama]]
| website = {{URL|www.samastha.net}}
}}

'''Kalambadi Muhammad Musliyar''' (1934 – 2 October 2012) was a [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] religious scholar from [[Kerala state]] and president of [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK Sunnis)|Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama]] (EK Faction), one the largest muslim organisation of Kerala, from September 2004 until his death on 2 October 2012.

==Early life==
Kalambadi Usthad was born in an orthodox Muslim family in Kalambadi, a village in [[Malappuram]] city, Kerala. After the primary studies in native land, he went to Baqiyathu Swalihath, Vellore, [[Tamil Nadu]]. After being graduated from the religious institution of Baqiyath, he returned to the native land and carried on the educational field for years. He was 2nd rank holder in Baqavi graduation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/mmonline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=12547798&programId=1073753987&channelId=-1073751706&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=11 |title=Manorama Online {{!}} Home {{!}} Editorial {{!}} |website=www.manoramaonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004191930/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=12547798&programId=1073753987&channelId=-1073751706&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=11 |archive-date=2012-10-04}} </ref>

==In Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama==
He was selected to the Mushavara during the early period of 1971 and was elected as president in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunni scholar Kalambadi Mohammed Musliyar is no more |url=https://www.mangaloretoday.com/main/Sunni-scholar-Kalambadi-Mohammed-Musliyar-is-no-more.html |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.mangaloretoday.com}}</ref>

==Demise==
The leader of the largest Muslim outfit in Kerala, respected Kalambadi Muhammad Musliyar died on Tuesday, 2 October 2012 in a private hospital in Perinthalmanna following a heart attack.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=1870197&programId=7940924&channelId=-1073881580&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=9 Manorama Online| Muslim |]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080421162504/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/17/stories/2008041752550300.htm ''The Hindu'' : "Kerala / Kozhikode News : Samastha State meet from April 19"]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110122024311/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/17/stories/2011011757220900.htm The Hindu : Kerala / Kozhikode News : Jamiya fete concludes]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120509045058/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/12/stories/2011051262840300.htm The Hindu : Kerala / Kozhikode News : Uphold religious values, faithful told]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Musliyar, Kalambadi Muhammad}}
[[Category:Indian imams]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Islam in Kerala]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Kerala Sunni-Shafi'i scholars]]

Public Account (India)

2026-03-23T00:29:08Z

MerryGrubb79668: expanded content as per guidelines and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian central government fund}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{multiple issues|{{notability|date=August 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}
}}
The '''Public Account of India''' was constituted by Article 266(2) of the [[Indian Constitution]] which states that "All other public moneys received by or on behalf of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall be credited to the public account of India or the public account of the State, as the case may be." Here "other" signifies other than the Consolidated Fund of India.<ref>{{cite book |author= |date=2020 |title=The Constitution of India |url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI_1.pdf |location= |publisher= Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India |page= |isbn=}}</ref>

It deals with the money received by the [[Government of India|Indian Government]], i.e. state provident funds, various pre-deposits under national small savings fund, [[depreciation]] and reserve funds of departmental undertakings, national defense fund, etc. are paid into public accounts. These funds do not belong to the government, they have to be paid back at some time to their rightful owners. The government is merely acting as a banker in the transactions of public account.

Because of this nature of the fund, expenditures from it are not required to be approved by the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].

The Public Account of India is divided under 5 heads. These are :1.Small Savings, provident fund and other account.2.Reserve Funds,3.Deposit and Advances,4.Supreme and miscellaneous and 5. Remittances

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Law of India]]

{{India-law-stub}}

Ashokan (actor)

2026-03-16T21:01:21Z

MerryGrubb79668: small changes

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{distinguish|text=the Tamil actor [[S. A. Ashokan|Asokan]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashokan
| image = Ashokan AE Malayalam Film Actor.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1961|05|23}}
| birth_place = [[Chingoli]], [[Haripad]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = actor
| spouse = Sreeja
| children = Karthiayani
| parents = Samudayathil N. P. Unnithan Azhakath Savithri
| years active = 1979–present
}}
'''Ashokan''' is an Indian actor known for his roles in [[Malayalam film]]s. He made his film debut with ''[[Peruvazhiyambalam]]''<ref name="nie">{{cite news |last1=Ians |title=Four decades in Malayalam filmdom, Ashokan going strong as ever |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/jan/16/four-decades-in-malayalam-filmdom-ashokan-going-strong-as-ever-1755324.html |publisher=newindianexpress.com |date=16 Jan 2018}}</ref> which won the 1979 National Film Award for Best Feature Film. He is best known for his roles in ''[[Yavanika]]'' (1982), ''[[Yuvajanotsavam]]'' (1986), ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' (1987), ''[[Moonnam Pakkam]]'' (1988), ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' (1990), ''[[Amaram]]'' (1991), ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' (2009) ,and ''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' (2010).

==Career==

He made his debut in 1979 with ''[[Peruvazhiyambalam]]'', directed by [[Padmarajan]], in which he played a 15-year-old boy who becomes a fugitive after killing a bully.<ref name="nie" /> This was followed by roles in Padmarajan's films ''[[Arappatta Kettiya Gramathil]]'' (1986), ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' (1987) and ''[[Moonnam Pakkam]]'' (1988). He had the lead role in ''[[Anantaram]]'', directed by [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/life-style/success/67626 |title=എന്റെ ഭാഗ്യനിര്‍ഭാഗ്യങ്ങള്‍... | mangalam.com |access-date=29 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060838/http://www.mangalam.com/life-style/success/67626 |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==

Ashokan was born as the youngest of four children to (both late) Samudayathil N. P. Unnithan and Azhakath Savithri Kunjamma on 23 May 1961 at [[Chingoli]], [[Haripad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/364817 |title=അഭിമാനം വിറ്റ്‌ ജീവിക്കാറില്ല |publisher=mangalam.com |date=28 September 2015 |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> His father was a public prosecutor with the CBI and his mother was a housewife.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marunadanmalayali.com/index.php?page=newsDetail&id=30474 |title=The Largest Malayalam Online News Portal |publisher=MarunadanMalayali.com |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> He lost his father when he was young and was brought up by his mother. Ashokan completed his basic education at Chingoli L.P. School, Chingoli, Upper Primary Education completed in PMDUPS, Cheppad, and High School at St. Thomas H. S. [[Karthikappally|Karthikapally]]. He graduated in arts from [[T. K. Madhava Memorial College]], [[Nangiarkulangara]], [[Haripad]]. He was studying for his pre-degree first year when he was offered a role in ''[[Peruvazhiyambalam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennai.malayali.directory/ashokan-a-e/ |title=Ashokan. A.E |publisher=Chennai Malayali Directory |date=23 May 1967 |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>

He is married to Sreeja and has a daughter, Karthiyayani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mangalam Varika 27-Aug-2012|url=http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/47/12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829222600/http://mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/47/12|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 August 2012|publisher=Mangalamvarika.com}}</ref> They currently reside in [[Chennai]].<ref name="nie" />

==Filmography==

=== 1970s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1979 || ''[[Peruvazhiyambalam]]'' || Raman/Mani ||
|-
|| ''[[Avano Atho Avalo]]'' || ||
|-
|}

=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Oridathoru Phayalvaan]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1982 || ''[[Idavela]]'' || John Thomas ||
|-
|| ''[[Yavanika]]'' || Vishnu ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1984 || ''[[Oru Kochukatha Aarum Parayatha Katha]]'' || Gopi ||
|-
|| ''[[Mukhamukham]]'' || Sudhakaran ||
|-
|| ''[[Aduthaduthu]]'' || Jeevan Philip ||
|-
|| ''[[Aattuvanchi Ulanjappol]]'' || Janardanan ||
|-
|| ''[[Unaroo]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1985 || ''[[Thinkalazhcha Nalla Divasam]]'' || Venu ||
|-
|| ''[[Eeran Sandhya]]'' || Ashokan ||
|-
|| ''Scene No 7'' || ||
|-
|| ''Thozhil Allengil Jail'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Gaayathridevi Ente Amma]]'' || Thomachan ||
|-
|| ''[[Irakal]]'' || Raghavan ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1986 || ''[[Yuvajanotsavam]]'' || Jacob Zakharia ||
|-
|| ''[[Abhayam Thedi]]'' || Anil ||
|-
|| ''[[Arappatta Kettiya Gramathil]]'' || Hilal ||
|-
|| ''[[Gandhinagar 2nd Street]]'' || Tomy ||
|-
|| ''[[Chilambu]]'' || Raamu ||
|-
|| ''[[Pranamam]]'' || Damu ||
|-
|| ''[[Sayam Sandhya]]'' || Narendran ||
|-
|| ''Icecream'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1987 || ''[[Idanazhiyil Oru Kaalocha]]'' || Vincent Vattoly ||
|-
|| ''[[Vilambaram (1987 film)|Vilambaram]]'' || Basheer ||
|-
|| ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' || Rishi ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Maymasappularayil]]'' || Cricket Star ||
|-
|| ''[[Jaalakam]]'' || Appu ||
|-
|| ''[[Anantaram]]'' || Ajayan ||
|-
|| ''Ellavarkkum Nanmakal'' || ||
|-
|| ''Ponnu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1988 || ''[[Vaishali (film)|Vaishali]]'' || Chandrangadan ||
|-
|| ''[[Moonnam Pakkam]]'' || Ranjith Menon ||
|-
|| ''Mrithyunjayam'' || Sunny ||
|-
|| ''[[Janmandharam]]'' || Hari ||
|-
|| ''Oru Vivaada Vishayam'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Sangham (1988 film)|Sangham]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Arjun Dennis'' || ||
|-
| ''[[New Delhi (1988 Hindi film)|New Delhi]]'' || || Hindi film
|-
|| ''Thaala'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[David David Mr. David]]'' || David (Jayan) ||
|-
| rowspan=4 |1989 || ''[[Season (film)|Season]]'' || Porinchu ||
|-
|| ''Ashokante Ashwathykuttikku'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Swagatham (1989 film)|Swagatham]]'' || Tito Francis ||
|-
|| ''[[Rugmini]]'' || ||
|-
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1990 || ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' || Thomaskutty ||
|-
|| ''[[No.20 Madras Mail]]'' || Sunil / Suresh ||
|-
|| ''[[Samrajyam]]'' || Anil ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1991 || ''[[Aavanikunnile Kinnaripookkal]]'' || Ajayan ||
|-
|| ''[[Amina Tailors]]'' || Azeez ||
|-
|| ''[[Ulladakkam]]'' || Kishore ||
|-
|| ''[[Mimics Parade]]'' || Jimmy ||
|-
|| ''[[Kizhakkunarum Pakshi]]'' || Anandhu's Friend ||
|-
|| ''[[Arangu (film)|Arangu]]'' || Unni Viswanath ||
|-
|| ''[[Apoorvam Chilar]]'' || Bobby Punnoose ||
|-
|| ''[[Amaram]]'' || Raghavan ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1992 || ''[[Thalastaanam]]'' || Pappan ||
|-
|| ''Neelakurukkan'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kasarkode Khaderbai]]'' || Jimmy ||
|-
|| ''Nakshthrakoodaram'' || Manoharan ||
|-
|| ''[[Kallan Kappalil Thanne]]'' || Premchandran ||
|-
|| ''[[Mahanagaram]]'' || Ummerkutti ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1993 || ''[[Samagamam]]'' || Joy ||
|-
|| ''[[Savidham]]'' || Shivadasa Menon ||
|-
|| ''[[Ponnuchami]]'' || Rajappan ||
|-
|| ''[[O' Faby]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Kulapathy'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1994 || ''[[Kudumba Visesham]]'' || Uthaman ||
|-
|| ''[[Chief Minister K. R. Gowthami]]'' || Santhosh ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1995 || ''[[Samudhayam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Spadikam]]'' || Jerry ||
|-
|| ''[[Sasinas]]'' || Vaikom Muhammad Basheer ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1996 || ''[[Dominic Presentation (film)|Dominic Presentation]]'' || James ||
|-
|| ''Moonilonnu'' || Venugopal ||
|-
|| ''Ishtamanu Nooru Vattam'' || Siddique Shameer ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1997 || ''[[Manthramothiram]]'' || Prasad ||
|-
|| ''[[Sundarakilladi]]'' || Bhuvanappan ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1999 || ''[[Crime File]]'' || Seemon ||
|-
|| ''[[Aayiram Meni]]'' || Damu ||
|-
|}

=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=3 |2001 || ''[[Nariman (film)|Nariman]]'' || K. Ravikumar ||
|-
|| ''Jyothirgamaya'' || ||
|-
|| ''Andolanam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2002 || ''[[Krishna Gopalakrishna]]'' || Peter ||
|-
|| ''Suvarna Mohangal'' || Sekharankutty ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2003 || ''[[Parinamam]]'' || Satheesan ||
|-
|| ''[[Mullavalliyum Thenmavum]]'' || Chinnarangan ||
|-
|| ''[[Vellithira (2003 film)|Vellithira]]'' || Gopu ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Police (2005 film)|Police]]'' || Saji Allen ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2007 || ''[[Romeoo]]'' || Subramanian ||
|-
|| ''[[Hello (2007 film)|Hello]]'' || Sebastian ||
|-
|| ''[[Nagaram (2007 film)|Nagaram]]'' || Stephen ||
|-
|| ''[[Ottakkayyan]]'' || Mr. B ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2008 || ''[[Swarnam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Pennum Randaanum]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Aayudham (2008 film)|Ayudham]]'' || Hari ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2009 || ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' || Thomaskutty ||
|-
|| ''[[Calendar (2009 film)|Calendar]]'' || Punyalan ||
|-
|| ''[[Vairam: Fight for Justice]]'' || Thalikkulam George Kutty ||
|-
|}

=== 2010s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2010 || ''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' || Thomaskutty ||
|-
|| ''[[Paappi Appacha]]'' || Shashankan Muthalali ||
|-
|| ''[[Again Kasargod Khader Bhai]]'' || Jimmy||
|-
|| ''[[Advocate Lakshmanan – Ladies Only]]'' || Thomas George||
|-
|| ''[[April Fool (2010 film)|April Fool]]'' || Vishwanath ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2011 || ''[[Three Kings (2011 film)|Three Kings]]'' || Ashok Varma ||
|-
|| ''[[Teja Bhai and Family]]'' || Gopan ||
|-
|| ''[[Sarkar Colony]]'' || Mukundan ||
|-
|| ''[[Melvilasom]]'' || Dr. Gupta ||
|-
|| ''Kottarathil Kutty Bhootham'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[The Filmstaar]]'' || S Aravindan ||
|-
|| ''[[Mohabbath (2011 film)|Mohabbath]]'' || Nissar ||
|-
|| ''[[Innanu Aa Kalyanam]]'' || Krishnakutty ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2012 || ''[[Kalikaalam (2012 film)|Kalikaalam]]'' || Ravi Nair ||
|-
|| ''[[Banking Hours 10 to 4]]'' || Salman Azharudeen ||
|-
|| ''[[Mullamottum Munthiricharum]]'' || Thomichan ||
|-
|| ''[[Namukku Parkkan]]'' || K.K. ||
|-
|| ''[[Josettante Hero]]'' || Ravi Prakash ||
|-
|| ''[[Karmayogi (2012 film)|Karmayogi]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kunjaliyan]]'' || Viswan ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2013 || ''[[Annum Innum Ennum]]'' || Thomas ||
|-
| ''Mizhi'' || Santhosh ||
|-
|| ''[[Crocodile Love Story]]'' || Narayanan Namboothiri ||
|-
|| ''[[Nadodimannan]]'' || Vinayachandran ||
|-
|| ''Weeping Boy'' || Issac||
|-
|| ''[[Entry (film)|Entry]]'' || Thampi ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2014 || ''Mizhi Thurakku'' || ||
|-
|| ''Village Guys'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Manja (film)|Manja]]'' || Prasad ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2015 || ''[[Nirnayakam]]'' || Adv. Shafeer ||
|-
|| ''[[Two Countries]]'' || Mukundan ||
|-
|| ''[[John Honai]]'' || Johny Valookkaran ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Pa Va]]'' || Chackochan ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2017 || ''[[Vimaanam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Careful (2017 film)|Careful]]'' || [[Inspector of Police#Kerala|CI]] Purushothaman ||
|-
|| ''[[Ramaleela]]'' || S. P. Balachandran ||
|-
|| ''[[Pokkiri Simon]]'' || H C Yesudas ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Panchavarnathatha]]'' || Udayan ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2019 || ''[[Mikhael (film)|Mikhael]]'' || Antony || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-09 |title=Nivin Pauly-starrer 'Mikhael' teaser promises plenty of action |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nivin-pauly-starrer-mikhael-teaser-promises-plenty-action-94775 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Oru Yamandan Premakadha]]'' || Kushumban Johnny ||
|-
|| ''[[Ittymaani: Made in China]]'' || Dr. Asif Mooppan || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title='Ittymaani: Made in China' review: Tired old formula wastes talented actors |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ittymaani-made-china-review-tired-old-formula-wastes-talented-actors-108490 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Jack & Daniel]]'' || S.I Hari || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jack and Daniel Movie Review: A largely boring cat-and-mouse thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/malayalam/2019/nov/16/jack-and-daniel-movie-review-a-largely-boring-cat-and-mouse-thriller-15530.html |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== 2020s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Kalamandalam Hyderali (film)|Kalamanadalam Hyderali]]'' || [[Sankaran Embranthiri|Kalamandalam Shankaran Embrathiri]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-20 |title=Film on Kathakali artiste Kathakali Hyderali releases on Neestream |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/film-kathakali-artiste-kathakali-hyderali-releases-neestream-150971 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || ''Kaattinarike'' || Johnny ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023 || ''[[Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam]]'' || Tourist || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mammootty sleeps on floor in 'Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam' set; pics go viral |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/mammootty-sleeps-on-floor-in-nanpakal-nerathu-mayakkam-set-pics-go-viral-1.8249488 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=24 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn]]'' || Abdulkhadar||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-28 |title='Ntikkakkakkoru Premondarnn': First look of Bhavana's Malayalam comeback film out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntikkakkakkoru-premondarnn-first-look-of-bhavanas-malayalam-comeback-film-out/article65822349.ece |access-date=2023-02-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Masterpeace (TV series)|Masterpeace]]'' || Kuriyachan || [[Disney+ Hotstar]] Web series<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharafudheen, Nithya Menen-starrer Masterpeace gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/14/sharafudheen-nithya-menen-starrer-masterpeace-gets-a-release-date-48611.html |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2024 || ''[[Perilloor Premier League (Indian TV series)|Perilloor Premier League]]'' || Keman Soman || [[Disney+ Hotstar]] Web series<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-14 |title=First look poster of Nikhila Vimal and Sunny Wayne's new web series 'Perilloor Premier League' is out |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/first-look-poster-of-nikhila-vimal-and-sunny-waynes-new-web-series-perilloor-premier-league-is-out/articleshow/105206305.cms |access-date=2023-12-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]'' || Ganeshan's father ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unni Mukundan's Jai Ganesha first look is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/16/unni-mukundans-jai-ganesha-firstlook-is-out-49605.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Jamalinte Punjiri'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Jamalinte Punjiri To Sree Muthappan, 3 Malayalam Films Releasing This Week |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/jamalinte-punjiri-to-sree-muthappan-3-malayalam-films-releasing-this-week-8923270.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Paalum Pazhavum]]'' || Raghavan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-10 |title=Meera Jasmine's Palum Pazhavum trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/10/meera-jasmines-palum-pazhavum-trailer-out |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' || Sivadasan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-22 |title=Asif Ali-starrer Kishkindha Kaandam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/22/asif-ali-starrer-kishkindha-kaandam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]'' || DGP Thomas Koshi IPS || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/oru-anweshanathinte-thudakkam-movie-getting-good-response-running-successfully-in-theatres-212421|title=Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam: ത്രില്ലടിപ്പിച്ച അന്വേഷണം, മികവ് പുലർത്തി अभिनേതാക്കളും; ഗംഭീര പ്രതികരണം നേടി 'ഒരു അന്വേഷണത്തിന്റെ തുടക്കം'|date=November 9, 2024|website=Zee News Malayalam}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2025 || ''[[Dheeran (2025 film)|Dheeran]]'' || Kunjan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-03-06 |title=First look of Dheeran unveiled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Mar/06/first-look-of-dheeran-unveiled |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thalavara]]'' || Kannappan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-07-26 |title=Arjun Ashokan's Thalavara gets first look, release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/26/arjun-ashokans-thalavara-gets-first-look-release-date |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Eko (film)|Eko]]'' || Appootty ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-11-08 |title=Sandeep Pradeep's Eko gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/08/sandeep-pradeeps-eko-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bha. Bha. Ba.]]'' || Sivankutty ||<ref>{{cite news|title=Dileep's Bha Bha Ba goes on floors|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/15/dileeps-bha-bha-ba-goes-on-floors|accessdate=30 August 2024|work=Cinema Express|date=15 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Television==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= April 2022}}

===Serials===
;Tamil
*''[[Salanam]]'' ([[Vijay TV]])
;Malayalam
*''Sangeethika'' ([[Doordarshan]])
*''Ragamritham'' ([[doordarshan]])
* ''Jwala'' ([[Doordarshan]])
*''Yudham''([[Doordarshan]])
* ''Samayam'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
* ''Valayam'' ([[Doordarshan]])
* ''Sathi'' ([[Doordarshan]])
* ''[[Kadamattathu Kathanar (TV series)|Kadamattathu Kathanar]]'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
* ''Mahathma Gandhi colony'' ([[Surya TV]])
*''Thali'' ([[Surya TV]])
*''Sreeguruvayoorappan'' ([[Surya TV]])
*''Devimahathmyam'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
*'' CBI Diary'' ([[Mazhavil Manorama]])

===Reality Shows as Judge===
;Malayalam
*''Comedy Utsavam''
*''Urvasi Theaters''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0039596|Ashokan}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325210925/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist-filmography/4904/1/ashokan.html Ashokan] on [[Oneindia|OneIndia]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashokan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Actors from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Tamil male television actors]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

APMC metro station

2026-03-07T18:37:27Z

MerryGrubb79668: created initial details added tags

{{short description|Ahmedabad Metro's Red Line terminal metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = APMC
| style = Ahmedabad Metro
| type = {{Ahmedabad Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}
| image =
| caption =
| address = Gupta Nagar, Vasna, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380007
| coordinates = {{coord|22.99773|72.53725|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| operator = [[Ahmedabad Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Red|croute}}
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Manatma Mandir]] / {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|GIFT City}} Platform-2 → Train Terminates Here
| tracks = 2
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Operational
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|6 October 2022}}
| electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]
| services = {{adjstn|system=Ahmedabad Metro|line=Red|right=Jivraj Park}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''APMC''' is the elevated southern terminal metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)|Red Line]] of [[Ahmedabad Metro]] in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Ahmedabad: Metro service on North-South corridor to begin on October 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-service-on-north-south-corridor-to-begin-on-october-6-8188276/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Around this metro station holds the main '''Shri Chimanbhai Jivabhai Patel Market''' which is famous for local groceries in southern Ahmedabad. To the south leads towards the '''Gyaspur Metro Train Depot''' which will hold all Red Line metro trains for maintenance purposes. This metro station was inaugurated on 30 September 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and was opened to the public on 6 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Ahmedabad: Metro service on North-South corridor to begin on October 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-service-on-north-south-corridor-to-begin-on-october-6-8188276/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-05 |title=Ahmedabad: North-South corridor metro service to be operational from October 6 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-north-south-corridor-metro-service-to-be-operational-from-october-6-article-94664917 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=Huge demand on Day 1 of Ahmedabad Metro |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/huge-demand-on-day-1-of-ahmedabad-metro-8186528/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prime Minister Modi inaugurates phase-1 of Ahmedabad Metro rail project |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/prime-minister-modi-inaugurates-phase-1-of-ahmedabad-metro-rail-project/articleshow/94554222.cms |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = APMC track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Jivraj Park}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to Train Terminates Here
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → Train Terminates Here
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]]/[[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]]
'''Next Station:''' [[Jivraj Park metro station|Jivraj Park]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/passenger-information/time-table/|name=Ahmedabad Metro Official Website}}
* {{Official website|https://yometro.com/ahmedabad-metro-23|name=Ahmedabad Metro stations' details}}

{{Ahmedabad Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]

Kharavela

2026-03-06T17:21:50Z

MerryGrubb79668: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Emperor of Kalinga}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Chakravartin]]<ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951"/> [[Pati (title)|Kalingadhipati]] [[Maharaja]]
| titletext =
| image =
| caption =
| succession = [[List of rulers of Odisha|Emperor of Kalinga]]
| reign = 1st century BCE
| predecessor = possibly Vriddharaja ({{a.k.a.}} Vudharaja)
| successor = Kudepasiri
| birth_date = {{circa|1st century BCE}}
| birth_place = [[Kalinga (region)|Kalinga]],(Present day [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| death_date =
| consort = yes
| spouse = Sindhula of Sampath <ref name="Hermann_2004">{{cite book |author1=Hermann Kulke |author2=Dietmar Rothermund |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoW9GuFJ9GIC&pg=PA101 |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-32920-0 |page=101 }}</ref>
| issue = Kudepasiri
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| dynasty = [[Mahameghavahana dynasty|Mahameghavahana]]
}}
'''Kharavela'''{{efn|also transliterated '''Khārabēḷa'''}} was the [[Kalinga (historical region)|emperor of Kalinga]] (present-day eastern coast of [[India]]) in the 2nd or 1st century BC. The primary source for Kharavela is his rock-cut [[Hathigumpha inscription]]. The inscription is undated, only four of its 17 lines are completely legible, others unclear, variously interpreted and disputed by scholars. The inscription is written in [[Brahmi script]] with [[Jainism]]-related phrases recites a year by year record of his reign. He was a follower of [[Jainism]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |author=Dharmanarayan Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcgBAAAAMAAJ |title=The early history of Kaliṅga |publisher=Punthi Pustak |year=1977 |page=155}}</ref>

Kharavela is known for his military campaigns in Northern and Southern India. He has led victorious expeditions against [[Magadha]], [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana]] and Tamil confederacy (lead by [[Pandya dynasty]]) and other kingdoms such as Rashtrikas and Bhojakas of Berar and Maharastra regions during his reign.<ref name="କୃଷ୍ଣଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ପାଣିଗ୍ରାହୀ 1986">{{Cite book |last=କୃଷ୍ଣଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ପାଣିଗ୍ରାହୀ |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-orissa-1986 |title=History of Orissa |last2=Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |last3=Kr̥ṣṇacandra Pāṇigrāhī |last4=Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |last5=Kr̥ṣṇacandra Pāṇigrāhī |date=1986 |publisher=State Committee for Compilation of History of the Freedom Movement Orissa}}</ref><ref name="N. K.Sahu 1964">{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

He was not only a great military general but also a good administrator. He undertook public works for the benefit of his people and in order to please them he remitted taxes and provided them with the occasions for merrymakings.<ref name="କୃଷ୍ଣଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ପାଣିଗ୍ରାହୀ 1986"/> The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] also mentions his public works such as repairing of the gates and buildings of his capital Kalinganagara, which was destroyed by a storm. These repairs and some other public works in the same year cost him thirty-five hundred thousand coins.<ref name="N. K.Sahu 1964"/>

== Early life ==
=== {{anchor|Sources of information}}Lineage ===
[[File:Hathigumpha inscription (2020).jpg|thumb|[[Hathigumpha inscription|Hāthigumphā inscription]] of Kharavela]]
[[File:Hathigumpha.JPG|thumb|alt=Rock-cut cave with pillars|The Hathigumpha cave, one of the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves]]
The first line of the Hathigumpha inscription calls Kharavela "''Chetaraja-vasa-vadhanena''" (चेतराज वस वधनेन, "the one who extended the family of the Cheta King").<ref>{{cite book |author1=Martin Brandtner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ChuAAAAMAAJ |title=Interrogating History: Essays for Hermann Kulke |author2=Shishir Kumar Panda |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-7304-679-7 |page=96}}</ref> [[R. D. Banerji]] and [[Dineshchandra Sircar|D. C. Sircar]] interpreted "Cheti" (चेति) to be referring to a dynasty from which Kharavela descended, namely [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]] [[Mahajanapadas|mahajanapada]]. According to Sahu, this is incorrect and an artifact of a crack in the stone. The "Chetaraja", states Sahu, probably refers to Kharavela's father and his immediate predecessor.<ref name="NKSahu_1984" />{{rp|18}}

The Hathigumpha inscription also contains a word that has been interpreted as ''Aira'' or ''Aila''. According to a small inscription found in the Mancapuri Cave, Kharavela's successor Kudepasiri also styled himself as ''Aira Maharaja Kalingadhipati Mahameghavahana'' ([[Devanagari]]: ऐर महाराजा कलिंगाधिपतिना महामेघवाहन). Early readings of that inscription by scholars such as [[James Prinsep]] and R. L. Mitra interpreted ''Aira'' as the name of the king in the Hathigumpha inscription. Indraji's work corrected this error, and established that the king mentioned in the Hathugumpha inscription was Kharavela and that he was a descendant of [[Mahameghavahana]].<ref name="Bhagwan_1883">{{cite book |author=[[Bhagwanlal Indraji]] |title=Proceedings of the Leyden International Oriental Congress for 1883 |year=1885 |pages=144–180 |chapter=The Hâtigumphâ and three other inscriptions in the Udayagiri caves near Cuttack |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=womFcFAtU7MC&pg=PA144}}</ref> It does not directly mention the relationship between Mahameghavahana and Kharavela, or the number of kings between them.<ref name="Sailendra_1999">{{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA176 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |pages=176–177}}</ref> Indraji interpreted the inscription to create a hypothetical family tree in 1885,<ref name="Bhagwan_1883" /> but this is largely discredited.

The word ''Aira'' or ''Aila'' was then re-interpreted, by [[Benimadhab Barua|Barua]]<ref name=":0" /> and Sahu<ref>{{cite book |author=Shishir Kumar Panda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72luAAAAMAAJ |title=Political And Cultural History Of Orissa |publisher=New Age |year=1999 |isbn=9788122411973 |page=58}}</ref> to be the [[Prakrit]] form of the Sanskrit word [[Arya]] ("noble"). Jayaswal and Banerji interpret the same word to be referring to the [[Aila dynasty]], the mythical [[Pururavas]] dynasty mentioned in Hindu and Jain texts; Kharavela's Mahameghavahana family might have claimed descent from this Pururavas dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Jayaswal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2m1DAAAAYAAJ |title=Epigraphia Indica Volume 20 |author2=Banerji |year=1920 |page=80}}</ref> Scholars such as Sircar and Sharma, based on later discovered [[Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments|Guntupalli inscriptions]], state that Kharavela was one of the ancient Mahameghavahana dynasty king from Kalinga.{{sfn|Vyas|1995|pp=31–32}}

=== Education ===
Kharavela, a ruler of the third generation of the Cheti dynasty of Kalinga, was carefully raised from his early years to develop the qualities required of a king. The [[Hathigumpha Inscription]], through its panegyrist, portrays him as a person endowed with many good qualities of mind and character, and his training was directed toward shaping him into a capable conqueror and administrator. The activities and games of his childhood were probably designed to prepare him for his future royal duties. In addition, he was instructed in Writing (Lekha), Coinage (Rupa), Accountancy (Ganana), Law (Vyavahara), and administrative procedures (Vidhi), which made him skilled in matters of statecraft. The study of Lekha in his education went beyond simple writing and included the practice of royal correspondence and official administration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mittal |first=amar Chand |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100304 |title=An Early History Of Orissa No.16 |date=1962}}</ref>

== Expeditions of Western India ==

=== Encounter with Satkarani I ===
Kharavela in the second reginal year he dispatched a large army of elephantry, cavalry, infantry and chariots towards the western regions without even caring for [[Satakarni]], who apparently ruled the country to the west of Kalinga. In the course of this expedition, the Kalinga armies are further said to have reached the banks of the Krishnabena river ([[Krishna River|Krishna]]) where the city called Asikanagara was threatened.

=== Conquest of Vidyadhara region ===
Kharavela in the 4th reginal year invaded the invincible Vidyadhara territory that had been the military recruiting ground of the former kings of Kalinga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref> Dr. B.M. Barua, thinks that the Vidyadharas were an aboriginal people noted for their magical skill and lived in Arkatpur (modern Arkad or [[Arcot]] in Madras Pradesh)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barua |first=Beni Madhab |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Old_Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_Inscriptions_in_the_Udayagi/QsstAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Old%20Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB%20Inscriptions%20in%20the%20Udayagiri%20and%20Khandagiri%20Caves&kptab=overview |title=Old Brāhmī Inscriptions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves |date=1929 |publisher=University of Calcutta |language=en}}</ref>. In the Jaina literature, the Vidyadharas are known as a tribal people residing in the Vindhya mountains. NK Sahu identifies it with the eighteen forest kingdoms or Sarvatavika Rajya of the Allahabad Inscription of [[Samudragupta]] as well as the eighteen Vidyadhara settlements of the Jaina work.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

=== Subjugation of Rathikas and Bhojakas ===
In the fourth year of his reign, an expedition was launched against the Bhojakas the ruling chiefs of [[Berar]], and the Rathikas of the adjoining Marathi-speaking districts of East Khandesh and Ahmednagar, who were defeated and compelled to do [[Homage (feudal)|homage]]<ref name="Sastri 1957">{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. a Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532644 |title=Comprehensive History Of India Vol.2 (mauryas And Satavahanas) |date=1957}}</ref>. It may be pointed out that Maharathi-Tranakairo, who was the father-in-law of [[Satakarni I]], was probably the Chief of the Rathikas and either he or his successor had to sustain the defeat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref> Prof EJ Rapson, on the other hand, held that the Rashtrikas belonged to the Maratha country and the Bhojakas to the Berar region, but both were feudatories of the Andhra kings of Pratishthana.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Cambridge_History_of_India_Ancient_I/5yZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=cambridge%20history%20of%20india%20vol%201 |title=The Cambridge History of India: Ancient India, edited by E. J. Rapson |date=1922 |publisher=University Press |language=en}}</ref>

The geographical location of the Rathikas and Bhojakas, as well as, the relationship between the Satavahanas and the Rathikas clearly indicate that Kharavela war with the Rathikas and Bhojakas could not have been possible without an encounter against the Satavahana power. As a consequence of this victory, Kharavela’s suzerainty could spread over the Deccan from sea to sea.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

== Northern India Conquests ==

=== Siege of Rajagriha ===
In the eighth year of his reign Kharavela undertook his first expedition against the North.The strong fort of the Gorathagiri, one of the hill fortresses guarding Rajagrha, was demolished and the city was put into great trouble. His armies marched past the [[Barabar hills]] in the [[Gaya district]], destroying its fortifications, and laid siege to the city of [[Rajagriha]].<ref name="Sastri 1957" /> The news of these exploits of Kharavela caused so much terror in the heart of a Yavana king Dimata, that he fled to Mathura.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mittal |first=amar Chand |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100304 |title=An Early History Of Orissa No.16 |date=1962}}</ref> The yavanas were apparently, purged out of [[Mathura]] which was then a famous stronghold of Jainism. Kharavela diverted the plans to invade [[Magadha]] as immediate attention was required towards the North-west, as a result of which Magadha was spared that year<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

Kharavela caused so much terror in the heart of a Yavana king that he fled away to Mathura. The Yavana ruler, whose name is some-times doubtfully read as Dimita or Dimata (? Demetrius), was probably a later [[Indo-Greek]] ruler of the eastern Punjab.<ref name="S. Ramakrishnan 2001">{{Cite book |last=S. Ramakrishnan |first=General Editor |url=http://archive.org/details/ageofimperialuni07bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 02,The Age Of Imperial Unity |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource}}</ref>

===Conquest of Magadha===
[[Brihaspatimitra]] ruled over [[Anga]], [[Magadha]], [[Vatsa]] (Kausambi) and [[Panchala]] (Ahichhatra) regions.<ref name="N. K.Sahu 1964" /> He seems to have been related to the [[Mitra dynasty (Kosambi)|Mitra kings]] of Magadha whose records and coins have been found in the Gaya District. To avenge the humiliation of Kalinga during the time of the Nandas and the Mauryas, Kharavela carried away much booty from Anga and Magadha together with certain Jain images originally taken away by a [[Mahapadmananda|Nanda king]] from Kalinga.<ref name="S. Ramakrishnan 2001" />

== Southern India Conquests ==
After returning from the North, Kharavela faced a formidable challenge from the confederated Tamil States of the South. This alliance comprised the states of the [[Cholas]], [[Pandyas]], Satyaputras, [[Keralaputras]], and the island of Ceylon [[Tamraparni]]), which, according to inscriptions, had existed for 130 years prior to Kharavela’s time. Historical records and the Edicts of [[Ashoka]] indicate that these territories were never subdued by [[Mahapadmananda]] or [[Chandragupta Maurya]] and remained independent southern neighbors of the Maurya Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

The Hathigumpha Inscription claims that Kharavela had ploughed down with a plough of asses of the city of Pithuihda, founded by a former king (puram rajanivesitath Plthuiham). Pithumda is taken to be the same as [[Ptolemy]]’s Pitundra, the metropolis, in the land of the Maisoloi in the upper part of the [[Coromandel coast]] <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ganguly |first=Dilip Kumar |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.148266 |title=Historical Geography And Dynastic History Of Orissa |date=1975}}</ref>. The Pandya king, apparently the league’s leader, surrendered and was compelled to offer large quantities of pearls, jewels, and precious stones to Kalinganagara as tribute.<ref>{{Cite book |last=S. Ramakrishnan |first=General Editor |url=http://archive.org/details/ageofimperialuni07bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 02,The Age Of Imperial Unity |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=N. K.Sahu |first=M. A. |url=http://archive.org/details/utkaluniversityh0000nksa |title=Utkal University History Of Orissa |date=1964 |publisher=The Utkal University |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. a Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532644 |title=Comprehensive History Of India Vol.2 (mauryas And Satavahanas) |date=1957}}</ref>

== Religion ==
[[File:Khandagiri caves2.jpg|thumb|[[Namokar Mantra]] Inscribed at Hathigumpha Inscription by Kharavela c. 20 BCE.]]

Kharavela is generally called a Jain king.<ref name="Upinder2017">Upinder Singh (2017), Political violence in ancient India, Harvard University Press, pp 252–253</ref> His Hathigumpha inscription begins with a variation of the salute to [[Arihant (Jainism)|arihants]] and [[siddha]]s. This is similar to the Jain [[Namokar Mantra|Pancha-Namaskara Mantra]], in which three more entities are invoked in addition to the arihants and siddhas.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wE6v6ahxHi8C&pg=PA163 |title=The Jaina Path of Purification |author=[[Padmanabh S. Jaini|Padmanabh Jaini]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |year=1998 |isbn=9788120815780 |page=163 }}</ref> Other parts of the Hathigumpha inscription, as well as the minor inscriptions found at Udayagiri from around 1st-century BCE use Jain phrases.<ref name="Upinder2017"/> The inscription also states that he brought back a Jina idol from [[Magadha]], which had been taken by a Nanda king.<ref name="Paul2006"/>{{sfn|Vyas|1995|p=32}}

[[File:Rishabhanatha and ambika, Khandagiri Caves.jpg|thumb|Carvings of Rishabhanatha with long locks of hair and symbol of bull, yakshi ambika from Ambika Gumpha, Khandagiri hill. 11th century CE]]
Kharavela seems to have been religiously liberal: his inscription describes him as someone who worshipped all gods and repaired temples of all deities.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kishore Ch. Mishra |title=Religious Syncretism And The Jagannath Cult In Orissa |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=61 |year=2001 |page=144 |jstor=44148090 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Haripada Chakraborti |title=Early Brāhmī Records in India (c. 300 B.C.-c. 300 A.D.): An Analytical Study: Social, Economic, Religious, and Administrative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Kc5AQAAIAAJ |year=1974 |publisher=Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar |page=112 }}</ref> According to Paul Dundas, such claims, also made by Ashoka, were intended to portray the king as a universal ruler.<ref name="Paul2006">{{cite book |author=Paul Dundas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&pg=PA392 |title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-977507-1 |editor=Patrick Olivelle |page=392 with footnotes}}</ref> Jain author [[Hampa Nagarajaiah]] sees Kharavela's liberalism as an example of the Jain doctrine of ''[[Anekantavada|Anekantamata]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hampa Nāgrājayya |title=A History of the Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JuAAAAMAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Ankita Pustaka |isbn=978-81-87321-16-3 |page=10 }}</ref> According to [[Helmuth von Glasenapp]], Kharavela was probably a free-thinker who patronized all his subjects including Jains.<ref>{{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location = [[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&pg=PA45 |isbn=81-208-1376-6 |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion |page=45 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
{{main|Hathigumpha inscription}}

According to the Hathigumpha inscription, Kharavela spent his first 24 years on education and sports, a period when he mastered the fields of writing, coinage, accounting, administration and procedures of law.<ref name=ei20p80>{{cite book |author1= K P Jayaswal| author2 = R D Banerji|title= Epigraphia Indica Volume XX |year=1920 |url= https://archive.org/details/epigrahiaindicav014769mbp |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |pages= 80–89 with footnotes}}, {{PD-notice}}</ref> He was the prince to the throne (''yuvaraja'') at 16, and crowned King of Kalinga at age 24. The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] details his first 13 years of his reign. Some notable aspects of this reign includes:
{{glossary}}
{{term|Year 1}}
{{defn|Many public infrastructure projects: Kharavela repaired gates and buildings that had been damaged by storms, built reservoirs and tanks, and restored the gardens.<ref name=ei20p80/>}}

{{term|Year 2}}

{{Main|Kharavela's invasion on the Satavahanas}}
{{defn|Dispatch of an army with cavalry, elephants, chariots, and men towards a kingdom led by "Satakani" or "Satakamini" (identified with [[Satakarni]], near Krishna river valley). It also mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara), "Asika" (Asikanagara, capital of [[Assaka]]).<ref name="NKSahu_1984">{{cite book |author1=N. K. Sahu |author2=Kharavela (King of Kalinga) |title=Khâravela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlMhAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Orissa State Museum}}</ref>{{rp|127}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal Sankalia |author2=Bhaskar Chatterjee |author3=Rabin Dev Choudhury |author4=Mandira Bhattacharyya |author5=Shri Bhagwan Singh |title=History and archaeology: Prof. H.D. Sankalia felicitation volume |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFg8AAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan |page=332 |isbn=9788185205465 }}</ref>

Scholars interpret the events described in the inscription differently. Jayaswal, Banerji and Sen say that Kharavela threatened Satakarni.<ref name="Sailendra_1999"/> According to Bhagwal Lal, King Satakarni of the western region wanted to avoid an invasion of his kingdom by Kharavela and sent him horses, elephants, chariots and men in tribute. That year, Kharavela captured the city of Masika with the aid of the Kusumba Kshatriyas.<ref name="Bhagwan_1883"/> According to Alain Daniélou, Kharavela was friendly with Satakarni.<ref name="Alan_2003"/> Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya writes that Kharavela's army failed to advance against Satakarni and diverged to threaten the city of Asika (Asikanagara).<ref name="Sudhakar_1974">{{cite book |author=Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya |title=Some Early Dynasties of South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA20 |year=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2941-1 |pages=44–50 }}</ref>}}
{{term|Year 3}}
{{defn|Well-versed in [[Gandharva]]n music, Kharavela entertained the city with festive gatherings which included singing, dancing and instrumental music.<ref name="Bhagwan_1883"/><ref name="sdstate_inscription">{{cite news|url=http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/HathigumphaInscription.pdf |title=Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela of Kalinga |publisher=South Dakota State University |work=Project South Asia |access-date=2015-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232906/http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/HathigumphaInscription.pdf |archive-date= 3 March 2016 }}</ref>}}
{{term|Year 4}}
{{defn|Rathikas and Bhojakas bow to him, he built monuments to Vidyadharas}}
{{term|Year 5}}
{{defn|Kharavela commissioned extended a canal originally built by the Nandas ''ti-vasa-sata'' ago, thus brought it into the capital of Kalinga.<ref name="Rama_1942"/> ''Ti-vasa-sata'' can mean 103 or 300 years.<ref name="Sudhakar_1974"/> Most scholars, such as Barua and Sircar interpret this to be 300 years. This implies that Kharavela came to power about 300 years when this region was under the Nanda dynasty rule.{{sfn|B Barua|1929|pp=42–43 with footnotes}}}}
{{term|Years 6–7}}
{{defn|His wife, who is stated to be from Vajiragraha family, gives birth to their child. Kharavela exempts taxes and performs charitable works that help hundreds of thousands of people. According to K. P. Jayaswal and R. D. Banerji, the king also performed the [[Rajasuya]] sacrifice – a Vedic ritual for the king, then gives gifts to Jain monks and Brahmins.{{sfn|B Barua|1929|pp=43–44 with footnotes}} According to Sircar, this ink impression and reading is doubtful. Similarly the alleged achievements of Kharavela here are problematic and doubtful<ref>D. Sircar (1965), Select Inscriptions Volume 1, Calcutta University Press, page 216 footnotes 1 and 3</ref> Sircar also adds that this should not be read as "sacrifice ritual", but a different similar word with the meaning "royal fortune" he used to give away gifts.<ref>D. Sircar (1965), Select Inscriptions Volume 1, Calcutta University Press, page 215 footnotes 8 and 9</ref>}}
{{term|Years 8–9}}
{{defn|The record is partially damaged. It mentions a Yavana king running away in fear and retreating to Mathura. Alain Daniélou writes that Kharavela sacked Gorathagiri (near the [[Barabar Caves|Barabar Hills]]) with a large army and subdued the town of Rajagriha (identified with present-day [[Rajgir]]).<ref name="Alan_2003"/> According to Ananta Prasad Banerji-Sastri, Kharavela expelled members of the [[Ajivika]] sect (a rival of the Jains) from the Barabari caves and mutilated their inscriptions.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Radha Kumud Mukherjee|Radhakumud Mookerji]] |title=Asoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA206 |year=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0582-8 |pages=206–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Arthur Llewellyn Basham]] |title=History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, a Vanished Indian Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiGQzc5lRGYC&pg=PA158 |year=1951 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1204-8 |pages=158–159 }}</ref>}}
{{term|Year 10}}
{{defn|Much of the record is lost. The inscription mentions ''Bharatavasa'' and a series of military campaigns with victories. Kharavela defeats the Ava king and broke up the 113-year confederacy of the "T[r]amira" countries which had endangered Kalinga.<ref name="sdstate_inscription"/> Sen and [[Alain Daniélou]] interpret "Tramira" as "Dramira" ("Dravidian") confederacy.<ref name="Romila2003">{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |title=The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiqZKDlSBMC&pg=PA211 |year=2003 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-302989-2 |pages=211–213}}</ref>}}
{{term|Year 12}}
{{defn|Parts of this record are lost. Kharavela sends his troops to Uttarpatha (the north), and subdues the king of Magadha. K. P. Jayaswal identified Bahasmita with Pushyamitra Shunga, but [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri]] discredits this theory. Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya believes that Bahasatimita may have been a king of [[Kosambi|Kaushambi]], and his rule might have extended to Magadha as well.<ref name="Sudhakar_1974"/> This section of the inscription mentions a "Ka[li]ngajinam" taken by Nanda king in the past and he brought it back to Kalinga. Kharavela built a settlement of a hundred masons with a tax exemption.<ref name="sdstate_inscription"/>}}
{{term|Year 13}}
{{defn|This is the last part of the inscription and praises Kharavela. It also states that he organized a council of ascetics and sages, and constructed a shelter, commissioned the compilation of the text of the seven-fold Angas in the sixty-four letters (scripts). The inscription also claims that Kharavela was a descendant of the royal sage [[Vasu#Ramayana and Mahabharata|Vasu]].<ref name="sdstate_inscription"/>}}
{{glossary end}}

=== Succession ===
Kulke and Rothermund state Kharavela's empire state that the history of ancient India is unclear including the times after Ashoka and Kharavela. Given the lack of major inscriptions by his successors, they surmise that the Kharavela empire likely disintegrated soon after his death.<ref name="Hermann_2004">{{cite book |author1=Hermann Kulke |author2=Dietmar Rothermund |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoW9GuFJ9GIC&pg=PA101 |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-32920-0 |page=101 }}</ref> A little is known about the next two generations of kings - Vakradeva (a.k.a. Kudepasiri or Vakadepa) and Vadukha - but through the minor inscriptions at Udayagiri.<ref name="Hermann_2004" /> Kharavela was succeeded by Sada dynasty kings.{{sfn|Vyas|1995|p=31}} Siri Sada is mentioned as a Mahameghavahana king in an inscription at [[Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments|Guntupalli]].{{sfn|Vyas|1995|p=31}}

== Personality ==
[[File:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves 2024 14.jpg|thumb|Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela.]]
Kharavela's inscription depict him as a man with ruddy and handsome body and had lived a youthful life for 25 years, a keen learner having who received a thorough education and had mastered writing, coinage, accountancy, administration and legal procedures.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Salomon |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYrG07qQDxkC |title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-535666-3 |pages=142, 165 with footnote 12, Section 5.5.1.17 on p. 195}}</ref> He is one of the very few early Indian monarchs who proudly proclaim to have been systematically educated in their official inscription.<ref name=":2">J.F. Fleet (1910), The Hathigumpha Inscription, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, pp. 824-828, {{JSTOR|25189732}}</ref> The Hathigumpha inscription had portrayed him as a compassionate ruler who made a settlement of a hundred and thousands of masons, giving them exemption from land revenue. It also mentions that he donated royal maintenances, China clothes (silks) and white clothes to the Jain monks and made temples and caves for arahats and sramanas.<ref name=":3">D. Sircar (1965), Select Inscriptions Volume 1, Calcutta University Press, page 213–214 footnote 1</ref>

The inscription states that Kharavela was a great patron of art and music and well versed in the science of Gandharvas. He held festivities and assemblies and entertains his capital with exhibition of dapa, dancing, singing and instrumental music.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last=Spink |first=Walter |year=1958 |title=On the Development of Early Buddhist Art in India |journal=The Art Bulletin |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=98–100, context: 95–120 |doi=10.2307/3047760 |jstor=3047760}}</ref>

The inscription praises Kharavela's might and his patronage to all temples, stating that he repaired all the temples and whose chariot and army are irresistible.

== Legacy ==
Kharavela's inscriptions call him a [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]-[[Chakravartin]] (Emperor of Kalinga).<ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book |author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Kalinga-chakravartin%22 |page=213|year=1951 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref> He was one of Kalinga's strongest rulers.<ref name="Sailendra_1999" /><ref name="Braj_2003">{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA107 |year=2003 |publisher=Sterling |author1=[[Baij Nath Puri]]|author2=Pran Nath Chopra|author3=Manmath Nath Das|author4=AC Pradhan |isbn=978-81-207-2503-4 |pages=107–108}}</ref> The inscription states that after his imperial coronation he repaired the gates, walls and forts of the capital city which had been damaged by storm.<ref name=":3" />

=== Date ===
The kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] was invaded by [[Ashoka]] c. 262-261 BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription implies that Kalinga regained its independence from the [[Maurya Empire]] sometime after Ashoka's death, and Kharavela was born in an independent [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]].<ref name="Sailendra_1999" />

In 1885, the colonial era epigraphist [[Bhagwan Lal Indraji]] read the 16th line of the Hathigumpha inscription as a reference to ''Maurya kala'' and 165th year after this new timeline, which he called the Mauryan era. Indraji concluded that Kharavela was born in 127 BCE and became king in 103 BCE.<ref name="Bhagwan_1883" /> Indraji's interpretations were questioned by scholars and has been largely rejected.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Rama_1942">{{cite book |author=Rama Shankar Tripathi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOVpOG6MPMcC&pg=PA199 |title=History of Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1942 |isbn=978-81-208-0018-2 |pages=199–201}}</ref><ref name="Spinkp95">{{cite journal |last=Spink |first=Walter |year=1958 |title=On the Development of Early Buddhist Art in India |journal=The Art Bulletin |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=99, context: 95–120 |doi=10.2307/3047760 |jstor=3047760}}</ref>

According to Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya, the 16th line does not mention ''Maurya kala'' ("Maurya era") but reads ''Mukhya kala'' ("the main era"). Chattopadhyaya relies on the description of Kharavela's fifth regnal year in the Hathigumpha inscription, which he says implies that Kharavela flourished ''ti-vasa-sata'' years after the Nandaraja. [[Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri]] identifies Nandaraja with [[Mahapadma Nanda]] or one of his sons. The expression ''ti-vasa-sata'' can mean 103 or 300 years; Chattopadhyaya does not consider 103 plausible, since it would contradict Ashoka's records. Based on this, he places Kharavela in the second half of the first century BCE or the first half of the first century CE.<ref name="Sudhakar_1974" />

Depending on the variant readings, different dates continue to be published in post-colonial era texts. [[Alain Daniélou]], for example, places Kharavela between 180 BCE and 130 BCE, identifying him as a contemporary of [[Satakarni]] and [[Pushyamitra Shunga]].<ref name="Alan_2003">{{cite book |author=Alain Daniélou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwnv3I6qIosC&pg=PA139 |title=A Brief History of India |publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-59477-794-3 |pages=139–141}}</ref> According to Rama Shankar Tripathi, Kharavela reigned during the third quarter of the first century BCE.<ref name="Rama_1942" /> Many other scholars, such as D.C. Sircar and Walter Spink, date Kharavela and the Hathigumpha inscription in the 1st-century BCE to early 1st-century CE.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==See also==
*[[Hathigumpha inscription]]
*Kharavela's Invasion of Vidharbha

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book|author=B Barua| title= Old Brahmi Inscriptions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves| year=1929| publisher=University of Calcutta|oclc = 6055302}}; For his updated analysis: B Barua (1938), ''Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela'', Indian Historical Quarterly XIV, pp. 459–85
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{citation |editor-last=Vyas |editor-first=Dr. R. T. |author-link=R.T. Vyas |url={{Google books|fETebHcHKogC|plainurl=yes}} |title=Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects |publisher=The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara |year=1995 |isbn=81-7017-316-7 }}

[[Category:1st-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:2nd-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Mahameghavahana dynasty]]
[[Category:Emperors in India]]
[[Category:Jain monarchs]]

Nadaaniyan

2026-03-05T21:25:58Z

MerryGrubb79668: added a info!

{{short description|Indian film by Shauna Gautam}}
{{About|the Hindi film|the Pakistani sitcom|Nadaaniyaan|the Hindi sitcom|Nadaniyaan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nadaaniyan
| image = Nadaaniyan poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Shauna Gautam
| screenplay = [[Ishita Moitra]] Riva Razdan Kapoor Jehan Handa
| story = Riva Razdan Kapoor
| based_on =
| producer = [[Karan Johar]] [[Apoorva Mehta]] Somen Mishra [[Adar Poonawalla]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Ibrahim Ali Khan (actor)|Ibrahim Ali Khan]]
*[[Khushi Kapoor]]
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]]
*[[Suniel Shetty]]
*[[Dia Mirza]]
*[[Jugal Hansraj]]
}}
| cinematography = Anuj Samtani
| editing = Vaishnavi Bhate Sidhanth Seth
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Sachin-Jigar]] '''Score:''' [[Tushar Lall]]
| studio = [[Dharmatic Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|03|07|df=y}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ibrahim-ali-khans-debut-film-nadaaniyan-with-khushi-kapoor-locks-its-release-date/articleshow/118411365.cms|title=Ibrahim Ali Khan's debut film 'Nadaaniyan' with Khushi Kapoor locks its release date|website=[[Times of India]] |date=20 February 2025 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>
| runtime = 119 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/nadaaniyan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi4nze3 |title=''Nadaaniyan'' (12) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=6 March 2025 |access-date=7 March 2025}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Nadaaniyan''''' ({{translation|Innocence}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[teen film|teen]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Shauna Gautam (in her directorial debut)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iqbal |first=Shababa |date=2025-03-09 |title='Nadaaniyan': It's time for Bollywood to wake up to unskilled star kids |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/nadaaniyan-its-time-bollywood-wake-unskilled-star-kids-3843081 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-05-17 |title=Karan Johar says he's not supposed to show sympathy to Ibrahim Ali Khan and Khushi Kapoor for the failure of 'Nadaaniyan': 'I feel like all the hate is mine' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-says-hes-not-supposed-to-show-sympathy-to-ibrahim-ali-khan-and-khushi-kapoor-for-the-failure-of-nadaaniyan-i-feel-like-all-the-hate-is-mine/articleshow/121230956.cms |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and produced by [[Karan Johar]], Apoorva Mehta and Somen Mishra under [[Dharmatic Entertainment]]. The film stars [[Ibrahim Ali Khan (actor)|Ibrahim Ali Khan]] (in his acting debut)<ref name=":0" /> and [[Khushi Kapoor]], alongside [[Mahima Chaudhry]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Dia Mirza]], and [[Jugal Hansraj]]. It tells the story of a privileged [[South Delhi]] school girl who gets a boyfriend-for-hire to get back at her family and classmates.

The film was released on 7 March 2025 on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-20 |title=Ibrahim Ali Khan's debut film 'Nadaaniyan' with Khushi Kapoor locks its release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ibrahim-ali-khans-debut-film-nadaaniyan-with-khushi-kapoor-locks-its-release-date/articleshow/118411365.cms |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was panned by critics, and received widespread criticism on social media due to the poor performance of the leads (Khan and Kapoor).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Varsha |title=Nadaaniyan starring Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor gets brutally trolled: 'Cringe with their zero acting skills' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-nadaaniyan-starring-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-gets-brutally-trolled-cringe-with-their-zero-acting-skills-3137762/amp |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Pia Jaisingh is a privileged [[South Delhi]] teenager who struggles in a dysfunctional family. Her misogynistic father, Rajat Jaisingh, always wanted a boy instead of Pia and is now having an affair with a younger-girl named Anahita. Her mother is the long-suffering socialite, Neelu. Pia studies at the Falcon high school, where all the rich kids study. On [[bonfire night]], Pia has a clash with her best friend Sahira. Sahira thinks that Pia is having affair with Ayan Nanda, after seeing his flirty messages in Pia's phone. To make Sahira believe that she is not having an affair with him, she tells her friends that she already has a boyfriend.

One day, Pia finds Arjun Mehta, a middle-class, career-focused student from [[Greater Noida]]. She convinces Arjun to be her fake boyfriend by paying him {{INRConvert|25000}} per week. They start meeting each other and Pia starts sharing pictures of them on social media. Her best friends are now convinced that she is not having any affair with Ayan and they reconcile. Later at a dinner night with family, Rajat learns that Arjun is going to take part in an international debate competition, and he encourages Pia to also be a part of it. Arjun who was initially reluctant about Pia participating in the debate competition, also agrees. After that, they both start falling in love.

On [[Diwali]] night, Pia gets to know about her father's affair and learns that Anahita is pregnant. Pia is devastated; she and her mother go to her maternal house. She also breaks her phone that night. Unfortunately, the debate competition is the day after and Pia forgets about that. Arjun has meanwhile been calling Pia and sending her messages. He goes with the rest of the team and thinks that Pia used him just for timepass and did not even want to join the debate club. Later, Pia and Neelu go to Rudra's palace (a family friend) to spend some time. During that time, a photo of Rudra and Pia is posted on [[social media]] saying that they are having an affair. Pia later gets a new phone from Rudra. She remembers about the debate competition and is shocked to see her photo with Rudra on social media. Moreover, Arjun is very angry after seeing the photo and has blocked her. When Pia tries to convince Arjun about what happened, he insults her in front of the whole school, telling everyone about their deal.

Since Arjun wrote an aggressive application letter to get a [[scholarship]] at London universities, his writing is rejected and he is told to rewrite them by his teacher, Mrs Braganza. Later Arjun's father tells him how one needs to work on a relationship. Arjun slowly starts to cool down. Later on that night, Mrs Braganza comes to his house and tells him that he has got the scholarship after resubmitting the application. But Arjun is not the one who submitted it, it was Pia. Arjun also comes to know that her parents are going to get divorced. Arjun realises his mistake and tries to call Pia, but she does not answer. Later on bonfire night, he apologises to Pia and proposes to her, to which she agrees. Arjun eventually goes to [[London]] and Pia stays in India to study at a [[National Law Universities|national law college]], where Arjun earlier wanted to study.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
*[[Ibrahim Ali Khan (actor)|Ibrahim Ali Khan]] as Arjun Mehta
*[[Khushi Kapoor]] as Pia Jaisingh
**Janica Sindhi as young Pia Jaisingh
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]] as Neelu Jaisingh, Pia's mother
*[[Suniel Shetty]] as Rajat Jaisingh, Pia's father
*[[Dia Mirza]] as Nandini Mehta, Arjun's mother
*[[Jugal Hansraj]] as Dr. Sanjay Mehta, Arjun's father
*[[Archana Puran Singh]] as Mrs Braganza Malhotra, reprising her role from ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998)<ref name="rediffreview"/>
*[[Barun Chanda]] as Dhanraj Jaisingh, Pia's grandfather
*[[Aaliyah Qureishi]] as Sahira Nair
** Garima Malik as young Sahira
* Apoorva Makhija as Rhea Vohra
** Nia Garg as young Rhea
* Agasthya Shah as Aakash Goenka
* Dev Agasteya as Ayaan Nanda
* Neel Dewan as Veer
* [[Nikhat Khan|Nikhat Hegde]] as Rani Priyanjali
*[[Meezaan Jafri]] as Kunwar Rudra Pratap Singh (cameo appearance)
* [[Riya Sen]] as Anahita, Rajat's girlfriend (cameo appearance)
* Orhan "Orry" Awatramani as himself
* Shivam Gupta as Braganza's Nerd
}}

== Production ==
''Nadaaniyan'' marks the directorial debut of Shauna Gautam, who was an assistant director to producer [[Karan Johar]] on his directorial ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]'' (2023). It also marks the acting debut of Ibrahim Ali Khan, the son of actor [[Saif Ali Khan]] and actress [[Amrita Singh]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mathur|first=Abhimanyu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ibrahim-ali-khan-to-make-his-bollywood-debut-opposite-khushi-kapoor-in-karan-johars-nadaaniyan-see-first-poster-101738389451033.html|title=Ibrahim Ali Khan to make his Bollywood debut opposite Khushi Kapoor in Karan Johar's Nadaaniyan. See first poster|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 February 2025|access-date=6 March 2025|archive-date=1 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201230746/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ibrahim-ali-khan-to-make-his-bollywood-debut-opposite-khushi-kapoor-in-karan-johars-nadaaniyan-see-first-poster-101738389451033.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nadaaniyan
| year = 2025
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| released = 4 March 2025
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack#Film and television soundtracks|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 25:13
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| prev_title = [[Vicky Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title = [[Maalik (2025 film)|Maalik]]
| next_year = 2025
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|n5wMDg6u14I|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

The film's music was composed by [[Sachin–Jigar]] while lyrics was written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 March 2025 |title=Nadaaniyan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=3 March 2025 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/nadaaniyan/Xckb2PGcn4Q_ |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref> The first single titled "Ishq Mein" was released on 3 February 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 February 2025 |title='Nadaaniyan' song 'Ishq Mein' out: Ibrahim Ali Khan and Khushi Kapoor's enchanting chemistry steals hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/nadaaniyan-song-ishq-mein-out-ibrahim-ali-khan-and-khushi-kapoors-enchanting-chemistry-steals-hearts-watch/articleshow/117893122.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2 March 2025 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213221053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/nadaaniyan-song-ishq-mein-out-ibrahim-ali-khan-and-khushi-kapoors-enchanting-chemistry-steals-hearts-watch/articleshow/117893122.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The second single titled "Galatfehmi" was released on 17 February 2025.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2025|title=Galat Fehmi: Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor struggle to deal with heartbreak in Nadaaniyan's emotional song|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/galat-fehmi-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-struggle-to-deal-with-heartbreak-in-nadaaniyans-emotional-song-watch-101739772292398.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=2 March 2025|archive-date=17 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217072952/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/galat-fehmi-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-struggle-to-deal-with-heartbreak-in-nadaaniyans-emotional-song-watch-101739772292398.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The third single titled "Nadaaniyan" was released on 4 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 March 2025 |title=Nadaaniyan Title Song OUT: Ibrahim Ali Khan and Khushi Kapoor's Chemistry In This Soulful Track Is Unmissable|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nadaaniyan-title-song-out-ibrahim-ali-khan-and-khushi-kapoors-chemistry-in-this-soulful-track-is-unmissable-9249302.html|work=News18|date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:13
| title1 = Ishq Mein
| extra1 = [[Sachet Tandon]], [[Asees Kaur]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], Shruti Dhasmana, Sarah Moidutty, Sahil Vishwakarma
| length1 = 4:22
| title2 = Galatfahmi
| extra2 = [[Tushar Joshi]], [[Madhubanti Bagchi]], Sachin–Jigar
| length2 = 4:26
| title3 = Nadaaniyan
| extra3 = Varun Jain, [[Jonita Gandhi]], Sachin–Jigar, Shruti Dhasmana, Neuman Pinto, Anandi-Aheeri, Sahil Vishwakarma
| length3 = 3:59
| title4 = Tirkit Dhoom
| extra4 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], Shradha Mishra, Sachin–Jigar
| length4 = 2:56
| title5 = Tera Kya Karoon?
| extra5 = Sachin–Jigar, [[Maahi (singer)|Maahi]]
| length5 = 3:08
| title6 = Tera Kya Karoon?
| note6 = Alt. Version
| extra6 = Sachin–Jigar
| length6 = 3:10
| title7 = Galatfehmi
| note7 = Female Version
| extra7 = Madhubanti Bagchi, Sachin–Jigar
| length7 = 3:12
}}

==Release==
The film's trailer was released on 1 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawal |first=Sugandha |date=1 March 2025 |title=Nadaaniyan trailer: Ibrahim Ali Khan is boyfriend-for-hire in college romcom with Khushi Kapoor |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/nadaaniyan-trailer-ibrahim-ali-khan-is-boyfriend-for-hire-in-college-romcom-with-khushi-kapoor-101740820368277.html |access-date=1 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadaaniyan Trailer: Ibrahim Ali Khan And Khushi Kapoor All Set To Take Over Our Screens With Their Whirlwind Romance |website=www.ndtv.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nadaaniyan-trailer-ibrahim-ali-khan-and-khushi-kapoor-all-set-to-take-over-our-screens-with-their-whirlwind-romance-7822531 |access-date=1 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

The film premiered at a special screening to mark Ibrahim Ali Khan's birthday on 5 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sonali|first=Kriti|title=At Nadaaniyan screening, Sara Ali Khan is 'loudest cheerleader' for brother Ibrahim Ali Khan: 'Always a star in ….|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nadaaniyan-screening-sara-ali-khan-is-loudest-cheerleader-for-brother-ibrahim-ali-khan-always-a-star-in-9871254/|date=6 March 2025|access-date=6 March 2025|work=The Indian Express|archive-date=6 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306113235/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nadaaniyan-screening-sara-ali-khan-is-loudest-cheerleader-for-brother-ibrahim-ali-khan-always-a-star-in-9871254/|url-status=live}}</ref> It released on 7 March 2025 on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibrahim Ali Khan and Khushi Kapoor's Nadaaniyan to start streaming on Netflix from March 7 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoors-nadaaniyan-start-streaming-netflix-march-7/ |access-date=2 March 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=20 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=12|count=17|average=3.8|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=15 March 2025}}

Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' opined, "The mostly breezy and quickly forgettable film rolls out the requisite packaging needed to justify itself. You have the bright lighting, modish costumes and appropriate [[Gen Z]] lingo, but not the compelling characters or unexpected scenarios that might generate emotional investment in exaggerated conflicts."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Nadaaniyan' review: Emotional conflict lite|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1079852/nadaaniyan-review-emotional-conflict-lite |date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Scroll.in }}</ref> [[NDTV]]'s [[Saibal Chatterjee]] termed it "a passably lively but spectacularly shallow rom-com", adding that despite addressing certain serious themes, "its tone being steadfastly glib, its well-meaning postulations do not quite hit home".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|title=Nadaaniyan Review: A Passably Lively But Spectacularly Shallow Rom-Com|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nadaaniyan-review-a-passably-lively-but-spectacularly-shallow-rom-com-2-stars-7868759#pfrom-movies-topstories|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |website=NDTV }}</ref>

[[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' reviewed, "Recycling the likes of ''[[Drive Me Crazy]]'' and ilk for its hackneyed plot and a wannabe attempt at ''[[Never Have I Ever (TV series)|Never Have I Ever]]''{{'s}} self-aware humour, ''Nadaaniyan''{{'s}} lack of charm, chemistry and cheek fails to create any ripples."<ref name="rediffreview">{{Cite web |last=Verma|first=Sukanya|title=Review: Naah-daniyan!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/nadaniyaan-review/20250307.htm |date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Rediff.com }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]''{{'}} Rishabh Suri wrote that the "world of ''Nadaaniyan'' exists in a bubble, isolated from the realities of life", and criticised the screenplay of Ishita Moitra, Riva Razdan Kapoor and Jehan Handa for its "tone-deaf portrayal of school life".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suri|first=Rishabh|title=Nadaaniyan review: Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor's bland film is a warning sign, Bollywood romance is heading south|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nadaaniyan-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-s-bland-film-is-a-warning-sign-bollywood-romance-is-heading-south-101741331873031.html|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref> Similarly, ''[[Mid-Day]]''{{'}}s Bohini Bandopadhyay opined that the script felt [[AI-generated]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bandopadhyay|first=Bohini|title=Nadaaniyan review: A childish attempt at Bollywood romance, falls flat|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-netflix-23495562|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=Mid-Day }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' also found the film "tone deaf, and offensive, in a plot that feels like a rehash of every Karan Johar rom com ever made, without his trademark sparkle".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|title=Nadaaniyan movie review: Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor film rehashes every Karan Johar romcom, without his sparkle|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-film-rehashes-every-karan-johar-romcom-without-his-sparkle-9874035/|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=The Indian EXpress }}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'', Rahul Desai dismissed the performances of both Khushi Kapoor and Ibrahim Ali Khan, and bemoaned that the film "blunts the [[Dharma Productions]]’ shtick of meta gags, woke updates and confessional storytelling".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai|first=Rahul|title='Nadaaniyan' Movie Review: Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor Both At-Sea in This Vacant Vanity Vehicle|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/nadaaniyan-movie-review-where-is-the-love |date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India }}</ref> ''[[Mint Lounge]]''{{'s}} Uday Bhatia found Jugal Hansraj and Dia Mirza's performances to be the sole positive aspects of an "uninspired, unsure film".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatia|first=Uday|title='Nadaaniyan' review: The kids never stood a chance|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/nadaaniyan-review-film-khushi-kapoor-ibrahim-ali-khan-shauna-gautam-11741324526434.html|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=Mint Lounge }}</ref> Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]'' labelled the film "dated" and "unsalvageable", and was particularly unimpressed with the chemistry between Kapoor and Khan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar|first=Vineeta|title=Nadaaniyan review: Student of The Year meets daily soap and is unsalvageable|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/nadaaniyan-review-student-of-the-year-meets-daily-soap-and-is-unsalvageable-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-netflix-film-2690063-2025-03-07|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=India Today }}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' found it an "utterly immature dramedy" and panned Kapoor's "expressionless face and frozen smile".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb Roy|first=Lachmi|title=Netflix & Karan Johar's Nadaaniyan Movie Review: Ibrahim Ali Khan tries hard to salvage a boring, bland, frivolous love story; Khushi Kapoor fails to impress|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-tries-hard-to-salvage-a-boring-bland-frivolous-love-story-khushi-kapoor-fails-to-impress-13869481.html|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Firstpost }}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} Anuj Kumar criticised it as another attempt of producer Karan Johar to launch [[nepo baby|nepo babies]], and was dismissive of Khan's performance, writing that he "seems to be reading his lines instead of rendering them".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar|first=Anuj|title='Nadaaniyan' movie review: Ibrahim Ali Khan's debut film doesn't pass the test|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-netflix/article69301917.ece|date=7 March 2025|access-date=7 March 2025 |work=The Hindu }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|30422937}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|nadaaniyan}}
* [https://www.netflix.com/in/title/81689641 ''Nadaaniyan''] on [[Netflix]]

[[Category:2025 English-language films]]
[[Category:2020s high school films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s teen comedy films]]
[[Category:2020s teen drama films]]
[[Category:2020s teen romance films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about interclass romance]]
[[Category:Films about proms]]
[[Category:Films about the upper class]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sachin–Jigar]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
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[[Category:Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama films]]
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[[Category:Netflix original films]]

Pennarasi

2026-03-04T05:05:35Z

MerryGrubb79668: new first data basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pennarasi poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = K. Somu
| writer = [[A. P. Nagarajan]]
| producer = M. A. Venu
| starring = [[P. Kannamba]] A. P. Nagarajan [[M. N. Nambiar]] [[P. S. Veerappa]] [[Rajasulochana]] Suryakala
| cinematography = J. G. Vijayam
| editing = T. Vijayarangam
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = M. A. V. Pictures
| distributor = Raja Films<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=10 April 1955 |title=பெண்ணரசி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1955-04-10/page/n17/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240913123641/https://archive.org/details/kalki1955-04-10/page/n17/mode/2up |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=17 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1955|04|14}}
| runtime = 15,430 ft.
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Pennarasi''''' ({{Translation|Queen}}) is a 1955 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film starring [[A. P. Nagarajan]] and [[P. Kannamba]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=2 July 2011 |title=Pennarasi 1955 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pennarasi-1955/article2153442.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101043206/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pennarasi-1955/article2153442.ece |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was released on 14 April 1955.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1955 – பெண்ணரசி – எம்.ஏ.வி. பிக்சர்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails23.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917000530/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails23.asp |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=16 September 2016 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2024}}
The film is about a queen whose kingdom was protected by the commander. While the commander is loyal to the queen, her minister is a wily person. The chieftain of a neighbouring land is trying to grab the queen's kingdom with the connivance of a wily minister. The chieftain sends his court dancer who is also his mistress to seduce the minister. The commander, who is the hero in the film, has a lover. Many interesting situations and incidents take place that form the story of the film. At the end, the villains are exposed. The commander marries his sweetheart.

== Cast ==
The list was adapted from an article of the film's review.<ref name="hindu" />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[A. P. Nagarajan|Nalvar Nagarajan]] as the Commander Vikraman
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as the Minister Vijayasimman
*[[P. S. Veerappa]] as the Chieftain Marthandan (Sornapuri)
*[[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Mathisegaran
*[[V. M. Ezhumalai]] as
*[[A. Karunanidhi]] as Veeran
*[[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Magudapathi
* P. S. Vengadachalam as Chief Minister Chithrasenan
*M. A. Ganapathi
*R. Pakkirisami as Alahalan
*S. M. Thirupathisami
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*[[P. Kannamba]] as the Queen
*[[Rajasulochana|P. R. Sulochana]] as the court dancer Jeeva
*Suryakala as Manjula (Commander's lover)
*[[E. V. Saroja]] as Mallika
*[[C. T. Rajakantham]] as Commander Vikraman's mother
*P. Kanaka as Ranjitha
*M. K. Vijaya as
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by M. A. Venu who also made [[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]], [[Mangalyam (1954 film)|Mangalyam]], [[Town Bus]], [[Panam Panthiyile]] and [[Mudhalali]]. This film, Pennarasi, was produced at [[Central Studios]], [[Coimbatore]].<ref name="hindu" /><ref name="lakshmansruthi" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=96 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song
! Singer
! Lyricist
! Duration
|-
| "Nethiyile Neela Nira Pottu"
| [[S. C. Krishnan]], P. Kanaka
| rowspan=5|[[A. Maruthakasi]]
| 03:22
|-
| "Konjam Kooda Kuri Thavaraadhu .. Thenamudham"
| [[Jikki]]
|
|-
| "Ulagam Chezhippathu Pennaaley"
| [[P. Leela]]
| 02:46
|-
| "Inbam Enguminge"
| [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[M. S. Rajeswari]]
| 03:05
|-
| "Seer Valara"
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| 02:39
|-
| "Chandiran Madhiyam .. Paathaiyin Mele Viliyai Vaithu"
| S. C. Krishnan, P. Kanaka, Thiruchi Loganathan, M. S. Rajeswari
| rowspan=4|[[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]]
| 03:48
|-
| "Venradhu Soozhchi"
| T. M. Soundararajan
| 01:28
|-
| "Pennai Petha Appan"
| S. C. Krishnan, U. R. Chandra
|
|-
| "Thodaathe Thodaathe"
| S. C. Krishnan, P. Kanaka
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{A. P. Nagarajan}}

[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:1955 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Somu]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by A. P. Nagarajan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Hum Panchhi Ek Daal Ke

2026-03-04T04:05:39Z

MerryGrubb79668: minor corrected lead after review and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke
| image = Hum Panchhi Ek Daal Ke.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = P. L. Santoshi
| producer = Sadashiv J. Row Kavi
| writer = P. L. Santoshi
| screenplay =
| story = [[R. K. Narayan]] Rao
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Master Romi|Romi]] [[Satish Vyas (actor)|Satish Vyas]] [[Mohan Choti]] [[Daisy Irani (actress)|Daisy Irani]] [[Jagdeep]]
| narrator = [[Manmohan Krishna]]
| music = [[Datta Naik|N. Datta]]
| cinematography = S. Maruti Rao
| editing = J. S. Diwadkar
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1957}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke''''' ({{Translation|We are birds on a single branch}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film starring [[Master Romi|Romi]], [[Satish Vyas (actor)|Satish Vyas]], [[Mohan Choti]], [[Daisy Irani (actress)|Daisy Irani]] and [[Jagdeep]] in lead roles. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]].

== Plot ==
Rajendranath Mehra, affectionately called "Rajan", by his parents and friends, is the only son of Rai Bahadur Kailashnath Mehra. He studies in a nearby school with Nandlal "Nandu", Mehmood, Chatpat, Guru and others. Once, Nandlal plans for an educational tour with his classmates. Rajan wants to go with them, which is not permitted by his angry father, because he doesn't like the friendship between his rich son and his poor classmates, but his mother helps him to go.

The next morning, when his father is informed of this, he is enraged. At first, he sends his servant Damu, to bring Rajan home, which he fails. Then his father sends his friend Mirza Usman for the same. When he also fails, his father decides to go fetch his son himself. When his father goes in search, he is informed that children are back to their own homes. After returning home, Rajan's father forbids Rajan to go to school further. In lieu of school, he places an ad for a private tutor for Rajan. A tutor is selected by his father, who is an ex-ringmaster.

Rajan, with the help of his friend Chatpat, manages to go outside and meet with his friends as well as take part in a school drama. After a month, on the salary date of the tutor, Rajan's father discovers that his son has not taken any classes and it is his friend, who has given proxy for his son. Again enraged, he begins search for his son, which leads him to his friend Nandlal's house. He learns that Nandlal was injured, so his son is selling newspapers for their income. Then, he realises his mistake. He then decides for more facilities and entertainment for Rajan and his friends. At last, he accepts the friendship between Rajan and his friends.
==Cast==
* [[Master Romi|Romi]] as Rajendranath Mehra "Rajan"
* [[Satish Vyas (actor)|Satish Vyas]] as Nandlal "Nandu"
* [[Jagdeep]] as Mehmood
* [[Daisy Irani (actress)|Daisy Irani]] as Chatpat
* [[Mohan Choti]] as Guru
* [[B. M. Vyas]] as Rehman
* [[Marutirao Parab]] as Damu
* [[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as Rai Bahadur Kailashnath Mehra
* [[Achala Sachdev]] as Prema Mehra
* [[David Abraham Cheulkar|David]] as Mirza Usman

== Production ==
''Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke'' was directed by P. L. Santoshi, and produced by Sadashiv J. Row Kavi under [[AVM Productions]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.osianama.com/indian-film-cinema-publicity-memorabilia/song-synopsis-booklets/hum-panchhi-ek-dal-ke-1957-1106393 |title=The world's leading knowledge-base on the Indian arts, cinema & cultural heritage |archive-date=5 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905143411/https://www.osianama.com/indian-film-cinema-publicity-memorabilia/song-synopsis-booklets/hum-panchhi-ek-dal-ke-1957-1106393}}</ref> It was shot in Madras.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/daisy-irani-reveals-she-was-raped-at-age-of-6-during-an-outdoor-shoot-of-hum-panchhi-ek-daal-ke/03231135|title = Daisy Irani Reveals She Was Raped at Age of 6 During an Outdoor Shoot of 'Hum Panchhi Ek Daal Ke'|date = 23 March 2018}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Datta Naik|N. Datta]] and lyrics written by P. L. Santoshi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Hum-Panchhi-Ek-Daal-Ke-1957/RfcVFLESIGI_|title = Hum Panchhi Ek Daal Ke - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date = 31 December 1957}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Ek Se Do Bhale"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Pooja Ke Do Phool"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Lo Chhip Gaya Chand"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Suno Suno Re Kahani Ek Bahut Purani, Jise Kehti Thi Nani, Ho Ek Bahut Purani Suno Suno Re Kahani"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Suman Kalyanpur]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Shamshad Begum]]
|-
| "Sab Hain Bharatwasi, Bolo Bhai Sab Hain Bharatwasi"
| Asha Bhosle, Suman Kalyanpur
|-
|}

== Accolades ==
At the [[5th National Film Awards]], ''Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]].<ref name="5thawardPDF">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf |title=5th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0269344|Hum Panchhi Ek Dal Ke}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{National Film Award for Best Children's Film}}

[[Category:1957 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Datta Naik]]
[[Category:Indian children's films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Maa Alludu Very Good

2026-03-03T21:58:32Z

MerryGrubb79668: added a post!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maa Alludu Very Good
| image = Maa Alludu Very Good.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = [[Janardhana Maharshi]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| screenplay = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| producer = M.Ramalinga Raju
| director = [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Allari Naresh]] [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]] [[Monica (Tamil actress)|Mounika]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = V. Srinivasa Reddy
| editing = Gautham Raju
| studio = Roja Movies
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2003|12|6}}
| runtime = 143 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Maa Alludu Very Good''''' ({{translation|Our son-in-law is very good}}) is a 2003 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]. Starring [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Allari Naresh]], [[Ramya Krishna]], and [[Monica (Tamil actress)|Mounika]] with music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. The film became commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news248.html|title=2 more comedies from EVV|date=6 May 2004|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a fray between multimillionaire AV Rao, proprietor of Coca-Cola Company, and a petty thief, Parasuram, who repeatedly acquaint themselves with a crazy room. AV Rao falls victim while seizing Parasuram, which develops into enmity. Once, Parasuram views a charming girl, Meghana, while heisting a hostel and falls in love with her at first sight. He learns about the big load that her spouse should possess from a diary, such as he should speak in various languages and be a well-educated, sincere Police officer. Parasuram impresses Meghana by shaming her with the qualities that she likes.

AV Rao is a widower, and his mother wants to remarriage him since he is just 40, with which he disagrees. However, his stubbornness vanishes after viewing an equivalent-age lady bachelor, Prabhavati, and he designates her as his secretary. Yet, he forges as a single to gain her love, which she accepts. The tale twist is that Meghana is AV Rao’s daughter, and she also specifies that her father should perform weddings. Anyhow, AV Rao sets foot back, considering the would-be son-in-law. Meghana conveys & grants it from Parasuram and reveals her love affair to AV Rao. Thus, he seeks to see Parasuram when the two get bewildered by the face-to-face interaction. AV Rao unwraps Parasuram’s dark shade to Meghana, and she blackballs him. Here, Parasuram enrages & exposes before Prabhavati that AV Rao has an 18-year-old daughter as vengeance, and she, too, discards him. Being conscious of it, Meghana pledges to unite Prabhavati and her father. She obtains her warmth by joining as their tenant.

Meanwhile, Parasuram tactically intrudes into a post at AV Rao, acquires his faith, and turns him into a zany. Parallelly, Meghana calls off Prabhavati’s matches with wit, and she faces the music, misconstrues it as AV Rao’s deed, and charges him. Ergo, he settles a fine wedding match with her, staying unbeknownst. Hearing it, Meghana returns & wipes when AV Rao miscalls her talk and feels she is still in love with Parasuram. AV Rao keeps a final test for Parasuram, which he triumphs at his life risk. AV Rao declares Parasuram as his son-in-law when Meghana stipulates that he should fuse her father with Prabhavati. At last, Parasuram artfully attunes Prabhavati by comprehending AV Rao’s virtue & Meghana is his daughter. Finally, the movie ends happily with the marriage of the two pairs, and they are blessed with baby boys after one year.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as A. V. Rao
*[[Allari Naresh]] as Parasuram
*[[Ramya Krishna]] as Prabhavathi
*[[Monica (Tamil actress)|Mounika]] as Meghana
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Variety Pullaiah
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as A. V. Rao's mother
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Dentist
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Driver
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Prabhavathi's father
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
*[[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao|Kondavalasa]] as C. I. Vishnu Mani
*[[Lakshmipati (actor)|Lakshmipathi]] as Watchman
*[[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as Police officer
*[[Raghu Babu]]
*[[Rami Reddy (actor)|Rami Reddy]] as Anna Seth
*[[Bandla Ganesh]] as Watchman
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]
*[[Allari Subhashini]] as Hostel Warden
*[[Karate Kalyani]] as Anna Seth's wife
*[[Ramya Sri]]
*[[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]] as Police officer
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Police officer
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Maa Alludu Very Good
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2003
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:52
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Pilisthe Palukutha]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Nenunnanu]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

Music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Lyrics written by [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]. Music released on [[Aditya Music]] Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/maa-alludu-very-good-a0000325 |title=Maa Alludu Very Good Songs|work=Raaga}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =Track List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:52
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =

| title1 = Mutyala Pallakilo
| extra1 = [[S. P. B. Charan|SP Charan]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length1 = 4:49

| title2 = Nee Dumpatega
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]], Chitra
| length2 = 4:44

| title3 = Pellantu Chesukunte
| extra3 = Ravi Varma, [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]
| length3 = 4:40

| title4 = Paluke Bangaramayene
| extra4 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]]
| length4 = 4:38

| title5 = Mavagaru Pilla Nachindi
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, SP Charan, Pallavi
| length5 = 4:42

| title6 = Padaka Padaka
| extra6 = M.M.Keeravani, Sunitha
| length6 = 5:06
}}

==Reception==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 and wrote, "Over all it's an average film with good comedy packed in it. Its definitely better than any of the recent offerings by EVV Satyanarayana".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-mavg.html |title=Maa Alludu Very Good Review|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=6 December 2003|access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref>

==Home media==

The film is streaming on [[Sun NXT]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Maa Alludu Very Good (Telugu) Full Movie Online {{!}} Sun NXT |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/telugu-movie-maa-alludu-very-good-2003/detail/10382 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=www.sunnxt.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1579802}}

{{E. V. V. Satyanarayana}}

[[Category:Films directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy films]]
[[Category:2003 comedy films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 Telugu-language films]]

Ahatallah

2026-02-22T12:21:54Z

MerryGrubb79668: created first pg w/ infobox.

{{Expand Malayalam|date=January 2024}}
{{Short description|Syriac Orthodox bishop}}
'''Ahatallah''' (1590 – c. 1655) was a Syrian Orthodox Church metropolitan<ref name="frykenberg_onAhatallah">{{cite book |last= Frykenberg|first= Robert Erick |title=Christianity in India From Beginnings to the Present |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=367 |isbn= 978-0-19-154419-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOrglHSX6rsC |language=en }}</ref> chiefly known for his trip to [[India]] in 1652. His mysterious appearance in, and disappearance from [[Portuguese India]] caused a great uproar there, and resulted directly in a revolt by the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] against Portuguese rule and the establishment of an independent [[Malankara Church]].

{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific_prefix = Mor
| name = Cyril Ahatallah Ibn-Issa
| consecration = Moran Mor Ignatius Hidayat Aloho
| birth_date = 1590 (approx)
| birth_place = Aleppo
| death_date = 26 March 1654
| buried =
| other_post = Metropolitan of Damascus, Homs, Nicomedia
| profession =
| type = Metropolitan
| image = അഹത്തള്ള പാത്രിയർക്കീസ് ഭാവനയിൽ.jpg
| caption = Mor Ahatallah
}}

==Biography==
Ahatallah's biography is obscure. Many earlier scholars, including the Lebanese Orientalist [[Joseph Simon Assemani]] and [[Edward René Hambye]], believed he was a Jacobite, a member of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]].<ref name=Vadakkekara>Vadakkekara, pp. 80–81 and note.</ref> However, later research by Joseph Thekedathu, relying on additional documents found in the archives in the Vatican and Goa, has established further details of his life.<ref name=Neill317>Neill, p. 317.</ref> He was born in [[Aleppo]], Syria, in 1590, and did enter the Syriac Orthodox Church, eventually being consecrated Bishop of [[Damascus]]. While bishop he converted to the [[Catholic Church]], and in 1632 he traveled to [[Rome]]. He stayed there for over a year, and became fluent in Italian. Eventually he requested to return to Syria, where he vowed he would bring the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch]], [[Ignatius Hidayat Aloho]], into communion with Rome. What happened thereafter is unclear.<ref name=Neill317/>

Ahatallah was certainly unsuccessful in converting Hidayat Aloho before the patriarch died in 1639.<ref name=Neill317/> Apparently, he was later elected Patriarch of Antioch under the name Ignatius by a group of Syrian Orthodox bishops.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Four apologetic church histories from India|last=Perczel|first=István|page=196 and note|author-link=István Perczel|journal=The Harp|volume=24|year=2011|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333954350}}</ref> After that point, Ahatallah apparently began claiming he was Hidayat Aloho's rightful successor, and began styling himself "Ignatius", the name traditionally borne by Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs. Since Turkish opposition made it impossible for him to take up this post, he had been despatched to Persia to care for the churches there.<ref name=Neill317/> By 1646 he was in [[Cairo]], where he seems to have been known at the court of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic]] [[Pope of Alexandria]]. That year he sent a correspondence to the [[Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]] (Propaganda Fide) in Rome, but received no response for several years. While Ahatallah was in Cairo, the Pope of Alexandria, [[Pope Mark VI of Alexandria|Mark VI]], received a letter from [[Mar Thoma I|Thomas]], [[Archdeacon]] of the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community in [[India]]. Thomas was at loggerheads with the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese administration in India]], and had begun appealing to various foreign patriarchs – the [[Patriarch of the Church of the East]] in Persia, the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch in Syria, and Pope Mark in Egypt – for assistance. Since there was no one else to send, Mark suggested to Ahatallah to take up this important work. Having nothing else to do, Ahatallah accepted this commission.<ref name=Neill317/>

Ahatallah arrived in India in 1652, coming first to [[Surat]].<ref>Neill, p. 316.</ref> There he made the acquaintance of the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] monks, but afraid of being taken by the authorities and subjected to the [[Inquisition]], he quietly boarded a Dutch vessel bound for [[Mylapore]], which he reached most likely in August 1562.<ref>Neill, pp. 316–317.</ref> There, he began claiming that the Pope had commissioned him as "Patriarch of the Whole of India and of China", and that his patriarchal name was Ignatius. The Portuguese decided he was an impostor, and possibly a heretic, and summarily arrested him and put him in the custody of the [[Jesuits]]. However, the Jesuits extended considerable freedom to him, and allowed him to meet with Zachariah Cherrian Unni and two other members of the Saint Thomas Christian clergy. Ahatallah greatly impressed the native clergymen, who returned to their home region of [[Kerala]] with a letter from their community's new "Patriarch".<ref name=Neill317/>

Historian [[Stephen Neill]] notes the difficulty in determining what of Ahatallah's story can be accepted as true.<ref name=Neill317/> There is no evidence that the Roman pope had authorized him to go to India, let alone claim to be its Patriarch. Similarly, the Coptic pope could not have given him the commission, as he could assert no authority in India, which was under the jurisdiction of other patriarchs – historically the Patriarch of the Church of the East and now the Roman pope. Neill notes that however exaggerated these claims were, there is little reason to doubt that Ahatallah was at least a bishop, who had converted from the Syriac Orthodox Church to Catholicism.<ref name=Neill317/> But another historian Robert Erick Frykenberg states that he was a member of Syriac Orthodox Church when he came to India.<ref name="frykenberg_onAhatallah"/>

==Disappearance and aftermath==
{{More|Coonan Cross Oath}}
Ahatallah's appearance had joyed the Saint Thomas Christians, who had hoped for a new ecclesiastical leader to free them from the power of the Portuguese ''[[Padroado]]'', which since the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599 had formally controlled church life in India. Soon, however, the Jesuit Manoel de Leira secretly alerted the Portuguese authorities about Ahatallah's activities, and they put him on a ship headed for [[Cochin]] and [[Goa]].<ref>Frykenberg, p. 367.</ref> Hearing of this, [[Mar Thoma I|Archdeacon Thomas]] led his militia to Cochin and demanded to meet with Ahatallah and examine his credentials. The Portuguese officials refused. They noted that no Patriarch could be legally assigned to India without the dispensation of the Portuguese, and informed Thomas that Ahatallah had already been sent to Goa.<ref>Frykenberg, p. 367–368.</ref>

Ahatallah was never heard from again in India, and the Saint Thomas Christians soon suspected that the Portuguese had murdered him. Rumours spread that the Portuguese had drowned him in Cochin harbour before the ships even left for Goa, or even that they had tried him for heresy and burned him at the stake. Even the earlier historians have mentioned that Ahatallah was drowned by the Portuguese.<ref name="MarAprem"/> Some modern writers state that Ahatallah was not killed in 1653 but was sent as a prisoner to Lisbon, where he reportedly died a natural death in the prison.<ref name="MarAprem">{{cite book |last= Aprem |first= (Mar) |title=Mar Abdisho Thondanat-A Biography |date=1987 |publisher=Mar Narsai Press |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZxKAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref> Based on the research of Joseph Thekedathu, it has been claimed that Ahatallah did in fact reach Goa, and was then sent on to [[Lisbon]] with the ultimate goal of having his case decided in [[Rome]], but died in Paris in 1654 while on the way.<ref name=Neill319>Neill, p. 319.</ref><ref>Vadakkekara, p. 81.</ref>

After realizing that the Portuguese had taken Ahatallah, representatives of the Saint Thomas Christians came together at the Church of Our Lady in [[Mattancherry]] and swore the [[Coonan Cross Oath]], in which they vowed they would never again submit to the Portuguese. By this action, an independent Thomas Christian church, known as the [[Malankara Church]], was formed, and its leaders soon decided that Archdeacon Thomas should be elevated to the episcopal position they had earlier hoped Ahatallah would fill.

Supporting that move, Anjilimoothil Ittithommen, one of the senior priests, produced two letters supposedly from Ahatallah that authorized the Archdeacon's consecration as bishop and detailed a ceremony facilitating it.<ref name="Neill320321">Neill, pp. 320–321.</ref> According to these letters, if no bishop could be found to perform the consecration, twelve priests could [[Laying on of hands|lay their hands]] on the candidate instead.<ref name="Vadakkekara" /><ref>Vadakkekara, p. 82.</ref> The authenticity of these letters is not clear. According to [[Stephen Neill]], these letters were almost certainly not authentic, and were probably forged by Ittithommen himself.<ref name="Vadakkekara" /><ref name="Neill320321" /> Some were skeptical of this atypical ceremony, but Ahatallah's reputation and the enthusiastic mood ensured that it went ahead as planned. Thomas was consecrated by twelve priests, who laid one of the letters attributed to Ahatallah on his head, and afterward he acted fully as the [[Malankara Metropolitan|metropolitan of Malankara]].<ref name="Neill320321" />

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Frykenberg, Eric (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sOrglHSX6rsC&q=%22Malankara+Church%22 ''Christianity in India: from Beginnings to the Present'']. Oxford. {{ISBN|0-19-826377-5}}.
*{{cite book |title= A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707 |last= Neill|first= Stephen|author-link= Stephen Neill|year= 2004 |publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 0-521-54885-3|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC|access-date=April 20, 2010}}
*Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pAncGlpGW8wC ''Origin of Christianity in India: a historiographical critique'']. Media House Delhi.
*Brakmann, Heinzgerd: ''Jean Morin, Honoré de Bonfils und Atallahs Pontifikale: eine Episode frühneuzeitlicher liturgischer Syrologie''. In: Oriens christianus vol. 96 (2012) p. 47-77.

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Religious leaders from Aleppo]]
[[Category:Syrian bishops]]
[[Category:1590 births]]
[[Category:1650s deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodoxy in India]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Oriental Orthodoxy]]

1944–45 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-21T15:42:23Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1944–45 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 350px
| caption = The Ranji Trophy
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| fromdate =
| todate =
| champions = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| count = 4
| participants = 17
| matches = 16
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Rusi Modi]] (Bombay) (1008)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1944/45 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1944-45/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[C. S. Nayudu]] (Holkar) (33)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1944/45 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1944-45/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1943–44
| previous_tournament = 1943–44 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1945–46
| next_tournament = 1945–46 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1944–45 Ranji Trophy''' was the 11th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] won the title defeating [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] in the final.

==Highlights==
*[[Rusi Modi]] of Bombay scored 1008 runs in the season. He played five matches and averaged 201.60. No other batsman would score even 900 in a season until [[W. V. Raman]] made 1018 runs in [[1988–89 Ranji Trophy|1988–89]] by which time teams played more matches.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/Series/Ranji_Trophy/Batting_Records/Most_Season_Runs.html Most runs in a Ranji season]</ref>
:*Modi scored hundreds in each of the five matches. His scores were 160, 210, 245* & 31*, 113 and 98 & 151 in the final.<ref>[https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1944-45/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/ 1944-45 Ranji season scorecards]</ref> He had scored 168 and 128 in the last two matches of the [[1943–44 Ranji Trophy|1943-44 season]], thus scoring hundreds in five consecutive innings and seven consecutive matches in Ranji Trophy.
:*Modi's five centuries in a season was another record. As of 2021, only [[V. V. S. Laxman]] (eight hundreds in [[1999–00 Ranji Trophy|1999–00]]), [[Kedar Jadhav]] (six in [[2013–14 Ranji Trophy|2013–14]]) and [[Milind Kumar]] (six in [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy|2018–19]]) have made more hundreds in a season.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/Series/Ranji_Trophy/Batting_Records/Most_Season_Centuries.html Most hundreds in a season]</ref>

*[[C. S. Nayudu]] of Holkar bowled 917 balls in the final, a record in all first class cricket.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Bowling/Most_Balls_Bowled_in_a_Match.html Most balls bowled in a match, ACS]</ref><ref name="OTD">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149597.html |title=The IPL is born |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref>

==Zonal Matches==
=== West Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|9 Dec 1944 – Poona|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''372 & 363'''|[[Nawanagar cricket team|Nawanagar]]|131 & 115
|||||
|3 Nov 1944 – Karachi|[[Sind cricket team|Sind]]|264 & 244/4d|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''432 & 16/1'''
|15 Dec 1944 – Ahmedabad|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|140 & 155|'''[[Western India cricket team|Western India]]'''|'''224 & 271'''

|16 Dec 1944 – Poona|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|205 & 267|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''314 & 512/3'''
|30 Dec 1944 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''592/6d'''|[[Western India cricket team|Western India]]|188 & 92

|27 Jan 1945 – Baroda|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|151 & 390|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''468 & 74/3'''

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=no
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

=== North Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|9 Dec 1944 – Lahore|'''[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]'''|'''358'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|52 & 86
|||||

|26 Jan 1945 – Lahore|'''[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]'''|'''449 & 298/7d'''|[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]|293 & 92

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

===East Zone===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|15 Dec 1944 – Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|158 & 91|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''389'''
|9 Dec 1944 – Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''248 & 157'''|[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]|176 & 154

|18 Jan 1945 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''538'''|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|64 & 176
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

=== South Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|24 Dec 1944 – Madras|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''188 & 233'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|192 & 176
|||||

|20 Jan 1945 – Madras|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''363'''|[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]|78 & 159

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

==Inter-Zonal Knockout matches==
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|16 Feb 1945 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''620 & 58/0'''|[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]|363 & 312
|17 Feb 1945 – Madras|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|254 & 158|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''403 & 11/0'''

|4 Mar 1945 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''462 & 764'''|[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]|360 & 492
}}

==Final==
{{Test match
| date = 4–9 March 1945
| team2 = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] (H)
| score-team1-inns1 = '''462 (160.5 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Rusi Modi]] 98
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[C. S. Nayudu]] 6/153
| score-team2-inns1 = '''360 (117.5 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mushtaq Ali]] 109
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dattu Phadkar]] 5/75
| score-team1-inns2 = '''764 (256 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Vijay Merchant]] 278, [[Rusi Modi]] 151, [[Rusi Cooper]] 104
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[C. S. Nayudu]] 5/275
| score-team2-inns2 = '''492 (155.1 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Denis Compton]] 249*, [[Mushtaq Ali]] 130
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Madan Raiji]] 3/133
| result = Bombay won by 374 runs
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
| umpires = [[M. G. Bhave]] and [[T. A. Ramachandran]]
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17470.html Scorecard]
| toss = Bombay won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes = Timeless match that lasted for six days
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1944-45.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Maqsood|editor1-first=M. H.|editor1-link=M. H. Maqsood|title=Who's Who in Indian Cricket|date=1946|publisher=Z.R. Commercial Corporation|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209994}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1944-45 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1944 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1945 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1944–45]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

TeachAids

2026-02-17T00:17:01Z

MerryGrubb79668: minor changes

{{Short description|Nonprofit social enterprise}}
{{Coord|37.421844|-122.211066|format=dms|region:US-CA_type:edu|display=title}}

'''TeachAids''' (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|iː|tʃ|ˈ|eɪ|d|z}}) is a [[nonprofit organization|nonprofit]] [[social enterprise]] that develops global health education technology products for [[HIV/AIDS]], [[concussion]]s, and [[COVID-19]], based on an approach invented through research at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=timesofindia>{{cite news |title=Moving pictures, moving minds|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VENSTS8yMDExLzA5LzI0I0FyMDEwMDA%3D&Mode=Gif|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710034703/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VENSTS8yMDExLzA5LzI0I0FyMDEwMDA%3D&Mode=Gif|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2015|author=Mahafreed Irani|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 September 2011 |accessdate=4 October 2011 }}</ref><ref name=thehindu>{{cite news |title=Overcoming barriers through technology|url=https://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article2424489.ece|author=Paromita Pain|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 September 2011 |accessdate=5 September 2011 }}</ref>

{{Infobox organization
| name = TeachAids
| logo = [[File:TeachAIDS logotype 2018.svg|200px|alt=TeachAids Logo]]
| type = [[United States|U.S.]] [[501(c)(3)]] [[nonprofit organization|nonprofit]]
| founded_date = 2009
| founders = [[Piya Sorcar]] [[Clifford Nass]] [[Shuman Ghosemajumder]] Ashwini Doshi
| location = [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| origins = [[Stanford University]]
| key_people = [[Piya Sorcar]] (CEO)
| focus = [[education]] [[technology]]
| homepage = [https://www.teachaids.org teachaids.org]
}}

The TeachAids software for HIV education, their first area of focus, has been cited as a model health intervention.<ref>{{cite book |title=Health Communication in the New Media Landscape|url=https://www.springerpub.com/product/9780826101228|last1=Parker|first1=Jerry C.|last2=Thorson|first2=Esther|year=2008 |publisher=Springer Publishing|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-8261-0122-8|page=393}}</ref><ref name=stanford>{{cite news |title=Stanford-affiliated nonprofit sets standard for AIDS education|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/july/nonprofit-aids-education-072512.html|author=Max McClure|date=25 July 2012 |publisher=[[Stanford University]]|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> Since the materials bypass issues of [[Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS|stigma]], they allow HIV prevention education to be provided to communities where it has previously not been allowed.<ref name=mtr>{{cite news |title=TR35: Piya Sorcar: Software that can be localized to teach taboo topics|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/profile.aspx?TRID=1102|work=[[MIT Technology Review]]|date=23 August 2011 |accessdate=23 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Star touch to animated film on HIV/AIDS|url=http://expressbuzz.com/cities/hyderabad/star-touch-to-animated-film-on-hivaids/226342.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=27 November 2010|accessdate=16 December 2010}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> In other communities, the tutorials provide the highest learning effects and comfort rates of any tested educational approach.<ref name=dt /> Their HIV products are animated, [[E-learning|interactive software tutorials]], developed for individual cultures and languages, and incorporating the voices of celebrities from each region. In [[India]], these include national icons such as [[Amitabh Bachchan]],<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/amitabh-bachchan-joins-s-f-bay-area-nonprofit-teachaids/article_7db6b21c-7cb3-11e4-acab-5b0e15f111e5.html|title=Amitabh Bachchan Joins S.F. Bay Area Nonprofit TeachAids|publisher=India West|accessdate=24 June 2015|archive-date=28 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628014157/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/amitabh-bachchan-joins-s-f-bay-area-nonprofit-teachaids/article_7db6b21c-7cb3-11e4-acab-5b0e15f111e5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Shabana Azmi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Animated film to educate students on HIV|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JSC8yMDEwLzExLzI1I0FyMDA1MDA%3D&Mode=Gif|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710033626/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JSC8yMDEwLzExLzI1I0FyMDA1MDA%3D&Mode=Gif|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 November 2010 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref> [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Animation lessons on HIV/AIDS awareness released|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/27/stories/2010112765081200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204231641/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/27/stories/2010112765081200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 November 2010 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref> and [[Sudeep|Sudeep Ssanjeev]]. In [[Botswana]], they include musicians [[African hip hop#Botswana|Scar]], [[Zeus (Musician)|Zeus]], and former [[List of heads of state of Botswana|President of Botswana]], [[Festus Mogae]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Former President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, joins TeachAIDS Advisory Board|url=http://teachaids.org/blog/former-president-of-botswana-festus-mogae-joins-the-teachaids-advisory-board/|work=TeachAIDS|date=16 September 2010|accessdate=16 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080535/http://teachaids.org/blog/former-president-of-botswana-festus-mogae-joins-the-teachaids-advisory-board/|archive-date=6 December 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

TeachAids operates globally, with its software in use in more than 80 countries.<ref name=stanford /> Its materials are made available for free under a [[Creative Commons]] [[Creative Commons licenses|License]],<ref>{{cite news |title=10 Game-Changing Projects from Creative Commons' Team Open|url=https://www.shareable.net/blog/10-game-changing-projects-from-creative-commons-team-open|author=Cat Johnson|work=Shareable|date=14 January 2015|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> funded by sponsorships, grants, and donations. Backers include [[Barclays]],<ref name=barclays>{{cite web|url=http://www.barclays.co.bw/supporting-communities.html|title=Barclays: Supporting our Communities|publisher=[[Barclays]]|accessdate=9 July 2015|archive-date=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710123422/http://www.barclays.co.bw/supporting-communities.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Cigna]],<ref name=iw>{{cite news|title=Tech Laureate TeachAIDS Expands in India|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/business/tech-laureate-teachaids-expands-in-india/article_66824dbf-64bb-5d13-bdab-b5faa15b68d7.html|work=India West|date=21 October 2012|accessdate=9 July 2015|archive-date=18 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018210935/http://www.indiawest.com/news/business/tech-laureate-teachaids-expands-in-india/article_66824dbf-64bb-5d13-bdab-b5faa15b68d7.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Covington & Burling]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Service Activities 2011|url=https://www.cov.com/~/media/files/corporate/publications/2012/03/public_service_activities_report_2011.pdf|work=[[Covington & Burling]]|date=2011|accessdate=9 July 2015|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926063945/https://www.cov.com/~/media/files/corporate/publications/2012/03/public_service_activities_report_2011.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[UNICEF]],<ref name=unicef>{{cite web|title=UNICEF Botswana Annual Report 2010|url=http://www.unicef.org/botswana/Final_BCO_Public_Annualreport2010_20July.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713065850/http://www.unicef.org/botswana/Final_BCO_Public_Annualreport2010_20July.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2015|work=[[UNICEF]]|date=20 July 2010|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Yahoo!]].

==History==
[[File:Festus Mogea with George Bush July 10, 2003.jpg|thumb|237px|right|Former [[President of Botswana]], [[Festus Mogae]] (right), a TeachAids advisor, helped bring the tutorials to Botswana.]]
TeachAids began in 2005 as a research project at [[Stanford University]]. From 2005 to 2009, a new [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] approach to HIV/AIDS education was developed through [[Institutional review board|IRB]]-approved research by [[Piya Sorcar]].<ref name=nbc>{{cite web |title=Research finally shows that online education works—for sex, alcohol, and health|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/10/17676894-research-finally-shows-that-online-education-works-for-sex-alcohol-and-health|author=Anya Kamenetz|author-link=Anya Kamenetz|work=[[NBC News]]|date=10 April 2013 |accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> Key advisors included professors Shelley Goldman ([[Learning Sciences]]), Martin Carnoy ([[Comparative Education]]), [[Cheryl Koopman]] ([[Psychiatry]]), Randall Stafford ([[Epidemiology]]), and [[Clifford Nass]] ([[Communication]]).<ref name=dt>{{cite web |title=Teaching Taboo Topics Without Talking About Them: An Epistemic Study of a New Approach to HIV/AIDS Prevention Education in India|url=http://gradworks.umi.com/33/53/3353027.html|author=Piya Sorcar|work=[[Stanford University]]|date=1 March 2009 |accessdate=1 March 2009 }}</ref>

The project's goal was to find a way to address the frequently [[taboo]] subjects associated with sexual issues and HIV/AIDS specifically. One major finding was that [[Traditional animation|2D]] [[cartoon]] figures were the optimal balance between comfort and clarity in terms of visual representation for sex-related topics.<ref name=dt /><ref>{{cite news |title=Treating Africa's Biggest Diseases|url=http://tech.caltech.edu/TECH/archive/05_05_2008.pdf |work=[[The California Tech]]|date=5 May 2008|accessdate=9 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830142607/http://tech.caltech.edu/TECH/archive/05_05_2008.pdf|archivedate=30 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> On that basis, animated storyboards were created which emphasized the biological aspects of [[HIV]] transmission and used cultural [[euphemism]]s to overcome [[social stigma]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Let's NOT Talk About Sex, Baby|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e5589d57e3d6e65b0e17efb1fd28bba4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306063918/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e5589d57e3d6e65b0e17efb1fd28bba4|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 6, 2008|work=[[New America Media]]|date=1 December 2007 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref> In addition, specific pedagogical techniques (e.g., [[instructional scaffolding]]) were utilized to create a coherent conception of HIV transmission for learners, as opposed to the fragmented knowledge created by [[mass media]] campaigns.<ref name=hb>[https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Research-Digital-Media-Advertising/dp/1605667927 Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising]. Matthew Eastin, Terry Daugherty, Neal Burns. Information Science Reference, July 31, 2010. {{ISBN|1-60566-792-7}}. Chapter: [http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/Chapter.aspx?TitleId=43374 Teaching Taboo Topics Through Technology].</ref>

Early research versions of the software were sponsored by [[Time Warner]], the [[Government of South Korea]], and [[Neeru Khosla]], and used custom illustrations drawn by Sorcar's father, award-winning animator [[Manick Sorcar]].<ref name=hb /> Pilot versions were subsequently created in [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Kinyarwanda]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Additional experts contributed to the design and evaluation of the materials, including Stanford professors David Katzenstein ([[Infectious Disease]]), Douglas Owens ([[Medicine]]), and [[Roy Pea]] (Learning Sciences).<ref name=about>{{cite web |title=About TeachAids|url=https://teachaids.org/about|work=TeachAIDS|date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref>

TeachAids was spun out of Stanford in 2009 as an independent 501(c)(3) organization, co-founded by [[Piya Sorcar]], [[Clifford Nass]], [[Shuman Ghosemajumder]], and Ashwini Doshi.<ref name=stanford /> It began developing its infrastructure and new versions of its software for additional countries and languages around the world. The first additional versions of the software in [[Indian English]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Tswana language|Tswana]] were launched in 2010.<ref name=newapproach>{{cite news |title=A New Approach to Global HIV/AIDS Education|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-piya-sorcar/a-new-approach-to-global-_b_790420.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=1 December 2010 |accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref>

==Celebrity partners==
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan - TeachAIDS Recording Session (19284544383).jpg|300px|thumb|right|TeachAIDS character of [[Amitabh Bachchan]] (left); Bachchan in 2013 TeachAids recording session (right)]]
The TeachAids interactive software implements animated [[Avatar (computing)|avatars]] of cultural icons to improve pedagogical efficacy. Over time, numerous international actors, musicians, and celebrities have lent their voices and likenesses to the TeachAids materials.<ref name=about /> These include:
{{Refbegin|15em}}
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<ref name=ab />
* [[Amol Palekar]]
* [[Anu Choudhury]]<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131122/jsp/odisha/story_17598480.jsp#.VZ6RhHjFv1I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125120822/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131122/jsp/odisha/story_17598480.jsp#.VZ6RhHjFv1I|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 25, 2013|title=Hush-Hush Topic Gets a Voice|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=22 November 2013|accessdate=8 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Anu Prabhakar]]
* [[Anushka Shetty]]
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
* [[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]]
* [[Moloya Goswami]]
* [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]]<ref name=telegraph />
* [[Navdeep]]
* [[Prashanta Nanda]]
* [[Swati Reddy]]
* [[Shabana Azmi]]<ref name=telegraph />
* [[Shruti Haasan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/shruti-haasan-lends-her-voice-for-aids-awareness/|title=Shruti Haasan lends her voice for AIDS awareness|date=19 December 2014|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|accessdate=8 July 2015}}</ref>
* [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]
* [[Sudeep]]
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam]]
* [[Suriya]]
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
* [[Zerifa Wahid]]
* [[Zeus (Musician)|Zeus]]
{{refend}}

The TeachAids advisory board includes film director [[Mahesh Bhatt]], HIV/AIDS treatment pioneer [[Nimmagadda Prasad]], [[Global Fund for Women]] founder [[Anne Firth Murray]], and former [[List of heads of state of Botswana|President of Botswana]] [[Festus Mogae]]. Actress [[Amala Akkineni]] is a trustee of TeachAids in India.<ref name=about />

In 2020, [[Kate Courtney (cyclist)|Kate Courtney]] starred in a concussion education video for their CrashCourse [[virtual reality]] series.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cyclingnews|date=2020-07-14|title=Kate Courtney presents CrashCourse concussion brain fly-through|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kate-courtney-presents-crashcourse-concussion-brain-fly-through/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=cyclingnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Worldwide use==
[[File:Suriya - TeachAIDS Recording Session (13567066435).jpg|243x243px|Suriya at a TeachAIDS campaign|thumb|alt=]]
[[File:Anushka Shetty - TeachAIDS Recording Session (12106643625).jpg|thumb|right|Actress [[Anushka Shetty]] in 2013 TeachAIDS recording session]]
The TeachAids tutorials are available for free online and are used in more than 80 countries around the world, distributed by over 200 partner organizations.<ref name=stanford /> Numerous [[AIDS service organization]]s, [[AIDS education and training centers]], [[NGO]]s, and government agencies distribute and utilize the tutorials as part of their own HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.<ref name=about /> Some of the organizations partnered with TeachAids include [[CARE (relief agency)|CARE]], the [[Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation]], and the [[United States|U.S.]] [[Peace Corps]].{{cn|date=September 2022}}

In India, the [[National AIDS Control Organisation]] approved the TeachAids materials in January 2010,<ref name=thehindu /><ref>{{cite web|title=National AIDS Control Organisation of India approves TeachAIDS curriculum|url=http://teachaids.org/blog/naco-approves-teachaids/|work=TeachAIDS|date=15 January 2010|accessdate=17 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719203133/http://teachaids.org/blog/naco-approves-teachaids/|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> marking the first time [[HIV/AIDS]] education could be provided decoupled from sex education. Later that year, the [[Government of Karnataka]] approved the materials for their state of 50 million and committed to distributing them in 5,500 government schools.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karnataka government to implement TeachAIDS tutorials in 5,500 schools|url=http://teachaids.org/blog/karnataka-government-to-implement-teachaids-tutorials-in-schools/|work=TeachAIDS|date=7 June 2010|accessdate=16 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728083607/http://teachaids.org/blog/karnataka-government-to-implement-teachaids-tutorials-in-schools/|archive-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In [[Assam]], [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|Chief Minister]] [[Tarun Gogoi]] helped launched TeachAids.<ref name=iw /> [[Odisha]],<ref name=telegraph /> [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnership between APSACS and TeachAIDS|url=http://apsacs.org/teachaids.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813172858/http://apsacs.org/teachaids.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 13, 2014|work=[[Andhra Pradesh]] State AIDS Control Society|date=2013|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> and other Indian states have also joined with official support and distribution.

[[File:TeachAIDS Screenshots 1 (5386016934).jpg|thumb|left|Screenshot from the TeachAIDS software]]
In Botswana, the TeachAids tutorials were adopted nationally as the standard method for HIV/AIDS education. In 2011, the [[Education in Botswana|Ministry of Education]] began distributing the tutorials to every primary, secondary, and tertiary educational institution in the country, reaching all learners from 6 to 24 years of age nationwide. June 15 in Botswana was declared "National TeachAIDS Day".<ref name=stanford /><ref name=barclays />

In the [[United States]], the [https://spice.fsi.stanford.edu/ Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education] distributes the tutorials on [[CD]] along with a custom educator handbook, both of which are made available at no cost.<ref>{{cite web |title=TeachAIDS Educator Handbook: A Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention Curriculum|url=http://spice.stanford.edu/catalog/teachaids_educator_handbook_a_comprehensive_hivaids_prevention_curriculum/|date=16 December 2010|accessdate=16 December 2010 }}</ref>

The creation of TeachAids has been cited as an important innovation in achieving the [[United Nations]] [[Millennium Development Goals|Millennium Development Goal]] for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{cite book |title=Millennium Development Goals Technology Road Map|url=https://www.globalwireonline.org/2015/01/05/buy-now-millennium-development-goals-technology-road-map/#.VZ6XFXjFv1I|last1=Whyte|first1=Talia|last2=Nakello|first2=Marjane|year=2015 |publisher=Global Wire Books|location=New York, NY|asin=B00R5D2Z6C|page=10}}</ref>

In 2012, TeachAids was named one of 12 global laureates by [[The Tech Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tech Awards Laureate: TeachAIDS|url=http://thetechawards.thetech.org/the-laureates/teachaids|work=[[The Tech Awards]]|date=2012|accessdate=9 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703020742/http://thetechawards.thetech.org/the-laureates/teachaids|archive-date=3 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=28 Award Winners Highlight Innovation in Social Entrepreneurship|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2012/09/30/28-award-winners-highlight-innovation-in-social-entrepreneurship/|work=[[Forbes]]|date=30 September 2012|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref> referred to as the "Nobel prize of tech philanthropy".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tech Museum chooses honorees for annual awards|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16127072|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=21 September 2010|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref>

{{clear}}
==See also==
* [[AIDS education and training centers]]
* [[HIV/AIDS in Africa]]
* [[HIV/AIDS in India]]
* [[Sex education]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.teachaids.org TeachAids official website]

[[Category:Companies based in Palo Alto, California]]
[[Category:Educational software companies]]
[[Category:Free and open-source software organizations]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS prevention organizations]]
[[Category:International charities]]
[[Category:Charities based in California]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2009]]
[[Category:Science education software]]
[[Category:Social enterprises]]
[[Category:Health charities in the United States]]
[[Category:Medical and health organizations based in California]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States]]

Samir Modi

2026-02-11T06:55:38Z

MerryGrubb79668: creating basic pg w/ refs.

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Samir Modi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|12|15}}
| image = File:Samir Modi (1969-).jpg
| image_caption = Samir Modi in 2022
| image_size =
| occupation = [[Businessman]]
| education = [[The Doon School]] [[Hindu College, Delhi]] [[Delhi University]] [[Harvard University]]
| title = Executive director, Modi Enterprises
| spouse = Shivani Modi
| children = 2
| parents = [[Krishan Kumar Modi|K.K. Modi]] and Bina Modi
| website =
}}

'''Samir Modi''' (born 15 December 1969) is an Indian businessman, and the younger son of [[Krishan Kumar Modi|K.K. Modi]] and Bina Modi. He is an executive director at [[Modi Enterprises]], which was founded by his grandfather, [[Gujarmal Modi]], in 1933.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhandari|first=Bhupesh|title=Split-proof strategy?|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/split-proof-strategy-111070200045_1.html|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Split-proof strategy?|date=2 July 2011}}</ref> He is also an executive director of [[Godfrey Phillips India]] and a director of Indofil Industries Ltd. He participated in launching various initiatives for the Modi Group, including Modicare, [https://www.colorbarcosmetics.com/ Colorbar Cosmetics] and Twenty Four Seven convenience stores.<ref>{{cite web|title=INDIA CONFERENCE AT HARVARD|url=http://www.harvardindiaconference.com/speaker/samir-modi/|publisher=INDIA CONFERENCE AT HARVARD|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>

==Education==
Modi studied at the all-boys boarding school, [[The Doon School]] in [[Dehradun]]. He then received a bachelor's degree from [[Hindu College, University of Delhi]], and a management degree from [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Sounak |date=20 September 2016 |title=Samir Modi plans aggressive Twenty Four Seven expansion |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/sfM0vzeTlCWMeyhEqIEWEK/Samir-Modi-plans-aggressive-Twenty-Four-Seven-expansion.html |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Modi started his career in 1992 as a management trainee with [[Philip Morris USA|Philip Morris]] in the United States, where he worked on promoting [[Marlboro]] cigarettes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Godfrey Phillips India Ltd |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=26120444&ticker=874649 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140225113142/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=26120444&ticker=874649 |archive-date=25 February 2014 |accessdate=25 February 2014 |publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref> After gaining experience in different roles within the Modi Group's businesses, he launched Modicare in 1996, a network marketing venture that began with 12 products and 300 distributors.<ref>{{cite web |title=An interview with Samir Modi, Managing Director, MODICARE. |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/jobs/0107/05110014.htm |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101061747/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/jobs/0107/05110014.htm |archivedate=1 January 2007 |accessdate=25 February 2014 |publisher=The Hindu Opportunities |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Prasad |first=Swati |date=25 January 1999 |title=Business Inc interview: Samir Modi |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/ie/daily/19990125/02550505.html |accessdate=25 February 2014 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> By 2003, he had taken charge of the cosmetics segment at Modicare and introduced ''Colorbar Cosmetics'' to the Indian market in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2009 |title=Passion over profit |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090119/jsp/entertainment/story_10407321.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203172937/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090119/jsp/entertainment/story_10407321.jsp |archive-date=3 February 2013 |accessdate=25 February 2014 |newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandwani |first=Deepali |date=2019-01-04 |title=How Samir Modi grew ColorBar into an indie luxe brand - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/how-samir-modi-grew-colorbar-into-an-indie-luxe-brand-that-commands-7-of-the-rs-80000-crore-beauty-and-wellness-market-1863641.htm |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=[[CNBC TV18]] |language=en}}</ref> Over time, he worked on transforming ''Colorbar'' into a more premium yet affordable brand.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Prince Mathews |date=15 January 2014 |title=The Rise of ColorBar |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/the-rise-of-colorbar/36895/1 |accessdate=25 February 2014 |newspaper=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Borpuzari |first=Pranbihanga |title=Raising the Color Bar |url=http://entrepreneurindia.in/start-ups/raising-the-color-bar/4766/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301054438/http://entrepreneurindia.in/start-ups/raising-the-color-bar/4766/ |archivedate=1 March 2014 |accessdate=25 February 2014 |publisher=Entrepreneur |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2005, Modi founded ''24Seven'', India's first 24-hour retail store chain,<ref>{{cite web |title=Opportunity lies in being available 24/7 |url=http://www.entrepreneurindia.com/article/starting-a-business/business-opportunity/Opportunity-lies-in-being-available-24-7-285/ |accessdate=25 February 2014 |publisher=Entrepreneur India}}</ref> promoting it as a convenient destination for everyday and general needs.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 June 2005 |title=Modis unveil 24x7 store |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/modis-unveil-24x7-store-105060301015_1.html |accessdate=25 February 2014 |newspaper=Business Standard}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is the youngest of [[K.K. Modi]] and Bina Modi's children. Samir's elder sister, [[Charu Modi]] is the CEO and vice-president of Modi Academic International Institute, while brother [[Lalit Modi]] is a former cricket administrator, who founded the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) cricket tournament in 2008. In 1991, Samir married Shivani (née Gupta), whose father runs Delton Cables.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Kunal|title=The rise. The fall.|url=http://www.punemirror.in/article/2/2010042220100422232254552340ef5f6/The-rise-The-fall-.html|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Pune Mirror|date=22 April 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301014008/http://www.punemirror.in/article/2/2010042220100422232254552340ef5f6/The-rise-The-fall-.html|archivedate=1 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> They have two daughters, Jayati and Vedika. Their elder daughter Jayati had a small role was part in the 2013 film ''[[Gippi]]''.<ref name="TOI050913">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |title=It was her dream and she got it for herself, says Jayati Modi's mother |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/It-was-her-dream-and-she-got-it-for-herself-says-Jayati-Modis-mother/articleshow/19951029.cms |accessdate=June 13, 2020 |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> He was a state-level boxing champion and won a gold medal in a [[Delhi]] state boxing championship.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupte |first=Masoom |date=2018-11-22 |title=If I hadn't gone to Doon, I would've been a spoilt brat: Samir Modi, Colorbar founder |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/if-i-hadnt-gone-to-doon-i-wouldve-been-a-spoilt-brat-samir-modi-colorbar-founder/articleshow/66743937.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupte |first=Masoom |date=2019-02-04 |title=Samir Modi's life lessons from boxing: Take punches, give back as well |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/samir-modis-life-lessons-from-boxing-take-punches-give-back-as-well/articleshow/67826029.cms |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
In 1996, he set up the Modicare Foundation to prevent the escalation of HIV/AIDS, enhance awareness, and erase the myths and misconceptions surrounding the disease.<ref>{{cite web|title=Modicare Foundation|url=http://modicarefoundation.com/content.aspx?gbin=c337d27a-a1f0-4291-91e2-a8b2298aef19|publisher=Modicare Foundation|accessdate=25 February 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226123705/http://modicarefoundation.com/content.aspx?gbin=c337d27a-a1f0-4291-91e2-a8b2298aef19|archivedate=26 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2002, Modi published ''The Positive Side'', a book that promotes AIDS awareness and contains real-life experiences of patients and their battle with the disease.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pisharoty|first=Sangeeta|title=The positive side of negative life...|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/05/stories/2002090500260300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701115626/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/05/stories/2002090500260300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2003|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 September 2002}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}
{{Authority control}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite news |date=31 August 2024 |title=This is what the future of beauty will look like, according to Colorbar's Samir Modi |url=https://elle.in/article/future-of-beauty/ |access-date=27 September 2024 |work=[[Elle (India)]]}}
*{{Cite news |last=Gupte |first=Masoom |date=1 January 2019 |title=Samir Modi on the surname game, & why his father didn't want him to start Colorbar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/samir-modi-on-the-surname-game-why-his-father-didnt-want-him-to-start-colorbar/articleshow/67324776.cms |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}
*{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-anZAAAAMAAJ&q=Samir+Modi |title=The Great Digital Transformation: A Saga of Sustainable Development |publisher=Sunrise Publications |year=2004 |isbn=9788187365082 |pages=96 |via=[[University of Michigan]]}}

{{authority control}}
{{Modi Enterprises}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Modi, Samir}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:People from Modinagar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Modi family|Samir]]

2019 Karnataka State Film Awards

2026-01-26T17:46:08Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards ceremony}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 54
| award = Karnataka State Film Awards
| image =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of Kannada Cinema in 2019
| award_org =
| presenting_org = [[Siddaramaiah]] {{small|([[Chief Minister of Karnataka]])}}
| announced_date = {{Start date|2025|1|22|df=yes}}
| presented_date = 
| date = 
| site = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
|host =
| website =
| lifetime_achievement =
| best_picture = [[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]
| best_film = 
| best_film_jury_choice =
| best_feature =
| best_direction = [[P. Sheshadri]]
| best_direction_film = [[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]
| best_actor = [[Sudeepa]] ({{small|declined}})
| best_actor_film = [[Pailwaan (2019 film)|Pailwaan]]
| best_actress = [[Anupama Gowda]]
| best_actress_film = [[Thrayambakam]]
| most_awards = [[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]] (4)
|last = [[2018 Karnataka State Film Awards|53]]
|next =
[[2020 Karnataka State Film Awards|55]]
}}

The '''2019 Karnataka State Film Awards''', presented by [[Government of Karnataka]], felicitated the best of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Karnataka cinema]] released in the year 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/karnataka-state-film-awards-2019-list-out/articleshow/117465925.cms|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2019 List Out|website=TimesofIndia.com|accessdate=23 January 2025|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123035452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/karnataka-state-film-awards-2019-list-out/articleshow/117465925.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Karnataka State Film Awards|Awards]] are given away on 24 April every year which is the birthday of [[Dr. Rajkumar]]. But due to the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections in the last two years, the awards were not given on this date. The list of winners was announced on 22 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/karnataka-state-film-awards-2019-sudeep-wins-best-actor-award-p-sheshadris-mohandas-best-film-3368199|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2019: Sudeep wins best actor award, P Sheshadri's 'Mohandas' best film|website=Deccan Herald|accessdate=22 January 2025}}</ref>

Following the announcement of the awardees, actor [[Sudeepa]], who won under Best Actor category, declined the award based on his personal commitment not to accept awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kichcha-sudeep-turns-down-karnataka-state-film-award-trust-youll-respect-my-choice/articleshow/117506528.cms|title=Kichcha Sudeep turns down Karnataka State Film Award: "Trust you'll respect my choice"|website=TimesofIndia.com|date=24 January 2025}}</ref>

==Lifetime achievement award==

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awards
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|-
|'''[[Dr. Rajkumar Award]]''' || [[Umashree]] || Actress ||[[₹]]5,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|'''[[Puttanna Kanagal Award]]''' || N. R. Nanjunde Gowda || Director ||[[₹]]5,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|'''[[Dr. Vishnuvardhan Award]]''' || Richard Castellano || Producer, Director || [[₹]]5,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|}

== Film awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Producer
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|First Best Film]]'''
| ''[[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]''
|M/S Mitra Chitra
|[[P. Sheshadri]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]'''
|''[[Love Mocktail]]''
|[[Darling Krishna]] [[Milana Nagaraj]]
|[[Darling Krishna]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Third Best Film|Third Best Film]]'''
|''Arghyam''
|Y. Srinivas
|Y. Srinivas
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Best Film of Social Concern]]'''
|''Kanneri''
|Hebbar Madhavi Hebbar Chandrashekar
|Ninasam Manju
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Children Film|Best Children Film]]'''
|''Elli Aadoodu Navu Elli Aadoodu''
|Srinivas
|G. Arun Kumar
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Regional film|Best Regional Film]]'''
|''Triple Talaq'' ([[Beary language]])
|Gulvady Talkies
|Yakub Khader Gulvady
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Family Entertainer|Best Entertaining Film]]'''
|[[India vs England]]
|Y. N. Shankaregowda
|[[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director|Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director]]'''
|''Gopala Gandhi''
|Sri Revana Siddeshwara Movies
|Nagesh N
|-
|}

== Other awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Cash Prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]'''
|''[[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]''
|[[P. Sheshadri]]
|[[₹]] 1,00,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]'''
| ''[[Pailwaan (2019 film)|Pailwaan]]''
| [[Sudeepa]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''
| ''[[Thrayambakam]]''
| [[Anupama Gowda]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]'''
|''Chemistry of Kariappa''
|[[Tabla Nani]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]'''
|''Brahmi''
|Anusha Krishna
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Male)|Best Child Actor]]'''
|''Minchulu''
|Master Preetham
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Female)|Best Child Actress]]'''
|''Sugandhi''
|Vaishnavi Adiga
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]'''
| ''[[Yajamana (2019 film)|Yajamana]]''
|[[V. Harikrishna]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''
|''[[Love Mocktail]]'' ("Kanna Haniyondu")
|[[Raghu Dixit]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]'''
|''Raga Bhairavi'' 
|Jayadevi Jangamashetti
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]'''
|''[[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]''
|G. S. Bhaskar
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editing]]'''
|''Jhansi IPS''
|G. Basavaraj Urs
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]'''
|''Pencil Box''
|Razak Puthur
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]'''
|''[[Mohandas (2019 film)|Mohandas]]''
|Hosmane Murthy
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]]'''
|''Illu Iralare Allu Hogalaare''
|[[Jayanth Kaikini]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]'''
| ''[[Love Mocktail]]''
|[[Darling Krishna]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]]'''
|''Amruthamathi''
|[[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]]'''
|''Amruthamathi'' || [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
|rowspan="2"|[[₹]] 20,000 each
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Thamate Narasimhaiah'' ||Balaji Chithra
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Book on Kannada Cinema|Best Book on Kannada Cinema]]'''
| ||
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Short Film|Best Short Film]]'''
|
|
|[[₹]] 20,000
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Karnataka State Film Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karnataka State Film Awards|2019]]
[[Category:2019 Indian film awards]]

Central Training Institute Jabalpur

2025-12-29T23:16:32Z

MerryGrubb79668: updated details

{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}
[[File:Trgss1.jpg|thumb]]

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Central Training Institute
| logo = File:MPPKVVCL Logo.png
| established = {{Start date|2006}}
| type = *[[Engineering]] training institute
*[[Civil Service]] training institute
| principal = Dr. A. K. Tiwari
| director = Kavita Batla
| city = [[Jabalpur]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|23.10|79.59|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Nayagaon, [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| mascot =
| website = {{URL|http://ctijabalpur.com}}
| affiliations = MPPKVVCL
}}
'''Central Training Institute''' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]:केंद्रीय प्रशिक्षण संस्थान), popularly known as '''CTI Jabalpur''', is located in Nayagaon, [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is an apex [[engineering]] and [[civil service]] training institute of the Madhya Pradesh Poorv Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Ltd (MPPKVVCL), wholly owned by the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=R1>{{Cite web |url=http://ctijabalpur.com/aboutus |title=About Us - Central Training Institute |website=ctijabalpur.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828040205/http://ctijabalpur.com/aboutus |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> The institute provides technical and managerial training to assistant engineers, junior engineers, accounts officers, HR managers, office assistants, [[Lineman (technician)|line men]], and testing assistants.<ref>CTI in List of educational institutes at Jabalpur [[List of educational institutions in Jabalpur]]</ref>

The Institute was established in 2006 after the State Electricity Board split into two divisions, a [[electric power distribution|Power Distribution Engineering]] division and a Management training Center for employees of MPPKVVCL. The Institute is recognised by the Indian [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]], and is a partner training institute of the [[Power Finance Corporation]] and the [[Rural Electrification Corporation]]. The institute is an [[ISO 9001:2008]] certified training institute.<ref name=R1/>
[[File:Cvtraining.jpg|thumb|Central Training Institute building]]

==Training courses==
Several training courses are offered by the institute, including but not limited to the following:

===Technical training for engineers in the power sector===
Courses for technical training for engineers in the power sector include: Power Purchase and Power Trading; [[SCADA]] and Distribution Automation; Protection Systems in a substation; Energy Conservation and Energy Auditing; High Voltage Distribution System; Industry Best Practices and Benchmarking Power Sector Performance; Availability Based Tariff (ABT) and Open Access; Automation and Information Technology in the Power Sector; [[Enterprise Resource Planning]] (ERP) and its implementation in the Power Sector; [[Smart grid|SMART GRID]] technology and application; IT Security in DISCOM; GIS applications in Power distribution; and the SCADA Security system.<ref name="R1" />

===Training for working officers on Best practices in Power Distribution in Power Sector ===
Training for working officers on Best practices in Power Distribution in Power Sector courses include: Metering Technology and Automated Meter Reading (AMR) Application; Revenue Management and Loss Reduction; General Management in Power Distribution; Efficiency Improvement Measures in Distribution Systems; Operation and Maintenance of substations; Testing and commissioning of substation equipment; Earthing Practice in electrical installations; Line and Substation construction practices; Electricity theft- challenges, [[remedial measures]] and [[legal procedures]]; [[Contract Management]]; Revenue management and revenue accounting; [[Tariff policy]]; [[Accounting rate of return|ARR]]; filing and regulatory compliance; Best Practices in Distribution Operations and Management System; Demand side Management and Distribution Efficiency; Material Management and quality assurance; [[Project Management]]- Planning and Control; [[AutoCAD|AUTOCAD]] for civil and electrical Engineers; Power Distribution Planning; Distribution Network Management; Decentralised and Distributed Generation; [[Total Quality Management|TQM]] and [[ISO 9000]]; Energy Audit and AT&C Loss Reduction; IT Application in DISCOM; Financial Management in the Power Industry; Financing energy sector projects; Power Pricing and Purchase Agreements; Performance benchmarking and quality of supply and service; Rural Electrification system planning and design; Finance for the Non-financial Manager in the Power Sector; Energy Law and Policy; Regulatory issues in the power sector; Power Purchase and Techno-Economic issues; e-procurement and e-tendering; and Distribution Franchisee.<ref name="R1" />

===Management and soft skills training===
Management and soft skills training courses include: Teamwork and Leadership, Change Management, [[Labour Laws and Industrial Relations]], Customer Orientation and Consumer Relationship, Business Communication, Negotiation Skills, Interpersonal Skills and [[Emotional Intelligence]], Personality Development, [[Stress Management]], Time Management Skills, e-governance, Communication skills, Employee Motivation & Morale Development, Modern Office Management, Organisational Development, Strategic Management, Management Information System.<ref name="R1" />

==Supervisory development program==
The institute conducts a Supervisory Development Program with modules such as: Role of Supervisors – Supervisory Skills and Development; Team Building Skills; Skills and Qualities of a Supervisor; Occupational Health and Safety; Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection; Stress Management; [[Total Quality Management]] and [[ISO 9000]]; Effective Communication; Motivation; Group Dynamics and Conflict Management; Creative Problem Solving; Interpersonal Skills and Body Language; Time Management, Role of IT in Operation and Maintenance Management; and Personality Development for Supervisors.<ref name=R1/>

==Infrastructure==
On campus, the CTI has eight air-conditioned interactive classrooms with audio-visual training aids, two computer centers, a seminar hall, library, research and demonstration [[laboratory|labs]], [[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories|NABL]] accredited Power System Testing Laboratory, workshops, model room, 33/11 KV Training Substation, Library and Yoga Center, hostels, a mess hall, and a transportation facility.

==Hostels==
The institute has four hostels in the campus and the facilities can accommodate about 100 trainees.

==Board of governance==

1. Managing Director of MPPKVVCL Shri V Kiran Gopal IAS.

2. CGM (HR&A) of MPPKVVCL Shrimati Kavita Batla

3. Head IT Dr. Vivek Chandra.

4. DGM (HR) Sri Ashish Shikla

6. DGM (Training) and Course Director Dr. A. K. Tiwari.

==Head of the institute==
At present, Dr. A. K. Tiwari., DGM (Training) is the head of the Institute.

==Field training==
The Central Training Institute has dummy L.T. Lines, 11 kV Lines and a distribution transformer on campus and provides training in line erections, transformer installation and replacement, and line patrolling. The CTI also imparts field training at 33/11 kV substation, L.T. Meter Testing, Central Workshop and Major Transformer Repairing Unit of MPPKVVCL for trainees. Fields visits are arranged at the Bargi Hydel Power Station, 220 kV Substations, AMR Cell, Data Centers, [[SCADA|SCADA Center]] and MTRU.
[[File:Failed Transformer Windings.png|thumb|Failed Transformer Windings]]

==Main faculties==
Dr. A.K.vTiwari, Dr. Vivek Chandra, Col.S.K. Dharoliya, Geeta Jharoliya, Durga Jharia, Ghaneshwer Jharbade, Bhalchandra Tiwari, Prof. Abhishek Das, Prof. Shweta Gupata, Prof. Kirti Singh, Dr. Abhijat Sahu, Prof. Neha Kandhari, Vivek Ranjan Shrivastava, R.K. Thakur, P.K. Roy, S.K. Mishra are main Faculties and Trainners of the Institute.
A.K. Dixit, H.S. Maravi, Vishal Johar, L.B. Bharti are instructors and Laboratory Assistants of the Institute.

==Internship and vocational training ==
CTI provides internship and vocational training options in two, four, and six week course durations to students of engineering colleges and management institutes in: Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Information Technology, Finance, Accounts and Human Resource Management. The Institute conducts internship and vocational training programmes for the students of [[IITs]], [[IIMs]] and [[NITs]].<ref name=R1 />

==Awards and recognition==
The institute is recognized by The [[Central Electricity Authority (India)|Central Electricity Authority]], Ministry of Power, Govt. of India as a Grade-I Power Sector Training Institute. The Institute received several National and International Awards such as CEDIA Award 2011, Education Excellence Award 2012, World Wide Achievers Awards 2017, as Best Corporate Trainer.

== See also ==
* [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research]].
* [[National Power Training Institute]].
* [[National Personal Training Institute]].
* [[Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

4. Quality Policy [http://ctijabalpur.com/About-cti.html]

== External links ==
* CTI website [http://ctijabalpur.com CTI Jabalpur]
* REC training courses [http://rec-canddtraining.com/monthly_training_calendar?page=49]
* Learn SEO (Search Engine Optimization) course [https://digiwikk.com/seo-search-engine-optimization]

[[Category:Education in Jabalpur]]
[[Category:Training organisations in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Madhya Pradesh]]

Nawayath

2025-12-24T02:04:56Z

MerryGrubb79668: added pg!

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Indian community and a subgroup of Konkani Muslims}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}

The '''Nawayath''' ({{ipa|kok|nəʋajət̪|ipa}}, also spelled as '''Navayath''' and '''Nawayat''' and also called '''Nait''', '''Naiti''', '''Naithee''' and '''Naita''') are an Indian community and a subgroup of [[Konkani Muslims]]. They speak the [[Nawayathi language]] with [[Konkani language|Konkani]] as its base.

The term, as described by [[Qanoon-e-Islam]], [[Mark Wilks]] and [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], means "new comers" in Persian, referring to [[Arabs in India|Arab emigrants in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola |first=Aftab Husain |date=1 July 2002 |title=Navayaths of India-an Arabian lake in an Indian ocean |url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01072002/0107200296.htm |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=[[The Milli Gazette]]}}</ref>

Indian historian [[Omar Khalidi]] says they are one of three groups of Indian Muslims who have used the Nawayath name. These groups have common origins in [[Oman]], [[Yemen]], the [[Persian Gulf]] and the [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]] regions, where they were mariners and merchants. One group is based mainly in [[Bhatkal]], [[Manki, Honnavar|Manki]], [[Tonse]], [[Malpe]], [[Shiroor]], [[Gangolli]], [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagar]], [[Kumta]], [[Kandlur]] and [[Murdeshwar]] villages in [[Karnataka]], while another is found in [[Chennai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The third group are generally known today as [[Konkani Muslims]], after the region in which they live.<ref>{{cite book |title=Muslims in the Deccan: A Historical Survey |location=New Delhi |publisher=Global Media Publications |year=2006 |pages=17–18 |first=Omar |last=Khalidi}}</ref>

==History==
Nawayats are migrants predominantly from Yemen and Persia, who married into another trading community of India, the [[Jain]]s who had been converted to [[Islam]] more than 1,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/don-t-hold-a-few-bad-apples-against-us-says-bhatkal-113083100704_1.html |title=Don't hold a few bad apples against us, says Bhatkal |work=Business Standard|location=India |accessdate=2017-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/How-prosperous-Bhatkal-town-earned-terror-tag/articleshow/22154403.cms |title=How prosperous Bhatkal town earned terror tag |work=The Times of India |date=2013-08-30 |access-date=2017-12-27}}</ref> With this a new caste system emerged, as the Nawayats marry [[endogamy|within the community]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Indians-rarely-married-outside-after-caste-system-came-into-being/2013/08/19/article1741431.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819065713/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Indians-rarely-married-outside-after-caste-system-came-into-being/2013/08/19/article1741431.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 August 2013 |title=Indians rarely married outside after caste system came into being |work=The New Indian Express |date=2013-08-19 |accessdate=2017-12-27}}</ref>

[[Saadatullah Khan I]], a Nawayat Konkani Muslim, was the [[Carnatic Sultanate|Nawab of the Carnatic]] under the Mughal Empire.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SPUHAQAAIAAJ&q=Saadatullah+khan+konkan |page=12 |author= Muhammad Yusuf Kukan |title=Arabic and Persian in Carnatic, 1710-1960 |year=1974 |quote=Nawab Saadatullah Khan, son of Muhammad Ali, son of Ahmad, was born in Bijapur on Wednesday the 17th Jamadi I in the year 1061 A.H. = 1651 A.D. in a respectable family of Nawayits }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic and social groups of Goa and the Konkan}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Social groups of Goa]]
[[Category:Konkani Muslims]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]

Embassy of India, Kabul

2025-11-29T01:25:00Z

MerryGrubb79668: started the stub w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Diplomatic mission of the Republic of India to Afghanistan}}
{{Infobox Diplomatic Mission
| name = Embassy of India, Kabul
| image = Embassy of India, Kabul.jpg
| jurisdiction = {{flag|Afghanistan|2022}}
| address = Sharara, Kabul, Afghanistan
| coordinates = {{coord|34.5285926|69.1645514}}
| ambassador = Rudrendra Tandon
| website = {{official|https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/}}
}}

The '''Embassy of India in Kabul''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of the [[India|Republic of India]] to [[Afghanistan]]. The current Ambassador is Rudrendra Tandon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy : Ambassador's Profile|url=https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?6878?000|access-date=2021-07-12|website=eoi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Afghan deputy FM meets new Indian ambassador Rudrendra Tandon|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/afghan-deputy-fm-meets-new-indian-ambassador-rudrendra-tandon20201017154759/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref>

The Indian embassy and consulates in Afghanistan had been targeted by militants repeatedly.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/07/content_8506817.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021060925/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/07/content_8506817.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 21, 2012|title=Militants mounting pressure to destabilize Afghan gov't|last=Haleem|first=Abdul |author2=Lin Jing |date=7 July 2008|publisher=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghan blast targets Indian embassy |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/10/8/afghan-blast-targets-indian-embassy |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmad |first=Jalil |date=23 May 2014 |title=Militants attack Indian consulate in western Afghanistan |url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSBREA4M02Y20140523 |location=Herat, Afghanistan |access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=DNA Web Team |date=23 May 2014 |title=4 gunmen who attack Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan killed; Narendra Modi thanks Hamid Karzai for efforts in thwarting attack |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-4-gunmen-who-attack-indian-consulate-in-herat-afghanistan-killed-narendra-modi-thanks-hamid-karzai-for-efforts-in-thwarting-attack-1990657 |location=Herat, Afghanistan |access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Express News Service |date=31 May 2017 |title=Kabul blast: 80 killed, at least 350 injured after huge explosion in diplomatic area |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/kabul-blast-near-indian-embassy-all-staff-safe-doors-windows-damaged/ |location=Kabul, Afghanistan |access-date=1 June 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2017-05-31 |title=Post Kabul attack, India may beef up security at Afghan missions |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/post-kabul-attack-india-may-beef-up-security-at-afghan-missions-1496232479.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> After the Taliban came to power in 2021, the embassy was briefly closed and fully reopened in 2025.

==History==
Embassy was established in January 1950 as a result of ''Five-year Treaty of Friendship''. The treaty provided for establishment of diplomatic and consular posts in each other's territories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Treaty of Friendship|url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6584/Treaty+of+Friendship|website=Ministry of External Affairs, India|publisher=mea.gov.in|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209091933/http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl%2F6584%2FTreaty+of+Friendship|archive-date=9 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indi-Afghan Friendship Treaty Signed|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Bsc-AAAAIBAJ&pg=4872%2C477830|access-date=9 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=5 January 1950|page=6}}</ref>

The embassy as well as consulates were closed in August 2021 after [[2021 Taliban offensive]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-10|title=India shuts last consulate in Afghanistan and evacuates citizens|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/india-shuts-last-consulate-afghanistan-evacuates-citizens-2021-08-10/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Taliban ransacked Indian diplomatic missions in Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taliban "Ransacked" 2 Indian Missions, Took Away Cars: Government Sources|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/taliban-visited-closed-indian-consulates-in-kandahar-herat-on-wednesday-searched-for-papers-government-sources-2514629|access-date=2021-08-21|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In June 2022, India finally re-established its diplomatic presence in Afghanistan by sending a 'Technical Team' with humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan at its embassy.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 June 2022|url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/india-reopens-embassy-in-kabul-sends-technical-team-with-relief-material-for-afghanistan/1009400/?amp|website=ThePrint.in|title=India reopens embassy in Kabul, sends 'technical team' with relief material for Afghanistan }}</ref>

In October 2025, during the Afghan Foreign Minister [[Amir Khan Muttaqi]] visited India for the first time since the Taliban returned to power. India has announced upgrades its Kabul technical mission to embassy status.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammadi |first=Habib |date=2025-10-10 |title=India upgrades Kabul technical mission to embassy status |url=https://amu.tv/204516/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Amu TV |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Indian consulates in Afghanistan==
India had consulates in [[Herat]], [[Kandahar]], [[Jalalabad]] and [[Mazar-i-Sharif]], all of which are associated with the Indian Embassy in Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consulates of India in Afghanistan|url=https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?0208?cn0|access-date=2021-07-12|website=eoi.gov.in}}</ref>

==Terrorist attacks==
===2008 bombing===
{{main|2008 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul}}
The 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul was a suicide bomb [[terror attack]] on the [[India]]n embassy in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan on 7 July 2008 at 8:30 AM local time.<ref name="Militants mounting pressure to destabilise Afghan gov't">{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/07/content_8506817.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021060925/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/07/content_8506817.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 21, 2012|title=Militants mounting pressure to destabilize Afghan gov't|last=Haleem|first=Abdul |author2=Lin Jing |date=7 July 2008|publisher=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=7 July 2008}}</ref> The bombing killed 58 people<ref name="ref1" /> and wounded 141.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Wafa|first1=Abdul Waheed|last2=Cowell|first2=Alan|date=2008-07-08|title=Suicide Car Blast Kills 41 in Afghan Capital|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/world/asia/08afghanistan.html|access-date=2021-07-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[suicide attack|suicide car bombing]] took place near the gates of the embassy during morning hours when officials enter the embassy.<ref name="TYNT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/world/asia/08afghanistan.html?bl&ex=1215662400&en=ad01f9406367688f&ei=5087%0A|title=Suicide Car Blast Kills 41 in Afghan Capital|last=Wafa|first=Abdul Waheed|author2=Alan Cowell|work=The New York Times |access-date=3 August 2008 |date=8 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes news">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=4123c64e-80c4-4098-b113-0a92b90d19a2&ParentID=1fd4d4bc-4b86-4045-83d7-8e0895d184cb&&Headline=%2740+dead+in+Indian+embassy+attack%27 |title=hindustantimes news |date=7 July 2008 |agency=Agence France-Presse |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |access-date=7 July 2008}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Indian embassy in Afghanistan reopens for business">{{cite news|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200807/s2302548.htm?tab=asia|title=Indian embassy in Afghanistan reopens for business|date=14 July 2008|publisher=radioaustralia.net.au|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812080648/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200807/s2302548.htm?tab=asia |archive-date=12 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2009 bombing===
{{main|2009 bombing of Indian embassy in Kabul}}
The 2009 Kabul Indian embassy bombing was a [[Suicide attack#Suicide bombing|suicide bomb attack]] on the [[India]]n [[embassy]] in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]] on 8 October 2009 at 8:30 am local time. The bombing killed 17 people<ref name="ref1">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/10/2009108531259700.html |title = Afghan blast targets Indian embassy|date=8 October 2009|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=8 October 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091008100924/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/10/2009108531259700.html|archive-date= 8 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> and wounded 63.

=== Attacks on Consulate Generals ===
There have been carried out attacks on Indian consulates in [[Jalalabad]] ([[2013 bombing of Indian consulate in Jalalabad|in 2013]]) and [[Herat]] ([[2014 attack on Indian consulate in Herat|in 2014]]).

==See also==
* [[Afghanistan–India relations]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]
* [[Foreign relations of Afghanistan]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of India]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Afghanistan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official site|https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/}}

{{Diplomatic missions of India}}
{{Diplomatic missions in Afghanistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Embassy of India, Kabul}}
[[Category:Diplomatic missions of India|Kabul]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Kabul|India]]
[[Category:Afghanistan–India relations]]

Kapil Mohan (civil servant)

2025-11-25T06:25:05Z

MerryGrubb79668: done.

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=April 2020}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Kapil Mohan
|image = KapilMohanIAS.jpg
|caption = Mohan at KAT National Conference 2017
|known_for =
|alma_mater =
|education = [[B.Sc]] in [[Computer Science]] [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] [[Master of Public Policy|MPP]] Certificate in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy from [[Princeton University]], US
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|9|17|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
|occupation =
|website = [http://kapilmohan.in/ kapilmohan.in]
|employer = [[Government of India]]
|organization = [[Indian Administrative Service]]
|years_active = 1990–present
|awards =
}}
'''Kapil Mohan''' is a 1990 batch Indian civil servant. He has served in the [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]] for the Government of India during which he implemented the Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Program (RAPDRP) and the [[Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana]] (RGGVY).{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Currently he is the [[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] and Chairman of [[Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation|BESCOM]], Hubli Electricity Supply Company (HESCOM), [[Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation|CESCOM]] and Power Company of Karnataka Limited (PKCL). He also holds the concurrent charge as the principal secretary for Ports Infrastructure and Inland Water Transport.

He was previously serving as Principal Secretary to the [[Government of Karnataka|State Government of Karnataka]] and looking after Infrastructure Development Department. The department looks after major infrastructure projects in Airports and Railways sectors.. He was previously working as Principal Secretary Housing, Govt of Karnataka and Interim Authority of Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA), Karnataka.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://rera.karnataka.gov.in/aboutUs|title=Shri Kapil Mohan IAS, Interim Real Estate Regulatory Authority|work=Interim Real Estate Regulatory Authority}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://katconference2017.com/kapilmohanias/|title=Presentation of Sri. Kapil Mohan IAS|work=KAT National Conference 2017}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Kapil Mohan was born in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India. He attended the [[Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs]], [[Princeton University]], USA, as a McNamara Fellowship in the areas of public policy and science, technology, and environmental policy. Kapil Mohan is a management graduate with a background in science.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/about/perspective/qanda/kapil-mohan.aspx|title=Q&A with Kapil Mohan|work=Microsoft}}</ref>

==Career==
He is a 1990 batch IAS officer of the [[Karnataka]] Cadre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stg1.kar.nic.in/dparservices/getiaslist2.asp?code=55|title=Dept. of Personal & Administrative Reforms|work=Govt. of Karnataka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://civillist.ias.nic.in/YrCurr/LengListCL.asp?Slab=4&Cadre=00&AsOnDate=01/01/2015|title=IAS Officer's Civil List Information System|work=Indian Administrative Service}}</ref> He is also having the additional post as the Principal Secretary Housing Board, Govt of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://housing.kar.nic.in/contact.html|title=Principal Secretary of Government|work=Department of Housing, Karnataka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.karnatakahousing.com/board.aspx|title=Board Members|work=Karnataka Housing Board}}</ref> And he is also appointed as Interim Authority of Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rera.karnataka.gov.in/aboutUs|title=Interim Real Estate Regulatory Authority|work=RERA Karnataka}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rera-set-to-rein-in-real-estate-agents/articleshow/59625433.cms|title=Kapil Mohan spoke about Karnataka RERA Portal|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rera-implementation-fight-for-rera-namma-bengaluru-foundation-karnataka-975742-2017-05-07|title=Homebuyers met Karnataka Housing Secretary Kapil Mohan|work=India Today}}</ref>

Mohan held the charge of [[Youth Empowerment]] and sports department which oversees youth affairs and sports development in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kat.karnataka.gov.in/profile|title=Principal Secretary|work=KAT, Government of Karnataka|access-date=2018-01-10|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927141015/https://kat.karnataka.gov.in/profile|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://egov.eletsonline.com/2017/09/karnataka-stands-top-rank-in-rera-act/|title=Kapil Mohan Interview on Karnataka RERA Act|work=eGov Magazine}}</ref> He held the charge of Education department which looks after primary and secondary education in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.magicbricks.com/property-news/bangalore-real-estate-news/karnataka-rera-a-reality-will-it-address-home-buyers-woes/93454.html|title=Panel discussion on Karnataka RERA|work=MagicBricks}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76GeZlkgA-w|title=Kapil Mohan IAS in conversation with Doordarshan regarding RERA Karnataka|work=RERA Karnataka, DD Chandana|date=3 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/rera-only-69-projects-registered-in-hubballi-dharwad-and-belagavi-areas/article20462968.ece|title=RERA chairman Kapil Mohan speaking at a workshop in Hubballi|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

He worked as Managing Director of Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigam Limited, a Govt. of Karnataka Undertaking.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kbjnl.com/|title=Managing Director|work=KBJNL, Government of Karnataka}}</ref> KBJNL is responsible for the development, operation, and maintenance of irrigation and maintenance of irrigation systems in [[Upper Krishna Project]] area.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/scientific-water-management/article5524900.ece|title=Launching the world's largest drip irrigation project|work=The Hindu}}</ref> It is responsible for operation and maintenance of 6.07 lakh hectares of the command area.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/president-to-dedicate-upper-krishna-project-to-the-nation-today/article3093712.ece|title=President to dedicate Upper Krishna Project to the nation today|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-rs17000-crore-plan-for-utilisation-of-river-krishna-water-1620743|title=Plan for utilisation of River Krishna water|work=DNA India}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
2001: Won the prestigious [[St Andrews Prize for the Environment]] awarded internationally competitive basis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestandrewsprize.com/finalists/2001|title=The 2001 Andrews Prize for the Environment|work=The St Andrews Prize}}</ref>

2004: Became Fellow of Leadership in Environment and Development (LEAD), an international organization working in the area of promotion of leadership in fields of environment and development.

2005: Elected as Director of [[Lead India|LEAD]] in 2005<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.leadindia.org/search25.php?sector=Government|title=Lead Fellows|work=Lead India}}</ref>

2008: Received [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] – [[IFMR]] award in an international competition on original work in urban development.<ref name=":0" />

2009: Selected as [[Eisenhower Fellowships|Eisenhower Fellow]] from India on energy issue. The selection committee in India was headed by Mr. [[Kumarmangalam Birla]] and in USA by Gen. [[Colin Powell]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eisenhowerfellowships.org|title=Eisenhower Fellow|website=Eisenhower Fellow}}</ref>

2013: Selected as one of the 60 Fellows who have made the transformational impact in 60 years of Eisenhower fellowship existence in 2013.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Eisenhower fellowship existence in 2013|url=http://efworld.org/uploads/files/70290086997361839-kapilmohan.pdf.|journal=Eisenhower Fellowship Existence in 2013}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Kapil}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]

Kaliyar Sharif

2025-10-31T17:40:29Z

MerryGrubb79668: stub.

{{Short description|Shrine in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}

'''Piran Kaliyar Sharif''' or '''Kaliyar Sharif Dargah''' or '''Dargah Sabir Pak''' is the [[dargah]] (sufi mausoleum) of 13th-century [[Sufi]] of Chishti order, [[Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari]] ('''Sabir Pak'''). It is situated near [[Haridwar]] and [[Roorkee]] in Uttarakhand, India. It is one of the most revered shrines for Muslims in India and is equally revered by [[Hindu]]s and followers of other religions. The shrine was built by [[Ibrahim Lodhi]], an Afghan ruler of [[Delhi Sultanate]].
{{Infobox religious building
| religious_affiliation = Sufism
}}
Sabir Pak was a Nephew and successor of [[Baba Farid]] and the founder of the Sabiriya branch of the [[Chishti Order|Chishti order]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Dhir |first=Krishna S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4301-1 |language=en}}</ref>

==Allauddin Ali Ahmad Sabir Kaliyari==
{{Main article|Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari}}
Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari was born in 1196 AD in [[Herat]] to Jamila Khatun, the elder sister of Baba Fareed. After the death of his father Syed Abul Rahim, in 1204, his mother brought him to [[Pakpattan]] to Baba Fareed, who then made him his disciple and put him in charge of the [[Langar (Sufism)|''langar'']].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[http://haridwar.nic.in/piran.htm Piran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503070437/http://haridwar.nic.in/piran.htm|date=3 May 2008}} Haridwar Official website.</ref>

When Alauddin's mother visited him after a long time, she found him weak, prompting her to demand an explanation from Baba Fareed. Baba Fareed explained that he was made in charge of the kitchen and hence had no shortage of food.

Alauddin explained that although he was in charge of the kitchen, Baba Fareed didn't mention him to eat from it. He sustained himself by foraging in the jungle during his free time. Impressed by his perseverance, he was then given the title ''Sabir'' ({{Lit|Patient}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Biography of Hazrath Alauddin Ali Ahmed Sabir Kalayeri {{!}} PDF {{!}} Sufism {{!}} Religion And Belief |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/194978089/THE-BIOGRAPHY-OF-HAZRATH-ALAUDDIN-ALI-AHMED-SABIR-KALAYERI |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Siṅgha |first=Haribhajana |title=Lokapriya sūfī santa kavi Śaikha Farīda |publisher=Hind Pocket Books Pvt Limited |year=2006 |isbn=9788121602556 |pages=463 |language=English}}</ref>

In 1253 AD, after being appointed as the protector of Kaliyar by Baba Fareed, Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari reached Kaliyar and remained there for the rest of his life, dying on the 13th of Rabi al-awwal, 690 Hijri (1291).

== Gular Tree at Dargah ==
Kaliyar Sharif Dargah complex is home to a notable [[Ficus racemosa|Gular tree]], which holds significance for pilgrims visiting the shrine. Pilgrims often take the tree's fruits as [[Tabarruk]] believing them to receive blessings (Barakah). It is said that the revered saint used to meditate under the shade of the Gular tree.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-10-13 |title=Pilgrims never forget to take home 'mystical' Gular tree fruit from Piran Kaliyar Dargah |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/pilgrims-never-forget-to-take-home-gular-tree-fruit-from-piran-kaliyar-dargah/na20221013114225698698044 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Famous_Goolar_Tree_at_Dargah_Sabir_Pak,Kaliyar.jpg|thumb|Famous Gular tree at Dargah Sabir Pak,Kaliyar]]

== Location ==
[[File:Gooler_tree.jpg|thumb|An evening at the Dargah (2024).]]
Situated on the outskirts of [[Roorkee]] town, the shrine is a revered destination for both tourists and devotees, renowned for its [[Mysticism|mystical]] powers and attracting millions of devotees from various religious backgrounds, both within India and from abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Piran Kaliyar Sharif Dargah {{!}} Uttarakhand Tourism |url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/piran-kaliyar-sharif-dargah |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=uttarakhandtourism.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2003-03-13 |title=Haj committee HQ at Piran Kaliyar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/haj-committee-hq-at-piran-kaliyar/articleshow/40144201.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Piran Kaliyar Town==
Over the centuries, a small town developed around the shrine and came to be known as Piran Kaliyar. In later history, India's first [[steam engine]], [[Jenny Lind locomotive|Jenny Lind]], (specially shipped from England moved on rails in India) ran in Roorkee on 22 December 1851, between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar, two years before the first [[passenger train]] ran from [[Bombay]] to [[Thane]] in 1853. Operated by the [[Bengal Sappers]], the railway line was built to carry soil used for the construction of the Upper [[Ganges Canal]] aqueduct from Piran Kaliyar, 10 km (6.2 miles) from the city.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20021110142916/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/08/10/stories/2002081000040800.htm First train ran between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar]}}, ''[[The Hindu]]'', 10 August 2002.</ref>

== Legislative assembly ==
{{Main articles|Piran Kaliyar Assembly constituency}}
Piran Kaliyar is also an [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituency, part of the [[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Haridwar]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=30 Piran kaliyar Candidate {{!}} District Haridwar, Government of Uttarakhand {{!}} India |url=https://haridwar.nic.in/30-piran-kaliyar-candidate/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* [http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/indiajterm/kaliyar.html Piran Kaliyar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628144849/http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/indiajterm/kaliyar.html |date=28 June 2012 }} carthage.edu.
* [http://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/piran-kaliyar-sharif-dargah Piran Kaliyar Sharif Dargah]
* [https://haridwar.nic.in/tourist-place/piran-kalier/ Piran Kaliyar]

{{coord missing|Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Dargahs in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Sufi shrines in India]]
[[Category:Chishti Order buildings and structures]]

Choral River

2025-08-25T17:50:02Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Choral River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
| image =
| image_size =
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length_km = 55
| width_min =
| width_avg =
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| source1 = [[Vindhyachal Range]]
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Narmada River]]
| mouth_location = [[Barwaha]], [[Khargone district]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22.2335|76.0684|format=dms|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system = [[Narmada River]]
| basin_size_km2 = 601
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
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}}
The '''Choral River''' is a tributary of the [[Narmada River]] of [[Central India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/choral-dam/|title=Choral Dam Mhow|accessdate=28 November 2021|work=District Indore|publisher=[[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]}}</ref>

==Course==
Choral river rises in the [[Vindhyachal Range]] of [[Indore District]] and after flowing in a northeast direction through the mountains, it turns south after exiting the Vindhyas near [[Patalpani waterfall]] and joins [[Narmada River]] in [[Barwaha]] [[city]]. The Choral river has a length of 55 km.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.cwc.gov.in/file/17840/download?token=Od6sIFCk | title = Water Year Book 2018-19 |publisher =Central Water Commission |access-date = 2021-11-28 }}</ref>

==Dam==
Choral Dam, constructed in the upper reaches of the river, is a popular picnic destination around [[Indore|Indore City]].

==Surroundings==
[[Patalpani waterfall]] is popular picnic spot on the course of Choral River.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Hydrography of Gujarat}}

[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Narmada River]]

{{India-river-stub}}

Ude Dil Befikre

2025-08-24T15:47:36Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{short description|Bollywood song from feature film Befikre}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ude Dil Befikre
| cover = Ude Dil Befikre.jpg
| alt = cover art of "Ude Dil Befikre"
| type = single
| artist = [[Vishal–Shekhar]], [[Benny Dayal]]
| album = [[Befikre#Soundtrack|Befikre (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)]]
| language = {{hlist|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]|[[French language|French]]}}
| released = 3 November 2016
| genre = Bollywood
| length = 3:51
| label = [[Yash Raj Films]]
| composer = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| lyricist = [[Jaideep Sahni]]
}}
"'''Ude Dil Befikre'''" ({{translation|Heart flies carefree}}) is a song from the soundtrack of the 2016 Hindi film ''[[Befikre]]''. The song is composed by [[Vishal–Shekhar]], written by [[Jaideep Sahni]] and sung by [[Benny Dayal]]. The music video features [[Ranveer Singh]], and [[Vaani Kapoor]], and it was released by [[Yash Raj Films]].

The composer duo Vishal–Shekhar composed the song on a stairwell. Ranveer Singh asked background actors to slap him in the face to help him achieve the desired expressions on the music video; he was slapped 21 times. The song was released on 3 November 2016.

== Background ==
The song is written by [[Jaideep Sahni]], extra French vocals by Sophie Choudry,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071116/watch-ranveer-vaani-are-bold-and-extremely-cold-during-the-making-ude-dil-befikre.html|title=Watch: Ranveer-Vaani are bold and extremely cold during the making Ude Dil Befikre|date=7 November 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> and choreographed by [[Vaibhavi Merchant]].<ref name=":0" /> Composers Vishal–Shekhar said that the entire song was composed on a stairwell.<ref name=":1" /> The duo said that it was hard to find the right singer for the song, explaining: "When someone suggested Benny Dayal's name for the song and we were like he's a south Indian, we want someone who can get Arabic nuances", then they found out that Dayal spent his childhood in Oman and knew [[Arabic music]].<ref name=":1" /> Later, they described him as "He came in and nailed it".<ref name=":1" />

== Music video ==
[[File:Ranveer Singh at Sahara Star New Year's bash press meet1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ranveer Singh]] (pictured in 2011) asked the [[background actor]]s to slap him 21 time to ensure he got the right expressions for the music video.|285x285px]]
The music video is set in [[Paris]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ude-dil-befikre-is-everything-weve-seen-of-befikre-so-far-careless-free-spirited-wild-3086810.html|title='Ude Dil Befikre' is everything we've seen of Befikre so far: Careless, free-spirited, wild|date=3 November 2016|website=Firstpost|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324214406/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ude-dil-befikre-is-everything-weve-seen-of-befikre-so-far-careless-free-spirited-wild-3086810.html|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ranveer Singh described the weather during the filming as: "so cold that Adi [<nowiki/>[[Aditya Chopra]]] has to come to us saying you are not feeling cold".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/befikre-watch-the-making-of-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoors-daring-title-song-1309443.html|title=Befikre: Watch the Making of Ranveer Singh, Vaani Kapoor's 'Daring' Title Song|date=8 November 2016|website=News18|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324215101/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/befikre-watch-the-making-of-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoors-daring-title-song-1309443.html|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The song features UNESCO heritage sites from France, as a member of the film crew told [[Bollywood Hungama]]:<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/cool-new-dares-rare-parisian-spots-make-ude-dil-befikre-treat-watch/|title=Cool new dares and rare Parisian spots make 'Ude Dil Befikre' a treat to watch : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama|date=3 November 2016|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325055532/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/cool-new-dares-rare-parisian-spots-make-ude-dil-befikre-treat-watch/|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>

{{Cquote
| quote = In the song when Vaani strips atop a table, you see the National Public Library, a historic spot from Paris that has never been seen onscreen before. Ranveer and Vaani shake a leg on the terrace of the Opera Garnier, the city's famous historic house. A location that has been seen onscreen for the first time, only a four-member crew along with the actors was allowed to film at this tricky high spot.
}}

Choreographer [[Vaibhavi Merchant]] said that film director Aditya Chopra wanted to "scale up the level of craziness".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/befikre-why-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoor-stripped-in-ude-dil-befikre-watch-video-4364016/|title=Why Ranveer Singh, Vaani Kapoor stripped in Befikre's Ude Dil Befikre, watch video|date=8 November 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324214410/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/befikre-why-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoor-stripped-in-ude-dil-befikre-watch-video-4364016/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The director titled the song as a 'dare song' and revealed that in the video the on-screen characters would assign each other for a few dares, but Merchant explained that "that was not it for even the choreographers had a tough task at hand to complete the song in scheduled time".<ref name=":0" /> When filming the music video, actor Ranveer Singh asked the [[background actor]]s to slap him hard across his face to ensure that he got the right expressions for the music video, and was slapped 21 times.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Watch-Ranveer-and-Vaani-live-life-on-the-edge-in-Ude-Dil-Befikre/articleshow/55223077.cms|title=Watch: Ranveer and Vaani live life on the edge in 'Ude Dil Befikre'|website=The Times of India|date=29 January 2017 |access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325044153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Watch-Ranveer-and-Vaani-live-life-on-the-edge-in-Ude-Dil-Befikre/articleshow/55223077.cms|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the music video, [[Vaani Kapoor]] and [[Ranveer Singh]]'s characters dare each other to do various things such as "stripteases, ballet on the streets and stealing a football from the stadium during an ongoing match".<ref name=":2" />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:centre"
|+
Chart performance
! scope="col" |Chart (2016)
! scope="col" |Peak
position
|-
|Asian Music Charts ([[Official Charts Company]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-download-chart/20161209/asian/|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|website=www.officialcharts.com|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324214617/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-download-chart/20161209/asian/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|11
|-
|''[[The Times of India]]'' [[Radio Mirchi|Mirchi]] Top 20 Chart<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/musicchart/6692253.cms?chartid=1&periodtype=4&date=2016-12-02|title=Music Chart – The Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324221432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/musicchart/6692253.cms?chartid=1&periodtype=4&date=2016-12-02|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|6
|}

== Release ==
The song was released on 3 November 2016.<ref name=":3" /> It received 9 million views on YouTube in its two weeks of release.<ref name=":1" />

Devansh Sharma of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote, "Vishal-Shekhar's energetic and high-octane music serves as an appropriate background score and Benny Dayal's vocals adds the punch".<ref name=":2" /> Rachit Gupta writing for ''Filmfare'' said that the visuals of "Ude Dil Befikre" "are gold standard".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-befikre-17326.html|title=Movie Review: Befikre|website=filmfare.com|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325053613/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-befikre-17326.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Urvi Parikh of ''Pink Villa'' said that the song is "spot on".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/video/367440/mashup-govinda-raveena-ranveer-vaanis-ude-dil-befikre-spot|title=This mashup of Govinda-Raveena on Ranveer-Vaani's Ude Dil Befikre is spot on!|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325053620/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/video/367440/mashup-govinda-raveena-ranveer-vaanis-ude-dil-befikre-spot|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ''India'' wrote: "[the song] tries too hard to be unabashed love. But simply put the song both lyrically and visually is repetitive".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 November 2016 |title=Befikre song Ude Dil Befikre: From stripping to stealing chaddi– Ranveer Singh and Vaani Kapoor unleash pure MADNESS! |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/befikre-song-ude-dil-befikre-from-stripping-to-stealing-chaddi-ranveer-singh-and-vaani-kapoor-unleash-puremadness-1627512/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325054100/https://www.india.com/entertainment/befikre-song-ude-dil-befikre-from-stripping-to-stealing-chaddi-ranveer-singh-and-vaani-kapoor-unleash-puremadness-1627512/ |archive-date=25 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News}}</ref> [[News18]] wrote that: "[the song] will force you to dance carefree wherever you are".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/befikre-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoors-carefree-romance-light-up-the-title-track-1307816.html|title=Befikre: Ranveer Singh, Vaani Kapoor's Carefree Romance Light Up the Title Track|date=3 November 2016|website=News18|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325054726/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/befikre-ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoors-carefree-romance-light-up-the-title-track-1307816.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bollywood Hungama]] called the song "a visual treat".<ref name=":3" />

''[[The Himalayan Times]]'' wrote: "Songs Nashe Si Chadh Gayi and Ude Dil Befirke make the audience groove and sing with them".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/cliched-romantic-story-in-ranveer-and-vaani-befikre/|title=Clichéd romantic story in Ranveer and Vaani's Befikre|date=10 December 2016|website=The Himalayan Times|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> Suparna Thombare of Cinestaan wrote: "Ude Dil Befikre is a joyride and an easy-on-the-ears party number".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2016/nov/3/2786|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325145248/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2016/nov/3/2786|url-status=live|archive-date=25 March 2020|title=Ranveer, Vaani indulge in outrageous dares in catchy 'Ude Dil Befikre' song|last=Thombare|first=Suparna|website=Cinestaan|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' wrote: "The high octane number, composed by Vishal-Shekhar and sung by Benny Dayal, is catchy and does not go the old-school way of mush and romance".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranveer-singh-vaani-kapoor-ude-dil-befikre-new-song-watch-349989-2016-11-03|title=WATCH Ude Dil Befikre: Ranveer Singh and Vaani Kapoor's hot bods steal the show|website=India Today|access-date=25 March 2020|last3=Ist|first3=2016 12:15|date=3 November 2016 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+
Release history
!Country
!Date
!Format(s)
!Label
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope="row" |Various
|1 December 2016
|Digital download
|[[Yash Raj Films]]
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Befikre (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Vishal-Shekhar|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/befikre-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1181809037|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{YouTube|id=gXe-KWe-YMs|title=Ude Dil Befikre}}

{{Vishal–Shekhar}}

[[Category:2016 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Music videos shot in France]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Jaideep Sahni]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Vishal–Shekhar]]

Malwai Giddha

2025-08-11T10:58:44Z

MerryGrubb79668: clean up

{{Short description|Punjabi folk dance}}
{{Punjabis}}'''Malwai Giddha''' ({{langx|pa|ਮਲਵਈ ਗਿੱਧਾ}}) is the [[folk dance]] of males of [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa region]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref name=Walia>{{cite book |last=Walia |first=Aarohi|date=2008|title=Folk Dances of Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tM7vvmV1SWcC|publisher=Unistar Books |pages=64–65 |isbn=9788171426027}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=Anjali Gera|date=April 2020 |title=Gendering Dance |journal=Religions |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=202 |doi=10.3390/rel11040202 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=David |first1=Ann R.|date=10 December 2015 |title=Embodied cultural memories of the Punjab: Giddha dance and song in migrant London space |url=https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/traditiones/article/view/4900 |journal=Traditiones |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=149–171 |doi=10.3986/Traditio2014440208 |access-date=29 March 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Nahar |last2=Gill |first2=R.S. |date=2004|title=Folk Practices in Punjab |url=https://punjab.global.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/sitefiles/journals/volume11/no2/6_singh_gill.pdf |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=171–196 |doi= |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mooney |first1=Nicola|date=September 19, 2008 |title=Aaja Nach Lai [Come Dance]: Performing and Practicing Identity among Punjabis in Canada |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/ethno/2008-v30-n1-ethno2406/018837ar/abstract/ |journal=Ethnologies |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.7202/018837ar|access-date=29 March 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This dance was originally performed by Babey (old men) and hence is also called ''Babeyan da Gidhha'' but the dance is now performed by younger men too. This includes teasing of other people in [[Boliyan|Boliaan]] (folk poetry). The dance originated in the Malwa area of the [[Punjab region]] and is associated with the districts of [[Muktsar]], Bathinda, Faridkot, Sangrur, Ferozpur, Mansa and Patiala.<ref name=Walia/>

==Instruments==
The instruments used in Malwai Giddha are not merely for show. A performer has to play it in rhythm. The performer has to know not only the how to play the particular instrument but also the way to carry it.

The most commonly used instruments are:
* [[Tumbi]]
* [[Chimta]]
* [[Kato (instrument)|Kato]]
* [[Khartal|Kartara]]

==See also==
* [[Sapp (instrument)]]
* [[Bhangra (dance)]]
* [[Jhumar]]
* [[Punjabi dance|Dances of Punjab]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|id=KzEb8TJXqdQ|title=Malwai Gidha by Khalsa college Ludhiana 2011}}
* [http://www.surreyindiaartsclub.com/Punjabi%20Folk%20Dances%20-%20Analysis%20&%20Classification.pdf Download a pdf file about Punjabi Folk dances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233316/http://www.surreyindiaartsclub.com/Punjabi%20Folk%20Dances%20-%20Analysis%20%26%20Classification.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}
{{Dance in India}}
[[Category:Folk dances of Punjab]]

Purnima Pandey

2025-08-03T01:17:10Z

MerryGrubb79668: new initial entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Purnima Pandey
| full_name = Purnima Pandey
| nationality = [[India]]n
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1997|10|16}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<ref>{{cite news |title=Commonwealth Games 2022 squad: Full list of athletes in Indian weightlifting team |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/know-your-athlete/india-team-weightlifting-commonwealth-games-2022-full-list-of-players-cwg/article65653787.ece |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Sportstar |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| height = 169 cm
| weight = 98 kg
| sport = [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]]
| event = women's +87 kg
| medaltemplates = {{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2021 Tashkent]]|+87 kg}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Junior Weightlifting Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Commonwealth Junior Weightlifting Championships|2016 Penang]]|+75 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2017 Commonwealth Junior Weightlifting Championships|2017 Gold Coast]]|+90 kg}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Youth Weightlifting Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2016 Asian Youth Weightlifting Championships|2016 Tokyo]]|+69 kg}}
}}

'''Purnima Pandey''' (born 16 October 1997) is an Indian [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifter]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weightlifter profile |url=https://iwf.sport/weightlifting_/athletes-bios/?athlete=pandey-purnima-1997-10-16&id=13576 |archive-date= |access-date=4 August 2022 |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]]}}</ref> Purnima Pandey created eight national records on the way to a gold in the women's +87 kg category at the [[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]] at [[Tashkent]].<ref>{{Cite news | agency=PTI |title=Purnima Pandey wins gold at Commonwealth Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/purnima-pandey-wins-gold-at-commonwealth-championship/articleshow/88325783.cms |access-date=2022-09-27 |newspaper=The Times of India | date=16 December 2021 | language=en}}</ref> In July 2022 she placed sixth in the women's +87 kg weightlifting event at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2022/indiabirmingham/cwg-2022-weightlifter-purnima-pandey-finishes-sixth-in-87kg-event/articleshow/93329822.cms|title=CWG 2022: Weightlifter Purnima Pandey finishes sixth in +87kg event | Commonwealth Games 2022 News|date=3 August 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Purnima}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
{{India-weightlifting-bio-stub}}

Bib (tribe)

2025-07-23T23:44:20Z

MerryGrubb79668: updated

{{One source|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2018}}
The '''Bib''' are a [[Hindkowan]] tribe found in the [[Abbottabad| Abbottabad District]] of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province of [[Pakistan]]. They occupy two villages between the Rash plains and [[Thandiani]] range.

The Bib claim to be a branch of the [[Awan (Pakistan)|Awan]] tribe, a claim generally not accepted by the Awans. They, like the Awans, claim descent from [[Ali]], the fourth [[Caliph]] of [[Islam]]. Their customs are similar to neighbouring Hindkowan communities, and they are entirely [[Sunni]].<ref>Gazetteer of the Hazara district, 1907 / compiled and edited by H. D. Watson ... with many illustrations and four maps page 20</ref>
== See also ==

* [[Awan (Pakistan)|Awan]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Social groups of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Hindkowan tribes]]

Bihar Lok Adalat

2025-07-02T20:09:54Z

MerryGrubb79668: created new data first draft

{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
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'''Bihar Lok Adalat''' or Bihar State Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism used in the state of [[Bihar]]. The Bihar Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of “ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL”. It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably.<ref name="la ref5">{{cite news |title=e-Lok Adalats settle 2,232 cases in Odisha |url=https://www.orissapost.com/e-lok-adalats-settle-2232-cases-in-odisha/ |access-date=26 December 2021 |publisher=Odisha News, Odisha Latest news, Odisha Daily - OrissaPOST |date=23 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="la Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]] and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties.<ref name="la Ref1" /> Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction, litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award).<ref name="la Ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Lok Adalat|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/lok-adalat|access-date=2021-07-16|website=nalsa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-12-30|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and Administration ==

Bihar Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations.<ref name="la ref2">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Dr Ashok |title=Alternative Dispute Resolution System in India |date=9 September 2021 |publisher=K.K. Publications |isbn=978-93-82657-09-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyFCEAAAQBAJ&dq=punjab+lok+adalat&pg=PA189 |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="la ref7">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Sarfaraz Ahmed |title=Lok adalat : an effective alternative dispute resolution mechanism |date=2006 |publisher=A.P.H. Pub. House |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7648-868-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChRWJjouEesC&dq=bihar+lok+adalat&pg=PA67 |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref> The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economical, social, and cultural rights.

Bihar Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="la ref3">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.

*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:

* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.

Hon'ble Chief Justice Sanjay Karol, Bihar High Court, is current Patron-in-Chief of Bihar State Legal Services Authority.

== Lok Adalat Committee and Complaint Procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved<ref name="la ref6">{{cite news |title=2G court correct in not referring LTL matter to Lok Adalat: Supreme Court {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/2g-court-correct-in-not-referring-ltl-matter-to-lok-adalat-supreme-court-1653421/ |access-date=28 December 2021 |publisher=india.com |date=18 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref> and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]] and partition suits. The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.<ref name="bla ref3">{{cite news |last1=An |first1=Anisha |title=Next national lok adalat in Bihar on December 6 {{!}} Patna News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/next-national-lok-adalat-in-state-on-december-6/articleshow/44892030.cms |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=21 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.<ref name="bla ref4">{{cite news |title=कचहरी से बाहर मुकदमों के निपटारे को 11 सितम्बर को लगेगी लोक अदालत |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/patna/story-lok-adalat-will-be-held-on-september-11-for-disposal-of-cases-outside-the-court-4293578.html |access-date=30 December 2021 |publisher=Hindustan |date=5 August 2021 |language=hindi}}</ref>
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.<ref name="bla ref2">{{cite news |title=Bihar State Legal Services Authority organises National Lok Adalat at all levels |url=https://www.latestlaws.com/legal-services-news/bihar-state-legal-services-authority-organises-national-lok-adalat-at-all-levels-176565/ |access-date=30 December 2021 |publisher=Latest Laws |date=13 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.
The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

Bihar Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.

== Details of cases Resolved ==

* Bihar Lok Adalat organised State wide Lok Adalat in April'21 disposing of 95000 pre-Litigation cases.<ref name="bla ref3" />
* Bihar Lok Adalat organised online Lok Adalat on December'20 in association with SAMA.<ref name="bla ref5">{{cite news |title=Online Lok Adalat: SAMA and Bihar Legal Services Authority call for student, advocate volunteers |url=https://www.barandbench.com/apprentice-lawyer/e-lok-adalat-by-sama-blsa-call-for-case-managers |access-date=30 December 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=18 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://patnahighcourt.gov.in/bslsa/LokAdalat.aspx Official website]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]

Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce

2025-06-30T02:18:20Z

MerryGrubb79668: added a info!

{{short description|College affiliated with the University of Mumbai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date = June 2015}}
{{Infobox university
|image =
|caption =
|name = Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce
|type = Public
|established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1968}}
|academic_affiliation = [[University of Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]]
|founder = [[Rafiq Zakaria]]
|principal = Dr Sirajuddin H Chougle
|city = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
|country = India
|coordinates = {{Coord|18.9679| 72.8267|type:edu_source:Googlemaps|display=inline,title}}
|website = {{official URL}}
|image_size = 150px
}}
'''Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce''' (informally Maharashtra College) is a college affiliated with the [[University of Mumbai]] offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in arts, science and commerce.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.careerindia.com/colleges/maharashtra-college-arts-science-commerce-mumbai-maharashtra-cp5394/ |title=Maharashtra College Arts, Science & Commerce |website=careerindia.com |access-date=2023-10-18 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/college-that-put-poor-muslim-girls-in-science-labs-turns-50/articleshow/59827774.cms |title=College that put poor Muslim girls in science labs turns 50 |first=Mohammed |last=Wajihuddin |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |website=indiatimes.com |date=2017-07-30 |access-date=2019-04-11 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It is located near [[Nagpada]], [[Mumbai]].

The college offers junior college<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maharashtracollege.org/courses-junior.html |title=Junior College Courses |publisher=Maharashta College of Arts, Science and Commerce |website=maharashtracollege.org |access-date=2023-10-18 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and degree college courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maharashtracollege.org/courses-degree.html |title=Degree College Courses |publisher=Maharashta College of Arts, Science and Commerce |website=maharashtracollege.org |access-date=2023-10-18 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==History==
The college was founded in 1968. It is managed by the Khairul Islam Higher Education Society, which was founded by educationist [[Rafiq Zakaria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maharashtracollege.org/about-college.html |title=About College |publisher=Maharashta College of Arts, Science and Commerce |website=maharashtracollege.org |access-date=2023-10-18 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The college was the first educational institutes in [[South Mumbai]] and one of the first institutes in the state of [[Maharashtra]] to power its electricity requirements completely from [[solar energy]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/nagpada-gets-south-mumbai-s-first-solar-powered-college/story-LuyXJicGzxxnLHMw5reP2O.html |title=Nagpada gets South Mumbai's first solar-powered college |first=Badri |last=Chatterjee |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2019-03-28 |website=hindustantimes.com |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-college-installs-50kw-solar-plant-4912868/ |title=Maharashtra College installs 50KW solar plant |date=2017-10-30 |website=indianexpress.com |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref>

==External links==
*{{official website}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}
[[Category:Affiliates of the University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Education in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in India]]

{{Maharashtra-university-stub}}

Patna Police

2025-06-14T20:49:45Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
|agencyname = Patna Police
|nativename = पटना पुलिस
|image_size =250
|nativenamea =
|nativenamer =
|commonname =
|abbreviation =
|fictional =
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|logocaption =Logo of Patna Police
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|formedyear =
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|employees = 10,760<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Where-is-Priya-10k-strong-Patna-Police-has-no-answer/articleshow/46603608.cms | title=Where is Priya? 10k-strong Patna Police has no answer | work=The Times of India | date=18 March 2015 | access-date=19 March 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326030022/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Where-is-Priya-10k-strong-Patna-Police-has-no-answer/articleshow/46603608.cms | archive-date=26 March 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> (Uniformed)
|volunteers =
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|country = India
|countryabbr =
|divtype = State
|divname = Bihar
|subdivtype = District
|subdivname = Patna
|map = Bihar district location map Patna.svg
|mapcaption = Areas of Patna Police's jurisdiction in Bihar
|national =
|federal =
|international = 
|dmap =
|sizearea = {{convert|3202|km2|sqmi}}
|sizepopulation = 5,838,465 (2011)
|legaljuris = [[Patna district]]
|governingbody = Home Department (Bihar)
|governingbodyscnd =
|constitution1 = 
|police = Yes
|local = Yes
|military =
|paramilitary =
|provost =
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|religious =
|speciality1 = 
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|oversighttype =
|oversightbody = General Administration Deptt., Govt. of Bihar
|headquarters = [[Sardar Patel bhawan,Nehru path ]], Patna- 800023
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|electeetype = Elected officer
|minister1name =
|minister1pfo = 
|chief1name = shree kartikeya kumar sharma IPS (2014 batch)
|chief1position = [[Superintendent (police)|Senior Superintendent of Police]]
|parentagency = [[Bihar Police]]
|child1agency = 
|unittype =
|unitname = {{collapsible list |Aviation |Emergency Service
|Organized Crime Control Bureau |Special Victims
|Major Case Squad |Taxi Squad |Movie and Television |School Safety
|Real Time Crime |Auxiliary Police |Crime Scene |Evidence Collection
|Transit Bureau |Housing Bureau |Highway Patrol |Transportation Bureau}}
|officetype =
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|stationtype = stations
|stations = 75<ref>[http://www.indiamapped.com/police-stations-in-india/bihar/patna/ Welcome To The Patna Police of Bihar State] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204144729/http://www.indiamapped.com/police-stations-in-india/bihar/patna/ |date=4 February 2016 }}</ref>
|airbases = 
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|website = http://patnapolice.bih.nic.in
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}}

'''''Patna Police''''' ([[Hindi]]: पटना पुलिस) is the police service responsible for law enforcement within [[Patna district]], including the capital city of [[Patna]] in an Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130328121332/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-11/patna/31144880_1_green-building-new-police-bpbcc New police headquarters building soon] ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 11 March 2012</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Stage-set-for-anti-Red-operations/articleshow/20403264.cms Stage set for anti-Red operations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720122027/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Stage-set-for-anti-Red-operations/articleshow/20403264.cms |date=20 July 2014 }} ''The Times of India, Patna''. Retrieved 3 June 2013</ref> Patna Police is the largest police service in the state. Its headquarters are at [[Gandhi Maidan Marg]] in [[Patna]]. The present SSP of Patna Police is shri kartikey kumar sharma IPS(2014) batch

==History==
Patna is one of the [[oldest continuously inhabited places in the world]], and policing in [[Patna]] is more than 3000 years old.

==Today==

Patna police is broadly divided into four regions namely Central, East, West and Rural, each headed by a [[Superintendent of Police]]. For administrative purposes, each region is subdivided into Neighbourhood Policing Teams, each led by an Inspector. The Neighbourhood Policing Team's are responsible for the bulk of the community work undertaken in an area, and look to deal with long term local issues including [[anti-social behaviour]].

The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Patna Police.

Services provided by the Patna Police include:
* Preventing, detecting and investigating crime;
* Monitoring and promoting road safety;
* Maintaining social order;
* Performing and coordinating search and rescue operations; and
* Emergency management
* Stopping illegal constructions and frauds
* They have also started special investigation against liquors and old currency notes of 500 and 1000 INR after the ban.

Further policing duties performed are traffic control, intelligence analysis and anti-terrorism investigation. The overall mission of the Patna Police is to protect life and property and to detect and prevent crime.

==Hierarchy==
The rank structure of Patna Police officers is as follows (in descending order of seniority):

'''Zonal level'''
* Inspector General of Police (IG) - Patna Zone
'''Range level'''
* Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) - Central Range (Patna + Nalanda)
'''District level'''
* [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]] (SSP)
* (five) Superintendent of Police (SP)
** SP City Central
** SP City East
** SP City West
** SP Rural
** SP Traffic<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2015/Feb/newsbihar03Feb9.html | title=Lande transferred again, this time to Rohtas | publisher=bihartimes.in | date=3 February 2015 | access-date=14 February 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214142105/http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2015/Feb/newsbihar03Feb9.html | archive-date=14 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* Additional Superintendent of Police (ASP)
* Assistant Superintendent of Police
'''Circle level'''
* (Fifteen) [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (DSP)
'''Station level'''
* Inspector/ [[Station House Officer]] (SHO)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Three-Patna-police-inspectors-shifted-for-laxity-in-work/articleshow/46239831.cms | title=Three Patna police inspectors shifted for laxity in work | work=The Times of India | date=14 February 2015 | access-date=14 February 2015 | author=Sayantanee Choudhury, TNN | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214155705/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Three-Patna-police-inspectors-shifted-for-laxity-in-work/articleshow/46239831.cms | archive-date=14 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*Sub-Inspector of Police
*Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police
'''Constabulary'''
* Head Constable
* Senior Constable<ref>{{cite web | url=http://home.bih.nic.in/Document/Contact_Rangewise.pdf | title=CONTACT DETAILS OF POLICE OFFICERS RANGEWISE | publisher=Home department, Govt. of Bihar | date=11 February 2015 | access-date=14 February 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214131435/http://home.bih.nic.in/Document/Contact_Rangewise.pdf | archive-date=14 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* Constable

Recently, a proposal for creating police commissioner system for the state capital has been sent to the state government by [[Bihar Police]], the parent agency.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Proposal-for-commissioner-system-in-city-says-DGP/articleshow/46221298.cms | title=Proposal for commissioner system in city, says DGP | work=The Times of India | date=12 February 2015 | access-date=14 February 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008221737/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Proposal-for-commissioner-system-in-city-says-DGP/articleshow/46221298.cms | archive-date=8 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{{see also|List of police ranks in India}}

==Equipment==
All the equipment of the Patna Police are manufactured indigenously by the [[Indian Ordnance Factories]] controlled by the [[Ordnance Factories Board]], Ministry of Defence, Government of India.
* Wooden Baton
* Revolver 0.32 <ref>{{cite web |title=OFB Revolver 0.32 |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719194638/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/3.htm |archive-date=19 July 2006 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Pistol Auto 9mm 1A]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Pistol Auto 9mm 1A |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/7.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411074432/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/7.htm |archive-date=11 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 9mm SAF [[Sterling Submachine Gun|Carbine 1A1]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OFB Submachine Carbine |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/8.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209010635/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/8.htm |archive-date=9 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 7.62 mm [[Ishapore 2A1]] Rifle
* RFI [[L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OFB Rifle 1A1 |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/15.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110172233/http://www.ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/15.htm |archive-date=10 January 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[AK 47]]/ [[AKM]]<ref>{{cite web |title=OFB Assault Rifle 7.62mm |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/21.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418000035/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/21.htm |archive-date=18 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[INSAS]] Rifle <ref>{{cite web |title=OFB INSAS |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/11.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930044510/http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/11.htm |archive-date=30 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Vehicles==
*
* [[Mahindra Legend]]
* [[Chevrolet Tavera]]
* [[Mahindra Xylo]]
* [[Toyota Qualis]]
* [[Maruti Gypsy]]
* [[Royal Enfield Bullet]]
* [[Hero MotoCorp]] Glamour
* [[TVS Apache]]
* [[Mahindra Bolero]]
* [[Tata Sumo]]
*[[Mahindra Thar]]
*[[Mahindra Scorpio]]
*[[Maruti Ertiga]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://patnapolice.bih.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140309184135/http://patnatrafficpolice.in/ Official website of Traffic police]
* [http://www.indiamapped.com/police-stations-in-india/bihar/patna/ Important Numbers for Patna District Police]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111022002648/http://biharpolice.bih.nic.in/menuhome/telephone.htm Bihar Police Telephone Numbers]

{{Law enforcement in India}}
{{Patna}}

[[Category:Metropolitan law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:Government of Patna]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bihar Police]]

K Anil Kumar

2025-06-10T08:31:07Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Bikram Kumar Panda]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''K Anil Kumar''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Berhampur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Berhampur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/berhampur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916862.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Berhampur Assembly Election Results 2024: Berhampur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/berhampur-constituency-result-18133 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, K Anil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Jukhia

2025-06-05T08:46:06Z

MerryGrubb79668: stub.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jukhia
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.982713|N|87.764136|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4291
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721430
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03228
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhagabanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhagabanpur]]
| website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jukhia''' is a village and a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Bhagabanpur II]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Contai subdivision]] of the [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|21|48|0|N|87|42|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, S: port, sea-beach Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|21|46|28|N|87|45|0|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1=Contai | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Contai]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|21|49|50|N|87|47|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Basantia | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Basantia]] (CT)|shape-color2=#C40000
|mark-coord3={{coord|21|38|0|N|87|31|29|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=Khadalgobra | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Khadalgobra]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|21|38|18|N|87|30|34|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Digha| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Digha]] (R)|shape-color4=#C40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|21|40|28|N|87|33|33|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Ramnagar| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color5=#C40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|21|51|10|N|87|44|36|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Marishda| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Marishda]] (R)|shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|0|2|N|87|43|41|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Bhupatinagar| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Bhupatinagar]] (R)|shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|21|46|32|N|87|40|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Majna| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Majna]] (R)|shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|21|52|15|N|87|57|2|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Khejuri| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Khejuri]] (R)|shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|21|52|5|N|87|43|52|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Kamarda| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kamarda]] (R)|shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|21|51|20|N|87|54|5|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Janka| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Janka, Contai]] (R)|shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|21|40|46|N|87|35|24|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Bara Bankuya| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Bara Bankuya]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|21|49|30|N|87|49|55|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Dholmari| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Dholmari]] (R)|shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|21|54|52|N|87|55|35|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Baratala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Baratala]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|21|48|38|N|87|46|36|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Durmut| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Durmut]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|21|43|59|N|87|32|52|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Depal| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Depal]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|21|50|28|N|87|54|5|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Silaberia| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Silaberia]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|21|53|44|N|87|45|2|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Kharipukuria| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Kharipukuria]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|21|36|50|N|87|30|0|E}} | label-pos19=bottom|label19= New Digha| numbered19=S| mark-title19= [[Digha]] (S)|shape-color19=#0048BA
|mark-coord20={{coord|21|38|15|N|87|34|11|E}} | label-pos20=right|labela20= Shankarpur| numbered20=S| mark-title20= [[Shankarpur]] (S)|shape-color20=#0048BA
|mark-coord21={{coord|21|38|24|N|87|35|20|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Tajpur Port| numbered21=S| mark-title21= [[Tajpur Port]] (S)|shape-color21=#0048BA
|mark-coord22={{coord|21|39|50|N|87|42|46|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Mandarmani| numbered22=S| mark-title22= [[Mandarmani]]|shape-color22=#0048BA
|mark-coord23={{coord|21|43|29|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Junput| numbered23=S| mark-title23= [[Junput]]|shape-color23=#0048BA
|mark-coord24={{coord|21|47|41|N|87|53|0|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24= Petuaghat |labela24=Fishing Harbour| numbered24=S| mark-title24= [[Petuaghat Fishing Harbour]]|shape-color24=#0048BA
|mark-coord25={{coord|21|52|0|N|87|46|31|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Dihibahiri| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Dihibahiri]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|21|47|40|N|87|51|32|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Dariapur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Dariapur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|21|58|57|N|87|45|50|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Jukhia| numbered27=H| mark-title27= Jukhia (H)|shape-color27=black| label-size27=13|label-color27=black 
|arc-coordA={{coord|21.779123|87.42685}}| arc-textA=West Bengal| arc-text-colorA = dark grey| arc-angleA=30| arc-gapA=3.9| arc-radiusA=0.25| arc-text-sizeA=10
|arc-coordB={{coord|21.724123|87.42685}}| arc-textB=Odisha | arc-text-colorB = dark grey| arc-angleB=48| arc-gapB=6.2| arc-radiusB=0.15| arc-text-sizeB=10
|arc-coordC={{coord|21.59565|N|87.7296|E}}| arc-textC= Bay of Bengal | arc-text-colorC = soft blue| arc-angleC=160| arc-gapC=-1.0| arc-radiusC=1.6| arc-text-sizeC=14}}

===Location===
Jukhia is located at {{coord|21.982713|N|87.764136|E|display=inline}}.

===Urbanisation===
93.55% of the population of Contai subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 6.45% of the population live in the urban areas and it is considerably behind Haldia subdivision in urbanization, where 20.81% of the population live in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 22 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jukhia had a total population of 4,291, of which 2,226 (52%) were males and 2,065 (48%) were females. There were 462 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Jukhia was 3,524 (92.03% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_p190ca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census, India | access-date = 16 August 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
The nearest college, [[Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya]] at Mugberia, near [[Bhupatinagar]] was established in 1964. In addition to the courses in arts, science and commerce, it offers degree and post-graduate courses in physical education.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mgmahavidyalaya.org/ | title = Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya | publisher = Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161010093402/http://mgmahavidyalaya.org/ | archive-date = 10 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MugberiaGangadharMahavidyalaya/Mugberia_Gangadhar_Mahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya| publisher= College Admission| access-date = 10 November 2016}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]] mentions the Radha-Govinda temple as a West Bengal navaratna temple with turrets having curved ridging, measuring 31’ 6" square, and having been built in 1891–1901, rebuilt reincorporating terracotta carvings. The place is mentioned as Dheloa, possibly a neighbouring village with a similar name.<ref>McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, page 52. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}</ref>

==Jukhia picture gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:Radha Govinda Nabaratna Temple at Jukhia under Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal 01.jpg|Radha Govinda temple
File:Radha Govinda Nabaratna Temple at Jukhia under Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal 04.jpg|Decorations in Radha Govinda temple
File:Radha Govinda Nabaratna Temple at Jukhia under Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal 02.jpg|Decorations in Radha Govinda temple
File:Radha Govinda Nabaratna Temple at Jukhia under Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal 05.jpg|Decorations in Radha Govinda temple
</gallery>

==Healthcare==
Bhupatinagar Mugberia Rural Hospital at [[Bhupatinagar]] (with 30 beds) is the major government medical facility in Bhagabanpur II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jukhia, Bhagabanpur II CD block}}

{{Purba Medinipur District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Medinipur district]]

Economy of the kingdom of Mysore

2025-05-25T19:42:25Z

MerryGrubb79668: made a stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
The '''[[kingdom of Mysore]]''' ([[Kannada]] ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ) (1399 - 1947 CE) was a kingdom in [[southern India]] founded in 1399 by Yaduraya in the region of the modern city of [[Mysore]], in the [[Karnataka]] state. The [[Wodeyar]] dynasty ruled the Southern Karnataka region until Indian independence in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the [[India|Union of India]].

The peak of Mysore's economic power was under [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] in the post-[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] era of the mid-late 18th century. They embarked on an ambitious program of economic development, aiming to increase the wealth and revenue of Mysore.<ref>{{Citation |title=Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850 |given=Prasannan |surname=Parthasarathi |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-139-49889-0 |page=207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_YEcvo-jqcC&pg=PA207}}</ref>

==Early history==
The economy of the Kingdom was based on agriculture, due to the majority of its people being villagers. Ownership of land was considered a prestige and people from all trades aimed to own a piece of land, whether they were directly involved in cultivation or not. The agrarian population consisted of landlords ({{Transliteration|kn|[[Gowda (caste)|gavunda]]}}, {{Transliteration|kn|[[zamindar]]}}, {{Transliteration|kn|[[hegde|heggadde]]}}) great and small who tilled the land by employing a number of landless labourers. Payments for services were in kind, usually grain, and even minor cultivators were willing to hire themselves out as labourers if the need arose.<ref name="labour">Sastri (1955), p297</ref> It was due to the availability of these landless labourers that kings and landlords were able to execute major projects such as palaces, temples, mosques, anicuts (chack dam) and tanks.<ref name="tank">Chopra et al. (2003), p123, part III</ref> Because land was abundant and the population relatively sparse, no rent was charged on land ownership. Instead, landowners paid tax for cultivation, normally amounting up to one half of all produce that was harvested.<ref name="tank"/>

==Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan==
[[File:Tipu Sultan BL.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of [[Tipu Sultan]], 1792]]
[[Tipu Sultan]], who is self-styled as Sultan usurped Mysore from 1782 to 1799 is credited with founding the state trading depots in various locations the kingdom. In addition, he founded depots in foreign locations such as [[Karachi]], [[Jeddah]] and [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], where Mysore products could be sold.<ref name="muscat">M.H.Gopal in Kamath 2001, p235</ref> It is to Tipu's credit that [[France|French]] technology was used for the first time in carpentry and [[Smith (metalwork)|smithy]]. Also, Tipu's time saw [[China|Chinese]] technology used for sugar production, while technology from [[Bengal]] helped improve the [[sericulture]] industry.<ref name="seri">Kamath (2001), p235-236</ref> State factories were established in Kanakapura and Taramandelpeth for producing cannons and gunpowder respectively. The state monopolised the production of essentials such as sugar, salt, iron, pepper, cardamom, betel nut, tobacco and [[sandalwood]], as well as the extraction of incense oil from sandalwood and the mining of silver, gold and precious stones. Sandalwood was exported to China and the Persian gulf countries and sericulture was developed in twenty one centres within the kingdom.<ref name="sandal">Kamath (2001), p236-237</ref>

A bond existed between the landlords and his labourers who were called {{Transliteration|kn|panial}} or {{Transliteration|kn|padial}}. In this system, when work ceased to exist in a land, the labourers were free to find employment elsewhere, but were bound to come back whenever required by the landlord. This had a mutual benefit in that it ensured regular employment to the landless and prevented their starvation. Landlords, however, were not required to increase labour rates during times when labour was in demand. Instead, they judiciously gave loans and presents to the labourer during times of need such as marriages and other family ceremonies. These loans bound the labourer to the estate who was not charged with interest on the loan. Instead, the labourer was required to pay back the principal amount only if he wished to free himself permanently from his bond to the landlord and seek employment elsewhere.<ref name="bond">Chopra et al. (2003), p129-130</ref>

==Silk industry==
{{Main|Mysore silk}}

The [[Mysore silk]] industry was first initiated during the time of Tipu.<ref name="Global Silk Industry">{{cite book |last=R.k.datta |title=Global Silk Industry: A Complete Source Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8U1lmEGEdgC |access-date=22 January 2013 |year=2007 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-8131300879 |page=17 }}</ref> Later it was hit by a global depression, and competition from imported silk and [[rayon]]. In the second half of the 20th century, it revived and the [[Mysore State]] became the top multivoltine silk producer in India.<ref name="Global Silk Industry"/>

==British rule==
This system changed under the British, when tax payments were in cash, and were used for the maintenance of the army, police and other civil and public establishments. A portion of the tax was transferred to England and called "Indian tribute".<ref name="pay">Chopra et al. (2003), p124</ref> Unhappy with the loss of their traditional revenue system and the problems they faced, peasants rose in rebellion in many parts of south India. The construction of [[anicut]]s and tanks helped alleviate problems in some areas of the peninsula, though there were variations in living conditions in different regions.<ref name="farm">Chopra et al. (2003), p129</ref>

After 1800, the [[Charles Cornwallis|Cornwallis]] land reforms came into play. Reade, Munro, Graham and Thackeray were some administrators who improved the economic conditions of the masses.<ref name="corn">Chopra et al. (2003), p130</ref> However, the home spun [[textile]] industry suffered during British rule, due to the manufacturing mills of [[Manchester]], [[Liverpool]] and [[Scotland]] being more than a match for the traditional hand woven industry, especially spinning and weaving.<ref name="liver">Kamath (2001), p286</ref> Only weavers who produced the very finest cloth not manufacturable by machines survived the changing economy. Even here, the change in the dressing habits of the people, who adapted to English clothes, had an adverse impact. Only the agricultural and rural masses with their need for coarse cloth sustained the low quality home industry.<ref name="cloths">Chopra et al. (2003), p132</ref> Also, the British economic policies created a class structure consisting of a newly found middle class. This class consisted of four occupational groups; the trading and merchant class consisting of agents, brokers, shopkeepers; the landlords created under the Zamindar system and Janmi system of land tenure; the money lenders; and the white collared lawyers, teachers, civil servants, doctors, journalists and bankers. However, due to a more flexible caste hierarchy, this middle class consisted of a more heterogeneous mix of people from different castes.<ref name="caste">Chopra et al. (2003), p134</ref>

The 19th century brought about the so-called "backward classes movement", a direct result of the hegemony in employment (in educational and government sectors) by the wealthy few and the loss of jobs across southern India due to the [[Industrial Revolution]] in England. This movement was heralded first by the [[Lingayat]]s followed by the [[Vokkaliga]]s and the [[Kuruba]]s.<ref name="kuru">Kamath (2001), p285</ref> The economic revolution in England and the tariff policies of the British caused massive [[deindustrialization]] in India, especially in the textile sector. For example, Bangalore was known to have had a flourishing textile industry prior to 1800 and the gunny bag weaving business had been a monopoly of the Goniga people, a state of events that changed significantly when the British began ruling the area. The import of a chemical substitute of saltpetre (potassium nitrate) affected the Uppar community, the traditional makers of saltpetre for use in gunpowder. The import of kerosene affected the Ganiga community who supplied oils. Foreign enamel and crockery industries affected the native pottery business and the mill made blankets replaced the country made ''kambli''.<ref name="kambli">Kamath (2001), p287</ref> This economic fallout led to the formation of community based social welfare organizations such as the ''Lingayat Vidyavardhakara Sangha'' in Dharwad in 1883, the ''Vokkaligara Sanga'' in Bangalore in 1906 and the ''Praja Mitra Mandali'' in Mysore in 1917. The goal of these organizations was to help those within the community to cope better with a new economic situation. Community based youth hostels sprang up to help students seeking education and shelter.<ref name="hostel">Kamath (2001), pp288-289</ref>

==See also==
*[[Economic history of India]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 80905179}}
*{{cite book |last= Pranesh|first= Meera Rajaram |title= Musical Composers during Wodeyar Dynasty (1638-1947 A.D.)|orig-year=2003|year= 2003|publisher= Vee Emm|location= Bangalore}}
*{{cite book |last= Chopra, Ravindran, Subrahmanian |first= P.N., T.K., N. |title= History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part III|orig-year=2003|year=2003|publisher= Chand publications |location= New Delhi|isbn = 81-219-0153-7}}
*{{cite book |last= Sastri|first= Nilakanta K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}

[[Category:Kingdom of Mysore]]
[[Category:Historical economies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:16th century in economic history]]
[[Category:17th century in economic history]]
[[Category:18th century in economic history]]
[[Category:19th century in economic history]]
[[Category:Economic history of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Economic history of India]]

Debra (community development block)

2025-04-17T23:45:44Z

MerryGrubb79668: correct intro per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{other uses|Debra (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Debra
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Debra in Paschim Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.3906|N|87.5673|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 342.41
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 12
| population_total = 288,619
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03222
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 82.03%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Debra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Debra]]
| website = {{URL|paschimmedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Debra''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Kharagpur subdivision]] of [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==

===Naxalite movement in Debra-Gopiballavpur===
In 1968 many revolutionary intellectuals, broadly termed as [[Naxalite]]s, settled in Gopiballavpur. Amongst them was [[Santosh Rana]], who was a local person. In September 1969 a guerrilla squad killed an oppressive landlord. The landlords fled to the towns and a big peasant movement began. Landlords’ crops were forcibly harvested. Around 150 people were killed. Santosh Rana was the key figure in virtually “liberating” Debra, Gopiballavpur and neighbouring areas in West Bengal, as well as in Odisha and Jharkhand (which was part of Bihar at the time). The movement gradually split and collapsed in the early seventies.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bannedthought.net/India/PeoplesMarch/PM1999-2006/publications/30%20years/part1.htm |title = 30 Years of Naxalbari |work= Naxalbari-type Upsurge – (3) Debra-Gopiballavpur |publisher= Revolutionary Publications | access-date = 27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://blogger-source.blogspot.com/2011/04/santosh-rana-firebrand-naxal-leader-of.html|title = Santosh Rana| first=Arindam |last= Chaudhuri|access-date = 27 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv15/interviewsr.htm |title = Interview with Santosh Rana | publisher = Seminar, March 2010 (issue on Red Resurgence) |access-date = 27 July 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==

Debra CD block is largely a flood prone marshy wetland. In this block 100% of the cultivated area has highly productive [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil.<ref name="geography">{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = pages 4-5 (About Paschim Medinipur), page 26 (Predominant Soil), pages 265- 268 (Identification of Flood prone areas, Names of drought prone blocks) | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Debra is located at {{coord|22.3906|N|87.5673|E|format=dms|}}.

Debra CD block is bounded by [[Daspur I]] CD block in the north, [[Panskura (community development block)|Panskura]] CD block, in Purba Medinipur district, in the east, [[Pingla (community development block)|Pingla]] CD block in the south and [[Kharagpur II]] and [[Keshpur (community development block)|Keshpur]] CD blocks in the west.

It is located 28 km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.

Debra CD block has an area of 342.41 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 14 [[gram panchayat]]s, 214 gram sansads (village councils), 477 [[mouza]]s and 460 inhabited villages. [[Debra, Paschim Medinipur#Police station|Debra]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Balichak]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

Debra CD block had a forest cover of 540 hectares, against a total geographical area of 34,231 hectares in 2005-06.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Debra block/ panchayat samiti are: Bhabanipur, Bharatpur, Debra I, Debra II, Duan I, Duan II, Golgram, Jalimanda, Khanamohan, Malighati, Radhamohanpur I, [[Radhamohanpur |Radhamohanpur II]], Satyapur and Snarpur Lowada.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Debra CD block had a total population of 288,619, of which 274,835 were rural and 13,784 were urban. There were 145,559 (50%) males and 143,060 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 31,859. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 37,503 (12.99%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 59,122 (20.48%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Debra block had a total population of 255,196, out of which 129,109 were males and 126,087 were females. Debra block registered a population growth of 15.80 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in Debra CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Balichak]] (13,784).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Debra CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Baragar (4,329).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Debra CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Debra (2,347), Bhawanipur (1,700), Bharatpur (826), Golgram (3,984), Malighati (2,379), [[Satyapur, Paschim Medinipur|Satyapur]] (3,091), Jalimanda (2,263), Duan (3,497), [[Radhamohanpur]] (3,604), Khana Mohan (559), Shanrpur (1,252), [[Loyada, Paschim Medinipur|Loyada]] (1,520) and [[Chak Bajit]] (560).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Debra CD block was 210,618 (82.03% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 114,992 (88.78% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 95,626 (75.16% of the female population over 6 years). The gender gap in literacy rates was 13.62%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Debra CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|88.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|10.34}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|maroon|1.12}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.38}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus formed 88.16% and Muslims formed 10.34% of the population. Christians and other religious communities formed 1.50% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others including Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html|title=ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India|work=West Bengal|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> Christian and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 87.81%, Muslims 9.53% and tribal religions 2.31% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Debra CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 86.77 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 9.06 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 1.69 |color3 = orange
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.48 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 86.77% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 9.06% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 1.69% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==BPL families==
In Debra CD block 37.37% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 177 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I CD blocks have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl/>

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
458 or 96% of mouzas in Debra CD block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref>

473 mouzas in Debra CD block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 84 fertiliser depots, 36 seed stores and 37 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Debra CD block'''
|value1 = 6.76
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 19.74
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 3.63
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 23.33
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 46.53
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Debra CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 6.76%, patta (document) holders 19.74%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.63%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 23.33% and agricultural labourers 46.53%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Debra CD block was 29,287 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 25,376 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Debra CD block was 26,730 hectares, out of which 2,200 hectares were irrigated by tank water, 23,700 hectares by deep tubewells and 830 hectares by river lift irrigation.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Debra CD block produced 4,635 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 5,299 hectares, 224 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 121 hectares, 65,627 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 18,987 hectares, 27 tonnes of wheat from 12 hectares and 135,764 tonnes of potatoes from 5,235 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Debra CD block had offices of 14 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Debra CD block has 5 ferry services and 13 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Howrah-Kharagpur line]] passes through this CD block. Balichak is a station on this line.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14685/167/165 |title = Kharagpur-Howrah Local 38606 | publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref>

The Dankuni-Kharagpur sector of [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]] ([[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|old number NH 6]]) passes through this block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=6 August 2016|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Debra CD block had 206 primary schools with 15,473 students, 13 middle schools with 941 students, 18 high schools with 7,963 students and 21 higher secondary schools with 19,923 students. Debra CD block had 1 general college with 1,688 students, 2 technical / professional institutions with 200 students and 585 institutions for special and non-formal education with 19,938 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Debra CD block out of the total 206 primary schools in 2008-2009, 76 had pucca buildings, 54 partially pucca, 6 kucha and 70 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page: 60 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Debra Thana Sahid Kshudiram Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] is a co-educational college established in 2006 at [[Gangaram Chak]]. Affiliated to [[Vidyasagar University]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, philosophy, geography, education, physics and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/DebraThanaSahidKshudiramSmritiMahavidyalaya/DebraThanaSahidKshudiramSmritiMahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Debra Thana Sahid Kshudiram Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher= DTSKSM | access-date = 5 January 2017}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Debra CD block has several heritage temples.
<gallery widths="210px" heights="150px">
File:Sitalananda Nava Ratna temple at Satyapur Marhtala under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 01.jpg|'''[[Satyapur, Paschim Medinipur|Satyapur]]''': the Shiv Durga ''sikhar deul'' , the Satyeswar ''sikhar deul'' and ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Ratna temple|nava ratna]]'' Sitalananda temple (in picture).
File:Shikhar Deul of Radhagobinda Jiu temple at Loada under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 05.jpg|'''[[Loyada, Paschim Medinipur|Loyada]]''': Radhagobindajiu ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Rekha deul|sikhar deul]]'' with porch in front, built in 1860.
File:Sapta Ratha Deul of Sridharjiu and Gour Nitai at Chak Bajit under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 10.jpg|'''[[Chak Bajit]]''': Sridharji and Gour Nitai ''rekha deul''.
</gallery>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Debra CD block had one superspeciality hospital, 1 rural hospital, 5 primary health centres and 14 private nursing homes with total 232 beds and 14 doctors. It had 44 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 5,851 patients were treated indoor and 123,807 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Debra Rural Hospital, with 40 beds at [[Debra, Paschim Medinipur|Debra Bazar]], is the major government medical facility in the Debra CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at: [[Satyapur, Paschim Medinipur|Satyapur]] (PO Marotala) (with 6 beds), Pasang (with 10 beds), Trilochanpur (PO Sijgeria) (with 6 beds) and Kankra Shibrampur (PO Kankra Ataram) (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 September 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 September 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Sheikh Jahangir Karim]] (born 1952), five-time MLA of Debra

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Jeevan Deep

2025-01-12T08:26:31Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{Multiple issues|
{{moresources|date=January 2019}}
{{One source|date=March 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Jeevan Sudha
| image = Jeevan Sudha & Tata Centre - Elliot Park - Kolkata 2013-01-05 2444.JPG
| caption = View of Jeevan Sudha (''left'') along with [[Tata Centre]] from Elliot Park
| status = Complete
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| floor_count = 19
| height = {{convert|72|m|ft|0}}
| developer = [[Life Insurance Corporation of India|LIC]]
| completion_date =
| architect =
}}
'''Jeevan Sudha''' (also known as '''Jeevan Deep''') is a high-rise commercial building located in [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. It is located on [[Chowringhee Road]] beside [[Tata Centre]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-17/news/58175239_1_itc-ltd-tallest-skyscraper-solicitors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162144/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-17/news/58175239_1_itc-ltd-tallest-skyscraper-solicitors |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |title=Calcutta HC turns down ITC's petition against construction of city's tallest skyscraper |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=17 January 2015 |access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>

==Details==
Jeevan Sudha is one of the landmarks in [[Chowringhee]], the [[central business district]] of the city. It is a commercial building and was built in 1986 by [[Life Insurance Corporation of India]]. This building has 19 floors with a total height of {{convert|72|m|ft|0}}. It has many offices of [[Life Insurance Corporation of India|LIC]], banks like the [[State Bank of India]] NRI Branch and other financial organisations.

==See also==
* [[List of tallest buildings in Kolkata]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolkata topics}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Kolkata]]

Telangana women's football team

2024-12-21T21:33:22Z

MerryGrubb79668: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[ Telangana Football Association ]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

San Juje Da Areyal railway station

2024-10-19T22:21:11Z

MerryGrubb79668:

{{short description|Railway station in Goa, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = San Juje Da Areyal Railway Station
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = Maina Tambetim, [[Curtorim]], [[South Goa]], [[Goa]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.2657|74.0108|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| line = [[Guntakal–Vasco da Gama section]]
| other = Auto stand
| elevation = {{convert|17|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 1
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 2
| parking = No
| bicycle = No
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = No
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SJDA
| zone = [[South Western Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Hubli}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone]]
| status = Construction – diesel-line doubling
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=South Western Railway zone|left=Madgaon Junction|right=Chandar|type=[[Guntakal–Vasco da Gama section]]}}
}}
'''San Juje Da Areyal Railway Station''' is a small railway station in [[South Goa district]], [[Goa]]. Its code is '''SJDA'''. It serves [[Curtorim]] village. The station consists of one platform. The platform is now sheltered. Now it has facilities ilike water sanitation.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/sanjuje-da-arey-sjda/5173| title=SJDA/Sanjuje Da Arey | website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjuje Da Arey Railway Station (SJDA) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/sanjuje-da-arey-sjda-station |publisher=NDTV }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjuje Da Arey (SJDA) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry – RailYatri |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/sanjuje-da-arey-sjda |website=www.railyatri.in}}</ref>

== Major trains ==

* [[Vasco da Gama–Kulem Passenger]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Goa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}

[[Category:Hubli railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in South Goa district]]

{{Goa-railstation-stub}}

Dimapur–Kohima Highway

2024-04-22T16:32:12Z

MerryGrubb79668: made post

{{short description|Road in Nagaland}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{infobox road
|country=IND
|type=
|name=Dimapur–Kohima Highway
|map=
|photo=
|length_km=42.48
|direction_a=North West
|direction_b=South East
|terminus_a=[[Dimapur]]
|junction=
|terminus_b=[[Kohima]]
|provinces=
|cities= [[Chümoukedima]], [[Medziphema]], [[Sechü Zubza]]
|formed=
|system=
|ahn={{jct|country=IND|NH|29}}{{Jct|country=IND|AH|1}}{{Jct|country=IND|AH|2}}
}}

The '''Dimapur–Kohima Highway''' is a [[Toll road|tolled]] four lane dual carriageway in [[Nagaland]] that connects the state's largest city [[Dimapur]] and second largest city [[Kohima]]. Scheduled to be opened in 2021, the {{convert|42|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} highway will reduce the travel time between Dimapur and Kohima from 2.5 hours to 1 hour.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/dimapur-kohima-superhighway-gets-cceas-nod-after-10-years/|title=Dimapur-Kohima superhighway gets CCEA's nod after 10 years|website=[[Eastern Mirror]]|date=25 July 2013|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2020/12/02/dimapur-kohima-4-lane-road-to-be-ready-by-march-2021-says-nagaland-mp/|title=Dimapur-Kohima 4-lane road to be ready by March 2021, says Nagaland MP|website=[[East Mojo]]|date=2 December 2020|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

==History==
The project was first announced by the then-[[Prime Minister of India]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in October 2003 during his visit to Nagaland.<ref name=":0"/>

In 2013, the construction of the four-lane [[National Highway 29 (India)|National Highway 29]] from Dimapur to Kohima was approved and road cutting works began in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/ccea-approves-4-laning-of-dimapur-kohima-highway-in-nagaland/articleshow/20230383.cms|title=CCEA approves 4-laning of Dimapur-Kohima highway in Nagaland|website=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|date=23 May 2013|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagalandpost.com/never-ending-project/224487.html|title=Never ending project|website=[[Nagaland Post]]|date=10 November 2020|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

==Future expansion==
Future development plan entails extending the road from [[Kohima]] to [[Imphal]] from where it will be then extended to the existing roadway at [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] on the [[India–Myanmar border]] to form part of the ambitious [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]] project.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Motorways in Asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dimapur-Kohima Expressway}}
[[Category:AH1]]
[[Category:Roads in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagaland]]

2006–07 Duleep Trophy

2024-01-28T22:29:06Z

MerryGrubb79668: created a pg more to come.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2006–07 Duleep Trophy
| image =
| imagesize =
| fromdate = 19 October 2006
| todate = 16 November 2006
| caption =
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Knockout tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]
| count = 16
| participants = 6
| matches = 7
| attendance =
| most runs = [[Malinda Warnapura]] (Sri Lanka A) (421)<ref>{{cite web|title=Batting and Fielding in Duleep Trophy 2006/07 (Ordered by Runs) |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/5/Duleep_Trophy_2006-07/Batting_by_Runs.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Rajesh Sharma (cricketer)|Rajesh Sharma]] (NZ) (17)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bowling in Duleep Trophy 2006/07 (Ordered by Wickets) |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/5/Duleep_Trophy_2006-07/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 2005–06
| previous_tournament = 2005–06 Duleep Trophy
| next_year = 2007–08
| next_tournament = 2007–08 Duleep Trophy
}}

The '''2006–07 Duleep Trophy''' was the 46th season of the [[Duleep Trophy]], a [[first-class cricket|first-class]] cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: [[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]], [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]], [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]], [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]] and [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]]. In addition to these five teams, a guest team ([[Sri Lanka A cricket team|Sri Lanka A]]) also featured in the tournament.

North Zone won the title, defeating Sri Lanka A in the final.

==Results==
===Group stage===
;Group A points table
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; "
|-
! Team !! Matches !! Won !! Lost !! Drawn (WF) !! Drawn (LF) !! No result !! Points !! Quotient
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''4''' || 1.438
|-
| [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''2''' || 0.933
|-
| [[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 0.703
|-
|}

;Group B points table
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; "
|-
! Team !! Matches !! Won !! Lost !! Drawn (WF) !! Drawn (LF) !! No result !! Points !! Quotient
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| [[Sri Lanka A cricket team|Sri Lanka A]] || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 1.192
|-
| [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''4''' || 1.339
|-
| [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 0.600
|-
|}

Source: [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/5/Duleep_Trophy_2006-07.html]

===Final===
{{Test match | date = 12–16 November 2006
| team1 = [[Sri Lanka A cricket team|Sri Lanka A]] | team2 = [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 296 (69.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chamara Silva]] 84
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rajesh Sharma (cricketer)|Rajesh Sharma]] 4/85
| score-team2-inns1 = 636/7 dec (192 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Aakash Chopra]] 188
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ishara Amerasinghe]] 3/124
| score-team1-inns2 = 426 (113 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Malinda Warnapura]] 149*
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Rajesh Sharma (cricketer)|Rajesh Sharma]] 5/119
| score-team2-inns2 = 87/2 (18.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Aakash Chopra]] 51*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Jehan Mubarak]] 1/3
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = North Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/103/103866.html Scorecard]
| result = North Zone won by 8 wickets
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/5/Duleep_Trophy_2006-07.html Series home at CricketArchive]

{{Duleep Trophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2006-07 Duleep Trophy}}
[[Category:Duleep Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2006–07|Duleep Trophy]]
[[Category:2006 in Indian cricket|Duleep Trophy]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Lodipur, Dih, Raebareli

2024-01-14T21:44:50Z

MerryGrubb79668: added new details

{{Other uses|Lodipur (disambiguation){{!}}Lodipur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lodipur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Lodīpur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Dih block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Lodipur (#336) in Dih CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.134542|N|81.471875|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.135
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 86
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lodipur''' is a village in [[Dih, Raebareli|Dih]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=393–409 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 28 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 86 people, in 20 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has no schools and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Birnawan, Dih, Raebareli|Birnawan]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Lodipur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 49 people (26 male and 23 female), in 12 households and 11 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=164–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 34 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 1 resident was literate, a male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Rokha]] and the [[thana]] of [[Nasirabad, Raebareli|Nasirabad]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Lodipur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 64 people (31 male and 33 female), in 43 households and 32 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cii-ciii of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 34 acres.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Lodipur (as "Lodipua") as having a population of 72 people, in 22 households, and having an area of 13.75 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=206–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Lodipur as having a total population of 92 people (44 male and 48 female), in 20 households and 20 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 242–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 175 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 18, or 20% of the total; this group was 44% male (8) and 56% female (10).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 47% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 0% (0 men and 0 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 31 people were classified as main workers (27 men and 4 women), while 0 people were classified as marginal workers; the remaining 61 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 20 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 11 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 0 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 0 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 0 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 0 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Azhagiya Asura (song)

2023-09-25T09:23:34Z

MerryGrubb79668: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Whistle (2003 film)#Soundtrack]]